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Sept. 27, 1932. M. BERLIETMEANS FOR OPERATION OF MOTOR VEHICLES

Filed Sept .. 28. 1929 4 Sheets-Sheet 1

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M. ElERL.IET 1,819,044MEANS FOR OPERATION OF MOTOR VEHICLES

Filed Sept. 28. 1929 4 Sheets-Sheet 2

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Sept. 27, 1932. M. BERLIETMEANS FOR OPERATION OF MOTOR VEHICLES

1,879,044Filed Sept. 28. 1929 4 Sheets-5heet 3

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Sept. 27, 1932. M. BERLIETMEANS FOR OPERATION OF MOTOR VEHICLES

Filed Sept. 28. 1929

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1,879,0444 Sheets-Sheet 4

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Patented Sept. 27, 1932 1 ,879 ,044

UNITED STAT.ESPATENTOFFICE.MARIUS :BERLIET, OF LYON; FRANCE,. ASSIGNOR TO SOCIETE ANONY1'.rE.DESAU'!'OMO-.. . :BILES M. :BERLIET,OF LYON, .FRANCE . .

MEANS. FOR OPERATIONOll' .MOTORVEHICLESApplication filed September 28, 1929, Serial No. 395,944, and in . Frallce October 1,1928.

The present invention relates to improve- the universal joint .3.disposed in acasing .4.mentsin means for the operation of motor The shaft 2ismaintained in ball-bearing 5~6vehicles having severaldriving wheels, and disposedin a two-part casing which containsit particularly concerns a device for central. the ..speed-reduction mechanism.rhe rearc ; control by which the motion is imparted to end of the shaft 2 is bored at 2~to formavehicles having four driving wheels, said de- recess for-the insertion of the end of.the shaft 55vice being mounted at the end of the trans- 8actuating the differential device. . A _ ring 22mission speed casing. is interposed between the shafts 2 and 8, asThe said device comprises a speed trans- showndn Figure 1,and the. tWOSb_aftsare

:;'0 mission by which the number of speeds can fitted together at apointadjacent.the saidbe doubled, and which is followed by the ball bearing 6whereby.the deviceis accurate- 60mechanism acting upon the differential pro- ly centered. ... -. . .vided with a blocking device, also compris-The speed-reduction gear. in the casing 7ing bevel gearing for the operation of the consists of-teeth 90n the end ofthe shaft 2 inUJ shafts driving the wheels, as wellas a brake.: constant. engagement with a pinion .10 of61lmechanism disposed upon a separate shaft. Iarger.diameter-mounted.on an intermediateThe said apparatus is contained in a:cas- tubular shaft 11,.which carries on the. othering of cruciform-shape having tubular: hori- -:end a pinion 12,smallerthan the pinion 10.zontally disposed branches. One end of the The shaft 11is loose on the .spindle 13whichso large longitudinal branch is secured to the is contained in the casing 7, with the interpo- 70rear end of the transmission casing, and con- sitionofball-bearings 14'and 15~ Thepiniontains the speed change gear, which is con- 12may be engaged with a pinion 16movablenectedto a differential, known per se,and in grooves formed in the shaft 8,in Iins withis inserted into a central recess, disposed at theshaft.2andactuatingthe differential de-::::;the intersection of the horizontal branches vice. The pinion 16 is moved in the lmown '1 5and the transverse branches oLthe casing. manner"by a fork 17,andit also comprises in-The transverse branches contain the shafts ternal teeth18 cooperating. with tl).eexternalof the differential gearing which actuate- teeth 19on.the end of the shaft 2.by bevel gearing-the lined shafts in-Iat- As-regardsthe operation ofthe.fork 17,the

