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ASAP Practical TutorialStray Light Analysis (Day 1)

NextGenASAP


Day 1

ASAP Introduction

• Brief Review of ASAP

• Building Geometry (Edge & Surface)

• Bounding Object

• Using Macros

• Create Sources(GRID, EMITTING)

• Radiometry / Photometry

• Ray Splitting

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Day 2

Stray Light Practice

• 2D Drawing in AutoCAD

• 3D Drawing in Rhinoceros

• Import IGS Files

• Making System File

• Emitting Ray Source

• Modify Coating Properties

• Searching Ghost/Flare Rays

• Ghost / Flare Examples

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Introduction to ASAPLearn approaches to problem solving in ASAP with an introduction to the program, and pre-defined imaging and illumination problems

Automotive Illumination (Advanced Tutorial)Learn advanced techniques for the design and analysis of automotive illumination systems in ASAP

Bio-Optics (Advanced Tutorial)Learn advanced techniques for applying ASAP in the life sciences, including volumetric light scattering and fluorescence

Ghost Analysis (Advanced Tutorial)Learn advanced techniques for the design and analysis of imaging systems in ASAP

Illumination Design (Advanced Tutorial)Learn advanced techniques for the design, modeling, and analysis of general illumination systems in ASAP and ReflectorCAD

Phosphor Modeling (Advanced Tutorial)Learn advanced techniques for the design, modeling, and analysis of PC-LED systems in ASAP

Stray Light (Advanced Tutorial)Learn advanced techniques and problem-solving approaches to stray light analysis in ASAP

Wave Optics (Advanced Tutorial)Learn advanced techniques for performing wave optics analyses in ASAP

BRO Software Training

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ASAP NextGen Interface

Menus and Icons

Workspace

Tap Control for Workspace

Input/Output

Command Line Input

Status Bar

Text Output Window

Result Area(Plot, Display and Files)

Custom Toolbar

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Information Flow for Verifying Geometry

Plot Window

PLOT EDGESPLOT FACETSPROFILES

…

ASAP Kernel

Builder Scripters

Plot Archive Fileasaptemp.plr

Database

3D Vector Fileasaptemp.vcr

bro030.dat

Define system

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Ray Information FLOW

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1) Define the System : Define the properties of optical system-. System setting : SYSTEM NEW, RESET, UNITS, WAVELENGTH...-. Optical setting : COATING PROPERTIES, MEDIA, MODELS...

2) Build the Geometry : Define and verify the geometry of each component-. Lens : LENS, LENSES...-. Edge : EDGE, EDGES...-. Surface : SURFACE, SURFACES...

3) Create Sources : Define and verify a set of accurately simulating rays-. Sources : GRID, EMITTING, SOURCE, FLUX TOTAL...

4) Trace the Rays : Allow the rays to move through the system-. Axis setting : WINDOW...-. View : PLOT FACETS, PROFILES...-. Rays : TRACE, SAVE, PATH...

5) Perform the Analysis : Calculate the power, irradiance or other characteristics of a system-. Calculate : CONSIDER, SELECT, PIXELS...-. Analysis : DISPLAY, PROFILES, SPOTS, POLT, LIST, GET, RADIANT...

The Five-step ASAP Process

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Set Working Directory

File > Working Directory…

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Basic Template

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Basic Template

SYSTEM NEW RESET

BEAMS INCOHERENT GEOMETRIC

!! Define system units and wavelengths UNITS MILLIMETERS 'Watts' WAVELENGTH 550 NM

!! Define coatings COATING PROPERTIES

0 1 'TRANSMIT' 1 0 'REFLECT' 0 0 'ABSORB'

!! Define Media MEDIA

1.5 'GLASS'

!! GEOMETRY DEFINITIONS BEGIN HERE !! SOURCE DEFINITIONS BEGIN HERE !! TRACE RAYS WITH OPTIONAL PLOT !! WINDOW Y Z !! PLOT FACETS 5 5 0 OVERLAY !! TRACE !! PLOT !! ANALYSIS BLOCK BEGINS HERE

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• Use the ASAP Builder: Which is a spreadsheet-style tool

• Use the command language to write an ASAP command script

• Type the command directly into the Command Input window

• Use the CAD programs and import the shapes into ASAP: Rhinoceros, SolidWorks, Pro-E, etc.

