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7/24/2019 BE 4290 Class 3 Overview Engineering Methods
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Engineering methodsEngineering methods
overview, product designoverview, product designspecificationspecificationBE 4290BE 4290
September 1, 2009September 1, 2009
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Engineering design definitionsEngineering design definitions
The strategy for causing the best change in aThe strategy for causing the best change in apoory understood or uncertain situation withinpoory understood or uncertain situation withinthe avaiabe meansthe avaiabe means
The engineering method is the use ofThe engineering method is the use ofengineering heuristics to cause the best changeengineering heuristics to cause the best changein a poory understood situation within thein a poory understood situation within theavaiabe resourcesavaiabe resources
Engineering design estabishes and definesEngineering design estabishes and defines
soutions to and pertinent structures forsoutions to and pertinent structures forprobems not soved before, or probems whichprobems not soved before, or probems whichhave previousy been soved in a different way!have previousy been soved in a different way!"#! Bumrich$"#! Bumrich$
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The Four C’s of designThe Four C’s of design
CreativityCreativity %e&uires creation of something that has not e'isted before or%e&uires creation of something that has not e'isted before or
not e'isted in the designer(s mind beforenot e'isted in the designer(s mind before
ComplexityComplexity
%e&uires decisions on many variabes and parameters%e&uires decisions on many variabes and parameters ChoiceChoice
%e&uires ma)ing choices between many possibe soutions at a%e&uires ma)ing choices between many possibe soutions at aeves, from basic concepts to smaest detai of shapeeves, from basic concepts to smaest detai of shape
CompromiseCompromise %e&uires baancing mutipe and sometimes conficting%e&uires baancing mutipe and sometimes conficting
re&uirementsre&uirements
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Engineering design methodsEngineering design methods
*efinition+ Engineering design methods*efinition+ Engineering design methods
are any identifiabe way of wor)ing withinare any identifiabe way of wor)ing within
the conte't of designing "procedures,the conte't of designing "procedures,
techni&ues, aids or toos$!techni&ues, aids or toos$!
ost common design method+ -design byost common design method+ -design by
drawing.drawing.
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/ther common design methods/ther common design methods
*efine probem*efine probemathering information from customersathering information from customers
Benchmar)ingBenchmar)ing
uaity unction *epoyment "*$ pg! 93uaity unction *epoyment "*$ pg! 93
roduct *esign Specification "*S$ pg!109roduct *esign Specification "*S$ pg!109
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/ther common design methods/ther common design methods
ather informationather informationBoo)sBoo)s#ournas#ournase'pertse'perts 5nternet5nternetatentsatents
trade iteraturetrade iteratureStandardsStandardsetc!etc!
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/ther common design methods/ther common design methods
6oncept generation6oncept generationBrainstormingBrainstorming
6onceptua decomposition6onceptua decomposition
orphoogica chartorphoogica chart
Evauation of conceptsEvauation of conceptsugh concept seection methodugh concept seection method
*ecision matricies*ecision matricies
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5nfo on methods5nfo on methods
The methods isted under the -The methods isted under the -definedefine
problemproblem. are contained in *ieter, 6hapter. are contained in *ieter, 6hapter
77
Gathering information from customersGathering information from customers,,
cients, and8or community partners can becients, and8or community partners can be
done through interviews, focus groups,done through interviews, focus groups,
customer surveys, and anaysis ofcustomer surveys, and anaysis of
customer compaints and concerns!customer compaints and concerns!
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*efining the probem*efining the probem
Benchmarking Benchmarking is a method for measuringis a method for measuring
a company(s operations against the besta company(s operations against the best
companies inside and outside the industry!companies inside and outside the industry!
ou search for industry -best practices.ou search for industry -best practices.
that ead to superior performancethat ead to superior performance
The benchmar) is a reference point fromThe benchmar) is a reference point from
which to ma)e comparisonswhich to ma)e comparisons
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Benchmar)ing methodBenchmar)ing method
SelectSelect the product, process or functiona area of the company thatthe product, process or functiona area of the company thatis to be benchmar)edis to be benchmar)ed
IdentifyIdentify )ey performance)ey performance metricsmetrics that wi be measured and usedthat wi be measured and usedfor comparison "number of parts produced, estimated product cost,for comparison "number of parts produced, estimated product cost,rate of return, customer satisfaction, etc$rate of return, customer satisfaction, etc$
IdentifyIdentify thethe best in classbest in class companies for each product or process tocompanies for each product or process tobe benchmar)ed! : best in cass company is one that performs thebe benchmar)ed! : best in cass company is one that performs theprocess at the owest cost and highest degree of customerprocess at the owest cost and highest degree of customersatisfaction, or has the argest mar)et share of product type!satisfaction, or has the argest mar)et share of product type!Search is broad, shoud incude companies in same industry be maySearch is broad, shoud incude companies in same industry be maybe different industries!be different industries!
