bghUslf;fk; - TNAU Agritech Portalagritech.tnau.ac.in/pdf/tnau publication_vv_December...

"tapw]Wf]Fr] nrhwpl ntz]Lk; - ,';FthGk; kdpjUf;bfy]yhk]

gapw]wpg] gyfy]tp je]J - ,e]jg]ghiu cah]j]jpl ntz]Lk]" - ghujp

bghUslf;fk;

tsUk]ntshz]ik ,jHpy ] tUk ] fUj]Jf]fSf]F

mtw]wpd]fl]Liu Mrphpah]fns bghWg]ghth]

1. vspjhFk; bey; rhFgo : neuo bey; tpijg]g[f; fUtp 1

2. khdhthhpf]nfw]w cah] tpisr]ry; fk;g[ ,ufk; nfh (rpa[) 9 5

3. khdhthhpf;F Vw;w rPj;jh gHk; 8

4. ,e;jpah ............ tU';fhy bfha; kyh]fspd; rhk;uh$;ak; 10

5. ky;bghp rhFgo Kiw 13

6. gnah Ory; 15

7. thiHapy; fhyepiyg; gpur;ridfis rkhspg]gJ vg]go? 18

8. jf]fhspapy; xU';fpize;j g{r]rp nkyhz;ik 22

9. bey;ypapy; gaph] ghJfhg]g[ 27

10. g{r]rp fl;Lg]ghl;oy; rpye;jpfspd; g';F 30

11. nrkpg]g[ jhdpa g{r]rpfSk; fl;Lg]gLj;Jk; KiwfSk; 33

12. ku ehw;w';fhy;fspy; neha; nkyhz;ik 37

13. mWtil bra;j fhshd;fis gjg]gLj;Jk; Kiwfs; 40

14. tzpf Kiwapy; khk;gH ghdk; jahhpj;jy; 42

15. gUj;jp cw;gj;jp bghUshjhuKk;/ tpw;gid KiwfSk; 47

16. fhh]j;jpifg]gl;l tpiy Kd;dwptpg]g[fs; 51

17. jkpH;ehL ntshz; gy;fiyf; fHf tpij ,Ug]g[j; jfty; 54

kyh] 33 ork;gh] 2007 (fhh]j;jpif-khh]fHp) ,jH] 12kyh] 33 ork;gh] 2007 (fhh]j;jpif-khh]fHp) ,jH] 12

1

vspjhFk; bey; rhFgo : neuo bey;

tpijg]g[f;fUtp

Kidth] rPdp.md;g[kzp kw;Wk; Kidth] m.rutzd;

ntshz;ik mwptpay; epiyak;

ePlhk';fyk; - 614 404, jpUth+h] khtl;lk;

bjhiyngrp vz;: 04362-260666

fhtphpg] ghrd khtl;l';fspy; bey; rhFgo nkl;?h] mizapypUe;J

tUk; jz;zPiu ek;gp bra;ag]gLfpwJ. ,jdhy; bey; rhFgo gzpfs; xnu

neuj;jpy; eilbgWfpwJ. mjhtJ/ xnu neuj;jpy; ehw;W jahhpg]g[ kw;Wk;

elt[g]gzpfs; nkw;bfhs;sg]gLtjhy; ntiyf;F tptrhaj;bjhHpyhsh]fs;

fpilg]gjpy; rpukk; Vw;gl;Ls;sJ. nkYk; fhyk; jhH;j;jp tajhd ehw;Wfis

elt[ bra;a ntz;oa eph]ge;jKk; mjd;\yk; kfNy; ,Hg]g[k; gy tUl';fshf

,Ue;J tUfpwJ. bjhHpyhsh]fs; gw;whf;Fiwapdhy; Typ cah]t[ nghd;wit

bey; rhFgo bra;a[k; tptrhapfis kpft[k; ftiya[w itj;Js;sJ.

,f;Fiwapid nghf;fp rhpahd neuj;jpy; Fiwe;j Ml;brytpy; kpft[k;

vspjhf ,af;ff;Toa neuo bey; tpijg]g[f ;fUtpapid jkpH;ehL

ntshz;ikg] gy;fiyf; fHfk; cUthf;fp mwpKfg]gLj;jpa[s;sJ. ,f;fUtp

jpUth+h] khtl;lj;jpy; mike;Js;s ePlhk';fyk; ntshz;ik mwptpay;

epiyaj;jhy; gy;ntW bray;tpsf;f';fSld; Toa cahpa

bjhHpy;El;g';fSld; tptrhapfSf;F mwpKfg]gLj;jg]gl;L tUfpwJ.

fUtpapd; rpwg]gk;r';fs;

,f;fUtp Kd;dh] ,Uk;g[ bfhz;L jahhpf;fg]gl;ljhy; ,Gg]gjw;F

rpukkhf ,Ue;jJ. Mdhy; jw;nghJ ehh] ,iH bfhz;L jahhpf;fg]gl;Ls;sJ.

,jdhy; vil Fiwe]J ,Gg]gjw;F kpft[k; Rygkhf cs;sJ. ,f;fUtpia

,af;Ftjw;F ,uz;L Ml;fs; nghJkhdJ. xU ehisf;F 2½ Vf;fh] tiu

tpijg]g[ bra;aKoa[k;. ,e;j fUtpis ele;J bry;tJnghy; Kd;ndhf;fp

,Gj;J bry;tjd; \yk; bey; tpij eph]zapf;fg]gl;l mstpy; thpirf;F

thpir 20 br.kP. ,ilbtsp rkr]rPuhf tpGfpwJ. nkYk; bey; tpijf;fg]gl;l

,lj;jpnyna Kisg]gjhy; brof;Fr]bro ,ilbtsp fpilf;fpwJ.

tpijahdJ nrw;wpd; nkw;gFjpapy; bjspf;fg]gLtjhy; mjpf J}h]fl;Lk; jpwd;

cUthfpwJ. ,f;fUtpapd; \yk; tpijg]g[ nkw;bfhs;tjhy; Fiwe;j

tpijast[ nghJk; (Vf;fUf;F 12 Kjy; 15 fpnyh). fUtpapd; tpiy +.4/700/-

,f;fUtpapid nguhrphpah; kw;Wk; jiyth;/ ntshz; ,ae;jputpay; Muha;r;rp

tsUk; ntshz;ik ork;gh] 2007

kyh] -33 ,jH; - 12

2

ikak;/ jkpH;ehL ntshz;ikg; gy;fiyf; fHfk;/ nfhak;g[j;J}h; - 641 003

vd;w Kfthpapy; bjhlh]g[ bfhz;L th';fyhk;.

epyk; jahh] bra;jy;

neuo bey; tpijg]g[ bra;tjw;F gj;J ehl;fSf;F Kd;g[ taypy; ePh]gha;r]rp

2 Kjy; 3 ehl;fs; tiu bjhHp cHt[ bra;J ed;F nrwhf;fntz;Lk;. gpd;dh]

taiy nkLgs;s';fs; ,y;yhky; ed;F rkd;gLj;j ntz;Lk;. ehw;w';fhy;

jahhpg]gJ nghy; taiyr]Rw;wp njhz;Lfhy;fs; mikj;J ePiu tpiuthf

tof;f trjpapid nkw;bfhs;sntz;Lk;. njhz;Lfhypid Vw;gLj;j

epyf;fy;iy fapw;wpdhy; fl;o ,Gj;J bry;tjd; \yk; Vw;gLj;j Koa[k;.

tpij tpijg]gjw;F xU ehSf;F Kd;djhfnt ePh] ed;F tof;fg]gl;L fod

nrw;Wg]gFjpahf khw;wg]gl;oUf;f ntz;Lk;.

tpijast[ kw;Wk; tpijneh]j;jp

rhd;W bgw;w jukhd tpijfisg] gad;gLj;JtJ mtrpak;. tpij

tpijf;Fk; fUtp \yk; tpijf;f Vf;fUf;F 15 fpnyh tpij nghJkhdJ.

tpijapid caph] g{rzf;bfhy;ypahd Nnlhnkhdh!; g]nshurd;!; fye;J

(xU fpnyh tpijf;F 10 fpuhk;) tpijneh]j;jp bra;antz;Lk;. nkYk; caph]

cu';fisa[k; <u tpija[ld; nrh]j;J fyf;fpa gpd;g[ \l;lk; nghl ntz;Lk;.

tpijfis 24 kzp neuk; jz;zPhpy; Cuitj;J gpd;g[ 24 kzp neuk; \l;lk;

nghl;L tpijg]g[ bra;antz;Lk;.

tpijf;Fk;nghJ filgpof;f ntz;oait

tpijf;Fk;nghJ rpwpjst[ ePh] ,Uf;FkhW fl;lntz;Lk; (rpYg]g[j;

jz;zPh]). ed;F Kisfl;oa tpijfis tpijg]bgl;oapy; \d;wpy; ,uz;L

ghfk; epug]g ntz;Lk;. gpd;g[ tpijg]bgl;oapd; fjt[fis ,Wf\lntz;Lk;.

fUtpia elg]gijg] nghd;W Kd;ndhf;fp ifapdhy; ,Gj;Jr]bry;y bey;

tpijfs; rPuhd Kiwapy; taypy; tpijf;fg]gLk;. Kjy; Kiwahf

bry;Yk;bghGJ rf;fuj;jpd; \yk; Vw;gLk; gjpit mLj;j Kiw bry;tjw;F

FwpaPlhf gad;gLj;jp/ ehd;fpy; xU gFjpahf tpij Fiwa[k;nghJ

tpijg]bgl;oapypUe;J tpijfs; rhpahf tpGfpwjh vd rhpghh]j;Jf;

bfhs;sntz;Lk;.

fis fl;Lg]ghL

neuo bey; tpijg]gpy; fis gpur]rid kpft[k; mjpfk;. ,g]gpur]ridiaf;

Fiwf;f nfhil cHt[ bra;antz;Lk;. mt;thW tha;g]gpy;yhj NH;epiyapy;

taiy ed;F cGjgpd;g[ rkd;gLj;JtJ mtrpak;. fisfs; Kisg]gjw;F

Kd;g[ fl;LgLj;jf;Toa fisf;bfhy;ypahd gphpl;oyhf;Fnshh] (re;ijapy;


kyh] -33 ,jH; - 12

3

hpgpl; vd fpilf;fpwJ) Vf;fUf;F 400 kp.yp. vd;w mstpy; 10 fpnyh fha;e;j

kzYld; fye;J tpijj;j 5k; ehs; taypy; ,lntz;Lk;. fisbfhy;yp

,Lk;nghJ taypy; rpYg]g[j;jz;zPh] ,Ug]gJk; gpd;g[ 2 ehl;fSf;F jz;zPh]

fl;lnth tog]gnjh TlhJ. ,jd; \yk; fisfis 20 ehl;fs; tiu ed;F

fl;Lg]gLj;jyhk;. ,jd; gpd;g[ nuhl;lhp tPlh] vd;w fUtpia bfhz;L

thpirf;fpilna Xl;Ltjd; \yk; fisia nrw;wpy; mKf;FtJld;

fhw;nwhl;lj;ija[k; Vw;gLj;j cjt[k;. gapUf;fpilapypUf;Fk; fisfis

iff;fisahf vLf;fyhk;. nuhl;lhp tPlh] Xl;LtJ gy mDTy';fis

bfhLf;fty;yJ. mg]go Xl;l tha;g]gpy;yhj ,l';fspy; fis Kisj;jgpd;g[

fisapid fl;Lg]gLj;j tpijj;j 20k; ehs; Vf;fUf;F 8 fpuhk; my;kpf;!;

my;yJ 2/4o nrhoak; cg]g[ 400 fpuhk; vd;w mstpy; 200 ypl;lh] ePUld; fye;J

bjspg]gjd; \yk; Kisj;j fisapida[k; fl;Lg]gLj;jyhk;.

cunkyhz;ik

rk;gh rhFgof;F ghpe;Jiuf;fg]gLk; cunkyhz;ikia filgpog]gJ

mtrpak; . xU Vf;fUf;F njitahd 5 ld; kl ;fpa bjhGcuj;ij

epyj;jahhpg]g[f;F Kd;g[ ,lntz;Lk;. tpij tpijg]g[f;F Kd;g[ Vf;fUf;F 35

fpnyh o.V.gp. (m) 125 fpnyh Ng]gh] gh!;ngl; cuj;jpid moa[ukhf ,LtJ

mtrpak;. nkYukhf J}h]btof;Fk; gUtj;jpy; Vf;fUf;F 30 fpnyht[k;/

g{';fjph] cUthFk; gUtj;jpy; 30 fpnyh a{hpah/ 20 fpnyh bghl;lh#; ,LtJk;

mtrpak;. nkYk; fjph] cUthFtjw;F Kd;g[ Vf;fUf;F 30 fpnyh a{hpah

,lntz;Lk;. fjph] njhd;Wk;nghJ 2 rj o.V.gp. fiuriy bjspg]gjd; \yk;

thspg]ghd fjph]fSk; mjpf vila[s;s kzpfSk; fpilf;Fk;.

mDTy';fs;

� ,k;Kiwapy; ehw;Wgwpg]g[/ ehw;w';fhy; elt[ ,y;iy. ,jdhy; Ml;bryt[

kpft[k; FiwfpwJ.

� fztd;/ kidtp ,UtUk; nrh]e;J xnu ehspy; 2.5 Vf;fh] tiu tpijg]g[ fUtp

bfhz;L tpijg]gpid epidj;j neuj;jpy; nkw;bfhs;sKoa[k;.

� tpijf;fUtp bfhz;L rPuhd ,ilbtspapy; tpijg]gjd; \yk; rhpahd gaph]

vz;zpf;ifia guhkhpf;f Koa[k;.

� tpijf;fUtp \yk; tpijg]gjhy; tpijast[ 25 rjtPjk; FiwfpwJ.

� elt[g]gapiu tpl 7 Kjy; 10 ehl;fs; Kd;ng mWtilf;F te;J tpLfpwJ.

� tpijg]g[ bra;jt[ld; gha;r]rYk; fha;r]rYk; vd ePh]ghrdk; bra;tjhy; 10-20

rjtPjk; ePh] nrkpg]g[k; cs;sJ.

� xU Vf;fhpy; rhFgo bryt[ +gha; 1/500 Kjy; 2000 tiu Fiwtjhy; epfu

,yhgKk; mjpfhpf;fpwJ.


kyh] -33 ,jH; - 12

4

elt[ Kiwapy; cs;sijg]nghynt neuo bey; tpijg]gpy; kfNy;

vLf;fKoa[k;. ed;F guhkhpf;fg]gLk; tay;fspy; elit kp";Rkstpw;F

tpisr]ry; vLf;fyhk;. ,g]go fzf;fpLk;nghJ Vf;fUf;F 40 \l;il vdpy;

(+.400/\l;il) Vf;fUf;F 16/000 +gha; bkhj;j tUkhdk; fpilf;Fk;.

mg]gobadpy; neuo bey; tpijg]g[ Kiwapy; mjpf ,yhgk; fpilf;Fk; vd;gJ

gy bray;tpsf;f jply;fs; thapyhf ep+gzkhfpa[s;sJ. jw;nghija

NH;epiyapy; cw;gj;jp bryit Fiwj;J mjpf epfu ,yhgk; bgWtJ bey;

tptrhaj;ij nkw;bfhs;gth]fSf;F kfpH;r]rpahf ,Uf;Fk; vd;gjpy; vt;tpj

re;njfKk; ,y;iy.

tpij 350 200

ehw;w';fhy; jahhpg]g[ 350 ,y;iy

ehw;W gwpg]g[ 750 ,y;iy

cHt[ elt[ tay; jahhpg]g[ 1000 1250

elt[ 1000 ,y;iy

fis 800 1000

moa[uk; 500 500

nkYuk; 1000 1000

g{r]rp bfhy;yp 600 600

mWtil 2500 2500

,ju bryt[fs; 1000 1000

bkhj;j bryt[fs; 9850 8050

tut[ 40 \l;il (1 \l;il 400 +gha;) 16000 16000

epfu ,yhgk; 6150 7950

tut[ bryt[ tpguk; xg]gPL

neuo bey;

tpijg]g[

(+ /Vf;fh])

tpguk ;elt[ tay;

(+ /Vf;fh])

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kyh] -33 ,jH; - 12

5

khdhthhpf;nfw;w cah; tpisr;ry;; fk;g[ ,ufk;

nfh(rpa[) 9

gp. Rkjp/ gh. bry;tp kw;Wk; mU. Kj;ijah

rpWjhdpa';fs; Jiw/ gaph; ,dg;bgUf;fk; kw;Wk; kugpay; ikak;/

jkpH]ehL ntshz;ikg; gy;fiyf; fHfk;;/ nfhak;g[j;J}h; - 641 003


fk;g[ jkpH;ehl;oy; bey;/ nrhsk; Mfpatw;wpw;F mLj;jg;goahf

\d;whtJ Kf;fpa czt[g; gapuhFk;. jkpH;ehl;oy; 2.2 ,yl;rk; vf;lhpYk;/

,e;jpahtpy; 10 kpy;ypad; vf;lhpYk; ,J gaphplg;gLfpwJ. tpGg;g[uk;/

J}j;Jf;Fo/ flY}h]/ f+h]/ jpz;Lf;fy; Mfpa khtl;l';fspy; mjpf mstpy;

fk]g[ rhFgo bra;ag;gLfpwJ. fk;g[ Fiwe;j ,LbghUspy; khdhthhpapYk;/

,witapYk; ey;y kfNy; jUfpwJ. jw ;fhyj;jpy ; epyt[k ; e Ph ;

gw;whf;Fiwahy; Vw;gLk; twl;rpia jh';Fk] jd;ik bfhz;lJ. fk;g[ FWfpa

fhyg; gapuhfnt bgUk;ghYk; gaphplg;gLfpwJ.

nfhit ntshz;ikg; gy;fiyf; fHfj;jpy; cs;s rpWjhdpaj; Jiwapy;

tphpthd fk;g[ Muha;r;rp nkw;bfhs;sg;gl;L cah; tpisr;ry; juf;Toa

nfh(rpa[) 9 vd;w njh]t[ tHp ,ufk; 2004Mk; Mz;L btspaplg;gl;lJ. ,e;j

,ufk; Irpvk;tp 93752,y; ,Ue;J njh]t[ bra;ag;gl;lJ. ,e;j ,ufkhdJ a[rprp

23 vd;w bgahpy;/ Muha;r]rpepiya Ma;t[/ gy;Kidj;jply; Ma;t[ kw;Wk;

mDruiz Muha;r]rp jply; Ma;t[ Mfpatw;wpy; jPtpukhd ghpnrhjid

bra;ag;gl;l gpwnf btspaplg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;j ,ufj;jpDila kfNy; jpwd;/

neha; vjph ;g ;g[j ;jpwd;/ czt[r;rj;Jf;fs; jpwd; Mfpait btt;ntW

Ma;t[fspy; ghpnrhjpf;fg;gl;L mtw;wpd; Kot[fs; fPnH tpthpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

kfNy; jpwd;

nfh (rpa[) 9 ,ufkhdJ ,witapy; ruhrhpahf xU vf;lUf;F 2.86 ld;

kfNYk;;;/ khdhthhpapy; 2.35 ld; kfNYk; bfhLj;Js;sJ. ,J nfh 7 vd;w

,ufj;ijtpl ,witapy; 25 rjk; kw;Wk; khdhthhpapy; 21 rjKk; mjpfkhFk;.

nkYk;;/ ,e;j ,ufk; Irpvk;tp 221 vd;w njrpa ,ufj;ijtpl ,witapy; 50rjk;

kw;Wk; khdhthhpapy; 38 rjKk; mjpf kfNiyf; bfhLj;Js;sJ.

rpWjhdpaj;Jiwapy;/ ,witapy; 5 tUlk; kw;Wk; khdhthhpapy; 3 tUlk;

bra;j Muha;r;rpapd; Kothf/ ,e;j ,ufk; khdhthhp kw;Wk; ,wit Mfpa

,uz;L gUt';fspYk; nfh 7 ,ufj;ijtpl 24 rjk; kw;Wk; Irpvk;tp 221

,ufj;ijtpl 51 rjtPjKk; mjpf kfNiyf; bfhLj;Js;sJ.

gy;Kidj;jply; Ma;tpd;go xU vf;lUf;F ,e;j ,ufk;/ ,wit kw;Wk;


kyh] -33 ,jH; - 12

6

khdhthhpapy; Kiwna 1.74ld] kw;Wk; 3.21 ld; kfNiyf; bfhLj;Js;sJ.

,J nfh7 vd;w ,ufj;ijtpl ,witapy; 16 kw;Wk; khdhthhpapy; 33 rjKk;

mjpfkhFk;. nkYk;;/ ,J Irpvk;tp 221 ,ufj;ijtpl ,witapy; 17 kw;Wk;

khdhthhpapy; 35 rjKk; mjpf kfNiyf; bfhLj;Js;sJ.

mDruid Ma;thdJ/ tptrhapfspd; tay;fspy; \d;W gUt';fspYk;

elj;jg;gl;lJ. $%d;-$^iyapy; 62/ brg;lk;gh; - mf;nlhghpy; 41 kw;Wk; gpg;uthp

khh;r] khj';fspy; 50 vd bkhj;jk; 153 Ma;t[fs; cHth]fspd; tay;fspy;

elj;jg;gl;ld. ,jd; Kothf nfh(rpa[) 9 ,ufk;/ ,witapy; ruhrhpahf 2.93

ld;/vf;lh] vd;w mstpy; kfNiyf; bfhLj;J nfh 7 kw;Wk; Irpvk;tp 221

,uf';;fisf; fhl;oYk; 11 rjk; kw;Wk; 43 rjk; mjpfkhd tpisr;riy

juf;ToaJ vd;W mwpag;gl;Ls;sJ. nkYk;/ khdhthhpapy;/ ruhrhpahf 2.02

ld; / vf;lh; kfNiy mspj;J 15 rjk; kw;Wk; 17 rjk; nfh7 kw;Wk; Irpvk;tp221

,uf';fistpl mjpfkhf jhdpa kfNiyf; bfhz;ljhft[k; cs;sJ.

neha; vjph;g ;g[j;jpwd;

fk;gpy; mor]rhk;gy; neha; gutyhff; fhzg;gl;lhYk;/ ,J kfNiy

mjpf mstpy; ghjpg;gjpy;iy. nkYk; ,e;j nfh(rpa[) 9 ,ufk; mor;rhk;gy;

neha;jhf;FjYf;;fhf nrhjid bra;ag;gl;ljpy; Fiwe;j rjkhd 7.7 rjk;

ghy;gUtj;jpYk; kw ;Wk; 6 .1 rjk; tpijj;j 30Mk; ehspYk; gjpt [

bra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.

rj;Jf;fs; jpwd;

fk;g[ gapuhdJ czt[ jhdpakhft[k ; / j Ptdkhft[k ;

cgnahfg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. nfh(rpa[) 9 ,ufj;jpy; g[ujr]rj;jhdJ 13.68 rjk;

cs;sjhf fz;Lgpof;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,J kw;w ,uz;L ,uf';fistpl

(nfh7-11.13 rjk;/ Irpvk;tp221-12.00 rjk;) mjpfk; MFk;. ,jDila rikf;Fk;

jpwdhdJ ,uz;L ,uf';fSf;Fk; ,ilg;gl ;ljhft[k ; mjpf Rit

bfhz;ljhft[k; cs;sJ.

rpwg;gpay;g[fs;

� ePskhd fjph]fs; (45 br.kP.)

� mjpf J}h] vz;zpf;if (4 Kjy; 6 tiu)

� mjpf mst[ g[ujr]rj;J bfhz;lJ

� k";rs; fye;j rhk;gy; epw jhdpa';fs;

� 80 – 85 ehl;fs; taJilaJ

� mor]rhk;gy; neha;f;F vjph]g]g[ rf;jp bfhz;lJ

� nfh 7 kw;Wk; Irpvk;tp 221 ,uf';fis tpl mjpfkhd kfNy; bfhLf;ff;ToaJ.


kyh] -33 ,jH; - 12

7

rhFgo Fwpg;g[fs;

gUtk; : ,wit – rpj;jpiug;gl;lk;

khdhthhp – Mog;gl;lk;/ g[ul;lhrpg;gl;lk;

taJ : 80 – 85 ehl;fs;

tpijast[ : 5. 0 fpnyh / vf;lh;

tpijneh;j ;jp : xU fpnyh tpijia 2 fpuhk; jpuk; (m)

nfg;lhd; kUe;Jld; fye;J tpijf;ft[k;.

tpijg;g[ ,ilbtsp : 45 br.kP. x 15 br.kP.

cumst[ (fpnyh/vf;lUf;F)

xU vf;lUf;F 12.5 ld; bjhGcuk;/ 70 : 35 : 35 vd;w tpfpjj;jpy; jiH/

kzp kw;Wk; rhk;gy;rj;J Mfpatw;iw ,lntz;Lk;. jiHr;rj;jpy; xU

ghjpia moa[ukhft[k;/ kWghjpapid tpijj;j 30tJ ehspy; nkYukhft[k;

,lntz;Lk;.

gpd;bra; neh;j;jp

gaph] fiyg;g[ : tpijj;j 15 Mk; ehspy;

fisbaLj;jy; : tpijj;j 15 Mk; ehs; kw;Wk; 30-35ehl;fspy;

gaph;ghJfhg;g[

bghJthf ,e;j ,ufk; mor;rhk;gy; neha;f;F vjph;g;g[j;jpwd; bfhz;lJ.

gUt NH;epiy rhjfkhf ,Uf;Fk; fhy';fspy; mor;rhk;gy; nehapdhy;

ghjpf ;fg ;glyhk; . ,jid jtph ]f ;f/ xU fpnyh tpijia 6 fpuhk ;

bkl;lhyhf;!py; kUe;Jld; fye;J tpijf;ft[k;. neha; jhf;fg;gl;l brofis

mfw;wp gpd; bkl;lyhf;!py; 500 fpuhk;/ hpnlhkpy; vk; ,rl; eida[k;J}s;

2fpnyh (m) khd;nfhbrg; 1 fpnyh kUe;jpid bjspf;ft[k;.

