b Als_series 2 05-11 Siae

ALS Series Dual Native IP/SDH/SPDH Microwave

Radio for Point-to-Point applications

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B.ALS_SERIES.2.05-11

SIAE MICROELETTRONICA S.p.A. Proprietary and Confidential. All rights reserved. The copyright of this document is the property of SIAE MICROELETTRONICA

S.p.A. No part of this document may be copied, reprinted or reproduced in any material form, whether wholly or in part, without the written consent of SIAE

MICROELETTRONICA S.p.A. Further, the contents of this document or the methods or techniques contained therein must not be disclosed to any person.

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GENERAL INDEX

ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................................................................................... 5

GENERAL INTRODUCTION ON ALS SERIES ................................................................................................................... 7

Applications ............................................................................................................................................................. 8

Product Range ......................................................................................................................................................... 9

IDUs application range ............................................................................................................................................ 9

ODUs application range ......................................................................................................................................... 10

IDU-ODU compatibility .......................................................................................................................................... 10

Main Features ........................................................................................................................................................ 11

NMS common Platform ......................................................................................................................................... 11

Outdoor Unit Characteristics ................................................................................................................................. 12

Indoor Unit characteristics .................................................................................................................................... 16

ALC IDU (PDH/ETH) ................................................................................................................................................ 18

ALplus IDU (PDH/ETH) ........................................................................................................................................... 20

ALS IDU (SDH/ETH) ............................................................................................................................................... 27

ALplus2 IDU (SPDH/SDH/ETH) ............................................................................................................................... 32

Adaptive Code Modulation (ACM) ............................................................................................................................ 32

General Concepts .................................................................................................................................................. 32

Traffic classification ............................................................................................................................................... 32

Link Quality measurement .................................................................................................................................... 33

Nodal Interconnections ......................................................................................................................................... 40

ETHERNET CHARACTERISTICS .................................................................................................................................... 42

Ethernet Frame mapping over Radio Link ............................................................................................................. 42

Ethernet Throughput ............................................................................................................................................. 42

Ethernet Interface characteristics ......................................................................................................................... 42

QoS management .................................................................................................................................................. 43

Ethernet Resiliency ................................................................................................................................................ 43

MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ............................................................................................................................................ 46

TMN Connection .................................................................................................................................................... 46

TMN Protocols ....................................................................................................................................................... 47

Management Functionalities ................................................................................................................................. 49

Management Software .......................................................................................................................................... 49

TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS .................................................................................................................................. 50

Physical Dimensions of system components ......................................................................................................... 50

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Weight ................................................................................................................................................................... 50

Power supply ......................................................................................................................................................... 51

Power Consumption .............................................................................................................................................. 51

Environmental conditions ..................................................................................................................................... 51

Frequently requested standards compliances (Note1) ................................................................................................. 52

APPENDIX 1: Adaptive Modulation details ................................................................................................................ 53

Appendix 2 : Ethernet Benchmark parameters. ........................................................................................................ 53

Latency .................................................................................................................................................................. 54

Throughput ............................................................................................................................................................ 58

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ABBREVIATIONS

ACM Adaptive Code Modulation

ATPC Automatic Transmission Power Control

BW Bandwidth

CAPEX Capital Expenditure

CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check

DCCr Data Communication Channel Regenerator

DCN Data Communication Network

DSCP Different Service Code Point

ETH` Ethernet

FEC Forward Error Corrector

IDU Indoor Unit

IP Internet Protocol

IPV4 – IPV6 Internet Protocol Version 4 and Version 6

IS-IS Intermediate system to intermediate system

LAN Local Area network

LCT Local Craft Terminal

MAC Media Access Control

MDI Medium Dependent Interface

MDIX Medium Dependent Interface Crossover

MPS Multiplex Section Protection

MSE Mean Square Error

MST Multiple Section Terminal

NE Network Element

NMS Network Management System

NML Network Manager

NMS5UX/LX SIAE MICROELETTRONICA Network Management System

ODU Outdoor Unit

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OSI Open System Interconnection

OSPF Open Shortest Path First

PDH Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy

QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

QoS Quality of Service

RU Rack Unit

SCT Subnetwork Craft Terminal

SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy

SNMP Simple Network Protocol Management

SPDH Super PDH

SW Software

TDM Time Division Multiplexing

TMN Telecommunication Management Network

ToS Type of Service

VLAN Virtual Local Area Network

WAN Wide Area Network

XPIC Cross Polar Interference Canceller

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GENERAL INTRODUCTION ON ALS SERIES

The PDH/SDH/Ethernet ALS MW Radio series is the ideal solution for a wide range of applications in both access networks and backbone provisioning. It is also a competitive alternative or complement solution to optical fiber networks in any application that requires:

Cost-effective, rapid deployment and modular implementation of a network

Terrain independent connectivity

The ALS Series provides scalable data rates from 4 to 500 Mbit/s per radio module with a single platform across the full range of licensed frequency bands.

A single shelf can manage up to 1 Gbit/s with 1RU version. A unique distributed processing architecture allows expanding the node capacity up to 8xGbit/s.

A wide range of tributary interfaces and system configurations offer maximum versatility in system engineering and network planning. Ethernet traffic is handled by a powerful integrated switch able to manage VLANs, QoS and ToS.

Modularity options, commonalities, and extensive software management capabilities result in cost-effectiveness and scalability, yielding a product that will easily fulfill any future requirement.

Full SW licensing approach allows very smooth migration from pure TDM to IP networks, with very low initial CAPEX.

The ALS equipment is managed by an SNMP agent using communication ports that are able to connect to IP and OSI DCNs. This greatly simplify integration efforts in existing NMS networks.

Several IDU models are available ranging from single board solutions to nodal implementations in which high capacities and complex protection schemes are required:

ALC IDU (Compact for PDH/Ethernet traffic)

ALCplus IDU (Compact for PDH/Ethernet traffic)

ALplus IDU (Modular for PDH/Ethernet traffic)

ALS-c IDU (Compact for SDH traffic)

ALS IDU (Modular for SDH/Ethernet traffic)

Figure 1 - ALS Series MW Radio

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ALCplus2 IDU and ALCplus2e IDU (Compact and Enhanced Compact for PDH, SDH and Ethernet traffic or a mix of them)

ALplus2 IDU (Modular, for PDH, SDH and Ethernet traffic or a mix of them)

Two ODU versions have been designed with the target of being at the same time compact, light and easy to

install/maintain and characterized by high performances:

AL ODU

AS ODU

Applications The ALS Series has been conceived and designed to cover a wide range of applications, such as:

2G and 3G / 4G / LTE Mobile Network Infrastructure

10/100/1000 Mbit/s Ethernet connections

WiMAX backhauling

LTE backhauling

Private data Networks (WANs, LANs, etc.)

Utility Networks (Railways, Pipelines, etc.)

Back-up transmission medium to Fibre Optic links

Spur Links for Backbones/Rings

Last Mile Fibre Extension

Leased Lines Replacement

High Capacity SDH/IP Radio Ring Deployment up to 4xSTM-1/800 Mbit/s

High Capacity Broadband Access Networks

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Product Range The ALS Series is available in all frequency bands from 6 GHz (6L and 6U) to 42 GHz (4GHz is available for PDH/ETH application), unduplicated or duplicated configuration and with throughput capacity from 4Mbit/s up to 500 Mbit/s per radio module, with mixed TDM and ETH interfaces.

