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Alarms for AXC
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The information in this document is subject to change without notice and describes only theproduct defined in the introduction of this documentation. This document is intended for the useof Nokia's customers only for the purposes of the agreement under which the document issubmitted, and no part of it may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or means without theprior written permission of Nokia. The document has been prepared to be used by professionaland properly trained personnel, and the customer assumes full responsibility when using it.Nokia welcomes customer comments as part of the process of continuous development andimprovement of the documentation.
The information or statements given in this document concerning the suitability, capacity, or performance of the mentioned hardware or software products cannot be considered binding butshall be defined in the agreement made between Nokia and the customer. However, Nokia hasmade all reasonable efforts to ensure that the instructions contained in the document areadequate and free of material errors and omissions. Nokia will, if necessary, explain issueswhich may not be covered by the document.
Nokia's liability for any errors in the document is limited to the documentary correction of errors.NOKIA WILL NOT BE RESPONSIBLE IN ANY EVENT FOR ERRORS IN THIS DOCUMENTOR FOR ANY DAMAGES, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL (INCLUDING MONETARYLOSSES), that might arise from the use of this document or the information in it.
This document and the product it describes are considered protected by copyright according tothe applicable laws.
NOKIA logo is a registered trademark of Nokia Corporation.
Other product names mentioned in this document may be trademarks of their respectivecompanies, and they are mentioned for identification purposes only.
Copyright © Nokia Corporation 2003. All rights reserved.
Nokia FlexiHopper, Nokia MetroHopper, Nokia MetroHub, Nokia MetroSite and Nokia UltraSiteare trademarks of Nokia Networks Oy.
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9.11 61182 Far end block state 379.12 61183 Group timing mismatch 37
10 Interface protection alarms 39
10.1 61111 Interface protection unavailable 39
11 JT1 alarms 4111.1 61028 Loss of frame 4111.2 61029 Loss of signal 4111.3 61104 Excessive bit error rate 4211.4 61151 Alarm indication signal 4311.5 61152 Remote defect indication 44
12 JT2 alarms 4512.1 61028 Loss of frame 4512.2 61029 Loss of signal 45
12.3 61151 Alarm indication signal 4612.4 61152 Remote defect indication 47
13 NND alarms 4913.1 61250 Neighbour Node Discovery could not use VPI=0, VCI=21 49
14 STM-0/STM-1/Sonet alarms 5114.1 61028 Loss of frame 5114.2 61029 Loss of signal 5214.3 61101 Trace ID mismatch for regenerator section 5214.4 61102 Alarm indication signal for multiplexer section 5314.5 61103 Remote defect indication for multiplexer section 5414.6 61104 Excessive bit error rate 55
14.7 61105 Loss of pointer 5514.8 61106 Alarm indication signal for administrative unit 5614.9 61107 Path unequipped 5714.10 61108 Path label mismatch 5814.11 61109 Remote defect indication for virtual container 5814.12 61110 Trace ID mismatch for virtual container 59
15 Synchronisation alarms 6115.1 61058 Primary timing source lost 61
16 T1 alarms 6316.1 61028 Loss of frame 63
16.2 61029 Loss of signal 6316.3 61104 Excessive bit error rate 6416.4 61151 Alarm indication signal 6516.5 61152 Remote defect indication 66
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1 General information on AXC alarms
Same alarm numbers
The interfaces STM-1/STM-0/Sonet, E1, T1, JT1 and JT2 share the alarm
numbers for the following alarms:
" 61028: Loss of frame (STM-1/STM-0/Sonet, E1, JT1, T1 and JT2)
" 61029: Loss of signal (STM-1/STM-0/Sonet, E1, JT1, T1 and JT2)
" 61104: Excessive bit error rate (STM-1/STM-0/Sonet, E1, JT1 and T1)
" 61151: Alarm indication signal (E1, JT1, T1 and JT2)
" 61152: Remote defect indication (E1, JT1, T1 and JT2)
The alarms are listed and described separately for each interface in the alarm
documentation.
Alarm time
Each AXC alarm will contain a time stamp that is derived from the current AXC
system time. It is recommended to connect the AXC to an NTP server in order to
make sure that the system time is always accurate. If no NTP server is available,
the system time can also be configured manually. However, the time settings will
be lost in case of a restart.
Alarm handling
The AXC features a "current alarm list" that stores all active alarms. For sending
the alarm and cancelling messages online via the DCN to the Nokia NetAct system, an alarm buffer holding up to 20 alarms is implemented. Typically, the
buffer is empty during operation because all messages can be sent after a short
waiting period. If the connection to NetAct is disturbed or interrupted completely,
the buffer is slowly filled with messages that cannot be transmitted, and finally,
the alarm "890 Alarm Buffer Overflow" is generated. Once the connection has
been recovered, the messages stored in the alarm buffer including the before
mentioned alarm will be sent out. Nokia NetAct reacts to this alarm with a
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deactivation of the online alarm notification process and performs an alarm
upload from the AXC in question. This upload will request the entries of the
current alarm list. After this, the alarm information in Nokia NetAct is up to date
again and the online alarm notification process can be reactivated.