• Import the Lens designs directly from Zemax, OSLO or Code V: Using the translators available with the ASAP/Optical module

Options for Building Geometry

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ASAP does not treat a solidASAP views the structure as three independent surfacesThat forms an element of a shell around the volume

Surface & Edge

• SurfaceThe surface is usually where interesting things happen-. The change in direction of a ray-. Scattering / Anti-reflection-. Beam-splitting coating

SURFACE definitions like the TUBE, PLANE and SPHERICAL are expressed within ASAPBut, it is difficult or impossible to specify all geometry as an explicit polynomial

• EdgeThe edge was added to ASAP just to allow the importing of geometry from CAD programs-. Edge-based geometry can be imported from CAD programs via the ASAP IGES translator-. ASAP also makes these same tools available to create EDGE-based objects directly, using the Builder or the scripting language-. Edges are a set of connected points-. The connections may be straight lines or smooth curves-. It is based on Bezier polynomials-. EDGE-based objects are somewhat slower to ray trace than SURFACE-based geometry

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Every object that you define is considered to be an entity as wellHowever, Not all entities will have object status

Object & Entities

• Object-. Object is a geometrical surface with boundaries, a position, an orientation and optical properties-. Objects interact with rays

• Entity-. Entity is a geometrical definition that does not interact with rays-. Edge has no interface command associated with it

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Tracing Ray (with Graphics)

Profiles 3D Viewer

WINDOW Y -3 3 Z -1 11PROFILES 0 0 -1 OVERLAY ‘SINGLE RAY TRACE’TRACE PLOT

MISSED ARROWS 10WINDOW Y -3 3 Z -1 11PLOT FACETS 8 8 OVERLAY ‘SINGLE RAY TRACE’TRACE PLOT$VIEW

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When verifying geometry, use PROFILES or PLOT FACETS with $VIEW

Verifying the Geometry (PROFILES, PLOT FACETS)

PROFILES$VIEW

PLOT FACETS$VIEW

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PLOT

PLOT Description

BEAMS Plot extent of each Gaussian beam within …

CURVES [ -n ] Plot a wire frame outline of curvesn : Plot last n curves

EDGES [ -n ] Plot a wire frame outline of edges in the currently specified graphics windown : Plot last n curves

ENTITIES [ -n ] Plot surface, edge, lens entities and local boxes in …n : Plot last n curves

FACETS [ n n’ [ m ] ] Plot parametric representation of objects in …n n’ : Minimum or maximum number of subdivisions in the two parametric

directions for each patch of an objectm : Maximum number of facets per object

LENSES Plot lenses in …

LIMITS Plot a wire frame box denoting the extent of the specified objects limits box in …

LOCAL [ -n ] Plot local boxed of surface entitiesn : Plot last n curves

POLARIZATION Plot polarization state ellipses

RAYS Plot vectors along the direction of each ray that is contained within …

SURFACES Plot surfaces in …

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EDGE

EDGE Description

ARC creates a circular arc on the plane

ELLIPSE creates an elliptical edge/curve

LINE creates a line edge

OVAL creates a polygonal edge

POINTS creates a generalized planar edge

RACETRACK creates a racetrack or rectangular edge with smooth(continuous) rounded corners

RECTANGLE creates a rectangular edge/curve

ROUNDED creates a rounded-corner, rectangular edge/curve

SAWTOOTH creates a sawtooth pattern edge in the plane

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EDGE (ELLIPSE)

SYSTEM NEWRESET

EDGEELLIPSE Z 0 1 2 16 45 270

WINDOW Y -2 2 X -2 2PLOT CURVESRETURN

ELLIPSE X x y z [ n a a’ ]

n number of points on the ellipse

a a’ angular range

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The OBJECT command is how which entities to use to construct the objectUse the ‘dot’ notation, which allows us to count backward to select the desired entities

ELLIPSE Edge

RECTANGLE Edge

OBJECT

Object Building

SYSTEM NEWRESET

EDGERECTANGLE Z 0 .5 .5 64 0 360

EDGEELLIPSE Z .5 .5 .5 64 0 360

OBJECT.1 .2 'EXTRUDING_OBJECT'

PLOT EDGES OVERLAYPLOT FACETS 71RETURN

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REDEFINE (Geometry Color)

SURFACEELLIPSOID 1 1 1 0 0 0

OBJECT ‘ELLIPSOID_Z0’REDEFINE COLOR 2 !! Color setting

PLOT FACETSRETURN

REDEFINE command adds options to an object

REDEFINE [ SURFACE j ] [ THICKNESS t ] [ COLOR k ] [ ‘name’ ]

