B571 EIA Environmental Impact Assessment (Presented to RIBA Part 1 Year PT3 Tech+Env LSBU)

8/9/2019 B571 EIA Environmental Impact Assessment (Presented to RIBA Part 1 Year PT3 Tech+Env LSBU)

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Environmental

Impact

Assessment


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Environmental Assessment

Environmental assessment is a procedure that ensures that the

environmental implications of decisions are taken into accountbefore the decisions are made.

The process involves an analysis of the likely effects on theenvironment, recording those effects in a report, undertaking a

public consultation exercise on the report, taking into accountthe comments and the report when making the final decisionand informing the public about that decision afterwards.

In principle, environmental assessment can be undertaken forindividual projects such as a dam, motorway, airport or factory('Environmental Impact Assessment') or for plans, programmesand policies ('Strategic Environmental Assessment').

This website provides information on the European Community'slaws on Environmental Impact Assessment of projects and the

Environmental Assessment of certain plans and programmestogether with other related information.


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1985 Directive & 1997 Amendment

Environmental Impact Assessment

The EIA Directive (EU legislation) on Environmental Impact Assessmentof the effects of projects on the environment was introduced in 1985and was amended in 1997.

Member States have to transpose the amended EIA Directive by 14

March 1999 at the latest.

The EIA procedure ensures that environmental consequences ofprojects are identified and assessed before authorisation is given.

The public can give its opinion and all results are taken into account in

the authorisation procedure of the project.

The public is informed of the decision afterwards.

The EIA Directive outlines which project categories shall be madesubject to an EIA, which procedure shall be followed and the content of

the assessment.


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Environmental Impact Assessment(EIA)

Introduction http://ec.europa.eu/environment/eia/eia-legalcontext.htm

Legal Context http://ec.europa.eu/environment/eia/eia-legalcontext.htm#legalcontext

Guidance and research

http://ec.europa.eu/environment/eia/eia-support.htm


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News

http://ec.europa.eu/environment/eia/news.htm


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Commission's Guidance on"Clarification of the application of

Article 2(3) of the EIA Directive


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EIA and SEA

"The Relationship between the EIA andSEA Directives project"

http://ec.europa.eu/environment/eia/pdf/final_report_0508.pdf

Contact Points:

http://ec.europa.eu/environment/eia/contacts.htm


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2003 Aarhus Convention

Following the signature of the AarhusConvention by the Community on 25 June1998, the Community adopted in Directive2003/35/EC May 2003 amending amongstothers the EIA Directive.

This Directive intends to align the provisions

on public participation in accordance with theAarhus Convention on public participation indecision-making and access to justice inenvironmental matters.

Legal Context


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EIA Directive (85/337/EEC)

http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.d

o?uri=CELEX:31985L0337:EN:NOT


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Amended EIA Directive (97/11/EC)

http://eur-

lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31997L0011:EN:NOT

5 years report (PDF 520 kb)

http://ec.europa.eu/environment/pdfinfo.htm


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Other EU-legislation is related to theEIA Directive.

IMPEL report shows the interrelationbetween EIA, IPPC, SEVESO Directives

and EMAS Regulation

Summary

full text

PDF format


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Search for EU-legislation

related to EIA

EUR-LEX http://ec.europa.eu/environment/pdfinfo

.htm IPPC-Directive (96/61/EC)

SEVESO-Directive (96/92/EC) EMAS-Regulation (1836/93/EEC)

Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC)


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EIA ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

ASSESSMENT (EIA)

The assessment of the environmentalimpacts likely to arise from a major

action (i.e. legislation, a policy, a

programme or project) significantlyaffecting the environment.


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EIS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

STATEMENT

The 1988 EU Directive requires an EIS as part of thedeveloping control procedure.

(A statement of results from the EIA).

It must include: a description of the project;

a description of the environment affected;

assessment of the important effects of the project onthe environment;

justification of the project from alternative views; and

a non-technical summary.


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The EIA Directive on Environmental Impact Assessment of the effects of projects

on the environment was first introduced in 1985 and wasamended in 1997.

The directive was amended again in 2003 following the 1998signature by the EU of the Aarhus Convention on public

participation in environmental matters. The issue was enlarged to the assessment of plans and

programmes by the so called SEA-Directivein 2001 which isnow in force and establishes a mix of mandatory anddiscretionary procedures for assessing environmental impacts.

