B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N Small Commercial Windows and Insulation...

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N

Small Commercial Windows and Insulation

Ryan Firestone, Wayne Leonard, and Danielle GiddingJanuary, 2011


2

The Plan for Commercial Weatherization Goal

•Approval of provisionally deemed measures and research plan November RTF

•Conclusions – •Deemed savings will require rigorous modeling approach

and narrowly defined measures•SEEM may be appropriate for residential-type construction•eQUEST/DOE2 would be an appropriate platform for larger

more complicated buildings. Today

Review current deemed measuresBuilding characterizationModel CalibrationSavings results and cost effectiveness


3

Subcommittee Review Subcommittee Meeting

Thursday, January 27th

Attendees: Adam Hadley, Ryan Firestone, Danielle Gidding, Wayne Leonard, Mira Vowels, Adam Hadley, Tim Steele, Ray Hartwell, Irfan Rehmanji, Sheree Willhigte, Eric Boyer, Ryan Fedie (3pm), Carrie Nelson, Lauren Gage

Topics discussed Review of model inputs

Infiltration creditOrdering of model inputs (first in, last in)Measure Costs Internal gains

RecommendationProvisionally deem with research plan


Changes in Response to Subcommittee Meeting Reduced HVAC equipment size (sized to 40° ∆T, based on

whole building UA) Subtracted window area from wall area Confirmed that ducts are in crawl space for crawl space model Confirmed that the “no insulation” cases are the same values

as the residential analysis•Allows for minimal insulation existing

Adjust SHG for windows to match residential analysis Adjust ACH from 1.72 to 0.75

•Consider two windows cases: one with no ACH change, one with a 0.2 cfm/sq ft reduction


Current Deemed Commercial Window Measures

Measure DetailsBuilding

Type

Heating

Zone

Savings

(kWh/sq. ft)

Cost

($/sq. ft)

Lifetime

(years)

TRC B/C with

6th Plan

Avoided Costs

and 20 Year

Lifetime

Small Office 1 7.2 21.56 45 0.9

Small Retail 1 7.6 21.56 45 0.9

Small Office 2 9.9 21.56 45 1.2

Small Retail 2 11 21.56 45 1.4

Small Office 3 12 21.56 45 1.5

Small Retail 3 13 21.56 45 1.6

*Note: As of January 1, 2010, Energy Star Window criteria for the Northern region is U 0.30

Energy Star (U0.35) Prime

Window Replacement*

• <5,000 sq. ft.

• electric heat

5


Current Deemed Commercial Insulation Measures

Insulation

TypeDetails

Building

Type

Heating

Zone

Savings

(kWh/sq. ft)

Cost

($/sq. ft)

Lifetime

(years)

TRC B/C with

6th Plan

Avoided Costs

Attic Office 1 3.38 $1.13 20 8.0

Attic Office 2 4.65 $1.13 20 10.9

Attic Office 3 5.61 $1.13 20 13.2

Attic Retail 1 3.45 $1.13 20 8.1

Attic Retail 2 5.04 $1.13 20 11.9

Attic Retail 3 5.89 $1.13 20 13.9

Floor Office 1 2.09 $0.62 20 9.0

Floor Office 2 2.78 $0.62 20 11.9

Floor Office 3 3.32 $0.62 20 14.2

Floor Retail 1 2.04 $0.62 20 8.7

Floor Retail 2 2.95 $0.62 20 12.7

Floor Retail 3 3.57 $0.62 20 15.3

Wall Office 1 1.47 $0.69 20 5.7

Wall Office 2 2.03 $0.69 20 7.8

Wall Office 3 2.44 $0.69 20 9.4

Wall Retail 1 1.95 $0.69 20 7.5

Wall Retail 2 2.67 $0.69 20 10.3

Wall Retail 3 3.24 $0.69 20 12.5

Also considered by Navigant…

Perimeter Office 3 0.70 $30.00 45 0.04

Perimeter Retail 3 2.20 $30.00 45 0.13

• R0 to R38

• <5,000 sq. ft.

