8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 1/106
Oracle ® Applications
Architecture
Release 11 for Windows NT
October 1998
Part No. A63472-01
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 2/106
Oracle App lications Architectu re, Release 11 for Wind ows N T
Part No. A63472-01
Release 11
Copyr ight © 1998, Oracle Corporat ion. All rights reserved .
Author: Michael Fiore
Contributors: Vincent Lee, Jeff Lunn, Keith M. Swar tz
The programs are not intended f or use in any nuclear, aviation, mass transit, medical, or other
inhe rently dang erous applications. It shall be licensee’s responsi bility to take all appropriate fail-safe,back up, redundancy and other measures to ensure the safe use of such applications if the Programs
are used for such purposes, and Oracle disclaims liabili ty for any damages caused by such use of the
Programs.
This Program contains proprietary information of Oracle Corporation; it is provided u nd er a license
agreement containing restrictions on use an d disclosure and is also protected by copyright, patent an d
other intellectual p roperty law. Reverse engineering of the software is prohibited.
The information contained in this docum ent is subject to change w ithout notice. If you find any p roblems
in the docum entation, please report them to us in wr iting. Oracle Corporation d oes not warran t that this
docum ent is error free. No part of this docum ent may be reprod uced or transmitted in an y form or byany m eans, electronic or mechan ical, for any pur pose, without the express written permission of Oracle
Corporation.
If this Program is delivered to a U.S. Govern men t Agency of the Depa rtm ent of Defense, then it is
delivered w ith Restricted Rights and the following legend is app licable:
Restricted Rights Legend Programs delivered subject to the DOD FAR Supplement are "commercial
compu ter software" and use, dup lication and disclosure of the Programs shall be subject to the licensing
restrictions set forth in th e app licable Oracle license agreemen t. Otherw ise, Progra ms d elivered sub ject to
the Federal Acquisition Regulations are "restricted compu ter software" and use, du plication and
disclosure of th e Progr ams shall be su bject to the restr ictions in FAR 52.227-14, Rights in Da ta -- General,includ ing Altern ate III (Jun e 1987). Oracle Corp oration , 500 Oracle Parkw ay, Redw ood City, CA 94065.
"Restricted Use Programs" are limited to u se solely in conjunction with and in sup port of the licensed
Oracle Applications Programs. Customers may n ot use the Restricted Use Program s for general data
processing pu rposes or for any p urp ose other than specified in th e previous sentence. The following
Programs are included as Restricted User p rograms w ith Oracle Applications Programs: Oracle8
Enterp rise Edition, SQL*Plus, Program mer/ 2000, and Oracle App lication Object Library.
Oracle is a registered trad emark, and Context, Developer/ 2000, EasiPath Migration Method, EMM
Ad van tage, Net8, Oracle8, Oracle Alert, Oracle App lication O bject Library, Oracle Cont ext, Oracle
Financials, Oracle InterO ffice, Oracle Office, Oracle Qu ality, Oracle Web Cu stomers, O racle WebEmploy ees, Oracle Work in Process, Oracle Workflow, PL/ SQL, SmartClient, SQL, SQL*Forms,
SQL*Loader, SQL*Menu, SQL*Net, SQL*Plus, SQL*Report, and Web Agent are trademarks or registered
tradema rks of Oracle Corporation.
All other compan y or produ ct names mentioned are used for identification pu rposes only and may be
tradem arks of their respective owners.
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 3/106
iii
Contents
Preface........................................................................................................................................................... vii
Send Us Your Comments .................................................................................................................. xiii
1 Oracle Applications Release 11Release 11 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 1-1
Network Computing Architecture................................................................................................... 1-1
Desktop Clien t Tier ...................................................................................................................... 1-2
Ap plication Tier ............................................................................................................................ 1-4
Release 11 Database Tier ............................................................................................................. 1-8
Network Traffic and Optimization................................................................................................ 1-11
Forms Server and Forms Client Applet................................................................................... 1-12
Performance Con sid erations..................................................................................................... 1-12
Ne w Functionality ............................................................................................................................ 1-14
Mu ltip le Reporting Cu rrencies ................................................................................................. 1-14
Attachments ................................................................................................................................ 1-14
Spreadsheet Export .................................................................................................................... 1-15
Context-sensitive Help............................................................................................................... 1-15Repor t Review ............................................................................................................................. 1-15
Oracle Payroll.............................................................................................................................. 1-15
2 System Components
Release 11 Products and Product Famil ies ..................................................................................... 2-1
Prod uct Fam ilies ........................................................................................................................... 2-3
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 4/106
iv
System Issues................................................................................................................................. 2-5
Oracle Applications Language Translations............................................................................. 2-8Underlying System Components ..................................................................................................... 2-8
Win dow s NT Op erating System................................................................................................. 2-9
Or acle8 Server ............................................................................................................................... 2-9
Or acle Tools ................................................................................................................................... 2-9
3 Data Model
Basic D ata Model ............................................................................................................................... . 3-1
Product Groups............................................................................................................................. 3-1
ORACLE User IDs ........................................................................................................................ 3-2
APPS Schema................................................................................................................................. 3-3
How AutoInstall Creates APPS Schemas.................................................................................. 3-5
Localizat ion s Ob jects .................................................................................................................... 3-6
Custom Schema Access................................................................................................................ 3-6Data Access .................................................................................................................................... 3-6
Multiple Organization (Multi-Org) Architecture ......................................................................... 3-7
Ov erview ........................................................................................................................................ 3-7
Partitioned Objects ....................................................................................................................... 3-8
Chan ges from Release 10.6 .......................................................................................................... 3-9
Multiple Reporting Currencies ........................................................................................................ 3-9
Functiona l Cu rrencies ................................................................................................................ 3-10Settin g Up the Pr imary Resp onsibility .................................................................................... 3-10
MRC Architecture....................................................................................................................... 3-12
Multiple Sets of Books ..................................................................................................................... 3-16
Mu ltip le Prod uct Installat ion Groups and Multip le Sets of Books ..................................... 3-18
Oracle8 Server Organization and Requirements ........................................................................ 3-19
Database Creation ....................................................................................................................... 3-20
Oracle8 Server Tablesp aces ....................................................................................................... 3-21
Oracle Ap plications Tablesp aces .............................................................................................. 3-22
Sizin g Factor ................................................................................................................................ 3-23
4 File System
Directory Structure ............................................................................................................................. 4-1
Basic Directory Stru ctu re ............................................................................................................. 4-1
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 5/106
v
Distributed Directory Stru ctu re.................................................................................................. 4-4
Localizat ion Director ies ............................................................................................................... 4-5Langu age Directory Stru ctu re .................................................................................................... 4-6
Applications Top Directory for Upgrade.................................................................................. 4-7
Log and Output Files.......................................................................................................................... 4-8
Log and Outp ut Files for a Single Prod uct Group ................................................................... 4-9
Log and Ou tput Files for Multip le Product Groups ............................................................. 4-11
Selecting a Log and Outp ut File Storage Method .................................................................. 4-14
Tem porary Files .......................................................................................................................... 4-14
Glossary
Index
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 7/106
vii
Preface
Oracle Applications Architecture provid es basic information on h ow th e Oracle
App lications software and d atabases are configured , and h ow you can imp lement
them in a netw ork installation.
AudienceOracle Applications Architecture explains the technology, concepts, and terminology
used in Oracle Applications Installation. You should read Architecture along with
Installation if you are responsible for installing or u pgrad ing Oracle App lications.
Installation provid es instructions for installing Oracle Applications p rodu cts and
explains the utilities you u se for installation and m aintenance. These peop le
typically u se Architecture an d Installation:
s Database Administrator
Installs and configures the Oracle database and main tains database access
controls. The database adm inistrator provides consultation on p erformance,
monitors growth and fragmentation of the database, and p erforms d atabase
backup and recovery.
s System Adm inistrator
Ensures that hard ware is correctly configu red, and installs and m aintains
system software. The system ad ministrator ensu res the system is backed u p
daily and maintains security, such as by establishing system accounts. The
system administrator prov ides first-line sup port for problems.
s Techn ical Specialist
Responsible for designing, developing, unit testing, imp lementing, and
main taining th e custom extensions for Oracle App lications. These extensions
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 8/106
viii
includ e mod ules such as interfaces, automated d ata conversions, reports, forms,
and enhan cements.
StructureOracle Applications A rchitecture contains these chap ters:
Related DocumentsAll the docum entation related to Release 11 is includ ed on the Oracle Applications
Documentation Library CD, which is sup plied with Release 11. You can p urchase
add itional sets of printed and online documentation for Oracle software products
Chap ter 1 Exp la ins the new fea tu res of Oracle App lica tions Release 11,
including N etwork Comp uting Architecture and MultipleReporting Currencies.
Ch ap ter 2 Discu sses th e com p on en ts of Release 11, in clu d in g th e
Release 11 produ ct family, the Windows N T operating system,
and the Oracle8 Server d atabase.
Ch ap ter 3 Covers th e Oracle Ap p lication s d ata m od el, in clu d in g th e
APPS schem a and Multiple Organization a rchitecture.
Chap ter 4 Describes the Release 11 file system, includ ing multip le
prod uct group s, the p rodu ct directory structure, localizations,
and setting up d irectories for log and outp ut files.
Glossary Defines terms used in both the Architecture an d Installation
manuals.
Ind ex An alp habetical listing of references to top ics in this m anu al.
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 9/106
ix
from the Oracle Documen tation Sales depar tmen t, located on the World Wide Web
at http:/ / ww w.oracle.com/ documentation/ sales.
In add ition to Architecture an d Installation, you shou ld refer to these documents:
s Oracle Applications Installation Release Notes
The Release Notes provid e up -to-date information on th is release and its
comp onents, and may su persede the information in other manu als.
s Oracle Applications Upgrade Manual
A successful up grad e requires you to prepare your existing Oracle App lications
prod ucts as described in the Upgrade Manual.
s Oracle Applications Product Update Notes
Provides a history of the changes to Oracle Applications since Release 10
Smar tClient Prod uction 1.
s Oracle Applications Technical Reference manuals
List information about d atabase structures and help d etermine what changes
you need to make to customizations after an u pgrad e.
s Oracle Applications System Administrator’s Guide
Provides add itional information you need to administer the Oracle
App lications d atabase server.
Attention: With th e new Release 11 architectu re, you may choose
to install Oracle App lications software on several ma chines running
different operat ing systems. For examp le, the forms server m ay be a
Wind ows N T machine, but th e adm inistration server or Release 11
database may be a UN IX machine. In this case, you w ould follow
the instructions for installing and imp lementing the forms server
from th e Wind ows N T edition of the Installation manu al, and theinstructions for installing and imp lementing the Release 11
database server from the UN IX edition of the Installation manual.
Chap ter 1 in this manual explains the d ifferent typ es of servers and
their roles in Release 11, and p ossible ways to deploy this release in
a m ixed-platform, m ulti-tier top ology.
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 10/106
x
s Oracle Applications User’s Guide
The User’s Guide provid es an overview of Oracle App lications, including basicconcepts, term inology, and navigation.
s Oracle Financials Country-Specific Installation Supplement
Contains coun try-specific information about responsibilities and report security
group s, and provides any add itional post-install steps you may require.
Registry VariablesAlthough the examples in this man ual assume a comman d promp t syntax, you
cannot type registry variables (denoted by # delimiters) directly on the comm and
line. If an example shows a registry variable, such as #<PROD>_TOP#, you have
two op tions:
s Run adregenv.exe to copy all the #<PROD>_TOP# registry variables into a .cmd
file that can be run from the comman d promp t.
s Use regedt32.exe to determine the full path of each #<PROD>_TOP# variable,
and then typ e that path in the comman d p romp t in place of #<PROD>_TOP#.
You can only run ad regenv.exe after you create a valid Oracle App lications registry
subkey. The ad regenv.exe file is in the #AD_TOP#\ bin d irectory. To generate the
.cmd file, change d irectories to #AD_TOP#\ bin and run the u tility from th e
command prompt:
C:\> adregenv <APPL_CONFIG>
wh ere <APPL_CON FIG> is the name of a valid Oracle App lications registry
subk ey. For examp le, if <APPL_CONFIG> is VD11, type:
C:\> adregenv VD11
In this example, ad regenv.exe creates VD11.cmd in the APPL_TOP d irectory
indicated in the subkey. After running the .cmd file created by ad regenv.exe, you
can type the environmen t variable %<PROD>_TOP% without th e full path .
Additional Information: For an explanation of the w ay the # and %
symbols are used in this manu al, see Conventions in th is Preface.
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 11/106
xi
Getting HelpOracle Consulting Services and Oracle Sup port Services are the main sources of
help for installing Oracle Applications.
Oracle Consulting Services
Oracle Consulting Services can h elp:
t determ ine machine size and database size required by Oracle Applications
t install or up grad e Oracle App lications
t implement Oracle Applications products
t customize Oracle App lications prod ucts
t develop custom app lications for use w ith Oracle App lications
t train u sers of Oracle App lications
Oracle Support ServicesHave this information ready w hen you contact Oracle Sup port Services:
t your CSI nu mber
t the operating system an d versions of all Oracle Applications servers
t the release of Oracle App lications you are installing an d the versions of the
Oracle Server and Oracle tools you a re using
t the release of Oracle App lications you a re up grad ing from
t a description of the p roblem as w ell as specific information abou t any error
messages you received
t wh ether you have dial-in capability
t the number and status of the AutoInstall parallel workers
t the ou tpu t of the AD Configuration Utility, contained in the ad utconf.lst file
Additional Information: Monitoring Au toInstall, Oracle
Applications Installation
Additional Information: The AD Configuration Utility, Oracle
Applications Installation
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 12/106
xii
ConventionsWe use the following typograph ical conven tions in this manu al.
The following special notes alert you about p articular information:
Convention Meaning
Monospace text Comm and line text. Type this text exactly as shown.
< > Text enclosed in angle brackets represents a variable. Remove theangle brackets and substitute an app ropriate value for the variable.
[ ] Brackets enclose optional items. Do not type the brackets.
| A vertical bar rep resents an “or” op tion among several opt ions. Youmu st enter only one of the op tions. Do not type the vertical bar.
\ d irectory A backslash before a d irectory n am e in dicates th at it is asubdirectory.
C:\ > Represents the Windows NT command prompt (your prompt maydiffer).
\ In command examples, a backslash at the end of a line means you
mu st type the entire comm and on one line. Do not type thebackslash.
%<variable>%
#<variable>#
%<variable>% refers to variables that may be set in the System
applet in the Windows NT Control Panel, at a comman d p romp t, or
in the registry. #<variable># refers to variables that w ill be set in the
Wind ows NT registry only.
Variables set only in th e registry are n ot accessible from the
comm and p rompt, but can be viewed with the Window s NT registry
editor (reged t32.exe). You can a lso convert reg istry variables to
environm ent va riables with the adregenv.exe ut ility.
Additional Information: Refers you to portions of this manual, another manual,or the online docum entation.
Attention : Alerts you to important information that will help youuse the system.
Note: Highlights helpful hints and practical tips that can savetime and make installation or other p rocedures easier.
Warning: Warns you about actions which, if not carried outproperly, could be dam aging or d estructive to youroperations.
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 13/106
xiii
Send Us Your Comments
Oracle Applications Architecture, Release 11 for Windows NT
Part No. A63472-01
We welcome you r comm ents and suggestions on the q uality and usefulness of this pu blication. Your
inpu t is an imp ortant p art of the information used for revision.
s Did you find any errors?s Is the information clearly p resented?
s Do you n eed m ore information? If so, where?
s Are the examples correct? Do you need more examp les?
s What features did you like most about th is man ual?
If you find an y errors or have any other suggestions for imp rovement, please indicate the chapter,
section, and page number (if available). You can send comments to u s in the following ways:
s FAX - 650.506.7369 Attn: Oracle Ap plications Release Group
s postal service:
Oracle Corporation
Oracle App lications Release Grou p
500 Oracle Parkway, M/ S 3op4
Redw ood Shores, CA 94065 U.S.A.
If you w ould like a reply, please give your name, add ress, and telephone nu mber.
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 14/106
xiv
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 15/106
Oracle Applications Release 11 1-1
1Oracle Applications Release 11
This chap ter d escribes the new architectura l features in Oracle Applications. Refer
to the Product Update Notes for information abou t each prod uct’s new features. This
chapter includ es these sections:
s Release 11 Overview
s Netw ork Comp uting Architecture
s Netw ork Traffic and Op timization
s New Functionality
Release 11 Overview
Oracle Applications Release 11 is Oracle’s complete enterprise suite of Financial,Hu man Resources, Manufacturing, Sup ply Chain, and Sales Force Au tomation
softw are, comp rising more than 50 different app lications. Because Release 11 uses a
Java-based interface, corporations can implemen t enterp rise app lications tha t have
all of the benefits of graphical client/ server software withou t installing Oracle
App lications client software on each user’s desktop . Based on N etwork Com pu ting
Architecture (NCA) designed by Oracle, Oracle App lications can be dep loyed on
any PC, network comp uter, or other Java-enabled d esktop.
Network Computing ArchitectureNetw ork Compu ting Architecture u pd ates the Release 10 SmartClient m odel, where
app lication software was installed and mainta ined on the desktop as well as on
servers. In Release 11, the client interface is provided through a Java applet. The
client can down load the app let on deman d, or cache the app let locally and
dow nload only when the app let is up dated. All upd ates are installed on the server
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 16/106
Network Computing Architecture
1-2 Oracle Applications Architecture
and are dow nloaded to th e client autom atically from th e server. Shifting software
adm inistration from the d esktop to the netw ork in Release 11 provides you w ithboth a grap hical user interface and lower ad ministration costs.
Network Computing Architecture provides Oracle Applications with a framework
for multi-tier , distributed compu ting. In the multi-tier comp uting m odel, various
functions of the Oracle App lications architectu re are distributed am ong m ultiple
levels, or tiers, of machines. Although m any physical machines may be used in a
configuration, scalability d erives from processing capabilities on three separate
tiers: the desktop client tier, the app lication tier, and the Release 11 database tier.