Under the EU directive, an EIA must provide certain informationto comply.

There are seven key areas that are required:


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1. Description of the project

Description of actual project andsite description

Break the project down into its keycomponents, ie construction,

operations, decommissioning

For each component list all of the

sources of environmental disturbance

For each component all the inputs and

outputs must be listed, eg, air pollution,

noise, hydrology


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2. Alternatives that have been

considered

Examine alternatives that have beenconsidered

Eg - In a biomass power station, will the

fuel be sourced locally or nationally?


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3. Description of the environment

List of all aspects of the environmentthat may be effected by the

development

eg populations,fauna, flora, air, soil,water, humans, landscape, cultural

heritage This section is best carried out with the

help of local experts, eg the RSPB in the

UK


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4. Description of the significant

effects on the environment

The word significant is crucial here as thedefinition can vary

'Significant' needs to be defined

The most frequent method used here is use ofthe Leopold matrix

The maxtrix is a tool used in the systematicexamination of potential interactions

Eg. In a windfarm development a significant

impact may be collisions with birds


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The Leopold matrix

is a qualitative environmental impactassessmentmethod, used to identify thepotential environmental impact of a project onthe environment.

The system consists in a matrix with columnsrepresenting the various activities of theproject, and rows representing the various

environmental factors to be considered. The intersections are filled in to indicate the

magnitude (from -10 to +10) and the

importance (from 1 to 10) of the impact ofeach activity on each environmental factor.


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5. Mitigation

This is where EIA is most useful

Once section 4 has been completed it will beobvious where the impacts will be greatest

Using this information ways to avoid negativeimpacts should be developed

Best working with the developer with thissection as they know the project best

Using the windfarm example again

construction could be out of bird nestingseasons


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6. Non-technical summary

The EIA will be in the public domain andbe used in the decision making process

It is important that the information is

available to the public

This section is a summary that does not

include jargon or complicated diagrams

It should be understood by the informed

lay-person


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7. Lack of know-how/technical

difficulties

This section is to advise any areas ofweakness in knowledge

It can be used to focus areas of future

research

Some developers see the EIA as a

starting block for good environmental

management


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Matrix

Another GreenSpec CPD to download soon

Issue: Problems (-ve) Design Materials Practices Economics Social Environmental

Challenge Expectations


Protect and enhance Biodiversity

Water Efficient LandscapeBest of natural resources

Climate change ready

Respect for vernacular

Design to match local skills

Appropriate design for site

Adaptability /reparability

Use healthy low allergy materials

Multi-disciplinary design

Energy Efficiency/Renewables

Water Efficiency

Choose durable materialsUse Sustainable timber

Design to minimise waste

Use Second hand materials

Storage for reuse and recycling

Issue: Solutions (+ve) Design Materials Practices Economics Social Environmental

Challenge Expectations


Protect and enhance Biodiversity

Water Efficient Landscape

Best of natural resources

Climate change ready

Respect for vernacular

Design to match local skills

Appropriate design for site

Adaptability /reparability

Use healthy low allergy materials

Multi-disciplinary design

Energy Efficiency/RenewablesWater Efficiency

Choose durable materials

Use Sustainable timber

Design to minimise waste

Use Second hand materials

Storage for reuse and recycling

EnvironmentalConstruction

MatrixProblems -ve & Solutions +ve

www.greenspec.co.uk


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The homepage of UN ECE Conventionon EIA in a transboundary context

(UN ECE Homepage ESPOO

Convention)


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SEA

SEA Protocol available in 12 Europeanlanguages


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The homepage of UN ECE Conventionon access to information, public

participation in decision-making and

access to justice in environmentalmatters

(UN ECE Homepage AarhusConvention)


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Case-Law

Court of Justice where you can search for recent EIA

case-law

CELEX where you can search for EIA

case-law older than one year (paying

service)


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Convention on Biological Diversity

Convention on Biological Diversity -Guidelines on incorporating biodiversity

in EIA and SEA


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ESPOO

ESPOO Convention English Version

on UN ECE server


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Aarhus Convention

(ECE/CEP/43) where article 6 has provisions linked to

projects

English version

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B571 EIA Environmental Impact Assessment (Presented to RIBA Part 1 Year PT3 Tech+Env LSBU)

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