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Liabilities to AssetsLiabilities to Assets
Presented by:Presented by:
Eric BonnerEric Bonner
Corrpro Companies, inc.Corrpro Companies, inc.Atlanta, GeorgiaAtlanta, Georgia
@corrpro.com
(678) 848-0688(678) 848-0688
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IRON OXIDE REFINING MILLING
STEEL CORROSION IRON OXIDE
THE PROBLEMTHE PROBLEM....
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Why Provide Corrosion Control?
Regulatory Compliance
Preserve Assets That Have Become
LIABILITIES!
Dramatically Reduce Likelihood of
Product Releases
Significantly Reduce Maintenance Costs
Environmental Preservation
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Anodic Area
-600mVCathodic Area
-550mV
SAND
CURRENT FLOW
External Corrosion of
Tank Bottom
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SANDCURRENT FLOW
Corrosion Cell Caused
by Foreign Material in
Sand Cushion
CLAY
Steel Tank Floor
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New Bottom (Anode)
CURRENT FLOW
SAND
SAND
New Steel Coupled to Old Steel
Old Bottom (Cathode)
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DRY
SAND
MOIST SAND
WATER
Corrosion Caused by
Poor Water Drainage
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- Approximately 25% of States now- Approximately 25% of States now
require cathodic protection be installedrequire cathodic protection be installed
and maintained on new, refurbished, orand maintained on new, refurbished, or
repaired tanks in contact with soil orrepaired tanks in contact with soil orsand foundations.sand foundations.
- A number of other states are in the- A number of other states are in the
process of implementing regulationsprocess of implementing regulationsgoverning ASTgoverning ASTs.s.
State Level
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MAJOR OIL
Vast Majority of Oil Marketers Have
Employed CP for Decades
Laws Changing Dramatically
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Types of Cathodic Protection
GalvanicGalvanic: Current obtained from a metal: Current obtained from a metalwith a higher energy level. with a higher energy level.
Impressed CurrentImpressed Current : Requires external: Requires externalpower source (transformer power source (transformer
rectifier). rectifier).
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Structure
MagnesiumAnode
Current Flow
Galvanic Cathodic Protection
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Test
Box
Anode
Cells
Tank
Galvanic Anodes
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SAND QUALITY
The rate of corrosion is dependent on the
characteristics of the sand.
The 1stmeans of corrosion control is a
good quality sand material.
On-site testing has indicated that
provided sand is as much as ten timesmore corrosive than recommended sand.
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Sand Recommendation
Silica
pH Between 6.5 and 8.5
Moisture less than 5%
Chlorides less than 10 ppm
Resistivity greater than 30,000 ohm-cm
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Rectifier
Anode
Groundbed
( - ) ( + )
Pipeline
(Structure)
Current
Flow
Impressed Current System
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Above Ground Storage Tank Vertical ImpressedAbove Ground Storage Tank Vertical Impressed
Current Anodes - Existing TanksCurrent Anodes - Existing Tanks
Sand
Anodes
Rectifier
NegativeConnection
+
-
Concrete
Ringwall
Tank
AnodesRectifier
-
+
Negative
Connection
Tank
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Shallow Anodes
Tank
Rectifier
(-)
(+)
Anode
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Anodes
Junction
Box
Rectifier
-+
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Deep Anode
Tank
(+)
(-)
RectifierTank
Tank Tank
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MFLMFL FloorFloorInspectionInspection
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Mechanical Integrity
API-653 Inspections Should CoincideWith the Results of a CP SystemEvaluation
Corrosion Engineers and MechanicalInspectors Must be on the Same Page
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Tank
Rim Potential Measurements
Portable Reference Cell
Soil
(+)
????
-850mV-850mV
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Rim 25' Center 55' Rim
On -1411 -698 -404 -601 -1455
Off -902 -664 -402 -578 -911
Reference Cell
Bullseye
Monitoring
Tube
Test /
Access
Station
boveground
orage Tank
de
3Typical
Potentials (mV)
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Directional Boring Under
Existing AST
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2 !PVC
Grade
Aboveground
Storage Tank
3
Typical
Test/Access
Station
Monitoring
Tube
REFERENCE CELL MONITORING TUBEREFERENCE CELL MONITORING TUBE
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Directional Bore Under Tank for Anode or
Reference Cell Placement
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ABOVEGROUND STORAGE TANK
CATHODIC PROTECTION
3!PVC 20%Exposure
Anode Material
Anode Tube
10
Typical
Test/Acces
s Station
Grade
Aboveground
Storage Tank
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Computer Guided Horizontally
Bored Anode System
Tank
Rectifier
(+)
(-)
Anode
Splice Box
Anode
Pipe
Monitoring
Pipe
Anode Pipe
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CP Applications for Re-bottomed orCP Applications for Re-bottomed or
New TanksNew Tanks
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New Floor Installation on Existing ASTNew Floor Installation on Existing AST
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Anode
Reference
Cells
Tank
Impressed Current
Junction
Box
(-)
(+)
Rectifier
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CP Installation on Rebottomed TankCP Installation on Rebottomed Tank
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Above Ground
Storage Tank Bottoms
with Secondary Containment
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New Tank Construction with LinerNew Tank Construction with Liner
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Anode & Reference Cell PlacementAnode & Reference Cell Placement
in High Resistance Sandin High Resistance Sand
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Liner
Floor
AnodeConduit
CP Installation on Double Bottom TankCP Installation on Double Bottom Tank
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Installation of CP System onInstallation of CP System on
Lifted ASTLifted AST
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Explosion Proof Unit
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Reference Cell Placement Under Tank Bottom
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Inspection of CP SystemInspection of CP System
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-Record Volts/Amps
-Compare values to target settings
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Cathodic Protection Monitoring
Read rectifiers every 60 days.
Conduct annual inspection (obtainpotentials) by NACE certified
individuals.
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Annual Cathodic Protection Survey
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Internal Corrosion
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Anode Cathode
Water / Sediment
Fuel Product
Internal Corrosion
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CoatingAnode
Bolt
Tank Bottom
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Hot Asphalt Tank Bottoms (require special CP
design considerations due to heat)
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Recommended Practices
API-651 - Cathodic Protection of Aboveground Petroleum
Storage Tanks:
NACE RP0193-2001 - External Cathodic Protection of On-
Grade Carbon Steel Tank Bottoms:
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Recommended Practices
API-651 - Cathodic Protection of Aboveground Petroleum
Storage Tanks:
Galvanic anodes method is not practical for
protection of large bare structures.
NACE RP0193-2001 - External Cathodic Protection of On-
Grade Carbon Steel Storage Tank Bottoms:
Galvanic protection systems can be applied to
tank bottoms where the metallic surface areaexposed to the electrolyte can be minimized
through the application of a dielectric coating or the
area is small due to the tank size or configuration.
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SummarySummary
- Be aware of all regulations that may
pertain to your tanks and piping. When in
doubt talk to the governing agencies.
- Engage NACE qualified & experienced
personnel to engineer/maintain your
cathodic protection system.
- Refer to NACE/API Standards for guidance.
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QuestionsQuestions
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Thank YouThank You
Eric BonnerEric Bonner
Corrpro Companies, Inc.Corrpro Companies, Inc.
Atlanta Regional OfficeAtlanta Regional Office
Office (770) 761-5400Office (770) 761-5400Mobile (678) 848-0688Mobile (678) 848-0688
[email protected]@corrpro.com
