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d M3BOpCTB0, XOTFI CYqeCTBeHHO nOBJlMRTb Ha MCXOA C P ~ X ~ H M ~ ~
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repMaHcKMx IJJT~PMOB~IX BMHTOBOK nocne B O R H ~ I o~a3anocb
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HeKOTOpblX @MJlbMax CJlerKa < < f l ~ ~ ~ a ~ y ~ f l M p ~ B a H ~ b l b MP.44 AaXe Mrpan p0nb ~ M ~ ~ M K ~ H C K O ~ ~ BMHTOBKM M16).
B TOM Xe 1943 ropy aMepMKaHUbl npMHRnM Kapa6MH M2 - ' . M O A H @ M K ~ ~ M H ) M I C IlepeBOA'iMKOM BeAeHMFI OAMHO4HOrO
M n M HenpepbleHoro orHn, HO Ha ponb nonHouenHoro aerouaTa
M n M w ~ y p ~ o e o f i BMHTOBKM Kapa6MH M2 He TUHyn.
H e ~ u b l x e npoAonxnnM P ~ ~ B M T M ~ LUTYPMOB~IX BMHTOBOK.
O A H ~ M3 OflblTHblX UlTyPMOBblX BMHTOBOK 1945 rOAa, CO3AaH-
Hag +npMoi? c<Maysep>>, e q e cblrpaeT ceoo ponb B nocneeo- eHHOMJa3BMTMM OPYXMSI. BnpoqeM, K KOHL! ~ 0 f i ~ b l HeMUaM - Y - -. --mA.
flpMwJlOCb 3aHRTbCFI 6onee YnPOU(eHHblMM - n0p0fi A0 npM- MMTMBHOCTM - 06pa3Ua~M AJ'lR BOOPYXeHMR ~$oJ~~KcuIT)'P-
Ma*. C ~ ~ A M T ~ K M X 0 6 p a 3 ~ 0 ~ 6blna M BMHTOBK~ VG-1-5 C IlOny- ~B060pHblM 3aTBOpOM flOA TOT Xe QKYPlp-IlaTPOH.
I l ossne~ne repMaHcKoro 7,92-MM ~ ~ y p q n - n a ~ p o ~ a M opy- XMFI nOA Her0 IlOAXJl~CTHynO pa6o~hl Haip, ~ O A O ~ H ~ I M KOMnJle-
KCOM ~ n a ~ p o ~ - o p y x n e > > B CCCP. ~ ~ M ~ T M M , \JTO npsworo Konn- ,
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f l p~Me~)V~qHb lA naTpOH pa3pa6a~b l~anc~ no C O ~ C T B ~ H H M M
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canmoron MHpueupyanbHoro opyx~s l n ~ c ~ o n e ~ y - n y n e ~ e ~ y
He nOp CMny. H M no ~@$I~KTMBHo~~ AanbHOCTM OrHFI (A0 200- 300 M M3 Y C T O ~ ~ ~ M B ~ I X n ~ n ~ ~ e ~ ~ f i ] , HM no n p o 6 u e ~ o ~ y A ~ A C T - BUD nynw [nynn naTpoHa TT, HanpuMep, npo6usana cTanbHylo
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BblRBJleHHblM ~0fiH0fi. A Tpe60~aJlocb Op)'XMe, flO3BOJlROUee
HaAeXHO IlOpaXaTb OqepeAFIMM qenM Ha AaJlbHOCTRX 40Q 500 M, a OAMHOC~H~IM orHeM -AO 800 M. K ~ D ~ O M K peweHuO
M 6bln HOBMR naTpOH. ~ P M 3TOM BblABMHyJlM lpe60BaHMe - 06e~fle.lMTb ~aJlbH0cTb npRMOr0 BblCTpeJla, aHaJlOrM'4HylO Ka-
pa6 t .1~~ o6p. 1938 r. ~ P O M ~ X Y T O C I H ~ I ~ ~ naTpOH, ncnonb3ye-
MblR BMeCTO IlMCTOJleTHOrO M BMHTOBOqHOrO B MaCCOBblX 06- pa3UaX OPYXUR, KpOMe TOrO, nO3BOJlRn HaMHOrO YnPOCTMTb
C H ~ ~ X ~ H M ~ .