CompareCompare the best in cass products or processes with the in housethe best in cass products or processes with the in housee&uivaent using the performance metrics "identify gaps$e&uivaent using the performance metrics "identify gaps$ SpecifySpecify programs or actions to meet and e'ceed competition!programs or actions to meet and e'ceed competition!
%e&uires definitive action pan with suitabe resource commitment%e&uires definitive action pan with suitabe resource commitmentand a schedue of miestones for achieving goas!and a schedue of miestones for achieving goas!
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5n groups5n groups
;se the process <ust e'pained to start;se the process <ust e'pained to start
benchmar)ing your design or abenchmar)ing your design or a
component of your designcomponent of your design
Be prepared to report bac) in = minutes>Be prepared to report bac) in = minutes>
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QFDQFD andand DSDS+ see *ieter, pp! 93 and 109+ see *ieter, pp! 93 and 109respectivey for detaisrespectivey for detais
Both are critica for defining the probem? go overBoth are critica for defining the probem? go over
the e'ampe in chapter 7?the e'ampe in chapter 7? !athering information!athering information! ou have aready been! ou have aready been
trained in these areas in prior casses with thetrained in these areas in prior casses with thee'ception of patent searches and possibye'ception of patent searches and possiby
finding standards! See 6hapter =, *ieter forfinding standards! See 6hapter =, *ieter formore information!more information!
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Concept generationConcept generation
Brainstorming Brainstorming 6arefuy define probem8concept to be6arefuy define probem8concept to be
brainstormed on at start of pro<ectbrainstormed on at start of pro<ect
:ow = minutes for each person to thin) :ow = minutes for each person to thin)
about ideasabout ideas
Team e'ercise+ @rite ideas on post it notesTeam e'ercise+ @rite ideas on post it notes
and pace on waand pace on wa/nce you(ve e'hausted ideas, try using the/nce you(ve e'hausted ideas, try using the
S6:E% chec)ist to generate more ideas+S6:E% chec)ist to generate more ideas+
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S6:E%S6:E%
SubstituteSubstitute
6ombine6ombine
:dapt :daptodify, magnify, minifyodify, magnify, minify
ut to other usesut to other uses
EiminateEiminate%earrange, reverse%earrange, reverse
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6oncept generation6oncept generation
: fina brainstorming method+ random : fina brainstorming method+ random
output! %andomy seect a word from aoutput! %andomy seect a word from a
boo) or dictionary "or randomy seect anboo) or dictionary "or randomy seect an
ob<ect$ and see if any you can find anyob<ect$ and see if any you can find any
connection between the word8ob<ect andconnection between the word8ob<ect and
the design probem!the design probem!
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Conceptual decompositionConceptual decomposition
The process of decomposing a probem intoThe process of decomposing a probem into
smaer parts that are easier to manage!smaer parts that are easier to manage!
Two ma<or approaches+Two ma<or approaches+
*ecomposition in the physica domain "physica*ecomposition in the physica domain "physicadecomposition$decomposition$+ product or subassemby is bro)en+ product or subassemby is bro)en
down into its physica componentsdown into its physica components
unctiona decompositionunctiona decomposition+ product or subassemby is+ product or subassemby is
bro)en down into its functiona components! ethod+bro)en down into its functiona components! ethod+identify the subfunctions needed to achieve overaidentify the subfunctions needed to achieve overa
function, and then identify the embodiments8methodsfunction, and then identify the embodiments8methods
to achieve each subfunction! See *ieter, pp! 222to achieve each subfunction! See *ieter, pp! 222
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Morphological chart Morphological chart
orphoogy+ study of shape and form!orphoogy+ study of shape and form!
This is a method for creating new shapesThis is a method for creating new shapes
and forms "design concepts$! *ieter, pp!and forms "design concepts$! *ieter, pp!
27=!27=!
:rranges functions and subfunctions in :rranges functions and subfunctions in
ogica order, and for each subfunction,ogica order, and for each subfunction,
ists the possibe -hows.ists the possibe -hows.