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Figure 2. STS-1/STS-3c alarm hierarchy
E1 alarm hierarhcy
The following figure illustrates the E1 alarm hierarchy. If LOS is generated, all
other alarms below it are not generated.
Figure 3. E1 alarm hierarchy
LOS
LOF
LOCD
MS-RDI MS-AIS AU-AIS
AU-LOP
HP-UNEQ HP-RDI HP-PLM HP- TIM EBER
LOS
AIS
LOF/ LOMF
LOCD RDIEBE
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T1/JT1 alarm hierarchy
The following figure illustrates the T1/JT1 alarm hierarchy. If LOS is generated,
all other alarms below it are not generated.
Figure 4. T1/JT1 alarm hierarchy
JT2 alarm hierarchy
The following figure illustrates the JT2 alarm hierarchy. If LOS is generated, all
other alarms below it are not generated.
Figure 5. JT2 alarm hierarchy
LOS
AIS
LOF
LOCD RDIEBE
LOS
AIS
LOF
RDI
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IMA link hierarchy
The following figure illustrates the IMA link hierarchy.
Figure 6. IMA link hierarchy
IMA group hierarchy
The following figure illustrates the IMA group hierarchy.
Physical Layer defect
LIF
LODS
RFI_IMATx_Unusable FE Rx_Unusable FE
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Figure 7. IMA group hierarchy
For further information on alarms seeReference
/ Alarms
.
Start-up-FE
Config-Aborted
Config-Aborted FE
GR_Timing Mismatch Insufficient Links
Insufficient Links FE
Blocked FE
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3 AAL2 alarms
3.1 61260 STC connection to signalling peer notestablished
Severity
Major
Fault reason
The signalling transport converter link is down.
Probable root causes:
" the peer releases the connection by sending an END PDU
" the link goes down because the peer does not respond within the
TIMER_NO_RESPONSE period
" the link was never established
" the physical link is down
Description
Alarm text: STC connection to signalling peer not established
Comments: This alarm can be activated/deactivated in the AAL2 settings window
of the AXC Manager. The default is "activated".
Instructions
Check if any other alarms related to the fault are on. If this is the case, follow the
instructions of that alarm. If no other alarms related to the fault are on, check the
configuration of the peer.
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Cancelling
The system cancels the alarm automatically when the fault has been corrected.
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4 ATM alarms
4.1 61057 Loss of cell delineation on ATM interface
Severity
Major
Fault reason
Loss of ATM cell delineation. The network interface receives frames in which
ATM cells cannot be recognised. There are disturbances in the traffic of the
physical transmission link in question, or the traffic has been completely
prevented.
Note
This alarm is not raised on interfaces of type JT2.
Description
Alarm text: LOCD on slot $S, port $P
Comments: LOCD is declared when a number of consecutive incorrect HEC
bytes has been received. Available for SDH/Sonet/E1/JT1/T1.
Instructions
Check if any other alarms related to the fault are on. If this is the case, follow the
instructions of that alarm. If no other related alarms are on, the problem is
somewhere in the transmission network, and it should be investigated. If the
alarm is on only temporarily, no action is needed.
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Cancelling
The system cancels the alarm automatically when the fault has been corrected.
4.2 61070 ATM interface disabled
Severity
Warning
Fault reason
ATM interface disabled. The alarm is raised when the operational state changes to
disabled. The alarm is always sent simultaneously with the root cause alarm. Thiscan be LOS, LOF, AIS, RDI, LOCD.
Note
This alarm is not raised on interfaces which are connected to the BTS (CIF).
Description
Alarm text: ATM interface disabled on slot $S, port $P
Comments: The alarm is raised when the operational state of TCTT goes to
disabled. If an IMA interface is disabled, the $P information signifies IMA group
ID.
Instructions
Check the related physical layer alarm. Follow the instructions of that alarm.
Cancelling
The system cancels the alarm automatically when the fault has been corrected.
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Fault reason
Version mismatch. This alarm is raised when the version of the BTS AXC
communication protocol could not be agreed yet. This alarm appears during BTS/
AXC start-up and it is typically only temporarily active.
Description
Alarm text: Version mismatch
Instructions
If the alarm remains active, restart either the BTS or AXC.
Cancelling
The system cancels the alarm automatically when the fault has been corrected.
5.4 61301 Fan unit defect
Severity
Major
Fault reason
Equipment malfunction. The alarm is raised if one of the two fans of the S-AXC
cartridge's fan unit is defect.
Description
Alarm text: Fan unit defect
Instructions
Replace the defect fan unit by a new one as soon as possible.
Note
The correct operation of an S-AXC with a defect fan cannot be guaranteed for a
long period of time within its upper operational temperature range.
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Cancelling
The system cancels the alarm automatically when the fault has been corrected.
5.5 61302 Running low on memory
Severity
Major
Fault reason
Out of memory. This alarm is raised when only 1 MB RAM is left on the AXU.
Description
Alarm text: Running low on memory on slot $S
Comments: Memory shortage on an AXU (slot 1 or slot 6).
