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Atsuto Suzuki Atsuto Suzuki (KEK)(KEK)
NO-VENO-VEVenice, April 18, 2008
LHC at CERN
B-Factory
Photon Factory
J-PARC in Tokai
ILC Test Facility
ATF
STF
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Timeline of Current Timeline of Current ProjectsProjects
KEKB : 1 (ab)-1
Photon Factory& upgrade operation
LHC
J-PARC construction
ERL R&D
operation
1st resultsoperation
ILC R&DTDP1 TDP2
& n &
the nature of matter, the origins of the Universe, the nature of Life, the workings of mind.
Herbert A. Simon Nobel Laureate in Economics
from the Lecture in 1986
We humans have long been obsessed with four great questions:
8
PeV Accelerator
PeV=1015 eV
TeV=10TeV=101212 eV eV“Standard model”
HiggsHiggsQuarksQuarksLeptonsLeptons
Table-top X-ray FEL
100 GV/m100 GV/m
Plasma AccelerationTechnology
3rd-generation Synchrotron Light Source
3rd-generation Synchrotron Light Source
1000 times higher energy1000 times higher energy
“ “ New paradigm”New paradigm”
LeptogenesisLeptogenesis
SUSY breakingSUSY breaking
Extra dimensionExtra dimension Dark matterDark matterSupersymmetrySupersymmetry
1000 times more powerful beam
1000 times more powerful beam
Super-conducting AcceleratorTechnology100 kW Beam Power100 kW Beam Power
100 MW Beam Power100 MW Beam Power
J-PARC Neutrino FactoryNeutrino Factory
Muon ColliderMuon Collider
Linear ColliderLinear Collider
Brighter neutron sourceBrighter neutron source
Nuclear waste processingNuclear waste processing(Nuclear transmutation)(Nuclear transmutation)
Neutrino Factory
1000 timeshigher spatialresolution
1000 timeshigher spatialresolution
100 nano meter
100 pico meter
Nano beamTechnology
Ribosome
Catalysis Chemistry
Pd nanocluster
Cellular events
Sub-cellular events
Ribosome
Adapter proteins
Clathrin
Kinesin & microtubule
X-rays
Nucleotide
Hydrogen bond
nm beam focusing
nm beam handling
1000 times shorter timeresolution
1000 times shorter timeresolution
Ribosome
Rhodopsin ~200 fs
Femto-sec(Ultra Short
Pulses)Beam
Technology
1 fs = 10-15 s Energy Recovery Linac
Photon Factory
1 ps = 10-12 s
Photo-switching of metal-to-insulator
Dynamics of Molecules
Transient Phenomenaof Materials
Tera Hertz Coherent Light Source
Three approachesThree approachestoto
New PhysicsNew Physics
New particlesNew particlesand new interactionsand new interactions
LeptonLeptonphysicsphysics
Energy frontier experiments Energy frontier experiments
LHC, ILC, …LHC, ILC, …
LHCLHC
ILCILC
Higgs, SUSY, Dark matter, Higgs, SUSY, Dark matter, New understanding of space-time…New understanding of space-time…
BB Factories, LHCb, Factories, LHCb, KK exp., nEDM exp., nEDM etc etc..
