Bac Review

8/12/2019 Bac Review

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Insights into English,

Unit 1

Cultural Issues and Values

Vocabulary: Expressions of definition

is

refers to

is referred to as

is defined as

has been defined as...

is the way of

is

refers to

Cultural anthropology is referred to as being the study of human culture.

has been defined as

An anthropologist isan expert in anthropology.Culture is the way oflife of a particular group of people.

A stereotype is defined asbeing a belief about an individual or a group based on the idea that everyone in a

particular group will behave in the same way.

Hospitality and tolerance are values that are deeply rootedin the Moroccan culture.

If you happen to go to live in a foreign country with a different culture, you have to adjustto it, otherwise

you will feel as a fish out of water.

ifferent cultures have different values. !alues varyfrom culture to culture.

"eople from rural areas stick to customs and traditions more than urban people.

Cultural issues arise when groups of people believe another group behaves wrongly.

Culture is learned and transmittedfrom generation to generation.Deeper insightsinto other people#s customs, values and ideas minimi$e conflict due toignorance and

intolerance.

Asking for clarification:

A: What is another word for aware!"#: Conscious.

$ocabulary: %p &'(

uneasy: uncomfortable

unlike: as opposed to

to obey: to respect) to abide by

dissimilarities: differences

natural: healthy

wrongly * rightly

Conditional: types & and '+f you pay attention in the classroom) you!ll understand better.

.What does the verb!

mean "

.What is another word for"


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+!ll continue my studies abroad if + get high grades in by bac e,ams.

-ariam won!t marry abil if he isn/t an honest person.

+f + were you) +!d give up smoking.

We wouldn!t have so many car accidents if both drivers and pedestrians were careful enough.

+f 0ouad had money) she could buy a new laptop.

Asking for) giving and responding to advice: %p &1(

Asking for advice Giving Advice Responding to advice

What do you think + should do"

What do you suggest"

What would you do if"

What!s your advice for"

What would you advise me to do"

2ow can + "

What!s the best"

+ don!t know what to do.

What should + do"

+ think you should

-ay be you should

+t!s best not to

+t!s a good idea not to

Why don!t you"

+f + were you) + would

3ou!d better %not(

Whatever you do) don!t

3ou should%n!t(4ought%n!t(to

5hat!s a good idea. 5hanks.

5hanks for your advice) but +

really

5hank you for your advice) but +

really

0orry) + can!t. +!m ing

+t sounds like a good idea.

5hanks) but +!ve already

5hanks) but + doubt whether

6atient: +!m afraid +!m putting on weight) doctor. What do you think + should do"

Doctor: +t!s a good idea not to eat between meals and you!d better e,ercise at least three times

a week. -ay be you should eat more vegetables and less fatty food.

6atient: +t sounds like a good idea7 5hanks for your advice) doctor.

Vocabulary: (18)

ADJECTIVE MEAIGambitious

broad%minded

capable

cheerfulforgiving

helpful

honest

imaginative

independent

logical

polite

self%controlled

courageous

hardwor&ing, aspiring

open%minded

competent, effective

light%hearted, 'oyfulwilling to forgive others

wor&ing for the welfare of others

sincere, truthful

daring, creative

self%reliant

consistent, rational

courteous, well%mannered

self%disciplined

standing up for your beliefs

8,pressing lack of understanding) interrupting and asking for clarification(

E!pressing lack of understanding Interrupting Asking for clarificationCould you say that again 4 repeat please"

+ beg your pardon"

+!m not 9uite sure + follow you.

+!m not 9uite sure + know what you mean.

+ beg your pardon) but + don!t 9uite

understand.

+ don!t 9uite see what you mean) +!m

afraid.

0orry) + didn!t 9uite hear what you said.

+!m not 9uite sure + got your point.

0orry) + didn!t get your point) +!m afraid.

+ don!t 9uite see what you!re getting at.

8,cuse me

0orry) but

8,cuse me for interrupting

-ay + interrupt for a moment"

Can + add something"

Can + say something here"

+!d like to say something) if + may"

Can + ask a 9uestion"

-ay + ask a 9uestion"

What do you mean by"

Do you mean"

+!m not 9uite with you. What do you mean"

Could you clarify that) please"

Could you be more e,plicit"

Could you e,plain what you mean by"

Could you possibly give us an e,ample"

+ wonder if you could say that in a different

way"

Could you be a little bit more specific) please.

8,pressions for clarifying one!s point 4 idea:


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2eadmaster: -obile phones are not allowed at school.

0tudent: 0orry) sir. +!m not 9uite sure + know what you mean.

