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Arctic Safety Issues

Dr. Nataly Marchenko

The University Centre in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway

Arctic Technology Department

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Outline l Introduction l Arctic Shipping. Who, why, when

and how? l Arctic Challenges. Sea Ice l Ship accidents in the Arctic l Maritime preparedness

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The University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS) - The northernmost university

•  Gate to the Polar Ocean •  Area with increased strategic significance •  Well suited to observe climate change… •  Use nature as laboratory •  Investigation of Sea Ice properties. Full scale experiments

UNIS

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l  Offshore and Coastal Technology for Petroleum Production and Transport from Arctic Waters – Norwegian Research Council

l  Task 8: Collection of ice pilot experiences from sealers/sailors

PetroArctic project. 2008-2012

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SEA Kara Laptev E. Siberian

Chuk chi

Total

Forced drift

12 7 3 7 29

Over wintering

8 6 9 8 31

Shipwreck 6 2 4 7 19

Damage 4 2 5 4 15

Total 30 17 21 26 94

Accidents with ice in the Russian Arctic since 1900

Reasons:

Drift/ nipping

Ice floe hit

Ice jet

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CURRENT PROJECTS

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SAMCoT - Sustainable Arctic Marine and Coastal Technology (NTNU and 18 research and industrial partners) 2011-2016 Research Council of Norway and companies MARPART - MARITIME PREPAREDNESS AND INTERNATIONAL PARTNERSHIP IN THE HIGH NORTH (University of NORDLAND and 8 partners), 2014-2016 Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Nordland County Administration

SMIDA - Safety of Maritime operation and sustainable industrial development in the Arctic (UNIS and 5 universities ) 2012-2015 Norwegian Centre for International Cooperation in Education

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Arctic Shipping. Who, why, when and how?

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http://weathernews.com/TFMS/

Ship traffic in Arctic. Global perspective

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Ship traffic in Arctic. Polar perspective

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http://www.arkgis.org/

Passenger ships

Oil and Gas transport

Fishing vessels

Cargo transport

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Arctic Shipping. ArkGIS. Arctic perspective

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September March Sea ice concentration and ship traffic patterns. 2012

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Sea ice general features

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Schematic representation of an hypothetical scenario showing some of the most common sea-ice related features. The bear provides an approximate scale for this scenario.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_ice

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Sea ice maps

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http://www.arctic-lio.com/nsr_ice http://nsra.ru/ru/icecharts/

Northern Sea Route Administration Web-site. AARI

Global Ice Concentration Data is Provided by Weathernews Inc.

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Sea ice induced accidents

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http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/2007_Arctic_Sea_Ice.jpg

1. Freighter Nina Sagaydak, 1983. Chukchi Sea

2. Cruise ship Maksim Gorkiy, 1989. Greenland Sea

3. Tanker Nordvik, 2013. Kara Sea

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1. CHUKCHI SEA. 1983

(5 October. 9:20)

Early cold autumn + North-westerly wind

30 vessels damages 1 vessel

Lost Many vessels

westbound

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CHUKCHI SEA. Two Pilots Island. 1983

(5 October. 9:50 – 6 October 24:00)

(7 October)

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CHUKCHI SEA. Two Pilots Island. 1983 (8 October – 9 October 02:15)

Photos courtesy Far East Ship Company

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23.05 – Maksim Gorkiy collided with the ice. A crucial maneuver resulted in a 10 m long rip in the hull in addition to some smaller rips in the bow 00.05 – Maxim Gorky’s Captain sent an emergency message on the distress frequency 500 kHz requesting assistance At 00.40 on the 20th of June 1989, the Captain on board the Norwegian Coast Guard vessel KV Senja received a message from Svalbard radio that a vessel positioned 60 nm West of Isfjorden required assistance

2. Greenland Sea. 20.06.1989

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Vessel in distress

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Photo by Odd Mydland http://www.sintef.no/upload/Konsern/Media/SINTEF-seminar%20foredrag/Foredrag%20Sigurd%20Kleiven%205%20nov%202012.pdf

575 passengers (73 quiet old and infirm) , 378 crew members.

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Help comming

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Photos by Odd Mydland http://www.sintef.no/upload/Konsern/Media/SINTEF-seminar%20foredrag/Foredrag%20Sigurd%20Kleiven%205%20nov%202012.pdf

The Senja reached the area at 4:20 a.m., about five hours after the accident, and all the passengers were picked up within three hours.

