Becoming a Humanitarian Aid

Worker, Part II: A Closer Look

Astrid Kersten, PhD, MPIA, GPHR, SPHR

Mohammed Sidky, PhD, MPIA

Final Project – Proyecto Kalu MICHA

Becoming a Humanitarian Aid (HA)WorkerI. What does it take to be a HA Worker?II. Understanding the field of HAIII. How to become a HA worker?

Part 1: Introduction to the Field

3 areas of professional specialization: I. Food and food securityII. Emergency educationIII. Water and water management

Part 2: A Closer Look

I. . Food (In)Security - Overview

1. Humanitarian Aid in Food & Hunger Definitions 2 aspects of HA foor action

2. Food insecurity Assorted facts

3. Initiatives and Reports L’Aquila Food Security Initiative Charter to End Extreme Hunger Millennium Development Goals

4. Case Example

5. Resources on Food (In)Security

1. Humanitarian Aid in Food & Hunger

Definition of Food Security: (Food & Agriculture Organization)

When all people at all times have physical, social and economic access to adequate amounts of nutritious food in good condition to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life *

Food security and insecurityRisk to livelihoodMalnutrition

1. Humanitarian Aid in Food & Hunger cont.

2 Aspects of HA Food Action1. Food security intervention:

AssessmentStrategyComplementary activities• Education/Collaboration/Planning/More

2. Prevention and monitoring

2. Food Insecurity: Assorted Facts

World Disasters Report 2011 IFRCMore food available than ever before Agricultural yields have increased1.5 billion worldwide classified obese 925 million do not have enough to eat 15% of the world’s population goes hungryAsia-Pacific, Indian subcontinent, sub-Saharan Africa Annually, 3m children under 5 die from under nutritionMalnutrition has become global epidemic (over-consumption of poor quality and unhealthy food)Food insecurity exists in 3rd, 2nd and 1st worldGlobal rise in food prices

A 2012 field study conducted by Assessment Capacities Project (ACAPS) and the Emergency conducted in western and eastern Niger, “between 70 and 90 per cent of people estimate their food stocks will run out before the next harvest, creating an imminent ‘hunger gap’. …

http://www.acaps.org/en/news/niger-food-insecurity/1

2. Assorted Facts continuedIFRC example: 2010 – Niger

Food Aid:• Dependence on rain-fed agriculture• Drought pushed many to mass starvation• IFCR appeal for 4.4 million US dollars

– assist 400,000 people with cash, food and seeds– only just over 50 per cent covered

Long term system change:• Agricultural investment at smallholders • Seeds/fertilizers, help with marketing,

women• Battle against large investors/crop diverters• Change western attitude towards food• CSR – involve companies

3. Initiatives and ReportsL'Aquila Food Security Initiative: "The 2011 crisis in the Horn of Africa has been the most severe emergency of its kind this century. More than 13 million people are still affected, with hundreds of thousands placed at risk of starvation. One estimate suggests that 50,000-100,000 people have died. This crisis unfolded despite having been predicted. Although brought on by drought, it was human factors which turned the crisis into a deadly emergency." A Dangerous Delay. Oxfam & Save The Children joint report.

The Charter to End Extreme HungerLaunched 09/24/2011 at UN New YorkShows how extreme hunger can be ended Drafted by: Oxfam, ONE, Save the Children, Tearfund, World Vision, Christian Aid, CAFOD, ActionAid, International Medical Corps, American Jewish World Service, Women's Refugee Commission, West African Civil Society Forum (WACSOF), Eastern & Southern Africa Farmers' Forum (ESAFF), The Eastern Africa Civil Society Forum (EACSOF), The Legal Resources Foundation, Channel 16, American Jewish World Service, Church World Service, Merlin, ADRA International, Plan, Islamic Aid, Concern, Muslim Aid, International Rescue Committee.

