A Strategy on Scaling up of innovative technologies for
sustainable agriculture in Karnataka
KH Anantha, CV Sameer Kumar, Suhas P Wani & Team
Reaching the unreached!
Karnataka at a Glance
Source: Gumma, 2016
Geographical area: 19 million ha
Population: 6.11 crore (5.05% of
India’s population)
Gross cropped area: 12.2 million ha
Net sown area: 9.92 million ha
Gross irrigated area: 4.11 million ha
GIA to GCA (%): 34
Pop-n depending on agriculture:
56%
GSDP contribution from agriculture:
13.61%
% share of area under pulses: 32%
Production contribution from rainfed
agriculture: ~ 55% of total food
grain production; 75% of oilseeds
production
Area and productivity of major cereals
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Are
a c
ult
iva
ted
(M
illi
on
ha)
Rice Wheat Maize Sorghum Millets
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Yie
ld (
Kg
/ha
)
Rice Wheat Maize Sorghum Millets
Maize is
occupying a major
share (1.3 m ha)
Area under
sorghum is
decreasing (2.35
m ha to 1.13 m
ha)
Millets area is also
declining (1.6 m
ha to 0.97 m ha
Area and productivity of major pulses
Chickpea, pigeon
pea are major
pulses (1.77 m
ha out of 2.5 m
ha)
Average
productivity of
pulses is
600kg/ha
Area and productivity of major oilseeds
Groundnut,
sunflower,
safflower and
soybean are major
oilseeds
The average
groundnut yield
over the five years
period (2009-10 to
2013-14) is 750 Kg
ha-1 compared to
1048 Kg ha-1 in
India
Technological/Agronomic constraints Depleting water table Land degradation, Low yielding cultivars, Poor mechanization Frequent Droughts, Climate change, Rainfall variability Inadequate extension system to educate farmers about improved
cultivars and technologies Inadequate access of farmers to quality seed and other farm inputs Poor adoption of improved cultivars and recommended crop production
practices.
Key constraints
Socio-economic constraints Fragmentation of landholding
Labor scarcity
High cost of cultivation
Poor extension system
Poor access to market
Poor storage facilities for inputs and
output
Source: Murali Gumma 2016
Spatial and Temporal Variability of Rainfall Monsoonal rainfall
Post-monsoon rainfall
Changes in climatic water surplus
As a whole, reduction is seen
Large spatial variability
NE Karnataka shows an increasing trend
Not much change in the central dry zone
Except parts of Chamarajanagar and Mysore, southern dry zone shows little reduction
Much of the Malnad region shows decreasing water surplus ranging from 20 to 125 mm
Coastal zone has mixed changes
Climatic water balances computed using CRU TS 3.21 (2013) 0.5 degree gridded monthly data of University of East Anglia
Source: AVR Kesava Rao
Climate Change Impacts on Pigeon pea at Gulbarga
Pigeonpea yields could reduce up to 16% with +2 °C. With reduction in rainfall by 20%, yields could reduce up to 28%
Increase in temperature by 2 °C could reduce days to flowering by four days and physiological maturity by nine days
WUE reduce from 7.2 to 6.0 kg ha-1 mm-1
with +2 °C
Source: AVR Kesava Rao et al., 2013
Strengths/Opportunities/supportive environment
Krishi Bhagya Yojane
Suvarna Krishi Grama Yojane
Integrated Watershed Management
Program (IWMP)
Pradhan Mantri Krishi
SinchayeeYojana (PMKSY)
Bhoochetana
Bhoosamrudhi
Sujala III
E-marketing and E-auctioning
Strengths/Opportunities/supportive environment (cont..)
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Net
irri
ga
ted
are
a (
Mil
lio
n h
a)
Canal Tanks Open wells Bore wells Others
Net Area Sown (ha): 9.92 million
Gross Cropped Area (ha): 12.26 million
Gross Irrigated Area (ha): 4.11 million
Gross Irrigated Area to Gross Cropped area: 33.5%
Traditional area with expertise farmers on pulses
cultivation (e.g., North Karnataka “Tur bowl of India”)
Innovative farmers (there are many but few….)
i) Invention of transplanting technique in pigeon
pea in Bidar district
ii) Guli method in finger millet in Kolar district (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bfxhs19rxP0)
Strengths/Opportunities/supportive environment (cont..)