Ice field – 1,5 nm wide, 1 m thick

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Rescue

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Photos by Odd Mydland http://www.sintef.no/upload/Konsern/Media/SINTEF-seminar%20foredrag/Foredrag%20Sigurd%20Kleiven%205%20nov%202012.pdf

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On the board of Senja

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Photos by Odd Mydland http://www.sintef.no/upload/Konsern/Media/SINTEF-seminar%20foredrag/Foredrag%20Sigurd%20Kleiven%205%20nov%202012.pdf

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3. Kara Sea.04.09.2013

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Base map: AARI - http://www.aari.nw.ru/projects/ECIMO/ModuleLoad.php?mod=d0015&in=1

A tanker Nordvik loaded with diesel fuel was holed by an ice floe and suffered ingress of water.

Sea Ice Compactness 7-10

Sea Ice Compactness 1-6

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Reloading of fuel

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http://funfix.ru/post/48126/

September 10 , 2013 The hole has been plugged with a cement box and the water ingress has stopped. There was no information about any leakage of oil. September 11, 2013 a total of 1800 liters of diesel oil was reloaded from the Nordvik into the tanker Boris Vilkitsky.

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September, 12 - Nordvik and Boris Vilkitsky were accompanied by two nuclear-powered icebreakers, the Taymyr and the Vaigach, out of the Matisen strait.

September, 14 – They came to open water September, 17 – They left NSR water and went to Anabar river

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Arctic Shipping. Svalbard Area as a model for the future?

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Ship traffic in Svalbard area

4 main group vessels: 1)  Tourist, 2)  Cargo, 3)  Research, 4)  Fishing. Ship traffic has Increased in recent years as a result of increased cruise traffic.

Ship traffic has large seasonal variation. For example, from January to May - 10 -20 fishing vessel. From June to August there are approximately 30-40 vessels. From September to December there are approximately 50-60 vessels. Tourist season starts in May with about 2 ships. In July-August there are 15 to 30 ships, in September - around 10, and 2-4 ships at the end of the season until October .. http://www.portlongyear.no/sites/p/portlongyear.no/files/

e52bbc5f891653fa5c527d9594aeaf22.pdf

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Ship traffic in Svalbard Area

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Spring   Summer   Autumn   Winter  

Passenger-blue lines; Fishing vessels – yellow line

General Cargo – blue lines, Bulk ships – orange, Tankers (Chemical product and oil) – red reefers – green and other activities in white

http://www.arkgis.org/

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3 types of tourist ship/cruises

Day excursion– 20-60 pax.

Expedition – 10-200 pax

Overseas 1000-3800 pax

http://www.kystverket.no/PageFiles/1706/Risk%20assessment%20regarding%20piloting%20service%20or%20pilot%20exemption%20certificate%20on%20Svalbard.pdf

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Ship Accidents in Svalbard area

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430 km

220 km

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Svalbard Area Maritime preparedness

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Svalbard. Available resources

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Part of Longyearbyen Red Cross (LRC) emergency equiment •  Field Hospital

–  1 Surgery room –  4 Care Units capacity 100

people •  Emergency Response

Unit –  Tents 150 pepole –  30 bags, containing

Arctic Survival gear, capacity 240 people

–  Total capacity 400 people

Arctic Survival Kit

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Jørgen Haagensli, Tomas Ringen

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30 bags, each bag containing equipment for 8 Survivors 1 Waterproof bag with the following gear : •  4 Jervenbags kings size

Thermo extreme. An Arctic lifesaver

•  2 Sleeping pads •  8 Bottles of water •  8 Heatpack •  1 Readyheat heatblanket •  1 Samsplint First-Aid Pillow

Arctic Survival Kit

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Jørgen Haagensli, Tomas Ringen

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2h

4h

P-3 Orion

Dornier

Norwegian C-130 Hercules

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The Svalbard Exercise 3-6 November 2014

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cooperative exercise the Norwegian Directorate of Health, health administration, institutions in Northern Norway, The hospital in Longyearbyen, the Governor on Svalbard, Longyearbyen municipality and other local institutions and organizations.

05.00 “esplosion” 06:12 First helicopter came. About 80 "injured" people on shore, "KV Svalbard" and helicopter in background

http://www.stefanclaes.com/2014/HTML/11/a.htm

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The Svalbard Exercise 3-6 November 2014

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http://www.stefanclaes.com/2014/HTML/11/a.htm

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The Svalbard Exercise 3-6 November 2014

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12. 30 daylight is back and last people getting pickup with the "Super Puma" http://www.stefanclaes.com/2014/HTML/11/a.htm

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Acknowlegement

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Thank you for your attention

SAMCoT project SMIDA project MARPART project Colleagues at UNIS

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