2eadmaster: +n other words) you mustn!t use your mobile at school because they are forbidden.0tudent: +!m sorry) sir.

5he 6ast 6erfect vs. 5he 6ast 6erfect Continuous( )p*+

"or#: P. Participle: had + past participle of the verb

P. Participle Continuous: had + past participle + ving

After the cultural anthropologist had finished the lecture) he flew to 5angier.

#y the time + went to see the doctor) + had been ill for at least two weeks.Adib had bought a brand new car before he got his driving licence.

nce +lham had read the advert about the job) she went to the ffice of Admission.

;ane had done her homework before she went out.

When he arrived to the airport) there was no plane. +t had already taken off.

0he didn!t go to bed until she had set her alarm clock.

?et me e,plain that.

> ?et me put it another way.

> ?et me e,press that differently.

> 0orry) let me e,plain.

> +n other words)

> +n other terms

> 5o say that differently)

> 5o put it differently)

> ?et me e,plain that in more detail.


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creativity

adventure

innovation

talent

ambition

inuiry

creative

adventurous

innovative

talented

ambitious

inuisitive

maturityefficiencyself!confidenceautonomyrebellionindependence

matureefficientself!confidentautonomousrebelliousindependent

Although young people are a heterogeneous group, they can play responsible, determining roles in society.

-hey are the lifeblood of a countryand represent the most active and vital force in its development. -heyshould be allowed to voice their opinionsbecause they have as much to say about societal problems and

potential solutions as others do.

arim, our classmate, is &nown to be very cooperative. /hen we are assigned pro'ects, he wor&s well with

us and always does his share of wor&.

A high percentage of young people no longer believe in their country#s political parties0 that#s why they tend

to shy awayfrom politics.

-he youth need their independencein order to grow into responsibleadults.

-he young man left the conference room with a clear conscience. He felt happy he had been able toraise

people!s awarenessto the importance of community wor&.

UNIT 3

Advances in 4cience and Tec%nology

Ahmed( /hat does @W5 stand for1

2abila( It stands for bserve, @orm, Watch and 5est.

Ahmed( I thin& these are the four steps scientists normally follow in their wor&, aren#t they1

2abila( 3es, they are.

$ocabulary( )p+4

benefits 5 advantages

events 5 happenings

on your own 5 independentlypseudo 5 false, fa&e, not genuine

ne of the advantages of beingscientifically literate is that you can as& and find answers to

6uestions derived from curiosity about everyday happenings. Another advantage is thatyou can

understand how the world wor&s and thin& critically and independently. A third one is that

scientific literacy allows us to identify pseudo scientific claims.

3ousra( In your opinion, which is the most significant breakthroughin technology1

7ohn( 8or me, the internet is the most significant one. I really can#t do without it.

brea&through 5 advances

E6$RE44IG $1R$/4E

0tructure

to 9 infinitive :ouad goes 'ogging every morning to keep fitand healthy.

for 9 noun A&ram met Mr. 7ohnson for an interview.

for 9 ing "osters and brochures are used for interviewing people to study.

in order to 9 infinitive Adults go to literacy classes in order to learn how to read and write.

so that 9 modal He trains very hard so thathe can be ready for the next ;lympic


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7ournalists should be tactful so as not tooffend readers.

-hey left home early in order not tomiss the train.

Amina wor&s very hard so as not tofail her exams.

I too& off my shoes and wal&ed upstairs so as not towa&e my parents.

/hen I have a lot of homewor&, I sometimes do it immediately in order not toforget it.

He went out for a wal& in order not toget sleepy.

Could you repeat the message slowly so thatI can understand.

ther ways of e,pressing purpose(

An investigation is carried out for the purpose ofdetermining the cause of the accident.

=esearch is being done with the aim ofdeveloping a cure to bird flu.

-he association is raising money with the objective ofbuilding a street children center.

He went to the clinic with the intention ofdoing a general chec&%up.

$ocabulary: )p>?fundamental ( important

headways ( progress, strides

:cientists are ma&ing headwaysin many technological fields such as biotechnology and cellular phones

technology.

Branches of Science and Technology 'athe'atics

robotics phsics

che'istrengineering biotechnolog

-echnology is applied science. It focuses on designing tools and systems for practical purposes whereas

science focuses on general &nowledge by investigating natural phenomena.

