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First Aid Basics Ch. 1
| Date post: | 18-Jan-2015 |
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Health & Medicine |
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First Aid BasicsCh. 1
What is first aid
Immediate care given to suddenly ill or injured
Steps to take in an emergency1. Recognize there is an emergency- Unusual noises- Unusual sights- Unusual odors- Unusual appearance/behavior
Steps to take con’t3. Factors in deciding should I Help- Overcome barriers:- Fear – get disease? Injury overwhelming? - - do something wrong? Sued?- Assuming someone else takes over- Should I call 911?
Steps to take con’t2. Decide to act- Is it in your job description?- Overcome barriers:- Fear – get disease? Injury overwhelming? - - do something wrong? Sued?- Assuming someone else takes over- Should I call 911?3. Ask if you can help?- If refuse- call 911 & stay - If unconscious assume they want help
Danger: to you or victim? Signs of danger:Hazardous materials? Gases, glass, violenceUse your senses! Eyes, nose, earsMCI-Multiple casualty incident →ICS( Incident Command Center)
Help: who can call 911?
Who: is injured? How many?Medical or trauma MOI-Mechanism of injuryNOI-Nature of illness
Where: be specific of location
Assess scene/Scene Size-up:
Wash HandsUse soap & waterWash 20 secondsUse paper towel to turn off faucet
Universal/standard precautions/Body substance isolation:Used when potential exposure to blood &
body fluids Follow CDC guidelinesBlood & Body fluids: blood, saliva, urine,
stoolUse PPE/HEPA(High efficiency particulate air
mask)- Gowns, gloves, mask, goggles- All contaminated equipment is placed in
biohazard bag- Avoid latex to reduce allergies
Other PPE used by EMS:HelmetBreathing apparatusPuncture proof glovesHigh angle gearTurn out gear
Exposure to blood:Remove glovesWash hands soap & h20If in mouth, nose, eyes rinse with a lot of
waterReport to supervisor
Removing gloves
AHA Chain of Survival:1. Recognize emergency2. Early CPR3. Rapid AED4. Advanced care5. Coordinated care
Steps to take con’t4. Call 911-provide information
phone #, address, necessary information-Operator hangs up firstwhen?-seriously ill/injured-not sure what to do
How to call 911Alone With othersYell HELPIf nobody assists & no
immediate care needed go call 911
Get AED/suppliesReturn to give care
Stay with personSend someone to call
911 & get supplies
Consent –permission to treat
-Expressed Consent- victim says ok to treat
-Implied consent- assume victim wants help. unconscious/underage/confusedIf Refuses care: stay until
someone with more training arrives
If conscious person is child or infant given from parent or guardianif life-threatening:
Consent is implied – without parent or guardian present
Consent for minors
Finding the problemResponsive vs. UnresponsiveGasping-snort, snore, groan -abnormal
What to do:
1.Scene safety? General impression? Chief complaint ( CC)
2.Are you ok? LOCTap/? You ok?- √LOC AlertVerbalPainfulUnresponsive
If unresponsive-911 & AED
3. √ breathing- A-airwayB-breathingC-Circulation-perfusion (color, skin temp)-capillary refill-cyanosisD-Disability
no breathing start CPR-
4. Look for signs injuries
D-deformitiesC-contusionsA-abrasionsP-puncturesB- burnsT-tendernessL-lacerationsS-swelling
5. Medical Alert
Steps to take con’t6. Provide care until- You see signs of life- Trained responder arrives- You are too exhausted to continue- Scene is becomes unsafe7. After emergency-give info to EMS-fill out paperwork per work policy-maintain privacy/confidentiality