SURFACE j transfers to alternate surface

THICKNESS t flag to thicken the object surface(s)

COLOR k assigns a specific color to the object

1 Reverse video

2 Red

3 Light Blue

4 Orange

5 Yellow

6 Purple

7 Sea Green

8 Maroon

9 Cyan

10 Chartreuse

11 Blue

12 Magenta

13 Green

14 Salmon

15 Olive Drab

16 Light Brown

17 Forest Green

18 Goldenrod

19 Plum

20 Tan

21 Turquoise

22 Gold

23 Thistle

24 Tomato

25 Wheat

26 Violet

27 Background

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2-Dimensional ARRAY

SYSTEM NEWRESET

SURFACEOPTICAL Z 0 5 ELLIPSE 5 5

ARRAY 4 15 0 0 4 0 15 0OBJECT 'BUMPS'

WINDOW Y XPLOT FACETS$VIEW

RETURN

ARRAY n x y z [ n’ x’ y’ z’ ] [ EXPONENT p [ p’] ] [ BOUNDS ]

ARRAY elements are associated with an OBJECT

n n‘ number of linearly spaced elements

x y z x’ y’ z‘ reference point shift

p p‘ reference point coefficient exponent

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PLANE Bounds with ARRAY

SYSTEM NEWRESET

SURFACEELLIPSOID 5 5 5 0 0 0 Z

ARRAY 2 15 0 0 2 0 15 0 BOUNDS !! add BOUNDSOBJECT 'SURFACE_ELLIPSOID'

SURFACEPLANE Z 2 RECT 30 30

OBJECT 'SURFACE_RECT'

BOUNDS .2

WINDOW Y XPLOT FACETS 51 51RETURN

ARRAY n x y z [ n’ x’ y’ z’ ] [ EXPONENT p [ p’] ] [ BOUNDS ]

ARRAY elements are associated with an OBJECT

n n‘ number of linearly spaced elements

x y z x’ y’ z‘ reference point shift

BOUNDS treats each instance as a separate entity

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$DO -1 1 2

$DO -1 1

$DO

SYSTEM NEWRESET

$DO -1 1 2{SURFACE

PLANE Z 0 ELLIPSE .5 .5OBJECT 'PLANE_?'

SHIFT X ?}

WINDOW Y ZPLOT FACETSRETURN

integer increment k defaults to either +1 or -1 depending upon the values of i and j $DO uses “?” as a place holder for the loop counter

Starting( i )

Condition( j )

Increment( k )

{ Commands }

Yes

No

$DO [ i [ j [ k ] ] ]

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SOURCE DIRECTION (using TANgent angle)

…

GRID ELLIPTIC Z 4.5 -2@1 -2@1 100 1SOURCE DIR TAN[30] 0 -1!! ROTATE Z 45

FLUX TOTAL 100

WINDOW Z -1 6 X 4 4

PROFILES OVERLAYRETURN

Easy way to setup the source direction

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EMITTING (DISK, RECTANGLE, ENTITY, OBJECT, CONE, BOX, RAYS, DADA, …)

SYSTEM NEWRESET

EMITTING RECTANGLE Z 0 .1 .1 900SOURCE DIR 0 0 1

PLOT RAYSRETURN

EMITTING RECT X x y z n [ a [ a’ ] [ RECT ]] [ ISO]

X coordinate axis

x location of plane on the coordinate axis

y z semimajor heights in the given directions

n total number of rays created

a a’ half-angles(in degrees) for the elliptical or RECTangular cone of emitted radiation centered on the axis

ISO specifies isotropic emission

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10 lm

10 lm, 2 sr

10 lm, 5 m^2

10 lm, 5 m^2, 2 sr

10 lm

10 lm / 5 m^2= 2 lm/m^2= 2 lux

10 lm / 5 m^2 / 2 sr = 1 lm/m^2 · sr= 1 Candela / m^2 = 1 nit

10 lm / 2 sr = 5 lm/sr = 5 Candela

Radiant / Luminous Power (or Flux) : Energy per unit time, emitted from a source, or incident upon a surfaceTypical Units : Watts (W)

Lumens(lm)

ASAP Commands : STATS

Irradiance / Illuminance : Power per unit area incident upon a surfaceTypical Units : Watts/meter^2(W/m^2)

Foot-candles(lm/foot^2)Lux (lumens/m^2)