5he 0imple 6ast 5ense( )review

/hen I returnedhome from wor&, I decided to watch -!. I tookthe remote controller and appedto my

favourite channel. @ut, the electricity went off a short time later. I tookmy mobile phone and calledmy

friend to help me fix the problem. He wasbusy on his computer sending and replying to e%mails or chatting. I

couldn!tuse the vacuum cleaner to clean the carpet, so I hadto ta&e a brush and do it manually. I couldn!t

use the microwave oven to heat my dinner and wasobligedto have cold. After dinner, I couldn!tuse the

dishwasher and again, with my own hands, I washedall the dishes.

Making and responding to co#plaints about be%avior

COMPLAININ

APOLOI!IN

ACCEPTIN"#E$USINAPOLOIES

0orry to say it) but you.

8nough is enough7

+!m not satisfied with the way you

+!ve been patient long enough) but

+ just don!t know how to say it) but

+!m afraid + have to make a serious complaint.

h. +!ve got a bit of a problem hereB you see...

0orry to bother you) but

?ook) +!m sorry to trouble you) but

+ do apologise.

0orry about that.

+!m very sorry.

+!m awfully sorry.

+!m terribly sorry.

0orry to hear that.

h) dear. +!m really sorry.

+ just don!t know what to say.

+!m sorry. + didn!t realie.

+ can!t tell you how sorry + am.

+t!s .

ever mind.

+t!s not important.

Don!t worry about it.

+ see no reason why + should.

Science Technolog

y


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:usan( + wish you wouldn!tma&e so much noise when I#m busy wor&ing.

-om( h) +!m terribly sorry7 + didn!t realieyou were wor&ing.

Hamid( +!m sorry to say this) butI really didn#t li&e the way you tal&ed to your mother.

7ohn( h) +!m awfully sorry. + didn!t realieI was so rude.

@arbara( I was waiting for you in the coffee shop but you didn#t come.

:teve( +!m awfully sorry, darling. I really forgot it.

@arbara( Don!t worry about it.

:teve( Another time perhaps.

At a hotel

A( 8,cuse me) butthere is a problem with the heating in my room.

@( 0orry to hear thatB I#ll get someone to chec& it for you.

Man( +!m afraid + have to make a complaint. :ome money has gone missing from my room. =eceptionist( We!re terribly sorry, sir.

Expressing Certainty and Uncertainty (p56)

86E800+0 @ C8E5A+53 86E800+0 @ FC8E5A+53

undoubtedly G crystal clear G no one can deny G

won!t be G are sure G certainly G must be

may Gcould G might G unlikely > probably G + doubt

if > +t!s improbable that..>+ think 4guess etc

E!pressing certainty:2ere are some phrases you can when you are sure that something will not happen in the future.

@or e,ample) to the 9uestion < Do you think that scientists will find a cure to A+D0 in the near

future"=) you may respond as follows:

3es

I#m

absolutely sure

6uite sure

certain

positive

they will.

definitely.

certainly.

of course.

Expressing uncertainty:

When you are not sure whether something will happen in the future) you can use these useful phrases:

2o,

I#m

absolutely sure

6uite sure

certain

positive

they won#t.

definitely not.

certainly not.

absolutely not.

#e%ecting a co&'laint

()ell, I*& afraid there*s nothing +e can do ao-t it act-ally.(I*& afraid there isn*t &-ch +e can do ao-t it.


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/ell,

it#s possible.

there might be.

it could happen.

it#s not possible. + suppose but

I wouldn#t li&e to say for certain.

I#m not really sure.

I doubt it.

I have my doubts.

it#s doubtful.

it#s highly unli&ely.it#s improbable.you never &now of course.

no one can say for certain.

@unctional meaning of modals(must( certainty, obligation, ) ??D necessary to do something.

mustn#t( prohibition ) ??D necessary not to do something.

may( possibility B probability ) it#s about >?D possible

might( possibility ) less than >?D possible

needn#t( ) lac& of necessity

should( advice ) it#s a good idea

shouldn#t( ) it#s a bad idea

can#t ( impossibility

hen * leave school * #aygo to a ,niversit of science or * can even get a -ob at a laborator.This #ust bethe laborator / there are instr,'ents and prod,cts of scientific research.*0ll probablyco'e bac to see the 'anager net 3ee if * a' free.* t%ink 0 guessthe are going to offer 'e a -ob as * have the ideal profile.The 3ill certainlyintervie3 'e abo,t ' past eperience as the ,s,all do.* guess 0 t%ink their 3ages are high and their technolog is advanced.* certainly3ill en-o 'self 3oring in this laborator * a' fond of science and technolog.5o'p,ters are likelyto replace teachers in a fe3 ears0 ti'e.It&s positive t%atthe proble' of ,ne'plo'ent 3ill be solved if drastic 'eas,res are taen.I betthe rate of illiterac in o,r co,ntr 3ill decrease in the net decade.e needn&traise taes. e have 'ade a lot of 'one o,t of phosphates sales this ear.