Figure 1–1 Overview of Multi-tier Architecture
Desktop Client TierThe desktop client runs a Java applet using a Java-enabled web browser or
app letviewer. The app let sends user requests to the forms server and handles such
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 17/106
Network Computing Architecture
Oracle Applications Release 11 1-3
responses as screen up dates, pop -up lists, graphical widgets, and cursor movem ent.
The desktop client’s Java ap plet is another component of Oracle’s Developer/ 2000app lication developmen t tool called the Forms client applet . It can d isplay any O racle
App lications screen and sup ports field-level validation, mu ltiple coordinated
wind ows, and data en try aids like lists of values.
A web browser or app letviewer m anages the down loading and storage of the Forms
client app let on each user ’s desktop . They also sup ply the Java Virtua l Machine
(JVM) that ru ns th e Forms client ap plet. The following figu re illustrates th e
commu nication between the d esktop client tier and the other tiers.
Figure 1–2 How the Desktop Client Tier Communicates
JAR Files and Security
The Forms client ap plet is a general-pu rpose applet that w orks with all Oracle
App lications, includ ing those with cu stomizations and extensions. To achieve rapid
startup and keep network traffic light, the Forms client is packaged as a few Java
Archive (JAR) files that contain all the Java classes typically requ ired. The JAR files
are d own loaded once, at the beginn ing of the client’s first session. Afterwards, they
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 18/106
Network Computing Architecture
1-4 Oracle Applications Architecture
remain in the brow ser’s local disk cache, ready for futu re sessions, until up da ted
versions of the JAR files are released .
The JAR files for the Forms client ap plet use a digital signature to guarantee their
auth enticity to the desktop client. The d igital signature is an encrypted message
containing the identity of the JAR files’ author—in this case, Oracle Applications.
To validate th e digital signature, each desktop client holds a certificate file. The
certificate contains the identity of a "trusted source", and a key th at can be u sed to
decrypt m essages sent by tha t source, such as its digital signatu re. When a w eb
browser or ap pletviewer su bmits a request to dow nload th e JAR files containing theForms client applet, the JAR files present their credentials (the digital signature).
The web browser or ap pletviewer d ecrypts the d igital signature and comp ares the
result with what w as stored in the certificate. If they m atch, the signature is
considered to be auth entic, and the JAR files can be downloaded.
This form of security ensu res that the forms server only accepts connections from
"certified" Forms clients bearing the Oracle App lications signatu re. For add itional
security, all comm un ication between the Forms client ap plet and forms server is
encrypted using the RSA RC4 40-bit standard form of encryption.
Application TierThe application servers form the midd le tier between the desktop clients and
Release 11 database servers. They provid e load ba lancing, business logic, and other
functionality. In installations that u se mu ltiple ap plication servers, only one need s
to run the Oracle Application Server software.
Note: There are three term inology changes from earlier releases:
s Some earlier versions of the Oracle Application Server were
called the Oracle Web Application Server .
s Application server now refers to the machine or machines on the
middle tier that run the Oracle App lication Server and Oracle
Forms Server software.
s The Release 10 database server was often called the Applications
server . To avoid confusion w ith the Oracle App lication Server in
Release 11, the database server is now always called the
Release 11 database server .
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 19/106
Network Computing Architecture
Oracle Applications Release 11 1-5
The following figure illustrates the commun ication between the ap plication tier and
the other tiers.
Figure 1–3 How the Application Tier Communicates
Forms Server
The forms server is a specific type of app lication server tha t hosts the Oracle Forms
Server engine. The Oracle Forms Server is a Developer/ 2000 componen t that
med iates between the desktop client and the Oracle8 Server, displaying client
screens and causing changes in the database records based on user actions. Data is
cached on the forms server and p rovided to the client as needed , such as whenscrolling th rough mu ltiple order lines. The forms server exchanges messages with
the d esktop client across a standard TCP/ IP network connection.
Load Balancing Among Forms Servers Release 11 provides au tomatic load balancing
among m ultiple app lication servers. In a load-balancing configuration, a single
coordinator called th e Metrics Server is on one application server. Metrics Clients
located on the other app lication servers periodically send load information to the
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 20/106
Network Computing Architecture
1-6 Oracle Applications Architecture
Metrics Server so it can d etermine w hich has th e lightest load. When a client issues
a request to download th e Forms client ap plet, the Metrics Server provid es the
name of the least-loaded host for the applet to connect to. This process is mad e
possible through m ediation by the w eb server and Oracle Application Server.
Automatic failover capabilities are inherent in this load -balancing system. If an
app lication server becomes unavailable for any reason, the Metrics Server ceases to
route requ ests to the server un til it comes back online. While the app lication server
is offline, requests are routed to one of the other ap plication servers.
Web Server
The web server is another typ e of app lication server, which runs an HTTP listener .
The HTTP listener (also called a web listener) is a component of an HTTP server,
such as Microsoft Internet Inform ation Server, or Netscape Enterpr ise Server. This
listener accepts incoming HTTP requests (or URLs) from d esktop clients, via the
web b rowser or ap pletviewer. These requests are either imm ediately processed—for
example, by return ing an H TML docum ent—or are passed on to the Oracle
App lication Server, wh ich also resides on this m achine.
The Oracle Application Server hand les these requests by redirecting them to a
cartridge. You configure th e Oracle App lication Server to ind icate w hat types of
requests should go to various cartridges that are installed. For example, if you setup the Oracle Forms Load Balancing Cart ridge, this cartridge examines the H TML
file requested by the d esktop client and provides information like the nam e of the
least-loaded host and the username and password for connecting to the
App lications database. The results are then d elivered to the desktop client via the
HTTP listener.
To access Oracle App lications, you start u p a web browser or app letviewer and
subm it a request to the web server for the initial signon HTML page by entering th eURL for the page. The p age may be p rocessed by the Load Balancing Cartrid ge, if it
has been configured , then is returned to you, along with the Java applet used for
accessing Oracle App lications forms. The Forms client ap plet is invoked with
parameters that includ e the nam e of the forms server to which the client app let
connects. The applet connects to this forms server using a stand ard TCP/ IP
connection, and from this point on , you are connected d irectly to the forms server
un til you choose to exit Oracle Applications.
Additional Information: Setting u p Load Balancing, Oracle Developer/2000 Release 1.6.1: Deploying Applications on the W eb;
Chapter 4, Oracle Applications Installation
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 21/106
Network Computing Architecture
Oracle Applications Release 11 1-7
The app let param eters also contain information about th e App lications database to
which the forms server shou ld connect. This makes it easy to set up access tomu ltiple Oracle Applications environmen ts, and to connect to these environments
simultaneously. For examp le, you can create tw o instances of the Load Balancing
Cartridge, and configure one to connect you to a prod uction database, while
another connects you to a test d atabase. The Oracle App lication Server examines the
URL to determ ine wh ich cartridge instance should process the request. The
cartridge then p rovides the information on wh ich database instance to connect to,
and this data is relayed by the H TTP listener back to the desktop client.
Web Server and HTML-based Applications Functionality
Some asp ects of App lications are un ique in u sing HTML-generated screens for their
interface instead of Oracle Forms. The Oracle Self-Service Web Ap plications and
Workflow Monitor a re amon g th is functionality. These produ cts, or p ortions of
prod ucts, are designed in p ure H TML and JavaScript, and operate by d irect
connection to an HTTP listener running Oracle Application Server. Logic is
controlled throu gh stored p rocedures that execute throu gh the Oracle App lication
Server’s PL/ SQL Cartridge, and Java servlets—Java p rogram s executed by th e
Oracle App lication Server—that communicate with the database using JDBC.
The web server u sed for the Self-Service Web Applications or th e Workflow Mon itor
can be the same as the on e used for accessing other Oracle App lications prod ucts
throu gh O racle Forms. However, all HTML-based App lications fun ctionality
performs load balancing using features in Oracle App lication Server, and do not u se
the O racle Forms Load Balancing Cartrid ge.
Web Server and Thin Client Framework
Oracle App lications uses an infrastructure comp onent called Thin Client
Framew ork (TCF) to supp ort a variety of Java-based features which comp lement
the m ain Forms-based u ser interface. TCF is a foundation for building m ulti-tier
Java ap plications by p roviding an efficient netw ork comm un ications protocol and
gener ic services. The first features to use TCF are the Object Naviga tors used by AK,
MRP, and WIP. Object Nav igators are used to d isplay hierarchical data in a visuallayout an alogous to the Window s Explorer.
Features u sing TCF rely on the presence of a listener p rocess, called the TCF
SocketServer, on an app lication server. This p rocess can ru n on any server m achine.
However, because th e Java software it requ ires — Java Run time Environm ent an d
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 22/106
Network Computing Architecture
1-8 Oracle Applications Architecture
JDBC — are already installed on any standard Ap plications w eb server, we
recomm end th at the process run on an App lications web server.
Release 11 Database TierThe database tier holds all data and da ta-intensive programs, and processes all SQL
requests for da ta. The d atabase tier includes the Release 11 Server, the
adm inistration server, and the concurrent processing server. By d efinition, machines
in this tier do not comm un icate directly with App lications users, bu t rather w ith
machines on the app lication tier that m ediate these comm unications, or with other
servers on the Release 11 database tier.
The following figure illustrates th e commun ication betw een the Release 11 database
tier and the other tiers.
Attention: Thin Client Framework an d Object Navigator
functionality are ava ilable in th e 11.0.1 FND pa tch set. Instructions
on configur ing the TCF SocketServer p rocess are in the on-line
Docum entation Upd ates for the System Administrator’s Guide.
C
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 23/106
Network Computing Architecture
Oracle Applications Release 11 1-9
Figure 1–4 How the Database Tier Communicates
Release 11 Database Server
The Release 11 database server contains the d ata associated with OracleApp lications. This machine d oes not contain any Oracle App lications files, only the
Oracle8 Server files, and a d atabase instance that stores the tables, ind exes, and
other d atabase objects used by Oracle App lications.
The installation process for Oracle App lications begins here, by installing and
creating a da tabase and configuring N et8 to accept connections from other servers.
Once you have created your d atabase, you ad minister the App lications data from
the ad ministration server.
Administration Server
The administration server is the machine from which you m aintain the data in your
App lications d atabase. There are three typ es of operations you will carry out h ere,
each using a d ifferent program:
N t k C ti A hit t
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 24/106
Network Computing Architecture
1-10 Oracle Applications Architecture
s installing and upgrad ing the database
This process is only done w hen you are installing a n ew release, or areup grad ing to a new m inor or major release. You u se the AutoInstall program to
do th is.
s app lying App lications database upd ates
Most bug fixes will consist of new files and scripts that up date database objects.
You u se the AutoPatch program, adp atch.exe, to app ly the upda tes to the
database objects from the ad ministration server. (AutoPatch is also used on
other servers to up da te the file systems on th ose machines.)
s maintaining the Ap plications d ata
Some features, such as Mu ltiLingu al Sup port an d Mu ltiple Reporting
Currencies, require regular maintenance to ensure upd ates are prop agated to
the additional schemas used by these features. The AD Adm inistration progra m
(adad min.exe) allows you to d o this. (You can also administer files on oth er
tiers using this program.)
These administration tasks can only be performed when u sers are not accessing the
system, and n one of the operations listed above p rovides interaction w ith
App lications users. This means that the ad ministration server is the most
infrequen tly used, compared to other servers in the Applications mu lti-tier
environment, and h as the smallest comp uting requ irements. You therefore should
not need to have more than on e adm inistration server for your installation.
Concurrent Processing Server
Most interaction with App lications da ta is done through App lications forms. There
are also reporting p rograms, however, that p eriodically need to be run. These
program s may contain a very large number of comp utations, so to ensure that they
do not interfere with interactive operations, they can be configured to run on a
separate m achine called the concurrent processing server .
Concurrent Processing
Processes that run on the concurrent p rocessing server are called concurrent
programs, and operate in the background wh ile you and other users continue to
wor k on other tasks. These programs are typ ically executables written in C or
reports w ritten using Oracle Reports. You submit a requ est to run concurrent
program s through Ap plications forms, wh ich insert the request into a database
table. When the table is read by a m onitoring process, the request is assigned to on e
Additional Information: Chapter 5, Oracle Applications Installation
Network Traffic and Optimization
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 25/106
Network Traffic and Optimization
Oracle Applications Release 11 1-11
of several concurrent managers (also referred to as workers) running on the concurrent
processing server. The concurrent man ager p rocesses the requ est (wh ich m ay
involve calling another program , for examp le, or run ning Oracle Reports), and
generates log and outp ut files, wh ich are stored on the concurrent p rocessing server.
The Internal concurrent manager process monitors the database table for new
requests, controls the other concur rent man agers, and determines wh en a request
should be p rocessed an d wh ich concurrent m anager should carry it out.
Interaction with Forms Servers
Most of the time, the concurrent p rocessing servers only comm un icate directly with
the Release 11 database server. For examp le, all concur rent requ ests are entered and
controlled throu gh App lications forms, which upd ate informat ion in database
tables. These tables are then p olled on a regu lar basis by the Internal concur rent
manager process.
Occasionally, however, the forms servers m ay need to commun icate d irectly with
the concurrent processing servers. This may be necessary to retrieve reports for
on-line viewing, or to run a program that return s its results to the App lications user
interactively, rather than in the backgroun d. The forms server achieves this by using
Net8 to issue a Remote Procedu re Call (RPC) to the concurren t p rocessing server.
The concurrent processing server ru ns a N et8 Listener, which respond s to the
request by invoking an Oracle Applications executable, then retu rning th e results to
the forms server via Net8.
Although these connections with th e forms server are much less frequent th an
commu nications w ith the Release 11 database server, netw ork latency between the
concur rent processing server and forms server may result in App lications data
being returned more slowly to Applications users. This may, therefore, have an
impact on how you d ecide to d istribute and configure the servers on your d atabase
tier with respect to those on the ap plication tier.
Network Traffic and OptimizationOracle Applications Release 11 operates efficiently over a Wide Area Netw ork
(WAN ) or dial-up connection. Only one netw ork round -trip is needed between the
Additional Information: Overview of Concurren t Processing,
Oracle Applications Systems Administrator’s Guide
Additional Information: Set Up the Report Review Agent, Oracle
Applications Installation
Network Traffic and Optimization
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 26/106
Network Traffic and Optimization
1-12 Oracle Applications Architecture
forms server and desktop client for field nav igation, and only a few round-trips are
needed to change forms.
Forms Server and Forms Client AppletThe Forms client ap plet han dles all screen and local data man agemen t d irectly,
without contacting the forms server. Such op erations as scrolling th rough records,
moving between w indows, or typing characters in a field produ ce no netw ork
traffic at all. In contrast to block-mod e clients, the Forms client ap plet also knows
wh at user interface operations can benefit from immediate contact with the forms
server—for example, entering d ata in a validated field.
When an end user tabs out of a validated field or performs some other action that
requires an imm ediate response, the Forms client app let sends a single message to
the forms server that d escribes the event in shorthand form—for examp le, "John
Proctor entered in N ame field" or "list of values bu tton clicked." The forms server
replies with a single message that conveys all of the changes that n eed to be m ade
in the u ser interface to convey a full and complete response to th is event, again in
shorthan d form. Depend ing on the situa tion, the response might consist of changing values in other fields displayed on screen, popp ing up a dialog box that
presents a choice of valid en tries for the field, m aking new UI elements app ear and
old ones d isappear, or relaying an error message (or other ad vice) that requires
immed iate attention. This approach minimizes the number of network round trips
and redu ces bandw idth consump tion.
Performance ConsiderationsThere are several ways you can improve th e performan ce of the Oracle
App lications, depend ing on you r netw orking environment and server d istribution.
s Minimize netw ork latency between the forms servers and Release 11 database
server.
The majority of network exchange occur s between the app lication tier and the
database tier. We strongly recomm end that these comp onents of your netw ork
topology have the lowest-possible latency and h ighest-possible band wid thbetween them . For examp le, all forms servers and the Release 11 database
server should be installed on the same subnet, and should commu nicate with
one another u sing a high-speed n etwork connection.
Network Traffic and Optimization
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 27/106
Network Traffic and Optimization
Oracle Applications Release 11 1-13
s Minimize netw ork latency between concurrent processing servers and Release
11 database server.
Concurrent p rograms are typically very data-intensive, and can generate heavy
netw ork tr affic to and from the Release 11 database server. Because th ese jobs
are intended to ru n as backgroun d ta sks, this traffic is not optimized for
operation over w ide-area networks. However, depend ing on the volume and
frequen cy of requests you hand le in your en vironmen t, you may be able to cope
with minor am oun ts of netw ork latency here, as it will not be perceived by
App lications users as an interrup tion or delay in their interactive operation.
This does not ap ply to traffic betw een the forms server and Release 11 databaseserver, as indicated previously.
s Use load balancing to evenly distribute connections amon g mu ltiple forms
servers.
Developer/ 2000 provides a load balancing feature that allows you to
dyn amically balance load among mu ltiple forms servers running Oracle Forms
Server.
s Down load Java archive files from a local file server w hen connecting over slow
or wide-area networks.
Netw ork traffic requirements between d esktop clients and the forms servers are
considerably smaller, since only changes in the grap hical user interface are
transm itted once the Forms Java applet is down loaded at startu p. This initial
startup time can be improved w hen connecting over slow or wid e-area
netw orks by having the d esktop clients dow nload the Java archive files from a
local file server rather than the ap plication server. This avoids h aving each u ser
dow nload th e app let over the WAN w hen a new version is released. See Modify
the Initial HTML Signon File in Chap ter 4 of Oracle Applications Installation for
details on how to configure th is.
s Pin stored p ackages in your Oracle8 System Global Area.
This prevent s your SGA from becoming fragmented and affecting p erformance.
Additional Information: Setting Up Load Balancing, Oracle
Developer/2000 Release 1.6.1: Deploying Applications on the Web
Additional Information: Chapter 4, Oracle Applications Installation
Additional Information: Chapter 4, Oracle Applications Installation
New Functionality
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 28/106
y
1-14 Oracle Applications Architecture
New Functionality
Although the und erlying architecture differs, Release 11 includ es all thefunctionality of Release 10 SmartClient. This section h ighlights some features that
are new in Release 11 or that op erate differently than in Release 10 and
Release 10SC. Refer to the Product Update Notes for specific information about each
prod uct’s new features.
