Bds design principlesbooklet-block-building

The Block, The Street & The BuildingA Comprehensive Set of Design Principles

November 2010

A Comprehensive ApproACh November 2011

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Design Principles

The Charter of the New Urbanism

19. A primary task of all urban architecture and landscape design

is the physical definition of streets and public spaces as places

of shared use.

The Block, The Street & The Building

20. Individual architectural projects should be seamlessly linked to their surroundings. This issue transcends

style.

21. The revitalization of urban places depends on safety and

security. The design of streets and buildings should reinforce safe

environments, but not at the expense of accessibility and openness.

22. In the contemporary metropolis, development must adequately

accommodate automobiles. It should do so in ways that respect the

pedestrian and the form of public space.

23. Streets and squares should be safe, comfortable, and interesting to the pedestrian. Properly configured, they encourage walking and enable neighbors to know each other and

protect their communities.

24. Architecture and landscape design should grow from local climate,

topography, history, and building practice.

25. Civic buildings and public gathering places require important sites to reinforce community

identity and the culture of democracy. They

deserve distinctive form, because their role is

different from that of other buildings and

places that constitute the fabric of the city.

26. All buildings should provide their inhabitants with a clear sense of location, weather and

time. Natural methods of heating and cooling can be more resource-efficient than mechanical systems.

27. Preservation and renewal of historic buildings, districts, and

landscapes affirm the continuity and evolution of urban society.

A Comprehensive ApproAChNovember 2011

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Design Principles

The Transect

Rib

aut Rd.

5 min. wa

lk

10 m

in. wa

lk

Boundary St.

Downtown Beaufort

Bladen St. Neighborhood

Bellamy Curve


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Design Principles

Integration

Design

Implementation

Service


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Design Principles

Block & Building DesignCivitas: The Complete City

Beautiful Streets

Civic Spaces

Meaningful Architecture

Livable Places

Principle:

Block design is an important, collaborative effort between the master plan of the neighborhood

and the architectural design. This level of design links the macro-

concepts with the micro-engineering needed to implement great urbanism.

The design process should be a seamless collaboration between

planner, architect, and engineer to ensure that the greatest spatial and experiential needs of a project are upheld by all parties involved.

Process:

–Determine the transect and design accordingly.

–Understand regional building traditions and climatic responses and

incorporate when possible.

–Incorporate local building materials such as timber, stone, brick, etc, when

available.

–Understand product mix and incorporate maximum diversity and flexibility into the buildings to promote sustainability over time.

Practice:

–Assess the natural amenities of the site and incorporate when possible.

–Determine best building for site and develop using local

materials,building traditions, and climatic responses. (ie - tall windows,

deep eaves, porches, etc)

–Provide for flexibility in work spaces and allow for agriculture/craftspaces to be incorporated into

the site.


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Design Principles

Principles of Block & Building Design

Public RealmDiversity

AccessibilityContext

FlexibilityFormal Typologies

SecurityEnvironment

Food


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Design Principles

Public RealmCreation of Civic Value

Public Spaces

Streets

Semi-Public Spaces

Private Gifts to the Street

Principle:

An authentic and meaningful public realm is a prerequisite for a true place. The ideal public realm is

defined by well designed landmarks, buildings, streets and spaces, and the sequences of interaction between them. The public realm encourages social interaction, creates economic value, and helps to organize everyday

life. True communities cannot exist without this public realm.

Process:

–Carve out spaces within each block while considering the different

functions each space might accommodate. These spaces should be designed to provide a sense of security and comfort to the user

–Consider the relationship between realms: private public/semi-public/

private realm

–Consider the elements that make up the experience of the public realm

(spaces, landmarks, etc)

–Consider foreground and background relationships and the spatial

qualities each require

Practice:

–Strive for meaningful axial relationships which engages the pedestrian to a greater whole.

–Design unique spaces which add to the experience of each place.

–Incorporate a meaningful water features to engage the pedestrian

when possible.

–Apply intentional micro design components (street furniture,

water features, infrastructure) – consider regional methods and materials to create a sense of

identity

–Incorporate appropriate local vegetation into the landscape design

(transect dependent)

–Incorporate buildings based upon appropriate form, scale, and

proportion to space, not use.

–Encourage and design -Gifts to the street- as appropriate to each

building and the spaces they define.