• electric heat

• R0 to R30 (or to joist

height, if less)

• <5,000 sq. ft.

• electric heat

• R0 to R-15 (4" wall)

• R0 to R-21 (6" wall)

• R0 (or minimal) to R-11

•<5,000 sq. ft.

• electric heat

R0 to R10

6

Current PTR savings and cost.

Lifetime reduced to 20 years.

Resulting 6th Plan cost effectiveness


7

Residential-type Construction Proposed Measures

“Residential-type” Up to 5,000 sq. ft. Wood frame and wood exterior

Measures Windows, Shop-built – Single Pane to U0.30 (Energy Star) Windows, Site-built – Single Pane to U0.30 Attic Insulation– R0 to R38 Walls Insulation– R0 to R11 Underfloor Insulation– R0 to R30 Slab on Grade Perimeter – R0 to R10


8

Commercial Weatherization Methodology1) Characterize residential type commercial buildings

• CBSA • Fill in data gaps as necessary – CA CEUS (for non-HVAC EUI)

2) Identify appropriate modeling platform • SEEM, for residential-type construction

3) Calibrate model to match annual energy use intensities • non-HVAC EUI, whole building EUI, and monthly loads• Adjust HVAC setpoints and schedules, infiltration, heat gain

4) Define measure and base cases• “last-in” assumption – base case is all measures in and sealed ducts• “first-in” assumption – base case is no insulation, single pane windows,

imperfect ducts5) Define measure identifiers and weighting

• Location – Portland, Seattle, Boise, Spokane, Kalispell• Building size – {1,500 ft2, 3,000 ft2, 5,000 ft2}• Heating type – {electric resistance, heat pump ( 5 control strategies)}

6) Results• SEEM results, 6th Plan costs, ProCost


9

SEEM Analysis Availability of established, easy to use simulation (SEEM) for analysis

Examine effect of building size, heating type, and measure ordering on savings RTF familiarity Relatively inexpensive to conduct analysis with

Good first run of methodology Appropriate for residential-type construction Limitations

schedule internal loads weekend/weekday distinction

construction type thermal mass of walls

Limitations of current deemed analysis: EZSim, based only on 1,100 ft2 building models, resistance heat


10

Building Characterization SEEM applicability

wood frame/wood surface buildings under 5,000 sq. ft.

Heating electric resistance heat pump (use battery of control strategies and

weighting from RTF residential analyses) Business type

office, retail (majority of small wood buildings can be characterized as one of these)


weighted

average median

weighted

average median

percent heated 97% 100% 97% 100%

percent cooled 88% 100% 28% 67%

percent single story 87% 99%

build year 1973 1980 1966 1976

hours per week 50 45 46 49

percent single pane 24% 36%

building size(sq ft) 3,099 2,400 3,143 1,923

all electric EUI equivalent (kWh/sq ft/yr) 19.3 19.8 21.5 22.2

number of buildings

number of buildings with billing data

Office

21

15

16

12

Dry Goods Retail

≤5,000 sq ft, wood, office and retail

Not much significant difference between small office and small retail

EUI Estimation Model: For same size buildings, no statistically significant difference in EUI

11

CBSA Building Characterization


CA CEUS EUIs (kWh/sq ft/year), all-electric buildings

12

Non-HVAC EUI Building Characterization

Building Type HVAC nonHVAC Total

College 4.7 7.5 12.3

Grocery 5.5 35.5 41.0

Health 8.6 11.0 19.6

Large Office 7.1 10.6 17.7

Lodging 4.6 7.5 12.1

Miscellaneous 2.1 7.8 9.8

Refrigerated Warehouse 0.6 19.4 20.0

Restaurant 2.3 5.2 7.5

Retail 4.1 10.0 14.1

School 2.3 5.2 7.5

Small Office 4.1 9.0 13.1

Warehouse 0.7 3.8 4.5


13

Model Calibration Consider

CBSA building characteristics CBSA load profiles CBSA EUI (whole building) CA CEUS EUI (non-HVAC)