ASAP Commands : SPOTS POSITION

Radiance / Luminance (a.k.a. "brightness") : Power per unit area per unit solid angleTypical Units : Watts/meter^2-sr

Foot-Lambert(1/π cd/foot^2)Nit (cd/m^2)

ASAP Commands : RADIANT MAP/AREA

Radiant / Luminous Intensity : Power per unit solid angleTypical Units : Watts/sr

Candela (cd=lumens/sr)

ASAP Commands : SPOTS DIRECTION

Radiometric / Photometric Definitions

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When you add following script at the end of the exercise script, you’ll see the spot picture

CONSIDER command also can be used with Object Number

SPOTS POSITION, SPOTS DIRECTION, RADIANT, RADIANT AREA command can be here

DISPLAY command initiate display commandsAll DISPLAY-related commands are executed according to its orderRETURN command deletes unsaved modified data

Irradiance / Illuminance

CONSIDER ONLY DETECTORWINDOW Y XPIXELS 101 1

SPOTS POSITION

DISPLAYAVERAGEPICTURE

RETURN

SPOTS POSITION [ u ] [ ATTRIBUTE i ] [ OBJECT ] [ NUMBER [ s ] ] [ EVERY n ] [ ‘title’ ]DIRECTION

POSITION Spot diagram of positional ray data

DIRECTION Spot diagram of directional ray data

ATTRIBUTE i Output format control

NUMBER Draw the rays number on the plot

s Optional scale factor for the chatacter size

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1. SCATTER RANDOM – Random rays simulating Lambertian scatterUsed for : a. scatter from good diffusers (e.g. flashed opal or spectralon),

b. modeling of integrating spheres (when combined with TOWARDS)

2. ROUGHNESS MODEL – Simulation of a rough surface by random variation ofthe reflected or refracted ray direction

Used for : a. modeling scatter within illumination systems,b. modeling scatter from most diffusers

3. SCATTER MODEL and TOWARDS – Scatter directed towards or away from areas or directions of interest. Used for stray light analysis

4. SCATTER BSDF or SCATTER RMS – Generation of a single scattered ray in the same direction as the reflected or refracted ray

Used for in-field scatter from optical components of an imaging system

5. MEDIA … SCATTER – Scatter rays within a volume

Five Approaches

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entity entity’ Descriptioni j Ray number is between i through j inclusiveOBJECT n Ray comes from previous object nOBJECT -n Ray was scattered from object nOBJECT +n Ray was split from object nSOURCE k Ray originated from source number kSOURCE -k Scattered ray from source number kMEDIA m Ray is in MEDIA mMEDIA -m Scattered ray is MEDIA mGENERATION n Ray was split and scattered n timesGENERATION -n Ray was scattered n timesGENERATION +n Ray was split n timesEVERY n Ray number modulo n equals one.PATH l Ray belongs to "l"th path from last PATH commandPATH 0 Ray belongs to a path not listed by last PATH commandw W Ray has wavelength greater than wW w Ray has wavelength less than wf F Ray has flux greater than fF f Ray has flux less than fd L Ray has optical path length greater than dL d Ray has optical path length less than dr R Ray has AXIS radial coordinates greater than rR r' Ray has AXIS radial coordinates less than r'x X Ray has X coordinates greater than xX x' Ray has X coordinates less than x'y Y Ray has Y coordinates greater than yY y' Ray has Y coordinates less than y'z Z Ray has Z coordinates greater than zZ z' Ray has Z coordinates less than z'a A Ray has X direction cosines greater than aA a' Ray has X direction cosines less than a'b B Ray has Y direction cosines greater than bB b' Ray has Y direction cosines less than b'c C Ray has Z direction cosines greater than cC c' Ray has Z direction cosines less than c'

Isolating Ray Subsets with SELECT

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SELECT command isolates a ray set for further analysis

SELECT option

Option Description

ALL selects all rays

ADD conditionally adds rays

REMOVE conditionally removes rays

ONLY selects only the specified rays

EXCEPT selects all rays except the specified rays

NONE unselects all rays

AND OR Boolean logical operators

entity entity’ see Remarks

SELECT [ALL]ADD [ entity entity’ [ AND entity entity’ …REMOVE [ entity entity’ [ AND entity entity’ …ONLY [ entity entity’ [ AND entity entity’ …EXCEPT [ entity entity’ [ AND entity entity’ …NONE [ entity entity’ [ AND entity entity’ …

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