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El-Dakhakhny M Mady NI and Halim M (2000) Nigella sativa L oil
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and fafa Zucker rats Biochim Biophys Res Commun 255 300ndash 6
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biochemistry of 4-hydroxynonenal malonaldehyde and related aldehydes
Free Radical Biology amp Medicine 11 (1) 81ndash128
Evans P and Halliwell B (1999) Free radicals and hearing Cause
consequence and criteria Ann N Y Acad Sci 884 19-40
Fan JG Zhu J and Li XJ (2005) Fatty liver and the metabolic syndrome
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Fang YZ Yang S and Wu G (2002) Free radicals antioxidants and
nutrition Nutrition 18 872-879
Fardet A Llorach R Martin JF Besson C Lyan B Pujos-Guillot E
and Scalbert A (2008) Aliquid chromatographyndashquadrupole time-of-flight
(LCndashQTOF)-based metabolomic approach reveals new metabolic effects of
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Farrel GC Larter CZ (2006) Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease from
steatosis to cirrhosis Hepatology 43S99ndash112
Feig M Onufriev A Lee MS Im W Case DA and Brooks CL
(2004) Performance comparison of generalized born and Poisson methods
in the calculation of electrostatic solvation energies for protein structures
Journal of Computational Chemistry 25 (2) 265ndash84 doi101002jcc10378
PMID 14648625
Feldstein AEWerneburg NW Canbay A Guicciardi ME Bronk
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promote hepatic lipotoxicity by stimulating TNF-alpha expression via a
lysosomal pathway Hepatology 40 185ndash194
Ferannini E Natalie A and Bell P (1997)Insulin resistance and
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during plant stress Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 102B
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inducers of lipid peroxidation in tissue slices Free Radical Biology and
Medicine 3 119-123
Francis G Kerem Z Makkar HPS and Becker K (2002) The
biological action of saponins in animal systems a review British Journal of
Nutrition 88 587ndash605
Frei B and Higdon JV (2003) Antioxidant activity of tea polyphenols in
vivo evidence from animal studies J Nutr 133 3275Sndash84S
Fromenty B Robin MA Igoudjil A Mansouri A and Pessayre D
(2004) The ins and outs of mitochondrial dysfunction in NASH Diabetes amp
Metabolism 30 121ndash138
Fruhwirth GO Loidl A and Hermetter A (2007) Oxidized
phospholipids From molecular properties to disease Biochem Biophys
Acta 1772 718-736
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Germano MP Sanogo R Costa C Fulco R Ando DV Torrel EA
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Girish S Achliya Sudhir Wadodkar G Avinash and Dorle K (2004)
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body fat Physiol Behav 94 164ndash8
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and oxidative stress in rats Eur J Clin Invest 38 523-530
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Liver 40th
di Elsevier 1858
Green RM and Flamm S (2002) AGA Technical review of evaluation of
liver chemistry tests Gasteroenteerology 123 1367-1384
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beta cell function clinical significance and underlying mechanisms Mol
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improvement for nutritional and health benefits Curr Opin Biotechnol 13
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Guumllccedilin I Mshvildadze V Gepdiremen A and Elias R (2004)
Antioxidant activity of saponins isolated from ivy a-hederin hederasaponin-
C hederacolchiside-E and hederacolchiside-F Planta Medica 70 561ndash563
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antioxidant activity of a triterpenoid glycoside isolated from the berries of
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FRAP assay Nutrition Research 23 1719ndash1726
Gupta R and Misra A (2007) Type 2 diabetes in India regional
disparities Br J Diab Vasc Dis 7(1)12ndash6
Gurumoorthy V Hindu Jan-23rd 2011
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Haddad M Miyamoto T Laurens V and Lacaille-Dubois MA (2003)
Two new biologically active triterpenoidal saponins acylated with salicylic