Fwpg;g[ : nfh(rpa[) 9 ,ufj;jpd; ty;Yeh; tpij kw;Wk; Mjhuepiy

tpijfs; jkpH;ehL ntshz;ikg; gy;fiyf; fHfj;jpYs;s rpWjhdpaj;

Jiwapy; cw;gj;jp bra;ag;gl;L tUfpwJ. vdnt ntshz; bgUkf;fs;

midtUk; jukhd tpijfisg] bgw;W mjpf kfNy; bgWkhW nfl;Lf;

bfhs;fp;nwhk;.

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kyh] -33 ,jH; - 12

8

khdhthhpf;F Vw]w rPj;jh gHk]

khhP!;thp/ ng./ k.bry]tuh$; kw]Wk] ,uh.Jiu rp';

kz;ly Muha]r]rp epiyak]/ nfhtpyh';Fsk]

mUg]g[f;nfhl]il - 626 107bjhiyngrp vz; : 04566-220562

khdhthhpf;F Vw]w gHku';fspy] rPj;jh xU rpwe;j kukhFk]. ey]y

kzw]gh';fhd epyk] kw]Wk] fhpry] epy';fspny gaphplyhk]. ,J btg]g

kz;lyg] gFjpfspy] gRikahf btFntfkhf tsuf;Toa kukhFk]. kw]w

ku';fis fhl]oYk] kpf mjpf mst[ twl]rpia jh';fp tsuf;ToaJ. ,k]

kukhdJ/ $Pd; khjk] Kjy; ork]gh] khjk] tiu g{g]g{j;J/ fha]fha]j;J/

gH';fisj; juty]yJ. ,uf';fspy]/ V.v!].1/ ghyhefh]/ kk]khj; vd;git

rpwe;j ,uf';fs;. elt[f;F/ 4.5 kP x 4.5 kP ,ilbtspapy] 60 br.kP. fd mst[s;s

FHpfspy] 90 fpnyh bjhGcuk] ,l]L epug]g ntz;Lk]. fiuahd; kw]Wk]

vWk]g[fspd; \yk] Vw ]gLk] nrjj;ijj; jLf;f Fnshh ]ighpgh!;

g{r]rpbfhy]ypia 4 fpuhk] / 10 ypl]lh] vd;w mstpy] fye;J FHpfs; ed;F

eida[khW Cw]w ntz;Lk]. FHpfspy] ed;F tsh]e;j bkhl]L fl]oa

brofisnah my]yJ ehw]Wfisnah elyhk]. xU vf;lhpy] 490 brofis

elyhk]. khdhthhp epy';fspy] fhprypy] Mf!;l]/ brg]lk]gh] khj';fspy]

el]lhy] tlfpHf]F gUt kiHapy] ed;F tsUk]. ,wit epy';fspy] el]l

fd;Wfs; ed;F nth] Cd;Wk]tiu 7 ehl]fs; ,ilbtspapy] ePh] gha]r]r

ntz;Lk]. cuj;ij kiH Muk]gpj;jt[ld; kuj;jpypUe;J 50 br.kP. js;spa[k]/

15 br.kP. MHj;jpYk] ,lntz;Lk]. gpd;bra; neh]j;jpapy] nth] brofspy]

njhd;Wk] FUj;Jfis mfw]w ntz;Lk].

kht[g]g{r ]rp jhf;Fjy; ,iyfspYk]/ jz;oYk]/ gH';fspd;nkYk]

fhzg]gLk]. mtw]iw clnd Rj;jkhd jz;zPiu tpl]L Jilj;J

mg]g[wg]gLj;j ntz;Lk]. my]yJ gh!]ghkplhd; 0.05 rj fiuriy bjspg]ghd;

\yk] bjspf;f ntz;Lk]. ,iyg]g[s]sp nehiaf; fl]Lg]gLj;j 0.2 rj

nkd;nfhbrg] g{rzf; bfhy]ypia bjspf;fyhk]. el]l \d;W tUl';fs;

fHpj;J ku';fs; fha;g]g[f;F tUk]. ruhrhpahf xU kuk] xd;Wf;F 15 fpnyh

gH';fs; fpilf;Fk]. gHk] Kjph]r]rp mila[k]nghJ mjd; brjpy]fs; nghd;w

gFjpia Rw]wpYk] ,sk] k";rs; epwk] cz;lhFk].

bjhGcuk] 10.00 25.00 50.00

jiHr]rj;J 0.20 0.25 0.25

kzpr]rj;J 0.10 0.10 0.12

rhk]gy]rj;J 0.10 0.20 0.25

cuk] /kuj ;j pw ]F

Kjy; tUlk;

(f pnyh)

,uz;lhk; tUlk;

(f pnyh)

\d;whk; tUlk; kw;Wk;

mjw;F nky; (fpnyh)


kyh] -33 ,jH; - 12

9

Vgpnf-1 rPj;jh gHj;jpd; rpwg]gpay]g[fs;

Vgpnf-1 rPj;jhgHk] kz;ly Muha]r]rp epiyak]/ mUg]g[f;nfhl]ilapy]

cs;s rPj;jh ,uf';fspypUe;J njh]t[ bra]ag]gl]lJ. ,ay]ghd may] kfue;jr]

nrh]f;ifahy] fpilj;j ku';fspy] mjpf kfNy] bfhLf;Fk] jha] kuj;jpypUe;J

FUj;J xl]L \yk] bgUf;fk] bra]J elg]gl]l bghjpif kiy tifapypUe;J

njh]t[ bra]ag]gl]lJ. kk]khj;/ gphpl]o#;/ ifahdh/ th#p';ld;/ ghyhefh]/

mUg]g[f;nfhl]il/ bg';f~h] gFjpfspypUe;J nrfhpj;j ,ufk] nghd;witfs;

,e;jj; njh]tpDs] ml';Fk].

njh]t[ bra]ag]gl]l ,e;j ,ufk] cs;~h] ,ufj;ijtpl 50 rjKk] bg';f~h]

,ufj;ijtpl 14 rjKk] mjpf kfNy] bfhLj;J cs;sJ. njh]t[ epiyapy]

cs;s ku';fspd; ruhrhp kfNy] 9.750 fpnyhthf ,Ue;jhYk] 14-15 fpnyh

kfNy] bfhLj;j jha] ku';fspypUe;J njh]t[ bra]ag]gl]lJ. 4.5 x 4.5 kPl]lh]

(vf;lUf;F 490 ku';fs;) vd;w ,ilbtspapy] el]l ku';fspy] vf]lUf;F 7500

fpnyh kfNy] bfhLj;Js;sJ. ,e;j ku';fis kpf beUf;fkhf mjhtJ 3 x 3

kPl]lh] ,ilbtspapy] eLtjw;F rhj;jpaf;TWfs; cs;sd. rPj;jhgH nth] bro

tpijia neuoahf FHpfspy] el]L 3 khj';fs; fHpj;J mjpy] FWj]J xl]L

fl]Lk]go ghpe;Jiuf;fg]gLfpwJ. Vg]uy]/ nk khj';fspy] kyh]fs; njhd;Wk].

,jw;F gpd; kiH fpilj;jhy] ey]y kfNy] fpilf;Fk]. bghJthf Mf!;l]/

brg]lk]gh] khj';fspy] g{f;Fk] kyh]fspypUe;J gUtkiHf;Fg] gpwF etk]gh]/

$dthp khj';fspy] kfNy] fpilf;Fk]. gGf]Fk] nghJ gH';fspy] cs;s

brjpy] gFjpiar] Rw]wpYk] ,sk";rs; epwk] Vw]gl]L fth]r]rpahff; fhzg]gLk].

Rkhh] 200 fp. vil bfhz]ljhf ,Uf;Fk]. rij kw;Wk; tpij tpfpjk]

5.5:1. ,e;j ,ufk] khdhthhp rhFgof;F Vw]wJ vd ghpe;Jiuf;fg]gLfpwJ.

eLk] gUtk] $Pd;-brg]lk]gh] MFk]. elt[f;F/ 4.5kP x 4.5kP ,ilbtspapy;

90 br.kP. ePs/ mfy/ MHKs;s FHpfspy] nth] bro tpijfis neuoahf

tpijj;jy] my]yJ ,sk] ehw]Wfis el]L 3 khj';fSf;Fg] gpwF xl]Lf]

fl]Ljy] rpwg]ghdjhFk]. xU vf;lUf;F 490 ku';fs] ,Uj;jy] ntz;Lk]. kuk]

xd;Wf;F tUlj;jpw;F 50 fpnyh bjhG cuk]/ jiHr]rj;J 250 fp./ kzpr;rj;J

125 fp./ rhk]gy] rj;J 250 fp. ,l ntz;Lk;. nth] ] brofspy] njhd;Wk]

FUj;Jfis mfw]Wjy]/ fisfs] ,y]yhky] ghh]j;Jf; bfhs;Sjy]/ Kjy]

\d;W Mz;Lfspy] CLgaph] bra]jy]/ kiH ,y]yhj fhy';fspy] kuj;ij

Rw]wpYk] cyh]e;j ,iy jiHfis gug]gp itj;jy] kw;Wk; kiH ePiu nrkpf;f

jLg]g [ tug]g[fs; mikj;jy] mtrpak]. kht[g ] g{r ]rp bjd;gLk] nghJ

clDf;Fld; mg]g[wg]gLj;jp mitfis mHpf;f ntz;Lk;. mWtilf;nfw;w

Kjph]r]rpaila[k; nghJ njhypy] cs;s brjpy]fs; nghd;w gFjpiar] Rw]wpYk]

,s k";rs; gHj;jpd; epwk] cz;lhFk]. xU kuj;jpw]F 10-15 fpnyh gH';fs;

tiu kfNy] fpilf;Fk;.

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kyh] -33 ,jH; - 12

10

,e;jpah .................. tU';fhy

bfha] kyh]fspd; rhk]uh$;ak]

F.u.tp$ayjh/ ,uh.mUs;bkhHpahd; kw;Wk] J.tp$ah

njhl]lf;fiyf; fy;Y}hp kw;Wk] Muha]r;rp epiyak]

nfhak;g[j;J}h] – 641003bjhiyngrp vz;: 0422-6611373

bejh]yhe;J/ bfhyk]gpah/ ,!;nuy;/ bfd;ah/ tpLgl]l ,yj;jPd;

mbkhpf;fh/ Mg;gphpf;fh kw;Wk] Mrpah ehLfs; bfha; kyh]fs; cw;gj;jpia

nkw;bfhz;L;s;sd. jw;bghGJ Mrpa ehLfshd ,e;jpah/ rPdh/ bfhhpah/

tpal]ehk; Mfpa ehLfs; kyh; cw;gj;jpia mjpfhpj;Jf; bfhz;L tUfpd;wd.

cyfstpy; kyh]fspd; g';F

cyfstpy; kyh]fs; jw;nghJ 5.1 kpy;ypad; a{nuh kjpg]gpw;F Vw;Wkjp

bra;ag]gLfpwJ. nkYk] 2025Mk] Mz;oy; 9.0 gpy;ypad; a{nuh kjpg]gpw;F

Vw;Wkjp mjpfhpf;Fk] vd vjph]ghh]f;fg]gLfpwJ. cyfstpy; kyh] Vw;Wkjpia

xg]g pl ]Lg ]ghh ]f ;Fk]nghJ/ 1975y ; ,Ue;J 2005 tiu/ gj ;J kl';F

mjpfhpj;Js;sJ. mjhtJ 0.5 gpy;ypadpypUe;J 5.1 gpy;ypad; a{nuh kjpg]gpw;F

thzpfk] TLjyhf bra;ag]gLfpwJ.

midj;Jyf th]j;jf epiyaj;jpd; g[s;spapay; go/ bfha;kyh]fs;

Vw;Wkjp 2003-04 Mk; Mz;oy; 300 kpy;ypad; mbkhpf;fd; lhyhpypUe;J 5/051

kpy;ypad; mbkhpf;fd; lhyUf;F mjpfhpj;Js;sJ.

bejh]yhe;J ehL cyf kyh] th]j;jfj;jpy; 2900 kpy;ypad; mbkhpf;fd;

lhyh] kjpg]gplg;gl]l Vw;Wkjpa[lDk;/ bfha] kyh]fs; Vw;Wkjpapy; 58 tpGf;fhL

g';ifa[k] bgw;W Kjy; ,lj;ij tfpf;fpwJ. bfhyk]gpah bfha;kyh]fs;

th]j;jfj;jpy; 14 tpGf;fhL g';nfhL ,uz;lhk] ,lj;ij tfpf;fpwJ.

fle;j rpy Mz;Lfspy;/ cyfstpy;/ kyh] ,wf;Fkjpapy; fPH;f;fz;l

rpy khw;w';fs; epfH;e;Js;sd.

ehLfs;

bfha; kyh]fis ,wf;Fkjp bra;a[k ] Kjy; gj;J

e h L f s ;Vw;Wkjp kjpg;g[

(kpy;ypad; lhyh])

cyfstpy;

,wf;Fkjp (tpGf;fhL)

,';fpyhe;J 1/005/036 19

b$h]kdp 950/189 18

mbkhpf;fh 880/397 16

bejh]yhe;J 488/340 9


kyh] -33 ,jH; - 12

11

kyh]fs; ,wf;Fkjpapy; ,';fpyhe;J ehL 19 tpGf;fhL g';F bgw;W Kjy;

,lj;ijg] bgw;Ws;sJ. jw;nghJ mbkhpf;fh Kjy; ,lj;jpypUe;J \d;whk]

,lj;ijg] bgw;Ws;sJ.

cyfstpy; kyh]fs; Vyj;jpy; Qhye;J ehl]oy; mike;Js;s My;!;kPh]

Kjd;ikahd ,lk] tfpf;fpwJ. mt;tplj;jpy; 20 kpy;ypad; g{f ;fs;

jpde]njhWk] tpw;gid bra]ag]gLfpwJ. cyfk] KGtjpYk] ,Ue;J 7000

cw]gj]jpahsh]fs; kyh]fisa[k]/ brofisa[k] My;!;kPhpy; tpw;gid

bra]fpd;wdh] . ,';F jpde;njhWk] 5.75 kpy;ypad; a{nuh th ]j ;jfk]

bra]ag]gLfpwJ. cyfr] re;ijapy; kpifahf tpw]fg]gLk] Kjy; gj;J

kyh]fSk] mtw]wpd; kjpg]g[k] gpd;tUkhW.

gpuhd;!; 487/577 9

$g;ghd; 207/756 4

,j;jhyp 188/ 511 4

Rtpl;rh]yhe;J 165/536 3

bgy;$pak; 117/684 2

u#;ah (xU';fpizg;ghsh;) 117/238 2

vz; bfha; kyh; kjpg;g[ (kpy;ypad; a{nuh)

1. nuh$h 782.60

2. oa{ypg] 293.10

3. brt;te;jp 191.50

4. b$h]gpuh 164.10

5. ypy;yp 121.20

6. my;!;nlhuhkPhpah 70.20

7. @gphPrpah 57.40

8. fhh]ndrd; 46.70

9. Ihp!; 41.00

10. $pg]nrh@gpy;yh 39.10


kyh] -33 ,jH; - 12

12

cyfpd; rpwe;j gj;J bfha] kyh]fspy; oa{ypg]/ my;!;nlhkPhpah/ @gphPrpah/

ypy;yp kw;Wk] Ihp!; Mfpait fpH';F tifia rhh]e;jit. mtw;Ws; cyf

th]j;jfj;jpy; oa{ypg] Kjy; ,lj;ija[k] Ihp!; ehd;fhk] ,lj;ija[k]

bgw;Ws;sJ.

bejh]yhe;J ehlhdJ/ cyfstpy; ehD}W Mz;LfSf;Fk] nkyhf

fpH';F th]j;jfj;jpy; bgUk] g';F bfhz;Ls;sJ. me;ehL 18/000 vf;lh]

gug]gstpy; fpH';Ffis cw;gj;jp bra]fpwJ. fpH';F brofspdpilna oa{ypg]

kyh]fns kpf gpurpj;jp bgw]wit. cyf kyh]fs; th]j;jfj;jpy; bejh]yhe;J

ehL 60 tpGf;fhL g';Fk]/ fpH';F cw;gj;jpapy; 65 tpGf;fhLk; bgw;Ws;sJ.

,e;jpahtpy; 98.5 tpGf;fhL kyh]fs; jpwe;jbtspapy; gaphplg]gLfpd;wd.

nkYk] 1.5 tpGf;fhL kyh]fs; kl]Lnk gRikf; Foypy; gaphplg]gLfpd;wd.

10/600 vf;lhpy; kyh]fs; cw;gj]jp bra;ag;gLfpd;wd. mtw;Ws; jkpH;ehL/

Me;jpuh/ kQhuh#;ouh kw;Wk] nkw;F t';fhsj;jpy; ,it mjpf mstpy;

cw;gj]jp bra;ag]gLfpd;wd.

,e;jpahtpy; fle;j Mz;L +.300 nfho kjpg]gpw;F nky; kyh]fs; Vw;Wkjp

mjpfhpj;Js;sJ. mtw;Ws; cyh] kyh] (71%)/ bfha; kyh] (18%)/ caph]brofs;

(9 %)/ fpH';F tiffs; (1%)kw;Wk] ,sk] jsph] (1% ) ml';Fk].

Inuhg]ghtpw;F/ ,e;jpah 2.6 kpy;ypad; mstpw;F bfha; kyh]fis

Vw;Wkjp bra]fpwJ. mtw;Ws; nuh$h 94 tpGf;fhL g';F bfhz;L Kjy;

,lj;ij tfpf;fpwJ. mjd; kjpg;g[ 2.4 kpy;ypad; MFk].

vHpY}l ]Lk; ,sk] jsph ]fs; 10.5 kpy;ypad; mstpw ;F Vw;Wkjp

bra;ag]gLfpwJ. mjd; kjpg]g[ 2.2 kpy;ypad; MFk]. mJ kl]Lkd;wp jz;L

Jz;Lfs; kw;Wk] rpwpa brofs; 1.6 kpy;ypad; kjpg ]gpw ;F Vw;Wkjp

bra;ag]gLfpwJ.

,t;tha;g;ig ey;yKiwapy; ehk] gad;gLj;jpf;bfhs;nthkhdhy; cyfr]

re;ijapYk] rhp/ me;epar] bryhtzpapYk] rhp/ ,e;jpah bfha] kyh]fspy; bfho

fl]o gwf;Fk] vd;gjpy; vt;tpj IaKk; ,y;iy.

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kyh] -33 ,jH; - 12

13

ky;bghp rhFgo Kiw

m. KUnf#;/ ,uh.fpU#;zd; kw;Wk; rp.V.kfhyp';fk;

gl;Lg;g[Gtpay; Jiw/ jkpH;ehL ntshz:ikg; gy;fiyf; fHfk;

nfhak;g[j;J}h; - 641 003bjhiyngrp vz; : 0422-6611296

ky;bghp gl;Lg; g[Gtpw;F czthfg; gad:gLk; xU gy gUtg; gapuhFk;.

el;l XhpU Mz:Lfspy; KGmstpy; kfNiyf; bfhLf;Fk; ,g;gapuhdJ

10-15 Mz:Lfs; bjhlh;r;rpahf Fiwtpy;yhky; ,iyfis cw;gj;jp

bra;fpwJ. vdnt kpf rhpahd ky;bghp rhFgo Kiwiag; gpd;gw;WtJ kpft[k;

mtrpakhdJ.

ky;bghp ehw;W cw;gj;jp bra;jy;

FWfpa fhyj;jpy; mjpf kfNy; bgw ky;bghp ehw;Wfis cw;gj;jp bra;J

eLtnj rhyr] rpwe;jjhFk;. ehw;Wfis cw;gj;jp bra;tjw;F vl;L khj';fs;

tsh]r]rp mile;j ky;bghp broapypUe;J 12-15 br.kP. ePsKs;s/ 3-4 bkhl;Lfs;

bfhz:l tpijf;Fr;rpfisj; jahh; bra;J g{rz neha;fs; tuhky; jLf;f

0.2 rjtPj bgtp!:od; fiurypy; Rkhh; 15 epkpl';fs; Cu itf;f ntz:Lk;.

3 kP x 1 kP x 10 br.kP. ePs/ mfy kw;Wk; cauKs;s ehw;w';fhy; gLf;ifiaj;

jahhpj;J/ mjpy; 50 fpnyh mstpw;F bjhG cuj;ij kz:qld; ed;F

fyf;ft[k;. ehw;w';fhy; gLf;ifapd; ,Ug[wKk; tha;f;fhiyj; njhz:o

tpijf;Fr;rpfis eLtjw;F 2 ehl;fSf;F Kd;g[ ePh; gha;r;rntz:Lk;.

kz:zpw;F nky; xU bkhl;L kl;Lk; bjhpa[khW tpijf;Fr;rpfis 20 x 10

br.kP. ,ilbtspapy; neuhf el;L/ Fr;rpfis Rw;wp kz:iz ed;F mKf;f

ntz:Lk;. ehw;w';fhYf;F 3-4 ehl;fSf;F xU Kiw ePh; gha;r;r ntz:Lk;.

Fr;rpel;l 45 ehl;fSf;Fg;gpd; fis vLj;J xU rJu kPl;lUf;F 10 fpnyh

mstpy; a{hpahit kz:qld; fyf;f ntz:Lk;. g{";ir fhshd; neha;fisj;

jLg;gjw;F 0.1 rjtPj bgtp!:od; kw;Wk; g{r;rp jhf;FjypUg;gpd; 0.2 rjtPj

ilFnshh;th!: bjspf;ft[k;. xt;bthU broapYk; typikahd xU jz:L

kl;Lk] ,Uf;FkhW Rw;wpa[s;s bky;ypa jz:Lfis ePf;fptpl;L ehd;F

khj';fs; tiu tplt[k;. mjd; gpwF nth; kw;Wk; jz:ow;F nrjk; Vw;glhjthW

brofis ftdkhf ntUld; gpL';fp tpiuthf njhl;lj;jpy; elntz:Lk;.

ky;bghp njhl;lk; mikj;jy;

epyj;ij 30-45 br.kP. MHj;jpw;F 2-3 Kiwfs; ed;F cGJ/ ,uz:L

thu';fs; cyu tplntz:Lk;. mjd; gpwF xU Vf;fUf;F 8 bkl;hpf; ld;

bjhGcukpl;L ed;F kz:qld; fyf;FkhW kPz:Lk; xUKiw cHntz:Lk;.

epyj;ij rkd;bra;J/ brofis eLtjw;F 30 br.kP . MHKs;s

fhy;tha;fisj; njhz:o ,iz thpir elt[ Kiwapy; ehw;Wfis

elntz:Lk;. ,k;Kiwapy; elt[ bra;a[k; bghGJ xU ,iz fhy;tha;f;Fk;

kw;bwhU ,iz fhy;tha;f;Fk; cs;s ,ilbtsp 150 br.kP. Mft[k;/ xnu

,izapYs;s fhy;tha;fSf;F ,ilbtsp 90 br.kP. Mft[k; ,Uf;FkhW

mikj;jy; ntz:Lk;. xnu thpirapYs;s ,U mLj;jLj;j brofSf;F

,ilbtsp 60 br.kP. ,Uj;jy; mtrpakhFk;. ,k;Kiwapy; ,U mLj;jLj;j


kyh] -33 ,jH; - 12

14

,iz thpirfSf;fpilna mjpf ,ilbtsp ,Ug;gjhYk;/ nghjpa Nhpa

btspr;rk; fpilg;gjhYk; ,iyapd; juk; nkk;gLfpwJ. ehw;Wfis

eLk;nghJ/ bjhG cuj;ij tha;f;fhy;fspy; gug;gp/ kz:zpdhy; \o xnu

mst[ila Mnuhf;fpakhd ehw;Wfis el;L kz:iz ,Wf;fp mKf;f

ntz:Lk;. el;l clnd ePh; gha;r;RtJ ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;. kzw;gh';fhd

epyj;jpy; 6-7 ehl;fSf;F xU Kiwa[k;/ fspkz: epyj;jpy; 8-10 ehl;fSf;F

xU Kiwa[k; ePh; gha;r]r ntz:Lk;. ehw;W el;L 3 khj';fshd gpd; Kjy;

jtiz cukhf 50:50:50 fpnyh tpfpjj;jpy; jiH/ kzp kw;Wk; rhk;gy;

rj;Jf;fis ,l ntz:Lk;. ehw;Wfs; el;L 6 khj';fs; fHpj;J 20 br.kP. cauk;

,Uf;FkhW jz:oid btl;otpl ntz:Lk;. xt;bthU eLj;jz:oYk; 3-4 gf;fj;

jz:Lfs; ,Ug;gJ mtrpakhFk;. el;L 12-15 khj';fSf;Fg; gpwF moj;jz:od;

tsh]r]rp KGikaile;jpUf;Fk;.

ky;bghp njhl;lj;ij eph ;tfpj;jy;

xU Vf;fUf;F 8 ld; bjhG cuj;ij ,U rk jtizfshfg; gphpj;J/

mobtl;o 3-4 ehl;fs; fHpj;J Vf;fUf;F 1600 fpnyh tPjk; ,l;L kz:qld;

ed;F fyf;FkhW cH ntz:Lk; . jiH/ kzp/ rhk;gy; rj ;Jf;fis

120 : 48 : 48 fpnyh / Vf;fh; / Mz:L vd;w tpfpjj;jpy; 5 rkjtizfshfg;

gphpj;J ,l ntz:Lk;. mjhtJ xt;bthU jz:L mWtilf;Fg; gpwFk; xU

Vf;fUf;F nkw;Twpa rj;Jf;fis 249:69.6 fpnyh tPjk; ,lntz:Lk;.

kz:zpd; fhu mkpy epiy 7.0 f;F nky; ,Ue;jhy; jiHr;rj;ij mk;nkhdpak;

ry;ngl;lhft[k;/ 7.0f;F fPH; ,Ue;jhy; a{hpahthft[k; ,l ntz:Lk;. kzpr;

rj;jpw;F Ng;gh; gh!:ngl;ila[k;/ rhk;gy; rj;jpw;F bghl;lh#paj;ija[k;

gad:gLj;JtJ rpwe;jJ. ,iz thpirfSf;fpilapy; fhy;tha;fisj;

njhd;o 7-10 ehl;fSf;F xU Kiw nghjpa mst[ ePh; gha;r;r ntz:Lk;. xU

Vf;fUf;F xU Mz:ow;F 8 fpnyh mnrh!:ighpy;yk; kw;Wk; 4 fpnyh

gh!:nghghf;Ohpah nghd;w Ez:qaph] cu';fis cgnahfg;gLj;Jtjd;

\yk; 25 rjtPj ,urhad cu';fisf; Fiwf;fyhk;. njhl;lj;jpw;F cukpl;L

7 kw;Wk; 15 ehl;fs; fHpj;J 0.25 rjtPj brhpg{!:l; fiuriy ,U Kiw

bjspg;gjd; \yk; jukhd ,iyfisg; bgwyhk;. xU Vf;fUf;F njhuhakhf

625 kp.yp. brhpg{!:l; njitg;gLfpwJ. g{";irf; fhshd; neha;fis 0.1 rjtPj

bgtp!:od; gad:gLj;jp jLf;fyhk;. g{r;rp jhf;FjypUg;gpd; 0.2 rjtPj

ilFnshhh]th!: my;yJ 3 rjtPj ntg;bgz:bza;f; fiuriyj; bjspf;f

ntz;Lk;. neha; kw;Wk; g{r;rpapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l ,iyfisg; gwpj;J

mHpj;JtpLtJ kpft[k; rpwe;j xU tHpKiwahFk;.

jz:L mWtil

elt[ bra;J 6 khj';fSf;Fg] gpwF Kjy; ,iy mWtilia bra;ayhk;.

mLj;j ,iy mWtilia fthj;J bra;J 45-50 ehl;fs; fHpj;J bra;ayhk;.

btl;oa jz:Lfis <urhf;fpdhy; \o/ khiy neu';fspy; g[G tsh;g;g[

kidf;F vLj;Jr; bry;y ntz:Lk;. nkw;Twpa bray; Kiwfisj;

jpwikahfg; gpd;gw;Wtjd; \yk; xU Vf;fh] ky;bghp ,ufj;jpypUe;J xU

Mz:ow;F Rkhh] 25-30 ld; kfNiyg; bgwyhk;.