Multiple Reporting Currencies
The Multiple Reporting Currencies (MRC) feature allows you to create, maintain,and report on accounting records at the transaction level in more than one
functional currency. You do this by defining one or m ore reporting sets of books, in
add ition to your prim ary set of books. In your report ing sets of books, you m aintain
records in a functional currency other th an you r p rimary functional currency. You
can set up as man y as eight reporting sets of books for each prim ary set of books.
Typ ically, you shou ld u se MRC if:
s you operate in a country with an unstable currency and you need toconcurren tly report your business in a hard currency.
s your comp any is multinational, and you need to repor t financial
information in a comm on functional cur rency other than that of the
transaction or your prim ary functional currency.
s you operate in a coun try that is part of the Europ ean Monetary Un ion
(EMU), and you w ant to concurrently report in euro in p repara tion for the
single European currency.
AttachmentsIn Release 11, you can attach files of nearly any k ind—word processing,
spread sheet, image, aud io, and video—to records for subsequent viewing orretrieval. You can attach a scanned image to illustrate a prod uct record, for examp le,
or a Microsoft Word file w ith an embed ded Microsoft Excel spreadsheet to justify a
pu rchase order. When opened , attached files are sent to the desktop clients w eb
browser, wh ich d isplays them u sing the helper ap plication for that MIME type.
Attachments can either be files accessible from the w eb, which are attached using
their URL, or files on the local file system, w hich Oracle App lications upload s and
stores on th e Release 11 database server.
Additional Information: Multiple Reporting Currencies in Chapter
3 of this manua l
New Functionality
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 29/106
Oracle Applications Release 11 1-15
Spreadsheet Export
You can export the contents of customizable, auto-querying folders and othermu lti-record regions directly to a spread sheet program . When op ening the
spreadsheet, the w eb browser uses the spreadsheet program set up as the helper
app lication for this mim e type.
Context-sensitive HelpRelease 11 help text is in H TML format. The help text is displayed in th e desktop
client’s web browser as context-sensitive help when you click the help bu tton
(represented as a question mark) on any Oracle App lications screen. Or, you can use
the Oracle Information N avigator (OIN) wh ere indicated to perform Full-Text
Search on the d ocumentation library.
Report ReviewOracle App lications uses a tool called the Report Review Agent to view concurrent
processing files online. This utility is on the concur rent p rocessing server an d uses
Net8 to transfer files from the concur rent p rocessing server to the forms server. It
then transm its the file contents—one page at a time or in its entirety—to the
desktop client. The forms server send s reports to the client web brow ser for online
viewing in either u nformatted text, HTML, Adobe Acrobat format, or PostScriptformat.
Oracle PayrollFull installations of Oracle Payroll w ere not supp orted in earlier Oracle
Applications releases. Oracle Payroll can be fully installed in Release 11.
Additional Information: Document Update section, Oracle
Applications User’s Guide (HTML version only)
Additional Information: Oracle A pplications User’s Guide
Additional Information: Chapter 4, Oracle Applications Installation
New Functionality
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 30/106
1-16 Oracle Applications Architecture
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 31/106
System Components 2-1
2System Components
This chapter explains the basic Oracle Ap plications software components. You can
find information on th e following top ics:
s Release 11 Products and Produ ct Families
s Underlying System Comp onents
Release 11 Products and Product FamiliesThe following table lists the nam es, abbreviations, and TOP env ironment variables
of products includ ed in Release 11.
Note: In Release 11, all Oracle App lications p roducts are at release
level 11.0.28.
Table 2–1 Release 11 Products
Oracle Applications Product Abbreviation Environment Setting
DateTrack dt DT_TOP
FastFormula ff FF_TOP
Global Accounting Engine ax AX_TOP
Oracle Alert alr ALR_TOP
Oracle Applications Implementation Wizard az AZ_TOP
Oracle Application Object Library fnd FND_TOP
Oracle Applications DBA ad AD_TOP
Release 11 Products and Product Families
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 32/106
2-2 Oracle Applications Architecture
Oracle Applications Utilities au AU_TOP
Oracle Assets fa FA_TOP
Oracle Automotive veh VEH_TOP
Oracle Bills of Material bom BOM_TOP
Oracle Capacity crp CRP_TOP
Oracle Cash Management ce CE_TOP
Oracle Common Modules ak AK_TOP
Oracle Cost Management cst BOM_TOP
Oracle EDI Gateway ec EC_TOP
Oracle Engineering eng ENG_TOP
Oracle Financials for Asia/ Pacific ja JA_TOP
Oracle Financials for Europe je JE_TOP
Oracle Financials for Latin America jl JL_TOP
Oracle Flow Manufacturing flm FLM_TOP
Oracle General Ledger gl GL_TOP
Oracle Human Resources per PER_TOP
Oracle Inventory inv INV_TOP
Oracle Master Scheduling/ MRP mrp MRP_TOP
Oracle Order Entry/ Shipping oe OE_TOP
Oracle Payables ap AP_TOP
Oracle Payroll pay PAY_TOP
Oracle Product Configurator cz BOM_TOP
Oracle Projects pa PA_TOP
Oracle Project Manufacturing pjm PJM_TOP
Oracle Public Sector General Ledger gl GL_TOP
Oracle Public Sector Payables ap AP_TOP
Oracle Public Sector Purchasing po PO_TOP
Table 2–1 Release 11 Products
Oracle Applications Product Abbreviation Environment Setting
Release 11 Products and Product Families
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 33/106
System Components 2-3
Product FamiliesOracle App lications are group ed into several families of produ cts. These families
work together, rely on common un derlying compon ents, or have similar ind ustry
uses.
Oracle Public Sector Receivables ar AR_TOP
Oracle Purchasing po PO_TOP
Oracle Quality qa QA_TOP
Oracle Receivables ar AR_TOP
Oracle Release Management rla RLA_TOP
Oracle Application Report Generator rg RG_TOP
Oracle Sales and Marketing as AS_TOP
Oracle Sales Compensation cn CN_TOP
Oracle Self-Service Web Applications icx ICX_TOP
Oracle Service cs CS_TOP
Oracle SSP/ SMP ssp SSP_TOP
Oracle Supplier Scheduling chv PO_TOP
Oracle Supply Chain Planning msc MSC_TOP
Oracle Time Management hxt HXT_TOP
Oracle Training ota OTA_TOP
Oracle U.S. Federal Human Resources ghr GHR_TOP
Oracle Work in Process wip WIP_TOP
Regional Localizations jg JG_TOP
Table 2–1 Release 11 Products
Oracle Applications Product Abbreviation Environment Setting
Release 11 Products and Product Families
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 34/106
2-4 Oracle Applications Architecture
Figure 2–1 Oracle Applications Product Families and Products
Oracle Business Productivity
Oracle Applications DBA
Oracle Application Object Library
Oracle Alert
Oracle Applications Implementation Wizard
Oracle Workflow
Oracle Distribution
Oracle Inventory
Oracle Order Entry/Shipping
Oracle Product Configurator
Oracle Purchasing
Oracle Service
Oracle Supply Chain Planning
Oracle Supplier Scheduling
Oracle Financials
Global Accounting Engine
Oracle Applications Report Generator
Oracle Assets
Oracle Cash Management
Oracle General Ledger
Oracle Payables
Oracle Receivables
Oracle Public Sector Financials
Oracle Public Sector Receivables
Oracle Public Sector General Ledger
Oracle Public Sector Payables
Oracle Public Sector Purchasing
Oracle Human ResourcesManagement Systems
DateTrack
FastFormula
Oracle U.S. Federal Human Resources
Oracle Human Resources
Oracle Payroll
Oracle Statutory Sick Pay/Statutory Maternity Pay
Oracle Time Management
Oracle Training
Oracle Manufacturing
Oracle Bills of MaterialOracle Capacity
Oracle Cost Management
Oracle Common Modules (AK)
Oracle EDI Gateway
Oracle Engineering
Oracle Flow Manufacturing
Oracle Master Scheduling
Oracle Material Requirements Planning
Oracle Project Manufacturing
Oracle Quality
Oracle Work in Process
Oracle Marketing Management
Oracle Financial Analyzer
Oracle Sales and Marketing
Oracle Sales Analyzer
Oracle Sales Compensation
Oracle Projects
Oracle Project Billing
Oracle Project Costing
Oracle Activity Management Gateway
Oracle Self-Service Web Applications
Oracle Web Customers
Oracle Web Employees
Oracle Web Suppliers
Oracle Vertical Applications
Oracle Automotive
Oracle Release Management
Release 11 Products and Product Families
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 35/106
System Components 2-5
Oracle Alert
Oracle Alert is installed au tomatically und er the Oracle App lication Object LibraryORACLE database schema. Oracle Alert notification and expense p rocesses are both
sup ported . You can use Oracle Alert on N T with Microsoft Exchange or another
MAPI-compliant m ail system. Please refer to the Release Notes for a list of sup ported
MAPI-compliant m ail systems.
Oracle Human Resource Management SystemsFastFormu la and DateTrack are available as dependent p rodu cts only. These
prod ucts must be installed in the same ORACLE schema as Oracle Hum an
Resources and Oracle Payroll. The d efault u ser ID for this p rodu ct family is
HR/ HR. You can, how ever, install other HRMS prod ucts in their ow n ORACLE
database schemas.
Oracle Manufacturing
Oracle Manufacturing refers to the prod uct family listed in Figure 2–1. Oracle
Inventory provides the basic Oracle Cost Management functionality. Oracle Bills of
Material and Oracle Work in Process provide the remaining functionality. Oracle
Cost Management, therefore, does not show up on the Au toInstall screens as a
separate prod uct that you can install.
Oracle Projects
Oracle Projects consists of either Oracle Project Billing or Oracle Project Costing .When you choose to install Oracle Projects, AutoInstall promp ts you to choose the
Billing or the Costing produ ct. When you install Oracle Project Billing, you
au tomatically get Oracle Project Costing as well.
System IssuesThis section d iscusses installation issues and restrictions for Oracle Ap plications
systems in general.
Required Products
Each Oracle Applications installation requires the following prod ucts:
s Oracle Application Object Library
Provides the common functions for Oracle Applications prod ucts.
Additional Information: Oracle A lert User’s Guide
Release 11 Products and Product Families
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 36/106
2-6 Oracle Applications Architecture
s Oracle Alert
Provides shared messaging and alert functionality. It is installed au tomaticallyas a shared prod uct. To use th e functionality of Oracle Alert, you mu st select it
to be fully installed.
s Oracle Applications DBA
Provides program s that let you install, up grad e, administer, and maintain an
Oracle App lications system. It is installed au tomat ically as a shared p rodu ct
only.
s Oracle Applications Utilities
Includ es shared PL/ SQL resources (includ ing PL/ SQL libraries, graphics, and
forms) used by all Oracle Applications p rodu cts. AutoInstall copies these
shared resou rces autom atically from other prod uct directories.
When you estimate required system resources, be sure that you have enough disk
space for these produ cts as well as for all other Oracle App lications prod ucts you
have licensed.
Full Product Installations Required
In add ition, some Oracle App lications prod ucts require full installations of other
prod ucts. AutoInstall autom atically sets the required p rodu cts to install as
necessary. For examp le, Table 2–2 show s that you mu st install Oracle Inventory
fully in ord er to install Oracle Bills of Material fully. When you choose to install
Oracle Bills of Material fu lly, AutoInstall sets Oracle Inventory to insta ll fully.
Table 2–2 Full Product Installation Requirements
A full installation of this product... Requires full installations of these products...
Oracle Bills of Material Oracle Inventory
Oracle Capacity Oracle Bills of Material, Oracle Inventory, OracleMaster Schedu ling/ MRP
Oracle Engineering Oracle Bills of Material, Oracle Inventory
Oracle Flow Manufactu ring Oracle Bills of Mater ial, Oracle Inven tory
Oracle General Ledger Oracle Report Generator
Oracle Master Scheduling/ MRP Oracle Bills of Material, Oracle Inventory
Oracle Order Entry/ Shipping Oracle Inventory, Oracle Receivables
Oracle Payroll Oracle Human Resources
Release 11 Products and Product Families
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 37/106
System Components 2-7
Dependent ProductsAutoInstall installs all objects and seed d ata for all Oracle Applications p rodu cts
(except JA, JE, and JL) in your d atabase, regardless of wheth er you have licensed the
product.
In addition, the Oracle App lications prod ucts you license for full installation m ay
require prod uct file comp onents from dependent (also called shared ) prod ucts. For
example, Oracle Purchasing u ses prod uct file components of Oracle Payables. This
makes Oracle Payables a dep endent p rodu ct of Oracle Purchasing. If you fullyinstall Oracle Purchasing bu t n ot Oracle Payables, Oracle Payables is installed
autom atically as a d ependent p roduct.
A depend ent prod uct installation includ es only the product files needed by your
combination of fully installed prod ucts. In the example in the previous pa ragrap h,
the Oracle Payables dep endent p rodu ct installation includes only the files needed
by Oracle Purchasing.
Oracle Product Configurator Oracle Bills of Material, Oracle Inventory, OracleOrd er Entry/ Shipping, Oracle Receivables
Oracle Report Generator Oracle General Ledger
Oracle Quality Oracle Inventory
Oracle Release Management Oracle EDI Gateway, Oracle Inventory, OracleMaster Schedu ling/ MRP, Oracle Ord er
Entry/ Shipping, Oracle Receivables
Oracle Sales Com pensation Oracle General Led ger
Oracle Service Oracle Order Entry/ Shipping
Oracle SSP/ SMP Oracle Human Resources
Oracle Supplier Schedu ling Oracle Purchasing
Oracle Supply Chain Planning Oracle Bills of Material, Oracle Inventory, Oracle
Master Scheduling/ MRP
Oracle Tim e Man agem ent Oracle H um an Resou rces, Oracle Payroll
Oracle U.S. Federal Hu manResources
Oracle Human Resources
Oracle Work in Process Oracle Bills of Material, Oracle In ventory
Table 2–2 Full Product Installation Requirements
A full installation of this product... Requires full installations of these products...
Underlying System Components
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 38/106
2-8 Oracle Applications Architecture
Before you install an Oracle App lications system, you n eed to verify that you have
enough d atabase spa ce for all database objects for all Oracle App lications. Also
verify that you have enough produ ct file disk space for dep endent p roducts as wellas for fully installed p rodu cts. Oracle Applications Installation lists the d isk space
required for d ependent p roducts.
Localizations
Localizations are mod ules that extend O racle App lications to meet the u nique
business requiremen ts of one or m ore geograph ic regions. Localizations are
different from custom izations, which are created to m eet the uniqu e requirements of a specific site.
Release 11 has four localization m odu le sets:
s Asia/ Pacific
s Europe
s Latin Am erica
s Regional
Each localization m odu le contains forms, reports, seed d ata, and database objects
for use with Oracle App lications in that region. By default Au toInstall does not
select localizations for installat ion. You select the localization modules to ins tall.
Oracle Applications Language TranslationsOracle App lications is ava ilable in several langu ages. When you license Oracle
App lications in a language other than Am erican English, you receive an add itional
CD that contains translated forms, reports, seed d ata, help text, and messages.
Oracle Applications NLS Installation Guide includ es information on how to install
Oracle App lications in any of the supported languages.
Underlying System ComponentsThis section explains wh at you need to know about th e operating system, the
Oracle8 Server, and the Oracle tools to install or u pgrade Oracle App lications.
Additional Information: Localization Directories in Chap ter 4 of
this manu al
Additional Information: Language Directory Structure inChapter 4 of this manual
Underlying System Components
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 39/106
System Components 2-9
Windows NT Operating System
Running the Au toInstall program requires a minimum knowledge of the WindowsNT operating system. Preparing for and finishing an installation or upgrad e
requires a more extensive knowledge of the operating system , however. At a
minimu m, you should know h ow to do the following:
s start Wind ows N T and N T Services
s create Wind ows NT user accoun ts
s navigate and run comm ands at the comm and p rompt
s create directories
s edit a file with a text editor
s determ ine the amou nt of available real memory and file system d isk space
Oracle8 Server
Oracle App lications Release 11 uses Oracle8 Enterpr ise Edition Release 8.0.4 (orlater versions that are certified for compat ibility) to store and up date Oracle
App lications data. Your site needs a d atabase adm inistrator who has access to the
ORACLE SYS and SYSTEM accounts. The database ad ministrator must be able to
do th e following:
s create a da tabase
s create a control file
s set database initialization param eters
s shut dow n and restart a database
s create and size tablespaces and rollback segmen ts
s export and import a d atabase
The Oracle8 Server docum entation explains how to set up and adm inister a
database.
Oracle ToolsUsers of Oracle App lications d o not u se the Oracle tools directly. The tools form the
technology stack upon wh ich Oracle Applications runs, and specific versions of
Additional Information: Oracle8 Concepts an d Oracle8
Administrator’s Guide
Underlying System Components
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 40/106
2-10 Oracle Applications Architecture
these tools are certified for use w ith Release 11. The tools mu st be installed and
run ning before you install Oracle App lications. As the tools are interrelated, only
certain combinations of versions are sup ported .
WARNING: Review the Release Notes, check MetaLink, or
contact Oracle Support Services to find out w hich other
combinations of tool versions are certified w ith Oracle
Applications.
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 41/106
Data Model 3-1
3Data Model
This chap ter d escribes the Oracle App lications da ta m odel. It includes a d iscussion
of the following topics:
s Basic Data Mod el
s Multiple Organization (Multi-Org) Architecture
s Multiple Reporting Currencies
s Multiple Sets of Book s
s Oracle8 Server Organization an d Requirements
Basic Data Model
Each installation of Oracle App lications p rodu ct schemas, along with a singleOracle App lication Object Library schema, defines a prod uct group. Each p rodu ct
group can contain any nu mber of Oracle App lications produ cts in add ition to
Oracle App lication Object Library.