The Charter to End Extreme Hunger

Charter's promoters are asking Governments/heads of state to endorse Charter Commit to implementing needed changesThe first signatory Kenyan Prime Minister, Raila Odinga – need many morehttp://hungercharter.wordpress.com/

Food InsecurityMDG1: reduce extreme poverty & hunger by 50%

Mandatory ActionCooperation between governments, donors, humanitarian agencies and civil societyAddress systemic issues collaborativelyFactsheet and more * World Food Day Video 2011

4. Case example: Islamic Relief - Ethiopia

Many people live pastoralist lives but here:

Drought - poor harvests/depleted pastureInability to safely access water/water pointsShortage of local grains pushed up priceLack of pasture caused animal deathPoor health of remaining animals• Many sudden outbreaks of disease• Treated with traditional methods

or illegal drugs• Lack of vets

Case example: Islamic Relief - Ethiopia

Mohamed Hassen-Hargelle Woreda Received training for

Community animal health worker theory/practice treat livestock for common health problemssupplied with high quality drugs and equipmentSupported by new IR veterinary pharmacy

Mohamed:committed to improving community livestock working to spread the knowledge to others

Source

Food & Agriculture OrganizationWorld Hunger Charter/Millennium goalsGood Practice ReviewACF Food Security Intervention ManualWomen and food security exampleEuropeAid on Food securityFood Intervention Principles

5. Resources on Food and Food Security

II. Emergency Education (EE)Emergency Education is “a set of linked project activities that enable structured learning to continue in times of acute crisis or long-term instability” Save the Children UK

II. Emergency Education Overview

1. Importance of emergency education2. Support for emergency education3. Initiatives:

1. The Work of the INEE2. Teachers without Borders3. International Rescue Committee

4. Resources on Emergency Education

1. Importance of Emergency Education

War deprives millions of children of educationOver ½ of all children have not completed primary education due to armed conflictHuman made & natural disasters make the need for emergency education even more importantVideo: Education in EmergenciesVideo: Bus Schools

1. Importance of Emergency Education

“Education is a right of all children, but it is a right that, more often than not, refugee and displaced families secure on their own or do not secure at all. This right is highlighted in the United Nations’ Convention on the Rights of the Child, adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1989. Article 28 of this Convention proclaims education as a basic right, and one that should be “free and compulsory” as a matter of urgent priority. It further argues for the promotion of “international cooperation in matters of education” (Article 28); a “holistic approach to child development” which incorporates, among other things, “the national values of the country in which children are living [and] the country from which they may originate” (Article 29); and for “the treatment, recovery and social reintegration of children who are victims of conflict” (Article 39), something that organized education can directly address.” Sommers

2. Support for Emergency Education

Role of education in HA is essential ODISphere project recognizes emergency education need and standards INEE-SphereEE is central in many development concernsYet, it remains underfunded – in 2007:

EE received only 1.9 percent of global humanitarian aid budget vs. 4.2% neededonly 27 % of global education funding requirements were met, with contributions from just four donors *

3a. The Work of the INEE

The Inter-Agency Network for Education in Emergencies (INEE):

Open, flexible global network: representatives from NGOs, UN & donor agencies, governments, academic institutions, schools & affected populations working together to ensure right to quality and safe education in emergencies & post-crisis recoveryincludes more than 5,700 practitioners, students, teachers, staff and othersminimum formal structure, shared leadership, open non-competitive membership & inter-agency collaboration

3a. INEE Guiding Principles & Values

Education:basic human right of all people affected by crisis and instabilityprotects during crises and lays a

sustainable foundation for recovery, peace and development

should be included in all humanitarian responsespolicy and services must be actively sustained and coordinated across the humanitarian – development continuum before, during and in recovery from crisesCrises which destabilize education can be approached not only as urgent situations of immediate need but also as opportunities for positive changemust adhere to clear standards of quality and be accountable for results.

3b. Teachers Without Borders

Teachers Without Borders: connects teachers to create local change on global

scale aims to enhance education globally by supporting

teachers locally provides emergency education through educational

logistics support, content development, teacher training & professional development

3b. Teachers Without Borders

Selected Projects: Certificate of Teaching Mastery (CTM): mentor- & peer-

supported modular teacher professional development program available free or paid, online & offline – designed to help teachers improve knowledge & practice, and become mentors & leaders

ParsQuake: initiative to promote earthquake education, awareness & preparedness in Persian-speaking schools and communities – Tajikistan & Afghanistan

Peace Education : empower learners with the knowledge, skills, attitudes and values necessary to end violence and injustice and promote a culture of peace; includes education in human rights, multicultural and global citizenship. Projects in San Diego, Mexico, Uganda, Congo, Kenya, South Africa

3c. International Rescue Committee

IRC : nongovernmental global network of first responders and

humanitarian relief workers, working in 42 countries with partners around the world

provides aid to those who have been displaced by war or oppression

brings attention to forgotten or neglected crises and to pressure local governments and international groups to take action, to help and protect refugees, displaced people and other victims of conflict