PAST TENSE: si&'le and contin-o-s (review)

$%rasal verbs (pages 676)

b,'p ,p: increaset,rn do3n: (1) ref,se an offer re-ect an application. She t,rned do3n the ne3 -ob beca,se shedidn0t 3ant to 'ove.t,rn do3n: (2) lo3er the vol,'e or intensit of a T9 radio or other 'achine. *0' st,ding;lease t,rn do3n the T9.p,t do3n: ins,lt 'ae so'eone feel st,pidease off: red,ce press,re

loo for3ard to: be ecited abo,t the f,t,re

*'as %avingl,nch in a s'all resta,rant near the office. She'as sittingat a table near the3indo3. *'ondered3h she'as lookingat 'e. ingl bea,tif,l.?c,se 'e0 she said. ?#ave o, got a pen=0


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$%rasal verbs 2 (p68)progress along behind thro,gh onco'',nication across thro,gh over bet3eenrelationships together ,pgetting involved in an activit in intoignoring proble's aro,nd aside off

@ pro-ect 3or is co#ing alongnicel.*0ve fallen be%ind3ith ' 3or.

e sailed t%roug%o,r ea's. e learnt a lot before the ea's.A,st keep on. &o, have been doing a good -ob.Bet0s all)oin in3hen * sing the @oroccan !ational Cnthe'.hen * can get into' 3or * reall en-o it.* can0t'ork roundthis proble'.e need to put asideo,r differences.* laug%ed offhis criticis'.e got toget%erin o,r first ear at this school.The 3hole gro,p rallied toget%erto protest against child labo,r.T3o st,dents fro' each class pair upto prod,ce a short pla.* don0t see' to be able to get t%roug%to the'.The 'essage ca#e overclearl.

So'ething interesting passed bet'een the'.She eased offthe accelerator to let the car slo3 do3n.

Reading: (pages 7D71)

C: hat did "raha' Eell invent=E: #e invented the telephone.

To do an -ob 3ell reF,ires hard 3or perseveranceand the abilit to foc,s on o,r ai's 3itho,tbeing distracted.perseverance: deter'ination

Cbdellah: hat 3o,ld o, lie to be in the f,t,re=#abiba: *0d lie to be a laboratorial.

1IT 78o#en and $o'er

@an people are activel involved in 'an @oroccan non9govern#ental organi:ations.The ;alestinians have been strugglingfor their independence since 1G48.to str,ggle: to fight@eria' 5hadid 3as the first 3o'an to set footon the Cntarctica 3here she patrioticall andpro,dl raised @orocco0s flag.

!a3al Cl'o,ta3ail is a U!*5% good'illa'bassador.

o'en have de'onstrated considerable leadership in co'',nit as 'ell as in p,blic office.@oroccan r,ral 3o'en need ed,cation as 'ell ashealth care.3o'ever the still s,ffer fro' negative stereotping.$,r district has been short of 3ater for abo,t si 'onths no3. 3o'ever nothing has been doneabo,t so far.Along 'it%being b,s 3ith her professional career Hari'a 'anages her fa'il life.ot only;**but;**also;**@oroccan 3o'en0s 'aga>ines are not onlycritici>ed for being elitist but alsofor foc,sing on,rban iss,es.d,cated 3o'en have a big infl,ence on societ. Moreover the contrib,te to the 3elfare of their

fa'ilies.d,cated 3o'en loo after their ho,ses. The also3or o,tside their ho'es.


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Despitespending ',ch ti'e at 3or 3oring 3o'en are able to perfectl 'anage theirho,seholds.In spite ofthe efforts 'ade b the govern'ent to alleviate povert the proble' still persists.*t0s tr,e that a lot of 3o'en and girls in @orocco have access to ed,cation. 3o'ever their sit,ationis far fro' perfect.Alt%oug% "lobali>ation has a positive i'pact on 3o'en0s stat,s the are still regarded as inferiorin so'e societies.#a'id taes after his father'%ereasCbdellah taes after his 'other.Regardlessof their colo,r or religion people ',st be treated eF,all.

ation provides %u#anitarian aidfor people in need especiall 3o'enand children.