The modulation scheme is software programmable from 4QAM to 256QAM for ALplus2 IDU, with full featured hitless ACM (Adaptive Code and Modulation). ALS exploits an innovative dual native radio engine capable of transmitting both native TDM (from 4xE1 up to 4xSTM-1) and native ETH (up to 1 Gbit/s).

In equipment configurations such as ALS IDU with 4xSTM-1 and 2xSTM-1 or ALCplus2e IDU, frequency re-use (co-channel operation) is available with the XPIC technology (Cross Polar Interference Canceller).

IDUs application range

Figure 2- IDUs application range1

1 Throughput in above figures are also referred to multishelves configurations, with traffic aggregation. Eg. Gbps capacity can be provided by one single LCplus2e IDU as well as by aggregating 2xALCplus2 IDUs. In the same way aggregating 2xALCplus2e IDUs, an aggregated 2.0 Gbps throughput is achieved.

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ODUs application range

Figure 3 - ODUs application range

IDU-ODU compatibility

AL ODU

AS/ASN ODU

Table 1 - IDU-ODU compatibility

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Main Features Scalable capacity, integrated XPIC functionality, high performance and reliability, ease of installation, common NMS platform and cost effectiveness make the ALS Series the proper network solution for a wide set of network applications.

Both electrical and optical interfaces are available on the same terminal radio equipment.

Adaptive Code and Modulation allows the automatic selection of the optimum modulation scheme according to current radio link propagation conditions and on received signal’s quality can be software enabled; on the basis of received signal quality calculations, the ALS Series can increase the system gain when needed, thus forwarding the high priority traffic in bad propagation conditions too. In addition, the introduction of heavily coded modulation schemes allows the system to perform in challenging environmental conditions.

With ACM and traffic classification, each traffic class is assigned with its minimum required QoS, allowing easy overbooking of existing radio link, without any impact on antenna sizes and infrastructure hardware.

ALCplus2 IDU with its state-of-art high speed ACM can compensate fading speed up to 40dB/s; this allows easy network planning in very bad environment condition characterized of deep fading conditions and with fast fading phenomena (e.g multiple path interference for lower frequency bands)

In addition, user configurable ACM profiles allow per-link optimization with the possibility to full customize adaptive modulation behavior.

Delay compensation allows jitter free modulation switchover.

NMS common Platform The ALS series is integrated into the SCT/LCT, NMS5LX and NMS5UX Network Management System platforms developed by SIAE MICROELETTRONICA, and capable of controlling and monitoring all equipment included in SIAE MICROELETTRONICA product catalogue.

As an alternative a WEB management (with embedded WEB server) is available as an installation-less management option.

All SIAE MICROELETTRONICA NMS solutions are based on standard protocols. SNMP Protocol is used for TMN connections with standard communication protocol stacks and industry-standard interfaces allowing equipment connection to any IP or OSI-based DCN.

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Outdoor Unit Characteristics The ODU has been designed with the target of being at the same time compact, light and easy to install/maintain and characterized by high performances.

ALS Series include two different ODU models:

AL ODU : a cost-effective solution, that supports 4/16/32QAM modulation schemes and all capacities from 4 Mbps to 106 Mbps

AS ODU

o Universal AS ODU supports all modulation schemes (4/8/16/32/64/128/256QAM) and all capacities from 8 Mbit/s to 500 Mbit/s. AS ODU doesn’t require any hardware change if configured for frequency reuse (independence from XPIC functionality), moreover It is compatible with ALL IDU models. This model provides up to 20 dB ATPC.

o Advanced AS ODU: includes all the characteristics and features of the AS Universal ODU. In installations where more than 15/30 m of waveguide is used, it is the recommended solution for modulations higher than 32QAM and 56/28 MHz channel usage. In addition RF loop is available. This model can also provide up to 40 dB ATPC.

Figure 4 - ODUs application range

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Figure 5 - AL ODU/AS Universal ODU and AS Advanced ODU

These modulation independent ODUs allow an “install-and-forget” approach for simple station upgrading.

Mechanical Layout

The same mounting kit type fits both ODU for an easily upgrade from AL to AS ODU.

Integrated antenna solutions

Figure 6 - AL ODU/AS Universal ODU with integral antenna in 1+0 and 1+1 confugurations

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Figure 7 - AS Advanced ODU with integral antenna in 1+0 and 1+1 configuration

Not integrated antenna solutions

Figure 8 - AL ODU/AS Universal ODU with not integrated antenna solution in 1+0 and 1+1 configurations

Figure 9 - AS Advanced ODU with not integrated antenna solution in 1+0 and 1+1 configurations

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ATPC Feature

Automatic Transmit Power Control (ATPC) is available as a standard feature in all configurations.

Power Control has two operational modes:

Fixed output power attenuation mode (ATPC disabled); the output power can be reduced up to 20 dB in 1

dB steps (40 dB in Advanced AS ODU).

ATPC mode: the ATPC algorithm adjusts the output power attenuation in order to reach a predefined Rx level at

the remote terminal.

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Indoor Unit characteristics

The ALS Series include several IDU models ranging from single board solutions to nodal implementations in which

high capacities and complex protection schemes are required.

Excellent reliability is always a key point.

All IDUs are frequency independent.

STM-1 interfaces are available also for SPDH configurations reducing installation cable count.

An MST expansion unit provides up to 126xE1 G.703 electrical ports, or nxE3 or FE/GE ports or a mix of the above.

Figure 8 shows the application ranges of these IDUs in terms of capacities and modulation schemes.

SIAE MICROELETTRONICA has developed several types of IDUs, ALC IDU, ALplus IDU and ALplus2 IDU for

transmitting PDH, SDH or Ethernet traffic or a mix of them.

Figure 10 - IDUs application range 1

IDUs have been designed with two different approaches, single board Compact IDU (1RU) and modular structure

IDU (1RU and 2RU for Nodal Version).

1 Throughput in above figures are also referred to multishelves configurations, with traffic aggregation. Eg. Gbps capacity can

be provided by one single ALCplus2e IDU as well as by aggregating 2xALCplus2 IDUs. In the same way aggregating 2xALCplus2e IDUs, an aggregated 2.0 Gbps throughput is achieved.

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The single board compact IDUs are provided with adjustable brackets on both sides. It allows an easy IDU

positioning into a rack in three different 30 mm steps as shown in the picture below. This simplifies the IDU

installation in street cabinet applications.

Figure 11 – Bracket on IDU compact version

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ALC IDU (PDH/ETH)

ALC IDU is the entry level solution for low and medium capacity with a 64 Mbps maximum throughput, 16xE1

TDM and 3xFE tributary interfaces.

Modulation

ALC IDU can be SW configured with any modulation scheme in the range from 4 to 16QAM and in all channel

bandwidth from 3.5 MHz to 28MHz.

Channel Spacing Hierarchical Structure

4QAM 16QAM

3.5 MHz 2xE1/4 Mbps 4xE1/8 Mbps

7.0 MHz 4xE1/8 Mbps 8xE1/16 Mbps

14 MHz 8xE1/16 Mbps 16xE1/34 Mbps

28 MHz 16xE1/34 Mbps 161xE1/64 Mbps

Table 2 - ALC IDU Modulation scheme

1 16xE1 physical interfaces available on the equipment. 32xE1TDM traffic available on radio frame.