Slideshow

3c. IRC Selected Projects Afghanistan:

major education campaign aimed at reaching 25,000 students funded by the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) and

bringing together four international aid agencies including the IRC, will reach students across more than a third of Afghanistan. It will take a holistic approach to education; it will provide new schools, help train as many as 800 teachers, and will promote adult literacy

NGO-University Partnership (2009) IRC & University of Nairobi (UoN), with support from Unbound

Philanthropy created 1st grad program w/ Education in Emergencies (EiE) specialization

objective - build national and regional humanitarian capacity for Education in Emergencies in the Horn and East Africa.

Resources on Emergency Education

Nicolai, S. & Triplehorn, C. (2003) The role of education in protecting children in conflict. HPN Network Paper at http://www.odihpn.org/documents/networkpaper042.pdfInteragency Network for Emergency Education http://www.ineesite.org/index.php/post/about_the_sphere_and_inee_companionship/ and http://www.ineesite.org/post/about/ INEE Minimum Standards 2010 Handbook http://www.ineesite.org/index.php/post/know_updated_inee_minimum_standards_handbook/ IRIN (11/2008) GLOBAL: Emergency education gains ground http://www.irinnews.org/Report/81437/GLOBAL-Emergency-education-gains-ground Education in Emergencies - Save the Children Policy Paper http://portal.unesco.org/education/en/file_download.php/c353abbb8025efea655a1e51084c81bfemer_educ.pdf Sommers, Marc. Emergency Education for Children http://web.mit.edu/cis/www/migration/pubs/mellon/1_children.pdf

III. Water and Water Management

Overview1. The Global Water Crisis2. UN-based Call for Action3. WASH Projects

(water, sanitation, hygiene)1. Unicef’s WASH Cluster Initiative2. OXFAM3. Global Giving

4. Resources on Water and Water Mgt

1. The Global Water Crisis

“There is a water crisis today. But the crisis is not about having too little water to satisfy our needs. It is a crisis of managing water so badly that billions of people - and the environment - suffer badly." World Water Vision Report

Video: In Focus: Water Wars in Kenya and Ethiopia

Video: DAR FUR - War for Water

The Global Water Crisis continued

World Water Council:Access to clean water - major problem for millions of people World population tripled in 20th Century along with a 6-fold increase in renewable water sourcesNext 50 years global population will increase by 40 to 50%Along with increased industrialization/urbanization, increasing demands for water will have serious consequences for environment, agriculture, socio-economic development, social conflict

B-Fair Project:By 2030 global annual water usage will increase to 6.9 trillion cubic meters, 40% more than available water supplies can provide

The Global Water Crisis continued

Lack of access to clean water:a major factor perpetuating hunger, poverty, and disease around the world884 million people – 1 in 8 - do have no access to safe water (WHO-UNICEF)UNDP:• 1.8 million children die every year as

result of diseases caused by unclean water and poor sanitation - 5000 deaths a day

• Water-related disease is 2nd biggest killer of children worldwide

The Global Water Crisis continued

Water Related Diseases:½ of developing world population suffers from diseases associated with inadequate water and sanitation½ Half of developing world’s hospital beds occupied by patients suffering from water-related diseases90% of water-related diseases are due to unsafe water supply, sanitation and hygiene - most affect childrenIntestinal worms infect 10% of developing world population & cause malnutrition, anemia and stunted growth. (WHO)

The Global Water Crisis continued

Water’s Impact on women & children:women in Africa & Asia often carry 40 pds of water on their headsWater related diseases cause 443 million lost school days annually11% more girls attend school when sanitation is available40 billion working hours are spent carrying water each year in AfricaHouseholds in rural Africa spend an average of 26% of their time fetching water – usually women do this

2. UN-Based Call for Action

UN General Assembly proclaims 2005-2015:

International Decade for Action 'Water for Life'• greater focus on water-related issues at all

levels & on implementation of water-related programmes

UN Millennium Development Goals:Cut in half the # of people w/out sustainable access to safe drinking water & sanitationThrough actions such as: guarantee the right to water; decentralize the responsibility for water; develop know-how at the local level; increase and improve financing; evaluate and monitor water resources.