Product GroupsIn Release 11, you can have only on e prod uct group in each d atabase. Figure 3–1
illustrates tw o identical produ ct groups installed in sep arate databases. Because theprod ucts reside in separate da tabases, they can use the sam e ORACLE schema
nam es. The schema nam es are shown here as the d efault nam es GL, PO, AP, and
APPLSYS. The p rodu cts installed in each d atabase d o not have access to the da ta of
prod ucts installed in an other database. For example, PO installed in Database 1
cannot access the d ata from AP installed in Database 2.
Basic Data Model
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 42/106
3-2 Oracle Applications Architecture
Figure 3–1 Multiple Product Groups in Separate Databases
ORACLE User IDsEach Oracle App lications prod uct has a default ORACLE user ID that uses the
prod uct abbreviation as both the schema name and p assword . For example, The
default ORACLE user ID for Oracle General Ledger is GL/ GL.
A prod uct’s schema d etermines the ow nership of the p rodu ct’s data objects, such as
sequences, tables, and indexes. If two p rodu cts are installed u nd er the same
schema, that schema own s the data objects for both produ cts.
Attention: We recomm end you d o not change the d efault
username d uring installation, but you should change the p assword.
Product Group 1
Oracle General Ledger(GL)
Database 1
Oracle Purchasing(PO)
Oracle Payables(AP)
APPS Schema
Product Group 2
Oracle General Ledger(GL)
Database 2
Oracle Purchasing(PO)
Oracle Payables(AP)
APPS Schema
Oracle Application ObjectLibrary
(APLSYS)
Oracle Application ObjectLibrary
(APPLSYS)
Basic Data Model
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 43/106
Data Model 3-3
Since a prod uct’s data objects are created in their ow n schema (such as the GL
schema) and the u ser accesses all data objects through the APPS schem a,
AutoInstall creates the necessary grants and synonym s between the schemas.
A p rodu ct’s data objects can be installed in a ny tab lespace regardless of whether it
shares a schema with another p roduct.
APPS SchemaThe APPS schema is an ORACLE schema that has access to the comp lete Oracle
App lications d ata m odel. It is analogous to the SYSTEM schema, w hich has accessto the entire d atabase. The APPS schema d ramatically simplifies and redu ces the
time of the installation p rocess and the stability of up grad es.
Oracle Applications respon sibilities connect to an APPS schema. Au toInstall
au tomat ically sets the FNDNAM environmen t setting to the nam e of the APPS
schema.
APPS and Base Product SchemasAutoInstall creates one schema for each prod uct—a base produ ct schema—which
owns the d ata objects, and one schema—APPS—which own s the code objects and
has access to all data objects. There is one APPS schema for every prod uct
installation group . The following code objects are installed in each APPS schema:
s Views
s Packages
s Procedures
s Functions
s Triggers
The following objects are installed in the base prod uct schemas:
s Tables
s Sequences
s Indexes
s Constraints
In add ition, there are grants from the tables and sequences to the APPS schema, as
well as synonyms from the APPS schema to th ose objects.
Basic Data Model
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 44/106
3-4 Oracle Applications Architecture
Figure 3–2 APPS Schema and Base Product Schemas
APPS Schema Benefits
The APPS schema redu ces the time need ed for and improves the reliability of
installation, upgrade, and p atching by eliminat ing the need for cross-prod uct grants
and synonyms.
In Release 10.5 (and earlier), you used an Oracle Applications prod uct throu gh the
base p rodu ct schema. All Oracle Inventory responsibilities, for example, connected
to the Oracle Inven tory schema (like INV). In ord er to u se functionality in another
prod uct, such as pu rchase orders in Oracle Purchasing, the cur rent schema needed
access to the shared prod uct’s objects. This access w as accomp lished by gran ts and
synonyms.
For examp le, the PO schema granted access on PO_HEADERS to the INV schema
and the INV schema created a synonym called PO_HEADERS to PO.PO_
HEADERS. The synonym allowed object reference withou t th e necessity of
qualifying it by schema. So, by using the INV schema, you could execute a ll
functions necessary to use Oracle Inventory, including those that u sed comp onents
outside the INV schema. Similarly, you w ould connect to the Oracle Payables or
Oracle General Ledger p rodu ct schemas when using those products’responsibilities.
This architecture, however, required a complex and extensive set of grants from an d
synonym s to objects in other p rodu cts’ schemas. Utilizing one schema th at has
access to all objects eliminates these cross-prod uct dep end encies and creates a
hub-and-spokes mod el rather than a spider w eb.
GL
GL tablesGL indexesGL sequences
INVINV tablesINV indexesINV sequences
APAP tablesAP indexesAP sequences
FND tablesFND indexesFND sequences
APPLSYS
ALR tablesALR indexesALR sequences
AD tablesAD indexesAD sequences
GL packagesGL viewsGL proceduresGL functionsGL triggers
INV packagesINV viewsINV proceduresINV functionsINV triggers
AP packagesAP viewsAP proceduresAP functionsAP triggers
FND code objectsALR code objectsAD code objects
APPS.
..etc.
Various grants and synonyms
Basic Data Model
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 45/106
Data Model 3-5
How AutoInstall Creates APPS Schemas
AutoInstall performs these steps to create and m aintain the APPS schemas:1. Creates the APPS schema or schemas.
AutoInstall creates one APPS schema per product installation group u sing the
following nam ing conventions:
s If the FN D schema is nam ed A PPLSYS, the first APPS schem a w ill be
nam ed APPS. Subsequ ent APPS schemas w ill be nam ed APPS<install
group num ber>, like APPS2, APPS3, and so on .
s If the FND schema is not named APPLSYS, the first APPS schem a will be
nam ed APPS_<FND schema name>. Subsequ ent APPS schemas will be
nam ed APPS<install group nu mber>_<FND schema name>. For example,
if the FND schema is named APPLMGR, then th e first, second an d third
APPS schem as are nam ed APPS_APPLMGR, APPS2_APPLMGR and
APPS3_APPLMGR.
2. Maintains the APPS schema or schemas au tomat ically.
AutoInstall grants p rivileges to and creates synonym s in the APPS schem a(s)
for the base p roduct objects, and creates code objects in the APPS schema(s).
3. Registers the APPS schemas.
Each Oracle App lications schema is listed in the FND_ORACLE_USERID table.
This table describes the schemas that currently exist in the database for Oracle
App lications u se. AutoInstall registers each APPS schema by creating entr ies in
this table.
4. Associates each data grou p u nit with th e appropriate APPS schema.
Data group un its map app lications to ORACLE schemas for a data group
(which is used by a responsibility). AutoInstall sets the ORACLE schema for
each Oracle Application to the app ropriate APPS schema, so that Oracle
App lications run from an APPS schema instead of from a base prod uct schema.
5.During an u pgrade, AutoInstall changes the APPS schema passw ord.When u pgrading , Au toInstall automatically sets each APPS schema password
to match the FND schema password.
Basic Data Model
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 46/106
3-6 Oracle Applications Architecture
Localizations ObjectsA localization mod ule may include n ew database objects. If a mod ule is for one
Oracle App lications p rodu ct, the database objects may be installed in the prod uct’s
base schema or in the app ropriate region’s schema, such as in the JE schema or JA
schema. Add itional space should be mad e in the table and ind ex tablespaces for
these d atabase objects.
By d efault, Au toInsta ll creates an ORACLE schem a for JG (Regional Localizations).
It creates JE, JL, or JA schem as only if you install European, Latin Am erica, or
Asia/ Pacific localization s, respectively.
Custom Schema AccessIn some circumstances you may w ish to create a schem a that h as limited or
read-only access to Oracle App lications data. You may d o this so your u sers can
query Oracle App lications using a d ata qu ery tool like SQL*Plus.
Grant access on objects to the u ser schema from th e APPS schema, not from a base
produ ct schema.
Data AccessSome Oracle Applications views access PL/ SQL packages or functions. The valu e
returned by a package or function may depend on w hether it is accessed from the
Oracle App lications environmen t. Therefore, the values return ed by an Oracle
Warning: If you change the FND schema passw ord after theinstallation or upgrade, you must also change each APPS schema
passw ord to match it.
Warning: Since the APPS schem a has all privileges to all Oracle
Appl ications objects, you should not give users direct access to
the APPS schema.
Note: You may need to re-grant access if the und erlying object is
dropp ed and recreated.
Multiple Organization (Multi-Org) Architecture
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 47/106
Data Model 3-7
App lications view may be different from the values returned by connecting d irectly
to the same Oracle App lications schema.
Oracle App lications forms and concurren t program s always access database objects
from within the O racle Applications env ironment. If you u se a tool like SQL*Plus to
connect directly to an Oracle App lications schema, the values return ed by the view
throu gh SQL*Plus may be d ifferent from those returned by an Oracle Applications
form or concur rent program . For example, when accessed within the Oracle
App lications environm ent, some v iews reference profile options at different levels.
When accessed d irectly from SQL*Plus, views reference only the site-level value of
the p rofile option.
Multiple Organization (Multi-Org) ArchitectureMultiple Organization architecture d etermines how transactions flow throu gh
different organizations in Oracle App lications and how those organizations interact
with each other.
OverviewNew sites use the Multiple Organization architecture rather than th e old Multiple
Sets of Books architecture. This means that you use a single installation of any
Oracle Applications prod uct to supp ort any nu mber of organizations, even if those
organizations u se different sets of books.
You define multiple organizations and their relationships. These organizations can
be sets of books, business group s, legal entities, operating u nits, or inventoryorganizations.
When you run any Oracle App lications prod uct, you first choose an
organ ization—either im plicitly by choosing a respon sibility, or explicitly in a
Choose Organization wind ow. Each form and report d isplays information only for
your organization.
It is important that you und erstand these terms as you w ork with Multi-Org
architecture:Set of Books A financia l repor ting entity that uses a par ticu lar char t of
accoun ts, fun ctional currency, and accoun ting calend ar. Oracle
General Ledger secures transaction information (journ al
entries, balances) by set of books. When you use Oracle
General Ledger, you choose a respon sibility that specifies a set
of books. You then see information on ly for that set of books.
Multiple Organization (Multi-Org) Architecture
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 48/106
3-8 Oracle Applications Architecture
A single product installation grou p a rchitecture is used by Multi-Org, or if you do
not u se the old Multiple Sets of Books architecture. There is one APPS schema and asingle schema for each product.
Figure 3–3 Single Product Installation Group
Partitioned ObjectsTables that contain Mu lti-Org data have the suffix "_ALL" in the table nam e. These
tables include a colum n called O RG_ID that partitions Multi-Org d ata by
organization.
Every Multi-Org table has a correspond ing view that p artitions the table’s data by
operating u nit. Multi-Org views partition data by includ ing a DECODE statement
on the interna l variable CLIENT_INFO. CLIENT_INFO is similar in operation to thevariable LANGUAGE, which returns the langu age of the current session, and is set
by the security system to th e operating u nit designated for the responsibility.
SO_HEADERS_ALL, with its corresp ond ing v iew SO_HEADERS, is an exam ple of
a Mu lti-Org p artitioned object.
Operating Unit An organization that uses Order Entry, Oracle Payables,
Oracle Purchasing , or Oracle Receivables. It may be a sales
office, a division, or a d epartm ent. An op erating un it isassociated w ith a legal entity. Information is secured by
operating u nit for these app lications; each user sees
information only for their operating u nit. To run any of these
app lications, you choose a responsibility associated w ith an
organization classified as an operating u nit.
Additional Information: Technical O verview, Multiple
Organizations in Oracle Applications
APPLSYS
AP
AR
INVGL
APPS
Multiple Reporting Currencies
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 49/106
Data Model 3-9
Changes from Release 10.6
For a fresh install, the data m odel is identical wh ether you implement Multi-Org ornot . Tables that contain Mu lti-Org par titioned data u se the suffix "_ALL". When you
up grad e, tables are renam ed to u se this suffix.
Multi-Org views pa rtition data using CLIENT_INFO. These views a re incorporated
into the normal install and use p redefined text. Previously, the text of the views w as
created dynam ically based upon the site’s configuration.
In Release 10.6, operating un it schemas w ere necessary to p artition data by
operating un it. Release 10.6 Multi-Org views incorporated a DECODE statementbased u pon the name of the schema. Beginning w ith Release 10.7, Multi-Org views
use a DECODE statement based upon CLIENT_INFO. Therefore the Release 10.6
operating u nit schemas are now obsolete.
In Release 11, you use the AD Administration utility, adadmin.exe, to initially
convert seed data an d tran saction data to Mu lti-Org. The adadm in.exe utility does
not change the data mod el. When you create a new op erating un it, a concurrent
program ad ds the app ropriate seed data. You n o longer need to run adad min.exe
(as you d id in Release 10.6) after app lying any database patches to a Multi-Org
imp lementation, since the Mu lti-Org architecture is bu ilt into the u nd erlying
applications.
Multiple Reporting CurrenciesThe Multiple Reporting Cu rrencies (MRC) feature allows you to report and
maintain accoun ting records at the transaction level, in more than one functional
currency. You d o this by d efining one or m ore reporting sets of books, in add ition to
your p rimary set of books.
Additional Information: AD Administration Utility (adadm in.exe)
in Chap ter 5 of Oracle Applications Installation
Multiple Reporting Currencies
F ti l C i
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 50/106
3-10 Oracle Applications Architecture
Functional CurrenciesIn your reporting sets of books, you m aintain records in a functional currency other
than your p rimary functional currency.
You mu st define a separate set of books for each of your reporting functional
currencies. For each set of books you u se with MRC, you n eed to sp ecify wh ich isthe p rimary set of books and which are the reporting sets of books. You then assign
the reporting sets of books to the p rimary set of books. You mu st also define a
prim ary responsibility to correspond to your p rimary set of books, and a reporting
responsibility to correspond to each reporting set of books.
Setting Up the Primary ResponsibilityBefore you set up MRC, you need to prep are your d atabase, run the ad adm in.exe
program to validate and compile your APPS schema, and install the MRC schema.
Primary Functional
Currency
The cur rency you use to record transactions and m aintain
your accounting d ata w ithin Oracle App lications. The
prim ary functional currency is generally the currency in
which you perform most of your bu siness transactions and
the one you use for legal reporting.
Reporting Functional
Currency
A currency, other than you r p rimary functional currency, for
wh ich you n eed to report.
Primary Set of Books A financial reporting entity in which you conduct business.
The primary set of books uses a par ticular chart of accounts,
accoun ting calend ar, and functional cur rency (in the pr imary
set of books, the fun ctional currency is always the primary
functional cu rrency).
Reporting Set of Books A financial reporting entity that is associated w ith a primary
set of books. The reporting set of books has the sam e chart of accoun ts and accoun ting calend ar as the pr imary set of books,
but usu ally has a d ifferent functional currency. The repor ting
set of books allows you to report in a d ifferent functional
currency than tha t of your p rimary set of books.
Additional Information: Setup, Multiple Reporting Currencies in
Oracle Applications
Additional Information: Installing Mu ltiple Reporting Currencies,
Append ix A of Oracle Applications Installation
Multiple Reporting Currencies
Th i ibilit i li k d t th i t f b k d h ti
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 51/106
Data Model 3-11
The primary responsibility is linked to the p rimary set of books, and each reporting
responsibility is linked to a correspond ing reporting set of books. To create an
association between a reporting responsibility and a reporting set of books, you setthe p rofile options GL:Set of Books N am e and MRC:Report ing Set of Books to th e
reporting set of books name at th e responsibility level.
You assign the pr imary respon sibility to the Stand ard d ata group , and the reporting
responsibilities to the MRC data g roup . The data group determ ines the tables and
pr ivileges accessible by the associated responsibility. Data groups are used for the
following purposes:
s To iden tify the ORACLE schema u sed by a responsibility
s To tell the concurrent m anager w hich ORACLE schema to u se when run ning a
report or concurrent program
In your p rimary resp onsibility, the Stand ard d ata grou p connects the app lication
associated w ith the responsibility to the APPS database schem a. In a reporting
responsibility, the MRC data g roup connects the app lication associated with the
responsibility to the MRC database schema.
The default name of the MRC schema is APPS_MRC. If you r APPS schem a is
nam ed someth ing different than th e default nam e of APPS, your MRC schema will
be named according to the following format:
<name of your APPS schema>_MRC
Figure 3–4 MRC Set of Books, Responsibility, and Database Schema Setup
APPS_MRC SchemaAPPS Schema
Primary Set of Books
Chart of Accounts:
Currency:
Calendar:
Accounting
USD
Month
Reporting Set of Books
Chart of Accounts:
Currency:
Calendar:
Accounting
BEF
Month
Primary Responsibility
GroupStandard Data
Reporting Responsibility
GroupMRC Data
Multiple Reporting Currencies
MRC Architecture
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 52/106
3-12 Oracle Applications Architecture
MRC ArchitectureMRC is supported by the following Oracle App lications:
s General Ledger
s Assets
s Payables
s Receivables
s Purchasing
s Projects
For the subledgers that su pp ort MRC, each transaction table in the base schem a that
has currency-sensitive information, such as conversion rate and transaction amou nt,
now has an associated MRC sub-table. Each record in the base transaction table may
have on e or more MRC sub-table records, which contain currency-sensitive
information on the base transaction in each associated reporting currency. In th e
APPS schema, there are MRC views, wh ich p rovide report ing currency
representations of each base transaction table.
From th e APPS_MRC schema, the MRC synonym s that hav e nam es identical to the
corresponding APPS Multi-Org views (or synonym s for FA) point to these MRC
views in the APPS schema. When you view a tran saction in a repor ting
responsibility through these MRC synonym s and the MRC views they point to, you
see a transaction representation in the reporting currency associated w ith the
corresponding reporting set of books.
Attention: MRC can be u sed in a Release 11 installation even if
Multi-Org architecture or Mu ltiple Sets of Books architectu re is not
implemented.
Multiple Reporting Currencies
Figure 3–5 MRC Architecture
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 53/106
Data Model 3-13
Figure 3 5 MRC Architecture
MRC Sub-Tables
For the subledgers that sup port MRC, each tran saction table in the base schema tha t
has currency-sensitive information, such as conversion rate and transaction amou nt,
now has an associated MRC sub-table.
There is an op tional one-to-man y relationship between records in a base transaction
table and records in the correspond ing MRC sub-table. For each transaction record
in the base transaction table, there may be one or m ore correspond ing records in the
MRC sub-table. Each record is associated with a repor ting currency. The p rimary
key for an MRC sub-table is the combination of the pr imary key of the base
transaction table and the repor ting set of books ID.