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Design Principles

Public Realm in Beaufort


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Design Principles

DiversityA Place For Everyone

Accommodate People of All Ages & Income

Levels

Accommodate Many Types of Families

Accommodate Many Types of Businesses

Allow Growth & Change while Remaining in the

Neighborhood

Principle:

Diversity of type is the appropriate integration of different uses and

dwelling types within a block. This diversity of type and size should occur on a block level rather than a neighborhood level. As a result,

the diversity of type will encourage diversity in others areas such as a broader user and inhabitant mix, thus fostering a more authentic and

true community

Process:

–Utilize different building types and sizes to avoid homogenous blocks

–Consider growth on lot or block with secondary units (infill/mother-

in-law)

–Consider overall project unit mix and its- relationship to the existing

neighborhood mix

Practice:

–Flexible lot lines or platting process

–Understand desired ownership models

–Understand parking requirements and configurations

–Develop the appropriate selection of flexible plans

–Consider functional requirements for added growth/density and plan

appropriately for it


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Design Principles

A mixture of unit types are arranged within this one block, including: houses, live-works, attached houses & carriage

houses.

Diversity in Beaufort


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Design Principles

AccessibilityMultiple Ways to

Get Around

Allow Diverse Modes of Transportation:

Walking, Bikes, Cars, Busses

Accommodate Service & Fire in a Reasonable

Manner

Create Healthy Communities that

encourage physical activity

Principle:

Well designed circulation for both vehicular and pedestrian activity

is a key component to good urbanism. A friendly and safe environment

for scooters, bikes, and pedestrians is equally important if not more so than a well-planned connection for cars. At the block level, a

great network of connections should contribute to the experience of place

as well.

Process:

–Analyze block and masterplan to understand fine grained circulation

patterns

–Access to parking and service areas should be well thought through

–Understand and review street sections and design intent

–Review and understand FHA and ADA requirements

–Understand any specialized use requirements such as retail.

Practice:

–Create pleasant pedestrian experience through use of mid-block

passages – transect dependent

–Integrate alley closer design techniques

–Internalize parking/service or shield with elements

–Review life- safety requirements

–Contribute specific comments for final street design and calibration

including alleys

–Block sizes should be between 1200-3000- depending on transect

(perimeter measurement)


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Design Principles

Accessibility in Beaufort

The typical streetscape in this neighborhood should be

comfortable for walkers, bikers and cars. On-street parking provides a buffer between

people and cars.


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Design Principles

ContextGrow Within

Beaufort's Existing Urban Fabric

Connect to the Existing Neighborhood

Use Historic Character as Starting Point DNA

Be Sensitive to the Existing Uses

Grow Appropriately According to Position

in the Region

Principle:

Blocks are pieces of a larger network of neighborhoods, streets, and

districts. Block design should be appropriate for its location within its overall context and transect.

Process:

–Understand the overall master plan in terms of hierarchy and sequence

of space.

–Understand any specialized use requirements such as retail.

–Analyze the building scale and transect of the surrounding area.

Practice:

–Determine appropriate foreground and background relationships.

-–Incorporate buildings into their appropriate place according to their spatial hierarchy and functional

requirements.


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Design Principles

Rib

aut Rd.

5 min. wa

lk

10 m

in. wa

lk

Boundary St.

Downtown Beaufort

Bladen St. Neighborhood

Bellamy Curve

BOUNDARY ST

EN

SEA ISLA

UNDARY STNBOUNDANBO ND T Beaufort Historic Preservation Plan Update - Contributing Bldgs.

Beaufort, South Carolina

Figure 9

Contributing Building

Non-Contributing Building

Legend

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EEENNNEEENN EN

SEA ISLAS

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Beaufort Historic PreservatiPlan Update - Contributing B

Beaufort, South Carolina

Contributing Building

Non-Contributing Building

ggend

Northwest QuadrantOld Commons

The Point

Downtown

The Bluff

Context in Beaufort


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Design Principles

FlexibilityThe Ability to

Adapt

Buildings Change in Many Ways Over Time:

Size, Use, Spatial Definition

Blocks Can Infill Gradually

Multiple and Diverse Spaces and Buildings

Principle:

Blocks should be designed with flexibility for future growth,

use, and inhabitants. They should anticipate and allow for natural

evolution over time, while seeing the present needs of the community

Process:

–Understand expansion and growth opportunities

–Understand changing use requirements

–Analyze local historic towns to understand how they have changed

and evolved over time.

Practice:

–Place utilities in a way that does not impede growth

–Design access to allow for different uses and users

–Design service/access area to commercial standards

–Build in future service/trash area for conversion to commercial use


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Design Principles

Existing Buildings

Phase 1: Infill the edges of the block

Phase 2: Infill the middle of the block

Flexibility in Beaufort


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Design Principles

Formal TypologiesSimple, Clear Forms allow Block Rhythm

& Heirarchy

Blocks & Spaces should be Defined by Building

Forms which have a Root in the Region:

eg. Charleston Sideyard, Beaufort "T"

Forms should Take Correct Proportion for

their Scale

Create Healthy Communities that

encourage physical activity

Principle:

Blocks are composed of building forms. These forms are derived

from rational, local, and regional typologies. A thorough

understanding of applicable forms should be achieved prior to block

and neighborhood design.