EO eral disposition which drive the wheels..and teeth 18of the pinion 16 engage the teeth .19, 8( ;the large longitudinal. branch is terminated of the shaft 2, thus obtaining the direct drive,beyond the cross branches, and contains the and herein the shaft 8 is driven at the sameshaft of the brake acting upon the .mecha- speed asthe shaft 2 ;but whenthe pinion 16isnism. engaged. with the pinion 12, thespeed of theThe said invention is particularly speci- shaft 8is reduced relatively tothesaidshaft, 85fred with reference to the accompanying due tothe ratioofthe gearing 9~10~12..,--16.drawings, in which: .. - The s'haft8actuating the said differentialFigure 1 is a vertical longitudinal sectional device is rterminated by a bevel pinion 20view on the axis of the mechanism. which is forged together with the end of theFigure 2~is apart sectional view, and saidsha.ft.The shaft 8ismounted in a ball 90Fig. 22isa similar view of the remaining bearing 21 secured in aeasing 22inwhich isorganization. mounted a ball-shaped face 23 supporting theFigure 3 is a section on the lineA~B of reaction. The casing 22. is mounted in such-Figure 2, showing. the parts which hold the manner as tobe suitably.adjusted in the cas-

45 differential in the fixedposition. ing240fthe differential.Figure 4 is a top plan view-of the device. The pinion 20 of the shaft S'drivesabevelThe motion to be transmitted to the vehicle gear 25 mounted on a sleeve 26 situated to thewheels is imparted to the speed transmission left of the differentialmechanismandsecured

50 in the casing by the shaft 1 from which it is to the 'casing 29 of the said differential. Be-transmitted to the main shaft 2 by means of tween the casing and the ring 25is mounted a ;

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i,879,044ball-bearing 27. The ring 25 carries internal 63, which in turn are connected with the flex-teeth 28 adapted to drive the case 29 of the ible couplings 64. The casings 66 are mount-said differential, by means of teeth 30 formed ed on the axles and in which suitable gearson the sleeve 26. The said differential oper- are located for transmitting power to the

5 ates in the known manner, by reason of its axles for driving the wheels 65.planetary pinions 31 mounted on axles dis- The-shafts 5fjare driven by bevel gears 70posed in the case 29, and by the use of the 60mounted-on the rear grooved portions andmain cooperating gear wheels 33. The said .i n the _ball bearings 56, said gears being in.wheels33 are engaged by their externalhuhs consta]1tengagem_el1.t with the bevel gears10 with th-e sleeves 26 of the said case, with the 61--:fo1.'gl;ld~t the ends of the said differentialinterposition of the rings 34. The hubs of -shats35~38. 75the said main gearwheels are suitably The operation is as follows:grooved to cooperate with the ends olthedif- The motion of the shaft 1 extending fromferential shaft 35---'-38. the speed-transmission casing is imparted to15 _ The sleeve end 36 upon theright handside the driving shaft 2 by the universal joint 3- O f the -differentialis provided with teeth 37, .Which thus drives the shaft 8 of the differ- 80and upon the grooved part of the right hand entialior -a direct drive maybe used when'differential shaft 38is mounted aslidable.col- -the.internalteeth 18of the pinion 16 engagelar 39 carrying a tooth 40 cooperating with the teeth 19 of the shaft 2, or the same may