Calibration Levers Space conditioning setpoints and schedules R-values (walls, ceiling) Air changes per hour


14

Model CalibrationOccupancy Parameters

Variable Name

($ indicates a

string variable)

Units DescriptionsModel

ValueNotes

Theathi (F) heat setpoint, higher T 68

Theatlo (F) heat setpoint, lower T 60

HRheathi (hr) hour to set up to higher T 9

HRheatlo (hr) hour to set down to lower T 18

Tcoollo (F) cool setpoint, lower T 71

Tcoolhi (F) cool setpoint, higher T 75

HRcoolhi (hr) hour to set up to higher T 9

HRcoollo (hr) hour to set down to lower T 18

Setback (1 or 0) 1 for setback, 0 ignore 1

Qgains (BTU/hr) Average internal gains 14,128

12.5 kW - assume heat from occupancy is

comparable to loads in unconditioned

spaces

Wgains (lb/hr) Average internal moisture gains 1

residential recommendation is 0.5 lb/hr,

assume 1 for increased occupancy (relative

to residential) during conditioned hours

assume typical heating and cooling

setpoints and schedule - note that this

schedule is operated 7 days a week, while

many businesses are only open 5 or 6 days

per week.


15

Model CalibrationEquipment Parameters

Equipment

Parameters

Variable Name

($ indicates a

string variable)


ValueNotes

Equiptype$

(YKC, YSA,

HPA3, FUR,

FYKC,

FYSA,

FHPA,HCA3,

FHCA)

type of heating equip FYKC Electric furnace, SEER 10 A/C

Tons (tons) Heat Pump or A/C (with Furnace) size 4.9 Sized to sustain 40° differential

Furnsize (Kw) size of elec. Furn 17.4 Sized to sustain 40° differential

CFMmult (.7 to 1.3) multiplier for rated CFM 1 use average recommended value

HPcntrl (0-3) HP control strategy 0 [used for HP scenarios only]

Tcntrl (F) cutoff Temp for control strategies 30


16

Model CalibrationDuct Parameters

Variable Name

($ indicates a

string variable)


ValueNotes

Perfect (1 or 0) 1=perfect ducts, 0=imperfect 0

SDloc$

(Crawl,

Attic, Out,

In)

Supply duct location In

SDLF (0 to 1) Supply duct leak fraction 0.1

SDarea (ft 2̂) Supply duct area 300

SDRval (R-value) Supply duct R-value 6

RDloc$

(Crawl,

Attic, Out,

In)

Return duct location Attic

RDLF (0 to 1) Return duct leak fraction 0.1

RDarea (ft 2̂) Return duct area 120

RDRval (R-value) Return duct R-value 2


17

Model Calibration – Envelope Parameters

Envelope

Parameters

Variable Name

($ indicates a

string variable)


ValueNotes

Afloorcond (ft 2̂)Conditioned floor area including

heated basement2,900 CBSA average

Volume (ft 3̂)Volume of house including heated

basement24,650 Assume 8.5' ceiling

Afloorext (ft 2̂)

Area of floor component above grade

not in contact with buffers. (i.e. area

above garage, cantilevers, etc.)

0

Rfloorext (R-value)Overall, air-to-air, external floor R-

value0

Aextwall (ft 2̂) Gross externior wall area 1,554 Assume 8.5' ceiling

Rextwall (R-value)Overall, air-to-air, R-value of

external walls. 8.79 Overall equivalent of R6.5, R13 for All-in

Aceiling (ft 2̂) Full ceiling area 2,900

Rceiling (R-value)Overall, air-to-air, R-value of ceiling

from house to attic.16.7

Overall equivalent of R19 insulation, R38

All-in

ABSroof (0 to 1) Roof solar absorbtivity 0.875 assume average recommended value

AwinN (ft 2̂) North window area 129

AwinE (ft 2̂) East window area 65

AwinS (ft 2̂) South window area 129

AwinW (ft 2̂) West window area 65

Uwindow (U-value)Overall, air-to-air, u-val of window

including frame0.65

CBSA average panes = 1.6. 0.65 chosen as

in-between single and double pane

SHGC (0 to 1) Solar heat gain coef incl frame 0.7

Shading (0 to 1)