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kyh] -33 ,jH; - 12

15

gnah Ory;

,aw;if vhpbghUs; Kd;ndw;wj;jpy; ,e;jpahtpd; jw;nghija epiy

,e;jpahtpy; jw;nghJ ,aw;if vhpbghUl;fs; kpf Kf;fpak; tha;e;jjhff;

fUjg;gLfpwJ. Vbddpy; mtw;iw cgnahfpg;gjd; \yk; thfd';fspypUe;J

btspnaWk; fhpa mkpy tha[f;fspd; rjtPjk; FiwtJ kl;Lky;yhky;

Rw;Wg[w R{Hy; khRglhky; ghJfhf;fg;gLfpwJ. Kw;fhyj;jpy; rh;f;fiu

Miyfspypd; \yk; behjpf;fg;gl;l rhWfs; (Molasses) my;yJ mtw;iw

bfhz;L jahhpj;j vj;jdhy; (Ethanol) nghd;wtw;iw Kjy; ,aw;if

vhpbghUshf thfd';fSf;Fg; gad;gLj;jp te;jdh;. gpnurpy; ehl]oy; fle;j

300 Mz;L fhykhf bgl;nuhYld; vj;jdhy; ,aw;if vhpbghUs;fis

fye;J cgnahfpj;J te;jdh;. nkYk; tpw;gid hPjpahf mbkhpf;fh kw;Wk;

Inuhg;gh ehLfs; kpf mjpf mstpy; ,t;tif vhpbghUl;fis gad;gLj;jp

tUfpd;wdh;. ,e;jpa ehL rh]f;fiu cw;gj;jpapy; rpwe;J tps';Ftjhy;

vj;jdhy; cw;gj;jp fzprkhd mstpy; mjpfhpj;J fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,e;jpa

vz;bza; fhh]g]gnu#d; kw;Wk; Muha;r;rp kw;Wk; nkk;ghl;L ika';fspy;

nkw;bfhs;sg;gl;l gy Muha;r;rp nrhjidfspd; \yk; 5 rjtPj vj;jdhiy

bgl;nuhYld; fye;J thfd';fSf;F gad;gLj;jyhk; vd Muha;r;rp Kotpy;

Twpdh;. ,e;j ,zf;fkhd fyitfis tpw;gid hPjpahf gy;tif

khepy';fspy; cgnahfpj;J btw;wp mile;jjhy;/ vj;jdhypd; rjtPjj;ij

10 rjtPjkhf cah;j;j jpl;lk; nkw;bfhz;Ls;sdh;. ,tw;wpd; \yk; mjpf

mstpy; tha[ vhpbghUl;fis gad;gLj;Jtjw;F gjpyhf vj;jdhiy

(Ethanol) ,aw;if vhpbghUshf vspa Kiwapy; gad;gLj;jyhk;. Mdhy;

jw ;nghija R{H ;e piyapy; gnah Orypd; njitfs; mjpfhpj ;J

bfhz;oUf;fpwJ. ekJ ehL gnah Ory; njitapy; ,d;Wk; jd;dpiwt[

milatpy;iy. gnah Ory; midj;J tif fha;fwp vz;bza;fspypUe;Jk;/

; tpy';Ffspd; bfhGg;g[fspypUe;Jk; jahhpf;fg;gLfpwJ. gnah Ory; ,aw;if

bghUl;fspypUe;J jahhpf ;fg ;gl ;L nkYk; mtw;iw ,ae;jpuj ;jpy ;

cgnahfpf ;Fk; nghJ vhpa[k ; jd;ik bfhz;Ls;sjhy; mg;bgaiu

bfhz;Ls;sJ. gnah Ory; / bgl ;nuhypak; Orypd; Fz';fis

bfhz;Ls;sjhy; mtw;iw ,ae;jpuj;jpy; gad;gLj;j khw;wk; bghpJk;

njitg;glhJ. nkYk; ve;j tpfpjj;jpy; ntz;LkhdhYk; gnah Oriy

bgl;nuhy; OrYld; fye;J cgnahfpf;fyhk;. gnah Oriy ,ae;jpuj;jpy;

cgnahfpg;gjd; \yk; mtw;wpypUe;J btspnaWk; ePh]fhpk';fs; fhh]gd;

nkhdhf;irL kw;Wk; fe;jf il Mf;irL rjtPjk; Fiwe;nj fhzg;gLfpwJ.

fle;j 10-15 Mz;Lfshf mbkhpf;fh/ b$h]kdp kw;Wk; gy Kf;fpa


kyh] -33 ,jH; - 12

16

ehLfspy; gnah Ory; kpfr] rpwe;j ,aw;if vhpbghUshf gad;gLj;jg;gl;L

tUfpwJ. nkYk;/ fle;j 2-3 Mz;Lfshf nkw;Twg;gl;l ehLfspy; ,aw;if

vhpbghUl;fspd; cw;gj;jp gd;kl';F bgUfpa[s;sJ. ,e;ehLfspy; gnah

Oriy tpy';Ffspd; bfhGg;g[ kw;Wk; fha;fwp vz;bza;fshd nrhah/

Nhpafhe;jp nghd;wtw;iwf; bfhz;L cw;gj;jp bra;fpd;wdh]. Mdhy; ekJ

,e;jpahtpd; jw;nghija NH;epiy/ fha;fwp vz;bza;ia btspehl;oypUe;J

,wf;Fkjp bra;a ntz;oajhf cs;sJ. Mjyhy; rhg;gpl my;yhj

(non-edible oil) fha;fwp vz;bza;ia kl;Lnk gnah Ory; jahhpf;f ,e;jpah

gad;gLj;j ntz;oa mtrpak; Vw;gl;Ls;sJ. ,tw;Ws;/ b$l;nuhgh fh]fh!;

(Jatropha curcas) kw;Wk; fu";rpah (Karanjia) Mfpatw;iw gf;ftpyf;F

rhFgoaw;w epy';fspy; tsh]j;J gad;bgwyhk;. Vbddpy;/ ekJ ehl;oy;

,tw;iw nghd;w epy';fs; mjpfk; fhzg;gLtjhy; b$l;nuhgh nghd;w

gaph]fis rhFgo bra;tjw;F VJthf mika[k;.

,e;jpa murpd; jpl;lf;FG (Planning Commission, GOI) b$l;nuhgh

tpijfspypUe;J bgwg;gLk; gnah Oriyg; gw;wp fUj;jha;t[ bra;j gpd;g[

mtw;iw cgnahfpf;fyhk; vd Mizapl;Ls;sJ. fhl;lhkzf;F bro

midj;J kz; tiffs;/ beUf;fkhd elt[ kw;Wk; Fiwe;j \yjdk; kw;Wk;

guhkhpg;g [ Mfpatw;iw bfhz;Ls;sjhy; ,e;jpajpl;lf;FG mtw;iw

gnahOry; cw;gj;jpf;Fj; njh;t[ bra;Js;sdh]. nkYk; b$l;nuhgh tpijfspy;

mjpf vz;bza; rj;J (>30%) ,Ug;gjhy;/ mtw;wpypUe;J gnah Oriy vspjhf

jahhpf;fyhk;. jw;nghija jpl;lj;jpd;go 2009Mk; Mz;Lf;Fs; ehd;F

kpy;ypad; vf;lh]fs; b$l;nuhgh rhFgof;F cl;gLj;jg;gl;L gpd;tUfpd;w

Mz;Lfspy; gj;J kpy;ypad; vf;lh;fshf cah;j;jg]gl cs;sJ.

jw;nghJ ,e;jpa ehl;od; ntshz;ikg] gy;fiyf; fHf';fs; g[jpa

bjhHpy;El;g';fisg; gad;gLj;jp b$l;nuhghtpd; kfNiy mjpfhpf;f

gy;tif Muha;r]rpfis nkw;bfhz;L btw;wpa[k; fz;Ls;sdh;. nkYk;

b$l;nuhgh kfNiy nkk;gLj;jt[k; kw;Wk; mjpfkhf gaph] elt[ bghUl;fis

cUthf;ft[k;/ gy rpwe;j ntshz; cj;jpfis mwpKfg;gLj;jpa[s;sdh;. gy

khepy muRfs; Fwpg;ghf rl;o!;fh;/ cj;jufz;l;/ jkpH;ehL/ Qhpahdh

nghd;w khepy muRfs; rhFgoaw;w epy';fis muR my;yhj

epWtd';fSf;F (NGOs) b$l;nuhgh elt[ bra;tjw;F njhw;Wtpj;Js;sdh].

,e;jpahtpy; gnah OrYf;F juFwpaPLfismwpKfg;gLj;jp Rkhh; 5 rjtPj

gnah Oriy bgl ;nuhy; OrYld; fye;J cgnahfpf ;fyhk; vd

mwpt[Wj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;jpahtpy; gy Muha;r;rp epWtd';fs; gnah Oriy

gy;ntW ,ae;jpu';fspy; nrhjid bra;J mtw;wpd; cgnahfj;ij kjpg;gPL


kyh] -33 ,jH; - 12

17

bra;Js;sdh;. nkYk; ,f;fyitfs; ,e;jpa ,uapy;ntapy; gy Ory; ,uapy;

tz;ofs; ,a';f bghpJk; gad;gLj;jg;gl;L tUfpd;wd. gy khepy rhiy

nghf ;Ftuj;Jf; fHf';fs; ,f ;fyitfis ngUe;J ,a';f

gad;gLj;Jfpd;wd. ,e;jpa muR ,j;jpl;lj;jpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij bghpJk;

fUj;jpy; bfhz;L gy thp rYiffis jUtjhf Twpa[s;sJ. vz;bza;

tpw ;gid epWtd';fs; gnah Ory;fis ,UgJf;Fk; nkw ;gl ;l

,Ug;gpl';fspypUe;J tpiyf;F th';Ftjw;fhf xg;ge;jk; mspj;Js;sd.

,e;jpahtpy; jw;nghJ MW epWtd';fs; gnah Ory; cw;gj;jpapy; Kf;fpa

,lj;ij tfpf;fpd;wd. MapDk; b$l;nuhgh vz;bza; tpw;gid hPjpahf

fpilf;fhjjhy; mtw;wpd; tpiy mjpfhpj;J fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,tw;Ws; rpy

epWtd';fspy; juk; Fiwe;j gz;glhj ghkhapiy btspehLfspypUe;J

,wf;Fkjp bra;J mtw;iw gnah Oryhf khw;wp cgnahfpj;J tUfpd;wdh;.

tUfpw Mz;Lfspy;/ b$l;nuhgh fpilf;Fk; jd;ik mjpfhpj;J mtw;wpw;F

jFe;j tpiyia eph;zapg;gjd; \yk; midj;J epWtd';fSk; b$l;nuhgh

gnah Ory; cw;gj;jpf;F khwptpLk; vdf; fUjg;gLfpwJ. vdnt ,e;jpahtpy;

gnah Ory; cw;gj;jpf;F gpufhrkhd vjph;fhyk; ,Ug;gjhf Twg;gLfpwJ.

nkYk; ,j;jpl;lk; fpuhkg;g[w kf;fSf;F ntiytha;g;g[ ju tHptFj;Js;sJ.

gnah Ory;fSf;F mjpf tpw;gid ,Ug;gjhy; gy vz;bza; epWtd';fSf;F

rhjfkhf mike;Js;sd. jw;nghJ ,e;jpa Orypd; gad;ghL tUlj;jpw;F

Vwj;jhH 42 kpy ;ypad; ld;fshf cs;sJ. mit tUfpd;w gj ;J

Mz;LfSf;Fs; 60 kpy;ypad; ld;fshf caUk; vd vjph]ghh]f;fg]gLfpwJ.

tU';fhy gnah Ory; njitfis g{h]j;jp bra;a midj;J jug;gpdh;fSk;

Tl;L Kaw;rp bra;J/ mjpf b$l;nuhgh kuf;fd;Wfis elt[ bra;a

Kd;tuntz;Lk;.

nkYk; tpgu';fSf;F bjhlh;g[ bfhs;sntz;oa Kfthp/

Kidth; Lyp

Kjd;ik jpl;l mYtyh;

,e;jpa vz;bza; bjhHpy; El;gf; fHfk;

@ghpjhghj;

ed;wp: www.Commodity India.com, Comprehensive Agri-Commodity Intelligence

jkpHhf;fk;

f. n#hgh/ KJepiy khztp/ fha;fwp gaph;fs; Jiw/

njhl;lf;fiyf; fy;Y}hp kw;Wk; Muha;r;rp epiyak;/ nfhak;g[j;J}h; - 641 003.

bjhiy ngrp vz; : 94432 15498

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kyh] -33 ,jH; - 12

18

thiHapy; fhyepiyg] gpur]ridfis

rkhspg]gJ vg]go>

Kidth] f.b$.b$agh!;fud; kw;Wk;

Kidth] vk;.vk;.K!;jgh

njrpa thiH Muha;r]rp ikak;/ jpUr]rpuhg]gs;sp - 620 102

bjhiyngrp vz; : 04361-2618104

thiHapy;/ g{rz';fs;/ ghf;Ohpahf;fs;/ er]Raphpfs;/ g{r ]rpfs;/

E}w;g[Gf;fs; nghd;w caphprhh] gpur]ridfshy; (biotic stress) kfNy;

,Hg]g[fs; Vw;gLtijg] nghd;nw caphprhuhg] gpur]ridfshd (abiotic stress)

jl;gbtg]gepiy/ fhw;W/ twl;rp/ bts;sk;/ gdp nghd;w fhyepiyg]

gpur]ridfshy; Fwpg]gplj;jf;f kfNy; ,Hg]g[fs; Vw;gLfpd;wd.

jl;gbtg]gepiy

thiH kpjbtg]gkz;lyk; kw;Wk; btg]gkz;lyg] gapuhFk;. rhpahd

thiH tsh]r]rpf;F gfy;neu btg]gepiy 25 Kjy; 35 ofphp bry;rpaRf;Fk;

,ut[neu btg]gepiy 20 Kjy; 22 ofphp bry;rpaRf;Fk; cl;gl;ljhf ,Uf;f

ntz;Lk;. Fwpg]ghf/ btg]gepiy 10 ofphp bry;rpair tpl Fiwe;jhy;/

thiHapd; tsh]r ]rpa[k ; / Fiyjs;SjYk; ghjpf ;fg ]gLk;. 13.5 ofphp

bry;rpaRf;Ff; fPH; thiHapy; ve;j xU tsh]rpijkhw;wKk; (Metabolicactivity) Vw;gLtjpy;iy. fhw;wpd; btg]gepiy 40 ofphp bry;rpair tpl

mjpfkhdhy;/ thiHapd; jpRf;fs; bte;J fUfptpLk; mghak; cs;sJ.

fhw;W

mjpfntfj;Jld; fhw;W tPRk; ,l';fspy; thiHia rhFgo bra;tijj;

jtph]f;f ntz;Lk;. fhw;wpd; ntfk; kzpf;F 30 fpnyhkPl;liuj; jhz;Lk; nghJ/

ku';fspd; Ml;lj;jhy;/ nth]fs; mWgl;L nrjkila[k;. ,iyfs; eL euk;gpd;

,Ug[wKk; Fiwe;jJ 10 br.kP. mfyj;jpy; gl;il gl;ilahff; fpHpa[k;.

fhw;wpd; ntfk; 45 fpnyhkPl;liu jhz;Lk; nghJ ,iyfs; 5 brd;okPl]lUf;Ff;

Fiwthd mfyj;jpy; gl ;ilfshff; fpHpa[k ; . ,jdhy;/ thiHapy;

xspr]nrh]f;if eilbgWtJ Fiwtjhy; tsh]r]rpapy; ghjpg]g[ cz;lhfp/

Fwpg]gplj;jf;f kfNypHg]g[ Vw;gLk;. fhw;wpd; ntfk; 50 fpnyhkPl]liuj;

jhz;Lk; nghJ/ kuk; KGtJk; ntnuhL rha;e;J tpLk; my;yJ jz;od;

eLg]gFjpapy; xoe;J tpGe;JtpLk;. ,jdhy; mjpfkhd bghUshjhu nrjk;

Vw;gLfpwJ. Fwpg]ghfj; jkpH;ehl;oy;/ rpj;jpiu khjj;jpy; (Vg;uy;-nk) ‘rpj;jpiu

RHp' vd;Dk; Nwhtsp/ fhw;wpd; btg]gkhw;wj;jhy; m';Fkp';Fkhf Vw;gLk;.

mg]bghGJ/ thiH ku';fs; kpf mjpf mstpy; mHpe;J/ thiH tptrhapfs;

fLk; e#;lkilfpd;wdh]. bghJthf/ ijg]gl;lj;jpy; ($dthp-gpg]uthp) elt[

bra;ag]gl;l thiH ku';fs; ,uz;L khj taJila fd;Wfshf ,Ug]gjhy;

,j;jifa nrjj;jpypUe;J jg]gpj;JtpLfpd;wd. Mfnt/ rpj;jpiu RHpiaf;

fUj;jpy; bfhz;L/ thiH elt[ gUtj;ij khw;wpaikf;f ntz;Lk;.


kyh] -33 ,jH; - 12

19

thiH Fiyjs;Sk; rkaj;jpy;/ rw;W kpjkhd fhw;iwf;Tl jh';fhky;

kuk; xoe;Jtpl tha;g]g[fs; cs;sjhy;/ jplkhd \';fpy; my;yJ rt[f;F

fl;ilfisf; bfhz;L Fiyf;F vjph]g[wkhf Kl;L fl;l ntz;Lk;. nkYk;/

kuj;ij Rw;wp kz; mizf;f ntz;Lk;. thiHapy; \';fpy; my;yJ rt[f;F

fl;ilfisf; bfhz;L Kl;Lf;bfhLg]gjw;Fg] gjpyhf/ Fiwe;j brytpy;/

fapw ;iwf; bfhz;Lk; / thiH ku';fis xd;Wld; xd;iwf;fl ;o

ghJfhf;fyhk;. ,k;Kiwapy; thiH ku';fSf;F eLtpy; Mg]g[ moj;J/

mjid Rw;wpa[s;s ku';fis fapw;wpdhy; ,Gj;Jf; fl;lyhk; my;yJ xU

kuj;jpd; mog]gFjpiaa[k;/ mLj;Js;s kuj;jpd; fGj;Jg] gFjpiaa[k;

fapw;why; ,izj;Jf; fl;lyhk;. khw;W Kiwahf/ thiH ku';fSf;fpilna

fl;Lf;fk;gpiaf; fl;o ku';fs; rhahky; jLf;Fk; Kiw rpwe;j gyid

mspf;fpwJ. ,k;Kiwapy;/ Kjypy;/ xt;bthU kuj;ijr] Rw;wp 7 mo cauj;jpy;

kzpf;fapiwf; fl;lntz;Lk;. gpd;g[ thiHf;F thiH ehd;F jpirfspYk;

18 fh$; fl;Lf;fk;gpiaf; fl;lntz;Lk;. filrpapy;/ Xu';fspYs;s thiH

ku';fis jiuapy; Mg]goj;J (kpd;fk;g';fspYs;s !;nl fk;gpiag] nghy;)

‘!;nl' fk;gpia gykhff; fl;lntz;Lk;. ,k;Kiwapy;/ xU Vf;fUf;F Rkhh]

35 fpnyh fl;Lf;fk;gpa[k;/ 2 fl;L kzpfapWk; njitg]gLfpd;wd. ,t;thW

bra;tjhy;/ fhw;W vj;jpirapypUe;J moj;jhYk; ku';fs; rha;tjpy;iy.

,k;Kiwapy;/ xU Vf;fUf;F MFk; bryt[ +.4000/- kl;Lnk. Mdhy;/ rt[f;Ff;

fl;ilahy; Kl;L bfhLf;Fk; nghJ Vf;fUf;F +.35000/- bryt[ MFk;.

twl;r p

thiHapd; tsh]r]rpg]gUtj;ijg] bghUj;J/ kuj;jpw;F Rkhh] 15 Kjy; 25

ypl;lh] jz;zPh] njitg]gLfpwJ. mjhtJ/ thiHapd; thH;ehspy;/ 1800 Kjy;

2100 kp.kP. jz;zPh] mtrpak;. bghJthf/ Mw;Wg] ghrdj;ija[k;/ fpzw;Wg;

ghrdj;ija[k; ek;gpna thiH gaphplg]gLfpwJ. rpj;jpiu khjj;jpy;/

fLikahd jz;zPh] gw;whf;Fiw Vw;gLtjhy;/ thiHf;F rhpahd mstpy;

ePh]ghrdk; bra;aKoahj NH;epiy Vw;gLfpwJ. nkYk; thiH ePh]rj;J

epuk;gpa bkd;ikahd kukhf ,Ug]gjhy;/ fLikahd btg]gepiyapy;/

jz;zPiu nrkpj;J itf;Fk; jpwdpy;yhky;/ twl;rpf;fhy';fspy;/ mjpfkhd

ePuhtpg]nghf;fhy; mjpf mstpy; ePh]rj;ij ,Hf;fpwJ. ,jdhy;/ njitahd

Cl;lr]rj;Jf;fis kz;zpypUe;J thiH ku';fshy; vLj;Jf;bfhs;s

Koahky; kfNypy; mjpf ,Hg]g[ Vw;gLfpwJ. ,t;thW twl;rpf; fhy';fspy;/

xU Fwpg]gpl;l msitf;fhl;oYk; ku';fs; mjpfkhf thotpl;lhy;/ mitfs;

jz;zPh] gha;r]rpdhYk; giHa epiyf;Fj; jpUk;ghky; kuk; KGtJk;

fha;e;JtpLk;. ,jdhy;/ thiHapy; mjpf kfNy; ,Hg]g[ Vw;gLfpwJ.

,jidj; jtph]g]gjw;F/ thiHapy; brhl;LePh] ghrdj;ijf; filgpof;f

ntz;Lk;. twl;rpf; fhy';fspy;/ brhl;LePh] ghrdj;jpd; \yk;/ Fiwe;j mst[

jz;zPiu rPuhf vy;yh thiH ku';fSf;Fk; kz;zpy; njitahd

<ug]gjj;Jld; gfph]e;jspg]gjhy;/ thiHapy; Fwpg]gplj;jf;f kfNy; ,Hg]g[

Vw;gLtjpy;iy. nkYk;/ ,k;Kiwapy;/ ehs;njhWk; jz;zPh] tplg]gLtjhy;/

thiH ku';fs; fha;tjpy;iy. brhl;LePh] ghrdj;Jld; jFe;j \lhf;F/ kz;


kyh] -33 ,jH; - 12

20

nghh;it/ <u';fhg ]g pdpfis rpwe ;j Kiwapy; gad;gLj;jpdhy; /

twl;rpf;fhy';fspy;/ Fiwe;j mst[ jz;zPiuf; bfhz;L/ thiHapy; mjpf

kfNy; bgwyhk;. brhl;LePh] ghrdj;jpd; \yk; cu';fis Fiwe;j mlh]tpy;

ehs;njhWk; thiHf;F mspg]gjd;\yk;/ cu';fspdhy; kz; <ug]gjj;jpy;

Vw;gLk; vjph]tpiriaf; Fiwj;J/ twl;rpapd; fLikahd tpist[fisf;

Fiwf;fKoa[k;.

nfhil btapy;

jkpH;ehl;oy; thiH rhFgo gFjpfspy; nfhilf;fhyj;jpy; fhw;wpd;

btg]gepiy 40 ofphp bry;rpairj; jhz;LfpwJ. nkYk;/ ez;gfypy; Nhpa

btspr]rk; Rkhh] 24000 fpnyh $%y;i!j; jhz;LfpwJ. ,jdhy;/ thiHapd;

,iyfs; kw;Wk; ,iyf;fhk;g[fs; Nhpa btg]gj;jhy; bte;J fUfptpLfpd;wd.