-2 0 the teeth 37of the sleeve 36ofthe said cas6'29, .operate by the use of the speed-reducing 85by means of the fork 41, in.order-to hold theshart-llwhen the 'pinion 16 engages thedifferential, -as shown in Figures 2 and 3. -pihion12. _The shaft 8 actuates the differ-The clutch 39,40 causes the shaft 38-which ential device by its said pinion 20 which isis fixedwith thepart36 of the member 29 and . in- .constant engagement with the ring 255 the case29 and the shaft 38to have the same 'which drives the case 29-by means of the 1)0motion about the axis of the shaft 38, and the teeth 28-30. The main .gear wheels 31 andplanetary pinions 31 will remain stationary -the planetary gear wheels 33 will in turnwith respect to the wheel 33. The differential -drive the shafts .of the differentials 35~38,is thus held since the vehicle must have the and these, by means of their-bevel-pinions30possibility of running onall grounds and it -61 cooperating with the pinions -60will drive 95happens frequently that two wheels placed on the 11ongitudinal. shafts 55 controlling thethe said side slide and turn idle on uneven four vehicle wheels. 'ground, whereas the others placed on the -Lclaim:otherside are onhard or even ground but will 1. -A four-wheel drive-for vehicles com-35 remain stationary due to the effect of the dif - prising -'a .speed transmission, a differentialferential ; if the differential is then held the mechanismidnivenbythe shaft thereof,saidwheels whichareonhardgroundwill drive differential mechanism including shafts,the vehicle. ,. . . , . shafts extending at right angles to the outerIn Iine with the shaft 8 and outside the ends-of the differential shafts and driven40 said differential, the casing 24is extended for thereby and adapted ito transmit movement'the insertion of the shaft 42-on the inner-end -,tothewheels-of .the vehicle.a shaft alinedof which is mounted a bevel gear 43 coop- with the transmission shaft 'and geared witheratingwith the gear 25. The shaft 42 isheld - thediffer~ntialmechanism, .and a brakingin the casing 24by ball-bearings 44--45, and mechanismeonnectedwith the latter shaft.45 at its rear end is a tapered part'46 upon 2.-A. ,our~wheel drive .for wehicles com-which is keyed a disk 47-securedto a brake prisinga:-speed-trahsmission, a casing.i ofdrum 48. _ . . . _ _.. _ cruciform -shape, a differential mechanismOn the casing 24ismounted a circular disk .in said casing driven .by-the shaft of the-4900 which is secured the pivot axle50:of .transmission. and extending _through one

5 .0 the brake shoes as well as the axle 52 of the ..-branch of the casing, ashaft--alined with thebrakecamb l. The axle 52 is ope'ratedby a transmission shaft.and geared with the dif-lever 53 and ismounted at the other end from ferential mechanism, said shaft being jour-the cam 51 ina recess inthecasing24 ... _ rraledirionebranch ofthe casing, the shaftsThe transverse portions of the casing 24 of the differentialmechanismheing jour-55 containing the differential shafts 35-and 38 naled in' the -lateral branches of the casing,:are terminated by the lateral cylindrical cas- wheeled drivlng shafts extending at,' rightings -54containing-e-through the medium of angles to the shafts of the differential mecha-the ball bearings 56 and 57-the Iongitudirrali.nismand geared thereto-and a braking mech-shafts 55 which are grooved at theendsand anism associated with -the shaft alined with60 thus cooperate with the sleeves 58 to which the transmission shaft.are bolted flexible connecting members 59, by 3: A four-wheeled drive for vehicles in-which the shafts of the four driving wheels eluding a casing of cruciform shape, a dif-65 may he driven. _. _ . - .... -ferentia}Iilechanism mounted in the casingThe shafts 62 are connected WIththe JOInts at thejuncture of the branches thereof, a6559and are telescopically engaged in the shafts speed"chllilgetransniissionincluding a shaft~130

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1,879,044 3said shaft being journaled in one longitudi-nal branch of the casing, a brake shaft alinedtherewith and journaled in the other longi-tudinal branch of the casing, the shafts of5 the differential mechanism being journaledin the lateral branches of the casing, wheeleddriving shafts disposed at right angles tothe differential shaft and driven thereby toimpart movement to the wheels of the vehicle.

10 4. A. four-wheel drive for vehicles com-prising a speed-change transmission, a dif-ferential mechanism, said differential mecha-nism including a casing driven by the shaftof the transmission, the shafts of. the differ-15 ential mechanism being adapted to drive thewheels of the vehicle, said casing having teethupon one end, a nonrotatable collar slidableon the differential shaft adj acent the teethand having teeth thereon for engaging the20 teeth of the casing, and means for slidingthe collar to cause engagement of said teeth,as and for the purpose set forth.In testimony whereof he has signed thisspecification.

25 MARIUS BERLIET.

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