1IT 7 Insig%ts

into Englis%

Asking for and giving opinion< (;lease see pD)

C,stralia is ver hot in


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Reported 4peec%uestions< 3ere are so#e c%angest%at #ay to be #adeing cold todaL@ @,' co'plained abo,t the free>ing cold.K"o on &o,0ll never have another chance to visit SpainLThe travel agent enco,raged 'e to visit Spain.K#,rr ,pLThe head'aster ordered 'e to h,rr ,p.Khere #assan To3er please=L#e ased 'e 3here #assan To3er is.Kualified people to return

to t%eir countries by creating a good 'orking environ#ent and #ore attractiveopportunities for t%eir


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graduates and researc%es to stop or at least to reduce t%is p%eno#enon*Janet< I s%are your vie'*

MA@IG RE1E4T4 AD /""ER4< (p8O)

P;RSS*!" RQUSTS RS;$!


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*t see's apparentlCs a res,lt of this conseF,entl%or this reason therefore*t is eas to appreciate M grasp M see that ,nderstandabl*t certain that ,ndo,btedl

CA14E AD E""ECT< (p 86)

B* Cause Effect

ca,ses

6 res,lts iny

leads to is responsible for is the leading ca,se of

2* Effect Cause

is ca,sed bis d,e to

5 is the res,lt of 6 res,lts fro'

E!a#plese.


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$ositive e#otions

a',se'ent / pleas,re / happiness I -o / f,n / 'erri'ent /-,bilation /opti'is' /cheerf,lness /gaiet / lightIhearted I

egative e#otions

sorro3 / sadness / pessi'is' / grief /loneliness / anger /depression / 'iser /bitterness / boredo' / tension / do3nIheartedness

hen ' father la,ghs his 'o,th stretches al'ost fro' ear to ear.

Bife no3adas is 'ore en-oable than it 3as in the past.Khat 3as the pla lie=L K"reat e en-oed it ver ',ch. e had lots of f,n.LK


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C'al: hat 3as esterda0s antiIglobalisation rall lie=

Sali': So'e angr bos clashed 3ith the police

C'al: I can&t believe it* hope there 3eren0t an cas,alties

Sali': %ort,natel there 3eren0t.

1IT ? CITIE43I$

C: ho and 3hen 3ere the lrics of the @oroccan !ational Cnthe' 3ritten b=E: The 3ere 3ritten b Cli Salli in 1GD.C:


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Baila %ad tosta at ho'e esterda to loo after her sister0s bab.

C: here is C'al= E: * don0t Hno3 for certain. She#ig%t be 'orkingon her pro-ect.

Vocabulary: US*!" C%%*PCT*$!S: ( Please see the guide on pages 111 and 11 for more examples)

PREFFIX MEANIN EXAMP!E

re" do again # $a%& reread ' rerite

en" ma&e ' %ause to $e ' put into enlarge ' enri%h ' en%ir%le

de" remoe demotiate " de$onepre" $efore # earlier pretest ' preplan ' prehistori%

post" after post"ar * post"graduate

pro" for # in faour of pro"a$ortion ' pro"Ameri%an

anti" against anti"ar ' anti"nu%lear eapons

oer" too mu%h # ex%essiel+ oersleep ' oer"populated

under" not enough # too little underpaid ' under%oo& ' underor&ed

mis" rongl+ # $adl+ misunderstand ' mishear

self" $+ oneself self"edu%ated ' self"suffi%ient

non" not %onne%ted ith # not non"goernmental ' non"iolen%e

ex" former ex"president ' ex"ife

su$" under su$marine ' su$a+ ' su$marine%o" together # ith %o"manage ' %o"author

$i" to # ti%e $ilingual ' $iannual

out" more than # outdo another outnum$er ' outeigh

h+per" er+ # a$oe # oer h+per"%riti%al ' h+per"sensitie

auto" of or $+ oneself # self autograph ' auto$iograph+

E!a#plesens%ipoften i'plies 3oring to3ards the better#entof one0s co'',nit.@orocco is a 'e'ber of the *sla'ic organi>ation.*n 1G6O the @oroccan people did not accept the replace#entof S,ltan @oha''ed 9 b theunpop,lar Een Crafa hose reign 3as illegiti'ate.Bast 3ee * read the autobiograph of ' favo,rite pla3right.@orocco recovered its politicalindependenceon @arch 2 1G67.;assengers ',st fastentheir belts before the planes tae off land do3n.The st,dents ased the teacher to si'plifythe instr,ctions for the'.@ friend C'ina decorated her bedroo' bea,tif,lly.

The freedo' of speech de'ocrac collaborationand happinessare so'e of the val,es &assinebelieves in.5atch: 1. attractive or appealing C catch idea for a T9 series.