KEKB upgradeKEKB upgrade
CP asymmetry, Baryogenesis,CP asymmetry, Baryogenesis,Left-right symmetry, New sourcesLeft-right symmetry, New sources
of flavor mixing…of flavor mixing…
exp., exp., LFV, LFV, LFV, LFV,gg-2, 0-2, 0 ……
Neutrino mixing/masses, Neutrino mixing/masses, Lepton number non-Lepton number non-
conservation… conservation…
J-PARC, Project-XJ-PARC, Project-X
Quark flavorQuark flavorphysicsphysics
• Highest priority is given to ILC– Before ILC, promote flavor physics at KEKB and J-PARC
• Action before the ILC approval– ILC R&D– Completion/commissioning of J-PARC
• Considering the world competition, it is urgent to improve neutrino intensity for T2K
– Continuation of KEKB/Belle with upgrade
Energy FrontierEnergy Frontier
ILC R&D Construction Experiment
LHC
Flavor Physics at Luminosity/Intensity Flavor Physics at Luminosity/Intensity FrontierFrontier, K, ,... at J-PARC
b, c, ,... with upgraded- KEKB/Belle
R&D ItemsR&D Items• Precise beam handlingPrecise beam handling in ATFin ATF• Superconducting RFSuperconducting RF in STFin STF
R&D ItemsR&D Items• Precise beam handlingPrecise beam handling in ATFin ATF• Superconducting RFSuperconducting RF in STFin STF
ATF2: Realization of the nanobeam ATF2: Realization of the nanobeam (beam commissioning : October 2008)(beam commissioning : October 2008)
Diagnostic line for Diagnostic line for the extracted low emittance beamthe extracted low emittance beam
ATF LinacATF Linac ATF DRATF DR
Laser-wire Laser-wire monitormonitor
ILC-like bunch ILC-like bunch extractionextraction
(RHUL)(RHUL)
(KEK, SLAC)(KEK, SLAC)
DR-BPM upgradeDR-BPM upgradefor more low emittancefor more low emittance
(FNAL, SLAC)(FNAL, SLAC)
Fast kicker Fast kicker developmentdevelopment
(KEK, LLNL, DESY)(KEK, LLNL, DESY)
ATF2 beam line: under construction
Commissioning :Commissioning :In October 2008In October 2008
• Miniature of ILC BDS (same optics as ILC)• ~35 nm beam size with a few nm stabilization• >100 participants from ~25 institutes
Phase 1 (2005 -2008) for quick startup of ILC SCRF, infra-structure development
subdivided to Phase 0.5 : 1 cavity in each short cryostat (cool
down:Oct.2007&Feb.2008) Phase 1.0 : 4 cavities in each short cryostat (2008) Phase 1.5 : replacement of cavities by improved gradient one (2008-
2009)
Phase 2 (2008 - 2010) develop ILC Main Linac RF unit start design Apr. 2008, fabrication in 2009 and 2010, commissioning
in 2011
Phase 3 (2009 - 2013) Industrialization of ILC Main Linac component develop industrialization technology in 2009 and 2010, fabrication of one more RF unit by the developed mass-production
technology
GDE S0 task (2006 - 2009) in parallel to phase 1, 2 develop ILC performance cavity (35MV/m, 90% yield)
Low-loss cavity
TESLA-type cavity
R&D on cavity and cryomodule
Gradient test of Ichiro #5 cavity at Jlab
STF vertical teststand construction
Four cavities in assembly
One cavity cool-downtest
STF underground tunnel
Valve Box
Connected Short Cryomodules
Cold Box
Waveguide connections
Tunnel length 92m width 5m height 5m
Test starts soon !Test starts soon !
763/763/ fb fb (December ‘07)(December ‘07)
Integrated Luminosity
goal : 1 (ab)goal : 1 (ab)-1-1
in 2009in 2009
e+ source
Ares RF cavity
SCC RF(HER)
ARES(LER)
3.5 GeV e+
8 GeV e-
GermanyGermany
CERNCERN
USUS
Peak Luminosity Trends in the last 30 Years
Installed in the KEKB tunnel. Installed in the KEKB tunnel. (February 2007)(February 2007)
Installed in the KEKB tunnel. Installed in the KEKB tunnel. (February 2007)(February 2007)
Electron RingElectron Ring
Positron RingPositron Ring
22 mrad.22 mrad.crossingcrossing
crab crossingcrab crossing
Quantitative confirmation of the KM model
Af ~ 0Sf = 0.652±0.039±0.020
Violation of CP symmetry !
B0J/KS
B0J/KS
Belle, July 05
Belle, July 05
Discovery of CP violation in BB system
Discovery of CP violation in BB system
SMBelle, 2005
D0-D0 mixing
AFB in BK*ll
X(3872)
Many new resonances
Bdtransition
Evidence for B
Z(4430)
BD*
Unexpectedly large D0D0 mixing
x=(0.97±0.29)%, y=(0.78±0.19)%
Anomalous CPV in b→s transition?
