BELLWORK: QUIZ OVER THE ROMAN REPUBLIC (COMPLETE THE BLANK)
1. THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH INCLUDED 2 MEN CALLED, _______________, WHO SERVED FOR A YEAR.
2. THE LEGISLATIVE BRANCH INCLUDED THE _____________ (WHO SERVED FOR LIFE), THE
ASSEMBLY, AND THE TRIBUNES.
A. The purpose of this branch was to _____________________________________________________________.
B. The senate held more of the power
3. THE ____________________ BRANCH—THE PRAETORS
A. Judges chosen by the assembly to judge for a year. 2 of 8 judges supervise civil and criminal courts.
4. UNIQUE CHARACTERISTIC: IN TIMES OF TROUBLE, A _____________________ COULD BE CHOSEN
TO RULE FOR 6 MONTHS TIME.
A. They were appointed by the consuls and then elected by the senate.
BELLWORK: CHECK YOUR WORK
THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH—THE CONSULS
THE LEGISLATIVE BRANCH—THE SENATE, ASSEMBLY, AND TRIBUNES
• Made laws
• The senate held more of the power
THE JUDICIAL BRANCH—THE PRAETORS
• 8 judges chosen by the assembly to judge for a year. 2 of 8 judges supervise civil and criminal court
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTIC: IN TIMES OF TROUBLE, A DICTATOR COULD BE CHOSEN TO RULE FOR 6 MONTHS
• They were appointed by the consuls and then elected by the senate.
PROBLEMS IN THE REPUBLIC:
AS ROME EXPANDED, MANY WEALTHY ROMANS NEGLECTED CIVIC DUTIES
oOnly wanted to gain more wealth, power
DIFFERENCES INCREASED BETWEEN RICH, POOR; THREAT OF UPRISINGS GREW
REFORMERS WANTED TO BREAK UP ESTATES, GIVE LAND TO POOR
oSenate's wealthy landowners opposed reform, had reformers killed
THIS WEAKENED ROME AND LED TO CIVIL WAR
oCivil war- war between groups within same country
CAESAR BECOMES DICTATOR FOR LIFE
CAESAR WAS A GREAT POLITICIAN, REFORMER; WAS POPULAR WITH PLEBEIANS
MANY POWERFUL ROMANS, INCLUDING PATRICIAN SENATORS, OPPOSED CAESAR
SENATE APPOINTED HIM RULER; WAS NAMED DICTATOR FOR LIFE IN 44 B.C.
CAESAR WAS AN ABSOLUTE RULER, BUT STARTED SOME REFORMS
• Expanded senate, enforced laws, created jobs
SOME FEARED HE WOULD BECOME KING, HAVE DESCENDANTS RULE AFTER HIM
THE FALL OF THE REPUBLIC:
CAESAR ASSASSINATED BY GROUP OF SENATORS
HIS RULE WOULD BE THE END OF THE REPUBLIC
THE ROMAN EMPIREAUGUSTUS BECAME ROMEʼS 1ST EMPEROR
• Great nephew of Julius Caesar
• Controlled provinces, strengthened defenses, began civil service
• Beautified Rome by building temples, theaters, monuments
AUGUSTUSʼ REIGN BEGAN PAX ROMANA—LONG PERIOD OF PEACE
AND STABILITY
• Empire grew to greatest size, 2 million square miles
• Roman army of 300,000 men became greatest fighting force in world
• Army guarded frontiers, built roads; navy patrolled MEDITERRANEAN
THE ROMAN EMPIRE: A STRONG ECONOMYPAX ROMANA CONTINUED AFTER AUGUSTUSʼ DEATH IN A.D. 14
EMPIRE THRIVED UNDER GOVERNMENT BEGUN BY AUGUSTUS
AGRICULTURE AND TRADE
• ROMANS PRODUCED POTTERY, METAL GOODS, GLASS, WINE, OLIVE OIL
• LAND AND SEA TRADE ROUTES AIDED ECONOMIC GROWTH
• ROMANS TRADED WITH SPAIN, AFRICA, WESTERN ASIA, GAUL
• TRADERS BROUGHT BACK GRAIN, IVORY, SILK, SPICES, GOLD, SILVER
CURRENCY
• ROMAN ECONOMY UNITED BY COMMON CURRENCY, MAKING TRADE EASIER
• EXPANDING ECONOMY MADE THE RICH RICHER, DEEPENED DIVISION WITH POOR
TO SUMMARIZE…
• THE RESULTS OF ROMAN EXPANSION PRODUCED SOCIAL CONFLICT AND CIVIL WAR.
• JULIUS CAESAR GAINED POWER AND BECAME A DICTATOR BUT WAS THEN
ASSASSINATED.
• THE REIGN OF AUGUSTUS BEGAN A LONG PERIOD OF IMPERIAL RULE AND PEACE IN
THE ROMAN EMPIRE.