2. easil re'e'bered C song 3ith a catch t,ne. O. tric deceptive C catch F,estion on an ea'.

8ritingmailed.

We could inform you about your visa application either by e>mail or phone.

3ou could be informed about your visa either by e>mail or by phone.

We can only process complete applications for admission.

nly complete applications can be processed for admission.

We speak Arabic in -orocco.Arabic is spoken in -orocco.


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5he father drives his children to school every day.

5he children are driven to school every day by the father.

adia decorated the bedroom beautifully.

5he bedroom was decorated beautifully by adia.

5he mechanic is repairing my brother!s car.

-y brother!s car is being repaired by the mechanic.

5hey are building new schools in our village.

ew schools are being built in our village.

-y mother was cooking lunch when + got home yesterday.

?unch was being cooked by my mother when + got home yesterday.

5hey have taken the injured man to the hospital.

5he injured man has been taken to the hospital.

5he maid had done the housework before we arrived.

5he housework had been done by the maid before we arrived.

Unit 3 Ticket 2 Englis%

Dialogue< Advice please

C: 5an0t o, see children ding=

E: hat do o, thin * sho,ld do=C: * thin o, sho,ld help the'.

E: hat do o, s,ggest to help these children=

C: @a be o, sho,ld help feeding the' and c,ring their illness.

E: hat 3o,ld o, do in this sit,ation=

C: *f * 3ere o, * 3o,ld participate in b,ilding shelters and hospitals for the'.

He asks me if I can do it

Reporting state#ents( >uestions and co##ands in t%e present and t%e past

ECiti$enship includes civic virtues and duties,F the teacher always states.

-he teacher always states that citi$enship includes civic virtues and duties.

E/hat is fairness1 :ome students as& the teacher.

:ome students as& their teacher what fairness is.

EAlways express your gratitude,F my mother often reminds me.

My mother often reminds me toalways e,pressmy gratitude.


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EHow do you define a good citi$en1F, @rahim as&ed his friend.

@rahim asked his friend how he defineda good citi$en.

EIs civility similar to politeness1F, @rahim wonders.

@rahim wondersifcivility issimilar to politeness.

E=esponsibility means being in charge of our choices and our lives.F

-he 6uote states thatresponsibility means being in charge of our choices and our lives.

E/hat does fairness involve1F

:tudents asktheir teacher what fairness involves.

E8airness involves issues of e6uality and impartialityF

-he teacher replies thatfairness involves issues of e6uality and impartiality.

E2ever 'udge others without prior &nowledge. 7udge them only on their character, abilities and conduct.F

He always warnsthem not to 'udge others without prior &nowledge, and to 'udge them only on their

character, abilities and conduct.

Eid you watch yesterday#s show about citi$enship1F

My friend wants to know ifI watched yesterday#s show about citi$enship.

E8ill in this application form to become a member.F

A member of the association told the volunteerto fill in the application form to become a member1

EHow can help in sensiti$ing people to become good citi$ens1F

-he volunteer wanted to knowhow he could help in sensiti$ing people to become good citi$ens.

Eon#t underestimate voluntary wor&.FHe advised the audiencenot to underestimate voluntary wor&.

EA lot of people participated in the campaign.F

2e reported thata lot of people had participated in the campaign.

EI will participate in a conference on citi$enship.F

Ann told #etty thatshe would participate in a conference on citi$enship.

EAre you invited there1F

@etty asked Annwhether she was invited there.

EHow long are you going to stay there1F

:he wanted to knowhow long she was going to stay there.

E"lease, bring me a copy of the annual report.F

:he begged her tobring her a copy of the annual report.

Read t%is e!cerpt fro# @ofi Anna&s speec% and notice t%e c%anges*


27/36

1

A spokesperson of t%e 1 %as reported @* Annan&s speec%* 4tudy and notice t%e c%anges*

ofi Annan said that leadership wasneeded more than it had been G? years before. He added that in

those days, the security of every one of us waslin&ed to that of everyone else. He stated that global

solidarity wasboth necessary and possible. He also stressed that powerful states hada special

responsibility to ta&e account of global views and interests. He insisted that they couldonly do all

these things by wor&ing together 8inally, he declared that they had achievedmuch since +>,

but much remainedto be done the day after.

F+5 M +nternational rganiations

$CA#F?AE3:

5he following acronyms stand for:

F N the nited 2ationsF80C N -he 2 Jducational, :cientific and Cultural ;rganisation

F+C8@ N -he 2 Children#s Jmergency 8und

F2CE N -he 2 high Commissioner for =efugees

W2 N World Health ;rganisation

@2 N 8ood and Agriculture ;rganisation

+CEC N International Committee of the =ed Cross K Crescent

5+ N -ransparency International

A+ N Amnesty International

W5 N /orld -rade ;rganisation

DW@ N octors /ithout 8rontiers

-he nited 2ations was established in the +?s to maintain international peace and security.

