Basic Issues in Agriculture

Agriculture Sector is changing the Agriculture Sector is changing the socio-economicsocio-economic environments of the environments of the population due to population due to liberalization and liberalization and globalizationglobalization

About 75% peopleAbout 75% people are living in rural areas and are living in rural areas and are still are still dependent on Agriculture. About 43% dependent on Agriculture. About 43% of India’s geographical area of India’s geographical area is used for is used for agricultural activityagricultural activity

Agriculture continues to play a major role in Agriculture continues to play a major role in Indian EconomyIndian Economy

Indian Agriculture

Indian Agriculture

Provides about 65% of the livelihood Accounts for 27% of GDP Contributes 21% of Total Exports, and Supplies

Raw materials to Industries Growth Rate in production - 5.7% Food grains production – 211.17 mt mt

India’s position in world AgricultureIndia’s position in world Agriculture RankRank

Total Area SeventhTotal Area Seventh Irrigated Area FirstIrrigated Area First Population SecondPopulation Second Economically Active population SecondEconomically Active population Second Total Cereals ThirdTotal Cereals Third Wheat SecondWheat Second Rice SecondRice Second Coarse grains FourthCoarse grains Fourth Total Pulses FirstTotal Pulses First Oil Seeds SecondOil Seeds Second Fruits and Vegetables SecondFruits and Vegetables Second Implements (Tractors) Third Implements (Tractors) Third Milk FirstMilk First Live Stock (castles, Buffaloes) FirstLive Stock (castles, Buffaloes) First

Agricultural Resources

Total Geographical Area (TGA) - 329 M.H Potential for Biological Production - 265 M.H Net Sown Area (NSA) - 143 M.H Net Irrigated Area - 56 M.H Area threatened by land degradation - 50% of TGA Drought-prone Area - 190 M.H

Mile Stones in Agricultural Mile Stones in Agricultural DevelopmentDevelopment

Green Revolution (1968)Green Revolution (1968) Ever-Green Revolution (1996)Ever-Green Revolution (1996) Blue Revolution (water, fish)Blue Revolution (water, fish) White Revolution (Milk)White Revolution (Milk) Yellow Revolution (flower, edible)Yellow Revolution (flower, edible) Bio-Technology RevolutionBio-Technology Revolution ICT RevolutionICT Revolution

Development of Indian Agriculture : Basic Issues

Revitalization of Cooperative Institutions Improving Rural Credits Research, Education & Extension Human Resources Development Trade & Export Promotion Land Reforms Enabling Environment for higher

Agricultural Growth

The thrust areasThe thrust areas::

Diversification of Agriculture Inter-cropping Micro Management Water Management Organic Farming Agri-Clinics and Agri-business Centres Bio-Technology

Efforts on Policies, strategies and Efforts on Policies, strategies and FrameworksFrameworks

National Agriculture Policy (2000) National Seeds policy (2002) Cooperative Policy Agricultural Price policy Agricultural Extension Framework (2001) WTO/GATT agreement (1994) In addition to, various working groups, taskforces, In addition to, various working groups, taskforces,

mid-term appraisalsmid-term appraisals andand plan schemes (~68)plan schemes (~68) (for further details www.agricoop.nic.in)(for further details www.agricoop.nic.in)

ReportsReports

Agriculture Credit, Cooperation and Crop Horticulture Development including Spices Aromatic and

Medicinal Plants and Plantation Crops Agriculture Infrastructure/Warehousing/Rural

Godowns/Marketing/Post Harvest Management, Processing and Cold Storage, Trade and Export Promotion.

Crop Husbandry, Demand and Supply Projections and Agricultural Inputs Agriculture Research and Education

Animal Husbandry & Dairying Agriculture Statistics Watershed Development, Rainfed Farming and Natural

Resources Management |Agriculture Development in Eastern and North-Eastern India Agriculture and Allied Sectors Organic and Biodynamic Farming(for further details www.planningcommission.nic.in)

Technologies for Sustainable Agricultural Technologies for Sustainable Agricultural DevelopmentDevelopment

BiotechnologyBiotechnology Pre & post harvesting technologyPre & post harvesting technology Energy saving technologyEnergy saving technology Environment protection technologyEnvironment protection technology Information and Communication Information and Communication

technologytechnology GIS & RS technologyGIS & RS technology Internet/Intranet TechnologyInternet/Intranet Technology

Fusion of TechnologiesFusion of Technologies for Sustainable for Sustainable Development - A Synergy of Multiple Development - A Synergy of Multiple