acid from Albizia adianthifolia Journal of Natural Products 66 372ndash377
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and hepatoprotective effects of silibinin in a rat model of nonalcoholic
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Halliwell B (1993) The role of oxygen radicals in human disease with
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Halliwell B (2002) Effect of diet on cancer development is oxidative DNA
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Halliwell B and Gutteridge JMC (1999) Free Radicals in Biology and
Medicine Oxford Oxford University Press 347ndash352
Halliwell B Aeschbach R Loliger J and Aruoma OI (1995) The
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Hansson A Zelada JC and Noriega HP (2005) Revaluations of risks
with the use of Ficus insipid latex as a traditional anthelmintic remedy in the
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Yonemoto M Ikeda Y Ohwaki K Aragane K Tamai Y Kusunoki
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Harrison P Degen SJ Williams R and Farzaneh F (1994) Hepatic
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Harvey AL (2008) Drug Discov Today 13 894e901
Harwood H J Jr Petras SF Shelly LD Zaccaro LM Perry DA
Makowski MR Hargrove DM Martin KA Tracey WR Chapman
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and Eisenbeis SA (2003) J Biol Chem 278 37099
Harwood H J Jr (2004) Acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibition for the
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Hedge K Joshi AB (2009) Hepatoprotective effect of Carissa carandus
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Hepatoprotective effect of Cichorium intybus on CCl4 induced liver damage
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Heuman DM Pandak WM Hylemon PB and Vlahzevic ZR (1991)
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Higuchi N Kato M and Shundo Y (2008) LiverXreceptor in cooperation
with SREBP-1c is a major lipid synthesis regulator in nonalcoholic fatty
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Intrinsic oxidative stress in cancer cells a biochemical basis for therapeutic
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a causal role in multiple forms of insulin resistance Nature 440944ndash8
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Hu C and Kitts DD (2005) Dendelion (Taraxacum officinale) flower
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Iovin Nicole M Seema Pursnani Voldman A Wasserman G Blaser
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Ismail M Ghanya Al-Naqeep Kim Wei Chan (2010) Nigella sativa
thymoquinone-rich fraction greatly improves plasma antioxidant capacity
and expression of antioxidant genes in hypercholesterolemic rats Free
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Itagaki S Kurokawa T Nakata C Saito Y Oikawa S Kobayashi T
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Jain S Dixit Malviya N and Ambawata V (2009) Antioxidant and
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James O and Day C (1999) Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis another disease
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Joven J Rull A Ferreacute N Escolagrave-Gil JC Marsillach J Coll B
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Kallwitz ER McLachlan A and Cotler SJ (2008) Role of peroxisome
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Kantartzis K Peter A Machicao F Machann J Wagner S
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Kappus H (1991) Lipid peroxidation-mechanism and biological relevance
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Kataria M and Singh LN (1997) Hepatoprotective effect of Liv-52 and
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Katina K Arendt E Liukkonen KH Autio K Flander L and Poutanen
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Kaufmann (1999) National products of high pharmacological potency
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Kechagias S Ernersson A Dahlqvist O Lundberg P Lindstrom T and
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Kelloff GJ Boone CW Crowell JA Steele VE Lubet RA Doody
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Khan MS Nema N Kharya MD and Khanam S (2009)
