Art Study Guide 3

rd, 4

th and 5

th grade

This study guide has important vocabulary, definitions and

illustrations of subjects covered during the school year. Students

will periodically have tests on material in this study guide.

Elements of Art……......page 2 Vocabulary……………………pages 20-24

Line……………………page 3 Ancient Art……………………pages 25-26

Shape……………….….page 4 Egyptian Art…………………..page 27

Value…………….…….page 5 Ancient Greek Art…………….page 28

Form…………………...page 6 Ancient Roman Art…...............page 29

Space………………......pages 7-8 Medieval Art…………………..page 30

Color…………………..pages 9-10 Renaissance Art……………….pages 31-32

Texture………………...page 11 Impressionism…………………page 33

Principles of Design…...page 11a Post-Impressionism…………....page 34

Balance………………...page 12 Modern Art………….................page 35

Contrast………………..page13-14 Op Art……………….................page 36

Movement……………..page15 Traditional Native American…..page 37

Repetition……………..page 16 Australian Aboriginal………….page 38

Rhythm………………..page 17 West African Art………………page 39

Unity…………………..page 18

Variety………………...page 19

Elements of Art

These are the basic elements or building blocks of an art work 1. Line- The path of a moving point. A line may be the edge or contour of a shape. Repeated lines can create value or texture. Lines can be thick or thin, smooth or rough, short or long, light or dark. 2. Value- The lightness or darkness of tones or colors. 3. Texture- The surface or feel of an object, such as rough, scratchy, fuzzy, bumpy, etc. Texture can be real or it can be implied or how it looks like it would feel. 4. Shape - Shape is a two-dimensional or flat area defined by an outline, color or tone. 5. Form - Form is a three-dimensional object with the qualities of length, width, and depth or thickness. 6. Space - The area within, around, between above or below objects and shapes. Space also refers to distance, using perspective that creates the illusion deep space. 7. Color- Color is produced by light reflecting to our eyes. Hue is the name of the color. Intensity is the brightness or dullness of a color.

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Line is the path of a moving

point. A line can be the edge or contour of a shape.

Lines can create VALUE when they are placed close together.

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Elements of Art

SHAPE is flat and has two dimensions: height and width.

Examples of GEOMETRIC SHAPES

rectangle oval hexagon trapezoid triangle

BIOMORPHIC or ORGANIC SHAPES are those of living organisms.

FREE FORM shapes are those like a

paint spill.

POSITIVE shapes are the main objects. The NEGATIVE shape

is the shape around the object.

The arrow is the The area around

Positive shape the arrow is

the negative shape

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Elements of Art

VALUE is the lightness or darkness of a color

or tone.

A value scale shows differences in value.

Light Value Dark Value

VALUE can be achieved in drawing by using

hatched or cross-hatched lines, stippling and blending.

cross-hatched lines stippling blending

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Form is a three-dimensional object with the qualities of height,

width and depth.

A square is a two-dimensional A cube is a three-dimensional (Flat) shape form GEOMETRIC FORMS are cubes, cones, pyramids, spheres and cylinders. ORGANIC forms are similar to those found in nature that have irregular shapes, like roots, rocks and plants. The sculptures below have curved and irregular forms

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Elements of Art

Space is the area within, around, between above or below

objects and shapes.

The object is the positive space. The area around the object is the

negative space

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Elements of Art

Space also refers to distance using perspective that creates the

illusion of deep space.

Linear perspective is used the above drawings. Perspective uses

vanishing points and converging lines to show accurate size changes. Close objects

are larger and have more detail. Objects in the distance appear smaller and have less

detail. Perspective makes objects and forms appear to be three-dimensional

Overlapping forms or shapes can create space

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The Elements of Art

Color is produced when light is reflected from

objects to our eyes.

The PRIMARY colors are red, yellow and blue. Most colors are mixed

from these three colors.