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ALC IDU – 1RU Compact version

Figure 12 - ALC IDU – 16xE1 + 3xFE – (PDH/ETH)

1. TMN-access (ETH, USB-B, RS232)

2. ETH payload 10/100 RJ45 FE

3. nxE1 payload on SUB-D connectors (75/120 ohm depending on cabling)

4. Power supply

5. IDU-ODU cable interface

6. Alarm IN/OUT

IDU options

16xE1, providing sixteen E1s G.703 75/120 Ohm interfaces with SUB-D connectors.

16xE1, providing sixteen E1s G.703 75 Ohm interfaces with 1.0/2.3 coax connectors.

3xEthernet + 16xE1, providing three 10/100 BASE-T Ethernet/Fast Ethernet interfaces with RJ45

connectors and sixteen E1s G.703 75/120 Ohm interfaces with SUB-D connectors.


connectors and sixteen E1s G.703 75 Ohm interfaces with 1.0/2.3 coax connectors.

Protection Schemes

1+0

1+0 expandable to 1+1

1+1 hot stand-by, frequency and/or space diversity

2

1 6

3 4

5

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ALplus IDU (PDH/ETH)

AL IDU plus provides nxE1 payload through high density connectors.

Modulation

Modulation can be SW configured for any modulation scheme in the range from 4 to 32QAM.

Channel

Spacing

Hierarchical Structure Non-Hierarchical Structure

4QAM 16QAM 4QAM 16QAM 32QAM

3.5 MHz 2xE1/4 Mbps 4xE1/8 Mbps - 5xE1/10 Mbps -

7.0 MHz 4xE1/8 Mbps 8xE1/16 Mbps 5xE1/10 Mbps 10xE1/20 Mbps -

14 MHz 8xE1/16 Mbps 16xE1/34 Mbps 10xE1/20 Mbps 21xE1/42 Mbps -

28 MHz 16xE1/34 Mbps 32xE1/64 Mbps 21xE1/42 Mbps 42xE1/84 Mbps 53xE1/106 Mbps

Table 3 - AL IDU plus - Modulation scheme

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ALCplus IDU– 1RU Compact version

Figure 13 – ALCplus IDU - 32xE1 - (PDH/ETH)

1. Service channels



4. Alarm IN/OUT

5. nxE1 payload on SCSI connectors (75/120 ohm depending on cabling)

6. Power supply

7. ODU cable interface

IDU options


connectors and thirty-two E1s G.703 75/120 Ohm interfaces with SCSI connectors.

Protection Schemes

1+0



3

1

4 5

2

6 7

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ALplus IDU– 1RU Modular Version

1. Line Interface Module (LIM) which includes traffic interfaces and baseband signals processing.

2. Main Controller Unit (MCU) which includes the main system CPU and provides TMN access, IN/OUT Alarms, service and wayside channels interfaces for PDH traffic

3. Radio Interface Module (RIM) which includes the power supply unit and the cable interface for the connection to the Outdoor Unit (ODU).

Main Controller Unit (MCU)

Figure 15 – Alplus IDU - controller


2. Alarm IN/OUT

3. Service channels

Radio Interface Module (RIM)

Figure 16 - Alplus IDU – RIM


2. Power supply

1

2

3

1 2 1 3

1 2

Figure 14 - ALplus IDU (PDH/ETH)

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Line Interface Module (LIM)

Figure 17 - Alplus IDU - LIM - 32xE1

1. nxE1 payload on SCASI connectors

Figure 18- Alplus IDU LIM - 24xE1 + 4xFE8

1. nxE1 payload on SCSI connectors


LIM options

The following types of LIMs are available

PDH/Ethernet traffic capacities:

o LIM 32xE1, providing up to 32xE1 using four SCSI connectors with 75 or 120 Ohm impedance.

o LIM 4xEthernet + 24xE1, providing four 10/100 BASE-T Ethernet/Fast Ethernet interfaces with RJ45

connectors and twenty-four E1s G.703 75/120 Ohm interfaces using SCSI connectors.

Maximum Ethernet throughput is 100 Mbps per radio unit.

Protection Schemes

1+0



8 2

1

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ALplus IDU - 2RU Modular Version

Terminal Configuration

Figure 19 - Alplus IDU - 2RU 53xE1 SCSI Terminal

1. Main Controller Unit (MCU) which includes the main System CPU and provides TMN access, IN/OUT alarms, service and wayside channels interfaces as well as service data channels

2. Line interface Module (LIM) which includes traffic interfaces and baseband signals processing.

3. Cover

4. Radio interface Module (RIM) which includes the power supply unit and the cable interface for the connection to the Outdoor Unit (ODU). This unit can be duplicated to implement protected configurations.

Nodal Configuration

Figure 20 - Alplus IDU - 2 RU 16xE1 SCSI + 2xSTM-1 +1FE + 1GE + Expansion Bus - Modular Nodal/Drop Insert

1. Main Controller Unit (MCU) which includes the main System CPU and provides TMN access, IN/OUT alarms, service and wayside channels interfaces as well as service data channels

2. Radio processor

3. Nodal LIM

4. Radio interface Module (RIM) in protected configuration.

4

1

3

2

4

1

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Figure 21 - Alplus IDU LIM - 2RU 32xE1 SCSI - Modular Nodal/Drop Insert

Figure 22 - Alplus IDU LIM- 2RU 16xE1 SCSI + 2xSTM-1 - Modular Nodal/Drop Insert

Figure 23 - Alplus IDU LIM - 2RU 16xE1 + 2x-1 + 1xFE + 1xGE - Modular Nodal/Drop Insert


2. 2 MHz synchronization interfaces

3. Nodal Bus

4. STM-1 with SFP modules


6. GE payload with SFP module

LIM options

The following types of LIMs (Line Interface Modules) are available

PDH/Ethernet traffic capacities, Terminal Configurations:

o LIM 32xE1, providing up to 32xE1 using four SCSI connectors with 75 or 120 Ω impedance


1 2 3 4 1

1 3 4 6 5

1

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o 4xEthernet + 53xE1, providing four 10/100 BASE-T Ethernet/Fast Ethernet interfaces with RJ45

connectors and fifty-three E1s G.703 75/120 Ohm interfaces using SCSI connectors

PDH/Ethernet traffic capacities with embedded cross connection:


PDH/Ethernet traffic capacities, Nodal Configurations an Cross connection:

o LIM 16xE1 SCSI + 2xSTM-1(MSP or dual) + Expansion Bus

o LIM 16xE1 SCSI + 2xSTM-1(MSP or dual) + 1xFE + 1xGE (SFP electrical/optical) + Expansion Bus

Protection schemes and supported configurations

1+0/1+1 up to 53xE1/100 Mbps

Nx(1+0) Drop / Insert with N up to 4

2x(1+1) Drop / Insert

Nx(1+0) + Mx(1+1) Nodal connection with N +2xM ≤ 12

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ALS IDU (SDH/ETH)

ALS IDU provides SDH capacity up to 4xSTM-1 with electrical or optical interfaces and 1xE1 or 2xE1 WS service

channels depending on configuration.

