Bellringer

OName three possible dangers you may encounter when working with animals?

Safety & Sanitation TM 1

Safety & Sanitation in

Veterinary Medicine

Spring 2012

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Learning Target

OAnalyze the effects that poor safety precautions and sanitation can have on both animals and their handlers.

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The Game Plan…

OReview of Safety and Sanitation Hazards

OAttack of the Germs! - ActivityOGroup DiscussionOExit Slip: Formative Assessment

Questions

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Formative Assessment

OComplete an Exit SlipO Evaluate the relationship between

proper sanitation of clinical facilities and potential hazards to the medical staff.

O Describe three steps that you can take to ensure your own safety when working with animals during class.

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Safety With Animals

OWhat are some potential hazards a person may encounter when working with animals?

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O Chemical Hazards:- Ingestion or handling of hazardous medication or

materials

O Physical Hazards:- Bodily injuries from working with animals and

medical equipment

O Biological Hazards:- Contracted from handling medical wastes

O Zoonotic Hazards:- Disease that are spread from animals to humans

through viruses, bacteria, parasites, fungusSafety & Sanitation TM 7

Four Hazards in Veterinary Medicine

Chemical Hazards

O Chemical Hazards:- Ingestion or handling of hazardous

medication or materials

Drugs/MedicationCleaning agentsInsecticidesAnesthetic gases

Many hazardous chemicals are routinely used in veterinary hospitals.

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Chemical HazardsO These chemicals can cause damage

to the skin and eyes and to the lungs if they are inhaled.

O Some chemicals may also cause abortion and/or fetal abnormalities if absorbed into the bloodstream.

O Never use a substance for anything other than its intended use!!!!

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Physical HazardsO Physical Hazards:

- Bodily injuries from working with animals and medical equipment

Animal injuries – bites, kicking, scratchesBack injuries – improperly lifting heavy objects or animalsFalls on wet floorsExposure to x-rays

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Physical HazardsO Physical injuries from animals are the

most common.

O Physical hazards are especially dangerous when working with farm animals due to their size.

O Cats needle-like teeth and sharp claws harbor bacteria that can cause serious illness in humans.

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Physical Hazards

O To prevent injury proper clothing and footwear should always be worn when working with animals.

O Learning animal behavior and the correct handling and restraint techniques can help prevent injuries.

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Biological hazardsO Biological Hazards:

- Contracted from handling medical wastes

Living tissue and organismsBloodUrineLive vaccinesMedical waste that has had contact with living tissue (urine soaked blankets, bandage material, etc.)Needles and scalpels “Sharps”

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Biological HazardsO The danger of biohazards is that they

can spread disease from one animal to another or from animals to humans.

O Medical wastes must be disposed of properly!

O Gloves and protective clothing should be worn when handling biohazards.

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Zoonotic hazards

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VirusesRabiesSleeping Sickness (Encephalitis)

BacteriaCat Scratch FeverSalmonellosisAnthraxTuberculosis

ParasitesMangeToxoplasmosis

FungusRingworm

• Zoonotic Hazards:- Disease that are spread from animals to humans through viruses,

bacteria, parasites, fungus

Zoonotic HazardsOThere are several ways to

prevent the spread of these diseases including:• Vaccination of animals and humans

• Proper waste disposal• Isolating infected animals• Proper handling of infected animals• Proper sanitation of hospital• Hand washing• Wearing protective clothing

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ActivityO Is it possible to come in contact with

these hazards in vet science class?

O How easily can you contract a harmful substance (such as medical waste or disease) from a surface or animal?

O Do we usually clean effectively or quickly?

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DiscussionO What protective measures can we

take as a class to ensure the safety of ourselves and your classmates?

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Rules When Working With Animals

1. Always wear protective clothing and equipment, when necessary. (Gloves, Long Pants, boots, Mask)

2. Always wash clothing & equipment after use.

3. Wash hands & body between each patient.  4. Keep hands away from eyes and face.

5. Do not consume food or drink where contamination may occur.

6. Remove contaminated equipment. Coats, coveralls, etc.

7. Always label medications and chemicals properly.

8. Be trained properly on handling techniques.  9. Always keep first aid kit handy.

10. Be aware of surroundings. 19

O Describe the relationship between proper sanitation of clinical facilities and potential hazards to the medical staff.

O Describe three steps that you can take to ensure your own safety when working with animals during class?

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Exit Slip

Types of SanitationO Cleaning –physically removing all visible

signs of dirt and organic matter such as feces, blood, hair, etc.

O Disinfecting –destroying most microorganisms on nonliving things by physical or chemical means.

O Sterilizing – destroying all microorganisms and viruses on an object using chemicals and/or heat.

O Antiseptics – solutions that destroy microorganisms or inhibit their growth on living tissue.Safety & Sanitation TM 21

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Safety signs & equipment

Danger Radioactive Biohazard

Dosimeter Lead GlovesBack Brace

Wet Floor

Lead Apron

MSDSMaterial Safety Data Sheet

Includes 8 sections:1. Manufacturer Information2. Hazard Ingredients/ Identity Information3. Physical/ Chemical Characteristics4. Fire and Explosion Hazard Data5. Reactivity Data6. Health Hazard Data7. Precautions for Safe Handling and Use8. Control MeasuresSafety & Sanitation TM 23

Drug SchedulesSchedule I: no medical use – high abuse

Heroin, Methaqualone, LSD, Peyote, Psilocybin, Marijuana, Hashish, Hash Oil, amphetamine variants.

Schedule II: accepted medical use – high abuseDilaudid, Demerol, Methadone, Cocaine, PCP, Morphine, and cannabis, amphetamine and barbiturate types.

Schedule III: accepted medical use – medium abuseOpium, Vicodan, Tylenol w/codine, and narcotic, amphetamine and barbiturate types.

Schedule IV: accepted medical use – low abuseDarvocet, Xanax, Valium, Halcyon, Ambien, Ativan, barbiturate types.

Schedule V: accepted medical use – very low abuseLomotil, Phenergan, liquid suspensions.Safety & Sanitation TM 24

Types of Sanitation

Cleaning –physically removing all visible signs of dirt and organic matter such as feces, blood, hair, etc.

Disinfecting –destroying most microorganisms on nonliving things by physical or chemical means

Sterilizing – destroying ALL microorganisms and viruses on an object using chemicals and/or heat under pressure

Antiseptics – solutions that destroy microorganisms or inhibit their growth on living tissue Safety & Sanitation TM 25

Commonly Used chemicals

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Alcohols – ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, ethanol

Aldehydes – gluteraldehyde, formaldehyde

Chlorine – bleach

Iodine and Iodophors – Betadine, iodine

Quaternary ammonias – Centrimide, Quatsyl-D

Methods of Sanitation

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Physical cleaning – using a chemical with a mop or spongeCold sterilization – soaking items in a disinfectant chemical until they are usedDry heat – incinerating an object or exposing it to flameRadiation – using ultraviolet or gamma rays

Filtration – removing particles from the air using a physical barrierUltrasound – passing high frequency sound waves through a solution to create a vibration that scrubs an object to remove debrisAutoclave – a sealed chamber in which objects are exposed to heat and steam under pressure