GL
FA/PA
APPS_MRC
MRC Views
AP_INVOICES_MRC_V
Example:
MRC Transaction Tables
FA_BOOKS
Example:
j o i n
Multi-Org Views
AP_INVOICES
Example:
APPS Synonyms
Example:
GL_BALANCES
Synonyms/Views
Example:
FA_BOOKS
MRC Views
Example:
FA_BOOKS_MRC_V
MRC Synonyms
Example:
FA_BOOKS
Example:
GL_BALANCES
MRC Synonyms
AP_INVOICES
Example:
MRC Synonyms
GL Tables
Example:
GL_BALANCES
MRC Sub-Tables
Example:AP_MC_INVOICES
MRC Sub-Tables
Example:FA_MC_BOOKS
MRC Transaction Tables
AP_INVOICES_ALL
Example:
AP/AR/POAPPS
Multiple Reporting Currencies
Figure 3–6 Transaction Table and MRC Sub-Table
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 54/106
3-14 Oracle Applications Architecture
g
MRC Triggers
There are MRC database triggers associated with each base transaction table.
Whenever you insert, up da te, or delete records from the base transaction tables, the
MRC triggers perform the correspond ing d atabase action for the associated records
in the MRC sub-tables.
For examp le, when you enter an invoice in Oracle Payables, Payables inserts
records into AP_INVOICES_ALL and AP_INVOICE_DISTRIBUTIONS_ALL. When
Payables inserts these records, the database triggers in each of the tw o base
transaction tables execute and create reporting currency records in the MRC
sub-tables AP_MC_INVOICES and AP_MC_INVOICE_DISTS. See Multiple
Reporting Currencies in Oracle Applications for information about the MRC sub-tables
and their correspond ing produ cts.
MRC ViewsMRC views p rovide representations of transactions in each reporting currency. They
are created in the APPS schema. MRC views show information for only one set of
books at a given time. That is, these views retrieve information based on the
reporting set of books associated w ith the respon sibility to w hich the user is
currently logged on. When you sign on to a responsibility, Oracle Applications sets
the userenv variable based on the profile option MRC: Reporting Set of Books. This
variable value is used by the MRC views to show only the information associated
with you r reporting set of books.
MRC Views in Oracle Assets and Oracle Projects In Oracle Assets and Oracle Projects,
the MRC views are joined table views, wh ich consist of columns from th e base
transaction tables and the correspond ing MRC sub-tables. These views retrieve
currency-sensitive information from the MRC sub-tables for your reporting set of
books.
AP_INVOICES_ALL AP_MC_INVOICES
Base AP Schema
contains
associatedwith
Multiple Reporting Currencies
MRC Views in Oracle Payables, Oracle Receivables, and Oracle Purchasing For performance
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 55/106
Data Model 3-15
y , , g p
reasons, MRC views in Oracle Payables, Oracle Receivables, and Oracle Purchasing
are based on additional colum ns in the base transaction tables, instead of the MRCsub-tables. These columns consist of pairs of concatenated strings of the reporting
set of books ID and its correspond ing selected d ata. These colum ns are also
maintained by the MRC database triggers.
In the example, the column m rc_base_amou nt m ay contain information in the
following format:
<reporting set of books id1>accounted amount1<reporting set of books id2>
accounted amount2.....
For examp le:
<104>35.49<105>389.47....
The MRC views in Oracle Payables, Oracle Receivables, and Oracle Purchasing a re
single-table views bu ilt on top of base transaction tables. Based on the reporting
responsibility to w hich you are logged on, these views extract the currency-sensitive
information from the MRC VARCHAR2 colum ns for the reporting set of books.Using the examp le above, if you are currently in a reporting responsibility
associated w ith the rep orting set of books ID 105, the MRC view on top of AP_
INVOICES_ALL (that is, AP_INVOICES_MRC_V) will extract from the mrc_base_
amount column a base_amount of 389.47. See Multiple Reporting Currencies in Oracle
Applications for information abou t base transaction tables that use add itional
colum ns to store reporting currency information.
AP_INVOICES_ALL
invoice_id NUMBER(15)
set_of_books_id N UMBER(15)
invoice_date DATE
amount NUMBER
org_id NUMBER(15)
base_amount NUMBER
mrc_base_amount VARCHAR2(2000)
posted_flag VARCHAR2(1)
m rc_p osted _flag VARCH AR2(2000)
Multiple Sets of Books
Oracle Payables, Oracle Receivables, Oracle Purchasing, andOracle Projects have
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 56/106
3-16 Oracle Applications Architecture
Multi-Org views to perform d ata partitioning. These views, which reside in the
APPS schema, u se the information contained in the CLIENT_INFO internal va riableto determine the operating u nit. The MRC views give organization-specific and
currency-specific views of the transaction tables.
MRC Synonyms
From the APPS_MRC schema, the MRC synonyms, wh ich h ave nam es identical to
the correspond ing APPS Multi-Org views (or synonym s for FA), point to these MRC
views in the APPS schema. When you view a tran saction in a repor ting
responsibility through these MRC synonym s and the MRC views they point to, you
see the transaction represented in the reporting currency associated w ith the
corresponding reporting set of books.
General Ledger
Oracle General Ledger does n ot use MRC sub-tables to store, or MRC triggers to
create, reporting currency information. Primary and reporting journal entries are
created sep arately in the p rimary set of books and in each reporting set of books inthe base journ al tables. Synonyms are created identically in both the APPS and the
APPS_MRC schemas.
Oracle General Ledger and Oracle App lications modules that do not imp lement
MRC are also maintained un der the APPS_MRC schema. This is required tofacilitate the integration and dr illdow n from these mod ules to the Oracle subledgers
that su pp ort MRC in the reporting resp onsibilities.
Multiple Sets of BooksMultiple Sets of Books architectu re from earlier releases is not au tomatically
consolidated or converted to the Multiple Organ ization architecture. You can still
up grad e an existing Multiple Sets of Books imp lementation to Release 11 withou t
using Mu ltiple Organization architecture.
In earlier releases, a set of books defined a comp any or group of comp anies within
Oracle App lications that shared a comm on Accounting Flexfield structure, calendar,
and functional currency. Oracle Applications let you set up mu ltiple sets of books
that each had its own flexfield structures, calendars, and currencies.
Additional Information: Multiple Reporting Currencies in Oracle
Applications
Multiple Sets of Books
You set u p m ultiple sets of books by installing one p rodu ct group for each set of
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 57/106
Data Model 3-17
books. We implemented m ultiple sets of books within a single prod uct group
differently for d ifferent prod ucts. Some prod ucts, such as Oracle General Ledger,maintained m ultiple sets of books within one installation of their produ ct tables.
Others, such as Oracle Application Object Library, did not m aintain m ultiple sets of
books at all. We called these two classes of products SOA products (Single Oracle
Account ), because only a single copy of the d atabase objects is installed .
Other p rodu cts, such as Oracle Payables, mainta ined m ultiple sets of books using
mu ltiple installations of their prod uct tables. We called these MOA products
(Multiple Oracle Accoun t), because we installed m ultiple copies of the database
objects for these products—one copy for each set of books.
The #APPL_TOP#\ admin\ app lprod .txt file is a text file listing information for each
Oracle App lications produ ct. The app lprod .txt file contains, among oth er things, a
notation on w hether a p rodu ct requires multiple copies of the database objects. If
the line imm ediately after "Multiple prod uct installations for MSOB" begins w ith
Yes, the prod uct is an MOA produ ct and requ ires mu ltiple installations of the
prod uct tables. If the line begins with N o, the product is SOA.
If you up grad e a Mu ltiple Sets of Books implementation, each installation of
prod uct tables mu st be in a u nique ORACLE schema. For examp le, the Oracle
Payables tables for the first set of books may be installed in the AP schema, wh ile
the tables for the second set are installed in th e AP2 schema.
Figure 3–7 illustrates a prod uct group consisting of Oracle Application Object
Library, Oracle General Ledger, Oracle Purchasing, and Oracle Payables. The
prod ucts in this group , except for Oracle App lication Object Library, mainta in three
sets of books.
Note: Upgrad ing a Mu ltiple Sets of Books imp lementation
requ ires a considerable amount of free SYSTEM tablesp ace.
Suggestion: Multiple Sets of Books architecture w ill not be
supported in futu re releases. Contact Oracle Consulting Servicesbefore upgrading Multiple Sets of Books architecture or convert-
ing to Multi-Org architecture.
Multiple Sets of Books
Figure 3–7 Multiple Sets of Books Architecture
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 58/106
3-18 Oracle Applications Architecture
Multiple Product Installation Groups and Multiple Sets of BooksThe multiple prod uct installation group architecture w as used w ith Multiple Sets of
Books architecture in earlier releases to implement m ultiple sets of books
accounting functionality.
Previously you would install multiple copies of the same prod uct (say Oracle
Receivables), each in a d ifferent ORACLE schema (for instan ce AR and AR2), in
order to partition the prod uct’s data by set of books.
Some p rodu cts, such as GL and APPLSYS, only needed on e prod uct install no
mat ter how m any sets of books you maintained . But m ost produ cts required
mu ltiple installs. There was one APPS schem a as well for each set of books.
Book 1
Book 2
Book 3
Book 1
Book 2
Book 3
Book 1
Book 2
Book 3
Oracle Application Object Library
APPLSYS
Oracle General Ledger
GL
Oracle Purchasing
PO
Oracle Purchasing
PO2
Oracle Purchasing
PO3
Oracle Payables
AP
Oracle Payables
AP2
Oracle Payables
AP3
Oracle8 Server Organization and Requirements
Figure 3–8 Multiple Product Installation Groups
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 59/106
Data Model 3-19
Figure 3–8 illustrates a m ultiple prod uct installation group architecture for two sets
of books. There were two APPS schemas, two INV schemas, two AR schemas and
tw o AP schemas. The APPLSYS schema, like the GL schema, was installed on ly
once.
With MSOB mu ltiple produ ct installation groups, it was difficult to have
cross-product or cross-set of books functionality. With the installation shown in
Figure 3–8, it wou ld be d ifficult to view all inventory items in all sets of books.
Although a global view incorporating d ata from mu ltiple sets of books was
possible, it tend ed to be inefficient and comp lex. Beginn ing w ith Release 10.6,
Multiple Organ ization architecture resolved this problem.
Oracle8 Server Organization and RequirementsThis section d iscusses how to set up an Oracle8 Enterp rise Edition d atabase for use
with Oracle Applications. It provid es recomm endations on tablespaces to use and
explains how the Au toInstall sizing factor controls the am oun t of database space
reserved for Oracle App lications prod ucts.
You should plan to d istribute tablespaces across different d isks. This can redu ce
disk head contention and improve system response time. Refer to your Oracle8
Server docum entation for comp lete information about p lanning a database and its
tablespaces.
Additional Information: PART III: Oracle Server Configurat ion,
Oracle8 Administrator’s Guide; Chapter 1: Optimal Flexible
Architecture on Oracle8, and Chap ter 3: Tun ing Oracle8, Oracle8
Administrator’s Reference (for your platform)
APPLSYS
APPS2
APPS
INV
INV2 AP2
AP
AR2
AR
GL
Oracle8 Server Organization and Requirements
Database Creation
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 60/106
3-20 Oracle Applications Architecture
Observe the following recommendations and requirements when you create a
Oracle8 da tabase for use with Oracle App lications. See your Oracle8 Serverdocum entation for complete information abou t database creation.
Database Character Set
You m ust sp ecify a character set wh en creating the database. It is importan t to
consider carefu lly w hich character set to u se because you cannot change it after the
database is created.
Oracle Applications requires you u se an eight-bit character set or the ap prop riate
character set for your language. Appendix A in Oracle Applications Installation
contains a table that lists the default character sets for the langu ages supported by
Oracle App lications. For example, WE8ISO8859P1 is used for American English an d
ZH T16BIG5 is used for Trad itional Ch inese.
We recommend you u se the defau lt character set. You m ay choose an alterna te
character set if there is a conversion path from the d efault character set. If you do,
AutoInstall autom atically converts text files to the alternate character set when it
un load s the files. For example, you m ay insta ll into a JA16SJIS da tabase and client
environment, even thou gh the files are in JA16EUC on the d istribution med ia.
Data Files
Keep d ata files to a size that is convenient to back up on you r system. You m ay
want the maximu m file size to be 300 to 600 MB, for exam ple. You can create the
database with one or more d ata files for tablespaces used by the Oracle8 Server,
such as SYSTEM. You can then create one or m ore new data files for each Oracle
App lications tablespace you set up .When you create the database, set the MAXDATAFILES param eter to a value larger
than the nu mber of data files you intend to create. A value such as 256 is typically
sufficient. The limit is platform-specific. Note that you can alter the
MAXDATAFILES param eter by recreating th e database control file.
Additional Information: Creating an Oracle8 Database, Oracle8
Administrator’s Guide
Additional Information: App endix A, Oracle Applications
Installation
Additional Information: Managing Control Files, Oracle8
Administrator’s Guide
Oracle8 Server Organization and Requirements
The DB_BLOCK_SIZE parameter in the database initialization parameter file
indicates the size of ORACLE database blocks that are created w hen you use the
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 61/106
Data Model 3-21
indicates the size of ORACLE database blocks that are created w hen you use the
CREATE DATABASE comm and . For op timum performance, set th is to 8192 beforeyou create your d atabase. If you are up grad ing from an earlier release, however, do
not change the DB_BLOCK_SIZE param eter. If you change the p arameter w hen
up grad ing, you m ay not be able to generate ORACLE control files.
Initialization ParametersSet the database initialization pa ram eters to the "large" settings in the initialization
param eter file (init<SID>.ora). Set the DB_FILES param eter to a valu e less than or
equ al to the v alue sp ecified for MAXDATAFILES dur ing d atabase creation. Your
Oracle8 Server database adm inistrator will have to mod ify other pa rameters in this
file before you in stall Oracle App lications.
Oracle8 Server TablespacesThe following are recommen dations for setting up tablespaces for the Oracle8
Server and for Oracle tools. Your d atabase adm inistrator may w ant to set up the
tablesp aces differently, how ever. See the section O racle App lications Tablespaces in
this chap ter for sizing gu idelines for th e tablespaces listed in th is section.
SYSTEM Tablespace
This tablespace, which hold s data d ictionary tables owned by the SYS account, iscreated when you install the database. You m ay have to increase its initial size to
accomm odate the growth of data dictionary tables that occurs w hen you up grade
Oracle Ap plications.
Tools Tablespace
Tools tables, such as forms and report tables, are created in the default tablespace of
the O RACLE schema u sed to install the tools. This default tablespace is typically
SYSTEM. How ever, you may w ant to install these tables in a tablespace such as
TOOLS if you p lan to d evelop ap plications. This can help red uce resource
contention between d evelopers and Oracle App lications users.
Additional Information: Creating an Oracle Database, Oracle8
Administrator’s Guide
Oracle8 Server Organization and Requirements
Users Tablespace
Create a tablespace such as USERS for ORACLE schemas that hold dem onstration
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 62/106
3-22 Oracle Applications Architecture
Create a tablespace, such as USERS, for ORACLE schemas that hold dem onstration
tables for Oracle tools. These are IDs such as SCOTT/ TIGER andEXAMPLE/ EXAMPLE. You can also use th is tablespace as the default for database
administrator accounts.
Rollback Tablespace
The Oracle8 Server u ses rollback segments to track database changes until they are
committed . It uses them du ring an installation or upgrade of Oracle App lications,
as w ell as du ring normal, daily use. Create a t ablespace such as RBS for rollback segments.
Oracle Applications TablespacesYou m ust create prod uct tablespaces before you install your Oracle Applications
prod ucts. The following sections give recommend ations on th e tablespaces to set
up . See the section on Sizing Factor in this chapter for sizing guid elines.
You d esignate the table, ind ex, and temp orary tablespaces used by each OracleApp lications product w hen you install the produ cts.
Product Tablespaces
For each Oracle Applications prod uct, we recommend th at you create a tablespace
for tables and another one for indexes. Creating separate table and ind ex
tablespaces for each prod uct makes it easier to license and install produ cts later and
may increase database performan ce.
Some p rodu cts maintain mu ltiple sets of books through mu ltiple installations of
prod uct tables. If you already use this architecture, you can install each set of theseprod uct tables in separa te tablespaces. For example, you could set up a new table
tablespace and a new index tablespace for a new set of Oracle Payables books. The
tables and indexes for some depend ent prod ucts will be installed m ultiple times as
well. You can install all of these in the d epend ent p rodu ct’s main table and index
tablespaces.
Suggestion: Your tablespace design affects how your system
operates and can affect system expansion and u pgrades. An Oracle
App lications consultant can help you set up tablespaces that meet
your present and projected future system requirements.
Oracle8 Server Organization and Requirements
Designate tablespaces with a stand ard na ming convention, such as the prod uct’s
short name or ORACLE schema name along with D for da ta or X for ind exes. For
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 63/106
Data Model 3-23
g
example, create the tablespaces APD and APX for Oracle Payables tables andindexes, respectively. The tablespaces for a second prod uct installation group could
be AP2D and AP2X.
AutoInstall automatically sets the MAXEXTENTS for all product tablespaces to
UNLIMITED.
Temporary Tablespaces
The Oracle8 Server u ses temporary tablespaces to sort d ata. You can use on etablespace, such as TEMP, as the temporary tablespace for all Oracle Applications
prod ucts. You can also create up to one temp orary tablespace for each p rodu ct,
although this is not necessary. Users access App lications objects through the APPS
schema, so the temp orary tablespace for that schema (initially the same as that for
APPLSYS) is the tablespace used by each product.
Interim Tablespace
Oracle General Ledger and Oracle Government General Ledger u se large interim
tables du ring certain p rocesses. Create an interim tab lespace such as INTERIM if
you plan to install one of these products. You designate th e interim tablespace after
installing the product.