Strategies
Agroecozoning and land use planning based on its
potential
Soil health mapping and soil-test based fertilizer
application
Varietal evaluation of high yielding cultivars and
strengthening seed system
Crop diversification for sustainable intensification
AE region B:C = 6-15 B:C =2-6 Less
responsive
Northern Trans zone Maize, GN Soybean
Northern Dry zone Maize CP, PM, KS, GN,
PP
North Eastern Trans
Zone
GG, PP, soybean
Southern Trans zone Maize,
Paddy, GN
SM, FM, CP,
cotton
PP
Central Dry zone Cotton Maize, SM, CP PP, GN
North Eastern Dry zone PP, GG, CP, PM
Eastern Dry zone GN Maize, PP, FMSource: Bhoochetana
Strategies
Improving seed replacement ratio by developing sustainable
seed system
Popularizing identified high yielding crop cultivars
Seed multiplication and promotion of village seed banks
thru community based organizations/innovative farmers
District Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5
Bidar 50 99 198 396 792
Vijayapura 131 263 525 1050 2100
Kalburgi 240 480 960 1920 3840
Raichur 30 60 120 240 480
Yadgir 44 89 177 354 708
Total (Ton) 495 990 1980 3960 7920
Quality seed requirement for Pigeon pea cultivation in Karnataka
Example: Pigeon pea
Strategies
Popularizing water use efficiency enhancement options
Strengthening SWC practices
Promotion of micro-irrigation methods in field and
horticulture crops along with proper irrigation
scheduling
Strategies
Sustainable crop intensification thru fallow management
Farmers’ participatory demonstrations -
mechanization
Effective pest surveillance and management practices
Decentralized approach of water harvesting and
management (life saving irrigation)
Strategies
Digital agriculture; extension system
Farmer-to-farmer videos
Tablet based extension system
Agro-advisories, etc
Strategies
Value chain: linking farmers to markets –
livelihood enhancement
Processing
Storage facility
Value addition - FPOs
Paprika Oleos (India) Ltd Source: Bhoosamrudhi
Local market price: Rs. 80/kg
Paprika Oleos price: Rs. 120/kg
CONSTRAINTS(Vulnerability
context)
Transforming structures &
processesOutcomes
BhoochetanaBhoosamrudhi
Structures
Sujala, KBY, SKGYPMKSY
Processes
DroughtsLand degradationClimate change
Rainfall variabilityLow yielding
cultivars
Improved soil healthIncreased crop yield
More incomeIncreased well-being
Livelihood Improvement
Natural Resource management and
agricultural practices
Seeds
Credit MNs
Soil
Influ
ence &
access
Convergence of science-led development initiatives
Pigeonpea Karnataka : Current scenario
North Karnataka and South Karnataka
Sole and inter crop
Wilt and SMD
Yield gap
SRR
ICM
Terminal moisture stress
MSP
Tur Board
Maruti
Cotton, soybean and Maize & Rabi Sorghum
Medium to heavy black soils
Innovative farmers
Climate Change
21
Strategies - Strengthening Research
Strengthening research capabilities of SAUS
Varieties/hybrids for agro ecologies
Vegetable types for South
Development of cleistogamous varieties
Wilt and SMD
MABC
Advanced breeding lines
Varietal Scenario in the state
Early
duration Medium
duration
Horizontal expansion
Super early varieties with < 100 days duration for rice
fallows and dry areas.
Popularization of hybrids and vegetable types in Rice
bunds to expand area and production.
Strategies – New niches
Strategies holistic approach Seed systems
Holistic approach for sustainably intensifying the
systems and increasing productivity
Establish pilot demonstrations
New methods of dibbling, transplanting as well as
supplemental irrigation for pigeonpea-based systems
Develop lead farmers
Undertake the documentation and analysis of cost
benefit ratios in different eco-regions,
Success story
1. Niches
2. Honey bee units
3. Staggering
4. Row ratios
5. Procurement
price
6. Subsidy
7. Pvt sector
1. 657 tones -2013
2. 507 tons in 2014
3. 750 tons 2015
4. Standards
Off Season
Expanding hybrids adoption State Ye
ars
Locs Yield
/acre
Andhra
Pradesh
7 34 998
Telangana 7 21 1250
Karnataka 5 2 1138
Madhya
Pradesh
6 9 1674
Gujarat 2 4 1179
Odisha 3 40 523
Maharashtra 7 27 1300
Sprouted Pigeon Pea Meal as Feed for Broilers
Carcass & Sensory characteristics of broilers.
Utilization as feed for Broilers and tilapia
Potential as Anticalastogenic and anti diabetic
Packaged foodsValue Addition
Potential Partners
Indian Institute of Horticulture Research (IIHR), Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad
University of Agricultural Sciences Raichur
University of Agricultural Sciences, Shivamogga
University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkote
Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs)
ICAR
Thank you!
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