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Khan N and Sultana ST (2005) Chemomodulatory effect of Ficus
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Kim YS Bahn KN Hah CK Gang HI and Ha YL (2008)
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Kim YY Kang HJ Ko SK and Chung SH (2002) Sopungsungiwon
(SP) prevents the onset of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in Zucker
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King J (1965b) The dehydrogenase or oxidoreductase-Lactate
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Nature reviews Drug discovery 3(11) 935ndash49 doi101038nrd1549
PMID 15520816
Kiyici M Gulten M Gurel S Nak SG Dolar E and Savci G (2003)
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Koek GH et al Clinica Chimica Acta xxx (2011) xxxndashxxx Koek GH et
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Koumlksal E Guumllccedilin İ Ozturk Sarıkaya S B and Bursal E (2009) In vitro
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Koneacute WM Atindehou KK Terreaux C Hostettmann K Traoreacute D
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Koppe SW Elias M Moseley RH and Green RM (2009) Trans fat
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Korchak HM (1962) Regulation of hepatic lipogenesis Tufts Folia Med
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Kordali S Cakir A Mavi A Kilic H and Yildirim A (2005) Screening
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and Food Chemistry 53 1408ndash1416
Koruk M Savascedil MC Yilmaz O Tayscedil iS Karakok M Guumlndolsquogdu C
and Yilmaz A (2003) Serum lipids lipoproteins and apolipoproteins levels
in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Journal of Clinical
Gastroenterology 37 177ndash182
Kotani K Peroni OD Minokoshi Y Boss O and Kahn BB (2004)
GLUT4 glucose transporter deficiency increases hepatic lipid production and
peripheral lipid utilization J Clin Invest 114 1666ndash1675
Koteish A and Diehl AM (2002) Animal models of steatohepatitis Best
Kotronen A Seppanen-Laakso T and Westerbacka J (2009) Hepatic
stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD)-1 activity and diacylglycerol but not
ceramide concentrations are increased in the nonalcoholic human fatty liver
Diabetes 58(1) 203ndash8
Kowdley KV (2000) Ursodeoxycholic acid therapy in hepatobiliary
disease Am J Med 108 481ndash486
Kraegen EW Clark PW Jenkins AB Daley EA Chisholm DJ and
Storlien LH (1991) Development of muscle insulin resistance after liver insulin
resistance in high-fat-fed rats Diabetes 40 1397 ndash 1403
Kresge N Simoni RD and Hill RL (2006) Forty years of superoxide
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Krishnamoorthy V Divianathan S Subramanian B and Shanmugam M
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7 330-338
Kroumltz F Sohn HY and Gloe T (2002) Oxidase-dependent platelet
superoxide anion release incrj5eases platelet recruitment Blood 100 917-
924
Kulinski A Vance DE and Vance JE (2004) A choline-deficient diet in
mice inhibits neither the CDP-choline pathway for phosphatidylcholine
synthesis in hepatocytes nor apolipoprotein B secretion J Biol Chem 279
23916-23924
Kumar G Sharmila Banu G Kannan V and Rajasekarapandian M
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damage in rats Indian J Exp Biol 43 351-355
Kumar V Rani A Dixit A K Pratap D and Bhatnagar D (2010) A
comparative assessment of total phenolic content ferric reducing-anti-
oxidative power free radical-scavenging activity vitamin C and isoflavones
content in soybean with varying seed coat colour Food Research
International 43 323minus328
Kumpulainen JT and Salonen JT (1999) Natural Antioxidants and
Anticarcinogens in Nutrition Health and Disease the Royal Society of
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Kuo YH and Li YC (2000) Four new compounds ficusal
ficusesquilignan A B and ficusolide diacetate from the heartwood of Ficus
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Kuriakose GC and Kurup GM (2008) Antioxidant activity of Aulosira
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59
Kurian GA and Paddikkala J (2009) Administration of aqueous extract of
