atomic bomb

•The world would now live with the threat of nuclear war.

•Arms race between Soviet Union and U.S. who could build the most nuclear weapons.

•U.S. would use nuclear weapons as a “deterrent”

•Peace through strength……

•“nuclear diplomacy”

•The world would now live with the threat of nuclear war.

•Arms race between Soviet Union and U.S. who could build the most nuclear weapons.

•U.S. would use nuclear weapons as a “deterrent”

•Peace through strength……

•“nuclear diplomacy”

The Arms Race:The Arms Race:A “Missile Gap?”A “Missile Gap?”

} The Soviet The Soviet Union Union exploded its exploded its first A-bomb in first A-bomb in 1949.1949.

} Now there Now there were two were two nuclear nuclear superpowers!superpowers!

Brinkmanship

Belief that only going to the brink of war would protect the U.S. from going to war with the Soviet Union.

U.S. would threaten mass retaliation with Soviet Union in order to try to get them to back off.

Suez Crisis Egypt’s president Gamal Abdel Nasser

tried to construct a dam on the Nile River.

U.S. and Britain offered to pay for project but Nasser began communicating with Soviet Union and Recognized the People’s Republic of China.

Eisenhower administration withdrew its offer.

Suez Crisis In Response, Nasser Nationalized the Suez

Canal making it under government control.

Before it was managed by the British and French and protected with British armed forces.

This threatened the flow of Middle Eastern oil to Europe.

Suez Crisis Britain and France teamed up with Israel

to try to get the land back without consulting the U.S.

President Eisenhower did not like this and refused to support them.

As a result of lack of U.S. support, Britain, France, and Israel were forced to withdraw its troops.

u

Eisenhower Doctrine

Stated that the U.S. would use force to help any Middle Eastern nation threatened by communism.

CIA Central Intelligence Agency- 1947

Intelligence gathering organization.

1953 helped install a new government in Iran and in 1954 same thing in Guatemala

Both helped to place anticommunist leaders in power and also created long term resentment toward U.S.

The Race for SpaceThe Race for SpaceThe Race for SpaceThe Race for Space

1957 Russians launch SPUTNIK I1957 Russians launch SPUTNIK I1957 Russians launch SPUTNIK I1957 Russians launch SPUTNIK I

Facts on Sputnik•Aluminum sphere, 23 inches in diameter

weighing 184 pounds with four steel antennae emitting radio signals.

•Launched Oct. 4, 1957

•Stayed in orbit 92 days, until Jan. 4, 1958

Facts on Sputnik•Aluminum sphere, 23 inches in diameter

weighing 184 pounds with four steel antennae emitting radio signals.

•Launched Oct. 4, 1957

•Stayed in orbit 92 days, until Jan. 4, 1958

Effects on the United States

•Americans fear a Soviet attack with

missile technology

Effects on the United States

•Americans fear a Soviet attack with

missile technology

•Americans resolved to regain technological superiority over the Soviet Union

•In July 1958, President Eisenhower created NASA or National Space and Aeronautics Agency

•1958 -->1958 --> National Defense Education ActNational Defense Education Act

•Americans resolved to regain technological superiority over the Soviet Union

•In July 1958, President Eisenhower created NASA or National Space and Aeronautics Agency

•1958 -->1958 --> National Defense Education ActNational Defense Education Act

1957 Russians launch SPUTNIK I1957 Russians launch SPUTNIK I1957 Russians launch SPUTNIK I1957 Russians launch SPUTNIK I

Atomic Anxieties:

•“Duck-and-Cover Generation”

Atomic Anxieties:

•“Duck-and-Cover Generation” Atomic Testing:•Between July 16, 1945 and Sept. 23, 1992, the United States conducted 1,054 official nuclear tests, most of them at the Nevada Test Site.

Atomic Testing:•Between July 16, 1945 and Sept. 23, 1992, the United States conducted 1,054 official nuclear tests, most of them at the Nevada Test Site.

Americans began building Americans began building underground bomb shelters underground bomb shelters and cities had underground and cities had underground

fallout shelters.fallout shelters.

Americans began building Americans began building underground bomb shelters underground bomb shelters and cities had underground and cities had underground

fallout shelters.fallout shelters.

Effects of Sputnik on United StatesEffects of Sputnik on United States

Cold War Technology 1948- Microwave

1946- Computer

1948- Hang Glider

1958- Nuclear Energy Plant

1960- Communications Satellite

1070s- Smoke Detector

1980s- Global Positioning System