BENCHMARK TEST REVIEW

HOW THE EARTH MOVESRotation: The spinning of Earth along its imaginary axis at a 23.5o angle

Revolution: Earth’s yearly orbit around the Sun

*This causes our days and nights. It takes 24 hours for Earth to complete one rotation.

It takes one year for Earth to complete one revolution

Orbit is Elliptical: long curved course.

*Earth rotates on its axis counterclockwise

SEASONS

*Solstice: Earth is furthest distance north or south from the Sun.

*Equinox: Sun is directly about the Earth. Days and nights are equal.

•Caused by Earth’s tilt

Summer Solstice: June 21•Longest period of Daylight•Long days, short nights

Winter Solstice: December 21 or 22•Long nights, short days

Fall (Autumn) Equinox: September 21 or 22

Spring (Vernal) Equinox: March 21 or 22During equinoxes, direct Sun rays hit the equator.

Summer

*Occurs during a Solstice

*The Northern Hemisphere is pointed directly towards the sun receiving direct Sun rays

Autumn and Vernal *Occurs

during an Equinox

*The Sun is directly over the equator. Days and nights are equal.

Winter*Occurs during a Solstice.

*The Northern Hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun.

Moon Phases

Moon’s Rotation on its axis and Revolution around Earth takes 27.3 days

*Always see the same side of the Moon

*Moon doesn’t emit its own light. Reflects light off its surface from the Sun.

Moon Phases

Takes 29.5 days for the Moon to complete its cycle.

Two Phases:Waxing: “Light on the Right, getting Bright”Waning: Moon seem to “shrink”

Moon Phases

Eclipses

Lunar Eclipse: Earth moves between the Moon and the Sun and casts a shadow on the Moon

Solar Eclipse: Moon moves between the Earth and Sun and casts a shadow on parts of the Earth.

Tides

Spring Tide-Sun, Earth, and Moon are lined up.-Occurs during New Moon and Full Moon Phase-High Tides are higher than normal

Caused by the gravitational pull of the Moon on the Earth’s oceans.

Neap Tide-Sun, Earth and Moon form a 90o angle. -Occurs during 1st Quarter and 3rd Quarter Phase.-Low Tides are higher than normal.

Review

Illustrate Waxing Gibbous Phase

IllustrateWaning

Crescent Phase

IllustrateFull Moon Phase

Illustrate1st

Quarter Phase

IllustrateWaning Gibbous Phase

IllustrateWaning

Crescent Phase

IllustrateNew Moon Phase

Illustrate3rd

Quarter Phase

Illustrate

Spring Tide

IllustrateNeap Tide

IllustrateLunar Eclipse

IllustrateSolar

Eclipse

Study!Study! Study

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