Sizing FactorA sizing factor sets the extent sizes for dyn amic objects such as tables and indexes
for an Oracle App lications prod uct. Its value is a p ercentage of the d efault
estimated growth ra te for Ap plications d atabase objects. You choose a sizing factor
for each p rodu ct when you run Au toInstall. The sizing factor affects only the size of
next extents, determ ined by th e Oracle8 Server w ith the NEXT object creation
parameter. The NEXT extent size is not ap plied to existing objects, only to newlycreated objects.
Additional Information: Storage Parameters for Interim Tables,
Oracle General Ledger User’s Guide or Oracle Public Sector General
Ledger User’s Guide
Suggestion: An Oracle App lications consultant can help you
determ ine what sizing factors to choose for your prod ucts.
Oracle8 Server Organization and Requirements
Additional Information: Chap ter 3: Data Blocks, Extents, and
Segments, Oracle8 Concepts
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 64/106
3-24 Oracle Applications Architecture
100% Sizing Factor (default)
The defau lt sizing factor of 100% creates da tabase objects based on an estimate of
how the objects grow at a typ ical site. Most objects are defined w ith small first
extents and larger ad ditional extents. The NEXT extent sizes vary by object,
however.
Objects are created w ith an initial extent and add extents as necessary. By d efault,
the initial extent is defined as 10 KB for tables and indexes. ORACLE uses at leasttwo blocks when creating objects, so if you created your d atabase using a blocksize
of 8 KB, for examp le, the in itial storage allocated is actua lly 16 KB.
The following table shows N EXT extent sizes for tw o samp le tables and two samp le
indexes created at a 100% sizing factor. These tables and ind exes each have an initial
extent size of 10 KB.
Oracle Applications Installation lists the database space used by p rodu ct tables and
indexes installed w ith a 100% sizing factor. The tables in Installation tell you the
sizes of the tablespaces required to hold prod ucts when all da tabase objects are
allocated two extents. Your space usage w ill vary according to how you u se your
prod ucts. Some tables may never grow p ast their initial extent. Some m ay grow to
several extents.
Sizing Factor Greater or Less than 100%
A sizing factor greater or less th an 100% (except for 0%) creates d atabase objects at
that percentage of their 100% size. For example, a 200% sizing factor dou bles each
object’s 100% next extent sizes. The 200% sizing factor creates AP_AGING_
PERIODS with a n ext extent size of 64 KB.
Table 3–1 Sample Extent Sizes for a 100% Sizing Factor
Tables Next Extent
AP_AGING_PERIODS 32 KB
AR_STATEMENT_LINE_CLUSTERS 1 MB
Indexes Next Extent
AP_AGING_PERIODS_U1 32 KB
AR_STATEMENT_LINE_CLUSTERS_N1 256 KB
Oracle8 Server Organization and Requirements
If you d o not use th e default sizing factor, use a sizing factor that is 100% mu ltiplied
or d ivided by a factor of 2, such as 50%, 200%, or 400%. There is no u pper limit on
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 65/106
Data Model 3-25
sizing factors. They d o not affect static objects, such as p rod uct looku p tab les, tha tgenerally do not increase in size beyond the initial seed d ata. AutoInstall creates
static objects at one size regard less of the p roduct’s sizing factor.
Suggestion: As the d efault initial extent size is relatively sma ll,
10 KB, we d o not recomm end a sizing factor less than 100%. If you
had sizing factors less than 100% in earlier releases, we su ggest you
change them to 100%. When installing systems for low -transaction
testing or training pu rposes, however, use 0% sizing to conservespace.
Oracle8 Server Organization and Requirements
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 66/106
3-26 Oracle Applications Architecture
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 67/106
File System 4-1
4File System
This chap ter d iscusses file managemen t for Oracle App lications. It includes th e
following topics:
s Directory Structure
s Log and Outp ut Files
Directory StructureThis section explains the directory structure of Oracle App lications p rodu ct files.
These include the forms, reports, files to install or upgrad e the d atabase, and other
compon ents shipp ed w ith the software release. Tables and other d atabase objects
are stored separately in an Oracle8 Server d atabase.
Basic Directory StructureIn the basic directory structure, a top Ap plications directory holds one set of
prod uct files. You create this directory and set the environmen t setting APPL_TOP
to point to it. AutoInstall sets up a d irectory tree for each fully installed or
dep endent prod uct in this directory. AutoInstall also sets up a m inimal prod uct tree
for all other p rodu cts so it can install their d atabase compon ents.
A prod uct directory tree starts w ith a directory that uses the p rodu ct’s abbreviation,
such as gl for Oracle General Ledger. Below that is a subdirectory that u ses the
product version, such as 11.0.28. Below that are various subdirectories for product
files.
Directory Structure
Figure 4–1 Basic Directory Structure
Applications Top Directory
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 68/106
4-2 Oracle Applications Architecture
Product TOP Variables
AutoInstall sets <prod >_TOP environm ent settings that poin t to each produ ct’s
directory tree. In th e installation d epicted in Figure 4–1, the GL_TOP environmen t
setting point s to #APPL_TOP#\ gl\ 11.0.28. To d isplay data en try forms for Oracle
General Ledger, for examp le, the Oracle App lications system accesses files in#GL_TOP#\ forms.
Admin Directory
The adm in d irectory (wh ich rep laces the install directory from previous releases)
holds files used to install or upgrade any Oracle App lications prod ucts. This adm in
directory is used by Au toInstall. Subd irectories in this directory hold the log and
restart files that record the actions Au toInstall performs.
Additional Information: Table 2–1 in this manu al lists produ ct top
directory names.
admin gl(other product
directories)
forms sqlbin
11.0.28
Directory Structure
Figure 4–2 admin Directory Structure
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 69/106
File System 4-3
Java and HTML Files
Java file nam ing conventions ind icate that a machine should have a single directory
un der wh ich all Java class files are stored. This directory contains m ultiple
nam espaces, w hich provide a way of keeping Java programs w ritten by one
compan y from interfering with those written by another. A nam espace maps to asubd irectory tree u nd erneath the top-level Java d irectory. This way, for examp le,
XYZ Corp oration can have a file called "uiDisplay.class," and Oracle Corp oration
can have a file with th e same name. Oracle App lications w ill always know which
one to u se because the Oracle version of this file is always installed in the Oracle
nam espace—the \ oracle subd irectory.
Figure 4–3 Java and HTML Directory Structure
Oracle App lications requires that you define the location of Java files on you r
system using the JAVA_TOP environment setting before you begin your installation
or up grad e. The Java and HTML directories can be anywhere in your file
preupg
admin
(applprod.txt, other files)
out restartlog
db.name 2db.name 1
out restartlog
Java Top Directory
oracle
HTML Top Directory
*.htm
F US
fnd mediaak
apps
ibm xyz
per
com
sun
(HTML files for OracleSelf-Service Web Applications andthe Oracle Applications signonscreen.)
Directory Structure
system—they do not h ave to be u nd er #APPL_TOP#. Au toInstall will then install all
App lications class files in a subd irectory in the Oracle namespace und er your
#JAVA_TOP# directory— #JAVA_TOP#\ oracle\ apps. Each product will install its
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 70/106
4-4 Oracle Applications Architecture
Java class files into a su bdirectory beneath this d irectory, as shown in the examp le
figure.
In order to make it easier to maintain th e virtual d irectory settings for your w eb
server, Oracle Applications also consolidates all HTML files into a single d irectory
tree du ring installation. You determ ine the location of this top -level directory w ith
the environm ent setting OAH_TOP before you begin your installation or upgrad e.The HTML file used to launch the initial App lications signon screen is typ ically
installed in th is directory tree, as are all HTML files used by the Oracle Self-Service
Web App lications product. Note that th ere are subd irectories named for the
languag e code. See the Language Directory Structure section in th is chap ter for
more information.
Distributed Directory StructureA distributed directory structure places p roduct files on d ifferent file systems. You
mu st use a distributed stru cture if you d o not have enough disk space available on a
single file system for all Oracle Applications product files.
Figure 4–4 illustrates a d istributed d irectory structure. Oracle General Ledgerprod uct files are stored in #APPL_TOP#, with O racle Purchasing (po) and Oracle
Payables (ap) files stored on a d ifferent file system. Au toInsta ll lets you d efine
wh ich file system h olds each p rodu ct’s directory tree.
Produ ct files for Oracle App lication Object Library (fnd ) and Oracle App lications
DBA (ad) are un loaded autom atically in #APPL_TOP# when you run AutoInstall.
You cannot u nload these files to a different file system.
Additional Information: Set Environment and Registry Variables
in Chap ter 2, Oracle Applications Installation
Note: Oracle Applications installs all media files, such as GIF
images, under the #JAVA_TOP# directory. You must not change thissetting after the installation. If you d o, Oracle Applications w ill not
work properly.
Additional Information: Set Environment and Registry Variables
in Chapter 2, and Configure the Web Server in Chap ter 4, Oracle
Applications Installation
Directory Structure
Figure 4–4 Distributed Directory Structure
Applications Top Directory
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 71/106
File System 4-5
Localization DirectoriesFor product files, each localization region is treated like a separa te prod uct. Modu le
files are stored in the region d irectory trees. Figure 4–5 illustrates the d irectory tree
for European localizations (je). For this directory t ree, AutoInstall sets the
environm ent setting JE_TOP to #APPL_TOP#\ je\ 11.0.28
gl
(other product directories)
Directory on Second File System
11.0.28
forms sqlbin
11.0.28
forms sqlbin
po ap
forms sqlbin
11.0.28
Directory Structure
Figure 4–5 Localization Directory Structure
Applications Top Directory
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 72/106
4-6 Oracle Applications Architecture
Like all other Oracle App lications p rodu cts, localizations are also translated into
various langu ages. These translated files follow the stand ard langua ge directory
structure.
Language Directory StructureWhen you install Oracle Applications in a langu age other than American English,
each product d irectory tree includ es directories that u se the NLS langu age code.
These directories hold translated form, report, m essage, SQL, and installation files.
The langu age directory in Figure 4–6 is D, wh ich designates German.
D subd irectories in the d river, import, and sql subdirectories of the adm in d irectory
contain files to convert th e database from A merican English to Germ an. The reportsdirectory holds Oracle Reports report files in American English. Its D subd irectory
contains these same files translated into Germ an.
The forms d irectory show n in Figure 4–6 contains Oracle Forms files in American
English. The D subd irectory in the forms d irectory contains the same files translated
into German. The mesg directory contains message files in both American English
and German.
Additional Information: App endix A, Oracle Applications Installation
admin je
(other productdirectories)
mesg reportsforms
11.0.28
bin sql
Directory Structure
Figure 4–6 Language Directory Structure
Applications Top Directory
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 73/106
File System 4-7
Applications Top Directory for UpgradeYou m ust create a new APPL_TOP directory w hen you u pgrad e to Release 11. You
cannot have multiple releases and prod uct versions in one APPL_TOP directory.
Figure 4–7 illustrates the d irectory structure after an up grad e that uses a new
APPL_TOP d irectory. New compon ents are show n in boldface text.
Additional Information: App endix C, Oracle Applications
Installation
admin gl
(other productdirectories)
reports mesgadmin
11.0.28
forms
sqlimportdriver
D D D
D DUS.msbD.msb
Log and Output Files
Figure 4–7 Multiple Product Versions Installed on One File System
Old Applications Top Directory
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 74/106
4-8 Oracle Applications Architecture
Log and Output Files
When the concurren t man agers run O racle Applications concurren t processes, theywr ite the ou tpu t files, as well as diagnostic log files and temp orary files, to
directories that you define during the installation process. This section explains
your options for setting up these directories. Note the following :
s Concurrent m anagers inherit directory p rivileges from th e login that installs
and starts them. Since you start the managers from the main Oracle
Attention: Because u pgrading changes the Oracle App licationsdatabase structure, you cann ot use old prod uct files with an
up grad ed d atabase. You can d elete them once you are certain the
up grad e is complete and successful.
gl (other productdirectories)
forms sqlbin
9.0.9
install
New Applications Top Directory
gl(other product
directories)
forms sqlbin
admin
11.0.28
Log and Output Files
App lications login, app lmgr, they can write to any d irectory for which app lmgr
has write permission.
s Log files for the concurrent m anagers th emselves are stored in
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 75/106
File System 4-9
g g#APPLCSF#\ #APPLLOG# if APPLSCF is set, or in #FND_TOP#\ #APPLLOG# if
APPLCSF is not set.
You should be familiar with the basics of concurrent processing before you install
Oracle Ap plications.
Log and Output Files for a Single Product GroupWhen you install a single Oracle App lications prod uct group , you can choose one of
two method s for storing the group ’s log and outp ut files:
s Log and ou tpu t subd irectories in each p rodu ct’s directory tree (default).
s One log and one outp ut subdirectory in a comm on directory.
The following sections explain th ese method s in d etail. Oracle Applications
Installation guides you through setting up a common d irectory.
Default Storage in Product Directory Tree
Figure 4–8 illustrates the d efault storage method that u ses log and out
subd irectories in each prod uct’s directory tree. AutoInstall sets up this storage
meth od au tomatically un less you specify otherwise.
By default, AutoInstall sets the variable APPLLOG to log and the variable
APPLOUT to out in the prod uct group ’s registry subkey. Concurrent m anagers
wr ite to these su bdirectories in each p rodu ct tree. For Oracle General Ledger, for
example, the concurrent man agers w rite log files to #GL_TOP#\ #APPLLOG# and
outp ut files to #GL_TOP#\ #APPLOUT#.
Additional Information: App endix A, Oracle Applications
Installation
Additional Information: Overview of Concurren t Processing,
Oracle Applications System Administration Reference Manual
Log and Output Files
Figure 4–8 Default Storage for Log and Output Files
Applications Top Directory
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 76/106
4-10 Oracle Applications Architecture
Common Directory
Instead of using the d efau lt storage meth od, you can set up a comm on d irectory
that has a subd irectory for all log files and a subdirectory for all outpu t files. The
common directory can reside on any file system accessible to the concurrentmanagers. Figure 4–9 illustrates a common directory in the APPL_TOP directory.
You d esignate the comm on directory and the subd irectories when you ru n
AutoInstall or by recreating the Ap plications registry subkey using the AD
Adm inistration ut ility. The APPLCSF environmen t setting is set to the comm on
directory name, and the APPLLOG and APPLOUT environmen t settings are set to
the log and outp ut subd irectories, respectively. The concurrent m anagers w rite all
log files to #APPLCSF#\ #APPLLOG# and all outp ut files to
#APPLCSF#\ #APPLOUT#.
11.0.28
admin gl (other productdirectories)
formsoutlog (other productsubdirectories)
log files forGeneral Ledger
output files forGeneral Ledger
Log and Output Files
Figure 4–9 Common Directory for Log and Output Files
Applications Top Directory
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 77/106
File System 4-11
Log and Output Files for Multiple Product GroupsIf you install multiple p rodu ct groups in the same APPL_TOP directory, each one
needs its own log and outp ut d irectories to keep its log and outp u t files separate
from those of other p rodu ct groups. There are three method s for creating separatelog and outpu t areas:
s Multiple log and ou tpu t subd irectories in each prod uct’s directory tree.
s Multiple log and outp ut su bdirectories in one comm on d irectory.
s Multiple common d irectories.
Log and Output Directories in Each Product’s Directory TreeThe default storage method depicted in Figure 4–10 uses multiple log and outp ut
subdirectories in each produ ct’s directory tree. The \ logdemo and \ outdem o
subd irectories are for log and ou tpu t files from a d emonstration product group . The
\ logtst and \ outtst subd irectories are for a test prod uct group . You select the
subd irectory nam es when you run A utoInstall or the AD Administration u tility, but
you m ust manu ally create the subdirectories if you nam e them someth ing other
than log or out .
Each prod uct group ’s registry subkey defines the prod uct group ’s log and ou tpu t
subd irectories as the values of the APPLLOG and APPLOUT environm ent settings,
respectively. A produ ct group’s concurren t managers w rite log and outp ut files to
#APPLLOG# and #APPLOUT# in each product’s directory tree. For Oracle General
Ledger, for examp le, the concurren t m anagers w rite log files to
#GL_TOP#\ #APPLLOG# and outp ut files to #GL_TOP#\ #APPLOUT#.
commondirectory
gl (other productdirectories)
outlog
log files forall products
output files forall products
admin
Log and Output Files
Figure 4–10 Default Log and Output File Storage for Multiple Product Groups
Applications Top Directory
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 78/106
4-12 Oracle Applications Architecture
Single Common Directory
As Figure 4–11 shows, a single common directory should u se separate log and
outp ut su bdirectories for each produ ct group . The common d irectory can reside on
any file system accessible to the concurrent man agers. You d esignate a p rodu ct
group’s comm on d irectory and its log and outpu t subd irectories wh en you run
AutoInstall or the AD Adm inistration utility for each produ ct group , but you m ust
man ua lly create the subd irectories if you name them something other than log or
out .
All prod uct group registry subkeys use the same comm on directory name for the
value of the APPLCSF environment setting. However, each registry subk ey uses log
and outpu t subdirectory names that are unique to that produ ct group for the values
of the APPLLOG and APPLOUT environm ent settings. The concurrent managers
for each produ ct group wr ite the prod uct group ’s log and ou tpu t files to
#APPLCSF#\ #APPLLOG# and #APPLCSF#\ #APPLOUT#, respectively.
11.0.28
admin gl(other product
directories
outdemologdemo
log filesfor product
group 1
output filesfor product
group 1
outtstlogtst
log filesfor product
group 2
output filesfor product
group 2
Log and Output Files
Figure 4–11 Common Directory for Multiple Product Groups
Applications Top Directory
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 79/106
File System 4-13
Multiple Common Directories
Figure 4–12 illustrates three comm on directories set up for three produ ct groups on
three separate file systems. You d esignate a prod uct group ’s common directory andthe log and ou tpu t subdirectories when you run Au toInstall or the AD
Administration ut ility.
Figure 4–12 Multiple Common Directories for Multiple Product Groups
All product group registry subkeys use the same log and outpu t subd irectory
nam es for the values of the APPLLOG and APPLOUT environm ent settings.