The SECONDARYcolors are green, violet and orange. They are mixed

from the primary colors.

The TERTIARY or intermediate colors are red-orange, red-violet,

yellow-orange, yellow-green, blue-green, and blue-violet. HUE is the name of the color, such as red or violet.

A TINT is a color with white added. A SHADE is a color with black added. The COOL colors are blue, violet and green. The WARM colors are red, yellow and orange. The NEUTRAL colors are white, black and gray.

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A COLOR WHEEL is a tool that artists use to arrange colors.

Colors opposite each other on the color wheel such as blue/orange, yellow/

violet, and red/green are complementary colors. Colors close to each other on the color wheel, such as blue, blue-green and

green are analogous colors.

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Elements of art

Texture is the feeling of an object or surface, such as

smooth, rough, scratchy, fuzzy or bumpy. Texture is what you actually feel when you touch a cat or sandpaper. Texture can also be the illusion of how it may feel, as in a painting or photograph of something rough, scratchy, fuzzy

or bumpy.

Textures can be created from patterns of lines or shapes.

Rubbings are a transferred texture.

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Principles of Design or Principles of Art

These principles are how the elements of art are used.

1. Balance - The arrangement of objects to create a feeling of

equal weight.

Symmetrical balance is the same on either side of a central line

(much like a mirror image).

Asymmetrical balance is not the same on both sides.

Radial balance is composed in a circle.

2. Center of Interest – Also called emphasis. This is the most

important area of an artwork. The area that the viewer notices first.

3. Contrast – contrast is the difference in lines, colors, shapes,

values or textures. For example yellow against black has more

contrast than yellow against white. Contrast can help to create a

center of interest or emphasis

4. Movement – Movement is the use of lines, shapes, or colors to lead

the viewer from one part of the picture to another.

5. Repetition – Repetition is the repeated use of an element such as

color, shape or line within an art. Repetition can create patterns.

6. Rhythm – Rhythm is the regular repetition of lines, colors, shapes

or patterns.

7. Unity – Unity is where all the elements of a picture relate to each

other or look like they are part of one work of art.

8. Variety – Variety is an assortment of lines, shapes, colors,

textures, and forms to create interest.

11a

Principles of Design

Balance is the arrangement of objects to create a feeling of

equal weight

Symmetrical Balance is also called formal balance. It is much like a mirror

image. There is a central axis or line with the same shapes or colors on both sides.

Asymmetrical Balance also called informal balance. It is not the same on both

sides of a central axis.

Radial Balance is a type of balance in a circle. It radiates from the center and is

much like symmetrical balance.

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Principles of Design

Contrast is the extreme difference in lines, colors, shapes, sizes or textures

used in a work of art..

Contrast of shapes Contrast of size. Contrast of lines

Contrast of shapes in a collage Contrast of size in a painting

Contrast of lines in calligraphy Contrast of values in a pencil drawing

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Artwork that has extreme lights and darks has contrast of value.

This still life has a great deal of contrast This still life has a little contrast

Contrast of textures and lines creates interest in this non-objective pen and ink

drawing.

Artwork can have contrast of color. A painting may be mostly dark browns with areas

of light yellow. These are very different colors in both hue and value and would

create contrast.

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Principles of Design

Movement is the use of lines, shapes or colors to lead the

viewer from one part of the picture to another.

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Principles of Design

Repetition is the use of color, line or shape in more than one place in

an artwork

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Elements of Design

Rhythm is the regular repetition of lines colors, shapes

or patterns in a work of art. Rhythm in art is a visual beat. It creates

patterns

A B

Visual rhythm is established in the two above pictures by the repetition of

circles of various sizes in A and with the repetition of lines in picture B

Visual rhythm is created in the above painting by the many supports of the

bridge and the people going across the bridge.

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Principles of Design

Unity is the sense that all the elements in a composition being part of

one work of art. All the components relate to each other.

The pictures above all have similar shapes, colors, forms or textures that make them

unified compositions.