Process:

–A thorough precedent study should take place to determine relevant

types applicable to region, climate, and scale. Blocks are then composed

of forms based on choice of scale and proportion, not use.

Practice:

–Incorporate massing study as design tool whenever possible.

–Design rational, simple plans that function inside the chosen

forms. They should be flexible and expandable as necessary.


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Design Principles

House

Carriage House

Live-Work

Cottage

Attached House

Shopfront

Formal Typologies in Beaufort


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Design Principles

Everyone Should Feel Safe Where

They Live

Eyes on the Street: Porches, Windows, Alley Units

Defined Spaces with Good Lighting

Boundaries: Fences, Walls, Hedges & Material Changes

Activity: People should be seen and be seen watching

Vertical Enclosure: via buildings, landscaped or

fences, with good proportions

Principle:

Safety and Security are vital to all people in all conditions. Spaces should provide this feeling whether

they are public or private.

Process:

–Understand and apply good closure proportion to streets and spaces.

–Public to Private realm transition and be willing to define each

clearly.

–Cultivate ways to promote people interacting and observing streets and

spaces. -Eyes on the Street-

–Understand the security is often achieved via openness and

transparency vs. closure.

Practice:

–Provide defined edges on spaces via design of fences, walls or hedges.

–Provide windows and porches to engage streets.

–Provide mixture of uses to promote people using spaces at all times.

–Provide Multiple low level human scale street lighting.

–Small Alley units often can help control sight into /from alleys.

Security


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Design Principles

The interiors of each block create safe places for children

and families. The lanes and internal spaces have buildings fronting on them to ensure they

are closely watched.

Security in Beaufort


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Design Principles

EnvironmentLive in Harmony with the Local

Climate

Provide Outdoor Rooms Landscaped with Local

Species

Allow Buildings to Rotate to Address Sun &

Wind

Water: Run-off/Retention/Capture

Building Form Designed to Ventilate & Shade

Principle:

Sustainability at the block level promotes integration of local

climatic conditions, topography, soil conditions, and available regional materials. The block composition should consider opportunities for local food, reuse/sharing

of resources, and orientation of building forms.

Process:

–Consider heating/cooling methods for building orientation and form.

–Consider block level technologies, resources, equipment, and

infrastructure.

–Understand regional building materials and construction

techniques.

–Consider Light Imprint toolkit for managing stormwater on a block

level.

–Consider ability for dwelling units to grow and/or process food.

–Understand alternative transportation options.

Practice:

–Consider solar control methods such as south facing porches and building heights. Understand available energy

technology options and apply as appropriate.

–Place hose bibs on porches, design closets for gardening tool storage

–Limit buildings to 10 minute vertical walking distance: not to

exceed 5 stories.

–Reduce parking requirements where possible for economic and

sustainability reasons.

–Proper placement of yards and gardens with regard to necessary

sun/light needs.

–Accommodate alternative transportation options by providing

block and neighborhood transit stops, bike storage, car charging

stations, etc.


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Design Principles

This typical lot shows a house oriented with a south or

west facing porch, an outdoor space defined by the rear

outbuilding, and a fountain to capture rain water.

Environment in Beaufort


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Design Principles

FoodEat Locally

Every Unit on a Block should have the Ability to Produce & Acquire

Local Food:

Window Box, Roof Garden, Kitchen Garden, Communal Block Garden, Neighborhood Community Garden, Farmer's Market

Principle:

All people should have direct access to local food and nourishment. This should be a multiple scales and at all locations with in a transect.

Process:

–Review Food and Garden strategies on a neighborhood level. Where

can food be grown? Where can it be sold and purchased with in walking

distance?

–Block or Neighborhoods may have communal gardens in addition to

individual gardens.

–Provide each unit with some type of garden or growing area.

–Understand climate and sun demands on growing areas.

Practice:

–Provide tool storage near community garden area.

–Provide water access near community garden area.

–Reclaim roof or grey water for

garden use.

–Provide civic spaces where food can be sold and purchased such as a farmer's market or produce stand


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Design Principles

C

E

EF

F

F

E

Agricultural Plaza

A B

D

EE

E F

Plaza Key

A. Community GardenB. Market Square/parkingC. Market PlazaD. Market StoreE. Food/Craft-based Live-WorkF. Incubator food-based retail

Food in Beaufort

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