Audrey FOURNIER – DRAAF Nord-Pas-de-Calais

Presentation of the region and of its youth issues in rural/peri

urbans areas

Nord - Pas-de-CalaisNord - Pas-de-Calais

1st of March 20111st of March 2011

Audrey FOURNIER – DRAAF Nord-Pas-de-Calais

Localisation

The northern part of France, composed of 2 departments

Surface: 12 414 Km212 414 Km2, ie 2,35% of Metropolitan France’s surface.

A A strategic placestrategic place in Europe in Europe

140 km of seafront140 km of seafront (The Channel and the North Sea) with 2 big harbours: CalaisCalais (~ 40 million of goods in transit each year, 4th french commercial harbour) and DunkerqueDunkerque (1 st french harbour for ores, coal, copper and fruits transit; ~45 million goods in transit each year)

350 km of common border with Belgium350 km of common border with Belgium

Easy and quick access to United KingdomUnited Kingdom (Calais – Kent = 35 km); BelgiumBelgium (Lille-Brussels = 100 Km); NetherlandsNetherlands (Lille-Amsterdam = 280 Km); GermanyGermany (Lille-Aachen = 250 Km; Lille –Düsseldorf = 300 Km)

Country’s scale

Region’s scale

Department’s scale

Audrey FOURNIER – DRAAF Nord-Pas-de-Calais

Geography

A relatively plane areaplane area suitable for agriculture

ForestForest: 22 000 ha (1,7% of total area)

An oceanic climateoceanic climate (~800 mm precipations/year), linked with the relief

PopulationPopulation: 4 M inhabitants (7% of french population)=> 326 326 inhabitants/Km2inhabitants/Km2

36,5%36,5% of the population is under 25 under 25 years oldyears old (french average: 32,4%)

Migration of population to poles of attraction: mainly cities, leading to a growth of peri urban areas. 76% of the 76% of the population lives in cities.population lives in cities.

11 agglomerations of more than 50 000 inhabitants

Relief in Nord-Pas-de-Calais

Localisation of forests

Source INSEE, 2008 datas

Age pyramid in Nord-Pas-de-Calais (2011)

Audrey FOURNIER – DRAAF Nord-Pas-de-Calais

A little bit of History

17131713: Utrecht treaty => Nord-Pas-de-Calais becomes French.

XVIIIeXVIIIe: the area becomes a coalfieldcoalfield and develop its metalworking industrymetalworking industry. Lille becomes the largest ceramics factory in Europe.

XIXeXIXe: the expansionexpansion of textile, coalfield, metallurgy, steel industry and industrial chemistry keeps on. Social differences increase.

Early XXeEarly XXe: the area peaks, peaks, 1/3 of the national production: 2,7 M tons of coal) => benefit to agriculture and transports

World War IWorld War I: the area is devastated (Front of the war). Belgium and Polish migrants come to rebuilt and to work in the mines

19291929: Economic CrisisCrisis, thousands of people leave the aera

World War IIWorld War II: German annexationannexation in 1940 and becomes an industrial pole for the german arms industry

After WarAfter War: rehabilitation of mines (German and Italian workers) but food restrictions => extrem poverty and extrem poverty and strikesstrikes hardly repressed

1950-19801950-1980: Restructuration of coal and steel industries. 1952: coal and steel european pact. Competition with oil and natural gaz.

19601960: General strikestrike of miners and migration of north Africain workers

19731973: Oil and economic crisiscrisis => coal and steel industry collapsecoal and steel industry collapse => loss of hundreds of thousands jobs.

19901990: Last extraction of coalLast extraction of coal in the area

Audrey FOURNIER – DRAAF Nord-Pas-de-Calais

Nowadays

IndustryIndustry: 87% of electricity comes from nuclear energy. Windmills start showing up. Pole of aluminium in Dunkerque. +++ transport; boom agribusiness (sugar and bewering industry)

AgricultureAgriculture: 70% of total surface (wheat and barley, sugar beet, potatoes, chicory, hop, chicken, milk, beef).

ServicesServices: flourishing sector, mainly transport and distribution.

GDP GDP = 97 billion € => 4,8% of France’s GDP (Source: INSEE 2010)

Audrey FOURNIER – DRAAF Nord-Pas-de-Calais

Place of youth in Nord-Pas-de-Calais

Ratio of 18-29 yeared-old without degree/diplomaRatio of 18-29 yeared-old without degree/diploma

Ratio of under 25 in total populationRatio of under 25 in total populationEmployment poolsEmployment pools

Nord-Pas-de-Calais => 160 000 students, 6 universities, 18 ingenieer schools, 1 PHD european center welcoming 3 000 PHD

students, 4 000 researchers (Health, Hightech, Sustainable Development, Textile,

Sociology in rural areas).

Audrey FOURNIER – DRAAF Nord-Pas-de-Calais

Youth and job market

12.9% unemployement12.9% unemployement in the area (9.3% in Metropolitan France)

20% of youth20% of youth under 25 years old unemployement (8.4% in Metropolitan France). ¼ of unemployed¼ of unemployed are under 25 years old.

Youth usually get short term job short term job contracts or temporary work.contracts or temporary work.

Audrey FOURNIER – DRAAF Nord-Pas-de-Calais

Actions for youth in Nord-Pas-de-Calais: knowledge for thoughts…

Region encourages apprenticeshipapprenticeship and partnerships between schools partnerships between schools and compagniesand compagnies (financial assistance to apprentices, to employers of apprentices and to trainning centers).

Pact for the futur and youth employment :

« 50 000 jobs for youth in the 3 following years in Nord-Pas-de-Calais»« 50 000 jobs for youth in the 3 following years in Nord-Pas-de-Calais»

Help to get the driving licencedriving licence

Settlement of 15 Human Ressources platforms 15 Human Ressources platforms in the area (meeting with youth, test of abilities, workshops about job research, application writting etc…)

Setting up of forums forums and exhibitionsexhibitions about summer jobs, first jobs for youth and graduate students, and trainnings (twice a year).

In Cambrésis: a quizzquizz has been launched since january 2011 targeting all the youth (between 15 and 25 years old) of the area to know about their expectations, their worries, their doubts etc… on the theme of youth’s place in rural areas. Results will show up in June 2011.

LEADER and Cooperation projectsCooperation projects about youth in rural areas: LAG Lys-Romane, LAG Cambrésis => open minds, encourage mobility of youth, develop european citizenship and regional identity…