Possible Hints for New Physics in Flavor Decays Possible Hints for New Physics in Flavor Decays
Th
eore
tical calc
ula
tion
s
usin
g V
ub, m
d, K
Directmeasurement
Small inconsistency in the unitarity triangle?
Opposite CP asymmetry between B0 and B±
SM
X(3872)
Bdtransition
Z(4430)
BD*
Standard Model
qu
ark
lep
ton
Sta
ndard
Model
Sta
ndard
M
odel
KobayashKobayashii
MasukawaMasukawa
Strong Motivation for KEKB Strong Motivation for KEKB UpgradeUpgrade
Belle with improved rate immunityBelle with improved rate immunity
Background tolerant small cell
drift chamber
Faster calorimeter with wave form sampling and pure CsI
Si vertex detector withvery short strips
• Asymmetric energy Asymmetric energy eeee collider at E collider at ECMCM=m=m(((4S)) (4S)) to beto be realized by realized by upgrading the existing KEKB collider.upgrading the existing KEKB collider.
• Initial target: Initial target: 1010××higher luminosityhigher luminosity 2210103535/cm/cm22/sec/sec 221010 9 9 BBBB and and per yr. per yr. • Final goal: Final goal: LL=8=810103535/cm/cm22/sec/sec and and ∫∫L dt = L dt = 5050 abab-1-1
Crab cavityCrab cavity
3.5GeV e
8GeV e
New beam-pipesNew beam-pipeswith ante-chamberwith ante-chamber
DampingDampingring for ering for e++
New IR with crabNew IR with crabcrossing and crossing and
smaller smaller yy**
More RF for higherMore RF for higherbeam currentbeam current
SR
beam
after 3 year shutdown
Major Achievements Expected at SuperKEKB
Case 1: All Consistent with Kobayashi-Maskawa TheoryCase 1: All Consistent with Kobayashi-Maskawa Theory
Discovery of T Violation in B p
Discovery of B K
Discovery of B D
Discovery of B
CKM Angle Measurements with 1 degree precision
Discovery of CP Violation in Charged B Decays
|Vub| with 5% Precision
Search for New CP-Violating Phase in b s with 1 degree precision
“Discovery” withsigfinicance > 5
Discovery of New Subatmic Particles
sin2W with O(10-4) precision
Observations with
(5S), (3S) etc.
Major Achievements Expected at SuperKEKB
Case 1: All Consistent with Kobayashi-Maskawa TheoryCase 1: All Consistent with Kobayashi-Maskawa Theory
Discovery of T Violation in B p
Discovery of B K
Discovery of B D
Discovery of B
CKM Angle Measurements with 1 degree precision
Discovery of CP Violation in Charged B Decays
|Vub| with 5% Precision
Search for New CP-Violating Phase in b s with 1 degree precision
“Discovery” withsigfinicance > 5
Discovery of New Subatmic Particles
Case 2: New Physics with Extended Flavor Structure
Case 2: New Physics with Extended Flavor Structure
Discovery of Lepton Flavor Violation in Decays#
Discovery of Lepton Flavor Violation in Decays#
Discovery of New Right-Handed Current in b s Transitions #
Discovery of New Right-Handed Current in b s Transitions #
# SUSY GUT withgluino mass = 600GeV,tan = 30
Observations with
(5S), (3S) etc.
sin2W with O(10-4) precision
Discovery of New CP Violation
in B K0 Decays#
Discovery of New CP Violation
in B K0 Decays#
International Collaboration on LHC by Japan Accelerator Experiments
LHCProject
- Search for Higgs and physics beyond Standard Model (SUSY…)- 14 TeV pp collisions with L=1034cm-2s-1 and heavy-ion collisions.- 4 major experiments: ATLAS, CMS, ALICE and LHCb- Construction 1994-2008, Start operation in 2008, Cost: ~5B$,
Japan announced to support LHC in 1995 Total financial contribution ~160 M$
KEK delivered 16 focusing quads.