Instructions
1. Switch unnecessary PM counter off
2. Reduce the number of cross-connection
Cancelling
The system cancels the alarm automatically when the fault has been corrected.
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6 CES alarms
6.1 61190 Cell loss
Severity
Warning
Fault reason
Cell loss. This alarm is raised when cells are continuously lost.
Description
Alarm text: Cell loss on slot $S, port $P
Instructions
Check if any other alarms concerning the fault are on. If this is the case, follow
the instructions of that alarm. If not, check the dimensioning of the used ATM
traffic descriptors and the CES interworking function.
Cancelling
The system cancels the alarm automatically when the fault has been corrected.
6.2 61191 Buffer underflow Severity
Warning
Fault reason
Buffer underflow. This alarm indicates a buffer underflow of the CES
reassembling function. There can be several root causes:
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" large cell delay variation
" clocking differences between the nodes
Description
Alarm text: Buffer underflow on slot $S, port $P
Instructions
Check if any other alarms concerning the fault are on. If this is the case, follow
the instructions of that alarm. If not, check the dimensioning of the used ATM
traffic descriptors and the CES interworking function.
Cancelling
The system cancels the alarm automatically when the fault has been corrected.
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7 E1 alarms
7.1 61028 Loss of frame
Severity
Critical
Fault reason
Loss of frame.
Probable cause: The interface type has not been properly configured.
Description
Alarm text: LOF on slot $S, port $P
Comments: LOF is declared when three consecutive incorrect frame alignment
signals have been received according to [G.706].
Instructions
Check if the configured interface type matches the configured interface type of
the far end interface. If this is the case, the problem is somewhere in the
transmission network, and it should be investigated. If the alarm is only
temporarily on, no action is needed.
Cancelling
The system cancels the alarm automatically when the fault has been corrected.
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7.2 61029 Loss of signal
Severity
Critical
Fault reason
Loss of signal.
Probable cause:
" a cable is cut
" the signal is strength is not sufficient
" the equipment failed
" the interface of the far end is switched "OFF"
Description
Alarm text: LOS on slot $S, port $P
Comments: LOS defect is detected when the incoming signal has no transitionsaccording to [G.775]. All other transmission alarms related to this signal are
suppressed.
Instructions
Check that the cables are connected to the correct connectors. Check if the
interface of the far end is switched "ON". If the alarm remains active, the problem
is somewhere in the transmission network, and it should be investigated.
Cancelling
The system cancels the alarm automatically when the fault has been corrected.
7.3 61104 Excessive bit error rate
Severity
Critical
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Fault reason
Excessive bit error rate. The measured bit error rate exceeds the configured
threshold value (BER-3 or BER-6).
Probable cause: The signal level is too low, the receiver or transmitter has failed
or an item of other equipment has failed along the line.
Description
Alarm text: BER on slot $S, port $P
Comments: Threshold alarms related to CRC-4 errors: configurable either to
BER-3 or BER-6.
Instructions
Check if any other alarms concerning the fault are on. If this is the case, follow
the instructions of that alarm. If no other alarms concerning the fault are on, the
problem is somewhere in the transmission network, and it should be investigated.
If the alarm is on only temporarily, no action is needed.
Cancelling
The system cancels the alarm automatically when the fault has been corrected.
7.4 61150 Loss of multiframe
Severity
Critical
Fault reason
Loss of multiframe. The interface has lost CRC alignment.
Description
Alarm text: LOMF on slot $S, port $P
Instructions
Check that the other end of the link has CRC in use. In addition, use the same
instructions as in case of a loss of frame alignment alarm to locate the fault.
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Cancelling
The system cancels the alarm automatically when the fault has been corrected.
7.5 61151 Alarm indication signal
Severity
Major
Fault reason
Alarm indication signal. The alarm signal is received, the received signal has no
framing and it is all ones.
Description
Alarm text: AIS on slot $S, port $P
Comments: AIS defect is detected when the incoming signal has two or less zeros
in each of two consecutive double frame periods (512 bits) according to [G.775].
Instructions
The signal is cut somewhere in the network and AIS replacement has taken place.
Follow the signal in the network to find out the place where AIS replacement hasoccurred. This link is usually faulty or has configuration errors. Other alarms may
cause this alarm because of AIS switching in the receiving direction.
Cancelling
The system cancels the alarm automatically when the fault has been corrected.
7.6 61152 Remote defect indication
Severity
Major
Fault reason
Remote defect indication. Sent by the equipment in the far end (timeslot 0/bit 3).
It indicates a serious fault in the received signal of the far end equipment.
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Description
Alarm text: RDI on slot $S, port $P
Comments: RDI defect is detected when the incoming signal has the Remote
alarm indication bit set to binary 1 for z consecutive double frame periods
according to [G.775].
Instructions
Check if any other alarms concerning the fault are on. If this is the case, follow
the instructions of that alarm. If no other alarms concerning the fault are on, the
problem is somewhere in the transmission network, and it should be investigated.
If the alarm is only temporarily on, no action is needed.