B.T. & ~ o p o e M A.A. 6naronpasoe r ipemaram n e p e f i ~ ~ K
KaflL46py 6,5 MM. He M3 npoc~oR TRrM K HOBM3He, a 443 Hay.lHO
O ~ O C H O B ~ H H O ~ ~ 3aKOHOMepHOCTM - HOBOe nOKOneHMe MHAM-
BMAyaJlbHOrO OPYXMR BCerAa 6 ~ n 0 CM3aHO C YMeHbWeHHeM
~anu6pa. O A H ~ K O Ha T ~ K O ~ War PelUMnMCb TOnbKO rlepe3 20 neT. n0Ka Xe HOBOMY naTpOHy OCTaBMnM KanM6p 7,62 MM. M He CTOnbKO M3-3a C O M W ~ H M ~ ~ B y 6 0 f i ~ 0 ~ M OCTaHaBnMBalOU(eM
A ~ ~ ~ C T B U M Man0KanM6epHbl~ nynb, CKOJlbKO no TeXHOnOrMcle-
CKMM C O O ~ ~ ~ X ~ H M F I M - e q e CnOXHO 6bln0 C AOAXHOA TOCIHO-
CTbO MaCCOBO M3TOTaBnMBaTb ~an0~aJlbI6ep~ble CTBOnbl M
<<BTMCH~TLW B ~ a n b ~ f i ~anu6p cneUuanbHble (~paccnpytoq~e, 6 p 0 ~ e 6 0 f i ~ 0 - 3 a ~ ~ r a ~ e n b ~ u e ) nyJlM, Aa M OTKa3blBaTbCR OT
3anaCOB MepMTenbHMX MHCTPYMBHTOB M npucnoco6ne~~A flOA
~ a n ~ 6 p 7,62 MM 6b1n0 Hepa3yMHO. B KOHue KOHUOB, I lOA 060-
3HaVeHMeM < < 7 , 6 2 - ~ ~ ~ ~ P O M ~ X Y T O C I H ~ I ~ ~ flaTpOH o6p. 1943 r.>> npMHRnM BapMaMT, pa3pa60TaHHblfi B 0K6-44 H.M. Enusapo- BblM, n.B. P R ~ ~ H O B ~ I M M 6.B. C ~ M M H ~ I M . nepByt0 napTMlo
7,62-MM nP0Me)KYTO'IHblX naTPOHOB MCflblTaJlM B ~eKa6pe
1943 rwa. A HOBOe CaMOe MaCCOBOe OpyXUe neXOTbl- aBTOMaT POX-
AaJlCFI KaK 6b1 B UeHTpe TpeyrOJlbHMKa: <<aBTOMaTMqeCKaFI
BMHTOBK~~~MCTO~~T-nyneMeT-pyr lHof i flyneMeT>>, - HO OH
He AOnXeH 6bln 3aMeHMTb BCe 3TM TMnbl OPYXMFI (XOTFI B rep- MaHnu B KoHUe BORHM npemaranw O T K ~ ~ ~ T ~ C F I OT nynewe-,
CT~HKOBM~ nyAeMeT Cr-43 Ha CTaHKe Aempesa-Tapanm~a, CCCP, 1943 r. P a 6 o ~ a a e ~ o ~ m ~ m - o ~ e o a n o p o x o - BMX raso~, ~annpa~me - n e p e ~ o c o ~ 4 m o p a , narpon - 7.62x54R. ~acca A 6e3 n a ~ p o ~ o e ~a c r a ~ ~ e co UHTOM - 4 5 KT, OrOHb - Henpepbl~Hbl8, TeMn crpenb6b1- 500-700 BUCT~./MHH, npm- UenbHaR MJIbHOCTb - 2 000-2 300 M,
eMK0CTb AeHTbl - 20 H 200 naTpOHOB
--
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KH - OTAarla CTBOfla C KOPOTKMM XO-
OM, ~annpa~me - nosopo~~ol i s-ryn- KOA, naTpon - 20x81,8, TeMn cTpenb- 6b1 - 700 B~ICTP./MHH. eMKOCTb AeH- Tbl - 250 naTpoHoe. T a ~ o i 44KpynHO- ~anm6epnblii nyneMern ncnonbooea- ~ H B O C H O B H O M B O ~ C K ~ C C
nopoxoewx rasoe, sannpanne - nepe~oco~ sa~~opa, na-rpon - 7.92~33
<<lcypq~, ~acca 6es na~po~oe - 4,62 Kr, MMHa - 960 MM, OrOHb -
. . ounnosnwii mn nenpepwenuCi, TeMn ~ ~ p e n b 6 ~ - 500 B~ICTP./MHH, IlpMqWlbHaSl WbHOCTb - 800 M, ~ M K O C T ~ ~ a r a s n ~ a - 30 naTpoHoe
TOE Ha COUKB, pa3 IlOslBHnaCb UTypMOBaR BMHTOBK~]. Cyue- CTBeHHOe OTnM'4Me COBeTCKMX pa6o-r no CO3AaHMI0 OPYXMFl
nOA I~PoM~x)To'-IH~I~~ naTpOH 3aKJllo'iaJlOCb B TOM, '4TO 3aAa-
HMe 6blno BblAaHO Cpa3y Ha TPM 06pa3ua, KOTOpble COCTaBM-
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~ M P O B B H H ~ I ~ ~ naTpOH Ha YpOBHe B3BOAa. Ha 3aMeHy nMcT0Jle-
~ a - n y n e ~ e ~ a co3~asanc~ l asToMaT IKOTOPOMY CyxAeHo 6blno
CTaTb OCHOBHblM M HaM60Jlee MaCCOBblM 06pa340~1, Ha 3aMe-