,jdhy;/ ,iyfs; xoe;J bjh';Fk; mwpFwpfs; bjd;gLfpd;wd. ,j;jifa

mwpFwpfs; buhg!;lh/ fpuhz;l; ead; nghd;w ,uf';fspy; mjpfkhfj;

bjd;gLfpd;wd. ,jidj; jtph]g]gjw;F/ thiHj; njhl;lj;jpy;/ fpHf;F-nkw;fhf

cs;s thpir kpf ePskhft[k;/ tlf;F-bjw;fhf cs;s thpir FWfpajhft[k;

mikj;Jf;bfhs;s ntz;Lk;. ,jdhy;/ xU thiHkuj;jpd; epHy; mjpf

mstpy; mLj;Js;s kuj;ijg] ghJfhf;Fk;.

nkYk;/ fLikahd btapy; fhy';fspy;/ thiH jhh] nghl;L tsh]e;J

bfhz;oUe;jhy;/ jhhpd; bfhd;idapd; tise;j nkw;gFjp bte;J

nrjkilfpwJ. ,e;j fhaj;jpd; tHpahf xUrpy g{rz';fs; my;yJ

ghf;Ohpahf;fs; cl]brd;W jhf;Ftjhy; bfhd;idg]gFjp KGtJk;

mGfptpLfpwJ. bfhd;id mGfptpLtjhy;/ fha;fspd; tsh]r]rp jilgLfpwJ.

,jdhy; thiHapy; mjpf kfNy; ,Hg]g[ Vw;gLfpwJ. nkYk;/ thiHf;fha;fs;

KGikahd Kjph]r]rp milahknyna/ fha;fs; gGf;f Muk;gpf;Fk;.

,j;jUzj;jpy;/ fLikahd btg]gj;jpdhy;/ njhypypUe;J mjpf mst[

ePh]rj;J btspnaWtjhy; Kjypy; njhy;gFjpapy; btog]g[fs; njhd;wp gpd;g[

cl;rijapy; btog]g[fs; njhd;Wk;. ,g;gpur]ridfisj; jtph]g]gjw;F/

thiHkuj;jpy ; cs;s fz;zhog ] ghisiaf; bfhz;Lk; / fha;e ;j

,iyrUFfisf; bfhz;Lk;/ btapy; jhf;fhjthW bfhd;idg]gFjpia

\lntz;Lk; my;yJ bfhd;idg]gFjp Kjy; jhhpd; Edp tiu/ jFe;j

fhw;nwhl;lj; Jisa[ld; (4-6%) Toa 100 fh$; ghypj;jPd; ciwbfhz;L

\lntz;Lk;. btapy; fhy';fspy;/ thiHj;njhl;l kz;zpd; btg]gk; Rkhh]

40 ofphp bry;rpairj; bjhLfpwJ. ,t;btg]gkhdJ/ thiHapd; jz;Lg]gFjp

kz;qld; nrUk; gFjpapy; cs;s jpRf;fis nrjg]gLj;JfpwJ. ,e;j

fhaj;jpd; tHpahf vh]tPdpah vd;Dk; ghf;Ohpah thiH mGfy; nehia

Vw;gLj;JfpwJ. ,jidj; jtph]f;f/ kz;zpy; thiHkuj;jpd; jz;il Rw;wp

\lhf;F my;yJ kz;nghh]it mikf;f ntz;Lk;. nkYk;/ brhl;LePh] ghrdk;

nkw;bfhz;lhy;/ kuj;ij Rw;wp vg]nghJk; jz;zPh] ,Ug]gjhy;/ kz;zpd;

btg ]gk ; cau tha;g ]g py ;iy. thiH ku';fSf;F Fwpg ;ghf

nfhilf;fhy';fspy; khiy neu';fspy; jz;zPh] gha;r]Rtjd; \yk;/

nth]fSf;F nrjk; Vw;gLtijj; jtph]f;fyhk;.


kyh] -33 ,jH; - 12

21

bts;sk;

thiHapy; jz;zPh] nj';FtjhYk; gpur]ridfs; Vw;gLfpd;wd. thiH

gaphplg]gLk; epy';fs; ey;y tofhy; trjpa[ld; MHkhd kz;qld;

,Uf;fntz;Lk;. mt;thwpy;iynay;/ nth]gFjpapy; jz;zPh] nj';fp/

nth]fSf;Fj; njitahd fhw;nwhl;lk; ,y;yhky;/ ,iyfs; gGj;J ku';fs;

gl;Lg]ngha;tpLk;. ,j;jifa gpur]ridfs; e";ir epy';fspy; jhd; mjpfkhf

fhzg]gLfpwJ. ,t;thwhd epy';fspy;/ mjpfkhd jz;zPh] gha;r]Rtjhnyh

my;yJ mjpfkhd kiHapdhnyh/ jz;zPh] nj';fpdhy;/ epyj;jpd; nky;kz;

bts;s ePhpy; moj;J bry;yg]gLk;. ,jdhy;/ thiHapy; Cl;lr]rj;Jg]

gw;whf;Fiw Vw;gl;L/ thiHapy; kfNy; ,Hg]g[ Vw;gLfpwJ. ,jidj;

jtph]g]gjw;F/ e";ir epy';fspy;/ thiHku thpirfSf;F FWf;fhft[k;/

beLf;fhft[k; fpl';Ffis mikj;J/ bts;s ePiu toj;J tpl ntz;Lk;.

nkYk;/ fpl';fpd; MHj;ij mjpfhpj;J/ jz;zPh] kl;lk;/ nth]gFjpf;Ff; fPH;

,Uf;FkhW Fiwf;fntz;Lk;. ,e;j fpl';Ffis/ kw;w neu';fspy; jz;zPh]

gha;r]Rk; tha;f;fhy;fshft[k; gad;gLj;jyhk;. bts;sj;jpdhy; ghjpf;fg]gl;l

thiHj; njhl;l';fspy;/ Cl;lr]rj;Jg] gw;whf;Fiwfis fz;lwpe;J/

njitahd Cl;lr]rj;Jf;fis ,lntz;Lk;. Fwpg;ghf/ bghl;lh#pak;

(rhk;gy; rj;J)/ Rz;zhk;g[/ kf;dPrpak; nghd;w rj;Jf;fs; bts;s ePuhy; kpft[k;

vspjhf moj;Jr] bry;yg]glf;Toait MFk;. Mfnt/ ,t;t{l;lr]rj;Jf;fspd;

gw;whf;Fiw Vw;gl;oUe;jhy;/ cldoahf ,t;t{l;lr]rj;Js;s cu';fis

jFe;j mstpy; kz;zpypl;nlh my;yJ ,iynky; bjspj;njh thiHapy;

kfNy; ,Hg]igj; jtph]f;f ntz;Lk;.

Fsph] kw;Wk; gdpg;bghHpt[

,e;jpahtpd; tlkhepy';fshd kfhuh#;ouh/ F$uhj;/ gPQhh]/ m!;!hk;

nghd;w ,l';fspy; thiH Fsph]fhy';fspy; fLikahd FsphpdhYk;/

gdpg]bghHptpdhYk;/ ciwgdpahYk; mjpfk; ghjpf;fg]gLfpwJ. ,nj nghd;w

gUtepiy (5 ofphp bry;rpa!pw;Ff; Fiwthd Fsph]fhy';fs;) jkpH;ehl;oy;

kiythiH gaphplg]gLk; rpWkiy/ gd;wpkiy/ fPH; gHdp kiyg; gFjpfspy;

epyt[fpwJ. ,e;neu';fspy;/ thiHapd; jpRf;fs; ciwtjhy;/ ,iyfSk;/

,s';FWj;JfSk; fUfp nrjkilfpd;wd. jhh] Ruf;Fk; jUzkhf ,Ue;jhy;/

jhiu bky;ypa ghypj;jPd; ciwbfhz;L \o gdpapypUe;J ghJfhf;f

ntz;Lk;. ,t;thW caphprhuhg] gpur]ridfshd mjpf btg]gk;/ kiH/

bts;sk;/ fhw;W/ twl;rp/ Fsph] Mfpatw;wpd; fLikia jFe;j ntshz;

bjhHpy; El;g';fisg; gad;gLj;Jtjd; \yk; Fiwj;J/ thiHapd;

tsh]r]rpia Cf;Ftpf;f nkw;Twpatw;iw tptrhapfs; fUj;jpy; bfhz;L

bray;gl;lhy; thiHapy; mjpf ,yhgk; bgwKoa[k; vd;gjpy; ve;jtpj IaKk;

,y;iy.

��


kyh] -33 ,jH; - 12

22

jf;fhspapy; xU';fpize;j g{r;rp nkyhz;ik

F. nfhtpe;jd;/ \. rk;gj; Fkhh] kw;Wk; bg. enlrd;

ntshz; g{r]rpapay; Jiw/ jkpH;ehL ntshz;ikg] gy;fiyf; fHfk;/

nfhak;g[j;J}h; - 641 003bjhiyngrp vz;: 0422-6611214

jf;fhsp Kf;fpa fha;fwpg]gaph]fspy; xd;whFk;. ,J fha;fwpg] gaph]fspy;

,uz;lhk; ,lk; tfpf;fpwJ. cyfbk';fpYk; gaph ] bra;ag]gLfpwJ.

,e;jpahtpy; 4.5 ,yl;rk; vf;lhpy; jf;fhsp gaphplg]gLfpwJ. jkpH; ehl]oy;

209.1 kpy;ypad; vf;lhpy; gaphplg]gLfpwJ. jf;fhspapy; itl;lkpd; V/ gp/ rp

kw;Wk; jhJg]bghUs;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. jf;fhspapypUe;J Ng]/ CWfha;

nghd;w bghUl;fs; jahh] bra;ag]gLfpd;wd. jf;fhsp gapiu Vwf;Fiwa 150

tifahd g{r;rpfs; jhf;fp nrjg;gLj;Jfpd;wd. ,jdhy; kfNy; bgUkst[

ghjpf;fg]gLfpwJ. ,e;j fl;Liuapy; g{r;rpfspd; nrjk; kw;Wk; mtw;iw

fl;Lg]gLj;Jk; Kiwfisg; ghh]g]nghk;.

fha; Jisg]ghd;

,J jf;fhspg] gaphpy; mjpf nrjk; tpistpf;Fk; g{r;rp MFk;. ,J gUj;jp/

gaW tiffs;/ Nhpafhe;jp/ btz;il/ kpsfha;/ kf;fhr]nrhsk; Kjypa

gytifahd gaph]fisa[k; jhf;FfpwJ.

nrj mwpFwpfs;

jhf;fg]gl;l fha;fspy; tl;l totpy; Jthu';fs; fhzg]gLk;. Kl;ilapy;

,Ue;J btsptUk; Kjy; epiyg] g[GthdJ Kl;il Xl;ilna cz;qk;.

gpwF ,iyfis rhg]gpLk.; \d;whk; epiyg] g[Gf;fs; fha;fisj; Jisj;J

cl;gFjpapid cz;qk;. ,g ]g[GthdJ jiyiaa[k ; / clypd;

Kd;gFjpiaa[k; kl;Lk; fhapDs; EiHj;J cz;gjhy; kPjp clw;gFjp fha;f;F

btspna fhzg]gLk;. btspna js;sg]gl;l fHpt[g] bghUl;fs; fhapd; nky;

fhzg]gLk;. xU g[G 2 Kjy; 8 fha;fisj; jhf;Fk;.

g{r]rpapd; tpguk;

jha;g]g{r]rpapd; Kd; ,wf;iffs; brk;gGg]ghft[k;/ btz;ikahd gpd;

,wf;iffspd; Xuk; fUg]ghft[k; fhzg]gLk;. jha;g]g{r;rp Kl;ilfis

jdpj;jdpahf ,iyfs;/ gp";Rf; fha;fs; Mfpatw;wpy; ,Lk;. Kl;il

bghwpf;Fk; fhyk; 2 Kjy; 4 ehl;fs; MFk;. ,sk; g{f;fs; k";rs; fye;j

btz;ik epwj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk;. xU g{tpd; tsh]r]rpg] gUtk; 15 Kjy; 24 ehl;fs;

MFk;. tsh]e;j g[G Rkhh] 35 – 45 kp. kP. ePskhft[k;/ gr]ir epwkhft[k;

,Uf;Fk;. clypd; gf;fthl;oy; bts;is epwf;nfhLfs; fhzg]gLk;. tsh]e;j


kyh] -33 ,jH; - 12

23

g[G kz;zpw;Fs; brd;W Tl;Lg]g[Gthf khWk;. Tl;Lg]g[G gUtk; 10 Kjy; 14

ehl;fs; MFk;. Kl;il gUtj;jpypUe;J me;Jg] g{r]rpfs; btsptu 25 Kjy;

30 ehl;fs; MFk;.

fl;Lg]gLj;Jk; Kiwfs;

� epyj;ij MH cGtjhy; Tl;Lg]g[Gf;fs; mHpf;fg]gLfpd;wd.

� fha;Jisg;ghd; vjph]g]g[j;jpwDs;s +ghyp/ nuhkd;/ g{rh bul;gpsk; nghd;w

,uf';fisg] gaphpl ntz;Lk;.

� jhf;fg]gl;l fha;fisa[k;/ gH';fisa[k;/ g[Gf;fisa[k; nrfhpj;J mHpf;f

ntz;Lk;.

� bQypyPa{h; ,df;fth]r]rpg] bghwp vf;lUf;F 12 vd;w vz;zpf;ifapy;

mikf;f ntz;Lk;.

� bghUshjhu nrjepiyiag; bghUj;J g{ g{f;Fk; gUtj;jpy; oiuf;nfhfpuk;kh

ifyhdp!; Kl;il xl;Lz;zpia vf;lUf;F 50/000 vd;w mstpy;

,lntz;Lk;.

� fpiunrhgh ,iwtpG';fpg] g{r]rpapd; Kl;ilfs; 50/000 my;yJ g[Gf;fs;

10/000 vd;w mstpy; tpl ntz;Lk;.

� bQypnfhbth]gh Mh]kp$Puh vd;.gp.tp. itu!; fyit 1.5 X 1012

gpxgp / vf;lh] vd;w mstpy; khiy neuj;jpy; ifj;bjspg]ghdhy; bjspf;f

ntz;Lk;.

� ngrpy;y!; Jhp";rpad;rp!; 2 fpuhk; / ypl;lh] jz;zPhpy; fye;J bjspf;f

ntz;Lk;.

� vz;nlhry;ghd; 35 <rp 2 kpy;yp / ypl;lh] jz;zPh] (m) fhh]ghpy; eida[k; J}s;

2 fpuhk; / ypl;lh] vd;w mstpy; fye;J bjspf;f ntz;Lk;.

g[buhOdpah g[G my;yJ g[ifapiy g[G

,sk; g[Gf;fs; broapd; ,iyfs; kw;Wk; jz;Lfis foj;J cz;qk;.

tsh]e;j g[Gf;fs; gH';fis cz;qk;. gfy; neuj;jpy; kz;fl;ofspd; moapy;

gJ';fp ,Uf;Fk;. khiy neu';fspy; btsptUk; g[Gf;fs; Tl;lk; Tl;lkhf

brd;W ,iyapidf; foj;J cz;gjhy; nrjk; Vw;gLfpwJ.

g{r;rpapd; tpguk;

bgz; me;Jg]g{r ;rp cUz;il totkhd Kl;ilfis Ftpayhf

,iyapd; mog]gug]gpy; ,Lk;. Kl;ilapd; nkw;gug]ig k";rs; epw fk;gsp

nghd;w nuhk';fspdhy; \otpLk;. ,sk; g[Gf;fs; gr]ir epwkhff; fhzg]gLk;.

gGg]g[ me;Jg]g{r ;rpfspd; Kd; ,wf;iffspy;/ fUg]g[ kw;Wk; k";rs;

epwnfhLfs; ,Uf;Fk;. gpd; ,wf;iffs; btz;ikahf ,Uf;Fk;. ,g]g{r]rpapd;

tsh]r]rp fhyk; Rkhh] 20 Kjy; 25 ehl;fs; MFk;.


kyh] -33 ,jH; - 12

24


� epyj;ij MH cGJ Tl;Lg]g[Gf;fis fl;Lg]gLj;jyhk;.

� Kl;ilfisa[k;/ ,sk; g[Gf;fisa[k; ,iyfnshL nrfhpj;J mHpf;f

ntz;Lk;.

� tpsf;Fg]bghwp mikj;J jha; me;Jg] g{r]rpfis fth]e;J mHpf;fyhk;.

� ,df;fth]r]rpg]bghwp 4 / Vf;fh] vd;w mstpy; itj;J Mz; g{r]rpfis fth]e;J

mHpf;fyhk;.

� tay;fspd; Xu';fspy; Mkzf;F brofis 50 / Vf;fh] vd;w mstpy; gaph]

bra;a ntz;Lk;.

� g[buhOdpah vd;.gp.tp. itu!; fyit 1.5 X 1012 gpxgp / vf;lh] vd;w mstpy;

khiy neuj;jpy; ifj;bjspg]ghdhy; bjspf;f ntz;Lk;.

� vz;nlhry;ghd; 35 <rp 2 kp.yp. / ypl;lh] jz;zPh] (m) fhh]ghpy; eida[k; J}s;

2 fpuhk; / ypl;lh] vd;w mstpy; fye;J bjspf;f ntz;Lk;.

� tsh]e;j g{f;fisf; fl;Lg]gLj;j er;R czt[ bey; jtpL 12.5 fpnyh (m)

bty;yk; 1.25 fpnyh (m) fhh;ghpy; 50% 1.25 fpnyh (m) jz;zPh; 7.5 ypl;lh] /

Vf;fUf;F vd;w mstpy; jahhpj;J rpW rpW cUz;ilfshf;fp khiyapy;

taypy; itf;ft[k;. tPl;oy; nfhHp/ g{id/ eha; Kjypa tsh]g]g[g] gpuhzpfs;

,Ue;jhy; er]R czitj; jtph]f;ft[k;.

rhW cwp";Rk; g{r]rpfs;

bts;is <

,sk; F";Rfs; kw;Wk; Kjph]e;j g{r]rpfs;/ ,iyfs; kw;Wk; ,sk;

jz;Lfspd; rhw;wpid cwp";rp nrjg]gLj;Jfpd;wd. jhf;fg;gl;l ,iyfs;

k";rs; epwkhf RU';fp fha;e;J fPnH tpGe;J tpLk;. ,e;j g{r]rp Ruf;Fk; njd;

nghd;w jputj;jpdhy; vWk;g[fs; ftug]gl;L gpd;dh] fhpg]g{rz neha; njhd;wp

brofspd; tsh]r]rp Fd;wptpLk;. ,jdhy; xspr]nrh]f;if ghjpf;fg]gl;L kfNy;

FiwfpwJ. ,e;j g{r]rpahdJ ,iy fUfy; nehapid gug]g[fpwJ.

g{r]rpapd; tpguk;

bts;is epw bgz; < ,sk; ,iyfspd; moapy; Kl;il ,Lk;. btsptUk;

F";Rfs; ePs;tl;l totpy; ,Uf;Fk;. ,iyapd; mog;gFjpapy; xnu ,lj;jpy;

xl;of;nfhz;L ,Uf;Fk;. tsh]e;j < bts;is epw ,wf;iffSld; me;J g{r]rp

nghd;W fhzg]gLk;.


kyh] -33 ,jH; - 12

25


� ,iyf;fUfy; neha; jhf;fg]gl;l gapiu ntnuhL gpL';fp vhpj;J tpl ntz;Lk;.

� jhf;fg]gl;l ,iyfis nrfhpj;J mHpj;J tpl ntz;Lk;.

� Jj;jp nghd;w fis broia mHpj;J tpl ntz;Lk;.

� k";rs; epw xl;Lk; bghwpfs; kw;Wk; tpsf;Fg] bghwpfs; \yk; ,g]g{r]rpfspd;

elkhl;lj;ijf; fz;lwpayhk;.

� ilFnshh]th!; 76 lgps;a[v!;rp 1 kp.yp. / ypl;lh] (m) ilbkj;njhnal; 2

kp.yp. / ypl;lh] (m) kPj;ijy; blkl;lhd; 25 <rp 2 kp.yp. / ypl;lh] vd;w mstpy;

bjspf;f ntz;Lk;.

� g{r;rp bfhy;ypia fhiy neu';fspy; bjspf;f ntz;Lk;.

,iyg]ngd;

,sk; F";RfSk;/ tsh]r]rpaile;j ngd;fSk; ,iyfspd; mog]gFjpapy;

,Ue;J bfhz;L rhw;iw cwp";Rfpd;wd. jhf;fg]gl;l ,iyfspd; kPJ

btz;ikepw g[s;spfs; fhzg]gLk;. ,e;j g{r]rp g[s;spthly; nehia

flj;JfpwJ.

g{r]rpapd; tpguk;

,iyg]ngd; btsph ] k";rs; epwj ;Jld; r Pg ;g[ nghy; g pst[gl ;l

,wf;iffSld; fhzg]gLk;. jha; g{r]rpahdJ/ ,iyfspy; xU btl;L

gFjpia cz;lhf;fp mjDs; Kl;il ,Lk;.

fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; Kiwfs;

� jhf;fg]gl;l gaph]fis nrfhpj;J mHpj;J tplntz;Lk;.

� k";rs; epw xl;Lg] bghwpfs; xU vf;lUf;F 15 vd;w mstpy; mikf;f

ntz;Lk;.

� gr;irf;fz;zho ,wf;ifg]g{r]rp (fpiunrhngh]yh fhh]dpah) Kjy; epiy gUt

g[G xU vf;lUf;F 10/000 vd;w mstpy; tpl ntz;Lk;.

� kPj;ijy; blkl;lhd; 25 <rp 1 kp.yp. / ypl;lh] (m) ilbkj;njhnal; 30 <rp

1 kp.yp. / ypl;lh] vd;w mstpy; fhiy my;yJ khiy neu';fspy; bjspf;f

ntz;Lk;.

mRtpzp

,sk; F";Rfs; kw;Wk; Kjph]e;j mRtpzpfs; Tl;lkhf ,Ue;J bfhz;L

,iyapy; rhw;iw cwp";Rk;. ,jdhy; jhf;fg]gl;l brofspd; tsh]r]rp Fd;wp

fhzg]gLk;. ,e;j mRtpzpfs; Ruf;Fk; njd; nghd;w jputj;jpdhy; vWk;g[fs;

ftug]gl;L gpd;dh] fhpg]g{rz neha; njhd;wp brofspd; tsh]r]rp Fd;wptpLk;.

,sk; F";Rfs; gr;ir kw;Wk; gGg;g[ epwj;jpy; fhzg]gLk;.


kyh] -33 ,jH; - 12

26

kht[g]g{r]rp

,g]g{r]rpahdJ jf;fhsp/ fhg]gp/ vYkpr]ir/ gUj;jp/ epyf;fliy/ bfha;ah/

rh]f;fiuts;spf; fpH';F nghd;w brofisj; jhf;FfpwJ.

jhf;Fjypd; mwpFwpfs;

,sk; g{r]rpfs; kw;Wk; Kjph]e;j g{r]rpfs; ,iyapd; mog]ghfj;jpy;

xl]of;bfhz;L rhw;iw cwp";rp nrjg]gLj;JfpwJ. ,jdhy;/ brofs;

tsh]r]rpaw;Wf; fhzg]gLk;. ,e;jg] g{r]rpapd; clypd; nky; kht[ nghd;w

bghUl;;fs; \of;fhzg]gLk;.

g{r]rpapd; tpguk;

Kjph]e;j g{r]rp ePskhft[k;;/ bts;is epwj;jpYk;,Uf;Fk;. ,jpy; bkGF

nghd;w jputk; Ruf;Fk;. ,e;j g{r]rpapd; mog;gFjpapy; thy; nghy; fhzg]gLk;.

,sk; g{r]rp k";rs;/ gGg]g[ kw;Wk; btz;ik epw';fspy; fhzg]gLk;.

mRtpzp kw;Wk; kht[g] g{r]rpiaf; fl;Lg]gLj;Jk; Kiwfs;

� mRtpzp kw;Wk; kht[g] g{r]rp jhf;fg]gl;l ,iyfs;/ jsph]fs; kw;Wk; brofis

nrfhpj;J mHpj;J tplntz;Lk;.

� k";rs; epw xl;Lg; bghwpia vf;lUf;F 15 vd;wstpy; mikj;J

fl;Lg]gLj;jyhk;.

� fpiunrhngh]yh fz;zho ,wf;ifg] g{r]rpapd; g[Gf;fis xU vf;lUf;F

10/000 vd;w mstpy; tpl ntz;Lk;.

� kPj;ijy; blkl;lhd; 25 <rp (m) ilbkj;njhnal; 30 <rp 2 kp.yp. / ypl;lh]

jz;zPhpy; fye;J fhiy my;yJ khiy neu';fspy; bjspj;jy; ntz;Lk;.

,iyJisg]ghd;

,e;j g{r]rp ,iyapd; euk;g[fspy; Jis bra;J cz;qk;. gpwF ,iyfs;

tho fha;e;JtpLk;.

g{r]rpapd; tpguk;

bgz; g{r]rp Kl;ilfis ,iyapd; euk;g[fspy; ,LfpwJ. kpfr] rpwpa

Mu";R kw;Wk; k";rs; epwj;jpy; g[G fhzg]gLk;.


� jhf;fg]gl;l ,iyfis nrfhpj;J mHpj;J tplntz;Lk;.

� ntg]g';bfhl;il gUg;g[r] rhW 50 fpuhk; / ypl;lh] vd;w mstpy; bjspj;J

fl;Lg]gLj;jyhk;.

��


kyh] -33 ,jH; - 12

27

bey;ypapy; gaph]ghJfhg]g[

Kidth] N.f.kndhu":rpjk]/ Kidth] ,uh.mKjh

kw;Wk] Kidth] j.eh.ghynkhfd;

gHg]gaph]fs; Jiw/ njhl]lf;fiyf; fy;Y}hp kw;Wk] Muha;r]rp epiyak]

jkpH;ehL ntshz;ikg] gy;fiyf; fHfk]

nfhak]g[j;J}h] - 641 003bjhiyngrp vz;: 0422-6611269

ePz;l Ma[isj; jUk] fdp vd;W gy;yhapuk] Mz;Lfshfg] nghw;wg]gl]L

tUk] kUj;Jtg] gz;g[fs; tha;e;j bey;ypiaj] jhf;Fk] neha]fs; Fwpj;J

mwpe;J bfhs;nthkh>

1.JU neha]

gH';fspd; nky; fUik epwf; bfhg]g[s';fs; njhd;Wk]. gpwF ,it tl]l

totkhf khWk] . g pd; ,e;j bfhg ]g[s';fs; xd;W nrh ]e ;J gHj;jpd;

bgUk]gFjpia Mf;fpukpj;J tpLk]. ,jdhy; gH';fspd; tpiy FiwfpwJ.

