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AVIATION SATELLITE
COMMUNICATIONSAircraft wireless networks
-Vijayasaradhi
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Sky is Not the Limit
an aircraft, a satellite link, and a ground station
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LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Theory of Operation
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Why Essential
Internet connection to passengers
Data and Voice volumes
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Frequencies
Omega navigation10 - 14 kHz
ADF 190 - 1750 kHz
HF 2 - 30 MHz
Marker beacon 74.85, 75, 75.-5 MHz
VOR/LOC 108 118 MHz
VHF COM 118 - 136 MHz Glide slope 328 335 MHz
GSM 400 450 496 MHz
GSM 850 824 - 894 MHz
GSM 900 876 950 MHz
DME 960 - 1220 MHz TCAS/ATC 1030, 1090 MHz
GPS 1575 MHz
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GSM 1800 1710 1880 MHz
European UMTS 1880 - 2025, 2110 2200 MHz
GSM 1900 1850 - 1900 MHz
IMS band: 802.11b, Bluetooth 2446.5 - 2483.5 MHz
Low-range altimeter 4.3 GHz Microwave landing system 5.03, 5.09 GHz
802.11a 5.15 - 5.35 GHz
Weather radar 5.4 GHz
802.11a 5.725 - 5.825 GHz Weather radar 9.3 GHz
Sky radio11.7 GHz
DBS TV 12.2 - 12.7 GHz
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Theory of Operations
Aviation satellite communication provide voiceand data services for aviation safety services.
New type of avionics SDU (satcom data unit) willbe deployed and operated with global satellite
In addition to existing aircraft voice and datacommunication systems, ground based serverwill be deployed for data service.
Server will provide connectivity with the existing
aviation data networks, such as ARINC andSITA in support of AAC, AOC, and ATC datacommunications.
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Air to Ground Voice / Data
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Air to Air Voice/data
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Supports
supports voice,data, fax, and messaging
from Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)
Services basic voice calling (telephony),
short burst data, and RUDICS (TCP/IP)
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Segments
Space Segment (66 sats)
System Control Segment
Gateway Segment Subscriber Segment
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space segment
66 Space Vehicles in six low earth orbital planesthrough the earths polar axis
orbital period 100 minutes and an averagevelocity of 16557 MPH.
SV provide the communication links between theaircraft/aircraft/ gateways.
L-Band (1610 to 1626.5 MHz)
3Main Mission Antennas (MMA) links aircraft
SDU and the SV. Each MMA projects a pattern of 16 beams to the
ground
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System Control Segment
central management function
Components
Telemetry tracking and control sites (TTAC)
Control Facilities (CF)
Operational Support Network (OSN).
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Gateway Segment
Setup and maintain basic telephony services.
Provide messaging and data services (including
Direct Internet, RUDICS, dial-up data Short
Burst Data (SBD). Interface to the PSTN, or leased lines
Interface to the Constellation
Gateway functions. Messaging processing and services
Management and billing functions.
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Gateway
Gateway is split into two functional areas: The gateway management System (GMS)
The gateway operational elements
Gateway is comprised of the following network elements:
1) GSM switch (SSS)
2) Earth Terminals (ET)
3) ETC Transmission Subsystem (ETS)
4) ETC Communications Subsystem (ECS)
5) Message Origination Center (MOC)6) Notification Center (NC)
7) Web and Email messaging server (WEMS)
8) RUDICS
9) ETC Short Burst Data Subsystem (ESS)
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Subscriber Segment (Avionics)
ISU, L-band transceiver (LBT)
SDU (LBT and a I/F)
Antenna
permanent number stored on the SIM card Mobile Subscriber ISDN Number (MSISDN)
Cockpit audio control and recording systems, theaircraft
communication and reporting system (ACARS)
Multi-purpose control and display units (e.g.,CDU and MCDU)
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Ground Based Data Server
conduit and traffic controller for the data
for SDU and aviation networks (e.g.,
ARINC and SITA networks), and/or leased
lines to air traffic service providers insupport of AAC, AOC , ATC messaging
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Services Supported
Voice Service Acquisition
Access
V i S i
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Voice Service Acquiring a traffic channel on a SV (Acquisition) by the
subscriber unit ( SDU)
Accessing the gateway is process of obtaining the SDUsaccess to the
network which can include:
Geolocation - Call processing location determination
Aircraft SDU Parameter Download
Registration/Location update
Authentication of SDUs SIM including TMSI assignment(Authentication)
Call Establishment is the processes of setting up a call whichinclude:
Originating a call from an SDU (MOC) or PSTN via thegateway (MTC)
Terminating a call at an SDU (MTC) or PSTN number viathe gateway (MOC)
Call Maintenance is the process of maintaining a connectionwhich include Handoff, Reconfiguration (cutthrough/intercept/grounding).
Call Release
Call
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Call Handling Elements
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Acquisition
Acquisition: SDU obtaining a bidirectional TrafficChannel, between the SDU and a Space Vehicle(SV). SDU user taking action to request aservice that requires a channel, or by the SDUvia M/CDU
Classes: Network Iridium LLC Use
Aeronautical Safety Services
Fire, Police, Rescue Agencies
Emergency Calls
Regular Subscribers
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Access
Access process
determines the SDU location w.r.t Service
Control Areas defined in Earth Coordinates
immediately following Acquisition. Location GPS/Nav/CPLD
systems accuracy By
relative a/c to SV geometry
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Call
Call Establishment Registration / re-registration
Call from aircraft SIM verified
gateway alerts SDU ringing
Call Maintenance SDU handed off between SVs
SDU handed off between beams of SV SDU handed off different channel in same beam
Call Release
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Data Link
two type of data service SBD /RUDICS
Short Burst Data Service SBD
Aircraft (MU/CMU)to Ground server
RUDICS is circuit switched data service
integrated data solution remote asset monitoring,
control, and data file transfer
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Operations
Connectivity
Calling Characteristics (GSM delay 375 ms)
Security (Locked phases) Handling of Miss-directed PIN /Fraud Protection/Denial of Service
Quality of Service Measurement
System Outages and Maintenance Planed / unplanned /notification
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Avionics