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Evaluation of conceptsEvaluation of concepts
ugh(s concept seection method+ pp! 2AAugh(s concept seection method+ pp! 2AA
*ieter *ieter
*ecision matrices*ecision matrices@eighted decision matri', pp 232@eighted decision matri', pp 232
:naytic hierarchy process ":$+ pp! 23= :naytic hierarchy process ":$+ pp! 23=
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"hat I #ant you to do as a group$"hat I #ant you to do as a group$
%ead *ieter and ma)e sure you understand%ead *ieter and ma)e sure you understand** *S*S
unctiona decompositionunctiona decompositionorphoogica chartorphoogica chart ugh(s seection methodugh(s seection method *ecision matricies*ecision matricies
6ome to cass and as) &uestions on these6ome to cass and as) &uestions on thesemethods if you need to> 5 wi go over each ofmethods if you need to> 5 wi go over each ofthese briefy but wi e'pect that you )now themthese briefy but wi e'pect that you )now themfor the e'am>for the e'am>
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/ra presentation C1/ra presentation C1
The tite of your pro<ectThe tite of your pro<ect
The probem statementThe probem statement
Bac)ground informationBac)ground information*S "preiminary$*S "preiminary$
5nitia ideas for your design5nitia ideas for your design
Everyone spea)s? 10D12 min totaEveryone spea)s? 10D12 min tota
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Two important methods in definingTwo important methods in defining
the probemthe probem*S+ product design specification*S+ product design specification
*+ &uaity function depoyment*+ &uaity function depoyment
Each shoud be an appendi' in your finaEach shoud be an appendi' in your fina
design report for BE 4290 and 4292design report for BE 4290 and 4292
These estabish your design -road map.These estabish your design -road map.
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roduct *esign Specificationroduct *esign Specification
The ma<or descriptive document for theThe ma<or descriptive document for the
design and manufacture of your product,design and manufacture of your product,
process, or systemprocess, or system
*escribes in writing the product that is*escribes in writing the product that is
intended to be manufactured andintended to be manufactured and
mar)etedmar)eted
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This documentThis document
6ontains a facts reated to the outcome6ontains a facts reated to the outcome
of product deveopmentof product deveopment
6ontains the constraints invoved in the6ontains the constraints invoved in the
designdesign
inaies the process of estabishinginaies the process of estabishing
customer needs and wants, prioritiingcustomer needs and wants, prioritiing
them, and putting them into a technicathem, and putting them into a technica
framewor)framewor)
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Sections of the DSSections of the DS
5nDuse purposes and mar)et5nDuse purposes and mar)et
unctiona re&uirementsunctiona re&uirements
6orporate constraints6orporate constraintsSocia, poitica, and ega re&uirementsSocia, poitica, and ega re&uirements
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5nDuse purposes and mar)et5nDuse purposes and mar)et
roduct titeroduct tite urpose or function product performsurpose or function product performs ;nintended uses;nintended uses
Specia featuresSpecia features Types of products that your product wi competeTypes of products that your product wi compete
with "who ma)es themF$with "who ma)es themF$ 5ntended mar)et5ntended mar)et
@hy is there a need for this productF@hy is there a need for this productF :nticipated mar)et demand :nticipated mar)et demand Target seing price and estimated retai priceTarget seing price and estimated retai price
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unctiona re&uirementsunctiona re&uirements
unctiona performanceunctiona performance Energy, materias, accuracy, etc!Energy, materias, accuracy, etc!
hysica re&uirementshysica re&uirements Sie, weight, shape, finishSie, weight, shape, finish
Service environmentService environment %ange of temp, pressure, wind, rain, sat, dirt, dust, corrosion,%ange of temp, pressure, wind, rain, sat, dirt, dust, corrosion,
shoc), vibration, noise, abuse, insect8bird damage, shef ifeshoc), vibration, noise, abuse, insect8bird damage, shef ife
Gifecyce issuesGifecyce issues
%eiabiity "mean time to faiure$, maintainabity, instaabiity,%eiabiity "mean time to faiure$, maintainabity, instaabiity,retirement, cost of operation, etc!retirement, cost of operation, etc!
uman factorsuman factors :esthetics, ergonomics, user training :esthetics, ergonomics, user training
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6orporate constraints6orporate constraints
Time to mar)etTime to mar)et
anufacturing re&uirementsanufacturing re&uirements
SuppiersSuppiersTrademar), ogo, brand nameTrademar), ogo, brand name
inancia performance "minimum %/5F$inancia performance "minimum %/5F$
6orporate ethics6orporate ethics
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Socia, poitica, and egaSocia, poitica, and ega
re&uirementsre&uirementsSafety and environmenta reguationsSafety and environmenta reguationsGist a that wi be usedGist a that wi be used
StandardsStandardsGist a that wi be usedGist a that wi be used
Safety and product iabiitySafety and product iabiity*ocumentation throughout design process,*ocumentation throughout design process,
carefu design of warning abescarefu design of warning abesatents and inteectua propertyatents and inteectua property :void infringement :void infringement