Multiplies SHGC to account for both

internal and external shading of

window

0.575 assume average recommended value

Adoor (ft 2̂) Total door area 64 assume 4 doors, 16 sq ft each

Rdoor (R-value) Overall, air-to-air, R-value 5 same as residential model

assume window to wall ratio (specified),

house oriented with long side pointing

south


18

Model Calibration – Foundation Parameters

Variable Name

($ indicates a

string variable)


ValueNotes

Foundtype (1, 2, 3, 4) Foundation type: 1=crawl, 2=slab, 3=unheated basement, 4= basement2 most CBSA sample is on slab

Afootprint (ft 2̂) Footprint, NOT true floor area 2,900 assume same as floor area (single story)

Pfloor (ft) Perimeter of footprint 228 2:1 perimeter aspect ratio

Rfloor (R-value) Overall, air-to-air, R-value of wood floor between house and crawlspace or unheated basement.0

Rslabins (R-value) Overall R-value of full slab area insulation 0

Rcarpet (R-value) Overall R-Value of carpet and pad on slab, basement, or crawlspace floor or on top of wood floor. 0

Edgetype$ (H, V, N) H=Horizontal insulation, edge to top of slab included; V=vertical insulation to top of slab; N=No edge insulation.N

EdgeDepth (ft) Depth for vertical perimeter slab insulation or width for horizontal perimeter slab insulation 0

Redgeins (R-value) R-value of the perimeter insulation 0

SoilCond (Btu/ft-F-hr) Average soil conductivity 0.75 assume average recommended value

HeightAG (ft) Average distance from finish grade to finish floor 0

RwallAG (R-value) Overall, air-to-air, R-value of crawl or basement side wall above finish grade and below finish floor.0

HeightBG (ft) Average distance from finish grade to crawlspace or basement floor0

RwallBG (R-value) Overall R-value of crawl or basement side wall below finish grade0

assume slab at grade

assume slab with no insulation, 2' or R10

for All-in


19

Model CalibrationInfiltration Parameters

Infiltration

Parameters

Variable Name

($ indicates a

string variable)


ValueNotes

AchHouse††† (1/hr) House air change rate per hour 0.75 representative of a leaky home

AchAttic††† (1/hr) Attic air change rate per hour 2.5 assume average between the two

AchCrawl††† (1/hr)Crawlspace or unheated basement

air change rate per hour0.35 assume average between the two


20

Analysis Location

{Boise, Kalispell, Missoula, Portland, Seattle, Spokane} – weighted averages for each heating zone

Building Size {1,500 ft2, 3,000 ft2, 4,500 ft2}

Heating Type {resistance, heat pump}

Use weighted average of residential battery of controls for heat pump

Measure Order Last measure in First measure in


21

Additional Details

Two window measures models1. ACH is constant (0.75)2. ACH reduced by window measure

• Windows from 0.5 cfm/sq ft to 0.3 cfm/sq ft (ACH 0.49 to 0.60)

Two baseline models: Slab on grade – used for all measures except underfloor Crawlspace – used for underfloor insulation measure.

Ducts moved from attic to crawlspace


22

Analysis – Weighting of SavingsPortland Seattle Boise Spokane Kalispell

Heating Zone 1 0 50% 15% 15% 0%

Heating Zone 2 0% 0% 10% 85% 5%

Heating Zone 3 0% 0% 0% 0% 100%

weighting from 6th plan for residential weatherization

Res HP1 HP2 HP3 HP4 HP5

RESISTANCE HEATING 1 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

HP HEATING 0% 40% 15% 5% 15% 25%

weighting from 6th plan for residential weatherization

1500

SQFT

3000

SQFT

4500

SQFT

Representative Building 43% 38% 19%

weighting based on distribution of buildings in CBSA

City

Heating Controls

Building Size


23

Measure Ordering Last-in analysis - upgrade calibrated model to fully

retrofitted Perfect ducts Windows - U0.30 Walls - R11 Attic - R38 Underfloor - R30 (separate model with

crawlspace) Perimeter – R10

First in analysis – downgrade calibrated model Windows – U0.90 (single pane) No insulation