,e;neha] ,iyfspd; nky; gGg]g[ epwf; bfhg]g[s';fshf cUthfp/ gpd; ,it

Tl]lkhfnth my;yJ jdpj;jdp bfhg]g[s';fshfnth mikfpd;wd. eida[k]

fe;jfj;jpid (0.4 tpGf;fhL) \d;W Kiw/ xU khj ,ilbtspapy; $Piy

khjk] Kjy; bjspj;Jf; fl]Lg]gLj;jyhk].

2.thly; neha]

,jpy; bey;yp kuj;jpd; gl]il btoj;Jk]/ ,iyfs; cjph]e;Jk]/ thoa[k]

fhzg]gLk]. gdpf; fhy';fspy; ,s";brofis gdpapypUe;J ghJfhf;f

ntz;Lk]. nghJkhd mst[ ePh]gha]r]Rtjd; \yk] gdpapd; ghjpg]gpypUe;J

kuj;ijg] ghJfhf;fyhk]. ,iy/ jiHfs; my;yJ fUik epw ghypj;jPd;

kw;Wk] khl]Lr] rhzk] bfhz;L epyg]nghh]it mikg]gjd; \yKk]/ gdpapdhy;

Vw;gLk] ghjpg]igf; fl]Lg]gLj;jyhk].

3.fUik epw g{";rhzj; jhf;Fjy;

fUik epw g{";rhzk] ,iyapd; nkw;gug]g[ KGtJk] jz;L kw;Wk]

kyh]fspd; kPJ gutpf; fhzg]gLk]. ,J btspg]gug]gpy; kl]Lnk fhzg]gLk].

,iyapDs;ns CLUtp bry;tjpy;iy. 2 tpGf;fhL !;lhh]r; fiuriyj;

bjspg]gjd; \yk] fl]Lg]gLj;jyhk]. ,J jtpu ‘nkhndhFnuhl]nlh@gh!;' vd;w

g{r;rpbfhy;ypia (0.05 tpGf;fhL) bjspg]gjd; \yKk] fl]Lg]gLj;jyhk].

ghjpg ;g[ mjpfkhf ,Ue;jhy; !;lhh]r ] fiurYld;/ eida[k] fe;jfk]

0.2 tpGf;fhL vd;w mstpy; fye;J bjspf;fyhk].

4.ePy epw g{";rhzj; jhf;Fjy;

gGg]g[ epwg] gl]ilfs; kw;Wk] jz;zPhpy; eide;j njhw;wk] nghd;wit

gHj;jpd; nkw]g[wj;njhypy; njhd;Wk]. neha] mjpfkhf/ btt;ntW tz;z';fs;

gH';fspd; nky; njhd;Wfpd;wd. mjhtJ Kjypy; mlh] k";rs; epwkhft[k]/


kyh] -33 ,jH; - 12

28

gpd; brk] gGg]g[ epwkhft[k] khwp filrpapy; Cjh fye;j gr]ir epwkhfpwJ.

,jpypUe;J k";rs; epw jputk] btspnaWk]. ,jdhy; gHj;jpypUe;J Jh]ehw;wk]

tPRk].

� gH';fis mWtil bra;a[k] nghJ ftdj;Jld; moglhky; mWtil bra]a

ntz;Lk]. ,y;iybadpy;/ ,e;j gH';fis ,Ug]g[ itf;Fk] nghJ ,e;neha]

jhf;Fk].

� gH';fis ,Ug]g[ itf;Fk] ,lk] (Storage) J}a]ikahf ,Uf;f ntz;Lk].

� nghuhf;!; my;yJ nrhoak] FnshiuL bjspg;g[ ,e]nehiaf;

fl]Lg]gLj;JfpwJ.

� bgtp!;od; my;yJ lhg]rpd; 0.1 tpGf;fhL gad;gLj;Jtjd; \yk]

,e;nehiaf; fl]Lg]gLj;jyhk].

� gH';fs] kPJ g[jpdh vz;bza; (Mentha oil) g{Rtjd; \yk] ,e;nehapypUe;J

ghJfhf]fyhk].

5.gwitf;fz; neha]

,e;nehapy;/ Kjypy; rpwpa/ tl]ltotpyhd/ gGg]g[ Kjy; rhk]gy; epwg]

g[s;spfs; ,iyfspy; njhd;Wfpd;wd. ,e;j g[s;spiar] Rw;wp k";rs; epwkhf

,Uf;Fk]. gpd; ,e;j g[s;spapd; eLtpy; cs;s ghfk]/ rhk]gy; epwj;Jld; rw;W

nkbyGe;jthW fhzg]gLk]. ,e;neha] gH';fspy;/ FHpthd bfhg]g[s';fs;

nghy cUthfp gpd; eLtpy; mlh] epwkhfp/ tl]l totkhfpd;wd. ,e;jf;

bfhg]g[s';fs; btt;ntW totk] kw;Wk] mst[fisf; bfhz;oUf;Fk]. gpd;

,e;j gH';fs; RU';fpa[k]/ mGfpa[k] fhzg]gLk].

6.bkd; mGfy; neha]

,e;neha] ork]gh ] -gpg ]uthp khj';fspy] mjpfkhff; fhzg]gLk].

ghjpf;fg]gl]l gH';fspy; 2-3 ehl]fspy; gGg]g[ Kjy; fUik epwj;jpy;/ tl]l

tot bfhg]g[s';fs; njhd;Wfpd;wd. gpd; jz;zPhpy; eide;jJ nghd;w

gFjpfs; njhd;wp/ gHk] KGtija[k] Mf;fpukpj;J tpLk]. gH';fspd; cUtk]

khwptpLk]. ,J Kjph]e;j gH';fisna mjpfk] ghjpf;fpwJ. mogl]l gH';fs;

,e;nehapdhy; vspjpy; ghjpf;fg]gLfpd;wd.

7.cyh] gH mGfy; neha] (Dry fruit rot)gHj;jpd; nky; ghjpf;fg]gl]l gFjpfspy; 1 Kjy; 2 br.kP.tiuapyhd

,nyrhd gGg]g[ epwg] gFjp fhzg]gLk]. gpd; ,it FHpthd gFjpahfp/ fUik

epwkhf khWfpwJ.

8.gH mGfy;

,e;nehapd; Muk;gj;jpy; brk;gGg]g[ epw cyh] (Necrotic)g[s;spfs;

njhd;wp/ mJ gutp/ fz; totpy; cUthfpwJ. mjpfkhd ghjpg]g[ cs;s nghJ/

,e;j g[s;spfs; xd;wpize;J bghpa bfhg]g[skhf khWfpd;wd. Kjph]e;j

bfhg]g[s';fs; mlh]gGg]g[ epwj;jpYk;/ kpf ghjpf;fg]gl]l gH';fs; RU';fpa[k]

fhzg]gLfpd;wd. ,e;nehahy; ghjpf ;fg ]gl ]l 15 ehl]fspy; gH';fs;

KGtJkhf mGfptpLk].


kyh] -33 ,jH; - 12

29

� fhh]gd;lhrpk] 0.1 tpGf;fhL fiuriy mWtilf;F 15 ehl;fSf;F Kd;g[

xU Kiw bjspf;fyhk].

� mWtilapd; nghJ gHj;jpw]F fPwy]fs; VJk] ,y;yhjthW moglhky;

mWtil bra]a ntz;Lk].

� nrkpg]g[f; fhy';fspy] J}a]ikahd fyd;fspy] gH';fis nrkpf;f ntz;Lk].

� nrkpg]g[f] fhy';fspy]/ Xnrhd; tha[ gad;gLj;jp nrkpg]g[ miwfis

J}a]ikahfg] guhkhpf;f ntz;Lk].

� nghuhf;!;/ nrhoak] FnshiuL nghd;wtw;iwg] gad;gLj;Jtjd; \yk]

mGfy] nehiaf; fl]Lg]gLj;jyhk].

nkw]fz;l neha;fis Muk]g epiyapnyna fz;lwpe;J mtw]iwf;

fl]Lg]gLj;Jtjd; \yk] bey]ypapy] mjpf tpisr]ry] bgwyhk].

��

Cl;lr]rj;J epiwe;j mhprpj;jtpL

bey; jhdpaj;jpy; 8-10 rjtPjk; mhprpj;jtpL cs;sJ. mhprpj;jtpl;oy; jhd;mjpfg]goahd caph ]r ]rj;Jf;fSk;/ jhJ cg]g[fSk; cs;sd. mhprpapd;ikag]gFjpapy; kht[r]rj;J kl;Lk; jhd; kpFe;J fhzg]gLfpwJ. mhprpapd; 65rjtPj Cl;lr]rj;J mhprpj;jtpl;oy; jhd; ml';fpa[s;sJ. g[ujk; 12-16%,kht[r]rj;J 33-36%/ ijakpd;/ ieakpd;/ caph]r]rj;J gp-6/ ,Uk;g[/ gh!;gu!;/bkf;dPrpak;/ bghl;lhrpak;/ ehh]r]rj;Jf;fshd (8-12%) gPl;lh FSfhd;/ bgf;od;nghd;wit ,jpy; ml';fpa[s;sd. mhprpj ;jtpl ;oy; cs;s ypng!; vd;wtpida{f;fp bfhGg]g[ld; bray;gl;L tpiutpy; bfl;Lg]nghfr] bra;JtpLfpwJ.,e;j ypng!; vd;w tpida{f;fpia rpy bjhHpy;El;g';fshd Fsph] gjdk;/fjphpaf;fk;/ ntjpg]bghUl;fs; kw;Wk; mjpf btg]gk; kw;Wk; mGj;jj;jpw;F rpwpJneuk; cl;gLj;Jjy; nghd;wtw;wpd; \yk; brayw;W nghf bra;aKoa[k;. ,jdhy;mhprpj;jtpl;il xU tUlj;jpw;F nkyhf bflhky; nrkpf;fKoa[k;. ,t;tifapy;gjg]gLj;jg]gl;l mhprpj;jtpL ngf;fhp czt[fs;/ rpw;Wz;o czt[ tiffs;kw ;Wk ; ghd';fs; jahhpg ]g py ; gad;gLj ;jg ]gl ;L tUfpwJ. nkYk;mhpr pj ;jtpl ;oypUe ;J jahhpf ;fg ]gLk ; vz;bza;apy ; nlhnfbfuhy; /nlhnfhoiuapdhy; kw ;Wk ; xiurdhy; nghd;w ,aw;ifahd Md;oMf;!pld;l;fs; cs;sd. ,jdhy; ePz;l ehl;fSf;F vz;bza; bflhky;ghJfhf;fg]gLfpwJ. nlhnfhoiuapdhy; bfhy!;ouhiyf; Fiwf;fpwJ.g [w ;Wneha; tuhky; jLf;fpwJ. xiurdhy; clypy ; ey ;y bfhGg]ig(vr].o.vy;)mjpfhpf;fr] bra;J bfl;l bfhGg]ig (vy;.o.vy;) ePf ;FfpwJ.bgz;fSf;F khjtplha; epw;Fk; rkaj;jpy; Vw;gLk; nfhshWfis ePf;FfpwJ.njhy; RUf;fk;/ bghLF kw;Wk; njhypy; cs;s mhpg]ig ePf;FfpwJ. cyf RfhjhuepWtdj;jpd; ghpe ;Jiuapd;go rhptpfpj bfhGg]g [ ,e ;j mhprpj ;jtpl ;Lvz;bza;apy; cs;sJ. rikaypd; nghJ kw;w vz;bza;fistpl 20 rjtPjk;Fiwthfnt cwp";rg]gLfpwJ. ,jpy; jahhpj;j czt[fs; Rit kpFe;jjhft[k;cs;sd. Mf mhprpj ;jtpL Cl;lr ]rj ;Jf;fs; epiwe;jJ kl;Lky;yhky;neha;fis ePf;ff;Toa ey;y kUe;jhft[k; fhzg]gLfpwJ.

jfty; nrfhpg ;g[

Kidth] m.rutzd; kw;Wk; jpUkjp. br.n$Rg]gphpah g{h]zfyhntshz;ik mwptpay; epiyak;/ePlhk';fyk; - 614 404/ jpUth+h] khtl;lk;/ bjhiyngrp vz;: 04362-260666.


kyh] -33 ,jH; - 12

30

g{r;rp fl;Lg;ghl;oy; rpye;jpfspd; g';F

F. rhkpma;ad;/ k. fz;zd] kw;Wk; r. Fj;jhyk;

ntshz; g{r;rpapay; Jiw/ jkpH;ehL ntshz;ikg; gy;fiyf; fHfk;


vl;Lf ;fhy; r pye ;jpfs; / g {r ]r pfspd; ,aw;if caphpay; Kiw

fl;Lg]ghl;ow;F bghpJk; cjt[fpd]wd. rpye;jpfs; tPLfspYk;/ miwfspYk;

xl;lil tiyfnshL nrh]e;J ,Ug]gjhy; ekf;F mtw;iwg] ghh]j;jJk;

btWf;Fk; czh]t[ Vw;gLfpwJ. cz;ikapnyna rpye;jpfs; btWf;ff;Toa

caphpdk; ,y;iy. rpye;jpfs; tptrhapfSf;F kpf]f gad; jUgit. ,aw]if

ty;Yeh;fs; rpye;jpfisg; ghJfhf;f KaYfpwhh]fs;. vy;yhtif

rpye;jpfSk; g{r]rpfis jPtpukhf cz;qfpd;wd. Fwpg;ghf bey;/ gUj;jp/

fha;fwpfs;/ gHj;njhl;lk/; fhLfs; kw]Wk; nka;r]ry; jiu g[y;btspfs; Kjypa

NHy;fspy; rpye;jpfs; vz;zpf;if mjpfkhf fzf;fplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

cjhuzkhf jhdpa tifg; gaph;fspy; tUlk; xd;Wf;F rpye;jp Rkhh]

1/2 fpnyh vila[s;s g{r]rpfis czthf cl;bfhs;fpwJ. fhLfspy; ,J

3ypUe;J 9 fpnyhthf ,Uf;fpwJ. kpf mjpfgl;rkhf nka;r ]ry;epy

g[y;btspfspy; xU Xeha; rpye;jp tUlk; xd;Wf;F Rkhh] 50 fpnyh g{r]rpfis

czthf rhg]gpLfpwJ. vy;yhtifg] gaph;fspYk; njhd;wf;Toa g{r]rpfis

rpye;jpfs; rhg ]g pLtjhy; “,aw;if rkr ]r Piu” e piy ehl ;Ltjpy ;

rpye;jpfSf;F bgUk;g';F cs;sJ. Mdhy;/ g{r]rpfs; ehk; gaphplf;Toa

gaph]fis czthf cl;bfhz;L ekf;F bgUj;j nrjj;ij Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wd.

rpye;jpfs; ehk; trpf;Fk; ,l';fspYs;s g{r]rpfisa[k; Fwpg]ghf bfhRf;fs;/

fz;<f ;fs; kw ;Wk ; fug ]ghd; g {r ]r pfisa[k ; czthf cl;bfhz;L

mHpf;fpd;wd. jw;nghJ cyfj;jpy; Rkhh] xU ,yl;rk; rpye;jp tiffs;

,Ug]gjhft[k; mtw;wpy; 34 Mapuk; kl;Lk; ,d tifg;ghL Muha;r;rpapd; \yk;

bgahplg ;gl ;Ls;sd. ,e ;jpahtpy; ,J tiuapy; Rkhh ; 1300 tif

rpye;jpfSf;F bgahplg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,d;iwa epiyapy; kpf mjpfg]goahf

9000 tif rpye;jpfs; M!;jpnuypahtpy; cs;sd. kw;w tpy';fpd

caphpd';fisna czthf/ Fwpg;ghf g{r]rpfis rhg;gpLk; rpye;jpfSf;F

gy rpwg;g[ mk;r';fs; cs;sd.

mitfs;

� rpye;jpfs; ,aw]ifapnyna gy tifahd g{r]rpfis Mh]tj;njhL tpUk;gp

cz;qfpd;wd.


kyh] -33 ,jH; - 12

31

� rpye;jpfs; Fiwe;j neuj;jpy; kpf mjpfkhd g{r;rpfis rhg]gpLfpd;wd.

mjdhy; mjpfkhff; fpilf;ff;Toa bfhGg]g[r] rj;ij gy ehl;fSf;F

nrkpj;J itj;jpUf;Fk;.

� rpye;jpfs; g{r]rpfis njog]gpoj;J cz;qfpd;wd. bey; tay;fspy;

fhzg]gLk; Xeha; rpye;jpfs; gy g{r]rpfis njog]gpoj;J rhg]gpLfpd;wd.

� rpye;jp ,dj;jpy; epiwa tiffs; cs;sd. ek; ehl;od; gaph ;

tpisepy';fspy; ,d;Dk; gy rpye;jpfs; fz;lwpag]glhky; cs;sd.

� rpye;jpfspd; F";RfSk;/ g{r]rpfis tpUk;gp rhg]gpLfpd;wd.

� rpye;jpfs;/ g{r ]rpfspd; Kl;ilfisa[k; rhg]gpl ;L mHpf;fpd;wd.

bey;tay;fspy; Fwpg]ghf g[ifahd;/ gr]ir jj;Jg]g{r]rp/ ,iy RUl;L

g[Gf;fspd; Kl;ilfis rpye;jpfs; rhg;gpl;L mHpf;fpd;wd.

� Fwpg]gpl;l gug;gst[ epyj;jpy;/ mjpfg]goahd rpye;jp vz;zpf;iffs;

thH;fpd;wd. ntW ve;j xU caphpdj;jpw]Fk;/ ,e;j Fzhjprak; fpilahJ.

cjhuzkhf xU vf;lh] gug]gst[ cs;s jhpR epyj;jpypUe;J kl;Lk; Rkhh]

5 kpy;ypad; rpye;jp vz;zpf;if ,Ue;jJ vd ,';fpyhe;jpy;

fzf;fpl;Ls;shh]fs;.

� rpye;jpfs; E}w;Wf;fzf;fpy; Kl;ilapl;L ,dg;bgUf;fkilfpwJ.

� rpye;jpfs; mjpf ehl;fs; thHf; Toad. xd;gJ tUlk; tiu rpy rpye;jpfs;

caph] thH;fpd;wd.

� rpye;jpfs; gl;odpia gy ehl;fs; tiu jh';ff; Toait. ,e;j fhy';fspy;

Fiwthd czt[rf;jp nghJkhdJ.

� rhjfkhd NH;epiyfs; ,y;yhj nghJk; rpye;jpfs; gy ehl;fs; caph] thGk;

jpwidg] bgw;W cs;sd.

� gaph]fspYk;/ kw;w ,l';fspYk; fl;lg;gLk; rpye;jp tiyfspy; Vuhskhd

g{r]rpfs; mfg]gl;L rhfpwJ. bey; tay;fspy; jhso gUt';fspy; fl;lg]gLk;

mjpf rpye;jp tifffspdhy; gr]irjj;Jg] g{r]rpfs;/ g[ifahd; kw;Wk; jha;

me;Jg] g{r]rpfs; mHpfpd;wd.

� rpye;jpfspd; tapW kpft[k; tphptilaf; ToaJ. mjdhy; g{r]rpfs;

fpilf;Fk; nghJ epiwa rhg]gpLk;.

� kw;w caphpd';fis xg]gpLk; nghJ rpye;jpfSf;bfd;W cz;lhd ,aw;if

tpnuhjpfs; kpff; Fiwt[.

� Xhpuz;L rpye;jp tiffis jtpu kdpjh]fSf;F jP';F tpistpf;ff; Toa

rpye;jp tiffs; ,y;iy.


kyh] -33 ,jH; - 12

32

� rpye;jpfs; vy;yh ,l';fspYk; thH;fpd;wd. cjhuzkhf tl JUtg] gdpg]

gpunjr';fs;/ btg]gk; kpFe;j ghiytd';fs;/ cah]e;j kiy cr]rpfs;/

MHkhd Fiffs;/ kpf;f miy cs;s flw;fiug] gpunjr';fs;/ gdpg]

gFjpfs;/ bts;sk; epiwe;j rkbtspfs; Kjypa ,l';fspy; Tl rpye;jpfs;

fhzg]gLfpd;wd.

� gaph]fspd; gy ghf';fspYk; rpye;jpfs; fhzg]gLfpd;wd. gaph]fspd; g{f;fs;

,iyfs;/ fha;fs;/ jiuapy; fplf;Fk; rUFfs;/ kug;gl;ilfs;/ g[y;

jiug]gFjpfs; Kjypa ghf';fspYk; rpye;jpfis ehk; nrfhpf;f Koa[k;.

rpye;jpfis ghJfhf;Fk; rpy Kiwfs;

rpye;jpfs; bgUk;ghYk; g{r;rpfisf; fl;Lg]gLj;j gad;gLj;Jk; g{r]rp

bfhy;ypfshy; mHpe ;J tpLfpd;wd. tay;fspy; / njhl ;l';fspy;

ml;ltizg]go Fwpg]gpl;l fhy ,ilbtspapy; tiuKiwapd;wp g{r]rp

bfhy;yp bjspg]gjpdhYk; rpye;jpfs; Kw;wpYk; mHpf;fg]gLfpd;wd.

g{r]rpfspd; bghUshjhu nrj epiyawpe;J kUe;J bjspg]gjpdhy; rpye;jpfs;

mjpfk; mHptjpy;iybad Muha;r]rp Kot[fs; TWfpd;wd.

jhtug] g{r]rp kUe;Jfis Fwpg]ghf ntg]gk; g[z;zhf;F/ ntg]gvz;bza;

kw;Wk; ntg]g';bfhl;il fiury; nghd;wtw;iwg; gad;gLj;Jk; nghJ

rpye ;jpfs; mHptJ fpilahJ. g{r ]r p bfhy;ypfis njh ;t[ bra;J

cgnahfg]gLj;Jk;nghJk;/ er]Rj;jd;ik Fiwthf cs;s kUe;Jfis

bjspg ;gjhYk; r pye ;jpfs; mjpfk; kotjpy ;iy. r pye ;jpfs;

,dtpUj;jpailae;j gy kl';F cs;s fhy';fspy; kUe;J bjspg]gij

jtph]f;f ntz;Lk;. Xuhz;L gaph;fspy;/ rpy tifahd CLgaph]fs;

gaphpLtjhYk;/ bey; tay;fspy; mnrhyh caph] cuj;ij xU brd;ow;F 2

fpnyh tPjk; ,LtjhYk; rpye;jpfspd; vz;zpf;if TLfpwJ.

rpye;jpfis Muha;r]rp Tlj;jpy; ,dg]bgUf;fk; bra;J tay;fspy;

bfhz;L tpLtjw;F gy Muha;r]rpfs; eilbgw;W tUfpd;wd. rpye;jpfs;

Tl;lkhf ,Uf;Fk;nghJ/ ,iu ,y;yhjnghJ kw;w rpye;jpfis czthf

cl;bfhs;fpwJ. ,e;jg] gHfj;jpdhy; nkw;fz;l Muha;r]rpapy; KG btw;wp

bgw Koatpy;iy. mjdhy; tay;fspy; / njhl ;l';fspy; ,Uf;Fk;

rpye;jpfisg] ghJfhg]gjpdhy; mjpf g{r]rpfisf; fl;Lg]gLj;j Koa[k; vd;gJ

cWjp MfpwJ.

��


kyh] -33 ,jH; - 12

33

nrkpg;g[ jhdpa g{r;rpfSk;/

fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; KiwfSk;

rh.M. b$ag;gpufh#;/ Kidth; k.fz;zd; kw;Wk;

Kidth; v!;.nkhfd;

ntshz; g{r;rpapay;Jiw/ ntshz;ikg; gy;fiyf; fHfk;


g{r]rpfs; gaph]fis neuoahfj; jhf;fp nrjk; tpistpg]gnjhly;yhky;/

mWtilf;Fg ; g pd ;dh ; nrkpj ;J itf;fg ]gLk; jhdpa';fs; kw ;Wk ;

tpisbghUl;fisa[k; jhf;fp mjpf ehrk; Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wd. czt[

gad;ghl;ow;fhft[k;/ khl;Lj; jPtd';fSf;fhft[k;/ kw;Wk; tpijf;fhft[k;

Vwf;Fiwa 70% jhdpa';fs; tptrhapfshy; nrkpj;J itf;fg]gLfpd;wd.

,t;thW nrkpj;J itf;fg;gLk; nrkpg]g[ jhdpa';fs; g{r]rpfs;/ g{rz';fs;/

vypfs; / gwitfs;/ kw ;Wk ; r pye ;jpfs; nghd;w fhuzpfshy;

nrjg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. ehk; tpistpf;Fk; jhdpa';fs;/ vz;bza;

tpj;Jf;fs; kw;Wk; gaWtiffs;/ Rkhh] 5 rjtPjk; g{r]rpfshy; kl;Lk;

nrjg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. nrkpj;J itf;fg;gLk; miwfs;/ Fjph ]fs;/

nrkpg;g[f;fpl';Ffs;/ gyruf;Ff; filfs;/ kht[ miuf;Fk; Miyfs; nghd;w

,l';fspy; nrkpg;g[ jhdpa g{r]rpfs; mjpf mstpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

,itfspy; mhprp Td; tz;L/ gaW tz;L/ mhprpg]g[G/ bey; me;Jg] g{r]rp/

rptg]g[ kht[ tz;L/ kw;Wk; rpW jhdpaj;Jisg]ghd; nghd;w g{r]rpfs; mjpf

mstpy; nrjk; tpistpf;fpd;wd.

1. mhprp Td; tz;L (rpl;nlh@gpy!; xiunr)

bey;/ nfhJik/ nrhsk;/ kf;fhr]nrhsk; kw;Wk; ntW gy jhdpa';fspYk;

,e;j mhprp Td; tz;L nrjk; Vw;gLj;JfpwJ. jhdpa';fspd; <ug]gjk; 9

rjtPjj;jpw;F mjpfkhFk;nghJ ,jd; jhf]FjYk; mjpfhpf;fpwJ. bghJthf

g[Gf;fSk;/ tz;LfSk; jhdpa';fis File;J cz;L nrjk;

tpistpf;fpd;wd.bgUk;ghYk; xU jhdpaj;jpy; xU g[G kl;Lnk fhzg;gLk;.

mjpfk; nrjkile;j jhdpa';fs;/ bghoahfptpLtnjhL/ mjpypUe;J xUtpj

Jh;ehw ;wKk; tPRk; . mjpf btg;gk ; kw ;Wk; mjpf <ug ;gjk; nghd;w

fhyepiyfspy; g{r]rpjhf;Fjy; mjpfkhfj; bjd;gLk;.

