Date post: | 26-Nov-2014 |
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Besse Titing karmiatiMuhammad MalikSlametArik Aprilianto
WHAT IS PVC ?PVC or polyvinyl chloride is one of plastic materials
that is commonly used in daily life, such as pipes, electronic components, etc.
PVC formed from addition polymerization reaction from its monomer that is etil chloride (Vinyl Cloride Monomer). PVC is a thermoplastic polymer.
PVC’s resin is often given in powder form and it is possible in long term storage because of its resistant of oxidation and degradation.
Raw MaterialRaw Material OF PVC OF PVC Etylene Industrial salt is best to electrolyze
because of its high purity
Chloride Alkali Process EDC/VCM Process PVC Process
CHlorIDE Alkali PROCESS
The usage of NaCl to produce Cl2 by electrolyse
Chemical Reaction :NaCl + H2O NaOh + ½ H2 + ½ Cl2
EDC/VCM PROCESS Cl2 reacted with ethylene to produce
EDC (Ethyle Dichloride)EDC cracked to produce VCM and HClThrough Oxy Clorination process, HCl is re-
react to produce EDC
PVC PROCESSPVC industries use 3 plants to
produce PVC, but the process is almost the same
One of the technology is Chisso Process
THE ApliCATION OF PVCTHE ApliCATION OF PVCBuilding material, such as pipeHealth material, such as blood container
tube, cateter, hearth-liver bypass set, hemodialysis set tube, etc
Automotive product, such as : car dashboard, steering wheel cover, door trim, etc
Packaging, such as tray, toiletery, toothpaste tube, bottle, handphone accessories, container, etc
Flow ChartFlow Chart OF PVC OF PVC PRODUCTIONPRODUCTION
Raw salt
Electric
C/a plant Caustic soda (NaOH)
Clorine (Cl2)
VCM/EDC PlantEtylene EDC Raw material forVCM
VCM
PVC
Raw material forPVC
PVC Plant
Salt Salt dissolving Brine purification
Electic Electrolysis
NaOH
CHlorE Alkali CHlorE Alkali PROCESSPROCESS
Chlorine
Block Block Flow Flow EDC/VCMEDC/VCM
Chlorine
Ethylene
Oxygen/air
EDC Cracking
EDC Purification
EDC
Oxy chlorination
Direct chlorination
VCM
VCM Purification
EDC
HCl
Block Block FlowFlow proCesS proCesS OF PVCOF PVC
Catalyst & Chemicals
Fresh VCM Polymerisation
VCM Recovery
Storage & BaggingDryingDe-VCM
Water Demin
1. Polymerization Process2. VCM Stripping Process3. Drying Process4. Recovery Process of VCM5. Storage and Bagging Process
PolPolyymerimerizzaattiion processon processWater Demin incomeVCM incomeHeating and reactionSlurry ekstractionSecondary Recovery CPM
to reduce VCM content in PVC product to 1 ppm
DryingDrying consist of 2 processDrying 1 : drying PVC with 2 phase of
fluidizationDrying 2 : continue with pneumatic
drying and then with fluidization
In this process, VCM that is not reacted is recovered and recycled into polymerization reactor for further process
Storage Storage andand bagging baggingPVC product is being kept temporarily in silo
product and then packed in bag or container
Polymerization degree Bulk Density Particle size Volatile matter Colour/appearance VCM residue Fish Eye (FE)
PolPolyymerimerizzaation degreetion degreeis an important factor because of its influence to the characteristic of product. The highest the polymerization temperature, the lower the polymerization degree
adaptable of bulk density is needed because of its fluctuation can rise problems in processing and handling
PartiParticle sizecle size Particle size is need to be controlled.
Things that influence particle size :Amount of suspending agent that is
added in reactionDissolved oxygen in water
Amount of volatile matter must lower then 0.3 wt %
Foreign matterForeign matterThe amount of foreign matter in product
must less than 30 pcs/100 g PVC
Colour is controlled by putting powder sample and standard resin on top of a white kent paper and then compare the white colour between sample and standard resin
VCMVCM residue residueMust less than 10 ppm. Things that influence
the existing of residue are :De-monomer capacityStripping column condition