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Bellringer How did the development of the U.S. Constitution
represent a response tothe political problems Americans faced prior
to independence? The states were granted more authority and
protections than they had previously enjoyed. The ratification of
the plan of government required unanimous approval by the states.
The powers of the national government were reduced, and majority
rule was enshrined as the supreme law. The economic powers of the
national government were strengthened,and the rights of individuals
were guaranteed. Constitution and Bill of Rights
QC Standards B.1.i. Interpret the ideas and principles expressed in
the U.S. Constitution B.1.j. Explain the development of the Bill of
Rights, and assess various debates of the day Learning Targets
U1T14 - I can compare/contrast the views of Federalists and
Anti-federalists U1T15 - I can identify the basic structure of the
Constitution and principles/themes it includes. U1T16 - I can
explain the addition of the Bill of Rights and describe its
protections. Introduction - lists 6 goals for American
government:
Form a more perfect Union Establish Justice Insure domestic
tranquility (Peace) Provide for the common Defense Promote the
general Welfare Secure the Blessings of Liberty. 7 articles create
3 branches and describe how each will work. Changesmade to the
Constitution. First ten = Bill of Rights (1791); list individual
freedoms and protections. 5 Principles of the Constitution
Popular Sovereignty. Separation of Powers. Checks & Balances.
Limited Government. Federalism. Basic Principles: Popular
Sovereignty
Power belongs to the people and government must be based on the
consent of the governed. Expanded by amendments 15, 19, and 26
(gave the right to vote to non-whites, women, and 18 year olds)
Basic Principles: Separation of Powers
3 branches divide powers to: make laws (congress/legislative)
manage laws (president/executive) interpret laws (courts/judicial)
Basic Principles: Checks and Balances
Each branch of government has some control over the others.
Example:Congress passes laws and the President may veto those
laws.In turn, Congress may refuse to provide funds the President
requests for implementing programs. Basic Principles: Limited
Government
Government does not hold all the power and that it does only those
things that people allow it to do. Examples:Presidents can be
impeached, representatives voted out of office, judges denied
confirmation by the Senate. Basic Principles: Federalism
Power between the national level and the states is divided. Federal
(National) Power Only = Delegated Powers State Power Only =
Reserved Powers Both Federal and State = Concurrent Powers
Ratification of the Constitution Historical Context Even after the
Constitution was written, 9 of 13 statelegislatures still had to
ratify (approve) the new law of theland. Ratification was closely
contested nationally during and 1788. Rejection by any of the four
most prominent states - MA, NY,PA, or VA would have doomed the
Constitution Federalists v. Anti-Federalists Federalists
Anti-Federalists
Favored a strong natl govt they were for the Constitution. Wanted
to limit state power Supporters = Large farmers, merchants,
artisans Wrote the Federalists Papers (propaganda for the new
Constitution) Opposed a strong natl govt they were against the
Constitution. Strong support for local control Supporters = Small
farmers, often from rural areas Write on own paper. Wealth
Occupation The Federalist Papers Essays by Alexander Hamilton,James
Madison, John Jay Blessings of national government Criticism of the
Articles ofConfederation Defense of the Constitution Analysis on
the costs andbenefits of freedom. Ratification of the Constitution:
Who Supports? Who Opposes?
This country should never be split into a number of unsocial,
jealous, and aliensovereignties [territories]. The states should
respectively have laws, courts, force, and revenues of their
ownsufficient for their own security; they ought to be fit to keep
house alone ifnecessary. One government never can extend equal
benefits to all parts of the UnitedStates. Different laws, customs,
and opinions exist in the different states, whichby a uniform
system of laws would be unreasonable. I am against inserting a
declaration of rights in the Constitution If such anaddition is not
dangerous, it is at least unnecessary. A bill of rights serves to
secure the minority against the usurpation[takeover] and tyranny
[cruelty] of the majority. 1 Fed 2 Anti 3 Anti 4Fed 5 Anti Do these
artists support or oppose ratification of the Constitution?
Ratification of the Constitution
Yes No 1 December 7, 1787 Delaware 30 2 December 11, 1787
Pennsylvania 46 23 3 December 18, 1787 New Jersey 38 4 January 2,
1788 Georgia 26 5 January 9, 1788 Connecticut 128 40 6 February 6,
1788 Massachusetts 187 168 7 April 26, 1788 Maryland 63 11 8 May
23, 1788 South Carolina 149 73 9 June 21, 1788 New Hampshire 57 47
10 June 25, 1788 Virginia 89 79 July 26, 1788 New York 27 12
November 21, 1789 North Carolina 194 77 13 May 29, 1790 Rhode
Island 34 32 Bill of Rights The Federalists agreed to add a Bill of
Rights to theConstitution This meant the Constitution can be
ratified orchanged First 10 amendments/changes to the
Constitutionare called the Bill of Rights The Bill of Rights
Amendment 1- Freedoms, Petitions, AssemblyAmendment 2 -Right to
bear armsAmendment 3 -Quartering of soldiersAmendment 4 -Search and
arrestAmendment 5 -Rights in criminal casesAmendment 6 -Right to a
fair trialAmendment 7 -Rights in civil casesAmendment 8 -Bail,
fines, punishmentAmendment 9 -Rights retained by the
PeopleAmendment 10 - States' rights Bill of Rights and Current
Issues
Make a list on the board of all of the things that you expectto be
different when you go to college. Put a star next to the list of
expectations that have to do withthe First Amendment (speech,
press, religion, association,assembly, and petition) If your list
does not include all of these rights, think ofexamples of each one.
https://s3.amazonaws.com/Elections/College+Bill+of+Rights+Lesson+and+Posters.pdf
Current Issues in the News
Read the current event issues about the firstamendment Answer the
questions.Make sure to answer eachquestion completely! Wrap Up Is
there a difference between the First Amendment rightsof high school
and college students? Why or why not? What sorts of things can
college students do to exerciseFirst Amendment rights that high
school students maynot be able to? In practice, how are college
students First Amendmentrights limited compared to other adults
rights? Do you believe that these limitations are
constitutional?Why or why not? Remember test tomorrow!!!
Exit Slip: Finish Exit Slip/Study Guide Paper Homework due
tomorrow!!!! Remember test tomorrow!!! Binder due tomorrow!!!!!