First/Last-In Analysis for Commercial Weatherization

Last Measure In Most conservative savings results

Low savings are a potential programmatic barrier to achieving savings

Not representative of actual commercial building savings Likely that converted houses not fully retrofitted

Many EE measures not offered in small commercial to double count savings

First-in analysis done to compare savings results Requesting input from subcommittee on input parameter

values and first/last in assumptions


25

Last-In Analysis – Energy Savings

Total kWh Savings (per unit)

ResHeat HPHeat

Measure Units HZ1 HZ2 HZ3 HZ1 HZ2 HZ3

Windows (with ∆ACH) sq ft 11.6 21.1 27.6 7.5 16.5 24.0

Windows (without ∆ACH) sq ft 8.1 14.8 19.4 5.6 11.9 17.1

Attic sq ft 1.0 1.7 2.3 0.7 1.4 2.0

Walls sq ft 0.5 1.1 1.5 0.3 0.8 1.3

Underfloor sq ft 0.4 1.1 1.5 0.2 0.8 1.2

Foundation Perimeter linear ft 0.2 0.5 0.6 0.1 0.4 0.5

Heat Savings (per unit)

ResHeat HPHeat




Attic sq ft 1.0 1.7 2.2 0.7 1.3 1.9

Walls sq ft 0.7 1.2 1.6 0.5 0.9 1.4

Underfloor sq ft 0.8 1.3 1.8 0.5 1.0 1.5


Cooling Savings (per unit)

ResHeat HPHeat


Windows (with ∆ACH) sq ft -0.9 0.0 -0.2 -0.9 0.0 -0.2


Attic sq ft 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Walls sq ft -0.2 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1

Underfloor sq ft -0.4 -0.3 -0.3 -0.4 -0.3 -0.3

Foundation Perimeter linear ft -0.09 -0.06 -0.06 -0.09 -0.06 -0.06


26

First-In Analysis – Energy Savings


ResHeat HPHeat




Attic sq ft 1.4 2.1 2.6 0.9 1.6 2.3

Walls sq ft 0.9 1.5 1.9 0.6 1.2 1.8

Underfloor sq ft 0.9 1.4 1.8 0.4 0.9 1.4



ResHeat HPHeat




Attic sq ft 1.3 2.0 2.5 0.8 1.5 2.2

Walls sq ft 1.0 1.5 2.0 0.6 1.2 1.8

Underfloor sq ft 1.1 1.5 1.9 0.6 1.1 1.6



ResHeat HPHeat




Attic sq ft 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Walls sq ft 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Underfloor sq ft -0.2 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2

Foundation Perimeter linear ft -0.04 -0.03 -0.03 -0.04 -0.03 -0.03


27

Comparison Analysis –Last In savings as a percentage of First In savings


ResHeat HPHeat


Windows sq ft 71% 81% 81% 72% 79% 78%

Windows, Site-built sq ft 69% 80% 81% 71% 79% 77%

Attic sq ft 70% 83% 86% 73% 84% 83%

Walls sq ft 55% 73% 76% 54% 72% 71%

Underfloor sq ft 48% 78% 84% 40% 80% 83%

Foundation Perimeter linear ft 54% 76% 80% 51% 75% 75%


ResHeat HPHeat


Windows sq ft 77% 83% 83% 81% 82% 80%


Attic sq ft 76% 85% 88% 82% 87% 86%

Walls sq ft 69% 78% 80% 75% 79% 76%

Underfloor sq ft 73% 88% 92% 84% 92% 92%



ResHeat HPHeat


Windows sq ft -1029% 2% -39% -1029% 2% -39%


Attic sq ft -25% 45% 35% -25% 45% 35%

Walls sq ft 380% 621% 564% 380% 621% 564%

Underfloor sq ft 178% 157% 172% 178% 157% 172%



28

Analysis – Cost and Lifetime Cost

Lifetime – 20 years to account for commercial building turnover and renovation (40 for residential windows and insulation)

