A Strategy on Scaling up of innovative technologies for

sustainable agriculture in Karnataka

KH Anantha, CV Sameer Kumar, Suhas P Wani & Team

Reaching the unreached!

Karnataka at a Glance

Source: Gumma, 2016

Geographical area: 19 million ha

Population: 6.11 crore (5.05% of

India’s population)

Gross cropped area: 12.2 million ha

Net sown area: 9.92 million ha

Gross irrigated area: 4.11 million ha

GIA to GCA (%): 34

Pop-n depending on agriculture:

56%

GSDP contribution from agriculture:

13.61%

% share of area under pulses: 32%

Production contribution from rainfed

agriculture: ~ 55% of total food

grain production; 75% of oilseeds

production

Area and productivity of major cereals

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Rice Wheat Maize Sorghum Millets

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Yie

ld (

Kg

/ha

)

Rice Wheat Maize Sorghum Millets

Maize is

occupying a major

share (1.3 m ha)

Area under

sorghum is

decreasing (2.35

m ha to 1.13 m

ha)

Millets area is also

declining (1.6 m

ha to 0.97 m ha

Area and productivity of major pulses

Chickpea, pigeon

pea are major

pulses (1.77 m

ha out of 2.5 m

ha)

Average

productivity of

pulses is

600kg/ha

Area and productivity of major oilseeds

Groundnut,

sunflower,

safflower and

soybean are major

oilseeds

The average

groundnut yield

over the five years

period (2009-10 to

2013-14) is 750 Kg

ha-1 compared to

1048 Kg ha-1 in

India

Technological/Agronomic constraints Depleting water table Land degradation, Low yielding cultivars, Poor mechanization Frequent Droughts, Climate change, Rainfall variability Inadequate extension system to educate farmers about improved

cultivars and technologies Inadequate access of farmers to quality seed and other farm inputs Poor adoption of improved cultivars and recommended crop production

practices.

Key constraints

Socio-economic constraints Fragmentation of landholding

Labor scarcity

High cost of cultivation

Poor extension system

Poor access to market

Poor storage facilities for inputs and

output

Source: Murali Gumma 2016

Spatial and Temporal Variability of Rainfall Monsoonal rainfall

Post-monsoon rainfall

Changes in climatic water surplus

As a whole, reduction is seen

Large spatial variability

NE Karnataka shows an increasing trend

Not much change in the central dry zone

Except parts of Chamarajanagar and Mysore, southern dry zone shows little reduction

Much of the Malnad region shows decreasing water surplus ranging from 20 to 125 mm

Coastal zone has mixed changes

Climatic water balances computed using CRU TS 3.21 (2013) 0.5 degree gridded monthly data of University of East Anglia

Source: AVR Kesava Rao

Climate Change Impacts on Pigeon pea at Gulbarga

Pigeonpea yields could reduce up to 16% with +2 °C. With reduction in rainfall by 20%, yields could reduce up to 28%

Increase in temperature by 2 °C could reduce days to flowering by four days and physiological maturity by nine days

WUE reduce from 7.2 to 6.0 kg ha-1 mm-1

with +2 °C

Source: AVR Kesava Rao et al., 2013

Strengths/Opportunities/supportive environment

Krishi Bhagya Yojane

Suvarna Krishi Grama Yojane

Integrated Watershed Management

Program (IWMP)

Pradhan Mantri Krishi

SinchayeeYojana (PMKSY)

Bhoochetana

Bhoosamrudhi

Sujala III

E-marketing and E-auctioning

Strengths/Opportunities/supportive environment (cont..)

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irri

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are

a (

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a)

Canal Tanks Open wells Bore wells Others

Net Area Sown (ha): 9.92 million

Gross Cropped Area (ha): 12.26 million

Gross Irrigated Area (ha): 4.11 million

Gross Irrigated Area to Gross Cropped area: 33.5%

Traditional area with expertise farmers on pulses

cultivation (e.g., North Karnataka “Tur bowl of India”)

Innovative farmers (there are many but few….)

i) Invention of transplanting technique in pigeon

pea in Bidar district

ii) Guli method in finger millet in Kolar district (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bfxhs19rxP0)

Strengths/Opportunities/supportive environment (cont..)