How ever, each uses a comm on directory name that is unique to that produ ct group
for the value of the APPLCSF environmen t setting. The concurrent man agers for
each prod uct group write the prod uct group ’s log files to #APPLCSF#\ #APPLLOG#
and outp ut files to #APPLCSF#\ #APPLOUT#.
commondirectory
gl (other productdirectories)
outdemologdemo
log filesfor product
group 1
output filesfor product
group 1
outtstlogtst
log filesfor product
group 2
output filesfor product
group 2
admin
Common Directory on
First File System
Common Directory onSecond File System
ou tlog
Common Directory on
Third File System
ou tlog
ou tlog
Log and Output Files
Selecting a Log and Output File Storage MethodConsider the following w hen selecting a method for storing log and ou tpu t files:
s anticipated size of log and ou tpu t files
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 80/106
4-14 Oracle Applications Architecture
Oracle Applications Installation contains information tha t helps you estimate how
mu ch disk space you need for log and outp ut files. You m ay want to store files
across file systems if you plan to keep a large volume of log and ou tpu t data .
s security needs
With the d efault storage method wh ere each p rodu ct’s directory tree has its
own log and outp ut su bdirectories, you can restrict operating system access tolog and ou tpu t subd irectories on a prod uct-by-prod uct basis. For examp le, you
can grant access to the Oracle General Ledger log and ou tpu t subd irectories to
only the General Ledger u sers, or the Oracle Receivables log and outp ut
subd irectories to only the Oracle Receivables users. You would not be able to
imp lement such security if you u sed a common d irectory.
Temporary FilesOracle App lications u ses temp orary files for m any different functions. You may
specify up to th ree separate locations for these files, according to the type of process
that creates them. This allows you to avoid p otential disk space allocation problems
with the operating system temp orary directories (defined by the environmen t
variables TEMP and TMP) and to be able to restrict access to particular tem porary
files. You sp ecify these temp orary d irectories when you run Au toInstall or the AD
Adm inistration utility to create a new App lications registry subkey.
Most Oracle App lications temp orary files are w ritten to the location specified by th e
APPLTMP environmen t setting. Oracle Reports temp orary files can be d irected to a
separate location specified by the REPORTS25_TMP environm ent sett ing. Both of
these environm ent settings can be set to an y d irectory on your file system accessible
to the concurrent managers. The default is for both environm ent settings is
C:\ temp.
Oracle App lications also prod uces temp orary PL/ SQL outpu t files used in
concurren t p rocessing. These files are written to the location specified by theAPPLPTMP environmen t setting. APPLPTMP can also be located anywhere on your
file system accessible to th e concurrent m anagers, bu t is m ore restricted because it
uses PL/ SQL I/ O functionality. For secur ity reasons, in order to d irect outp ut to a
directory using this functionality, you must list the d irectory in you r database
initialization file, as part of the valu e for the u tl_file_dir parameter. Without this
Log and Output Files
setting, Oracle Applications will fail to install or function properly. For this reason,
the APPLPTMP environment setting has no default value.
Additional Information: Creating a Registry Subkey in Chap ter 3,Oracle Applications Installation
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 81/106
File System 4-15
Attention: Some App lications u tilities will use the d efault
temp orary directory for your opera ting system (typically C:\ temp ),
even if you set the env ironment settings listed in the previous
paragraphs to d ifferent values. Be sure to have disk space available
in this operating system d efault tem porary directory as well as inthose d irector ies specified by APPLTMP, REPORTS25_TMP, and
APPLPTMP.
Log and Output Files
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 82/106
4-16 Oracle Applications Architecture
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 83/106
Glossary-1
Glossary
administration server
The machine from w hich a user—typically an adm inistrator—run s program s that
maintain and u pd ate an Oracle App lications database. For examp le, AutoInstall
and AutoPatch are both ru n on this machine to install, up grade, or upd ate the
database, wh ich may reside on an other machine (the database server).
applet
A Java p rogram th at is downloaded to a desktop client from a web server, and run
within a Java-enabled web browser or app letviewer.
appletviewer
A program that run s a Java app let or ap plication.
application serversMachines that reside in a m idd le tier, betw een desktop clients and a h igh-end , or
back-end , tier. Desktop clients send their requests to ap plication servers, w hich
process the request by send ing it to another server, such as the database server. In
this manner, the desktop clients never connect d irectly to the database server. The
forms server and web server are typ es of application servers. See also tier .
applmgr
The login u sed to install and u pgr ade Oracle App lications. This accoun t owns the
Oracle App lications prod uct files.
APPS schema
An O RACLE schema that has access to the complete Oracle App lications data
model.
AutoInstall
The Oracle Applications installation and upgrade program.
background process
A non interactive process that ru ns in an operating system environmen t and
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 84/106
Glossary-2
A non-interactive process that ru ns in an operating system environmen t and
performs a task.
bandwidth
The amount of data that can be sent through a network connection, measu red in bits
per second (bps). The speed an d capacity of a network d epend on both bandw idth
and latency. See also latency.
base language
The language u sed for seed data of products that do not sup port m ultiple
languag es. (Multiple language p rodu cts include FND, AK, AS, AX, and AZ).
browser
See web browser .
cartridge
A software comp onent that , when linked w ith other cartridges, forms a comp lete
software solution. Cartridges are "wrapp ers" around a program. The program m ay
be written in any p rogramm ing language, such as C, C++, or Java. The wrapp er
enables the program to interface with other cartridges on the same m achine or
across a netw ork. Cartridges may be u sed in m any p laces: the Oracle ConText
Cartridge is an examp le of a da ta cartridge (residing on th e database tier), while theOracle Forms Load Balancing Cartr idge is an example of an application cartridge
(residing on the ap plication tier).
certificate file
Contains the identity of a "trusted source" that the desktop client uses to guaran tee
the au then ticity of a JAR file. Information contained within th e certificate file allows
the d esktop client to decrypt the digital signatu re of a JAR file. If the iden tity can be
confirmed , the d esktop client assumes th e JAR file is safe to dow nload and execute.See also digital signature.
character set
A set of encoded bina ry values that represents the letters, nu merals, and
pu nctuation m arks of a language, or of a group of languages that use similar
written symbols. For example, the WE8ISO8859P1 character set can be used by
English an d many other languages that u se a Latin-based alphabet an d Arabic
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 85/106
Glossary-3
English an d many other languages that u se a Latin based alphabet an d Arabic
nu merals. Termina ls and printers hand le text data by converting these encoded
values to characters. A character set may also be called a codeset .
client
A general term for the comp uter in a client/ server configuration that requests
services, data, or p rocessing. The comp uter sup plying the services, data, orprocessing is the server .
client/server configuration
A configuration in w hich one or several servers perform d atabase processing or
other fun ctions for app lications that are ru n on clients.
codeset
See character set .
command
An instru ction or request for the system to p erform a particular action. An entire
command can consist of the comman d name, param eters, and qualifiers.
command file
A file containing a p redefined sequence of comm and s to be executed by theoperating system.
concurrency
The simu ltaneous access of the same d ata by multiple users.
concurrent manager
A process manager that coordina tes the processes generated by users’ requests to
run various data -intensive program s. An Oracle Applications product group canhave several concurrent m anagers.
concurrent process
A task run by a concurrent m anager. A concurrent process run s simu ltaneously
with interactive functions and other concurrent p rocesses.
concurrent processing server
An Oracle Applications server that ru ns time-consum ing, non-interactive tasks in
the background .
concurrent queue
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 86/106
Glossary-4
A list of concurren t requests aw aiting completion. Each concur rent manager has its
own queue of pending requests.
concurrent request
A request issued to the concurren t processing server when you submit a non-
interactive task, such as running a report.
customization
Enhancements to an Oracle App lications system m ade to fit the need s of a specific
user community.
data dictionary
A set of database tables and views that contains adm inistrative information abou t
users, data storage, and p rivileges. It is created an d main tained autom atically.
database
A collection of da ta, stored in tables, and objects, such as stored procedu res and
triggers. The term can also refer to the software used to create, store, and man age
this data—for example, the Oracle8 Server.
database administrator (DBA)
Prepares the Oracle8 Server and Oracle tools for an installation or up grade of Oracle
App lications, and performs m aintenan ce on them after the installation. The DBA
has access to the ORACLE SYSTEM and SYS accounts.
database instance
A ru nning ORACLE system. There is always a one-to-one correspond ence between
an ORACLE instance and a system global area (SGA).
database object
A logical entity created and stored in a database. Tables, views, synonym s, ind exes,
sequences, stored p rocedu res, and tr iggers are all examples of database objects.
database server (Release 11)
A machine on which the da tabase holding Oracle App lications da ta resides. The
database server p rocesses SQL requests from other m achines, such as form s servers
and concur rent processing servers.
d b
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 87/106
Glossary-5
database space
The amou nt of disk space used by a set of database objects.
demonstration product group
A prod uct group th at includ es predefined transaction data for Oracle App lications
prod ucts. It is used primarily for system testing and user tra ining. See also product group.
dependent product
An Ap plications prod uct that is not licensed, but w hose files are shared in p art by a
fully installed Ap plications product. A dependent prod uct is also known as a shared
product .
desktop clientA compu ter that sends u ser requests to the forms server and hand les responses
such as screen upda tes, pop -up lists, graphical wid gets, and cursor movem ents.
digital signature
A m eans of guaranteeing the au thenticity of a program or collection of data, such as
a JAR file. It is typ ically an encryp ted message that contains the identity of the
code’s author. See also certificate file.
distributed concurrent processing
See parallel concurrent processing.
distributed directory structure
App lications p rodu ct files installed in more than one file system, as w hen th ere is
insufficient disk space in a single file system for all Applications product files.
environment file
A command file that sets environment va riables. Only servers runn ing UN IX or
OpenVMS use these files—Wind ows NT servers use the Window s registry instead.
environment setting
A param eter that controls the behavior of App lications and Ap plications program s
for your installation. Environment settings are stored as env ironment v ariables on
UNIX servers, as logicals on OpenVMS servers, or as registry keys or environment
variables on Windows NT servers.
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 88/106
Glossary-6
environment variable
A variable maintained by the UN IX shell that can be referenced by any program
run ning within the shell. Environment var iables hold values used by man y Oracle
programs and utilities.
On Window s NT, a string consisting of environment information, such as a dr ive,path , or filename, associated w ith a sym bolic nam e. You use the System option in
the Control Panel or the set comm and from the Window s NT comm and promp t to
define environment variables.
Export utility
An Oracle8 Server u tility used to wr ite database d ata to operating system files
external to the da tabase. These files can th en be used w ith the Imp ort u tility to read
the data back into the same d atabase or into a different one.
extension
The second par t, or suffix, of a filenam e, used to ind icate the typ e or pu rpose of the
file. For examp le, the extension .sql ind icates a SQL*Plus script. See also filename.
form
A logical collection of fields, regions, and grap hical comp onents th at ap pears on asingle screen. Oracle App lications forms resemble pap er forms used to run a
business. You en ter data by typ ing information into th e form.
forms client
A Java applet that ru ns on a desktop client and p rovides the user interface and
interaction w ith a forms server.
Forms Metrics Server
A machine that manages and d istributes requests from forms clients amon g
multiple forms servers. See also load balancing.
forms server
A typ e of application server that hosts the Oracle Forms Server engine. It mediates
between the desktop client and th e database, providing inpu t screens to the desktop
client and creating or changing d atabase records based on user actions.
functional currency
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 89/106
Glossary-7
functional currency
In Multiple Reporting Cu rrencies, a cur rency other than your p rimary currency.
Gigabyte (GB)
A unit of mem ory or d isk space equal to 1,073,741,824 bytes. One Gigabyte is equ al
to 1,024 Megabytes. Often round ed to 1,000,000,000 bytes.
GUI (Graphical User Interface)
An interface used w ith personal compu ters and w orkstations that allows th e user to
access fields and regions of the screen w ith a p ointing d evice, typically a mouse.
The acronym is pronou nced "goo-ee".
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)
A simple language used to format d ocum ents, predom inantly for viewing w ith a
web browser. Portions of text or images, called hypertext, can be associated w ith
other docum ents.
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
The TCP/ IP-based network protocol used to transmit requests and documents
between a w eb server and a w eb browser.
HTTP listener
A program on a web server that accepts and p rocesses incoming HTTP requests
from web browsers.
Import utility
An Oracle8 Server u tility u sed to read operating system files written by th e Export
utility. You use it to restore da ta into a d atabase.
index
A database object associated with a table and used by the Or acle8 Server to locate
rows of that table quickly.
initialization parameters
Param eters defined in an initialization file that configure an Oracle8 Server
database. The param eters affect how the d atabase performs.
Internal concurrent manager
A h i l d di ll
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 90/106
Glossary-8
A concurren t manager p rocess that monitors, controls, and dispenses requests to all
other concur rent man ager processes.
intranet
A netw ork of comp uters that are internal to a compan y. A comp any’s intranet is
basically a local extension to the globally-distributed Internet, wh ich is a globalinter-connected network of computers and smaller computer networks.
Java
A computing language u sed, among other things, to produ ce programs that can be
dow nloaded and run on a d esktop client using a web browser. It is also used to
prod uce platform-ind ependent p rograms that run on a server, either interactively or
wh en invoked th rough a requ est from a w eb browser. See also applet an d servlet.
JAR (Java Archive) file
A collection of Java classes comp ressed into a single file for faster dow nload to a
desktop client.
Java class
Comp onents of a Java program th at define objects and operations p erformed on
objects. In th e Architecture an d Installation manu als, Java class also iden tifies an
operating system file that contains a program or part of a program w ritten in Java.
JDBC (Java Database Connectivity)
A Java p rogram ming interface that enables Java p rograms to execute SQL
statements and access databases, such as the Oracle8 Server.
JVM (Java Virtual Machine)
An interp reter that tran slates a compiled Java program , called bytecode, to machinecode. JVM makes Java portable, because each operating system’s JVM translates
bytecode to instructions that the microprocessor can execute. An app letviewer or
Java-enabled w eb browser has an internal JVM that allows it to execute ap plets or
app lications w ritten in Java.
LAN (Local Area Network)
A limited -distance, high-speed, data comm un ications network tha t allows various
data processing resources to be connected and shared. A LAN is a netw ork
contained w ithin a single physical site (one or more bu ildings), as opposed to a
WAN. See also WAN .
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 91/106
Glossary-9
latency
In networking, the amou nt of time it takes a packet of da ta to travel from a sou rce to
its destination. The speed an d capacity of a network d epend on both bandw idth
and latency. See also bandwidth.
load balancing
Distributing tasks to the server that is least busy w hen several servers are hand ling
the sam e workload. For examp le, the Oracle Forms Load Balancing Cartridge has a
single coordinator (the Forms Metrics Server) that mon itors load information from
other forms servers and d etermines which server currently has the lightest load.
Upon receiving a requ est from a forms client, the Forms Metrics Server can ba lance
the p rocessing load by instructing the forms client to connect to the forms server
that has th e lightest load. This server is called th e "least loaded host".
LOCAL
Und er Windows N T, an environmen t setting that identifies the netw ork alias of an
ORACLE instance runn ing on the local machine or on another netw orked m achine.
This variable overrides any setting for ORACLE_SID and causes the N et8 softw are
to m anage the connection request. See also ORACLE_SID an d TWO_TASK .
localizations
Modu les that extend Oracle App lications to meet the uniqu e business requirements
of one or more geograp hic regions.
log in
To perform a sequence of actions that establishes comm unication w ith the op erating
system or a secured program , such as the Oracle8 Server or Oracle App lications,
and sets up default characteristics for the session.
Megabyte (MB)
A u nit of m emory or d isk space equal to 1,048,576 bytes (1024 x 1024). Often
rounded to one million bytes.
MOA
See multiple ORA CLE account product .
multiple ORACLE account product
In earlier Multiple Sets Of Books Architecture, an Oracle Applications product
wh ose data is divided among m ultiple produ ct schemas to implement m ultiple sets
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 92/106
Glossary-10
wh ose data is divided among m ultiple produ ct schemas to implement m ultiple sets
of books. For example, Oracle Payables requires three p rodu ct schemas to
imp lement th ree sets of books in this architecture. In th e new er Multi-Org
architecture, mu ltiple ORACLE accoun t prod ucts only require one prod uct schema,
no ma tter how m any organizations you d efine.
Multiple Organization Architecture (Multi-Org)
A single installation of any Oracle Applications prod uct to support any nu mber of
organizations or d ifferent sets of books. The d ata contained in p rodu ct schemas is
for all organizations, and is partitioned by th e ORG_ID colum n in tables.
Multiple Reporting Currency (MRC)
An Oracle App lications feature that a llows you to create, ma intain, and rep ort on
accoun ting records at the tran saction level in more than one functional currency.
Multiple Sets Of Books Architecture (MSOB)
An older Oracle App lications mechanism for implementing an organization or
group of organizations that shares a common Accoun ting Flexfield structure,
calendar, and functional currency. With MSOB architecture, you must define at least
one set of books for each business location. MSOB architecture is sup erseded by th e
new er Mu ltiple Organization Architecture. See also Multiple Organization
Architecture.
multi-tier architecture
A compu ting mod el in w hich various functions are distributed am ong m ultiple
levels, or tiers, of machines. Typically there are at least three such tiers: desktop
clients issuing user requests, back-end servers u sed for database processing and
other intensive tasks, and a middle tier that med iates connections between the two.
See also NCA.
NCA (Network Computing Architecture)
An Internet-based Oracle framework th at provides comm un ication in a multi-tier
architecture.
Net8
The Oracle prod uct that en ables netw ork connectivity between a client machine and
the Oracle8 Server. Net8 manages comm unication sessions betw een these m achines
by opening an d closing sessions and by packaging and sending SQL statements and
data resp onses. Prior to the Oracle8 Server release, Net8 was called SQL*Net.
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 93/106
Glossary-11
NLS (National Language Support)
Oracle App lications NLS allows the u se of various character sets, and provides
translated m essages, help files, and seed data for languages other than Am erican
English.
operating system
The comp uter software that performs basic tasks such as allocating memory and
allowing comp uter comp onents to commu nicate.
ORACLE
An Oracle8 Server d atabase. This generally refers to a d atabase an d the objects it
contains, not to the Oracle8 Server product files.
ORACLE_HOME
An environmen t setting that specifies the top directory for Oracle8 Server p rogram
files.