It is also available with GE/FE/nxE1 interfaces and XPIC functionality in the modular version.

Modulation

ALS IDU modulation is SW configurable as 32/128QAM in 28/27.5/56 MHz channel BW.

Channel Spacing Hierarchical Structure

32QAM 128QAM

28 MHz - STM-1

56 MHz STM-1 2xSTM-1

Table 4 - ALS IDU - Modulation scheme

ALS-C IDU – 1RU Compact version

Figure 24 - ALS-C IDU - 2xSTM-1


2. Service channels

3. TMN-access (ETH, USB-B)

4. Alarm IN/OUT

5. Power supply

6. IDU-ODU cable interfaces

1 2 3 4 5 6

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IDU options

o 2xSTM-1 electrical G.703 interfaces using 1.0/2.3 coax connectors

o 2xSTM-1 using plug-in connectors (1.0/2.3 coax connector module for electrical interface or LC

connector module for optical interface)

Protection Schemes

1+0



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ALS IDU – 1RU Modular version

Figure 25 - ALS IDU



3. Radio Interface Module (RIM) which includes the power supply unit and the cable interface for the connection to the Outdoor Unit (ODU), XPIC functionality option.

Main Controller Unit (MCU)

Figure 26 - ALS IDU controller


2. Alarm IN/OUT


Without XPIC

Figure 27 - ALS IDU RIM without XPIC


2. Power supply

1

2

3

1 2 1

1 2

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With XPIC

Figure 28 - ALS IDU RIM with XPIC


2. Power supply

3. IF loop connectors for XPIC


Figure 29 - ALS IDU LIM - 4xSTM-1

1. STM-1 With SFP modules

2. Service channels

Figure 30 - ALS IDU LIM - 2xFE + 1xV11 + 1xGE + 8xE1


2. GE payload with SFP module

3. E1 payload on SCSI connectors (120/75 ohm)

4. Service channel

LIM options

LIM 2xSTM-1 electrical or optical, providing two STM-1 G.703 electrical ports or G.957 optical ports -

I1, S1.1, L1.1; the capacity can be set (via SW) to either STM-1 or 2xSTM-1

LIM 4xSTM-1 electrical or optical, providing four STM-1 G.703 electrical ports or G.957 optical ports -

I1, S1.1, L1.1; the capacity can be set (via SW) to either STM-1 or 4xSTM-1.

LIM Ethernet, providing 2x10/100 BASE-T (electrical) , 1xGE Base X (SFP) and 8xE1. Maximum

Ethernet throughput is 700 Mbps (with XPIC).

1 2 3

1 2

1 2 3 4

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ALS IDU - 2RU Modular Version (terminal configuration)

Figure 31 - ALS IDU - 4xSTM-1 plug-in

1. Cover



4. Radio Interface Module (RIM) which includes the power supply unit and the cable interface for the connection to the Outdoor Unit (ODU), XPIC functionality option.


LIMs models are the same as the ALS IDU 1RU version.

LIM options

LIM 2xSTM-1 electrical or optical, providing two STM-1 G.703 electrical ports or G.957 optical ports -

I1, S1.1, L1.1; the capacity can be set (via SW) to either STM-1 or 2xSTM-1

LIM 4xSTM-1 electrical or optical, providing four STM-1 G.703 electrical ports or G.957 optical ports -

I1, S1.1, L1.1; the capacity can be set (via SW) to either STM-1 or 4xSTM-1.

LIM Ethernet, providing 2x10/100 BASE-T (electrical) , 1xGE Base X (SFP) and 8xE1.

Maximum Ethernet throughput is 700 Mbps (with XPIC).

Protection Schemes

1+0


2x(1+0)

2x(1+1)

2x(1+1) with XPIC

1

2

3

4

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ALplus2 IDU (SPDH/SDH/ETH) ALplus2 IDU is based on a dual engine solution providing up to 400 Mbps capacity per radio direction . Adaptive

Code Modulation, higher spectrum efficiency and embedded TDM full cross-connect are the main plus points.

Adaptive Code Modulation (ACM)

General Concepts A radio communication system should be designed with a nominal received level well above its threshold, this

allows withstanding received signal reduction in bad weather conditions.

This procedure has a drawback: when propagation conditions are favourable the system could support higher

data traffic but it cannot increase its throughput unless it changes its modulation scheme.

SIAE MICROELETTRONICA radio systems gives this possibility through Adaptive modulation, please refer to

Appendix 1 for more details.

Traffic classification The adaptive modulation entails a change in the available bandwidth with regard to the modulation scheme that

is used and as a consequence, moving from higher modulation downward, the decreasing of the traffic capacity.

The possibility to classify the traffic allows to decide what traffic to transport according to the available

bandwidth. For example if the modulation is reduced from 128QAM to 4QAM all traffic exceeding 4QAM

capacity cannot be carried anymore.

SIAE MICROELETTRONICA solutions have four output queues –through which up to 8 priority classed can be

managed– with user configurable quality management.

SIAE MICROELETTRONICA implementation manages TDM and ETH traffic in different ways:

E1 ports are manually configured for being high or low priority.

ETH packets are usually classified according to 802.1p layer 2 tag, SIAE MICROELETTRONICA systems are

also able to classify them, according to IP TOS or IPV6 TC.

This allows real time traffic to be always transmitted.

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Link Quality measurement In order to trigger a modulation change some switching criteria must be implemented. SIAE MICROELETTRONICA

solutions are based on MSE measurements that allow the system to react to any source of degradation, well

before errors are detected by the FEC

It involves one direction at a time and the process is completely jitter and error free for surviving traffic.

SIAE MICROELETTRONICA implements MSE based Adaptive Modulation in all channel bandwidths. 8 ACM profiles

are provided, each one can be selected by SW in order to build a user configured Adaptive Modulation Profile.

Figure 32 - ALplus2 ACM profiles

Table 5 - Packet Data Radio System

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Keeps on monitoring the MSE parameter, when it falls below a user-configurable limit a modulation switch

request is transmitted backward.

Capacity will be automatically adjusted according to the table 5.

ALplus2 Series can be configured for all channel bandwidths from 7 to 56 MHz and all modulations in the range

from 4QAM up to 256QAM.

Channel

Width

Packet IDU – Typical Ethernet throughput for 64 bytes frame (including Header Optimisation) Mbit/s

4QAM

“Strong” 4QAM 8 QAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM

7 MHz 10 12 1 18 25 30 38 s 42 50

14 MHz 20 25 37 50 60 75 85 100

28 MHz 40 50 75 100 120 145 170 200

40 MHz 58 70 102 138 165 203 240 280

56 MHz 80 100 150 200 240 290 340 400

Table 6 - Typical Ethernet throughput

1 This is the default configuration. Maximum modulation upgrading and channel bandwidth expansion can be

achieved through simple license file download.

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ALCplus2 IDU – 1RU Compact version

ALCplus2 is available with a wide range of interface options, from 4xFE/GE Sync/Async to 4xFE/GE Sync/Async +

(2+32)xE1 + 2xSTM-1 (MSP).

It supports Synchronous Ethernet with mixed TDM/ETH synchronism distribution.