1050 muon TGC chambers + most of trigger electronics
Central Solenoid
980 modules ofSilicon tracker
physics data analysis with Tier-2 center at U. Tokyo
ATLAS (7%) and ALICE
LHC luminosity upgrade plan-
Phase I upgrade (2012) - go up to L 21034 cm-2 s-1
- no detector upgrade - new IR triplet with 130mm aperture
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Peak Lumi
Int Lumi
Halving time (years)
(1034cm-2s-1)
(fb-1)
Phas
e1
Phas
e2
Phase II upgrade (2016) - go up to L 101034 cm-2 s-1
- with major detector and injector upgrade
- scenario I : push to * down 14 cm with Nb3Sn/Nb3Al triplet magnets. - scenario II : with large Piwinski angle and ultimate bunch charge of 4.71011
- total cost ~1.2 BCHF including detector upgrades (ATLAS only ~210 MCHF)
Current activities for LHC upgrade by Japanese groups
- Accelerator : Started R&D of Nb3Al conductor for high field magnets. - ATLAS : Started R&D of Silicon-strip detector under ATLAS upgrade organization.
PF : 2.5GeV, 450mA PF-AR:6.5GeV, 50mA
: Single Bunch
6060 stations : activestations : active
Compact ERL: 200 MeV
ERL : Energy Recovery ERL : Energy Recovery LinacLinac
• Light Source– (According to the JSSRR recommendation)
5 GeV ERL is one of the most promising next generation machines– Science opportunity complementary to XFEL
• Action before the ERL approval– Construct a compact ERL as the prototype and a THz light source
average brilliance
peak brilliance
repetition rate (Hz)
coherent fraction
bunch width (ps)
# of BLs
ERL ~1023 ~1026 1.3G ~20% 0.1~1 ~30
XFEL 1022~1023 ~1033 100~1K 100% 0.1 1 ~ 5
(brilliance : photons/mm2/mrad2/0.1%/s @ 10 keV)
• J-PARC– Highest priority is the successful
commissioning– Action after commissioning
• Present upgrade plan + new proposals/ideas• Master plan beyond Phase-I is to be defined, based
on the existing upgrade plan and new proposals. • Considering the world competition,
it is urgent to improve neutrino intensity (from High Energy Physics)
RCS
MLF
Linac
Hadrons
Neutrinos
in 2008
in 2009
in 2009
50 GeV MR
200 MeV 200 MeV 400 400 MeV MeV
Proton decayProton decay
T2KT2K(( 20092009
~)~)
DiscoveryDiscoveryee app. app.
CPV searchCPV search
Dream Dream ScenarioScenario
Neutrino &Neutrino &Anti-Neutrino meas.Anti-Neutrino meas.
Far DetectorFar Detector
T2K T2K UpgradeUpgrade(2009~)(2009~)
BeamBeamIntensity Intensity
water Cv Liq. Ar
Tech.Tech.ChoiceChoice
Large det.Large det.ConstructionConstruction
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
KEKB : 1 (ab)-1
Photon Factory& upgrade operation
LHC
J-PARC construction
ERL R&D
operation
1st resultsoperation
ILC R&DTDP1 TDP2
& n &
power upgrade
upgrading to Super-KEKB
continue R&D of compact ERL
LHC upgrade
Intensive R&D
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
KEKB : 1 (ab)-1
Photon Factory& upgrade operation
LHC
J-PARC construction
ERL R&D
operation
1st resultsoperation
ILC R&DTDP1 TDP2
& n &
power upgrade
upgrading to Super-KEKB
continue R&D of compact ERL
LHC upgrade
Intensive R&D
2007
continue R&D
Estimation for 5 year planEstimation for 5 year plan
salary and operation(PF & J-PARC) : not
included
• first class : 720 M$first class : 720 M$
nightmarenightmare
• business class : 530 M$business class : 530 M$
sleepless-nightssleepless-nights
• economy class : 370 M$economy class : 370 M$
Young Kee Kim (Fermilab), Rolf Heuer (Desy), John Ellis (CERN),Jonathan Rosner (Chicago), Maury Tigner (Cornell), Satoshi Ozaki (BNL),Jean Zinn-Justin (Saclay) ・・・・・・・・