Corpus CallosumCommunication system between left and right hemisphere.

Basal GangliaLarge muscle movement

ThalamusA relay center for sensory info, EXCEPT for smell

HypothalamusRegulate hunger, thirst, body temp., and sex drive (part of the Limbic System)

CerebellumBalance, coordination of voluntary movement, and muscle tone

PonsRelays messages between upper and lower part of the brain, controls sleep/arousal too; Part of Brain Stem

MedullaAutonomic function (heart beat, breathing, etc.) and cross laterality; Part of Brainstem

Reticular Activating SystemAwake and Alert!

HippocampusStrong info, long term memory; Part of Limbic System

Motor CortexExecute voluntary muscle movement

Sensory CortexMain area of touch

Parietal LobePain, Pressure, Touch and info from it

OccipitalVision

Frontal LobeDecision making, thinking and personality

Broca’s AreaSpeaking

Wernicke’s areaListening

TemporalListening and processing auditory info, smell, and taste

BRAIN

AmygdalaAnger, Aggression Disgust (part of the Limbic System

Nervous System

Central Nervous System (Spine, Brain) Peripheral Nervous System (All nerves coming out of CNS)

Autonomic(Involuntary)

Somatic(Voluntary)

Sympathetic(Fight Or Flight)

Hear rate upDilate Pupils

Blood Flow redirected to brain and musclesPerspire

Adrenaline Released

Parasympathetic(Calms you)

Studying the Brain

Abbreviation Full Name What Does It Do?

MRI Magnetic Resonance ImagingUsing a large magnetic field and radio waves to see

the structures of the brain

EEG ElectroencephalogramRecords electrical activity in the brain through

electrodes attached to the scalp

PET Positron Emission TomographySees brain activity through the use of a safe

radioactive form of glucose

Lesion LesionStudying the effects of experimental or natural destruction of areas of the brain.

CATComputerized Axial

Tomography An 3D x-ray image of the brain that shows structure

Important Studies and People

The Nervous System

Gazzaniga and Sperryo Studied the split brain patients, or patients with a cut Corpus Callosum. o The Corpus Callosum was cut to reduce seizures in patients with severe cases/episodes of epilepsy/seizures.o The left hemisphere of the brain controls the right side of the body/right visual fieldo The right hemisphere of the brain controls the left side of the body/left visual field

Kluver and Buceyo Lesioned the Amygdala of Rhesus Moseys… resulted in a docile monkey.

BRAIN Cont.

Cell BodyGives support and life to the neuron

DendriteReceives the messages that another neuron sends

Axon HillockBeginning of the axon

Myelin SheathProtects and helps speed up transmission

NeurotransmitterChemical that inhibits or excites action

AxonPasses the info to other neurons, muscles or glandsNodes of Ranvier

Where impulse is said to speed up

Terminal BranchesForm junctions with other cells

Rest Potential(-70 Millivolts)

Na+

K+

Na+

(-)

Polarized CellSodium is outside and Potassium and the Negative Chloride ions in the inside

K+ Na+

Na+

2. DepolarizationSodium rushes into the cell; axon becomes more positive

Na+(-)K+

K+

3. RepolarizationPotassium ions move out; the inside is become negative again

K+ K+(-)Na+ Na+

4. Refractory PeriodSodium out of cell and Potassium back in; back to normal state

Rest Potential(-70 Millivolts)

The Axon and Action Potential

Neurotransmitter Functions AssociationsAcetylcholine (ACH)**most common excitatory**

Attention, Arousal, Muscle action/movement, and Memory

Alzheimer’s

Dopamine “Feel Good”, mood emotion, arousal, learning

(-) Parkinson’s(+)Schizophrenia, cocaine

Norepinephrine Mood, Arousal, Learning (-)DepressionSerotonin**most common inhibitory**

Sleep, Hunger, Aggression (-)Depression(+)Anxiety, inhibit dreams

GABA Movement, Sleep, and Inhibit axons,

(-) Anxiety, Huntington’s Disease, Epilepsy

Endorphins Pleasure, pain relief N/A

Neuron

K+ (-)

Common Neurotransmitters