HY Mara3MHHOrO Kapa6Mtia - caM03apR~~blf i Kapa6MH, Ha
3aMeHy PYclHOrO IlyJleMeTa n0A B M H T O B O ~ ~ H ~ I ~ ~ naTpOH - Jler- KMA P Y C I H O ~ ~ nyJleMeT, I lepeti~~MMblf i BMeCTe C 60e~oMnJle~-
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nepBblM B pa6o~y HaA aBTOMaTOM n0a ~ ~ o M ~ x Y T o ~ H ~ I A
naTpoH o6p. 1943 r. wnlorMncri A.M. Cy~aes, pa3pa60~aa 3a
rOA 4 OflblTHble CMCTeMbl. OnblTbl CKOPO IlOATBePAMJlM, clTO MC-
nOJlb3OBaHMe B OPYXMM nOA np~Mt?~)T~rHb l f i IlaTpOH CXeMbl C
o ~ ~ a r l e A s a ~ ~ o p a , KaK B n ~ c ~ o n e ~ e - n y n e ~ e ~ e , n o ~ p e 6 y e ~ He- OnPaBAaHHO 6onbwoA MaCCbl BCerO OPYXMR. ~ O ~ T O M Y Bbl6pa-
JlM BapMaHT aBTOMaTHKM C ra3OBblM ABMraTeJleM. B c ~ o p e n o ~ w l o c l ~ n ~ c b ~ p y r ~ e KOHCTPYKTOP~I. Yxe B anpene 1944 ro- Aa ~p0lUnM MCflblTaHMR aBTOMaTbl A.M. Cy~aeBa, B.A. Aerrg-
pesa, 0.B. To~apeea, C.A. h p o e n ~ a , 3 a ~ e ~ B KOHKYPC BKnto-
clMnMCb r.C. LUnarMH, A.A. ~ Y ~ K M H , K.A. 6apblues.
~ P ~ K T M ~ ~ ~ C K M B 3TO BPeMR YCTaHaBnMBanMCb 'iePTbl aBTO-
MaTa, KOTOPble 3HaKOMbl HIM M IlOHblHe: ~ ~ P O M ~ X Y T O ~ H ~ I ~ na- TPOH (CO BpeMeHeM TaKMe naTpOHbl y HaC CTanM MMeHOBaTb
< ~ ~ S T O M ~ T H ~ I M M ~ ] , ~ $ $ ~ K T M B H ~ S I AanbHOCTb cTpeJlb6bl A0
400-500 M, ~ k t e ~ ~ b l f i Wara3MH eMKOCTbI0 A0 30 naTpOHOB,
pa3nepb1 M Macca, ~ O ~ B O ~ R H J ~ M ~ ~ c n o n b s o ~ a ~ b ero KaK Mac- COBOe MHAMBMfiYanbHOe OPYXMe B pa3JlMclHblx ~ C ~ O B M R X 6 0 ~ .
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BCI UlaHhbl flOndCTb Ra BOOP)OKeHMe, HO CKOPOnOCTMXHaR
CMePTb KOHCTpYKTOPa B 1946 rOAy IlpepBana er0 pa60~bl.
Aa~lanb~efiwMfi x o ~ 3 ~ 0 r o KoHKypca OTHOCMTCSI yxe K nocneso-
t3titlClA MCTDPUM OPWUI.
Kpynno~ann6epnblii nyneMeT AUK Ha craHKe Konec~n~oea B
nonoxeHnn ann sennrnol CTpWlb6b1, C KWlbl@BblM 3eHHT- H~IM npnqenon. Pa6o~a aewna- THKH - OTBOU IlOPOXOBblX mOB, sannpanne - Karaloulnnnncn 60- eewnn ynopawn, naTpoH - 12.7~108 AUK, MaCCa Ha CTaHKe 6e3 na-rponoe H. qnTa - I48 Kr, ~ -x%dpa340~ nOA
n p a ~ m p o G w b r l nhlruH. Tap, c.r. CMMOHOB npeAcTaeun ca- ~ 0 3 a p ~ ~ t i b l f i Kapa6MH, ~blIl0JlHeH~blA Ha OCHOBe ero Xe
onblnloro Kapa6MHa 1941 rona. H yxe B Harane 1945 roAa ' -kd
B O ~ ~ C K O B ~ I ~ MCnblTaHMR Kapa6klHa C H M O H O B ~ CKC nPOXOAMJlM
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npUqeJlbHaa MnbHOCTb - 2 19456 M 12 006 sipnos), eMKom nenw - 250 IlaTpOHOB [ x o ~ ~ o M ~ ]
Cxe~a ycrpolc~sa eAmHoro nyne- Men MG.42, r e p ~ a ~ n a , 1962 r. Pa- 6o~a aBTOMaTHKH - OTAaqa CTBOna C
KOPOTKHM XOAOM, 3annpa~ne - po- nalcoeoe, naTpoH - 7,92x57 <<way- 3epw. Macca 6e3 naTponoe c c o w KOW - 11,6 Kr, Macca 6e3 narpoHoe Ha cranlce a62n - 30,l Kr, wnna ccrenau nyneMeTa - 1 219 MM, o m ~ b - ~ e n p e p ~ e ~ ~ i i , TeMn CTpeJlb6bl- 1 200 BMCTP./MHH, npnqenbHaa mnbHOCTb - 2 000 M, eMKOCTb neH- ~ b l - 50 H 250 naTpOHOB
apMMM ycnenM ncnbl-ra-rb M p y ' i ~ o i nyneMeT B.A. ,JJerrrtpesa.