Cancelling
The system cancels the alarm automatically when the fault has been corrected.
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8 HW/SW alarms
8.1 61200 Unit type mismatch
Severity
Critical
Fault reason
Unit mismatch. A wrong type of plug-in unit has been inserted into a subrack slot,
a unit has been inserted into an unused slot or the slot has been configured to
expect an other unit.
Description
Alarm text: Unit type mismatch in slot $S
Instructions
Ensure that the expected unit has been properly configured. If this is the case,
plug a unit into the related slot which suits the configuration.
Cancelling
The system cancels the alarm automatically when the fault has been corrected.
8.2 61201 Unit missing
Severity
Critical
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Fault reason
Unit missing. The slot has been configured to hold a unit but the plug-in unit is
not physically present in the slot.
Description
Alarm text: Unit missing in slot $S
Instructions
Plug in a proper unit or replace the defect unit with a new one. Follow the
instructions in the user manual for replacing plug-in units. If the slot shall not
hold a unit, uninstall the unit with the Nokia AXC Manager.
Cancelling
The system cancels the alarm automatically when the fault has been corrected.
8.3 61202 SW version mismatch
Severity
Critical
Fault reason
SW version mismatch. The SW of the unit plugged into the AXC node does not
fit to the overall AXC SW version.
Description
Alarm text: SW version mismatch in slot $S
Instructions
Replace the unit with a unit holding the right software version or execute asoftware update.
Cancelling
The system cancels the alarm automatically when the fault has been corrected.
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9 IMA alarms
9.1 61170 Loss of IMA frame
Severity
Critical
Fault reason
Loss of IMA frame. The loss of the IMA frame detected in one link of the IMA
group. There are traffic disturbances or traffic of the IMA group is completely
cut. The LIF defect is the occurrence of persistent OIF (out of IMA frame)
anomalies for at least 2 IMA frames.
Description
Alarm text: Loss of IMA frame on slot $S, port $P
Instructions
Check the PDH layer alarm. If the alarm is only temporarily on, no action is
needed.
Cancelling
The system cancels the alarm automatically when the fault has been corrected.
9.2 61171 IMA link out of delay synchronisation
Severity
Critical
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Fault reason
Link out of delay synchronisation. A LODS defect is reported when the link
differential delay between the Tx timing link and the other links in the group has
exceeded the tolerable link differential delay.
Description
Alarm text: IMA link out of delay synchronisation on slot $S, port $P
Instructions
Check the differential delay time setting. If the IMA links are transported via
different transmission paths this could be the reason for this alarm.
Cancelling
The system cancels the alarm automatically when the fault has been corrected.
9.3 61172 IMA remote failure indication
Severity
Major
Fault reason
Remote failure indication. IMA related remote defect detected. Traffic of the IMA
group does not function properly.
Probable causes:
" physical link defect
" loss of IMA frame
" loss of delay synchronisation
Description
Alarm text: IMA remote failure indication on slot $S, port $P
Instructions
Check PDH layer alarms. If the alarm is on only temporarily, no action is needed.
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Cancelling
The system cancels the alarm automatically when the fault has been corrected.
9.4 61175 Transmit link unusable
Severity
Major
Fault reason
Transmit link unusable. The far end reports that the transmitted signal is
unusable.
Description
Alarm text: Transmit link unusable on slot $S, port $P
Instructions
Check if any other alarms concerning the fault are on. If this is the case, follow
the instructions of that alarm. If no other alarms concerning the fault are on, the
problem is somewhere in the transmission network, and it should be investigated.
If the alarm is on only temporarily, no action is needed.
Cancelling
The system cancels the alarm automatically when the fault has been corrected.
9.5 61176 Receive link unusable
Severity
Major
Fault reason
Receive link unusable. The far end reports that the received signal is unusable.
Description
Alarm text: Receive link unusable on slot $S, port $P
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Instructions
Check if any other alarms concerning the fault are on. If this is the case, follow
the instructions of that alarm. If no other alarms concerning the fault are on, the
problem is somewhere in the transmission network, and it should be investigated.
If the alarm is on only temporarily, no action is needed.
Cancelling
The system cancels the alarm automatically when the fault has been corrected.
9.6 61177 Far end group start-up
Severity
Warning
Fault reason
Far end group start-up. This alarm is raised when the far end indicates that it is in
start-up phase.
Description
Alarm text: Far end group start-up on slot $S
Instructions
Typically this alarm is on only temporarily, no action is needed. If the alarm stays
active, check if any other alarms related to this fault are on. If this is the case,
follow the instructions of that alarm. If no other alarms concerning the fault are
on, the problem is somewhere in the transmission network.
Cancelling
The system cancels the alarm automatically when the fault has been corrected.
9.7 61178 Configuration abort state
Severity
Warning
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Fault reason
Configuration abort state. This alarm is raised when the far end tries to use
unacceptable configuration parameters.
Description
Alarm text: Config-abort state on slot $S
Instructions
Check the configuration on near end and far end fit together. If needed, change
the configuration accordingly.