According to its charter, member states are supposed to refrain from the use of force against other

member states. -his document also calls on countries to settle bilateral disputes by peaceful means.

5hat is to say, international discords should be solved by diplomacy and negotiations. Any

violations of this principle can result insevere economic and political sanctions. -he 2 has a

court in -he Hague )Holland whose function is to look intoconflicts between countries.

Amnesty +nternationalis an independent pressure group. It campaignsfor the release of

imprisoned or maltreated people because of their political or religious beliefs. -he movement was

foundedin G and has its head9uartersin London. Amnesty International has a networkof

voluntary local groups and individual members throughout the world. -o &eep its independence

from governmental influence, AI is financed by donationsand benevolent contributions. AI#s

activities include campaigns and lobbyingfor political and religious freedom.

-o achieve security in the world, populations must be protected from genocide, war crimes, ethnic

cleansing and crimes against humanity.

-hrough solidarity, countries can be stable and secure.

"oor countries should benefit from the world#s wealth as much asrich countries.


28/36

1

1IT Advances in 4cience and Tec%nology

C/DITI/AF T5$E H 8I43E4

Rule< Conditional type H

"/RM 14E E6AM$FE

*f + past perfect + 3o,ld have +

past participle

To describe hpothetical

conditions in the past and the

res,lts that the speaer i'agines

3ere possible

*f the leaders %ad been3iser

the 3ar'ouldn&t %ave broken

o,t.

Rule< 8is%es

@E- F08 8A-6?8

I wish K wished K If only 9 past participle

-o express past wishes

-o express regret

My grandfather wishes he had had a cell

phone in his childhood.

If only there hadn#t been many victims in

the second world war.

Te!t: If I %ad ti#e( I 'ould %ave done it

K@ brother Aa'al 3on a national a3ard for his latest scientific invention. e celebrated it last night. C

lot of people ca'e. e had a lot of food. Unfort,natel * ate so ',ch that * had a sto'achIache. *

co,ldn0t get ,p in the 'orning beca,se * didn0t sleep earl. * didn0t go to school. * 'issed several lessons.

* didn0t do the test. The teacher gave 'e a bad 'ar beca,se * forgot to do ' ho'e3or.L

If 7amal hadn!t eatena lot, he wouldn!t have hada stomach%ache.

+fhe had slept early, he could have got upin the morning.

He wouldn!t have missedseveral lessons if he had goneto school.

+fhe had goneto school, he would have donethe test.

-he teacher wouldn!t have givenhim a bad mar& if he had donethe homewor&.

+ wish + hadn!t eatenso much last night. I felt terrible then.

+f + hadn!t eatenso much last night, I wouldn!t have feltterrible.

+ wishmy father had boughtme computer last year. I could be a programmer then.

+f my father had boughtme a computer last year, I could have beena programmer then.

Health authorities wishpeople got immunied. -hey could improve their health then.

"eople could have improvedtheir health if theyhad got immunied.

2abil wisheshis satellite receiver hadn!t stoppedwor&ing. He could watch the live conference about the

nuclear danger on the environment.


29/36

1

2abil could have watchedthe live conference about the nuclear danger on the environment ifhis satellite

receiver hadn!t stoppedwor&ing.

Dialogueation has a positive i'pact on @oroccan 3o'en0s sit,ation there is still fear of

losing local tradition.

Alt%oug%it 3as raining 3e 3ent o,t.

T%oug% the school is ver far fro' her village %ati'a insists on attending all her lessons.

In spite of his 3ealth Cdil does not give al's to the poor.

In spite of t%e fact t%at he is 3ealth Cdil does not give al's to the poor.

She gets higher 'ars despitest,ding in diffic,lt conditions.

In spite of being illiterate so'e 3o'en ,se the 'aga>ine0s pict,res as reso,rces for dress'aing.In spite of t%e rain 3e 3ent o,t.

In spite of t%e factthat it 3as raining 3e 3ent o,t.

Despite spending ',ch ti'e at 3or 3oring 3o'en are able to perfectl 'anage their

ho,seholds.

*t0s tr,e that a lot of 3o'en and girls have access to ed,cation. 5et their sit,ation is far fro'

perfect.