Equipment SpecificationsCost

($/unit)Units Notes Source

Windows (with ∆ACH) U 0.9 to U 0.30 $20.61 ft2includes removal/disposal of

existing windows and

installation of new, shop-built

6th Plan SF Res WX

Windows (without ∆ACH)U 0.9 to U 0.30 $20.61 ft2includes removal/disposal of

existing windows and

installation of new, shop-built

6th Plan SF Res WX

Attic Insulation R0 to R38 $0.84 ft2 includes installation 6th Plan SF Res WX

Wall Insulation, blown in R0 to R11 $0.97 ft2 includes installation 6th Plan SF Res WX

Underfloor Insulation R0 to R30 $1.37 ft2 includes installation 6th Plan SF Res WX

Perimeter Insulation R0 to R10 $20.00 linear ft includes excavation and repair Navigant survey of contractors


29

Cost Effectiveness 6th Plan ProCost TRC B/C Ratio Heating and cooling savings disaggregated to apply different

load shapes in ProCost (CommHeat, Comm Cool) Values in pink have a cost-effectiveness greater than or equal

to one.

Last In

First In

ResHeat HPHeat

Measure Units HZ1 HZ2 HZ3 HZ1 HZ2 HZ3Windows (with ∆ACH) sq ft 1.3 2.0 2.6 0.8 1.6 2.4


Attic sq ft 2.6 4.0 5.0 1.7 3.1 4.5

Walls sq ft 1.5 2.5 3.2 1.0 1.9 2.9

Underfloor sq ft 1.0 1.6 2.1 0.5 1.1 1.7


ResHeat HPHeat



Attic sq ft 1.8 3.3 4.3 1.3 2.6 3.7

Walls sq ft 0.9 1.8 2.5 0.5 1.4 2.1

Underfloor sq ft 0.5 1.3 1.8 0.3 0.9 1.5



30

Sensitivity – Internal Gains Last-in total savings

(heating and cooling) for 50%, 100%, and 200% of base case internal gains 50%

100%

200%

ResHeat HPHeat




Attic sq ft 1.0 1.7 2.3 0.7 1.4 2.0

Walls sq ft 0.5 1.1 1.5 0.3 0.8 1.3

Underfloor sq ft 0.4 1.1 1.5 0.2 0.8 1.2


ResHeat HPHeat


Windows (with ∆ACH) sq ft -3.6 4.5 11.1 -3.8 4.0 10.9

Windows (without ∆ACH) sq ft -2.4 2.6 7.1 -2.5 2.4 7.2

Attic sq ft -0.4 0.2 0.7 -0.4 0.2 0.7

Walls sq ft -0.4 -0.2 0.2 -0.4 -0.1 0.2

Underfloor sq ft -0.7 -0.3 0.0 -0.6 -0.3 0.1

Foundation Perimeter linear ft -0.2 -0.1 0.1 -0.2 -0.1 0.1

ResHeat HPHeat




Attic sq ft 1.4 2.1 2.6 0.9 1.6 2.2

Walls sq ft 1.0 1.5 1.8 0.6 1.1 1.5

Underfloor sq ft 1.0 1.5 1.9 0.5 1.0 1.5



31

Sensitivity – Internal Gains Last-in TRC B/C for

50%, 100%, and 200% of base case internal gains

50%

100%

200%

ResHeat HPHeat



Attic sq ft 1.8 3.3 4.3 1.3 2.6 3.7

Walls sq ft 0.9 1.8 2.5 0.5 1.4 2.1

Underfloor sq ft 0.5 1.3 1.8 0.3 0.9 1.5


ResHeat HPHeat



Attic sq ft 2.7 4.0 4.9 1.8 3.0 4.2

Walls sq ft 1.6 2.4 3.0 1.0 1.7 2.5

Underfloor sq ft 1.2 1.8 2.3 0.6 1.2 1.8


ResHeat HPHeat



Attic sq ft 0.0 0.4 1.4 0.0 0.4 1.5

Walls sq ft 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.5

Underfloor sq ft 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2



Measure Summary

32

Measure Classification and PropertiesMarket Sector Commercial

Market SegmentSmall commercial office and retail, residential-type construction (up to 5,000 sq ft, wood frame, wood exterior)

Measure Category Weatherization

Measure Description

Envelope upgrades for small commercial buildings with residential-type construction: attic, wall, and floor insulation, and windows.

