Behavioural Usage Analysis of a Reminiscing App for People Living with Dementia and their CaregiversProf Maurice D. Mulvenna

Behavioural Usage Analysis of a Reminiscing App for People Living with Dementia and their CaregiversMulvenna, M.D., Gibson, A., McCauley, C.O., Ryan, A.A., Bond, R., Laird, E.A., Curran, K.J., Bunting, B., Ferry, F.,

• Dementia• Facilitated reminiscence• InspireD app • Event logging & related work• Results• Conclusions

Outline

• 47.5 million people living with dementia worldwide

• There is no known cure• Dementia affects memory, thinking,

language, judgement and communication

• Therapies and interventions can help people and transform their care

BackgroundLiving with dementia

• Reminiscence is the sharing of memories of our personal life experiences

• Reminiscence as an intervention can enrich the lives of people with dementia

• InspireD is a software system developed with input from the Reminiscence Network Northern Ireland and people with dementia and their caregivers

InspireDA Reminiscence App

InspireDapp

InspireDapp

InspireD AppSystem Architecture

• Aim was to investigate the effects of individual specific reminiscence activity facilitated through the use of the InspireD app on people living with dementia and their caregivers, using a range of outcome measures

• Quasi-experimental study incorporating a paired sample of 28 dyads (person living with dementia and their caregiver), using repeated measures design was conducted with each participant serving as his or her own control

• Applied several scales at start, mid- and end-point of a 12-week use of the InspireD app in the homes of people living with dementia and their caregivers, with one-to-one interviews with participants carried out at the end of the 12 weeks

• Scales included mutuality*, quality of care-giving relationships and emotional wellbeing

Overall StudyOutline

• P.G. Archbold B.J. Stewart M.R. Greenlick T. Harvath (1990) Mutuality and preparedness as predictors of caregiver role strain. Research in Nursing & Health. 13: 375-384.

• Digital technology is being increasingly used by older people yet there is a paucity of relevant usage interaction research* (aside from usual proprietary platforms)

• InspireD app designed to incorporate logging facility for key events by users across 45 specific activities, covering five different types of events:

• Entry (Logging in), • Admin (Adding a photo, deleting an audio, etc.), • Reminiscing (Viewing a video, viewing a photo, etc.), • In the Moment (ITM) questions (Experience Sampling Method (ESM) (aka Ecological

Momentary Assessment)) and • Exit (Logging out).

Event logging studySummary

• K. Miller, P.J. Woollam, G. Powell, D. Hitchings, D., and J. Stallard (2007) A Rehabilitation Device Data Logging System, Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology 2(1):9–14.

• Vagner Figuerêdo de Santana, M. Cecília C. Baranauskas (2010) Summarizing observational client-side data to reveal web usage patterns. In Proceedings of the 2010 ACM Symposium on Applied Computing (SAC '10). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 1219-1223.

• Daniel Woo, and Joji Mori. 2004. Accessibility: A Tool for Usability Evaluation. In book. Computer Human Interaction: 6th Asia Pacific Conference, APCHI 2004, Rotorua, New Zealand, June 29-July 2, 2004. Proceedings, edited by Masood Masoodian, Steve Jones, and Bill Rogers, 531–39. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

• Number of interactions by caregivers and people living with dementia (PWD) users in each of the classified events

ResultsEvents

• Number of interactions by caregivers and people living with dementia in each of the multimedia features used to facilitate reminiscing

ResultsMedia

• Number of personal and generic interactions by caregivers and people living with dementia

ResultsType

• Number of event interactions by caregivers and people living with dementia per hour

ResultsDaily

• Number of unique day interactions by caregivers and people living with dementia

• Correlation between the number of days the caregiver interacted with the system and the number of days the dyad’s corresponding person living with dementia interacted

ResultsUsage

• Data quality• Value of event logging• Validation

• Media • Type• Users

• Interdisciplinary study

Discussion

• Event logging worked well, in overall study design and ‘in the field’• Indicates that logging and usage can be integral part of study design• Rich source of interactional data validates, for example, ethnographic or other study

methods• Study team need to understand implications of logging, including ethical

implications• Significant additional planning and programming required

Conclusions

AcknowledgementsThe app was co-created and designed with input from the Alzheimer’s Society, Reminiscence Network Northern Ireland (RNNI) and people living with dementia and their caregivers. Special thanks to Alex Turnbull, Software Engineer from Kainos Software Limited for invaluable assistance in technology selection decisions. The authors gratefully acknowledge the funding support provided by HSC R&D Grant COM/5016/14.

ThanksQuestions?

Related workPublications

• Gibson, Aideen, McCauley, Claire Odile, Mulvenna, Maurice, Ryan, Assumpta, Laird, Liz, Curran, Kevin, Bunting, Brendan, Ferry, Finola and Bond, Raymond (2016) Assessing Usability Testing for People Living with Dementia. In: REHAB-2016 Workshop, Lisbon, Portugal. ACM Digital Library. 6 pp.