Figure 33 - ALCplus2 IDU - 18xE1 + 4xGE + 2xSTM-1 + Nodal Bus

Figure 34 - ALCplus2 IDU - 34xE1 + 4xGE + 2xSTM-1


2. ETH payload 10/100/1000 RJ45 FE/GE

3. STM-1 payload With SFP modules

4. 2xE1 payload

o Traffic

o Sync Input/Output (G703/ 2 MHz clock or HDB3 AIS)

o Traffic + EOC (G704 framing)

5. CAT6 proprietary expansion Bus Traffic

6. nxE1 payload on SCSI connectors (120/75 ohm)

7. Power Supply

8. ETH payload with optical GE SFP modules

9. Alarm IN/OUT

10. IDU-ODU cables interfaces

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1 9 8 10

8 1 9 10

1 2 3 4 6 7

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IDU options

o 4xFE/GE Sync/Async + 2xE1

o 4xFE/GE Sync/Async + 2xE1 + 16xE1

o 4xFE/GE Sync/Async + 2xE1 + 16xE1 + 2xSTM-1(1+1 MSP) + Nodal Bus

o 4xFE/GE Sync/Async + 2xE1 + 32xE1 + 2xSTM-1(1+1 MSP)

Protection Schemes



ALCplus2e IDU – 1RU Compact version ALCplus2e is an evolution of the ALCplus2 providing all above described solution with some major upgraded features to be underlined, as following:

500 Mbit/s capacity per radio direction

1 Gbit/s total throughput capacity managed by a single equipment

2+0 configuration as well as 2+0 XPIC, both available in 1RU shelf

Advanced Ethernet /IP features

ALCplus2e is available in two HW configurations. The mechanical layout is the same as ALCplus2.

ALCplus2e is in link backward compatible with ALCplus2 version.

IDU options 4xFE/GE Sync/Async +2xE1

4xFE/GE Sync/Async +16xE1+2xE1+2xSTM-1+Nodal bus

4xFE/GE Sync/Async +32xE1+2xE1+2xSTM-1

Protection Schemes

XPIC (2x(1+0) (co-channel)

2x(1+0)

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1x(1+1), HSB, 1x(1+1) FD/FSD (up to 18 MHz), SD

1x(1+0)

In addition to the some Traffic Management features have been improved:

EVPN profiling

o Bandwidth limiting per VLAN o Bandwidth limiting per priority. o Frame fragmentation o VLAN rewriting

TDM redundancy on selected E1s

WRED or Hard limiting.

Hard limiting or WRED algorhythm (software selectable)

Enhanced Ethernet prioritization based on MPLS “Exp bits”

Selective QinQ based on VLAN and 802.1p priority

VLAN rewriting (Radio side)

8 queues Ethernet scheduler towards radio interface

Layer 2 and layer 1 link aggregation.

M-STP (Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol) support up to 4 instances

Selective RMON on VLAN basis

G.8264 (“Distribution of timing information through packet networks ”) support

Note: These functionalities are available if both terminal of the link are with ALCplu2e.

Regardless to the configuration options, in the following table is summarized the limits applied for the different

HW versions:

IDU type Permanent TDM traffic Extra TDM traffic Total

ALCplus2 IDU max. 60 max. 21 80

ALCplus2e IDU XPIC max. 2x80 max. 2x2 164

ALCplus2e IDU 2x(1+0) max. 2x80 max. 2x21 164

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ALplus2 IDU – 1RU Modular Version

Figure 35 - ALplus2 IDU



3. Radio Interface Module (RIM) which includes the power supply unit and the cable interface for the connection to the Outdoor Unit (ODU)

Controller

Figure 36 - ALplus2 IDU controller


2. Alarm IN/OUT

3. Service channels


Figure 37 - ALplus2 IDU RIM 1. IDU-ODU cable interface

2. Power supply

1 3

2

1 2 1 3

1 2

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Figure 38 - ALplus2 IDU LIM – 2xTSM-1 +3xFE/GE +16E1

1. ETH payload : 2x 10/100/1000 BaseT + 2x 1000 BaseX (3 x active LANs)



LIM option

LIM 2xSTM-1 (MSP) electrical or optical, providing two STM-1 G.703 electrical ports or G.957 optical

ports - I1, S1.1, L1.1(MSP Protection) + 1FE/GE (Electrical) + 1FE/GE (Optical) + 1FE/GE (Electrical or

Optical) + 16xE1

Maximum Ethernet throughput is 400 Mbps per radio unit (up to 800 Mbps per IDU).

Protection Schemes



2x(1+0)

1 2 3

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Nodal Interconnections SIAE MICROELETTRONICA Implements proprietary IDUs interconnection using standard CAT6 cables with RJ-45

shielded connectors. This serial high speed connection carries proprietary frames in an MSP like protected

configuration and capacity up to 1.3 Gbit/s.

Nodal Interconnections in ALplus IDU The approach proposed by SIAE MICROELETTRONICA in order to manage a nodal site is based on a scalable

configuration that, starting from one IDU capable of handling up to four independent directions, allows the

interconnection of up to three IDUs (through two bi-directional 300 Mbit/s high speed busses).

The maximum number of directions that can be managed in a nodal site is twelve.

In a Nodal Station the cross-connection function is distributed over up to three different switching units (one for

each IDU), being each one capable to manage up to four directions. This implies that in case of a cross connect

failure, there is no loss of traffic relevant to directions other then directly connected to that IDU.

The following picture shows a Nodal site.

Figure 39 – Alplus IDU 2RU - Nodal configuration

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Nodal Interconnections in ALCplus2 or ALCplus2e IDUs (N-concept)

SIAE MICROELETTRONICA Implements proprietary IDUs interconnection using standard CAT6 cables with RJ-45

shielded connectors. This serial high speed connection carries proprietary frames in an MSP like protected

configuration and capacity up to 1.3 Gbit/s.

ALCplus2 IDU implements an innovative distributed switch architecture that allows simple node expansion

through shelves stacking, with a dramatic reduction in initial CAPEX.

Depending on traffic requirements, units can be daisy chained by a CAT6 proprietary expansion bus for TDM

applications (BUS capacity 126E1) and/or by a standard GE connection for Ethernet applications.

Nx2FE/GE + NxSTM-1 + Nx16E1 N=1….8

Figure 40 - ALCplus2e - Nodal configuration

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ETHERNET CHARACTERISTICS

Ethernet Frame mapping over Radio Link When equipped with Ethernet Interfaces, the ALS Series transfers Ethernet packets directly onto the radio link.

SIAE MICROELETTRONICA ALS maps Ethernet straight into the radio frames (Native IP), this approach provides a

point-to-point unacknowledged connectionless service over the radio channel. A CRC is added to prevent wrong

packets being forwarded.

Ethernet Throughput The ALS Series provides full-duplex Ethernet throughput ranging from 4 up to 500 Mbps per radio channel. It is

possible to associate a given bandwidth to a single Ethernet port. It can be assigned in fixed steps up to full wire

speed.

Please refer to Appendix 2 for Throughput and Latency details.

Ethernet Interface characteristics The ALS Series implements a multi-port store-and-forward Layer 2 Switch. The embedded Switch supports the

following Layer 2 functionalities:

MAC switching

MAC Address learning and aging

Auto negotiation

MDI/MDIX crossover

Automatic MDI/MDIX crossover is supported; it allows NIC-to-SWITCH and SWITCH-to-SWITCH

connection regardless of cable type (straight-through or crossover).