2. gaW tz;L (fnyhnrhg[+f!; nkf;Fnyl;l!;)

,J jl]ilg] gaW/ mtiu/ Jtiu/ nrhah bkhr]ir/ cSe;J/ ghrpg]gaW/

gl;lhzp nghd;w vy;yh gaW tiffisa[k; jhf;ff; ToaJ. g[Gf;fSk;/

tz;LfSk;/ jhdpa';fisf; File;J/ cs;spUf;Fk; gUg]g[ KGtija[k;


kyh] -33 ,jH; - 12

34

cz;LtpLk;. filrpapy; nky;njhL khj;jpuk; fhzg]gLk;. xU tpijapy; gy

g[Gf;fs; fhzg;gLk;. bghJthf jhf;Fjy; nrkpg ]g[ fpl';fpypUe;J

Muk;gpf;fpwJ vd;whYk; tz;Lfs; miu fp.kP.f;F nky; gwf;Fk; jpwd;

bfhz;lit. Mifahy; ,it mWtil epiyapy; ,Uf;Fk; gaph]fspy;

Kl;ilfis ,Lfpd;wd. ,jdhy; taypnyna jhf;FjYf;Fs;shd

jhdpa';fs; nrkpg]g[f;F vLj;Jtug]gLfpd;wd. gpd; nrkpg]gpd; nghJ ,it

nkw;bfhz;L mjpf nrjk; Vw ;gLj;Jfpd;wd. jhf;FjYf;Fs;shd

jhdpa';fspypUe;J xU tpj Jh]ehw;wk; tPRk;. ,e;j gaW tz;L cile;j

gaWfspy; nrjk; tpistpg]gjpy;iy.

3. bey; me;Jg;g{r;rp(rpl;nlhl;nuhfh rPhpabyy;yh)

,g;g{r ;rpapd; g[Gf;fs; bey;/ nrhsk;/ nfH;tuF/ fk;g[ nghd;w

jhdpa';fis taypYk;/ nrkpg]g[f; fpl';FfspYk; jhf;Ffpd;wd. g[Gf;fs;

jhdpa';fisf; File;J cz;L/ mtw;iw gjuhf;fptpLk;. bgz; me;Jg]g{r;rp/

Kl;ilfis ghy; gpof;Fk; gUtj;jpy; jhdpa';fspd; nky; ,Lk;. gaph]

mWtilf;Fg]gpd;dh]/ jhdpa';fis nrkpj;J itf;Fk; nghJ/ g[Gf;fspd;

jhf;Fjy; Muk;gpj;J/ mjpfhpf;fpwJ. kzpfis g[Gf;fs; jhf;fpapUg]gJ

Kjypy; btspj;bjhptjpy;iy. Kl;ilapypUe;J btsptUk; ,sk;g[G

jhdpaj;ijj; Jisj;J/ cl;brd;W bky;ypa E}yhk; gilapdhy; me;j

Jthuj;ij milj;J tpLk;. mjd; gpwF mJ cs;spUf;Fk; kzpia cz;L

nrjg]gLj;Jk;.

4. rpW jhdpaj; Jisg;ghd;(iunrhbgh;jh blhkpdpf;fh)

,J mhprp/ nrhsk;/ kf;fhr]nrhsk;/ ghh]yp/ fliy/ nfhJik/ fhaitj;J

gjg]gLj;jg;gl;l gH';fs; nghd;wtw;iw jhf;Fk;. tz;LfSk;/ g[Gf;fSk;

nrjk; tpistpf;ff; Toait. Mdhy; g[Gf;fis tpl tz;Lfs; mjpf nrjk;

tpistpf;Fk;. bgz; tz;Lfs;/ bgUk;ghYk; tpijfspd; Kisf;Fk;

gFjpia mLj;J Kl;ilfis ,Lk;. Kl;ilfis jdpj;jdpahfnth/ my;yJ

rpW Ftpay;fshfnth ,l;L xUtpj gprpd; nghd;w bghUspdhy; xl;o itj;J

tpLk;. Kl;ilfspypUe;J btsptUk; g[Gf;fs; KG jhdpa';fisj] jhf;Fk;

nghJ mit cile;J bghoahfptpLk;. cz;gjw;F njitahdijtpl mjpf

mstpy; mit jhdpa';fisf; File;J nrjg;gLj;Jk; . g[Gf;fs;

jhdpa';fisf; File;J cs;ns,Uf;fpw kht[g]bghUl;fis cz;lgpd;

jhdpa';fspd; nky; njhy; khj;jpunk kp";rpapUf;Fk;.

5. mhprpg; g[G (fhh;rpuh br@gnyhdpf;fh)

,e;jg] g{r;rpapd; g[Gf;fs;/ mhprp/ nrhsk;/ fk;g[/ epyf;fliy/ nfhJik

nghd;w jhdpa';fis cz;L nrjk; tpistpf;fpd;wd. cilf;fg]gl;l


kyh] -33 ,jH; - 12

35

jhdpa';fs; kw;Wk; Kd;dnu g{r]rpfshy; jhf;fg]gl;l jhdpa';fspy; ,it

mjpf nrjk; Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wd. cilj;J bghoahf]fg]gl;l jhdpa';fs; kw;Wk;

KG jhdpa';fis g[Gf;fs; xd;W nrh]j;J/ bky;ypa/ gl;LE}y; nghd;w

,iHfshy;/ FHha; nghd;w TLfl;o/ mjDs; ,Ue;J bfhz;nl

jhdpa';fis cz;L mHpf;fpd;wd. KGjhdpa';fspy; 2 fpnyh tiuf;Fk;

bky;ypa ,iHfshy; jhdpa';fis xd;W nrh]j;J tpLk;. mhprp mjpfk;

tpistpf ;Fk; gFjpfspy; ,it mjpfk; fhzg]gLk; . bghJthf

nkw;gug]gpypUe;J 45 br.kP. tiu ,g]g[Gf;fspd; jhf;Fjy; mjpfk; fhzg;gLk;.

nkYk; kht[g;bghUl;fisa[k; ,g;g[Gf;fs; jhf;fp/ cz;L nrjg]gLj;Jk].

jhf;fg]gl;l jhdpa';fs; xd;whf nrh]e;J/ fl;o gpoj;J/ Jh]ehw;wk; tPRk;.

6. rptg;g[ kht[ tz;L (oiunghypak; fh!;nldpak ; )

jw;rkak; midj;J nrkpg]g[ gFjpfspYk; mjpfk; fhzg;gLgit rptg;g[

kht[ tz;L. ,it nrhsk;/ kf;fhr]nrhsk;/ nfhJik/ kht[g]bghUl;fs;/

gpz;zhf;F/ gUg]g[fs; kw;Wk; gjg]gLj;jg]gl;l gH';fs; nghd;wtw;iw

jhf;Ffpd;wd. bghJthf Fsph; fhy';fspy; g[Gg]gUtk; ePz;lehs; ePof;Fk;.

Mifahy; jw;rkak; bgUk;ghyhd ,l';fspy; ,jd; g[Gf;fs; kw;Wk;

tz;Lfs; ,uz;Lnk nrjk; tpistpf;fpd;wd. tz;Lfs; bgUk;ghYk;

jhdpa';fspd; nkw;gug]gpy; ele;J bfhz;oUg]gjhy; ,jd; jhf;Fjy;

btspg]gilahfnt bjhpa[k;. cile;J kw;Wk; Kd;dnu g{r]rpfshy;

jhf;fg]gl;l jhdpa';fspy; ,jd; jhf;Fjy; kpft[k; mjpfkhf ,Uf]Fk;.

fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; Kiwfs;

I. g{r;rpfs; jhf;Fk; Kd;dh; vLf;ff;Toa jLg;g[ Kiwfs;

1. nrkpg]g[f; fpl';Ffisa[k;/ nrkpj;J itf;Fk; miwfisa[k; Rj;jkhf

itj;jpUf;f ntz;Lk;. cile;j/ bghoahd jhdpa';fs;/ Fg]igfs;/ J}R

nghd;wtw;iw mfw;wp vhpj;Jtpl ntz;Lk;.

2. fpl';Ffspd; Rth]fs;/ jiug]gFjp/ Tiug]gFjp nghd;wtw;wpy; fhzg]gLk;

btog]g[fs;/ ,Lf;Ffs;/ cilg]g[fs; Mfpatw;iw rpbkz;l; bfhz;L ed;F

g{rptpl;L gpd;dh; Rz;zhk;g[ bfhz;L bts;is mof;f ntz;Lk;.

3. khyj;jpahd; 0.05 rj jputkhw;Wj;jpul;il 10 rJu kPl;lh] gug;gpw;F 3 ypl;lh]

tPjk; bjspf]f ntz;Lk;.

4. jhdpa';fis nrkpj;J itf;f g[jpa nfhzpg]igfis gad;gLj;j ntz;Lk;.

5. giHa nfhzpg]igfis gad;gLj;j ntz;oapUe;jhy;/ mtw;iwf;

bfhjpf;Fk; ePhpy; Rkhh; 30 epkpl';fs; mkpH;j;J itj;jpUe;J gpd;dh] ed;F

cyu itj]J gad;gLj;j ntz;Lk;.

6. jhdpa';fis vLj;Jr]bry;y gad;gLj;Jk; tz;ofs; my;yJ thfd';fis


kyh] -33 ,jH; - 12

36

ed;F Rj;jk; bra;J gpd;dh] gad;gLj;j ntz;Lk;.

7. jhdpa';fis ed;F Rj;jk; bra;J/ cyu itj;J gpd;dh] nrkpj;J itf;f

ntz;Lk;.

8. jhdpa';fspy; <ug]gjk; 8-10 rjj;jpw;F Fiwthf ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;.

9. \l;ilfis jiuapd; nky; glhky;/ kug]gyif my;yJ \';fpy; fHpfspd;

nky; mLf;f ntz;Lk;.

10. \l;ilfis jFe;j ,ilbtsp tpl;L mLf;f ntz;Lk;.

11. \l;ilfis gf;f Rth]fspypUe;J Rkhh] 50 br.kP. J}uj;jpy; ,Uf;FkhW

mLf;f ntz;Lk;.

12. ntg]g';bfhl;il gUg]g[j;J}is/ 100 fpnyh jhdpaj;Jf;F/ 1 fpnyh tPjk;

fye;J/ gpd;dh] nrkpj;J itg]gjhy; jhdpa';fis g{r]rpfs; jhf;fhky;

ghJfhf;fyhk;.

II. g{r;rpfs; bjd;gl;l gpd;dh; vLf;ff; Toa fl;Lg;ghl;L Kiwfs;

1. 10 kpy;yp khyj;jpahd; 50% jputkhw;W jpul;il 3 yp. ePhpy; fye;J 100 r.kP.

gug]gpyhd \l;ilfspd; kPJ bjspf;f ntz;Lk; my;yJ o.o.tp.gp 76%fiury; jputj;ij xU ypl;lh] jz;zPUf;F 7 kpy;yp vd;w mstpy; fye;J

\l;ilfspd; kPJ bjspg]ghd; bfhz;L bjspf;f ntz;Lk;.

2. elf;Fk; ghij kw;Wk; \l;ilfspd; ,ilbtspapy; khyj;jpahd; 50%jputkhw]W jpul;il xU ypl;lh] ePUf;F 10 kp.yp. vd;w mstpy; fye;J

bjspg]ghd; bfhz;L bjspf;f ntz;Lk;;.

3. nfhzpg]igfis 0.1% khyj]jpahd; fiurypy; 10 epkplk; \H;f itj;jpUe;J

gpd;dh] cyh]j;jp nrkpg]g[f;fhf gad;gLj;j ntz;Lk;.

4. 100 fd kPl]lUf;F/ 2-3 fpnyh kPj;ijy; g[nuhikl; cgnahfpf;fyhk; (my;yJ)

xU ld; jhdpaj;jpw;F xU bry;@gh!; 3 fpuhk; khj;jpiu tPjk; gad;gLj;j

ntz;Lk;.

5. bghwp bfhz;L fl;Lg;gLj;Jjy; : jkpH;ehL ntshz;ikg] gy;fiyf;

fHfj;jhy; fz;Lgpof;fg]gl;l FHha; totg] bghwp/ Tk;g[ totg; bghwp/ gaW

tz;Lfis gpoj;jHpf;Fk; bghwp/ fpz;z totg]bghwp kw;Wk; Cjhf;fjph]

tpsf;Fg]bghwp nghd;witfisf; bfhz;L vspjpy; nrkpg]g[ jhdpa g{r]rpfis

gpoj;J mHpf;fyhk;. bghJthf thuk; xU Kiw bghwpia btspapy; vLj;J

g{r]rpfis mg;g[wg]gLj;jp mHpf;f ntz;Lk;. nkYk; jkpH;ehL ntshz;

gy;fiyf; fHfj;jpd; rpwe;j gilg]ghd “g{r;rpfisj; jhdhfnt mfw;Wk;

nrkpg]g[f;fyid” gad;gLj;jpa[k; rpwpa mstpy; jhdpa';fis nrkpg;nghh]

g{r]rpfisf] fl;Lg]gLj;jyhk;.

��


kyh] -33 ,jH; - 12

37

ku ehw;w';fhy]fspy; neha; nkyhz;ik

Kidth] rp.c#h khypdp

td caphpay; Jiw/ tdf;fy;Y}hp kw;Wk; Muha;r;rp epiyak;

nkl]Lg]ghisak; - 641 301bjhiyngrp vz;: 04254-222010

nehaw;w thH;nt/ Fiwtw;w bry;tk; vd;w brhw;bwhlh] kdpj

thH;f;iff;F kl]Lkd;wp/ ku';fspd; thH;f;iff;Fk; rhyg] bghUe;Jk;.

neha;fsw;w tskhd td';fis cUthf;Ftjw;F mog]gil Mjhukhf

,Ug]gJ jukhd kuf;fd;Wfs;. bgUk;ghyhd neha;fs; ehw;w';fhy;fspy;

,Ue;nj elt[ bra;ag]gLk; ,l';fSf;Fr] brd;W nkYk; gut tHptFf;fpd;wd.

vdnt kuf ;fd;Wfis jhf ;Fk; Kf;fpa neha;fisa[k ; / mtw;iw

fl;Lg]gLj;Jk; Kiwfisa[k; mwpe;J/ jukhd ehw;Wfis cUthf;Fjy;

mtrpak;. ehw;w';fhypy; njhd;Wk; neha;fs; Fwpj;J ,';F fhz;nghk;.

ehw;wGfy; neha;

,J ehw;w';fhypy; njhd;Wk; kpf Kf;fpakhd nehahFk;. ,e;neha;

jhf;fg]gl]l ehw;Wfspy;/ jz;od; mog]gFjp fUikahft[k;/ kpUJthft[k;

khwp gpd; bro kz;zpy; rha;e ;JtpLk;. mGfpa ehw;Wfisr; Rw;wp

bts;isepw g{rz tsh]r]rp fhzg;gLk;. ,e;nehapd; jhf;Fjy; tofhy; trjp

Fiwthf cs;s ,l';;fspy; mjpfkhff; fhzg]gLk;. nkYk; epHyhd

gFjpapYk;/ kpFjpahf jiHr;rj;J ,l]lhYk;/ ,e;nehapd; jPtpuk ;

mjpfhpf;fpwJ.

neha; nkyhz;ik

� mjpf epHYs;s gFjpapy; ehw;w';fhy; mikg]gij jtph]f;f ntz;Lk;.

� ehw;w';fhy]fspy; gLf;iffs; rpwpJ caukhdjhft[k;/ ey;y tofhy; trjp

cs;sjhft[k; ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;.

� tpijfis fhh]gd;lhrpk; (m) fhg]lhd; xU fpnyh tpijf;F 4 fpuhk; vd;w

mstpy; fye;J tpij neh]j;jp bra;a ntz;Lk;.

� tpijfis oiuf;nfhblh]kh tphpo (xU fpnyh tpijf;F 4 fpuhk;) (m)


kyh] -33 ,jH; - 12

38

Nnlhnkhdh!; g]nshurd;!: (xU fpnyh tpijf;F 10 fpuhk;) nghd;w vjph]

caphp bfhz;L tpij neh]j;jp bra;a ntz;Lk;.

� ehw;w';fhy; gLf;ifis 1.0 rjk; nghh]nlh fyit (m) 0.25 rjk; fhg]gh]

Mf;!pFnshiuL bfhz;L kz;zpy; nth]gFjp eida[k; mstpw;F Cw;w

ntz;Lk;.

ntuGfy; neha;

neha[w;w brofs; Kjypy; rw;W Jtz;L fhzg]gLk;. brofspd; ,iyfs;

k";rs; epwkhf khwp gpd; cjph]e;JtpLk;. ghjpf;fg;gl]l nth]gFjp mGfpf;

fhzg]gLk;. mtw;iw vspjhf gpL';fptpl Koa[k;. jz;Lg]gFjp kw;Wk;

nth]gl]ilfspy; fUg]g[ epwj;jpy; g{rzf; fpUkpfs; fhzg]gLk;.

neha; nkyhz;ik

� neha; fz;;;;L koe;j brofisg] gpL';fp vhpf;f ntz;Lk;.

� neha; jhf;fpa bro (m) nehapd; mwpFwpfs; njhd;Wk; brofisr] Rw;wpa[k;/

nth]gFjp eida[k; mstpw;F 0.1 rjk; fhh]gd;lhrpk; kUe;ij/ neha; njhd;Wk;

nghJ xUKiwa[k;/ 15 ehl]fs; ,ilbtspapy; ,uz;lhJ Kiwa[k; Cw]w

ntz;Lk;.

rhk;gy; neha;

,e;neha; jhf;fpa ,iyfspy; Kjypy; rpwpa btz;ik epw jpl]Lfs;

fhzg]gLk;. nehapd; jPtpuk; mjpfhpf]Fk; nghJ/ ,e;j btz;ik epwj; jpl]Lfs;

,iy KGtJk; gutp/ gpd; gGg]g[ epwkhf khwp ,iy cjph]e;JtpLk;.

neha; nkyhz;ik

nehiaf; fl]Lg]gLj;j/ fe;jfj;J}is xU vf;lUf;F 30-40 fpnyh vd;w

mstpy; ,iyfspd; nky; J}t ntz;Lk;.

JU neha;

,e;nehapdhy; jhf;fg]gl]l ,iyfspy; brk;gGg]g[ (m) rptg]g[ epw g[s;spfs;

bjd;gLk;. ,it ,;iy KGtJk; gutp/ ,iy k";rs; epwkhf khwp gpd;

cjph]e;J tpLk;.

neha; nkyhz;ik

nehiaf; fl]Lg]gLj;j fe;jfj; J}is xU vf;lUf;F 30-40 fpnyh vd;w


kyh] -33 ,jH; - 12

39

mstpy; ,iyfspd; nky;/ neha; njhd;wpat[[lDk;/ gpd; 15 ehl]fs;

,ilbtspapy; ,uz;lhtJ Kiwa[k; bjspf;f ntz;Lk;.

,iyg]g[s;sp neha;

neha; jhf;fg]gl]l ,iyfspy; Kjypy; gGg;g[ epwg;g[s;spfs; njhd;Wk;.

nehapd; jPtpuk; mjpfhpf;Fk; nghJ/ ,iy KGtJk; mjpfstpy; njhd;wp/

,iyfs; gGg]g[ epwkhf khwp/ cjph]e;J tpLk;.

neha; nkyhz;ik

nehiaf; fl]Lg]gLj;j 0.25 rjk; khd;nfhbrg] (m) 0.1 rjk; fhh]gd;lhrpk;

kUe;ij/ neha; njhd;wpa clDk;/ mLj;J 15 ehl]fs; ,ilbtspapYk;

bjspf;f ntz;Lk;.

,iyf;fUfy; neha;

Kw;wpa ,iyfspy; tl]l tot (m) ePs; tl]l tot gGg]g[ epw g[s;spfs;

njhd;Wk;. gpd; ,it ntfkhf gutp ,iyfs; fha;e;J cjph]e]JtpLk;.

neha; nkyhz;ik

nehiaf; fl]Lg]gLj;j 0.25 rjk; khd;nfhbrg] (m) 0.1 rjk; fhh]gd;lhrpk;

kUe;ij/ neha; njhd;wpa clDk;/ mLj;J 15 ehl]fs; ,ilbtspapYk;

bjspf;f ntz;Lk;.

njky; neha;

neha; jhf;fpa ,iyfspy; k";rs; kw;Wk; gr;ir epw jpl]Lfs;/

mLj;jLj;J fhzg]gLk;. neha[w;w brofs] tsh]r;rpaw;Wk; ;/ brofspy;

,iyfs; beUf;fkhf tsh]e ;J/ fqf;fspy; ,ilbtsp Fiwe;Jk;

fhzg]gLk;. ,iyfspd; gug]gst[ Fiwe;J/ RU';fp nkL gs;s';fSld;

fhzg]gLk;.

neha; nkyhz;ik

neha[w ;w brofis cldoahf mfw;wp/ mHpj;J tpl ntz;Lk;.

tpijfis neha[w;w kuj;jpypUe;J (m) brofspypUe;J nrfhpf;f ntz;Lk;.

��


kyh] -33 ,jH; - 12

40

mWtil bra;j fhshd;fis

gjg;gLj;Jk; Kiwfs;

F. jphpg[tdkhyh/ F. re;jpunrfh; kw;Wk; nt. gpufhrk;

gaph; nehapay; Jiw/ jkpH;ehL ntshz:ikg; gy;fiyf; fHfk;


bghJthf fhshd;fspy; mjpf <ug]gjk; ,Ug]gjhy; mWtilbra;j24-48 kzp neuj;jpw ;F nky; rhjhuz btg]g epiyapy; (25-30°br.)ey;yKiwapy; itj;jpUf;f ,ayhJ. ,d;iwa tpahghu NH;epiyfspy;/ rpyrka';fspy; re;ijapy; fhshd; tpw;gid rpy vjph]ghuhj NH;epiyfspdhy;ke;jkhf ,Ug;gjhy; ehk; fhshid gjg;gLj;jp re;ij tpw;gidf;Fj;jFe;jthW tpw;gid bra;ayhk;. fhshid gjg]gLj;Jtjw;F VuhskhdKiwfs; cs;sd. mtw;wpy; Kf;fpakhd vspjhd Kiwfs; fPnH

jug]gl;Ls;sd.

m. FWfpafhy ,Ug;g[ itf;Fk; Kiw

� fhshd;fis Jisaplhg] ghypj;jPd; igfspy; 5°brd]ofpnul;

btg;gepiyapy; Fsph ;rhjdg] bgl;ofspy; ,uz;L ehl]fSf;Fg]

ghJfhf]fyhk;.

� fhshid gwpj;jt[ld; 0.1 rjk; rpl;hpf; mkpyk; my;yJ 0.5 rjk; bghl;lhrpak;

bkl]lhigry;igl; fye;j fiurypy; eidj;J <uk; cyh]e;jt[ld;/ epwk;

khwhky; \d;W ehl;fSf;Fg] ghJfhf;fyhk;.

� bte;ePhpy; (80° br.) 2 epkplk; itj;J vLj;J fhshid 0.5 rjk; rpl;hpf; mkpy

fiurypy; 8-10 ehl;fs; tiu ,Ug;g[ itf;fyhk;.

M. ePz;l fhy nrkpg;g[

fhshd;fis Nhpa btg;gj ;jpy ; cyh;j ;Jjy;/ cg;g[ fiurypy;

gjg]gLj;Jjy;/ nfdp'; kw;Wk; gpshd;rp'; nghd;w Kiwfspy; gjg]gLj;jp ePz;l

ehl;fSf;F ,Ug;gpy; itf;fyhk;.

1.Nhpa xspapy; cyh;j;Jjy;

fhshd;fis Rj;jk; bra;jgpd; jpdrhp bra;jpj; jhs; gug]gpa ,Uk;g[

jl;Lfspy; itj;J xd;W my;yJ ,uz;L ehl;fs; bjhlh]e;J btapypy;

cyh]j;jp/ gpd;g[ Jisaplhj ghypj;jPd; igfspy; milj;J ghJfhf;fyhk;.

,e;j khjphp gjg]gLj;jg]gl;l fhshd;fspy; rj;Jf;fs; Fiwtjpy;iy. nkYk;

cgnahfg;gLj;Jk; rkaj;jpy; btJbtJg;ghd ePhpy; ,uz;L epkplk;

itj;jpUe;jhy; g[jpjhf kyh]e]j fhshd; nghy; MfptpLk;.


kyh] -33 ,jH; - 12

41

2. ,ae;jpu cyh;j;jp (Dehydration)

,ae;jpu cyh]j;jp \yk; 45-50° brd;ofpnul; btg]gepiyapy; \d;Wehl;fSf;F cyh;j;jg;gl;l fhshd;fis Jisaplhj ghypj;jPd; igfspy;\d;W khj';fs; tiu ,Ug;g[ itf;fyhk;. njitg;gLk;rkaj;jpy; nkw;TwpaJ

nghy; bte;ePhpy; eidj;J cgnahfg;gLj;jyhk;.