DisciplinesDisciplines

Database TechnologyDatabase Technology Internet/Intranet TechnologyInternet/Intranet Technology GIS and Remote Sensing GIS and Remote Sensing Image Processing Image Processing GPSGPS Artificial IntelligenceArtificial Intelligence Modeling Modeling

IT led Agricultural Development

The beginning: (e-readiness)The beginning: (e-readiness) A two day conference (A two day conference (ISDA-1995 ISDA-1995 ) was held to ) was held to

assess IT Infrastructure and empowerment assess IT Infrastructure and empowerment needs for IT led development in Agriculture needs for IT led development in Agriculture Sector (one of the major recommendations Sector (one of the major recommendations was about 3% of the agriculture budget should was about 3% of the agriculture budget should be spent on Informatics Development)be spent on Informatics Development)

IT Plan for Agriculture SectorIT Plan for Agriculture Sector (AGRISNET) was (AGRISNET) was submitted to Ministry of Agriculture in submitted to Ministry of Agriculture in 19971997 to to establish establish ““Indian Agriculture on-lineIndian Agriculture on-line”” and and revised in revised in 2000.2000.

IT Applications for Agricultural Development IT Applications for Agricultural Development Requires Inter-Sectoral ApproachRequires Inter-Sectoral Approach

Agricultural Research Agro-Meteorology Agricultural Marketing Agricultural Engineering &

Food Processing Agricultural Extension and

Transfer of Technology Credit and Cooperation Crop production &

protection Environment & Forest

Fertilisers and Manure Fisheries Irrigation and Drainage

System Livestock, Dairy

Development & Animal Husbandry

Rural Development & Planning

Soil and Water Management Watershed Development Wasteland Development

IT plan for AgricultureIT plan for Agriculture

To strengthen IT in Agriculture and creation of Databases & Information Network for Agriculture Sector :-

The plan was divided into three schemes by DAC

Central Sector Schemes proposed

DAC Hqrs

Networking of DAC Field Units (DACNET)

State & District and Sub-District level (AGRISNET)

Present Status of IT Scheme (s) of DAC:Present Status of IT Scheme (s) of DAC:

Various Components emerging as one scheme:Various Components emerging as one scheme:

IT apparatus in DAC Hqrs.IT apparatus in DAC Hqrs. IT apparatus in the Field offices and Directorates IT apparatus in the Field offices and Directorates

of DAC (DACNET) Phase IIof DAC (DACNET) Phase II Development of Agricultural Informatics and Development of Agricultural Informatics and

CommunicationCommunication Agricultural Resources Information Agricultural Resources Information SystemSystem IT apparatus for States/UTs (AGRISNET) andIT apparatus for States/UTs (AGRISNET) and Agricultural Marketing Information Network Agricultural Marketing Information Network

(AGMARKNET) Phase II(AGMARKNET) Phase II

Information Systems Requirement in Information Systems Requirement in AgricultureAgriculture

GIS/RS based SystemsGIS/RS based Systems:: Soil and Land useSoil and Land use Watershed developmentsWatershed developments Disaster managementDisaster management Cropping systemsCropping systems Agriculture Resources InformationAgriculture Resources Information Organic farming (bio-fertilisers)Organic farming (bio-fertilisers) Crop weather watch Crop weather watch

Decision Support SystemsDecision Support Systems Integrated Nutrient ManagementIntegrated Nutrient Management Integrated Pest ManagementIntegrated Pest Management Demand-Supply Projections Demand-Supply Projections Soil-Water balanceSoil-Water balance Credit Management Credit Management Inter-cropping systemsInter-cropping systems Bio-fertilizer managementBio-fertilizer management Early Warning SystemEarly Warning System

E-Commerce Applications

Agri-Business (Agri-clinics and Agri-Business Centres) Agricultural Marketing Agricultural Trade Cooperatives Horticulture (horticulture, floriculture, sericulture, aquaculture etc,. )

Organic farming Agriculture Statistics

Ongoing ICT Projects of DACOngoing ICT Projects of DAC

DACNET (dacnet.nic.in) AGMARKNET (agmarknet.nic.in) PPIN (cib/rc) (cibrc.nic.in) VISTARNET AGRICULTURAL CENSUS NADAMS (National Agricultural Drought

Advisory and Management Systems) HORTNET

Projects Under Pipeline:

AGRISNET AgRIS (Resources Information System) Development of Agricultural Informatics DACNET (phase – II) AGMARKNET (Phase – II) Agricultural Census 2000-2001Agricultural Census 2000-2001