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Historical Development
BTEC National
Travel and Tourism
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BackgroundThe development of the travel andtourism industry:
� origins in the growth of the middleclasses in Britain
� here that the industrial revolution
began� the introduction of holiday time as
a working right
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FocusFor your studies it¶s sufficient toknow about how the industry has
grown since the end of World War 2.Three Pre-Requisites for T & T:
1. Improvements to communications
2. Transport for the masses3. Increased leisure time
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Communications: Rail� Growth of the train network that
preceded the second world war hit the
buffers during the 1950s and 60s� Government cut large number of train
lines and stations. Closure programmerecommended by BR chief Dr Beeching
� Loss of about 50% of Britain¶s networkover a number of years
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Communications: RailThe cuts have since beenportrayed as a mistake:
� Cut off communities from eachother
� Lost modern parts of the network
� Focused the train network onLondon to detriment of regions
� Failed to save much money
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Communications: Rail� British railway network at its peak
covered more than 20,000 miles
� It now covers approximately10,000 miles
� Analysts believe that this will be
reduced further� Many country lines loss-making
serve few passengers
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Mass Transport� Transport Minister who gave job to
Dr Beeching was former director of
road-building firm� Roads have offered successive
governments a number of advantages over railways
� This has affected UK transportpolicy
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UK Roads Policy� Government builds a road network
in collaboration with the large
construction firms� Consumers or business must buy
vehicles to use the network
� Government raises tax revenuethrough vehicle excise duty (roadfund tax) and fuel duty (petrol tax)
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Air Transport Infrastructure
� 1980 approximately 50 millionpeople used UK airports
� 2000 there were 180 million flyers
� Expected to rise to 500 million by2030
� Airports privatised and expanded
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Impact of Rail Disasters� Southall, Ladbroke Grove, Hatfield
and Potters Bar train crashes in
2000 to 2002� Chaos affected the rail industry at
that time
� Significant numbers of peoplebegan to travel by plane within theUK
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Increased Leisure Time� Governments have enacted legislation
to ensure that workers are able to take
holidays� Changes in people¶s lives both at work
and at home
� Consumer products such as washingmachines, driers and dishwashers havebecome more affordable
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Increased Leisure Time� Technological impact
� Increased affluence
� People have greater leisure timeon their hands
� All of the above have underpinnedthe growth of the UK travel andtourism industry