Layer 2 Flow Control / Back Pressure

SIAE MICROELETTRONICA implements flow control based on IEEE 802.3x (full-duplex operation) and Back

Pressure (half-duplex operation) to prevent packet loss during traffic peak.

IEEE 802.1q VLANs and VLAN stacking (Q in Q)

Quality of Service

ITU-T Y.1731 ETH OAM / IEEE 802.1ag

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QoS management QoS refers to the ability of a network device to provide improved services to selected network traffic over various

underlying technologies, including Ethernet and wireless LANs. In particular, QoS feature provides an improved

and more predictable network services, as follows:

Improving loss characteristics

Avoiding and managing network congestion

Prioritizing services to different kinds of network traffic

Setting traffic priorities across the network

QoS is implemented in SIAE MICROELETTRONICA products in a multilevel approach:

VLAN per port

Level 2 VLAN identifiers (802.1Q)

Level 2 priority bits (802.1P QoS)

Level 3 priorities IPv4 (ToS or DSCP) or IPv6 (TC)

Ethernet Resiliency LLF - Link Loss Forwarding -

PIRL - Peak Input Rate Limiting - In order to control the traffic flows incoming the equipment and thus the

network, this access limitation/control policies is introduced with a “leaky bucket architecture”

RSTP - Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol - is a link layer network protocol that ensures a loop-free topology for any

bridged LAN. Thus, the basic function of STP is to prevent bridge loops and ensuing broadcast radiation.

ELP - Ethernet Link Protection - ELP is used to protect the network from Ethernet link failures in various network

topologies and application

LAG - Link Aggregation – is a recommendation (802.1AX-2008 or 802.3ad) designed for using multiple media in

parallel to increase the link speed beyond the limits of any one single medium and increase the redundancy

for higher availability

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Link_layer

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_protocol

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_topology

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridging_(networking)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_area_network

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridge_loop

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcast_radiation

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Level 2 priorities:

Priority queues are introduced on switches output ports. 802.1p describes 8 priority levels, mapped onto 4

output queues.

A typical mapping scheme is shown below.

802.1p priority levels Traffic type Used queue

0 Best Effort 0

1 Background

2 NOT DEFINED 1

3 Excellent Effort

4 Controlled Load 2

5 Video ( latency 100 mS )

6 Voice ( latency 10 mS ) 3

7 Network Control

Table 7

Two scheduling algorithms are available in SIAE MICROELETTRONICA equipment: strict priority or weighted

scheduling WFQ (SW selectable).

Strict priority means that Higher priority queues are emptied first

Weighted scheduling (WFQ) means that queues are served proportionally to their weights (1-2-4-8).

Mixed Strict priority and WFQ (Alplus2)

IEEE 802.1Q VLANs

Virtual LAN (VLAN) support is the ability to logically break a LAN into a few smaller LANs and prevent data from

flowing between the sub-LANs.

This is a key performance used to:

Share the same physical carrier among different users that require maintaining a complete logical

network independency.

Micro segment the LAN in a scalable way

Distribute traffic load

Relocate servers into secure locations

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Better control the broadcast messages

VLANs can be activated in three different ways:

Based on Port. A packet belongs to a particular VLAN, depending on the local port ID. This means that each packet received on a specific port will be forwarded only to the ports belonging to the same VLAN.

Based on IEEE 802.1Q TAG. A packet belongs to a particular VLAN, depending on its VLAN ID, defined by the VID (VLAN Identifier) TAG content.

Hybrid. It is a mix of previous ones. Locally configured tagged frames are managed according IEEE 802.1Q TAG, all others follow port rules.

SIAE MICROELETTRONICA equipment can also be configured to add a VLAN tag (VD and user priority) to untagged traffic.

VLAN stacking (QinQ) SIAE MICROELETTRONICA products support VLAN stacking (QinQ). This means that if input traffic is 802.1Q compliant, i.e. VLANs are implemented, it is possible to create other VLAN inserting 4 additional bytes in Ethernet header for routing and QoS purposes.

VLAN staking (also named QinQ) is a feature that allows an Ethernet frame to include more than one IEEE 802.1Q TAG. The scope of VLAN staking is to differentiate the traffic at different levels when the packets must cross networks managed by different entities.

As an example, it can be considered the case of a WAN connection provided by a Service Provider to a company to connect some remote offices to a headquarter. The packets on the company LAN can be tagged on the basis of the rules stated by the Company’s Network Administrator. However, The Service Provider could also need to TAG the traffic in order to carry it independently from the traffic of other companies. Moreover, when a packet leaves the remote office to enter the WAN connection, the Service Provider will add a second TAG to the packet with an ID that identifies the customer. In this way the first TAG (with the company ID) still remain on the packet, but it is not used to route it on the Service Provider Network. Finally, when this packet has reached the Main Site, the Service Provider TAG is dropped and the WAN connection can be fully transparent.

SIAE MICROELETTRONICA radio systems supports the VLAN staking. Once a packet enters into the radio, it is possible to add a new IEEE 802.1Q TAG with an ID depending from the port.

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MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

TMN Connection The ALS Series provides several communication ports for TMN connections. These ports can be used for:

connection to other equipment

connection to TMN’s DCN

direct connection to SIAE MICROELETTRONICA’s Element Manager

Depending on equipment configuration, the following TMN ports are available:

2x Ethernet 10baseT (one on ALC, ALCplus2 and ALCplus2e IDUs)

one RS-232 (V.28) (available on ALC, ALplus and ALS IDU)

USB

In addition to the TMN ports listed above, the ALS Series provides other TMN connections depending on IDU model:

ALC/ AL-ALCplus IDU

o EOC, embedded in the radio frame, can be used as communication port

o Transmission of supervisory information on “in-band” channels using a 64 kbit/s timeslot of an E1 G704 tributary interface. The bit-rate over the E1 port can be software selected as Nx16kbit/s.

ALS IDU

o Transmission of supervisory information embedded in the STM-1 frame using the DCCR bytes.

ALSplus2 IDU

o TMN and main traffic can coexist on same ports (In band management).

Supervisory information can be terminated by other equipment or, thanks to the standard mapping, by an external router.

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TMN Protocols The ALS Series allows local and remote management thanks to an embedded SNMP agent. All ports previously described can be logically connected through two protocol stack versions:

Full IP protocol stack

OSI+IP protocol stack.

Routing among communication ports can be configured as “static routing” or based on OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) in case of full-IP stack, and IS-IS in case of OSI+IP option. When implementing the OSI+IP stack, layers 1 to 3 are compliant with recommendations ITU-T Q.811, Q.812 and G.784. The implementation of standard communication protocol stacks in conjunction with industry-standard interfaces (as depicted in the following figures) enables equipment connection to any IP or OSI based DCN.

Figure 41 – Full IP Protocol Stack for ALS System (SDH-ETH)

Figure 42 – OSI+IP Protocol Stack for ALS System (SDH-ETH)

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* Not available on ALC IDU

Figure 43 - Full IP Protocol Stack for PDH/SPDH/ETH systems

* Not available on ALC IDU

Figure 44 – OSI + IP Protocol Stack for PDH/SPDH/ETH systems

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Management Functionalities The management functionalities implemented at NE level are:

Fault management (alarms, events, date, time, severity, etc.)