These pictures are not unified.

The shapes and colors do not

seem to be related to each

other: no similar shapes,

shapes do not touch, no common

colors or textures.

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Principles of Design

Variety is an assortment of lines, shapes, colors, textures and forms to

create interest.

This picture has a variety This picture has a variety

Of shapes and thick and thin lines of values

This picture has a variety This picture has similar shapes

Of shapes, values and colors in a variety of positions

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Art Vocabulary Abstract- changing the shape or colors of an object instead of trying to show how it normally appears Acrylic paint- a water-based paint that is thick and opaque. It can be washed out of brushes while it is still wet. Once it is dry, it is water proof and permanent. Aesthetics – focuses on the nature and value of art, the nature of beauty and analyzes and evaluates works of art Analogous Colors- those colors close to each other on the color wheel, for instance, blue, blue-green, green. Architecture - the art form of designing and planning buildings Art History- the study of the origins of visual art in the world and cultures throughout history. It includes the social, religious, cultural and philosophy that influences the creation of art over time Assemblage- a sculpture art form where many objects are assembled, glued, nailed or wired together. Background- the part of the picture plane that seems farthest away from the viewer (many times near the top of a picture. Ceramics - a sculpture art form made from clay Collage- making art by cutting, tearing or gluing paper, fabric, string, etc. Contour - outlines or edges of shapes Complementary Colors- those colors opposite each other on the color wheel Composition - the arrangement of objects, shapes and colors in an artwork Cool colors- blue, green, purple. These are associated with cool things such as water, grass, and ice Design - the way an artist plans or arranges a work of art

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Drawing - artworks representing objects or ideas using pencil, crayon, marker, pen, etc. Expression – conveying ideas, feelings and meanings through the use of art Folk art art - made by people who have had little or no formal schooling in art. Folk artists usually make works of art with traditional techniques and content, in styles handed down through many generations, and often of a particular region. Foreground - the part of the picture that seems nearest to the viewer, usually near the bottom of the picture Graphic Designer- An artist who makes commercial art like brochures, posters, billboards, book covers and computer software. Loom- a machine or frame for weaving Landscape- a painting, drawing, photograph or other work of art which shows natural or outdoor scenes. A picture of the land. Medium - whatever the artist used to produce a work of art such as clay, watercolor, paint, oil pastels, crayon, etc. Middle ground - the area of a picture between the foreground and the background Mixed media - an artwork that uses more than one medium or technique. For example a painting that has paper or beads glued on to it. Modern art – the latest styles of art. Monochromatic Colors- mixing one color with white or black to get a variety of tints and shades Mosaic- art made from small pieces of stone, glass, tile, wood or paper of different colors glued into place to form a picture or design Neutral colors- white, gray and black

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Non Objective - artwork created from shape, line, color and form that does not have a recognizable object Original - artwork not copied or imitated from the work of someone else Overlapping- A method of creating space by placing one object in front of another. Paints- color mixed with oil or water. Painting- artwork created from paints applied to wood, canvas or other surfaces. Perspective - a way to give the illusion of three-dimensional space on a two dimensional (flat) surface. It makes objects look close or far away. Paper mache - sculpture material using paper and liquid paste Perception- using your senses (sight, touch, smell, taste, hearing) to understand your impressions of objects, images and feelings Photography- an art form that uses a camera and film or digital camera and computer . Picture Plane - the surface of a painting or drawing Portrait - a piece of art that focuses on the face Pottery - an art form that uses clay and makes functional art such as bowls, cups or pots Primary colors - Red, yellow, blue. All other colors are mixed from these three colors Prints, Printmaking - a process used to make an image by transferring an inked object to a piece of paper such as stamping, stenciling, or vegetable printing Proportion- the way parts correctly relate to the whole. For example realistic portraits have eyes in correct proportion to the face, and an abstract portrait is not proportionally correct.