3. kpjit gLf;if cyh;j;jp

fhshid cyh;j;Jtjw;bfd;nw jkpH;ehL ntshz:ikg; gy;fiyf;fHfj;jpy; kpjit gLf;if cyh]j;jp xd;W totikf;fg]gl;Ls;sJ. ,jpy;cyh]j;Jk; bghGJ/ fhshd;fs; kpje;j epiyapy; ,Uf;Fk;. ,jdhy;/cyh]j;jpapy; ,lg]gLk; vy;yhf; fhshd;fspd; KGg] gug]gpd; kPJk; xnu rPuhfbtg;gf;fhw;W gut[k;. ,e;j cyh]j;jpapy; xU kpd;rhu nkhl;lhuhy; ,a';Fk;JUj;jp/ fhw;iw Nlhf;Fk; ehd;F kpd; RUs; fk;gpfs; bfhz;l ikag]gFjpkw;Wk; fhshd; itf;Fk; kpjitg; gLf;ifg; gFjp vd \d;W gFjpfs;cs;sd. ,jpy; cs;s JUj;jp epkplj;jpw;F Rkhh] 135 fd kPl;lh] fhw;iwikag;gFjpapy; cs;s Nlhf;Fk; kpd; fk;gpfspd; kPJ tPRk;. mg;nghJ/ fhw;Wkpd; fk;gpfspy; cs;s btg;gj;ij vLj;Jf; bfhz:L Rkhh] 50-60° brd;ofpnul;btg;gf; fhw;whf kpjitg; gLf;ifg; gFjpf;F tUfpwJ. ,f;fUtpiaf;bfhz:L 6 fpnyh vila[s;s fhshid 80 epkpl';fspy; Vwj;jhH 0.6 fpnyhvila[s;s cyh;e;j fhshdhf khw;wyhk;. ,f;fUtpapd; \yk; cyh]j;Jk;fhshd;fspd; juj;ij cah;j;jf; fhshd;fis/ 0.5 rjk; bghl;lhrpak;bkl;lhigry;igl; fye;j ePhpy; Kd;neh;j;jp bra;J cyu itf;f ntz:Lk;.,jpy; cyh]j;jg]gl;l fhshidf; fhw;W g[fhj g[l;ofspy; milj;J Rkhh] xUtUlk; tiu ,Ug]gpy; itf;fyhk;. kpjit gLf;if cyh]j;jp \yk; xU fpnyh

fhshid cyh]j;j Rkhh; VG +gha; bryt[ MFk;.

4. cg;g[ fiurypy; nrkpj;jy;

mWtil bra;j fhshd;fis 3-5 epkpl';fSf;F bfhjp ePhpy; mkpH;j;jntz;Lk;. cg;g[ fiurypy; (xU fpnyh cg;g[ / ypl;lh; jz;zPh]) fhshd;mkpH;e;jpUf;Fk;go itf;f ntz;Lk;. mjd; gpwF 2 ehl;fs; fHpj;J/cg;g[fiurypy; 800 kpy;yp fpuhk;/ rpl;hpf; mkpyk; fyf;f ntz;Lk;. ,jpy;fhshd;fis 8 kzpneuk; mkpH;e;jpUf;FkhW itf;ft[k;. gpd; ,s";Nlhd

ePhpy; ed;F fGtpagpd; rikaYf;Fg] gad;gLj;jyhk;.

5. nfdp'; (Canning) Kiwapy; lg;ghf;fspy; gjg;gLj;Jjy;

,k;Kiwapy; ghy;fhshd;fis gjg;gLj;jyhk;. fhshd;fis btl;o0.1 rjk; rpl;hpf; mkpyj;jpy; fGt ntz;Lk;. (10 ypl;lh] jz;zPhpy; 100 fpuhk;rpl;hpf; mkpyk;) Ie;J epkplj;jpw;Fg] gpd; lg;ghf;fspy; milj;J mjpy; cg]g[fiuriy Cw;w ntz;Lk;. gpd; lg]ghit bfhjpf;Fk; ePhpy; itj;J chparhjd';fisf; bfhz;L bfl;oahf milf;f ntz;Lk;. ,t;thW jahh] bra;jlg;ghf;fis btg;g\l;oapy; bjhw;W ePf;fk; bra;a ntz;Lk;. xU rJubrd;okPl;lUf;F xU fpnyh fpuhk; vd;w mGj;jj;jpy;/ 110° brd;ofpnul;btg;gepiyapy; bjhw;W ePf;fk; bra;j lg;ghf;fis cldoahf ePnuhl;lk;

cs;s bjhl;ofspy; Fspu itj;J/ tpw;gid bra;ayhk;.

��


kyh] -33 ,jH; - 12

42

tzpf Kiwapy; khk;gH ghdk; jahhpj;jy;

R.fz;zd; kw;Wk; t.f.,utpr;re;jpud;

ntshz;ik mwptpay; epiyak;/ jpz;otdk; - 604 002

bjhiyngrp vz:: 04147-250001

Kf;fdpfspy; xd;whd khk]gHk] nfhilfhyj;jpy; kpf mjpfstpy;

fpilf;ff; ToaJ. gH';fspd; uhzpahf tps';Fk; khk;gHj;jpy; kdpjDf;F

ntz;oa itl;lkpd;-V/ itl;lkpd;-rp/ fhy;rpak]/ gh!;gu!; kw;Wk] ehh]rj;J

nghd;w rj;Jf;fs; mjpfstpy; ,Uf;fpd;wd.

nk/$%d; khj';fspy; mjpfstpy; tpise;J re;ijapy; kpf Fiwe;j

tpiyapy; fpilg]gjhy; mtw;iw gad;gLj;jp !;Fth#;/ $hk]/ rpug]/ nfz;o/

khk;gH ghh]/ CWfha;/ kh';fha; bjhf;F/ kh';fha; rl;dp nghd;w midj;J

tifahd khk;gH kjpg]g{l]lg]gl]l gjhh]j;j';fis jahh] bra;ayhk]. ,ij

tPl]oypUe;njh (m) Foir bjhHpyhfnth bra;J ekJ tUkhdj;ij

bgUf;fpf; bfhs;tJld;/ ehKk; Mz;L KGtJk; gad;gLj;jyhk;.

kjpg]g{l]lg]gl]l khk]gHj; jahhpg]g[fshd khk;gH !;Fth#; $hk;/ nfz;o/

khk;gH ghh] nghd;wtw;iw tzpf Kiwapy; gad;gLj;Jtijg] gw;wp ,';F

fhzyhk].

1. khk]gH !;Fth#;

njitahd bghUl]fs;

khk;gHf; TH; - 1 fg]

rh]f;fiu - 2 fg]

jz;zPh] - 1fg]

rpl]hpf; mkpyk] - 1 njf;fuz;o

bghl]lhrpak] bkl]lh ig ry;igl] - 1 rpl]oif

vrd;!; - 1/2 njf;fuz;o

epwkp (bykd; k";rs;) - 1/4 njf;fuz;o

bra;Kiw

ed;F gGj;j/ moglhj gH';fis njh]t[ bra;J vLj;Jf; bfhs;s

ntz;Lk;. gH';fis Rj;jkhd ePhpy; ed;F fGtp njhypid ePf;f ntz;Lk;.

gpd;g[ gH';fis btl;o rijg]gFjpia kl]Lk] vLj;Jf;bfhs;s ntz;Lk;.

jahh] bra;j Jz;Lfis kpf;!papy; ,l]L ed;F THhf;f ntz;Lk;.


kyh] -33 ,jH; - 12

43

xU ghj;jpuj;jpy; njitahd mst[ jz;zPiua[k]/ rh]f;fiuiaa[k]

nrh]j;J mjDld; rpl]hpf; mkpyj;ija[k] vLj;Jf;bfhz;L rh]f;fiug]ghF jahh]

bra;a ntz;Lk]. (rh]f;fiu ed;F fiua[k] tiu NLgLj;j ntz;Lk]). ghif

bts;isj; Jzpapy; tofl]o ed;F Mw itf;f ntz;Lk]. rh]f;fiug] ghFld;

gHr]rhiw nrh]j;J vrd;!;/ epwkp nghd;wtw;iw nrh]f;f ntz;Lk]. ,t]thwhf

jahhpj;j gHr]rhW bflhky; ,Uf;f ghJfhf;Fk; bghUis (bghl]lhrpak]

bkl]lh ig ry;igl]) nrh]f;f ntz;Lk]. ed;F Rj;jk; bra;J (fpUkpfs;

ePf;fg]gl]l) ghl]oypd; nky; ghfj;jpy; ½ -1" ,ilbtsp ,Uf;FkhW gHr]rhiw

epug]gp ghl]oiy fhw;W g[fh tz;zk] \o itf;f ntz;Lk]. njitg]gLk] nghJ

!;Fth#; xU g';Fld; jz;zPh] \d;W g';F nrh]j;Jg] gUfpdhy; kpft[k]

Ritahf ,Uf;Fk].

2. khk]gH $hk]

njitahd bghUl]fs;

khk]gHk] - 1 fpnyh

rh]f;fiu - ¾ fpnyh

rpl]hpf; mkpyk] - ¼ fpnyh

bghl]lhrpak] bkl]lh ig ry;igl] - 1 rpl]oif

epwkp(njitahd fyh]) - njitf;nfw;g

bra;Kiw

gHf;TGld; rh]f;fiu nrh]j;J kpjkhd jPapy; ntf tplt[k]. gHg]ghF

bfl]oahfp gjk] tUk] jUthapy; rpl]hpf; mkpyk; nrh]j;J fyf;ft[k;. fuz;oapy;

gHg]ghif vLj;J tHpa tpLk] nghJ gHg]ghF jhs; nghd;W tpGe;jhy; gHg;ghF

gjk] te;Jtpl]lJ vd;W bjhpe;J bfhs;syhk]. gHg;ghif mLg]gpypUe;J

,wf;fp tha; mfd;w/ fpUkpfs; ePf;fk; bra;j fz;zho Fg]gpfspy; epug]gp

Mwtplt[k]. gpd;g[ ,Wf;fkhf \o ghJfhf;ft[k]. Nlhd gHg]ghif epug]g[k]

nghJ/ Fg]gpfis xU kug]gyifapd; kPJ itj;J epug]gt[k]. ,y;yhtpl]lhy;

Fg]gpfs; cila nehpLk].

3. khk]gH jahh]epiy ghdk]

njitahd bghUl]fs;

khk]gHk] - 1 fpnyh

rh]f;fiu - 500 fpuhk;

rpl]hpf; mkpyk] - 10 fpuhk]

jz]zPh] - 10 lk]sh] (21/2 ypl;lh;)

bghl]lhrpak] bkl]lh ig ry;igl] - ¼ njf;fuz;o


kyh] -33 ,jH; - 12

44

bra]Kiw

khk]gHj]ij fGtp gHf]TH; vLj;Jf] bfhs;st[k]. ehd;F lk;sh] khk]gHf;

TGf;F (1 fpnyh fpuhk]) 500 fpuhk] rh]f;fiu/ 10 fpuhk] rpl]hpf; mkpyk] kw;Wk]

10 lk]sh] (2.5 fpnyh fpuhk]) jz;zPh] mse;J vLj;Jf; bfhs;st[k]. jz;zPh]/

rpl]hpf; mkpyk] kw;Wk] rh]f;fiu fye;J/ rh]f;fiu ghF fha;r]rt[k]. fha;r]rpa

rh]f;fiu ghif ed;whf Mwitj;J xU bky;ypa k!;ypd; Jzpapy; tofl]o/

gpd;dh] gHf;TGld; nrh]f;ft[k]. ,uz;Lk] fye;j ghdj;ij ed;whff; fyf;fp

,jDld; bghl]lhrpak] bkl]lh ig ry;igl]/ v!d;!;/ fyh] fye;J fyf;fp/

fpUkpfs; ePf;fk] bra;j ghl;oypy; epug;gp 80° bry;rpa!; tiu Nlhf;fp

ghdj;jpYs;s fhw;iw btspnaw;wp Mwitj;J rPy; itf;ft[k]. kWgoa[k]/

rPy; bra;j ghl;oiy jz;zPhpy; itj;J 80° bry;rpa!; tiu Nlhf;fp

ghdj;jpYs;s fpUkpfis ePf;f ntz;Lk.; gpd;dh] Mwitj;J ghJfhg]ghd

,lj;jpy; mLf;fp itj;J/ njitahd nghJ ed;whff; FYf;fptpl]L gUft[k].

4. khk]gH nfz;o

njitahd bghUl;fs;

khk]gHk] - 1 fpnyh

rh]f;fiu - 1 fpnyh

rpl]hpf; mkpyk; - 1.5 fpuhk;

bra;Kiw

ed;F gGj;j bfl]oahd khk]gHj;ij ePhpy; fGtp njhiy ePf;ft[k].

gHj;ij bghpa Jz;Lfshf eWf;ft[k]. eWf;fpa gHj;ij xU bky;ypa

Jzpapy; ,l]L RLePhpy; 6 epkplk] tiu tplt[k]. gpd;g[ Mwtpl;L rh]f;fiua[k]/

ePUk] nrh]j;J ghF jahhpf;ft[k]. mj;Jld; rpl]hpf; mkpyj;ija[k] nrh]f;ft[k].

gpd;g[/ khk]gH Jz;oid ghFtpy; nghl]L 10 Kjy; 12 kzp neuk] tiu

Cwitf;ft[k;. gpd;g[ ghFit toj;Jtpl]L btapypy; cyu itf;f ntz;Lk].

rpwpJ fha]e;jt[ld; rh]f;fiu gt[lhpy; nghl]L gpul]o vLj;J gad;gLj;jyhk].

5. gH ghh]

njitahd bghUl]fs;

khk]gHf;TH; - 1 fpnyh fpuhk]

rh]f;fiu - 1 fpnyh fpuhk]

gjg]gLj;jg]gl]l kf;fhr;nrhskht[ - 20 fpuhk]

rpl]hpf; mkpyk] - 2.5 fpuhk]

bghl]lhrpak] bkl]lh ig ry;igl] - 400 kpy;yp fpuhk]


kyh] -33 ,jH; - 12

45

bra;Kiw

ed;F gGj;j khk]gH';fis njhiy rPtp/ Jz;Lfshf;fp/ kpf;!papy;

miuj;Jf; bfhs;s ntz;Lk]. nrhs khit rpwpJ ePhpy; fl]oapd;wp fiuj;J

rh]f;fiu/ rpl]hpf; mkpyk] ,itfisa[k] nrh]j;J khk]gHf; TGld; fye;J

mLg]gpy; itj;J mogpof]fhky; ,Uf;f kuf;fuz;oapdhy; tplhky; fpswp

\d;wpy; xU g';fhf Fiwa[k] tiu fha;r]r ntz;Lk;. gpd;dh] mLg]gpy; ,Ue;J

,wf;fp Mwpat[ld; mj;Jld; bghl]lhrpak] bkl]lh ig ry;igl] nrh]j;J ed;F

brt;tfkhd l]nuapy; ,e;j fyitia miu br.kP. fzj;jpy; gug]gp 600

bry;rpa!; kpd; cyh]j;jpapy; Rkhh] VG kzp neuk] cyu itj;J gpd; rpwpJ

neuk] Mwtpl]L gpd;g[ khk]gH ghiu njitahd totj;jpy; btl]of; bfhz;L

gl]lh] ngg]gh] my;yJ ghypj;jPd; igfspy; nghl]L fhw;W g[fhtz;zk; rPy;

bra;J nrkpj;J itj;jhy; xU tUlk] tiu bflhky; ,Uf;Fk].

Foirj; bjhHpyhf gHur ghdk] jahhpf;Fk] bjhHpy; bjhl';fj;

njitahdit

KjyPl]Lj] bjhif njhuhakhf +.23/000 Kjy; +.25/000 tiu MFk].

cjhuzkhf E}W ghl;oy; gHurk] jahhpf;f ntz;Lk] vd;W itj;Jf;

bfhs;nthk;.

mtw;iw jahhpf;fj; njitahd bghUl;fs; kw;Wk; bryt[fisf; fPnH

fhzyhk].

1 ,lk] brhe;jkhf my;yJ thliff;F

2 gHf;TH; miuf;Fk] ,ae;jpuk] +. 10/000

3 nf!; !;lt] +. 3/000

4 ghj;jpu';fs;/ gyiffs;/ fj;jpfs;/ !;g{d;/

fuz;ofs;/ tofl]ofs; Kjypad +. 10/000

1. gH';fs; 35.0 fpnyh

(20 fp gHurk]) +.525.00

2. rh]f;fiu 35 fpnyh +.630.00

3. rpl]hpf; mkpyk] 0.8 fpnyh +.80.00

4. ghJfhg]ghd; (nf.vk].v!;) 0.1 fpnyh +.10.00

5. v!d;!; kw;Wk] fyh] gt[lh] 50 kpy;yp +.40.00

6. ghl]oy;fs; \oa[ld; 100 vz;zpf;if +.300.00

7. bjhHpyhsh]fs; 4 vz;zpf;if +.300.00

8. vhpbghUs; kw;Wk] kpd;rhuk; - +.100.00

9. ghl]oy;fspy; nygps; xl]l MFk] bryt[ - +.25.00

10. R{g]gh]itrh] - +.100.00


kyh] -33 ,jH; - 12

46

��

E}W ghl]oy; gHurk] jahhpj;njhk; vd;why; +gha; 2210.00 bryt[ MFk].

xU ghl]oy; tpiy +.30.00 f;F vd;W tpw;gid bra;jhy; xU ehisf;F/ E}W

ghl]oy;fSf;F +.3000.00 tiu fpilf;Fk]. vdnt xU ehisf]F +.790/-fpilf]Fk; (mjhtJ 3000-2210=790 +gha; tiu yhgk] fpilf;Fk;). ,jidna

xU khjk] mjhtJ 25 ehl]fs; ntiy vd;W fzf;F ghh]j]jhy] khjj]jpw;F

+. 19750/- tiu Rakhf rk;ghjpf;fyhk;.

cUisf; fpH';fpd; tpiy VWkh?,e;jpahtpy; cUisf; fpH';F Kf;fpag] gapuhf tps';FfpwJ. cyf

cUisf; fpH';F cw;gj;jpapy; 7.5 rjtPjk; cw;gj;jpia bra;J ,e;jpah

\d;whk; ,lj;jpy; cs;sJ.

,e;jpahtpy; Kf;fpakhd cUisf;fpH';F th]j;jf ika';fspy;

nkl;Lg]ghisaKk; xd;whFk;. ePyfphp Tl;Lwt[ tpw;gid r';fk; kw;Wk;

100f;Fk; nkw;gl;l jdpahh] tpw;gid kz;ofSk; nkl;Lg]ghisaj;jpy;

bray;gl;L tUfpd;wd. nkl;Lg]ghisaj;jpy; $^d; Kjy; ork;gh] khjk;

tiu cUisf; fpH';Ffspd; tuj;J mjpfkhf ,Uf;Fk;. jkpH;ehL

ntshz;ikg; gy;fiyf; fHfj;jpy; ,a';fp tUk; cs;ehl;L kw;Wk;

Vw;Wkjp re;ijj; jfty; ikaj;jpd; jpl;l xU';fpizg;ghsh] Kidth;

e.,utPe;jpud; kw;Wk; KJepiy Muha;r]rpahsh] jpUkjp. br. ftpjh

MfpnahuJ Ma;t[ Kot[fspd;go cUisf; fpH';fpd; tpiyahdJ/

ePyfphp khtl;l Tl;Lwt[ tpw;gid r';fj;jpy; etk;gh; khjk; 2007y; 45

fpnyhtpw;F +.550 Kjy; +.650 tiu ,Ue;jJ. ork;gh] 2007 kw;Wk;

$dthp 2008 Mfpa khj';fspy;/ 45 fpnyhtpw;F +. 400 Kjy; +.550 tiu

,Uf;Fk; vd bjhpa te;Js;sJ.

,e;jpahtpy; cUisf; fpH';fhdJ etk;gh; khjj;jpw;F nky;

bgUk;ghYk; mWtil bra;ag;gLfpwJ. ork;gh] khjj;jpy; cUisf;

fpH';fpd; tuj;J mjpfkhf ,Ug;gjhy; tpiy Fiwa tha;g]g[s]sJ. kw;w

khepy';fspypUe;J tuj;J cs;sjhy;/ ,uz;L my;yJ \d;W

khjj;jpw;F nrkpj;J itj]jhYk;/ ey;y tpiy fpilf;fhJ. mjdhy;

cUisf; fpH';if mWtil bra;j clnd tpw;gid bra;a[k;go

ghpe;Jiuf]fg]gLfpwJ.

11. brhe;j ,lk] ,y;yhtpl]lhy; thlif - +.50.00

,lj;jpw;F bfhLf;Fk] gzk] (xU ehisf;F)

12. tpw;gidf;F gHur ghdk] vLj;Jr; bry;Yk] +.50.00

egUf;F bfhLf;Fk] Typ (,uz;L ngUf;F) (xU ehisf;F)

Mf bkhj;j bryt[ + . 2 2 1 0 . 0 0


kyh] -33 ,jH; - 12

47

gUj;jp cw;gj;jp bghUshjhuKk;/

tpw;gid KiwfSk]

nggp uhzp/ tP./ ,uh.mKjh kw;Wk; R.Kusp fpU#;zrhkp

ntshz;ik mwptpay; epiyak;/ nfhtpyh';Fsk;/ mUg;g[f;nfhl;il


jkpH;ehl;od; bghUshjhuj;jpy; gUj;jp xU Kf;fpa ,lk] tfpf;fpwJ.

2000-Mk; Mz;oy; 2/65/000 vf;lh] gug]gpy; gUj;jp gaphplg]gLfpwJ. bkhj;jk;

4/37/000 ngy;fs; g";R cw;gj;jp bra;ag]gl;Ls;sJ. xU vf;lh] gug]gpypUe;J

ruhrhpahf 290 fpnyh g";R kfNy; fpilj;Js;sJ.

,e;jpa ehl;oypUe;J btsp ehLfSf;F 650 nfho +gha; kjpg]g[s;s g";R

Vw;Wkjp bra;ag]gLfpwJ. ,e;jpahtpy; ,Uf;Fk; 1000 kpy;fspypUe;J 11/800

nfho bgWkhd Jzp tiffs; Vw;WkjpahfpwJ. ,J ,e;jpahtpy; bkhj;j

Vw;Wkjpapy; 27 rjtPjkhFk;. ,e;j mst[f;F ,e;jpag] bghUshjhuj;jpy;

Kf;fpag] g';F tfpf;Fk; gUj;jp cw;gj;jpiag] bgUf;f ntz;oaJ

mtrpakhfpwJ. gUj;jp cw;gj;jpf;F Mjhukha; ,Uf;Fk; ekJ tptrhapfs;

gad;bgw/ gUj;jpf;F ey;y tpiy fpilf;f bra;a ntz;oaJ Kf;fpak;.

gUj;jp cw;gj;jpiag] bghWj;j mstpy; ekJ tptrhapfs; mjpf

rpukg]gl;L TLjy; kfNy; bgw;W tUfpwhh]fs;. fpilf;Fk; gUj;jpia

miwj;J/ g";rhf;fp/ gpd; E}yhf;fp bert[ bra;J Jzpahf;f ntz;oa[s;sJ.

tptrhapfs; gUj;jpia mg]gona tpw;f ntz;oa NH;epiyapy; cs;sdh].

gUj;jp E}w;g[ Miyf;F tUKd; gy ,ilg]gl;l tpahghhpfs; iffs; khwp

tUfpwJ. vdnt tptrhapfSf;Fg] nghjpa ,yhgk; fpilg]gjpy;iy. ,jpy;

vil/ tpiy nghd;wtw;wpy; Vkhw;wg]gLk; tptrhapfSk; cs;sdh]. vdnt

tptrhapfs; eyDf;fhf muR xG';FKiw tpw;gidf;Tlk;/ Tl;Lwt[

tpw;gidf; Tlk;/ Tl;Lwt[ tpw;gid r';fk;/ ,e;jpa gUj;jpf; fHfk; nghd;w

mikg]g[fis Vw;gLj;jpa[s;sJ. ,itfis cgnahfg]gLj;JtJ tptrhapfs;

flikahFk;. j';fs; tpis epy';fspy; mjpfk; cw;gj;jp bra;J tpw;gid

bra;a[k; nghJ re;ijapy; ,He;J tplhky; tptrhapfs; ftdkhf ,Uf;f

ntz;Lk;.

gUj;jp tptrhapfs; gUj;jp tpistpf;Fk; bkhj;j brytpy; gaph]

ghJfhg]g[f;fhf kl;Lk; 40 Kjy; 60 rjk; brytHpf;fpd;wdh]. kw;w ehLfSld;

xg]gpLk; nghJ ekJ ehl;oy; cw;gj;jp bryt[ kpft[k; mjpfkhf cs;sJ. ekJ

cw;gj;jp bryitf;Fiwf;f vspa brytpy;yh bjhHpy; El;g';fisf;

filgpof;f ntz;Lk;. gaph] ghJfhg;g[f;fhf mjpfkhFk; cw;gj;jp bryitf;

Fiwf;f xU';fpize;j gaph] ghJfhg]g[ Kiwfisf; filg]gpof;f ntz;Lk;.

fle;j rpy Mz;Lfspy; mbkhpf;fd; fha;g]g[G vd;W brhy;yf;Toa


kyh] -33 ,jH; - 12

48

gr]irf; fha;g]g[Gtpd; jhf;FjYf;F ekJ gFjpapy; gaphplg]gLk; vy;.Mh;.V.

5166 gUj;jpia kpf beUf;fkhf tpijg]gnj fhuzkhFk;. nkYk;/

ghpe;Jiuf;Fk; mstpw;F nky; mjpf mstpy; cukpLtjhYk;/ braw;if

ighpj;uha;L g{r]rpbfhy;ypfis kpf mjpfkhf cgnahfg] gLj;JtjhYk;

mbkhpf;fd; fha;g;g[G jhf;Fjy; mjpfkhfpwJ. vdnt ,j;jtwhd Kiwfis

tptrhapfs; jtph ]j ;jhny mbkhpf ;fd; fha;g ;g[G jhf;Fjy; Fiwa

tha;g]g[s;sJ. gr]irf; fha;g]g[Gf;fisf; fl;Lg]gLj;j g{r;rp kUe;Jfis

ek;gpg]gadpy;iy. ,df; fth;r]rpg] bghwp/ oiuf]nfhfpuhkh xl;Lz;zp/

fpiunrhgh Cqz;zp/ vd;.gp.tp.er]Raphp/ ntg]bgz;bza; nghd;w caphpay;

fl;Lg]ghL Kiwfis filg]gpof;f ntz;Lk;. bghUshjhu nrjepiyahd

10 rjtPj jhf ;FjYf;Fnkny fha;g ;g[Gf ;fs; jhf ;fpdhy; kl ;Lnk

kUe;Jbjspf;f ntz;Lk;. ed;ik bra;a[k;; g{r]rpfis mHpf;fhj ghJfhg]ghd

kUe;Jfisna cgnahfpf;f ntz;Lk;. gUj;jp kfNypy; cw;gj;jp

brytpidf; Fiwg]gJld; kfNiy ey;y tpiyf;F tpw;f njitahd

eltof;iffis nkw;bfhs;s ntz;Lk;. ey;y tpiy bgw gUj;jpapd; juk;

kpf Kf;fpak;.

gUj;jp mWtil bra;a[k; nghJ btoj;J ed;F kyh]e;j gUj;jpia kl;Lk;

nrfuk; bra;a ntz;Lk;. 2 my;yJ 3 jpd';fSf;F xU Kiw gUj;jpia nrfuk;

bra;a ntz;Lk;. fhiy neu';fspy; kl;Lk; gUj;jpia nrfuk; bra;a ntz;Lk;.

