Natural ScienceBASICS
3 PRIMARY
Natural Science Basics 3 is a collective work, conceived, designed and created by the Primary Education department at Santillana Educación, S. L., under the supervision of Teresa Grence Ruiz.
WRITERS Elena Alfonso Aurora MoralHawys Morgan
ILLUSTRATION Jordi BaezaLluís CadafalchAlberto PieruzJosé Zazo
EDITORS Ros Walford
BILINGUAL PROJECT COORDINATION Margarita España Villasante
Do not write in this book. Do all your activities in your notebook.
Contents
Let's begin! .............................................................. 7
Unit 1. My body and health ................................. 11
Unit 2. Healthy food ............................................. 19
Unit 3. Animals ..................................................... 29
Unit 4. We study animals ..................................... 39
Unit 5. Matter and materials ................................ 47
Unit 6. Energy and machines ............................... 56
My picture dictionary ............................................ 67
Units Topics Key words Let's talk!
Let's begin! • Our body• Animals• Matter, energy and machines
animal bodyenergy machine
matternutrition processes properties
relationship renewable reproduction sensitivity
What is…? / What are…?They are...It is…
1. My body and health • The human body• The stages of life• Healthy habits• Leisure and rest
abdomenadolescenceadulthoodcharacteristics
childhood hygiene limbnewborn
old ageposturethoraxtrunk
I like to…I usually…It is healthy / unhealthy because…
2. Healthy food • Nutrients• A healthy diet• Healthy eating habits• Health problems
allergycarbohydrate fat gluten
hygiene intolerance malnutritionminerals
nutrients obesityproteinvitamins
What can they eat?They can eat… / They can't eat…?
3. Animals • The life process of animals• Vertebrates and invertebrates• Mammals • Birds and reptiles• Amphibians and fish• Invertebrates
amphibianbirdcarnivorefish
herbivore mammalomnivoreoviparous
reproductionreptilesensitivity viviparous
What type of…?Do they…?
4. We study animals • Animal observation• Terrestrial animals• Aquatic animals• Identify animals
aquatic binoculars field guidefield notebook
fly identification key jumpmagnifying glass
slither swimterrestrialwalk
How do these animals…?They…
5. Matter and materials • Matter and its properties• States of matter• Changes in matter• Materials
colour hardness kilogram litre
man-mademass matternatural
shine smell substancevolume
Which one has…?This one has… / That one has…
6. Energy and machines • Types of energy• Energy and the environment• We save energy• Energy and machines• Machines• Machines and inventions
energyenvironment gearinvention
lever motormachinesplane
pollutionpulleyrenewable waste
Do you…?Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
My picture dictionary
Units Topics Key words Let's talk!
Let's begin! • Our body• Animals• Matter, energy and machines
animal bodyenergy machine
matternutrition processes properties
relationship renewable reproduction sensitivity
What is…? / What are…?They are...It is…
1. My body and health • The human body• The stages of life• Healthy habits• Leisure and rest
abdomenadolescenceadulthoodcharacteristics
childhood hygiene limbnewborn
old ageposturethoraxtrunk
I like to…I usually…It is healthy / unhealthy because…
2. Healthy food • Nutrients• A healthy diet• Healthy eating habits• Health problems
allergycarbohydrate fat gluten
hygiene intolerance malnutritionminerals
nutrients obesityproteinvitamins
What can they eat?They can eat… / They can't eat…?
3. Animals • The life process of animals• Vertebrates and invertebrates• Mammals • Birds and reptiles• Amphibians and fish• Invertebrates
amphibianbirdcarnivorefish
herbivore mammalomnivoreoviparous
reproductionreptilesensitivity viviparous
What type of…?Do they…?
4. We study animals • Animal observation• Terrestrial animals• Aquatic animals• Identify animals
aquatic binoculars field guidefield notebook
fly identification key jumpmagnifying glass
slither swimterrestrialwalk
How do these animals…?They…
5. Matter and materials • Matter and its properties• States of matter• Changes in matter• Materials
colour hardness kilogram litre
man-mademass matternatural
shine smell substancevolume
Which one has…?This one has… / That one has…
6. Energy and machines • Types of energy• Energy and the environment• We save energy• Energy and machines• Machines• Machines and inventions
energyenvironment gearinvention
lever motormachinesplane
pollutionpulleyrenewable waste
Do you…?Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
My picture dictionary
My body and health
1
Key words
characteristics hygienechildhood
abdomen adulthoodadolescence
limb old agenewborn
posture trunkthorax
11eleven
The human body
12 twelve
Our bodyThe human body has three parts:
The head:
• hair
• a face, with eyes, ears, nose, mouth…
The trunk:
• thorax (chest area)
• abdomen (stomach area)
The limbs:
• upper limb with arm, shoulder, hand…
• lower limb with leg, hip, foot…
ankle
forehead
hair
nose
shoulder
foot
wrist
hand
knee
thigh
hip
forearm
elbow
chin
eyecheekmouth
neck
ear
abdomen
face
thorax
hair
arms
legs
HEAD
UPPER LIMBS
LOWER LIMBS
TRUNK
1
What colour are my eyes? Your eyes are…
13thirteen
People are differentThese are some of the things that make people different:
1 What are the main parts of the body? Write in your notebook.
abdomen face
hair lower limbs
thorax upper limbs
2 LET'S TALK! What characteristics do you have? Now look at your partner's face and ask each other questions.
ACTIVITIES
Sexual characteristics
Women and men have different bodies.
Body shape
People can be broad or slim.
Height
People can be tall or short. Their height changes as they get older.
Personal traits
Each person has different characteristics, like eye colour, skin colour, the shape of their nose and the sound of their voice…
head trunk limbs
… … … …
… … … …
The stages of life
fourteen14
Your body grows and changes throughout your life. There are four main stages:
1. Childhood
Childhood is the first stage of life. Babies and children grow and change.
Newborn babies need to be looked after. They cannot walk or talk. They drink milk and grow teeth.
2. Adolescence
Between 12 and 16 years old, the body and mind change. This stage is called puberty.
Boys grow hair on their face and their voice changes.
Girls grow breasts and their body changes shape.
Teenagers become more independent.
12 16
1
fifteen
My sister is … years old.
She is…
15
1 LET'S TALK! Talk to your partner about your family. How old is each member? In which stage of life are they?
ACTIVITY
65
3. Adulthood
When you are an adult, your body is fully developed.
Adults stop growing and changes happen slowly.
People are ready to take on responsibilities. They can work and have children.
4. Old age
Elderly people become more frail and weak. Their hair turns grey.
They have more experiences, memories and knowledge. We can learn from them.
a baby.
a child.
a teenager.
an adult.
an elderly person.
sixteen
Healthy habits
16
Good postureSome habits or postures are bad for your back and can cause injuries. You need to keep your back straight.
It is important to look after your body and mind. You should exercise regularly, have a good posture and good hygiene, but also have fun and sleep well.
Good hygieneHygiene means keeping your body clean. It helps to prevent illnesses. Good hygiene includes:
• Having a shower every day.
• Washing your hands before every meal and after you go to the toilet.
• Brushing your teeth after every meal.
• Washing fresh fruit and vegetables.
ACTIVITIES
Physical exercise Exercise is essential for good health because:
• It makes your bones and muscles stronger.
• It helps you to maintain your correct weight.
• It makes your muscles more flexible.
• It helps you to relax and sleep well.
1 LET'S TALK! Why is it important to have healthy habits? Tell your partner.
Do you exercise every day? Yes, I do.
No, I don’t.
1Leisure and rest
seventeen 17
Free timeThings you do for fun in your free time are leisure activities. You can do them on your own or with other people.
Sleep
In our free time, we can enjoy different activities. We also need to rest.
ACTIVITIES
1 What leisure activities do you do? Write a list in your notebook.
2 LET'S TALK! Look at your list of leisure activities. Tell your partner which activities are healthy or unhealthy, and explain why.
With friends: playing together.
On your own: painting or reading.
Sleep helps you to recover after a long day. Children need to sleep ten hours a night.
With family: going for a walk or to the cinema.
Computer games
Playing computer games is fun, but you need to play with other people and do physical exercise too.
I like to…
I usually…
It is healthy because…
It is unhealthy because…
CHECK YOUR PROGRESS
eighteen
A
B
DC
18
1 Copy and complete the diagram.
3 Copy and complete using these words.
2 Match the letter and the stage of life in your notebook.
To be healthy you need to have healthy … . These include doing … exercise, having a good … and good …, doing … activities in your free time and sleeping well.
A good posture means keeping your back … . Good hygiene means having a … body.
To be healthy, children need to … about ten hours every night.
Human body
trunkhead limbs
upper …hair
… arm
…
…
lower ……
abdomen leg
…
…
posture – clean – physical – sleep – leisure – straight – habits – hygiene
childhood
adolescence
adulthood
old age
My picture dictionary
My body and health
abdomen
child
posture
adult
elderly
teenager
baby
limbs
thorax
68 sixty-eight
1Unit