Configuration and test Management (i.e. configuration of ALS parameters, set-up of loop-backs, manual forcing of 1+1 switches, mapping of relay alarms and user inputs, etc.)

Software management (i.e. software release management and software download)

Performance management and monitoring relevant to G.828 parameters.

Security Management (i.e. Network Element multi-level access according to Operator’s rights)

Management Software In order to satisfy the requirements of local and centralized management, SIAE MICROELETTRONICA has developed the following software/platforms/systems:

LCT (Local Craft Terminal) for maintenance and line-up activities (MS Windows® OS)

SCT (Subnetwork Craft Terminal) for centralized management of up to 100 Network Elements - NEs (MS Windows® OS)

NMS5-LX (Element Manager) for centralized management of medium networks with up to 1000 Network Elements per server (Linux OS)

NMS5-UX (Element Manager) for centralized management of large networks with up to 10000 Network Elements per server (HP Unix OS)

Web LCT for maintenance and line-up activities (MS Windows® OS & Adobe flash) accessible via Browser

For a more detailed description of SIAE MICROELETTRONICA supervision software platforms, please refer to the specific product literature.

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TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Physical Dimensions of system components

System Version Width (mm) Height (mm) Depth (mm)

AL ODU 1+0 254 254 114

AL ODU 1+1 278 254 296

AS ODU 1+0 254 254 154

AS ODU 1+1 358 254 296

Compact IDU 1RU 480 45 190

Modular IDU 1RU 480 45 270

Modular IDU 2RU 480 90 270

Weight

System Version Weight(Kg)

AL ODU (1+0) 4,5

AL ODU (1+1) 13,3

AS ODU (1+0) 5,5

AS ODU (1+1) 15,3

Compact IDU 1RU (1+0/(1+1) 2,3 to 3,5

Modular IDU 1RU (1+0)/(1+1) 3,5 to 5.5

Modular IDU 2RU (1+0)/(1+1) 5,3 to 7

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Power supply

AL ODURange

-40.8 -57.6 Vdc

According to ETSI EN300132-2

Power Consumption

AL ODU Compact IDU Modular IDU 1RU

1+0 Radio Terminal ≤ 31 Watts ( f 15GHz )

≤ 24 Watts( f > 15GHz )

≤ 35 Watts( f 15GHz )

≤30 Watts( f > 15GHz )

1+1 Radio Terminal ≤ 51 Watts ( f 15GHz )

≤ 40 Watts( f > 15GHz )

≤ 60 Watts( f 15GHz )

≤ 49 Watts( f > 15GHz )

AS ODU

Universal/Advanced

Compact IDU Modular IDU 1RU

ALC/ALplus IDU ALS IDU ALCplus2 IDU AL IDU ALS IDU ALplus2 IDU

1+0 Radio Terminal ≤ 35 ≤ 45 ≤ 60 ≤ 40 ≤ 45 <70

1+1 Radio Terminal ≤ 60 - ≤ 90 ≤ 70 ≤ 80 <100

Environmental conditions

Environmental Conditions Range

Operational range for IDU -5° C +50° C

Operational humidity for IDU up to 95% not condensing

Protection Class for ODU IP65

Wind load 200 km/h

Surge and lightning protection according to ETSI EN 301 489

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Frequently requested standards compliances (Note1) EN 300 132-2 Power supply interface at the input to telecommunications equipment

EN 300 019 Environmental conditions and environmental tests for telecommunications equipment (Operation: class 3.2 for IDU and class 4.1 for ODU; storage: class 1.2; transport: class 2.3)

EN 301 390 Fixed Radio Systems; Point-to-point and Point-to-Multipoint Systems; Spurious

emissions and receiver immunity at equipment/antenna port of Digital Fixed Radio

System

EN 302 217 Characteristics and requirements for point-to-point equipment and antenna

EN 301 489 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for radio equipment and services

EN 60950 Information Technology Equipment – Safety

ITU-R ITU Recommendations for all frequency bands

ITU-R F.1191 Bandwidths and unwanted emissions of digital fixed service systems

CEPT CEPT Recommendations for all frequency bands

IEE 802 802.1ag (Connectivity Fault Management), 802.1p (QoS), 802.1Q (VLAN), 802.1W

(RSTP), 802.3ad-2008 (link aggregation), 802.3i (10BASE-T), 802.3u (100BASE-TX/FX),

802.3x (Flow control), 802.3ab (1000 BASE-T), 802.3z (1000BASE LX/SX)

IEE 1588-2008 Standard for a Precision Clock Synchronization Protocol for Networked Measurement and Control Systems

ITU-T 1731 Ethernet OAM fault management

ITU-T G.703 Physical/electrical characteristics of hierarchical levels

ITU-T G704 Characteristics of 1544 and 2048 Kbit/s hierarchical levels

ITU-T G.742 Second order digital multiplex equipment operating at 8449 Kbit/s and using positive

justification

ITU-T G.783 Characteristics of synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) equipment digital block

ITU-T G.823 The control of jitter and wander within digital networks which are based on the 2048

Kbit/s hierarchy

ITU-T G.825 The control of jitter and wander within digital networks which are based on the

synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH)

ITU-T G.957 Optical Interfaces for equipment and system relating to the synchronous digital

hierarchy

ITU-T G.8261 Timing and Synchronization Aspects in Packet Networks

ITU-T G.8262 Characteristics of synchronous Ethernet Equipment slave Clock

ITU-T G.8264 Distribution of timing through packet networks

Note1: where applicable

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APPENDIX 1: Adaptive Modulation details In order to better understand how Adaptive Modulation operates, we should recall some information from

signals theory:

BER) specified(at density spectral bit/Noiseper Energy 0

figure noiseReceiver

rateBit

10BERat field Received

0)(10114

3

3

3

3

10

3

10

10

1010

N

Eb

NF

Br

Ps

N

EbNFBrLOGPs

-

We can discover that minimum received signal, able to guarantee certain performances (BER), depends on some

fixed figures, such as required bit rate (Br) and demodulator implementation

If a receiver is working at such a level that cannot allow the required quality, alternative methods can be

implemented.

Increasing TX power on remote terminal. This can obviously be done, if transmitter is not jet emitting its

maximum power.

Reducing user bit rate

Changing modulation scheme and FEC redundancy

SIAE MICROELETTRONICA implementation does all the above with its ALplus2 .

In addition, SIAE MICROELETTRONICA maintains channel width constant, with no effect on other links, without

any need to reconfigure the entire network.

Appendix 2 : Ethernet Benchmark parameters. All parameters are measured according to RFC2544 - Benchmarking Methodology for Network Interconnect Dev.

SIAE MICROELETTRONICA Native ETH solutions remove ETH packet Header. It makes ETH parameters MTU

dependant.

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Latency According to paragraph 26.2 of RFC2544, objective of this test is:

To determine the latency as defined in RFC 1242.

Latency is capacity dependent, therefore in the following tables different latency parameters will be specified for

each configuration.

Please note that, according to RFC2544, the latency is measured Last in First out (LIFO). The effective link delay

will be this value plus packet transfer time over physical ETH interfaces.