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Purposes of Art- Aesthetic, Functional, Communication, Expression Realism- type of art that looks like a photograph. Rubbing- an art form created by placing paper over a textured object and rubbing over it with a pencil or crayon until the image is visible on the paper Sculpture- a three -dimensional work of art. It can be carved out of wood or stone, modeled in clay, cast in metal or built by joining materials together. Secondary colors - green, orange, violet. These colors are created by mixing two primary colors together.

Shade - a color mixed with black Shading - a method of creating light and dark across a form that uses a smooth transition from light to dark. Still Life - showing an arrangement of “still” objects, like food, fruit, a vase, flowers or anything that does not move. Subject - the main idea of the artwork Symbol - a visual image that stands for something else. For example a heart is a symbol for love. Technique - a method of using art materials. For example cross-hatching is a technique that uses lines to create value. Tempera paint - a water based paint that is thick and opaque. Textiles - any art form that uses cloth or fibers of cloth such as cotton or wool. Three-dimensional - having height, width and depth, such as a cube or a sculpture. Tint - a color mixed with white Two Dimensional- has height and width, such as a flat piece of paper.

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Warm colors - colors associated with fire, red, orange and yellow Watercolor paints - water-based paint that is transparent and uses more water than paint. Weaving- artwork created by crossing fibers over and under other fibers Visual art - a broad category that includes traditional arts of drawing, painting, printmaking and sculpture; communication and design art such as movies, television, commercial art and product design; architecture and environmental art such as interior design and landscape design; folk art and works of art such as ceramics, fibers, jewelry, works in wood, paper and other materials

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Ancient Art Paleolithic Cave paintings are some of the earliest marks that archeologist have found and are considered mans’ first paintings., estimated to be 17,300 years old

Cave paintings from Lascaux, France

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Ancient Art

Petroglyphs scratched into stone from the U.S Southwest

Australian Aboriginal rock art

Stonehenge in England estimated to be 5,000 years old

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Ancient Egyptian Art 5000 BC to 300 AD

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Ancient Greek Art 700 BC. – 500 A.D.

Coin Terra Cotta Vase Marble statue of Demeter

Marble statue of discus thrower Bronze sculpture –Chariot Driver

The Parthenon An arena

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Ancient Roman Art 800BC-500 AD

Roman Aqua ducts Roman Coliseum

Bronze Sculpture Marble sculpture of Constantine sculpture of Diana

Marble sculpture of Augustus Mosaic in Roman House 29

Medieval Art and Gothic Art in Western Europe 1100-1300 AD

Stained Glass 1100 Chartes Cathedral in Chartes France

Painting of Madadonna and Child Illuminated Manuscripts

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Renaissance 1400-1600 A.D.

Mona Lisa by Leonardo daVinci

The Last Supper by Leonardo daVinci

Pieta by Michelangelo David by Michelangelo

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Madonna by Raphael School at Athens by Raphael

Judith and Holfernes by Donatello Italian Renaissance Architecture

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Impressionism 1860-1900 AD

Water Lilies by Claude Monet Haystacks by Claude Monet

The Bath by Mary Cassatt Luncheon of the Boating Party.by Auguste Renoir

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Post Impressionism 1880s-1890s

Starry Night by Vincent Van Gogh

Sunday Afternoon on The Island Of La Grande Jatte by Georges Seurat

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Modern Art 1900-1970s

Blue Hat by Pablo Picasso Rhythm by Robert Delauny

Mandolin by Georges Braque Henri Matisse

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Op Art or Optical Art

Victor Vasserly

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Native American Art - Traditional

Weaving Navajo (Southwest) Pottery (Southwest)

Basketry (Plains/Southwest) Masks (Northwest)

Drums (Plains) Sandpainting (Southwest)

Totem Pole (Northwest) 37 Australian Aboriginal Art

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West African Art

Kente Cloth Andinkra Cloth

Masks

Sculpture

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