Cancelling
The system cancels the alarm automatically when the fault has been corrected.
9.8 61179 Far end configuration abort state
Severity
Warning
Fault reason
Far end configuration abort state. This alarm is raised when the far end reports
unacceptable configuration parameters.
Description
Alarm text: Far end config-abort state on slot $S
Instructions
Check the configuration on near end and far end fit together. If needed change the
configuration accordingly.
Cancelling
The system cancels the alarm automatically when the fault has been corrected.
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Cancelling
The system cancels the alarm automatically when the fault has been corrected.
9.11 61182 Far end block state
Severity
Major
Fault reason
Far end block state. The far end IMA group reports that it is blocked. The IMA
group is out of use.
Description
Alarm text: Far end blocked state on slot $S
Instructions
The current IMA group configuration is out of use. It must be re-configured with
acceptable parameters.
Cancelling
The system cancels the alarm automatically when the fault has been corrected.
9.12 61183 Group timing mismatch
Severity
Major
Fault reason
Group timing mismatch. The far end transmit clock mode is different from the
near end transmit clock mode. The traffic of the IMA group does not function
properly.
Description
Alarm text: Group timing mismatch on slot $S
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Instructions
The current IMA group configuration is out of use. It must be re-configured with
acceptable parameters using the Nokia AXC Manager.
Cancelling
The system cancels the alarm automatically when the fault has been corrected.
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10 Interface protection alarms
10.1 61111 Interface protection unavailable
Severity
Minor
Fault reason
Interface protection unavailable. The protecting interface is not able to protect the
working interface or the protection switch has failed.
Description
Alarm text: IFP: Service not available on slot $S, port $P
Comments: $S, $P refers to the protecting interface.
Instructions
Check if any other alarms on the physical layer are on. If this is the case, follow
the instructions of that alarm. Check if the multiplex section protection (MSP)
version of the far end is compatible with MSP 1:1 (MSP 1:n).
Cancelling
The system cancels the alarm automatically when the fault has been corrected.
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11 JT1 alarms
11.1 61028 Loss of frame
Severity
Critical
Fault reason
Loss of frame.
Probable cause: The interface type has not been properly configured.
Description
Alarm text: LOF on slot $S, port $P
Instructions
Check if the configured interface type matches the configured interface type of
the far end interface. If this is the case, the problem is somewhere in the
transmission network, and it should be investigated. If the alarm is on only
temporarily, no action is needed.
Cancelling
The system cancels the alarm automatically when the alarm has been corrected.
11.2 61029 Loss of signal
Severity
Critical
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Fault reason
Loss of signal.
Probable cause:
" a cable is cut
" the signal strength is not sufficient
" the equipment failed
" the interface of the far end is switched "OFF"
Description
Alarm text: LOS on slot $S, port $P
Comments: All other transmission alarms to this signal are suppressed.
Instructions
Check that the cables are connected to the correct connectors. Check if the
interface of the far end is switched "ON". If the alarm remains active, the problem
is somewhere in the transmission network, and it should be investigated.
Cancelling
The system cancels the alarm automatically when the fault has been corrected.
11.3 61104 Excessive bit error rate
Severity
Critical
Fault reason
Excessive bit error rate. The measured bit error rate exceeds the configured
threshold value (BER-3 or BER-6).
Probable cause: The signal level is too low, the receiver or transmitter has failed,
an item of other equipment has failed along the line.
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Description
Alarm text: EBER on slot $S, port $P
Instructions
Check if any other alarms concerning the fault are on. If this is the case, follow
the instructions of that alarm. If no other alarms concerning the fault are on, the
problem is somewhere in the transmission network, and it should be investigated.
If the alarm is on only temporarily, no action is needed.
Cancelling
The system cancels the alarm automatically when the fault has been corrected.
11.4 61151 Alarm indication signal
Severity
Major
Fault reason
Alarm indication signal. Alarm signal is received, the received signal has no
framing and it is all ones.
Description
Alarm text: AIS on slot $S, port $P
Instructions
The signal is cut somewhere in the network and AIS replacement has taken place.
Follow the signal in the network to find out the place where AIS replacement has
been done. This link is usually faulty or has configuration errors. Other alarms
may cause this alarm because of AIS switching in the receiving direction.
Cancelling
The system cancels the alarm automatically when the fault has been corrected.
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11.5 61152 Remote defect indication
Severity
Major
Fault reason
Remote defect indication. Sent by the equipment in the far end. It indicates a
serious fault in the received signal of the far end equipment.
Description
Alarm text: RDI on slot $S, port $P
Instructions
Check if any other alarms concerning the fault are on. If this is the case, follow
the instructions of that alarm. If no other alarms concerning the fault are on, the
problem is somewhere in the transmission network, and it should be investigated.
If the alarm is only temporarily on, no action is needed.
Cancelling
The system cancels the alarm automatically when the fault has been corrected.
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12 JT2 alarms
12.1 61028 Loss of frame
Severity
Critical
Fault reason
Loss of frame.
Probable cause: The interface type of the connected equipment differs from JT2.