Along 'it% being b,s 3ith his professional career Rachid is a good father.

ahra has got an a3ard fro' the U!S5$ because she 3as the first to fight illiterac in her

village.

#er parents 3ere illiterate. Conse>uently the didn0t send her to school 3hen she 3as o,ng.%o,ad is not only good at volleball but he is also a fantastic handball plaer.

#elen Heller 3as a 3o'an of l,'ino,s intelligence high a'bition and great acco'plish'ent. In

addition she devoted her life to helping others.

@oroccan 3o'en need ed,cation as 'ell as health care.

o'en have de'onstrated considerable leadership in co'',nit as 'ell as in p,blic office.

3o'ever the still s,ffer fro' negative stereotping.

U!S5$ 3ors to pro'ote fields of interest suc% ased,cation science and c,lt,re.

"reenpeace 3ors to preserve the environ'ent. -esides it is an nonIprofit organi>ation.

So'e @oroccan 3o'en are illiterate. 3o'ever the benefit fro' pict,res in 'aga>ines.

d,cated 3o'en have a big infl,ence on societ. Moreover the contrib,te to the 3elfare of theirfa'ilies.

d,cated 3o'en loo after their ho,ses. The also3or o,tside their ho'es.

1IT B 4A$% *A$%

Scientists engineers e!pertsand talented ,niversit st,dents fro' poor co,ntries are flocing to

the industriali:ed3orld dra3n b the pro'ise of better salariesand 3oring conditions. E,t not

everone is happ 3ith his sit,ation. "overn'ents of so'e developing co,ntries regard the

pheno'enon as a loss of %u#an capitalthat ',st be restricted. $thers vie3 the sit,ation 3ith

so'e opti#is#as co,ntries of origin 'ight also gain so'e benefit.

V/CA-1FAR5

te'pting: highl attractive

silled: having the abilit to perfor' a tas epertl and 3ell

,nsilled: not having special sill or training

C phsicist: an epert in phsics

inco'e: reven,e

gain: obtain so'ething needed or 3anted

The president of the orld Ean urged developing co,ntries to invest in ed,cation and econo'

and co'bat povert effectivel.


31/36

1

Cn esti'ated GDDDDD of %ig%ly skilledprofessionals entered the C'erican labo,r 'ared

bet3een 1GGD and 2DDD.

Talented professionals e'igrate to develop co,ntries to earn te#pting3ages and sec,re a better

f,t,re.

A p%ysicistis a scientist 3ho st,dies the properties and interactions of 'atter and energ in all

their for's (liF,id solid gas and plas'a).

C/FF/CATI/4retarded. 2e finds it difficult to keep up with the class.

. -y parents object to my moving homes and changing jobs now and again. 5hey!d really like me to get

married and settle down once for all.

. When + got back home from work yesterday evening) + was surprised to find out that + had left the

frontdoor unlocked. 2ow careless of me7

. 2ow!s your mother" 2as she got over from her illness or is she still in bed"

. +t took the fire fighters hours and hours to put out the fire in the forest.

. ?et!s get the work done today. + hate putting off thinks to a later time.

. 5he plane took off on time but landed 'J minutes late due to some technical problems.

. e forco'plain abo,tdeal 3ithcongrat,late on3ait forhear of M fro'

appl forob-ect tos,cceed inapprove ofabide binsist on

s,ffer fro'agree 3ithdisagree 3ithco'pl 3ithconcentrate onbe M get ,sed to

protect (sb.) fro'3arn (sb.) against M abo,tarrest sb. %orattrib,te sth. toetc.

E!a#ples


36/36

$,r neighbo,r0s da,ghter is ecellent at all s,b-ects. #er 'other is pro,d of her.@ sister is reall een on plaing the piano.K*s there anthing o,0re allergic to=L The doctor ased the patient.@ost people living in r,ral areas are pessi'istic abo,t the f,t,re. The feel the sit,ation is getting3orse.Aac 3as acc,sed of stabbing his 3ife to death.The pilot 3as held responsible for the aircraft crash. #e insisted on landing in bad 3eatherconditions.hen 3ill o, sit for the entrance ea'ination to the fac,lt of 'edicine=

Sara is s,ffering fro' inso'nia. She0d better see a doctor.So'e Aapanese are ,sed to eating ra3 fish.@oroccan c,isine is fa'o,s for its delicio,s dishes.The st,dent apologi>ed for co'ing late.!abil 3as angr 3ith his sister beca,se she da'aged his ca'corder.Cltho,gh the ea' F,estions 3ere a bit diffic,lt Cli s,cceeded in ans3ering all of the'.

011( 2"C3

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