ASKING QUESTIONS (118-122) &

3 R D CONJUGATION (124-128)

Lessons XVI & XVII

Asking Questions

In Latin, as in English, there are two main types of questions: information questions and yes/no questions.

To ask an information question in Latin, you use an INTERROGATIVE PRONOUN, ADJECTIVE, or VERB.

exempli gratia

Ubi est Italia? Quis in via ambulat? Quid spectas? Cur exclamavisti?

Asking Questions

To ask a yes/no question, you add –ne to the end of the first word in the sentence.

If you expect the answer to be yes, begin the sentence with NONNE.

If you expect the answer to be no, begin the sentence with NUM.

exempli gratia

Marcusne Claram amat? Does Marcus love Clara?Nonne Marcus Claram amat? Marcus loves Clara, doesn’t he?Num Marcus Claram amat? Marcus doesn’t love Clara, does

he?

3rd Conjugation Verbs

We’ve already learned how to conjugate the 1st and 2nd conjugations.

We also know that 1st conjugation verbs end with –o and –are in the first two principal parts...

...and that 2nd conjugation verbs end with –eo and –ere in the first two principal parts.

But 3rd conjugation verbs end with –o and –ere in the first two principal parts.

3rd Conjugation Verbs

exempli gratia

amo, amare, amavi, amatus is a 1st conjugation word because its first two principal parts end with –o and –are.

video, videre, vidi, visus is a 2nd conjugation verb because its first two principal parts end with –eo and –ere.

mitto, mittere, misi, missus is a 3rd conjugation verb because its first two principal parts end with –o and –ere.

3rd Conjugation Verbs

The linguistic reason that the 1st and 3rd conjugations have an –o in the first principal part and not an –ao or an –eo is that the long a in the first conjugation and the short e in the third conjugation are weak compared to the long o at the end. Therefore, the o overtakes the long a and short e.

However, the long e in the second conjugation is as strong as the long o, so the long o doesn’t overcome it and they share space.

3rd Conjugation Verbs

Because the short e is weak, it also doesn’t stay an e in front of the present tense (ostmustisnt) endings.

Instead, it changes to an i or a u.Conjugating it with an e in front of the

endings will change the tense from present to another tense, so it’s very important to make sure you’re using the right vowel and that you know whether you’re looking at a 2nd conjugation verb or a 3rd conjugation verb.

3rd Conjugation Verbs

exempli gratia

pono, ponere, ponui, positus is a 3rd conjugation verb that means to put or place. In the present tense, it’s conjugated:

Singular Plural

1st person

pono = I place ponimus = we place

2nd person

ponis = you place ponitis = y’all place

3rd person

ponit = he/she/it places

ponunt = they place

3rd Conjugation Verbs

The present tense imperative is also slightly different in the 3rd conjugation.

In the 1st and 2nd conjugations, you take off the –re of the second principal part for the singular, and add –te for the plural.

You do the same for the 3rd conjugation, but in front of the –te ending, the short –e changes to –i.

Singular Plural

cede = Retreat! cedite = Retreat (you guys)!

Vocabulary pg. 123 &127

causa, -ae (f.)

Vocabulary pg. 123 &127

oppidum, -i (n.)

Vocabulary pg. 123 &127

atrium, -i (n.)

Vocabulary pg. 123 &127

sportula, -ae (f.)

Vocabulary pg. 123 &127

tablinum, -i (n.)

Vocabulary pg. 123 &127

accedo, accedere, accessi, accessurus

Vocabulary pg. 123 &127

ago, agere, egi, actus

Vocabulary pg. 123 &127

cedo, cedere, cessi, cessurus

Vocabulary pg. 123 &127

defendo, defendere, defendi, defensus

Vocabulary pg. 123 &127

excedo, excedere, excessi, excessurus

Vocabulary pg. 123 &127

exspecto, exspectare, exspectavi, exspectatus

Vocabulary pg. 123 &127

mitto, mittere, misi, missus

Vocabulary pg. 123 &127

populus, -i (m.)

Vocabulary pg. 123 &127

aequus, -a, -um

Vocabulary pg. 123 &127

latus, -a, -um

Vocabulary pg. 123 &127

publicus, -a, -um

Vocabulary pg. 123 &127

verus, -a, -um

Vocabulary pg. 123 &127

vester, vestra, vestrum

Vocabulary pg. 123 &127

quis

Vocabulary pg. 123 &127

quid

Vocabulary pg. 123 &127

post (+acc.)

Vocabulary pg. 123 &127

interim

Vocabulary pg. 123 &127

mox

Vocabulary pg. 123 &127

numquam

Vocabulary pg. 123 &127

saepe

Vocabulary pg. 123 &127

atque

Vocabulary pg. 123 &127

et... et

Vocabulary pg. 123 &127

-que

Assignments

Flashcards for VocabularyEx. A 1-4 and Ex. B 3-4 on pg. 122Ex. A 4-6 and Ex. B 3-5 on pg. 126Translation on pg. 124