Description
Alarm text: LOF on slot $S, port $P
Comments: LOF is declared when seven consecutive incorrect frame alignment
signals have been received [G.706].
Instructions
Check if the interface type of the far end equipment is JT2. If this is the case, the
problem is somewhere in the transmission network, and it should be investigated.
If the alarm is on only temporarily, no action is needed.
Cancelling
The system cancels the alarm automatically when the alarm has been corrected.
12.2 61029 Loss of signal
Severity
Critical
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Fault reason
Loss of signal.
Probable cause:
" a cable is cut
" the signal strength is not sufficient
" the equipment failed
" the interface of the far end is switched "OFF"
Description
Alarm text: LOS on slot $S, port $P
Comments: LOS defect is detected when the incoming signal has no transitions
according to [G.775]. All other transmission alarms related to this signal are
suppressed.
Instructions
Check that the cables are connected to the correct connectors. Check if the
interface of the far end is switched "ON". If the alarm remains active, the problem
is somewhere in the transmission network, and it should be investigated.
Cancelling
The system cancels the alarm automatically when the fault has been corrected.
12.3 61151 Alarm indication signal
Severity
Major
Fault reason
Alarm indication signal. The alarm signal is received, the received signal has no
framing and it is all ones.
Description
Alarm text: AIS on slot $S, port $P
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Instructions
The signal is cut somewhere in the network and AIS replacement has taken place.
Follow the signal in the network to find out the place where AIS replacement has
been done. This link is usually faulty or has configuration errors. Other alarms
may cause this alarm because of AIS switching in the receiving direction.
Cancelling
The system cancels the alarm automatically when the fault has been corrected.
12.4 61152 Remote defect indication
Severity
Major
Fault reason
Remote defect indication. Sent by the equipment in the far end. It indicates a
serious fault in the received signal of the far end equipment.
Description
Alarm text: RDI on slot $S, port $P
Instructions
Check if any other alarms concerning the fault are on. If this is the case, follow
the instructions of that alarm. If no other alarms concerning the fault are on, the
problem is somewhere in the transmission network, and it should be investigated.
If the alarm is only temporarily on, no action is needed.
Cancelling
The system cancels the alarm automatically when the fault has been corrected.
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13 NND alarms
13.1 61250 Neighbour Node Discovery could not useVPI=0, VCI=21
Severity
Minor
Fault reason
The Neighbour Node Discovery (NND) is not able to use VPI-0 and VCI-21 on
an ATM Interface. The channel might be used for other purposes than NND.
Description
Alarm text: NND could not use VPI=0, VCI=21 on slot $S, port $P
Comments: This alarm is raised when NND is not able to reserve resources
required for operation. These include internal cross connection and SAR channel.
Instructions
If possible, reconfigure the existing channel so that it can be used for NND. If this
is not possible, switch the NND functionality for this particular interface "off".
Cancelling
The system cancels the alarm automatically when the fault has been corrected.
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14 STM-0/STM-1/Sonet alarms
14.1 61028 Loss of frame
Severity
Critical
Fault reason
Loss of frame in the regenerator section. The SDH interface receives frames
which have an incorrect frame pattern (A1 and A2 bytes). There are disturbances
in the traffic of the SDH transmission link, or the traffic has been completely
prevented.
Probable cause: The interface type has not been properly configured.
Description
Alarm text: LOF on slot $S, port $P
Comments: Frame alignment is deemed to have been lost when two consecutive
FAS are detected in error (i.e. 1 error in each FAS). Frame alignment is deemed to
have been recovered when one non-errored FAS is found [G.783]
Instructions
Check if the configured interface type matches the configured interface type of
the far end interface. If this is the case, the problem is somewhere in thetransmission network, and it should be investigated. If the alarm is on only
temporarily, no action is needed.
Cancelling
The system cancels the alarm automatically when the alarm has been corrected.
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14.2 61029 Loss of signal
Severity
Critical
Fault reason
Loss of signal at the optical interface.
Probable cause:
" A cable is cut
" the optical signal strength is not sufficient
" the equipment failed
" the laser on the far end interface is switched "OFF"
Description
Alarm text: LOS on slot $S, port $P
Comments: LOS is considered to have occurred when the amplitude of the
relevant signal has dropped below prescribed limits for a prescribed period
[I.432-2]. All other transmission alarms related to this signal are suppressed.
Instructions
Check that the fibres are connected to the correct connectors. For SDH/Sonet
interfaces, check that the laser of the far end is switched "ON". If the alarm
remains active, the problem is somewhere in the transmission network, and it
should be investigated.
Cancelling
The system cancels the alarm automatically when the fault has been corrected.
14.3 61101 Trace ID mismatch for regenerator section
Severity
Major
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Fault reason
Regenerator section trace ID mismatch. The incoming SDH signal has a different
regeneration section trace identifier than expected. This should mean that the
SDH signal of the interface is not originating from the expected source. The
traffic on the interface does not work.
Note
This alarm is not raised on Sonet interfaces.