ALplus (PDH/ETH)

Typical Latency [ms]

Modulation Capacity

[Mbps]

RF Channel Width [MHz] Frame size

64 512 1024 1518 2047

4QAM 5x2 7 0.133 0.523 0.960 1.385 1.84

10x2 14 0.078 0.287 0.530 0.757 1.0

21x2 28 0.059 0.178 0.314 0.445 0.586

16QAM 5x2 3.5 0.187 0.572 1.015 1.437 1.89

10x2 7 0.102 0.315 0.555 0.784 1.03

21x2 14 0.082 0.202 0.336 0.468 0.61

42x2 28 0.038 0.127 0.216 0.301 0.393

32QAM 53x2 28 0.345 0.420 0.5 0.58 0.666

http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1242.html

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ALS (SDH/ETH) ALS IDU can be configured as BRIDGE or SWITCH. Latency depends on this configuration .

ALS as switch


Modulation Capacity RF Channel Width

[MHz]

Frame size

64 512 1024 1518 1522

32QAM STM-1 28 288 324 365 404 405

2xSTM-1 56 279 299 321 343 344

128QAM STM-1 28 342 377 418 457 458

2xSTM-1 56 249 272 299 325 326

2xSTM-1 XPIC 28 280 299 322 343 343

4xSTM-1 XPIC 56 248 265 284 303 303

ALS as bridge

Typical Latency [μs] (Note1)

Modulation Capacity RF Channel Width

[MHz]

Frame size

64 512 1024 1518 12000

128QAM STM-1 28 262 287 315 342 921

4xSTM-1 56 184 190 197 204 349

1 Store & Forward measurement method

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ALplus2 (SPDH/SDH/ETH) ALplus2 implements 8 ACM profiles with all Channel BW. Please refer to “Adaptive Modulation” paragraph for

ACM details.


64 bytes MTU Physical Mode

Channel width (MHz) 4QAM Strong

4QAM 8 QAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM

7 1.042 0.844 0.627 0.477 0.401 0.477 0.52 0.507

14 0.954 0.8 0.575 0.418 0.345 0.439 0.458 0.444

28 0.475 0.406 0.274 0.214 0.176 0.227 0.237 0.231

56 0.241 0.207 0.14 0.112 0.094 0.125 0.126 0.121





7 1.522 1.233 0.913 0.67 0.573 0.607 0.642 0.608

14 1.186 0.995 0.719 0.518 0.428 0.51 0.523 0.499

28 0.595 0.508 0.347 0.271 0.224 0.265 0.272 0.265

56 0.304 0.261 0.181 0.144 0.122 0.152 0.147 0.14





7 2.09 1.693 1.229 0.895 0.756 0.768 0.774 0.726

14 1.462 1.226 0.882 0.639 0.518 0.59 0.594 0.557

28 0.735 0.628 0.426 0.334 0.276 0.311 0.312 0.298

56 0.377 0.324 0.226 0.179 0.154 0.178 0.172 0.162

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7 2,609 2,113 1,541 1,115 0,938 0,908 0,914 0,845

14 1,715 1,439 1,044 0,757 0,618 0,669 0,663 0,623

28 0,867 0,74 0,508 0,395 0,326 0,356 0,351 0,333

56 0,447 0,384 0,27 0,214 0,185 0,205 0,196 0,183





7 11.684 9.465 6.974 4.755 4.214 3.35 3.222 2.761

14 6.104 5.12 3.557 2.634 2.176 2.02 1.907 1.656

28 3.136 2.677 1.881 1.483 1.235 1.067 1.003 0.982

56 1.651 1.418 1.052 0.83 0.697 0.71 0.601 0.549

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Throughput Throughput is defined according to paragraph 26.1 of RFC2544.

Throughput is configuration and capacity dependent, so in the following tables a different throughput parameter

will be specified for each configuration.

Please note that effective throughput depends also on MTU size.

ALplus

Typical Throughput [Mbps]

Modulation Capacity

[Mbps]

RF Channel Width

[MHz]

Frame size

64 512 1024 1518 2047

4QAM 5x2 7 11.50 10 10 10 10

10x2 14 23.50 20.50 20.50 20.50 20.50

21x2 28 50 43.50 43 43 43

16QAM 5x2 3.5 11.50 10 10 10 10

10x2 7 23.50 20.50 20.50 20.50 20.50

21x2 14 50 43.50 43 43 43

42x2 28 100 87.50 86.50 86.50 86

32QAM 53x2 28 100 100 100 100 100

ALS

Typical Throughput [Mbps]

Modulation Capacity Configuration Frame size

64 512 1024 1518

32QAM STM-1 (1+0), (1+1) 168 153 146 146

2xSTM-1 2x(1+0), 2x(1+1) 338 309 294 292

128QAM STM-1 (1+0), (1+1) 168 153 146 146

2xSTM-1 (1+0), (1+1), 338 309 294 292

2xSTM-1 2x(1+0) 338 309 294 292

4xSTM-1 2x(1+0), 2x(1+1) 676 617 588 584

ALS Series

Brochure

Document Number





Page

59 of 61

ALplus2

Typical Radio Throughput at point X/X' for E1 input traffic [E1]

Channel width 4QAM Strong


7 MHz 4 5 7 10 12 15 17 20

14 MHz 8 10 14 20 25 30 35 40

28 MHz 17 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

56 MHz 34 40 60 80 80 80 80 80

Typical Radio Throughput at point X/X' for Ethernet 64 bytes input traffic [Mbps]

Channel width 4QAM

Strong


7 MHz 10 12 17 24 29 36 41 48

14 MHz 20 24 34 48 60 71 83 98

28 MHz 41 49 73 97 121 145 169 198

56 MHz 82 96 143 193 235 280 333 396




7 MHz 9 12 16 23 27 34 38 45

14 MHz 19 23 31 44 56 67 78 91

28 MHz 39 45 68 90 113 135 157 184

56 MHz 77 89 133 179 218 260 310 370




7 MHz 9 11 15 22 26 33 37 43

14 MHz 18 22 30 43 54 64 75 88

28 MHz 37 44 65 87 108 130 151 177

56 MHz 74 86 128 172 210 250 297 355

ALS Series

Brochure

Document Number





Page

60 of 61




7 MHz 9 11 15 21 26 32 36 42

14 MHz 18 21 30 42 53 63 73 86

28 MHz 36 43 64 85 106 127 148 174

56 MHz 72 84 125 168 205 244 291 348

Radio Throughput at point X/X' for Ethernet 1024 bytes input traffic [Mbps]



7 MHz 9 11 15 21 25 31 35 41

14 MHz 18 21 29 41 52 62 72 84

28 MHz 36 42 63 83 104 125 145 171

56 MHz 71 83 124 166 203 241 288 343

Radio Throughput at point X/X' for Ethernet 1518 bytes input traffic [Mbps]



7 MHz 9 11 15 21 25 31 35 41

14 MHz 17 21 29 41 51 61 71 84

28 MHz 36 42 62 83 104 124 145 170

56 MHz 71 82 123 165 202 240 287 342

Switching capabilities

IDU type Mac table size

ALplus 1023

ALC Up to 2048

ALS and ALplus2 8192

SIAE MICROELETTRONICA S.p.A., Via Michelangelo Buonarroti, 21, Cologno Monzese (Mi), Italy

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