Desmodium gangeticum (L) root protects rat heart against ischemic
reperfusion injury induced oxidative stress Indian J Exp Biol 47 129ndash35
Labhal A Settaf A Bennani N Cherrah Y Slaoui A and Hassar M
(1997) Action anti-obeacutesiteacute et hypocholesteacuteroleacutemiante de Nigella sativa chez
le rat des sables Caduceacutee 27 26ndash28
Labhal A Settaf A Zalagh F Cherrah Y Hassar M and Slaoui A
(1999) Proprieacuteteacutes anti-diabeacutetiques des graines de Nigella sativa chez le
Meriones shawi obegravese et diabeacutetique Espeacuterance Meacutedicale 47 72ndash74
Laemmli U K (1970) Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly
of the head of bacteriophage T4 Nature 227 680-685
Lagiou P Samoli E and Lagiou A (2004) Intake of specific flavonoid
classes and coronary heart disease-a case-control study in Greece Eur J
Clin Nutr 58 (12) 1643ndash1648
Lai LS Chan ST and Chao WW (2001) Studies on the antioxidative
activities of mesona procumbers Hemsleaf gum J Agric Food Chem 19
963-968
Lansky EP Helena M Paavilainena Alison D Pawlus B Robert A
and Newmana B (2008) Ficus spp (fig) Ethnobotany and potential as
anticancer and anti-inflammatory agents Journal of Ethnopharmacology
119 195ndash213
Lapenna D Del Boccio G Porreca E Pennelli A Mezzetti A De
Gioia S Marzio L Di Ilio C and Cuccurullo F (1992) Effects of high-
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969-78
Latha M and Pari L (2004) Effect of an aqueous extract of Scoparia dulcis
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Laurent A Nicco C and Tran Van Nhieu J (2004) Pivotal role of
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steatohepatitis Hepatology 39(5) 1277-1285
Laurin J Lindor KD Crippin JS Gossard A Gores GJ Ludwig J
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23 1464ndash1467
Le K Chiu F and Ng K (2007) Identification and quantification of
antioxidants in Fructus lycii Food Chemistry 105 353ndash363
Le PM Benhaddou-Andaloussi A Elimadi A Settaf A Cherrah Y
and Haddad P (2004) The petroleum ether extract of Nigella sativa exerts
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Leclercq I Field J Erriquez A Farrell GC (2007) Robertson G
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CYP4A in leptin-deficient obob mice Biochim Biophys Res Commun 268
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Leclercq IA (2007) Pathogenesis of steatohepatitis insights from the study
of animal models Acta Gastroenterol Belg 7025ndash31
Lee GS Yan JS Ng RK Kakar S and Maher JJ (2007)
Polyunsaturated fat in the methionine-choline-deficient diet influences
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Lee JK N and Min DB (2004) Reactive Oxygen Species Aging and
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Lee KS Buck M Houglum K and Chojkier M (1995) Activation of
hepatic stellate cells by TGF alpha and collagen type I is mediated by
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Lee KW Everts H Kappert HJ Yeom KH and Beynen AC (2003)
Dietary carvacrol lowers body weight gain but improves feed conversion in
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Lee SE Hwang HJ and HA JS (2003) Screening of medicinal plant
extracts for antioxidant activity Life Sci 73 167-179
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Lenhard JM (2007) Gottschalk WK (2002) Preclinical developmentsin
type 2 diabetes Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 54 1199ndash1212
Leung KK and Leung PS (2008) Effects of hyperglycemia on
angiotensin receptor type 1 expression and insulin secretion in an INS-1E
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Li H Wang QJ Zhu DN and Yang Y (2008) Reinioside C a
triterpene saponin of Polygala aureocauda Dunn exerts hypolipidemic effect
on hyperlipidemic mice Phytotherapy Research 22 159ndash164
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Food Chemistry 53(1) 103minus110
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pathological role Physiol Rev 77 517ndash 44
Lieber CS Leo MA Mak KM Xu Y Cao Q Ren C
Ponomarenko A and DeCarli LM (2004) Model of nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 79(3) 502ndash509
Lin J Yang R Tarr PT Wu PH Handschin C and Li S (2005)
Hyperlipidemic effects of dietary saturated fats mediated through PGC-1β