Description
Alarm text: TIM (regenerator section) on slot $S, port $P
Instructions
Check the incoming and expected regenerator section traces with the Nokia AXC
Manager (J0). If the expected trace is correct and it still differs from the incoming
one, there are problems with the configuration. Check that the SDH fibres are
connected to the correct connectors. If those are connected correctly the problem
is in the trace configuration of the SDH equipment from which the signal is
originating.
Cancelling
The system cancels the alarm automatically when the fault has been corrected.
14.4 61102 Alarm indication signal for multiplexer section
Severity
Major
Fault reason
Alarm indication signal (MS). The SDH/Sonet interface receives an MS-AIS
(multiplexer section alarm indication signal) signal. The signal is cut, or faulty
frames have been received on the SDH/Sonet transmission link. There are traffic
disturbances on the SDH/Sonet transmission link, or the traffic is completely
congested on the link.
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Description
Alarm text: AIS (multiplexer section) on slot $S, port $P
Comments: The multiplexer section AIS (MS-AIS) is specified as all 1s in the
entire STM-1, excluding the STM-1 RSOH [G.707]. MS-AIS is asserted when a
111 binary pattern is detected in bits 6, 7 and 8 of K2 byte [G.783].
Instructions
Check if any other alarms concerning the fault are on. If this is the case, follow
the instructions of that alarm. If no other alarms on concerning the fault are on,
the problem is somewhere in the transmission network, and it should be
investigated. If the alarm is on only temporarily, no action is needed.
Cancelling
The system cancels the alarm automatically when the fault has been corrected.
14.5 61103 Remote defect indication for multiplexer section
Severity
Major
Fault reason
Remote defect indication (MS). This alarm occurs when the equipment at the far
end of a bidirectional multiplexer section connection has detected an error
condition on the signal that it is receiving from this node. The far end equipment
signals this remote defect in the signal that it transmits to this node.
Description
Alarm text: RDI (multiplexer section) on slot $S, port $P
Comments: When the bit 5 of G1 field is set to 1 [G.707].
Instructions
Check if any other alarms concerning the fault are on. If this is the case, follow
the instructions of that alarm. If no other alarms concerning the fault are on, the
problem is somewhere in the transmission network, and it should be investigated.
If the alarm is on only temporarily, no action is needed.
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Cancelling
The system cancels the alarm automatically when the fault has been corrected.
14.6 61104 Excessive bit error rate
Severity
Critical
Fault reason
Excessive bit error rate. The measured bit error rate exceeds the configured
threshold value (BER-3 or BER-6).
Probable cause: The signal level is too low, the receiver or transmitter has failed,
an item of other equipment has failed along the line.
Description
Alarm text: EBER on slot $S, port $P
Instructions
Check if any other alarms concerning the fault are on. If this is the case, follow
the instructions of that alarm. If no other alarms concerning the fault are on, the problem is somewhere in the transmission network, and it should be investigated.
If the alarm is on only temporarily, no action is needed.
Cancelling
The system cancels the alarm automatically when the fault has been corrected.
14.7 61105 Loss of pointer
Severity
Critical
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Fault reason
Loss of administrative unit pointer. This alarm occurs when SDH/Sonet interface
receives frames which have an incorrect AU (Administrative Unit) pointer. There
are disturbances in the traffic of the SDH/Sonet transmission link in question, or
the traffic has been completely prevented.
Description
Alarm text: LOP on slot $S, port $P
Instructions
Check if any other alarms concerning the fault are on. If this is the case, follow
the instructions of that alarm. If no other alarms concerning the fault are on, the
problem is somewhere in the transmission network, and it should be investigated.If the alarm is on only temporarily, no action is needed.
Cancelling
The system cancels the alarm automatically when the fault has been corrected.
14.8 61106 Alarm indication signal for administrativeunit
Severity
Major
Fault reason
Alarm indication signal (AU). The SDH/Sonet interface receives an AU-AIS
(administrative unit - alarm indication signal) signal. Frames with a faulty AU
pointer have been detected on the SDH/Sonet transmission link. There are
disturbances in the traffic of the SDH/Sonet transmission link in question, or the
traffic has been completely prevented.
Description
Alarm text: AIS (administrative unit) on slot $S, port $P
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Instructions
Check if any other alarms concerning the fault are on. If this is the case, follow
the instructions of that alarm. If no other alarms concerning the fault are on, the
problem is somewhere in the transmission network, and it should be investigated.
If the alarm is on only temporarily, no action is needed.
Cancelling
Do not cancel the alarm. The system cancels the alarm automatically when the
fault has been corrected.
14.9 61107 Path unequipped
Severity
Major
Fault reason
Higher order path unequipped. The path signal label byte (C2) and the path trace
byte (J1), and BIP-8 byte (B3) in the SDH/Sonet path overhead (POH) all have
the value zero. The path is unusable for the traffic transport.
Probable cause: The unequipped virtual container (VC) comes from a VC level
cross-connection node and the VC is not connected anywhere in that node.
Description
Alarm text: UNEQ on slot $S, port $P
Instructions
Check if any other alarms concerning the fault are on. If this is the case, follow
the instructions of that alarm. If no other alarms concerning the fault are on, the
problem is somewhere in the transmission network, and it should be investigated.