Sunset Criteria 2 years

Primary Workbook seem92_calibration_v08.xls

Linked WorkbooksSmallCommWx - ProCost 257e-V2 - v05.xls

Number of Measures, and UES Components

1728 envelope retrofit measures each modeled using a single UES component


Measure Summary

33

Measure IdentifiersIdentifier

Measure Type (See UES Table Below)

Climate Zone

Heating System Type

Building Size

Heating zones 1, 2, & 3

Heating zones 1, 2, & 3 are based on the following weightings of SEEM results for 5 citiesZone 1: Portland 20% Seattle 50% Boise 15%

Kalispell 0% Spokane 15%Zone 2: Portland 0% Seattle 0% Boise 10%

Kalispell 5% Spokane 85%Zone 3: Portland 0% Seattle 0% Boise 0%

Kalispell 100% Spokane 0%

Possible Values Further Explanation and Sources

(1) Replacement - window (2 possible measure variant)

(2) Upgrade - insulation value of attic space (1 possible measure variant)

(3) Upgrade - insulation value of exterior wall cavity (1 possible measure variant)

(4) Upgrade - insulation value of floor crawlspace (1 possible measure variant)

(5) Upgrade - insulation value of slab-on-grade perimeter insulation (1 possible measure variant)

Window variants: with ACH reduction as result of window replacement, and without ACH reduction.

1) resisance heatings2) heat pump (five possible measure variants)

Heat pump results are the weighted average of heat pump EER and control mixes

1) 1,500 sq ft2) 3,000 sq ft3) 4,500 sq ft

1,500 sq ft = 43%3,000 sq ft = 38%4,500 sq ft = 19%

(based of representation in CBSA)


Measure Summary

34

Constant ParametersParameter

Envelope Efficiency

Duct Efficiency

Internal Loads

System Characteristics

Floor area of prototypes

Foundation Type Weighting Factors

Heat pump systems assume a weighted control type mix for heating savings calculation

Possible Values Further Explanation and Sources

Envelope component efficiencies that are not being varied to determine measure savings are

consistent with a fully weatherized residence

Sealed ducts in last-in measure case, Not sealed (10% leakage) for first-in case

Assumes typical loads. 14,125 BTU/hr for 2,900 sq ft. prototype (12.5 kW).

This is approximately 20% higher than CA CEUS non-HVAC loads for comporable buildings.

Higher LPD could account for this. This level of internal gains results in whole building EUIs

(HVAC and non-HVAC) close to CBSA average EUIs.

1,500 sq ft3,000 sq ft4,500 sq ft

SEEM runs are performed for each floor area prototye, then weighted by the prevalence of small office/retail residential-type buildings of

these sizes in CBSA.

slab on grade for all measures except underfloor insulation

crawl space for underfloor insulation measureseparate model, separate results.


Measure Summary

35

Unit Energy Savings (UES) Estimation Method, Parameters and Sources

Measure TypeUES Component

Analysis approach

Primary Parameter / Adjustment Factor

Baseline Description Efficient Case Description Baseline SourceEfficient Case Source

Replacement - window (with ACH change)

One Component

Window insulation valueWindow SHGACH

Single pane, U0.90.SHG = 0.7Whole building ACH = 0.75

Energy Star, U0.30SHG = 0.3Whole building ACH = 0.49 (1,500 sq ft), 0.56 (3,000 sq ft), 0.60 (4,500 sq ft.), based on 0.5 cfm/sq ft infiltration for old windows and 0.3 cfm/sq ft for new windows.