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Lindor KD Dickson ER Baldus WP Jorgensen RA Ludwig J
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Lindor KD Kodley KV Heathcote EJ Harrison ME Jorgensen R and
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results of a randomized trial Hepatology 39 770-8
Liochev SI and Fridovich I (1994) The role of O2 in the production of
HO in vitro and in vivo Free Radical Biology and Medicine 16 29ndash36
Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Instructorlsquos Resource Parthlsquos
Pathophysiology Concepts of Altered Health States Seventh edition 2008
Liu C H Hung M T and Huang P C (1995) Source of triacylglycerol
accumulation in lives of rats fed a cholesterol-supplemented diet Lipids 30
527ndash531
Liu F and Ng TB (2000) Antioxidative and free radical scavenging
activities of selected medicinal herbs Life Sciences 66 725ndash735
Liu F Ooi VEC and Chang S T (1997) Free radical scavenging
activity of mushroom polysaccharide extracts Life Science 60 763-771
Liu L and Meydani M (2002) Combined vitamin C and E
supplementation retards early progression of arteriosclerosis in heart
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Lizardi-Cervera J and Aquilar-Zapata D (2009) Nonalcoholic fatty liver
disease and its association with cardiovascular disease 8 S40ndashS43
Lopez-Avila V L and A and Yefchak G (2009) Use of GC-QTOF MS to
identify unknown compounds in herbal extracts 1-4
Lopez-Garcia E Schulze MB Meigs JB Manson JE Rifai N and
Stampfer MJ (2005) l Consumption of trans fatty acids is related to plasma
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566
Louchami K Zhang Y Oguzhan B Delporte C Portois L and
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determination with the folinlsquos phenol reagent JBiolChem 193 265-275
Luck H (1974) In Methods in enzymatic analysisBer Acad N Y 885
Ludwig J Viggiano TR McGill DB and Ott BJ (1980) Non-alcoholic
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Mayo Clin Proc 55434-438
Lugasi A Dworschak E Blazovics A and Kery A (1998) Antioxidant
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Lyon CJ Law RE and Hsueh WA (2003) Minireview adiposity
inflammation and atherogenesis Endocrinology 144 2195ndash2200
Mabrouk GM Moselhy SS Zohny SF Ali EM Helal TE Amin
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Clinical Cancer Research 21 (3) 341ndash346
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Pharmacology 33 87-91
Mahmoud MR El-Abhar HS and Saleh S (2002) The effect of Nigella
sativa oil against the liver damage induced by Shistosoma mansoni infection
in mice Journal of Ethnopharmacology 79 1ndash11
Makino I Shinozaki K Yoshino K and Nakagawa S (1975)
Dissolution of cholesterol gallstones by long-term administration of
ursodeoxycholic acid Nippon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi 72 690ndash702
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Mallikharjuna PB Rajanna LN Seetharam YN and Sharanabasappa
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Medicinal Plant 4(4) 510-518
Manco M Calvani M and Mingrone G (2004) Effects of dietary fatty
acids on insulin sensitivity and secretion Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism
6 402ndash413
Manian R Anusuya N Siddhuraju P and Manian S (2008) The
antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging potential of two different
solvent extracts of Camellia sinensis (L) O Kuntz Ficus bengalensis L and
Ficus racemosa L Food Chemistry 107 1000ndash1007
Marchand LL Murphy SP Hankin JH Wilkens LR Kolonel LN
(2000) J Natl Cancer Inst 92 154
Marchesini G Bugianesi E Forlani G Cerrelli F Lenzi M Manini
R Natale S Vanni E Villanova N Melchionda N and Rizzetto M
(2003) Nonalcoholic fatty liver steatohepatitis and the metabolic syndrome
Hepatology 37 917ndash 923
Mari M Caballero F Colell A Morales A Caballeria J Fernandez
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Mitochondrial free cholesterol loading sensitizes to TNF and Fas-meidated
steatohepatitis Cell Metabolism 4 185ndash198
Marimuthu P Wu CL Chang HT and Chang ST (2008) Antioxidant
activity of the ethanolic extract from the bark of Chamaecyparis obtuse var