It can also be the case that the network element where the SDH/Sonet path isoriginating is not correctly configured. If the alarm is only temporarily on, no
action is needed.
Cancelling
The system cancels the alarm automatically when the fault has been corrected.
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14.10 61108 Path label mismatch
Severity
Major
Fault reason
Higher order path payload label mismatch. The SDH/Sonet interface receives
frames, which have a signal type identifier that does not correspond to the "ATM"
(Asynchronous Transfer Mode) signal.
Description
Alarm text: PLM on slot $S, port $P
Instructions
Ensure that the path payload label on the far end interface has been set to "ATM".
Check if any other alarms concerning the fault are on. If this is the case, follow
the instructions of that alarm. If no other alarms concerning the fault are on, the
problem is somewhere in the transmission network, and it should be investigated.
If the alarm is only temporarily on, no action is needed.
Cancelling
The system cancels the alarm automatically when the fault has been corrected.
14.11 61109 Remote defect indication for virtual container
Severity
Major
Fault reason
Remote defect indication (VC). This alarm occurs when the equipment at the far end of a bidirectional VC connection has detected an error condition on the signal
that it is receiving from this node. The far end equipment signals this remote
defect in the signal that it transmits to this node.
Description
Alarm text: RDI (virtual container) on slot $S, port $P
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Comments: The MS-RDI is used to return an indication to the transmit end that
the received end has detected an incoming section defect or is receiving MS-AIS.
MS-RDI is generated by inserting a 110 code in positions 6, 7 and 8 of the K2
byte before scrambling [G.707].
Instructions
Check if any other alarms concerning the fault are on. If this is the case, follow
the instructions of that alarm. If no other alarms concerning the fault are on, the
problem is somewhere in the transmission network, and it should be investigated.
If the alarm is only temporarily on, no action is needed.
Cancelling
The system cancels the alarm automatically when the fault has been corrected.
14.12 61110 Trace ID mismatch for virtual container
Severity
Major
Fault reason
Virtual container trace identifier mismatch. The incoming SDH/Sonet signal has a
different path trace identifier than expected. This should mean that the SDH/ Sonet path is not originating from the expected source. The traffic on that SDH/
Sonet path does not work.
Description
Alarm text: TIM (virtual container) on slot $S, port $P
Instructions
Check the incoming and expected path traces with the Nokia AXC Manager (J1).
If the expected trace is correct and it still differs from the incoming one there are problems with the configuration. Check that the SDH/Sonet fibres are connected
to the correct connectors. If those are connected correctly the problem is in the
trace configuration of the SDH/Sonet equipment from which the signal is
originating or there are configuration problems in the SDH/Sonet transmission
network.
Cancelling
The system cancels the alarm automatically when the fault has been corrected.
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15 Synchronisation alarms
15.1 61058 Primary timing source lost
Severity
Critical
Fault reason
Primary timing source lost. The first synchronisation source from the configured
priority list is unavailable. On failure the AXC switches automatically to the next
clock source in the priority list. When the primary timing source is available
again, the AXC switches back to it.
Description
Alarm text: Primary timing source lost
Instructions
Check if any other alarms concerning the fault are on. If this is the case, follow
the instructions of that alarm. If no other alarms concerning the fault are on, the
problem is somewhere in the transmission network, and it should be investigated.
Cancelling
The system cancels the alarm automatically when the fault has been corrected.
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16 T1 alarms
16.1 61028 Loss of frame
Severity
Critical
Fault reason
Loss of frame.
Probable cause: The interface type has not been properly configured.
Description
Alarm text: LOF on slot $S, port $P
Instructions
Check if the configured interface type matches the configured interface type of
the far end interface. If this is the case, the problem is somewhere in the
transmission network, and it should be investigated. If the alarm is on only
temporarily, no action is needed.
Cancelling
The system cancels the alarm automatically when the alarm has been corrected.
16.2 61029 Loss of signal
Severity
Critical
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Description
Alarm text: EBER on slot $S, port $P
Comments: Threshold alarms related to CRC-6 errors: configurable either to
BER-3 or BER-6.
Instructions
Check if any other alarms concerning the fault are on. If this is the case, follow
the instructions of that alarm. If no other alarms concerning the fault are on, the
problem is somewhere in the transmission network, and it should be investigated.
If the alarm is on only temporarily, no action is needed.
Cancelling
The system cancels the alarm automatically when the fault has been corrected.
16.4 61151 Alarm indication signal
Severity
Major
Fault reason
Alarm indication signal. Alarm signal is received, the received signal has no
framing and it is all ones.
Description
Alarm text: AIS on slot $S, port $P
Instructions
The signal is cut somewhere in the network and AIS replacement has taken place.
Follow the signal in the network to find out the place where AIS replacement has been done. This link is usually faulty or has configuration errors. Other alarms
may cause this alarm because of AIS switching in the receiving direction.
Cancelling
The system cancels the alarm automatically when the fault has been corrected.
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