,jdhy; fha;e;j ,iy/ rUFfs; gUj;jpapy; xl;lhJ. kyh]e;j gUj;jpia kl;Lk;

vLf;f ntz;Lk;. vLf;fg]gl;l gUj;jpia epHypy; kzy; gug]gpa fs';fspy;

fhag;nghlntz;Lk;. neuo btapypy; gUj;jpia cyug]nghl;lhy; g";R ,iH

epwk; Fiwe;JtpLk;. bkd;ik jd;ik kw;Wk; epwk; ghjpf;fg]gLk;. gUj;jpia

ed;F cyh;j;jpagpd; mjpy; fye;Js;s ,iy rUFfs;/ fha;e;j rg]igfs;/

TLfs;/ g{r]rpneha; jhf;fpa bfhl;Lg]gUj;jpfs; Mfpatw;iw ePf;fpl ntz;Lk;.

gUj;jpia fhw;nwhl;lkhd miwfspy;/ jsg; gFjpapy; kzy; nghl;L mjd;

kPJ nrkpf;f ntz;Lk;. gUj;jpia ,ufk; thhpahf jdpj;jdpna nrkpf;f

ntz;Lk;. gUj;jpia tpw;f vLj;Jr] bry;Yk; nghJ btapypYk;/ kiHapYk;

ghjpf;fh tz;zk; jhh]gha; bfhz;L nghuhf;fis \o vLj;Jr] bry;y

ntz;Lk;. tptrhapfs; ghLgl;L gUj;jpia gaphpl;L kfNy; vLf;fpwhh]fs;.

jhk; ghLgl;L tpistpj;j gUj;jpia tpw;gid bra;a[k; nghJ Vw;fdnt fld;

gl;ljhy; ,ilj;jufh]fsplk; rpf;fp/ Fiwe;j tpiyapy; tpw;f ntz;oa

NH;epiy Vw;gLfpwJ. tptrhapfs; tpw;gidapy; Vkhw;wg]gLtij czh;e;J

kj;jpa/ khepy muRfs; rpy tHpKiwfis Vw;gLj;jpa[s;sd. gUj;jpia

tptrhapfsplkpUe;J th';f kj;jpa muR/ kj;jpa gUj;jpf;fHfk; vd;w

Tl;likg;ig Vw;gLj;jpa[s;sJ. nkYk; khepy muR tpw;gidf;FG vd;w

Tl;likg]ig Vw;gLj;jp mjd; fPH; xG';FKiw tpw;gidf;Tl';fs;

mikj]Js;sJ. ,J kl;Lkd;wp Tl;Lwt[ r';f';fs; \ykhft[k; gUj;jpia

tptrhapfs; tpw;gid bra;a tHptiffs; bra;ag]gl;Ls;sd.


kyh] -33 ,jH; - 12

49

kj;jpa gUj;jpf; fHfk;/ njrpa gUj;jp Miyf;Fj; njitahd

gUj;jpapid tptrhapfsplk; neuoahf bfhs;Kjy; bra;J tUfpwJ. ,jdhy;

tptrhapfSf;F TLjy; tpiy fpilf;f tha;g;g[s;sJ. Tl;Lwt[ r';f';fs;

\ykhf th';fg]gLk; gUj;jpapid mwit bra;J g";rpid Tl;Lwt[ gUj;jp

MiyfSf;F tpepnahfk; bra;Jbfhs;fpd;wdh]. ,t;thW gy epWtd';fs;

tptrhapfsplkpUe;J gUj;jpia neuo bfhs;Kjy; bra;tjhy;/ tpahghhpfs;

Vfnghf bfhs;Kjy; \yk; jhd; epidj;j tpiyf;F th';FtJ

jLf;fg]gLfpwJ. xG';FKiw tpw;gidf; Tl';fs; gUj;jpapid neuoahff;

bfhs;Kjy; bra;tJ ,y;iy. Mdhy; tpahghhpfSf;Fk;/ tptrhapfSf;Fk;

ghykhf ,Ue;J/ tpw;gidapy; Vw;gLk; ,lh]ghLfis ePf;fp tptrhapfSf;F

TLjy; tpiy fpilf;f nrit nehf;fj;njhL bray;gLfpd;wd.

xG';FKiw tpw;gidf;Tl';fspy;

1. tptrhapfspd; tpisbghUl;fis cyh]j;Jtjw;F ,ytr cyh]fsk;

mikf;fg]gl;Ls;sJ.

2. tptrhapfs; bfhz;LtUk; tpisbghUl;fs; ,ytrkhf juk; gphpg;g[

bra;ag]gl;L tptrhapfSf;F ju ml;ilfs; tH';fg]gLfpd;wd.

3. chpkk; bgw;w vilahsh]fisf;bfhz;L/ gUj;jpia vilnghLtjhy;

vilfs; Jy;ypakhf ,Uf;Fk;.

4. chpkk; bgw;w tpahghhpfs; gyh] ,';F te;J bfhs;Kjy; bra;tjhy; ,ufrpa

nghl;o \yk; tptrhapfSf;F cah]tpiyfs; fpilf;f tha;g]g[s;sJ.

5. tptrhapfs; bfhz;L tUk; tpis bghUl;fis ,Ug]g[ itj;J ey;y tpiy

mika[k; nghJ tpw;gid bra;a fpl';F trjpfs; cs;sd.

6. tptrhapfs; j';fs; tpis bghUl;fis tpw;gid bra;a fkp#d;/ juF

vJt[k; brYj;jj; njitapy;iy.

7. tptrhapfs; j';Ftjw;Fk;/ Xa;t[ vLg]gjw;Fk; ,ytr trjpfs;

bra;ag]gl;Ls;sd.

8. tptrhapfs; tpisbghUl;fis bfhz;LtUk; khl;Ltz;ofis epWj;jt[k;/

fhy;eilfs; Xa;t[f;Fk;/ jz;zPUf;Fk; trjpfs; bra;ag;gl;ls;sd.

9. tptrhapfSf;F gaph]thhpahd mWtil neh]j;jpfs;/ mWtil gpd;

bra;neh]j ;jpfs; nghd;w bjhHpy; El;g cjtpfs; ,ytrkhf

tH';fg]gLfpd;wd.

gUj;jpf;F tptrhapfs; vjph]ghh]j;j mst[ tpiy fpilf;ftpy;iybadpy;

TLjy; tpiy tUk; nghJ tpw;gid bra;jpl ,Ug;g[ itj;J fld;bgw

xG';FKiw tpw;gidf; Tl';fspy; trjpfs; cs;sd. ,';F Cuf

fpl;l';fpapy; tpis bghUl;fis ,Ug;g[ itj;J tpisbghUl;fspd; bkhj;j

kjpg]gpy; 50 rjk; my;yJ +gha; 10/000/- ,jpy; vJ Fiwnth mJ fldhf

tH';fg]gLfpwJ. ,g]gzj;jpw;F Kjy; 30 ehl;fSf;F tl;o vJt[k; fpilahJ.


kyh] -33 ,jH; - 12

50

mjw;F gpd;g[ 12 rj tl;o tNypf;fg;gLfpwJ. 6 khj';fs; tiuapy; ,Ug;g[

itj;Jf; bfhs;syhk;.

xG';FKiw tpw;gidf; Tl';fspy; ntshz;ikj; Jiwiar] rhh]e;j

ntshz;ik mYtyf';fs; kw;Wk; cjtp ntshz;ik mYtyh]fs;

tptrhapfs; bfhz;L tUk; gUj;jpapid ,ytrkhf juk; gphpg;g[ bra;J ju

ml;ilfs; tH';Ffpd;wdh]. gUj;jpapid tp";"hd hPjpapy; juk; gphpf;f gUj;jp

juk ; g ph pg ;g[ ika';fs; khepyj;jpy ; 11 ,l';fspy ; murhy;

bray;gLj;jg]gLfpd;wd. fhkuhrh] khtl;lk;/ ,uhrghisaj;jpy; gUj;jp juk;

gphpg;g[ ikak; bray;gl;L tUfpwJ. bghJthfg] gUj;jpapd; juk; rpwg;g[

Fz';fshd Rj;jk;/ epwk;/ bkd;ik kw;Wk; <uk; Mfpa ehd;F jd;ikfis

bghWj;J mikfpwJ. juk; gphpg;g[ ika';fspy; gUj;jp V/gp/rp/o vd ehd;F

ju';fshf gphpf;fg]gLfpwJ. vdnt tptrhapfs; xG';FKiw tpw;gidf;

Tl';fs; \ykhft[k; muR epWtdkhd ,e;jpa gUj;jp fHfk; \ykhfnth

my;yJ ntshz;ik cw;gj;jp bghUs; Tl;Lwt[ tpw;gid r';f';fs;

\ykhfnth j';fs; gUj;jpia tpw;gid bra;J ,ilj;jufh;fspd; iffspy;

rpf;fhky; ey;y ,yhgk; bgwyhk;.

gUj;jpapypUe;J fpilf;Fk; ,ju bghUl;fs; gUj]jp tpij vz;bza;/

gUj;jp khhpypUe;J fhfpjk; nghd;witfshFk;. gUj;jp kfNypy; 3-y; 2 ghfk;

tpij fpilf;fpwJ. ,jpy; 15 Kjy; 23 rjtPjk; vz;bza; cs;sJ. 5½ ,yl;rk;

ld; vz;bza; vLf;f tha;g]gpUe;Jk; ,e;jpahtpy; jw;nghija Mz;Lf;F 3

,yl;rk; ld; vz;bza; kl;Lnk vLf;fg]gLfpwJ. ,jd; fhuzk; bgUk;ghYk;

gUj;jp tpijia khl;Lj; jPtdkhf cgnahfpg;gnj MFk;. khl;Lf;F

njitahd czt[r ] rj ;ij gUj;jp tpij g[z;zhf;F \ykhft[k ;

mspf;fyhk;. vdnt vz;bza; vLf;Fk; bjhHpiy jPtpug]gLj;Jtjd; \yk;

gUj;jp gaphpLk; tptrhapapd; tUkhdj;ij mjpfhpf;fyhk;. jw;nghJ 40-50

,yl;rk; ld; gUj;jpkhh] tPzhfnth/ mLg]bghpf;fnth gad;gLj;jg]gLfpwJ.

,ij fhfpjk; bra;a/ jLg;g[ ml;ilfs; bra;a cgnahfpf;fyhk;. ,jdhy;

ekJ Vw;Wkjp jpwd; mjpfhpf;Fk;.

ekJ ehl;od; Kd;ndw;wj;jpw;Fk;/ khdhthhp fhpry; fhl;L tptrhapfspd;

thH;f;if eyj;jpw;Fk; gUj;jp xU Kf;fpa gzg]gapuhf cs;sJ. gUj;jpia

,yhgfuhkha; gaph] bra;J rpwe;j kfNy; vLj;J ey;y Kiwapy; tpw;gid

bra;a ntz;Lk;. tpij kfNnyhL epd;W tplhky;/ gUj;jptpij vz;bza;/

ml;il/ fhfpjk; vd tptrhak; rhh]e;j bjhHpYf;F/ cghp bghUl;fis

tpw;gid bra;J TLjy; ,yhgk; bgwyhk;. me;epabryhtzpia kpr]rg]gLj;j

ntz;Lk;. ,ij czh]e;J tptrhapfs; bray;gl;lhy; mth]fs; thH;f;ifj;juk;

cau ey;y tha;g;g[fs; cz;L.

��


kyh] -33 ,jH; - 12

51

fhh;j;jpifg]gl;l tpiy Kd;dwptpg]g[fs;

Kidth; e. ,utPe;jpud;

ntshz; kw;Wk; Cuf nkk;ghl;L Ma;t[ ikak;/ jkpH;ehL ntshz;ikg; gy;fiyf; fHfk;


jkpH;ehl]oy; 50 rjtPjj;jpw ;F nkyhf khdhthhp gaph ] rhFgo

nkw;bfhs;sg]gLfpwJ. ,e;j khdhthhp gaph] rhFgoapy; fhh]j;jpifg] gl]lk;

kpf Kf;fpakhdjhff; fUjg]gLfpwJ. jkpH;ehl]oy; ,f;fhh]j;jpifg] gl]lj;jpy;

tlfpHf;F gUtkiH bjhl';Fk;. jkpH;ehl]oy;/ bjd;nkw;F gUtkiHiaf;

fhl]oYk;/ tlfpHf;F gUtkiHna mjpf kiHg] bghHpitj; jUfpwJ.

tlfpHf;F gUtkiH kw;Wk; mijj; bjhlh]e;J Fsph] kw;Wk; gdp nghd;w

gUt';fSf;F cfe;j gaph]fshd bfhj;jky;yp/ fk;g[/ bfhz;ilf;fliy/

Nhpafhe ;jp / vs; / epyf ;fliy kw;Wk; kf ;fhr ]nrhsk; Mfpait

gaphplg]gLfpd;wd.

,g]gUtj;jpy; gaph] bra;a[k; tptrhapfSf;fhf/ jkpH;ehL ntshz;ikg]

gy;fiyf; fHfj;jpy; ,a';Fk ; cs;ehl]L kw;Wk; Vw;Wkjp re;ijj; jfty;

ikak; tpiy Ma;t[fis nkw;bfhz;L fPH ;f ;fz;l gaph ]fSf;F

ghpe;Jiufis tH';fpa[s;sJ.

bfhz;ilf;fliy

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tfpf;fpwJ. jkpH;ehl;oy; bfhz;ilf;fliy 5/977 vf;lhpy; gaphplg]gl]L

4/007 ld;fs; cw;gj ;jp bra;ag ]gLfpwJ. jkpH ;ehl ]od; bkhj ;jf ;

bfhz;ilf;fliy gug;gstpy; 76 rjtPjk; nfhak;g[j;J}h] khtl]lj;jpYk;/

24 rjtPjk; kw;w khtl]l';fspYk; gaphplg]gLfpwJ. re;ij \y';fspd;go

midj;J khepy';fspYk; bfhz;ilf;fliy tpijg]ghdJ mf;nlhgh]-

etk;gh] khj';fspy; nkw;bfhs;sg]gLfpwJ.

gaphpd; tsh]r]rpg] gUtj;jpy; nghJkhd mst[ gdp ,Uf;Fk; bghGJ ey;y

tsh]r]rp Vw;gLk;. ,e;jg] gapuhdJ nrkpj;J itg]gjw;F cfe;j gapuhff;

fUjg]gLfpwJ. tptrhapfs; 8 khjk; tiu fliyia nrkpj;J itf;fpd;wdh].


kyh] -33 ,jH; - 12

52

cLkiyg]ngl]il re;ijf;F mWtil khj';fshd gpg]uthp kw;Wk; khh]r]rpy;

Rkhh] 4/000 ld;fs; tuj;J ,Uf;Fk;. khepyj; njitf;F Me;jpuh kw;Wk;

fh]ehlf khepy';fisr] rhh]e;Js;nshk;. gz;oiff; fhykhd mf;nlhghpy;

bfhz;ilf;fliyapd; njit mjpfkhf ,Ug]gjhy; tpiyahdJ mjpfhpj;J

fhzg;gLk;. Muha;r]rp Kot[fspd;go tUk; gpg]uthp kw;Wk; khh]r] khj';fspy;

bfhz;ilf;fliyapd; tpiyahdJ Ftpz;lhYf;F +.2/700 Kjy; +.2/800

tiu ,Uf;Fk;.

bfhj;jky;yp

jkpH;ehl]oy;/ J}j;Jf;Foapy] 6/819 vf;lh] gug]gstpYk; mijj; bjhlh]e;J

tpUJefh]/ nfhak;g[j;J}h] kw;Wk; flY}h] khtl]l';fspYk] bfhj;jky;yp

gaphplg]gLfpwJ. 2005-06Mk; Mz;L bkhj;jg] gug]gst[ kw;Wk; cw;gj;jp

Kiwna 21/062 vf;lh] kw;Wk; 6/424 ld;fs; MFk;. jkpH;ehl]oy;/ tpUJefh]/

tpshj;jpFsk; kw;Wk; nfhtpy;gl]o Mfpad Kf;fpa tpw;gid ika';fshFk;.

tpUJefh] tpw;gidf; Tlj;jpypUe;J nrfhpj;j bfhj;jky;yp tpiy epytuj;ij

Ma;t[ bra;jjpy;/ ,t;thz;L mWtilf; fhykhd gpg]uthp Kjy; khh]r]/ 2008

tiu bfhj;jky;ypapd; tpiy Ftpz;lhYf;F +.3000-3250 Mf ,Uf;Fk; vd;W

fzpf;fg]gl]Ls;sJ. jw;nghija tpiyahdJ Ftpz;lhYf;F +.4125 Kjy;

+. 4500 tiu MFk;.

fk;g[

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jw;nghJ nfhHpj; jPtd';fs; jahhpg]gpy; mjpfkhfg] gad;gLj;jg]gLfpwJ.

tlfpHf;F gUtkiHiag] bghWj;J mf;nlhgh] khjj;jpy; bjd;jkpH;ehl]oy;

mjpfk; gaphplg]gLfpwJ. jkpH;ehl]oy; fle;j Mz;oy; 98/000 vf;lhpy;

gaphplg]gl;L/ 1.24 ,yl]rk; ld;fs; cw;gj;jp bra;ag]gl]lJ. cs;ehl]L kw;Wk;

Vw;Wkjp re;ijj; jfty; ikaj;jpd; Ma;tpd;go/ gpg]uthp khjk; Kjy; nk khjk;

tiu kw;Wk; Mf!;L/ brg]lk;gh] khj';fspy; tpiy mjpfhpj;J fhzg]gLk;.

mf;nlhgh] 2007y; nfhtpy;gl]o re;ijapy; fk;g[ tpiyahdJ/ xU fpnyh

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tpw;wJ. th]j;jfh]fs; jfty;;fspd;go fle;j Mz;L (2006) kf;fhr]nrhsj;jpw;F


kyh] -33 ,jH; - 12

53

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jfty; ikaj;jpd ; mwpt[iufs;

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fliy

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gpg]uthp kw;Wk; khh]r]

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• jw;nghija tpiy +. 2900/Ftpz;lhy; (cLkiy tpw;gidf;

Tlk;).

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nghJ ,Ue;j tpiy +. 2/500/Ftpz;lhy.;

bfhj;j

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(gpg]uthp/ khh]r]/ 2008)

Ftpz;lhYf;F +. 3000

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• jw;nghija tpiy +. 4125-4500/Ftpz;lhy; ( tpUJefh]

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nghJ ,Ue;j tpiy +. 2/550/Ftpz;lhy;.

fk;g[ $dthp Kjy; khh]r] 2008

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nghJ ,Ue;j tpiy +. 5.70/fpnyh.

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ghpe;Jiuf;fg]gLfpwhh]fs;.


kyh] -33 ,jH; - 12

54

bey; VOo 36 1150

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VOo 43 350

VOo (Mh]) 45 2250

vk;oa{ 5 190

nfh 46 150

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fk;g[ Irpvk;tp 221 54

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jkpH;ehL ntshz: gy;fiyf; fHf tpij ,Ug]g[j; jfty;

Kidth; fh.e.fnzrd; kw;Wk; Kidth; g.rpd;idad;

tpij ikak]/ jkpH;ehL ntshz:ikg] gy;fiyf; fHfk;/ nfhak]g[j;J}h] - 641 003

bjhiy ngrp vz;: 0422-6611232

I. ty;Yeh; tpij

cHt[j; bjhHpiy ,yhgfukhdjhf khw;w tptrhapfs; rkPg fhy';fspy;

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tpij cw;gj;jpapy; <LgLk; cHth]fis Cf;Ftpg]gjw;fhf/ jkpH;ehL

ntshz:ikg] gy;fiyf; fHfk; xt;bthU khjKk; ty;Yeh] tpij ,Ug]g[j;

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nfhak;g[j;J}h] - 641 003 vd;w Kfthpiaj; bjhlh]g[ bfhz:L bgw;Wf;

bfhs;SkhW md;g[ld; nfl;Lf; bfhs;sg]gLfpwhh]fs;.

ty;Yeh] tpij ,Ug]g[ tpguk;

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(+ghapy ; )

24.00

38.00

55.00

18.00

50.00

100.00

60.00

125.00


kyh] -33 ,jH; - 12

55

ntshz;ikf; fy;Y}hp kw;Wk; Muha;r;rp epiyak;/ kJiu.

(bjhiyngrp vz;: 0452-2422956)

ntshz;ikf; fy;Y}hp kw;Wk; Muha;r;rp epiyak;/ fps;spFsk;

(bjhiyngrp vz;: 04630-261226)

ntshz;ikg; bghwpapay; fy;Y}hp kw;Wk; Muha;r;rp epiyak;/

FK~h; (bjhiyngrp vz;: 0431-2541218/ 2543718)

ntshz;ik Muha;r;rp epiyak;/ gl;Lf;nfhl;il

(bjhiyngrp vz;: 04373-235832)

bey; Muha;r;rp epiyak;/ jp+h;(bjhiyngrp vz;: 044-27620383)

kz;ly Muha;r;rp epiyak;/ iga{h;(bjhiyngrp vz;: 04343-250043)

fha;fwp Muha;r;rp epiyak;/ ghY}h; (bjhiyngrp vz;: 04142-275222)

ntshz;ik Muha;r;rp epiyak;/ gthdprhfh;

(bjhiyngrp vz;: 04295-240244)

kz; kw;Wk; ePh; nkyhz;ik Muha;r;rp epiyak;/ j";rht{h;

(bjhiyngrp vz;: 04362-267680)

ntshz;ik Muha;r;rp epiyak;/ itif miz

(bjhiyngrp vz;: 04546-244112)

md;gpy; jh;kyp';fk; ntshz;ikf; fy;Y}hp kw;Wk; Muha;r;rp

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jdpahh] tpij cw;gj;jpahsh]fs; jw;bghGJ tpij ikaj;jhy;

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kyh] -33 ,jH; - 12

56

nguhrphpah] kw;Wk; jiyth;/

fha;fwpj; Jiw/

njhl;lf;fiyf; fy;Y}hp kw;Wk; Muha;r]rp epiyak;/

nfhak;g[j;J}h] - 641 003.

(bjhiyngrp vz;: 0422-6611283)

fha;fwp Muha;r]rp epiyak;/

ghY}h]

(bjhiyngrp vz;: 04142-275222)

ntshz;ik Muha;r]rp epiyak;/

itif miz

(bjhiyngrp vz;: 04546-244112)

ntshz;ik Muha;r]rp epiyak;/

gthdprhfh]

(bjhiyngrp vz;: 04295-240244)

njhl;lf;fiyf; fy;Y}hp kw;Wk; Muha;r]rp epiyak;/

bghpaFsk;

(bjhiyngrp vz;: 04546-231726/ 234661)

ntshz;ikg] bghwpapay; fy;Y}hp kw;Wk;

Muha;r]rp epiyak;/

FK~h] (bjhiyngrp vz;: 0431-2541218/ 2543718)

ntshz;ik Muha;r]rp epiyak;/ nfhtpy;gl;o

(bjhiyngrp vz;: 04632-234955)

gUj;jp Muha;r]rp epiyak;/

_tpy;ypg]g[j;J}h]

(bjhiyngrp vz;: 04563-260736)

gUj;jpj; Jiw/

nfhak;g[j;J}h]

(bjhiyngrp vz;: 0422-2456297)

gaph; ,ufk; ,Ug]gplk; ;

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mr;rpl;nlhh] : _ rf;jp gpunkh#dy; ypj;njh gpuhr!;54/ ,uhgh]l;rd; rhiy/ ,uj;jpdrghgjpg[uk;/

nfhak;g[j;J}h] - 641 002 bjhiyngrp :0422-2450133

Regd. No. TN/WR/CBE/20/2006-08WPP.No. TN/WR/CBE/01/WPP 2006-

c i 1 07Date of Publi at on : 01. 2.20

Mz;L re;jh +. 75.00 kl;Lk;

15 Mz;L re;jh +. 750.00 kl;Lk;

jdp ,jH; +. 7.00 kl;Lk;

Mz;L re;jh +. 75.00 kl;Lk;

15 Mz;L re;jh +. 750.00 kl;Lk;

jdp ,jH; +. 7.00 kl;Lk;

tsUk; ntshz;ik Vg;uy; - 2007 ,jHpy; Fwpg;gpl;oUe;j ntz;LnfhSf;nfw;g re;jh vz; 1 Kjy; 6975 tiuapyhd Ma[s; re;jhjhuh]fs; j';fs; re;jhitg] g[Jg]gpj;Jf; bfhz;ljw;F ed;wp. nkYk; re;jh vz; 6976 Kjy; re;jh vz; 7116 tiu cs;s Ma[s; re;jhjhuh]fs;/ re;jh brYj;jp 15 Mz;Lfs; epiwtiltjhy;/ $dthp - 2008 Kjy; bjhlh]e;J ,jiHg] bgw ork;gh] khjj;jpw;Fs; +.75/- brYj;jp Mz;L re;jhthfnth my;yJ +.750/- brYj;jp Ma[s; re;jhthfnth

Kf;fpa mwptpg;g[

re;jh bjhifia Mrphpah]/ tsUk; ntshz;ikvd;w bgahpy; t';fp tiunthiy (DD) my;yJ

gztpil (MO) vLj;JfPH;f;fz;l Kfthpf;F mDg]gt[k;

re;jh bjhifia Mrphpah]/ tsUk; ntshz;ikvd;w bgahpy; t';fp tiunthiy my;yJ

gztpil vLj;JfPH;f;fz;l Kfthpf;F mDg]gt[k;

(DD)(MO)

Mrphpah]

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