B KOHKYPCe Ha H O B ~ I R 06ner'ieH~blfi p y ' i ~ o i nyneMeT IlpMHsl-
nu y'iacme B.A. Aerrslpee, C.T. CHMOHOB, r.C. U n a r ~ ~ , A.M. C y ~ a e ~ , O.B. To~apes, A.M. U l l n n ~ ~ M ApyrMe. Bb160p nan Ha OAMH M3 BaPMaHTOB K6-2 ,JJerrslpesa C JleHTO'iHblM IlMTaHMeM.
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B CBH3M C pa3rOBOpOM 0 nepBblX C ~ P M R H ~ I X aBTOMaTaX n0A
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BCnOMHMTb TaKOe npncnoco6ne~~e, KaK OTKflOHRtO~aR Ha-
caAKa. P a s n ~ r n b ~ e npncnoco6ne~~sl, n o 3 ~ o n r r ~ ) u ~ e seem npMuenbHyI0 cTpeflb6y M3 OpyXMsl, He BblCOBblBaRCb M3-3a
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~3 ~ a n p a s n e ~ ~ i i . M3 repMaHcKnx p a 3 p a 6 0 ~ o ~ ~ a ~ 6 o n e e YAa'iHblMM OKa3anMCb HaCaAKM K MP.44, OTKnOHRBLUMe Tpae-
KTOPMH) nynM Ha 30". <<Kypu>>-naTpoH C MeHbWMM YAnMHeHM-
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BeH'4aHHOr0, HO YAMBMTenbHO XMBY'-@I-0 M MYCCMPYeMOrO A0
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HYW CMCTeMY BOOPYXeHMR neXOTbl, M He BOCnO$lb30BaTbCR
OnMTOM nPOTMBHMKa 6b1n0 6b1 H ~ ~ C B B O ~ M T ~ ~ ~ H O ~ POCXOUlbKl
[paBHbl~ 06paso~, repMaHcKMe 0py~e f iH l I~M B cenm KOHCT-
p y ~ u u ~ x ncnonbsosan~ o ~ a 3 a s w ~ e c ~ B MX pacnopRxemM
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B O ~ B O ~ ~ H ~ I . Aanbure M ~ Y T p a 3 n t . 1 ~ ~ : s a n ~ p a ~ ~ e - B MP.44 nepeK0cot.i sa~eopa, B AK noeopoToM s a ~ ~ o p a . f l p e ~ o x p a ~ u - TeAb M nepeBOAYMK BMAOB OrHR B MP.44 - pa3~eflbHble, a B
aBTOMaTe K ~ ~ ~ W H H K O B ~ 06be&MHeHbl B OAHy AeTanb. OAHOA M3 O C O ~ ~ H H O C T ~ ~ AK CTaJla c6op~a ~ e ~ a f l e f i aBTOMaTMKM M
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'iana COBeTCKMX p a 6 o ~ Hap, aBTOMaTOM OnblTHble o6pa3ubl
CTanM npeACTaBJlRTb B BapMaHTe C nOCTORHHblM M CKnaAHbiM
npMKnaAoM - nocnejq~nk n p e ~ ~ a 3 ~ a r a n c w BOBAYUHO-
AeCaHTHblX B O ~ ~ C K . B repMaHCKOM MP.44 C B O ~ B ~ ~ T H O ~ npy- X M H O ~ B npbl~nafle Bbln0nHM~b npblctnap, c~Jla&HblM 6bln0 6b1
BeCbMa 3aTpyAHMTenbHO. H ~ K O H ~ ~ MP.44 B 6 o e s o ~ nonoxe- HMM BeCMn OKOJlO 6 KT, AK- 4,3 Kr. npM TOM, CITO ~ ~ P M ~ H C K M ~
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