ORACLE schema
See schema.
Oracle8 Server
The database man agemen t system u sed by Release 11. The term refers in general to
the p rodu ct files or the ORACLE instances created using th ese files.
Oracle Server Manager
An O racle8 Server u tility tha t allows DBAs to start, stop, monitor, and maintain
databases.
ORACLE_SID
An env ironment setting that identifies an ORACLE instance running on the current
machine. See also TWO_TASK an d LOCAL.
ORACLE user ID
A usernam e and p assword used to access an ORACLE instance.
parameter
A value passed to a comm and . A param eter can be a file specification, a symbol, or
a word un derstood by the program.
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 94/106
Glossary-12
y p g
parallel concurrent processing
In a UNIX environm ent, distribution of concurrent p rocesses among multiple
concurrent processing servers. Also called distributed concurrent processing.
password
An identification w ord, associated with your username, that you m ust sup ply to
access an ORACLE instance or an Oracle App lications system.
PDF (Portable Document Format)
A file format d eveloped by Ad obe Systems. PDF files may contain formatted text,
graphics, color, and images that you can view, navigate w ithin, and pr int. You need
Adobe Acrobat Reader to view a PDF file.
platform
The und erlying structure of a comp uter system, includ ing hard ware an d software,
on w hich ap plication p rograms run. The hardw are comp onent includ es the
microprocessor, which is the microchip th at performs logic operations and data
man agemen t. The software comp onent includes the operating system, which is the
compu ter system’s coordinating p rogram. Sun SPARC Solaris and Alpha
Wind ows NT are examples of platforms. Some Oracle App lications functionality is
platform-specific, meaning its behavior ma y d iffer on other p latforms.
PL/SQL
A procedu ral extension of SQL that p rovides program ming constru cts such as
blocks, conditionals, and functions.
primary functional currencyThe curren cy you use to record tran sactions and m aintain your accounting d ata
with in Oracle App lications.
primary set of books
A finan cial reporting entity in which you conduct business.
Pro*C
An Oracle precompiler produ ct that allows d evelopers of C program s to embed
stand ard d atabase calls to an ORACLE da tabase in C programs.
product group
A set of Oracle App lications p rodu ct schemas linked together by a single Oracle
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 95/106
Glossary-13
App lication Object Library schema.
product installation group
A set of related products in a Multiple Sets Of Books Architecture installation, such
as AP2, PO2, and INV2, that p artition the d ata for a single set of books.
registry
A Window s NT database that holds configuration information. Dur ing installation,
Oracle App lications w rites data to the registry. You can also ed it the registry directly
with the Registry Editor (regedt32.exe).
registry key
A folder th at appears in the left pan e of the Registry Editor w indow. A key cancontain subkeys and value ent ries. For example: Environmen t is a key of
HKEY_CURRENT_USER. See also subkey.
registry subkey
A key w ithin a key. Subkeys are analogous to subd irectories in the registry
hierarchy. Keys and subkeys are similar to the section h eading in .ini files; how ever
subkeys can carry ou t functions. Oracle App lications stores important information
abou t a p rodu ct group in a registry subkey. See also registry key an d registry.
report
An organ ized d isplay of Oracle Applications information. A report can be viewed
online or sent to a printer. The content of a report can range from a sum mary to a
complete listing of values.
Report Review AgentA tool u sed by Oracle App lications to v iew concurrent processing files online.
reporting functional currency
A currency, other than you r pr imary fun ctional currency, for which you need to
generate reports.
reporting set of books
A finan cial reporting entity that is associated w ith a p rimary set of books. It has th e
same chart of accoun ts and accoun ting calend ar, but usu ally a different functional
currency.
reserved word
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 96/106
Glossary-14
A w ord that has a special meaning to any comp uter program. Custom-built
programs that integrate with Oracle Applications must not use reserved words.
responsibility
A collection of functions w ithin an Oracle App lication. Each App lications u ser isassigned one or m ore responsibilities to allow them access to App lications forms.
rollback segment
A set of entries used to u nd o changes in the database in the event of transaction
rollback, crash , or med ia recovery.
rollback tablespace
A tablespace created for rollback segments.
RPC (Remote Procedure Call)
A protocol that allows a client to execute a p rogram on a server. The client sends a
message to the server with ap propriate arguments and the server returns a message
containing the program’s results.
schema
An ORACLE account or ORACLE ID.
server
A program or machine that p rovides resources, such as files, processing, or other
information, to other program s or machines, wh ich are called clients. For example,
the Oracle Forms Server p rocess runs on a forms server (machine), and th e Oracle8
Server (database process) run s on a da tabase server. Server p rocesses may
commu nicate with other p rograms, such as desktop client processes, or otherservers.
service
A Window s NT interna l software routine that provides sup port for other
applications. The Oracle8 Server, Net8, and Oracle Applications concurrent
man agers all make u se of services.
servlet
A Java p rogram executed on a w eb server, rather than d ownloaded to a d esktop
client. See also applet.
SGA (System Global Area)
A reserved section of main m emory that p rovides comm un ication between all
d b d h ORACLE b k d
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 97/106
Glossary-15
database users and the ORACLE backgroun d p rocesses.
shared product
See dependent product .
short name
An abbreviation for an Oracle Applications prod uct (such as gl for Oracle General
Ledger).
shut down
The process of stopp ing an active process, such as an ORACLE instance or a
concurrent manager, to make it unava ilable.
single ORACLE account product
In the older Mu ltiple Sets Of Books Architecture, an Oracle App lications prod uct
that on ly requires one produ ct schema to imp lement m ultiple sets of books. For
example, Oracle General Ledger on ly requires one prod uct schema to imp lement
three sets of books in th is architecture. In the newer Multi-Org architecture, single
ORACLE account p rodu cts also require only one produ ct schema.
sizing factor
An integer tha t determines the grow th rate, as a percentage of their defaults, for the
da tabase objects of an Oracle App lications p rodu ct.
SmartClient
An imp lementation u sed with Release 10 to provide client/ server access to Oracle
Applications.
SOA
See single ORACLE account product .
SQL (Structured Query Language)
An internationa lly standard langu age used to access data in a relational da tabase.
The acronym is pronou nced “sequel.”
SQL*Loader
An Oracle8 Server tool used to load un structured data from operating system files
into Oracle8 Server d atabase tables.
SQL*Plus
An Oracle program you can use to enter and run SQL comm ands and PL/ SQL
bl k th t t d t i d t i d t f ORACLE d t b
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 98/106
Glossary-16
blocks that store data in and retrieve data from an ORACLE database.
SQL script
A file containing SQL statements th at you run with a tool such as SQL*Plus to
query or u pd ate ORACLE data.
Standard Request Submission
A standard interface in Oracle App lications that lets you run an d m onitor
concurren t requests.
subdirectory
A d irectory that is contained within another directory.
synonym
An alias for a table, view, sequence, or p rogram u nit that m asks the real name and
owner of the object, provides pu blic access to the object, and simp lifies SQL
statements for database users.
syntax
The orderly system by wh ich command s, qualifiers, and parameters are arrangedtogether to form valid command strings.
SYS username
One of two standard DBA usernam es automat ically created w ith each database (the
other is SYSTEM). SYS ow ns the base d ata d ictionary t ables and views. See also
SY STEM username.
SYS.DUAL tableA necessary table in any relational database. SYS.DUAL conta ins exactly one row,
and is used as a "du mm y" table in a SQL statement to return values that are not
stored in tables, such as constant va lues, evaluations of arithm etic expressions, or
system values like the current d ate.
system administrator
Responsible for administering the Ap plications developmen t system, includ ing
configuring and main taining hardware and software. The term also applies to the
person w ho manages administrative tasks in Applications, such as registering newusers and defining system p rinters, using the System Ad ministrator responsibility.
SYSTEM schema
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 99/106
Glossary-17
See SY STEM username.
SYSTEM tablespace
Holds data d ictionary tables own ed by the SYS accoun t. It is created w hen youinstall the database.
SYSTEM username
One of tw o standard usernames autom atically created with each database (the other
is SYS). The SYSTEM username is the preferred username to use when performing
da tabase maintenance. See also SYS username.
tableThe basic un it of storage in a relational database ma nagem ent system. A table
represents entities and relationships, and consists of one or more un its of
information (rows), each of w hich contains the sam e kinds of values (columns).
tablespace
A logical portion of an ORACLE database used to allocate storage for data and to
group related logical structures. For examp le, one tablespace may contain all of one
Oracle Applications prod uct’s database tables and indexes.
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol)
A w idely-used indu stry-standard networking p rotocol used for commu nication
among computers.
technical specialist
Responsible for designing, developing, unit testing, imp lementing, and maintainingcustomizations for Oracle Applications.
temporary tablespace
A tablespace used w hen a SQL statement requ ires the creation of temp orary
segments (for examp le, the creation of an index).
thin client
A desktop client designed to be small and low-maintenance, usu ally without a hard
dr ive, and intended for optimal use in a mu lti-tier architecture environment . Server
machines perform d ata p rocessing actions instead of the thin client. The term refersto either a desktop client compu ter, such as a Network Com pu ter, or the client
software that is ru nning on tha t machine. See also tier .
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 100/106
Glossary-18
tier
A set of machines that perform similar tasks. Client/ server is a two-tier
architecture, with machines on th e client tier connecting to m achines on the server
tier. A m ulti-tier architectu re consists of three or m ore tiers. In Release 11, machines
on the d esktop client tier commu nicate with m achines on the app lication tier, which
in turn, comm unicate with each other and with machines on the database tier.
TWO_TASK
Und er UNIX, an environmen t setting that ident ifies the network a lias of an
ORACLE instance running on th e local machine or on another networked m achine.
This variable overrides any setting for ORACLE_SID and causes the N et8 software
to m anage th e connection requ est. See also ORACLE_SID an d LOCAL.
user ID
The combination of a u sername and its password .
username
A nam e that gran ts access to a secure environm ent or program, such as an ORACLE
database or Oracle Applications. A usernam e is custom arily associated w ith a
collection of privileges and data available to a part icular user (responsibilities inOracle Applications). Every usernam e is associated w ith a passw ord.
view
A custom-tailored p resentation of the d ata in one or more tables. A view can be
thought of as a "stored qu ery."
WAN (Wide Area Network)
A commun ications netw ork tha t connects geographically separated areas. See also
LAN .
web browser
A program running on a desktop client that views d ocum ents formatted in H TML
and run s Java ap plets. A web brow ser send s requests to a web server using a special
protocol ( HTTP) to retrieve documen ts and Java applets.
web server
A typ e of application server that runs an HTTP listener. (The term is also used by
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 101/106
Glossary-19
yp app a v a a ( a y
some in an informal m anner to describe the software running the H TTP listener, as
in "the Ap ache web server." Oracle App lications man uals u se only the first
definition.)
World Wide Web (WWW)
A hyp ertext-based system for browsing m ultimedia docum ents that u ses the
Internet as its transport m echanism. In a hypertext system, you navigate am ong
docum ents by following hyperlinks, which take you to other docum ents. Often
simp ly referred to as "the Web." See also HTML an d HTTP.
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 102/106
Glossary-20
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 103/106
Index-1
Index
Symbols# notat ion , xii
% nota tion , xii
_ALL, 3-8
A
AD Configuration Utility, xi
adm in directory
overview, 4-2administration server
in Release 11, 1-9
APPL_TOP, 4-1
app lication server
d efin ed , 1-4
app lication tier
for Release 11, 1-4
Applications datamainta ining, 1-10
App lications database up dates
app ly ing, 1-10
APPLLOG
overview, 4-8
APPLOUT
overview, 4-8
APPS schema
and base product schemas, 3-3benefits of using, 3-4
custom schema access, 3-6
data access, 3-6
how AutoInstall creates, 3-5
overview, 3-3
attachments
u sin g, 1-14
C
ca rt ridge, 1-6
certificate file
definit ion of, 1-4
character set
for Oracle8 Server, 3-20
CLIENT_INFO, 3-8common directories
for multiple product groups, 4-13
illustration, 4-13
multip le, 4-13
common directory, 4-10
single, 4-12
concurrent parallel processing
overview, 1-10
concurrent processinghow it works, 1-10
concurrent processing server
in Release 11, 1-10
interaction with forms servers, 1-11
customizations
custom schema access, 3-6
data access, 3-6
D
data files
for Oracle8 Server, 3-20
database
installing and upgrading, 1-10
database server
in Release 11, 1-9
database tier
for Release 11, 1-8
DateTrack, 2-5
DB_BLOCK_SIZE param eter, 3-21
default storage
in product directory tree, 4-9
dependent produ cts
b t 2 7
H
help
context-sensitive, 1-15
HRMS product familyabou t, 2-5
HTML directory
illustration of, 4-3
overview, 4-3
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 104/106
Index-2
abou t, 2-7
desktop client
d efin ed , 1-2
desktop client tier
for Release 11, 1-2digital signature
definit ion of, 1-4
directories
across file systems, 4-4
common log and output, 4-10
languages, 4-6
localizations, 4-5
multiple version, 4-7
temporary, 4-14
directory stru cture
basic, 4-1
illustration of basic, 4-2
distributed directory stru cture
illustration of, 4-5
overview, 4-4
FFastFormula , 2-5
forms client ap plet
how it works, 1-12
forms server
d efin ed , 1-5
opt imiz ing, 1-12
full product installation
requirements for, 2-6
G
grants
between user IDs, 3-2
,
HTTP listener, 1-6
I
initialization parameters
for Oracle8 Server, 3-21
interim tablespace, 3-23
J
JAR file
definit ion of, 1-3
Java archive (JAR) filesdownloading, 1-13
Java directory
illustration of, 4-3
overview, 4-3
L
language d irectory stru cture
illustration of, 4-7language installation
abou t, 2-8
load balancing
among forms servers, 1-5
u sin g, 1-13
localization directory structure
illustration of, 4-6
localizations
abou t, 2-8database objects included, 3-6
directory s tructure, 4-5
log and ou tpu t directories
in a product directory tree, 4-11
single common directory, 4-12
log and ou tpu t files
default storage
for multiple product groups, 4-12
illustration of, 4-10
for single product group, 4-9
selecting storage for, 4-14
log files
m an agin g, 4-8
M
Multiple Reporting Currencies
overview, 1-14, 3-9
mu ltiple sets of books
illustration of architecture, 3-18
overview, 3-16
multi-tier architecture
how it works, 1-2
N
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 105/106
Index-3
M
MAXDATAFILES parameter, 3-20
MAXEXTENTS, 3-23
Metrics Serverdefinit ion of, 1-5
MOA (Multiple Oracle Account), 3-16
MRC
illustration of architecture, 3-13
illustration of setup, 3-11
overview of architecture, 3-12
See Multiple Reporting Currencies, 3-9
setting up p rimary responsibility for, 3-10
synonyms, 3-16transaction table/ sub-table illustration, 3-14
triggers, 3-14
using in GL, 3-16
view s, 3-14
in Oracle Assets and Projects, 3-14
in Oracle Payables, Receivables, and
Purchasing, 3-15
Multiple Oracle Account (MOA), 3-16
Multiple Organization Architecture
_ALL, 3-8
changes from Release 10.6, 3-9
CLIENT_INFO, 3-8
ORG_ID, 3-8
overview, 3-7
partitioned objects, 3-8
patch ing, 3-9
SO_HEADERS_ALL, 3-8multiple produ ct groups
log and output file management, 4-11
mu ltiple prod uct installation grou ps
illustration of, 3-19
mu ltiple prod uct versions
installed on one file system, 4-8
N
Network latency
minimiz ing, 1-12
NT operating systemusing for AutoInstall, 2-9
O
operating unit
definit ion of, 3-8
Oracle Alert
description of, 2-6
mail products used with, 2-5Oracle Application Object Library
description of, 2-5
Oracle Ap plications DBA
description of, 2-6
Oracle Ap plications Utilities
description of, 2-6
Oracle Consulting Services, xi
Oracle Forms server engine, 1-5
Oracle General Ledger
interim tablespace, 3-23
Oracle InterOffice, 2-5
Oracle Manufacturing product family
abou t, 2-5
Oracle Projects prod uct family
abou t, 2-5
Oracle Self-Service Web Applications
and Web Server , 1-7Oracle Support Services, xi
ORACLE user ID
localizations, 3-6
overview, 3-2
Oracle8 Server
data files for, 3-20
database character set, 3-20
database creation, 3-20
initialization parameters for, 3-21
overview, 3-19
requirements for, 2-9
tablespaces, 3-21
ORG_ID, 3-8
output files
m an ag in g 4-8
S
security
how it works, 1-3
set of booksdefinit ion of, 3-7
short names
p rod u cts, 2-1
Single Oracle Account (SOA), 3-16
8/8/2019 Architecture Oracle APPS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/architecture-oracle-apps 106/106
Index-4
m an ag in g, 4 8
P
par titioned objectsin Mult i-Org, 3-8
pinning stored packages, 1-13
primary functional currency
definit ion of, 3-10
primary responsibility
setting up for MRC, 3-10
primary set of books
definit ion of, 3-10
product familiesgroup ings, 2-3
product groups
in databases , 3-1
multiple in separate databases, 3-2
prod uct installation grou ps
and Multiple Sets of Books, 3-18
illustration of multiple, 3-19
multip le, 3-18
prod uct version num bers
list of, 2-1
products
required for installation, 2-5
required full installations, 2-6
R
Registry variables, xiiReport Review Agent, 1-15
reporting functional currency
definit ion of, 3-10
repor ting set of books
definit ion of, 3-10
rollback tablespace, 3-22
single product installation group
illustration of, 3-8
sizing factor
100%, 3-24
greater than 100%, 3-24
less than 100%, 3-24
overview, 3-23
recommended, 3-25
sample extent sizes, 3-24
SO_HEADERS_ALL, 3-8
spreadsheets
exporting, 1-15
SYSTEM tablespace, 3-21
T
tablespaces
setting up for products, 3-22
temporary files
storage methods, 4-14
temporary tablespaces, 3-23
tools tablespace, 3-21TOP d irectories
m u ltip le, 4-7
TOP variables
product
overview, 4-2
products
list of, 2-1
U
users tablespace, 3-22
W
web server , 1-6