Replacement - window (without ACH change)

One Component

Window insulation valueWindow SHG

Single pane, U0.90.SHG = 0.7

Energy Star, U0.30SHG = 0.3

Upgrade - Attic Insulation

One Component

Attic insulation R-value

R-4 R-39

Upgrade - Wall Insulation

One Component

Wall insulation R-value

R-0 R-11

Upgrade - Underfloor Insulation

One Component

Underfloor Insulation

R-0 R-30

Upgrade - Slab-on-grade perimeter insulation

One Component

Perimeter insulation

R-0 R-10

NWPPC Prototype Inputs, Ecotope, RTF assumptionsACH adjustment based on conservative estimates of infiltration rates from web

research.

RTF residential analysis

Multiple runs of the SEEM simulation engine for baseline and efficient cases. Baseline definition is based on CBSA data and calibration of SEEM baseline model to match non-HVAC and whole-building EUIs in CA CEUS and CBSA, respectively.

NWPPC Prototype Inputs, Ecotope, RTF assumptions

ACH kept constant in keeping with residential analysis

approach.





Proposal

36

Provisionally Deem Measures (2 year sunset date) Windows, Shop-built – Single Pane to U0.30 (Energy Star)

Option 1) with ACH reduction Option 2) without ACH reduction

Windows, Site-built – Single Pane to U0.30 Attic Insulation– R0 to R38 Walls Insulation– R0 to R11 Underfloor Insulation– R0 to R30 Slab on Grade Perimeter – R0 to R10


Proposal Cont.

37

Measure ordering Option 1: Last-In Option 2: First In Option 3: Intermediate

Eligible to all “Residential-type” commercial buildings Up to 5,000 sq. ft. Wood frame and wood exterior Heating: electric resistance or heat pump

Research Plan for Provisional Deeming


Research Plan based on Subcommittee Comments

38

Infiltration Levels Question: What are infiltration levels after window installation? Research:

Billing history analysis for heating and non-heating loads Post-installation blower door testing on sample of retrofitted

buildings Insulation Baseline for Windows

Question: what is baseline insulation in buildings for attic and floors? Research:

Collect data during installation of baseline insulation Internal Gains

Question: Do buildings have high internal gains? Research:

Collect business type information from program participants


Back Up Slides


Detailed Measure TRC – First In

ResHeat HPHeat


Windows - single pane baseline - no ACH changesq ft 0.9 1.4 1.8 0.6 1.1 1.7

Windows - double pane baseline - no ACH changesq ft 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.3 0.5 0.8

Attic R0 to R19 sq ft 3.7 5.6 7.1 2.4 4.4 6.4

Attic R0 to R38 sq ft 2.6 4.0 5.0 1.7 3.1 4.4

Attic R0 to R49 sq ft 2.2 3.3 4.1 1.4 2.6 3.7

Attic R19 to R38 sq ft 1.5 2.3 2.9 1.0 1.8 2.5

Attic R19 to R49 sq ft 1.2 1.8 2.3 0.8 1.4 2.0

Attic R38 to R49 sq ft 0.6 1.0 1.2 0.4 0.8 1.1

Underfloor R0 to R19 sq ft 1.3 2.1 2.7 0.7 1.5 2.2







Detailed Measure TRC – Last InResHeat HPHeat


Windows - single pane baseline - no ACH changesq ft 0.6 1.1 1.5 0.4 0.9 1.3

Windows - double pane baseline - no ACH changesq ft 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.2 0.5 0.6

Attic R0 to R19 sq ft 2.7 4.8 6.2 1.8 3.8 5.4

Attic R0 to R38 sq ft 1.8 3.3 4.3 1.3 2.6 3.7

Attic R0 to R49 sq ft 1.5 2.8 3.6 1.0 2.2 3.1

Attic R19 to R38 sq ft 1.0 1.8 2.4 0.7 1.5 2.1

Attic R19 to R49 sq ft 0.8 1.4 1.9 0.5 1.2 1.6

Attic R38 to R49 sq ft 0.4 0.8 1.0 0.3 0.6 0.9







Date post:	02-Jan-2016
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