3. Projects and Initiatives

WASH projects are central to most disaster management, humanitarian aid, and socio-economic development effortsOperate by are well-developed and formalized professional standards

We will review• UNICEF’s WASH Cluster

Initiative• OXFAM’s WASH projects• Assorted other initiatives

3a. UNICEFUNICEF’s WASH Cluster Initiative:

WASH Sector Co-ordination and AdvocacyInformation Management & Standards PolicyWASH Sector Capacity for Humanitarian ResponseWASH Sector Preparedness WASH Sector Best Practice and Learning

Many projects underway, e.g.Hygiene promotionCapacity building etc. Details & Resources at OneResponseExample - Kalacha Nomadic Girls’ Primary School in northern Kenya

3b. OXFAMOxfam has WASH programs in 35 countries:

Works in rural and urban areas, in camps for refugees & internally-displaced persons, and amongst host communities To provide access to safe water and sanitation To advocate for pro-poor policies to eliminate inequality underlying water management policies & water scarcityWork covers the diversity of contexts in which people are vulnerable to WASH-related disease and under-development:

• Acute and cyclical natural disasters (earthquakes, flooding, tropical cyclones and hurricanes)

• Slow onset emergencies (e.g. drought)• Conflict and political unrest• Complex situations encompassing

a mix of factors, such as urban slums

3b.OXFAM’s WASHOXFAM WASH approach incorporates:

Water: water supply for human consumption and household needs, as well as for crops and livestock needs where appropriate.Sanitation: excreta disposal; solid waste management; drainage; vector control.Hygiene Promotion: community mobilisation; health data monitoring; information, education and communication (IEC); and hygiene kit distribution.Prevention: In addition to its disaster response mandate, Oxfam prioritises a preventative approach to public health, improving WASH conditions and consequentially addressing poverty reduction and quality of life.

Video: OXFAM’s Haiti Cholera Response

3c. Other Initiatives: Ryan’s Well

Ryan’s Well Foundation:Started w/ initiative of 6 yr old Ryan Hreljaclearned of need for clean & safe water in developing countries in 1st grade classIn 1999, with support of friends, family and community, Ryan raised enough money to build Ryan's first well - Angolo Primary School in northern Uganda.

2001 Foundation was formed:• helped build over 700 wells & 900 latrines bringing

safe water and improved sanitation to over 750,900 people

– Current projects in Tanzania , Burkina-Faso , Uganda

RyansWell Projects In Progress713 wells and 911 latrines serving 750,991 people!

3c. Other Initiatives: Kisumu

Kisumu District Primary Schools Water & Sanitation Project – Appraisal Report

Participatory Integrated Community Development approachChange hygiene behaviors of pupils & construct demo rainwater harvesting and sanitation facilities in 6 pilot schools in Kisumu Kenya

3c. Other Initiatives: Global Giving

Global Giving :Water & sanitation for 6,000 people in Kyoso, KenyaServe 5 rural communities -6,000 people5 borehole wells, 25 community, household, & school latrines, 5 cattle troughs, plus hygiene education, and community development programs.

Resources on Water & Water Mgt

Statistics on water related problems:

http://thewaterproject.org/water_stats.asphttp://www.water.cc/living-water/resources/ http://www.b-fair.net/?p=1326

World Water Vision Report http://www.worldwatercouncil.org/index.php?id=961 UN World Water Development Report 4th ed 2012 http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/water/wwap/wwdr/wwdr4-2012/UNICEF WASH Cluster Initiative http://www.unicef.org/wash/index_43104.html

Resources on Water & Water Mgt

Videos: Water in Kenya Videos 1 2 3 Maude Barlow on the world water crisis (24:54)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xnAZ3q-JpTw&feature=related The Global Water Crisis - What You Can Do to Help (8:00)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zj0cinGQJdw The Coming Global Water Crisis (6:22)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n1gsyhuHGgc Full Interview With Matt Damon About The Water Crisis (8:50)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CezkRO3_r0c&feature=related Water Project: Ethiopia (4:02)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u9NJrd88LPM&feature=relmfu UN Water Video (10:39)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6IC9R7hezd0&feature=related

Workshop Summary

Part I:Becoming a Humanitarian Aid Worker

What is a humanitarian aid worker?Sectors of HA/Professionalization of the fieldThe process of becoming a HA worker

Workshop Summary

Part II: A Closer LookFood (In)SecurityEmergency EducationWASH