Strategies

Agroecozoning and land use planning based on its

potential

Soil health mapping and soil-test based fertilizer

application

Varietal evaluation of high yielding cultivars and

strengthening seed system

Crop diversification for sustainable intensification

AE region B:C = 6-15 B:C =2-6 Less

responsive

Northern Trans zone Maize, GN Soybean

Northern Dry zone Maize CP, PM, KS, GN,

PP

North Eastern Trans

Zone

GG, PP, soybean

Southern Trans zone Maize,

Paddy, GN

SM, FM, CP,

cotton

PP

Central Dry zone Cotton Maize, SM, CP PP, GN

North Eastern Dry zone PP, GG, CP, PM

Eastern Dry zone GN Maize, PP, FMSource: Bhoochetana

Strategies

Improving seed replacement ratio by developing sustainable

seed system

Popularizing identified high yielding crop cultivars

Seed multiplication and promotion of village seed banks

thru community based organizations/innovative farmers

District Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5

Bidar 50 99 198 396 792

Vijayapura 131 263 525 1050 2100

Kalburgi 240 480 960 1920 3840

Raichur 30 60 120 240 480

Yadgir 44 89 177 354 708

Total (Ton) 495 990 1980 3960 7920

Quality seed requirement for Pigeon pea cultivation in Karnataka

Example: Pigeon pea

Strategies

Popularizing water use efficiency enhancement options

Strengthening SWC practices

Promotion of micro-irrigation methods in field and

horticulture crops along with proper irrigation

scheduling

Strategies

Sustainable crop intensification thru fallow management

Farmers’ participatory demonstrations -

mechanization

Effective pest surveillance and management practices

Decentralized approach of water harvesting and

management (life saving irrigation)

Strategies

Digital agriculture; extension system

Farmer-to-farmer videos

Tablet based extension system

Agro-advisories, etc

Strategies

Value chain: linking farmers to markets –

livelihood enhancement

Processing

Storage facility

Value addition - FPOs

Paprika Oleos (India) Ltd Source: Bhoosamrudhi

Local market price: Rs. 80/kg

Paprika Oleos price: Rs. 120/kg

CONSTRAINTS(Vulnerability

context)

Transforming structures &

processesOutcomes

BhoochetanaBhoosamrudhi

Structures

Sujala, KBY, SKGYPMKSY

Processes

DroughtsLand degradationClimate change

Rainfall variabilityLow yielding

cultivars

Improved soil healthIncreased crop yield

More incomeIncreased well-being

Livelihood Improvement

Natural Resource management and

agricultural practices

Seeds

Credit MNs

Soil

Influ

ence &

access

Convergence of science-led development initiatives

Pigeonpea Karnataka : Current scenario

North Karnataka and South Karnataka

Sole and inter crop

Wilt and SMD

Yield gap

SRR

ICM

Terminal moisture stress

MSP

Tur Board

Maruti

Cotton, soybean and Maize & Rabi Sorghum

Medium to heavy black soils

Innovative farmers

Climate Change

21

Strategies - Strengthening Research

Strengthening research capabilities of SAUS

Varieties/hybrids for agro ecologies

Vegetable types for South

Development of cleistogamous varieties

Wilt and SMD

MABC

Advanced breeding lines

Varietal Scenario in the state

Early

duration Medium

duration

Horizontal expansion

Super early varieties with < 100 days duration for rice

fallows and dry areas.

Popularization of hybrids and vegetable types in Rice

bunds to expand area and production.

Strategies – New niches

Strategies holistic approach Seed systems

Holistic approach for sustainably intensifying the

systems and increasing productivity

Establish pilot demonstrations

New methods of dibbling, transplanting as well as

supplemental irrigation for pigeonpea-based systems

Develop lead farmers

Undertake the documentation and analysis of cost

benefit ratios in different eco-regions,

Success story

1. Niches

2. Honey bee units

3. Staggering

4. Row ratios

5. Procurement

price

6. Subsidy

7. Pvt sector

1. 657 tones -2013

2. 507 tons in 2014

3. 750 tons 2015

4. Standards

Off Season

Expanding hybrids adoption State Ye

ars

Locs Yield

/acre

Andhra

Pradesh

7 34 998

Telangana 7 21 1250

Karnataka 5 2 1138

Madhya

Pradesh

6 9 1674

Gujarat 2 4 1179

Odisha 3 40 523

Maharashtra 7 27 1300

Sprouted Pigeon Pea Meal as Feed for Broilers

Carcass & Sensory characteristics of broilers.

Utilization as feed for Broilers and tilapia

Potential as Anticalastogenic and anti diabetic

Packaged foodsValue Addition

Potential Partners

Indian Institute of Horticulture Research (IIHR), Bengaluru

University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru

University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad

University of Agricultural Sciences Raichur

University of Agricultural Sciences, Shivamogga

University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkote

Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs)

ICAR

Thank you!

ICRISAT is a member of the CGIAR Consortium