Formosana J Sci Food Agric 88
Mariod AA Ibrahim RM Ismail M and Ismail N (2009) Antioxidant
activity and phenolic content of phenolic rich fractions obtained from black
cumin (Nigella sativa) seedcake Food Chemistry 116 306ndash312
Maron DJ (2004) Flavonoids for reduction of atherosclerotic risk Curr
Atheroscler Rep 6 73-78
Marra F Gastaldelli A Svegliati Baroni G Tell G and Tiribelli C
(2008) Molecular basis and mechanisms of progression of non-alcoholic
steatohepatitis Trends Mol Med 14 72ndash81
Mason JS Morize I Menard PR Cheney DL Hulme C and
Labaudiniere RF (1999) J Med Chem 42 3251e3264
Mates JM Perez-Gomez C and Decastro IN (1999) Clin Chem 32
595-603
Matsuzawa N Takamura T Kurita S Misu H Ota T Ando H
Yokoyama M Honda M Zen Y Nakanuma Y Miyamoto K and
Kaneko S (2007) Lipid-induced oxidative stress causes steatohepatitis in
mice fed an atherogenic diet Hepatology 46 1392ndash1403
Matsuzawa Y Shimomura I Nakamura T Keno Y Kotani K and
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Matteoni C Younossi Z Gramlich T Boparai N and Liu Y (1999)
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Matthaei S StumvollM Kellerer M and Haring (2000) Endocr H-U
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Matthew Ricci (2008) NAFLD (Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease) A
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Matthew Cave Ion Deaciuc Christian Mendez Zhenyuan Song Swati
Joshi-Barve Shirish Barve Craig McClain (2007) Nonalcoholic fatty liver
disease predisposing factors and the role of nutrition Journal of Nutritional
Biochemistry 18 184ndash 195
Mavrelis PG Ammon HV Gleysteen JJ Komorowski RA and
Charaf UK (1983) Hepatic free fatty acids in alcoholic liver disease and
morbid obesity Hepatology 3 226ndash231
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Murray KR Graner KD Mayes AP and Rodwell WV Harperlsquos
Biochemistry Chap 53 Prentice-Hall International Inc 23rd
edition 588-
590
Mazur A Bayle D Lab C Rock E and Rayssiguier Y (1999)
Inhibitory effect of procyanidin-rich extracts on LDL oxidation in vitro
Atherosclerosis 145 421ndash422
McCay PB (1985) Vitamin E Interactions with free radicals and
ascorbate Ann Rev Nutr 5 323-340
McCullough AJ (2004) The clinical features diagnosis and natural history
of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Clinics in Liver Disease 8 521ndash533
McDougall GJ Dobson P Smith P Blake A and Stewart D (2005)
Assessing potential bioavallability of raspberry anthocyanins using an in
vitro digestion system Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53(15)
5896minus5904
Mehta B K Sharma U Pandit V Agrawal S Joshi N and Gupta M
(2008) Med Chem Res 17 462ndash473
Meng EC Shoichet BK and Kuntz ID (2004) Automated docking
with grid-based energy evaluation Journal of Computational Chemistry 13
(4) 505ndash524 doi101002jcc540130412
Merchant JR Bakshi VM and Engineer AB (1979) Chemical
investigation of fruits of Ficus glomerata Roxb Indian J Chem 17B 87ndash88
Mervat MM and Taie HAA (2009) Antioxidant activities total
anthocyanins phenolics and flavonoids contents of some sweet potato
genotypes under stress of different concentrations of sucrose and sorbito
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Meydani M (2000) Vitamin E and prevention of heart disease in high-risk
patients Nutr Rev 58 278-281
Meyer SA and Kulkarni AP (2001) Hepatotoxicity in Introduction to
biochemical toxicology 3rd
Edition edited by E Hodgson and R C Smart (A
John Wiley amp Sons Inc New York) 487
Mezzetti A Di Ilio C Calafiore AM Aceto A Marzio L Frederici G
and Cuccurullo F (1990) Glutathione peroxidase glutathione reductase and
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Michael Metz (2005) Liver function tests IMVS News letter 57
Michalak A (2006) Phenolic compounds and their antioxidant activity in
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523-530
Milagro FI Campioacuten J and Martiacutenez JA (2006) Weight gain induced
by high-fat feeding involves increased liver oxidative stress Obesity (Silver
Spring) 14 1118ndash1123
Miliauskas G Venskutonis PR and Van Beek TA (2004) Screening of
radical scavenging activity of some medicinal and aromatic plant extracts
Food Chemistry 85 231ndash237
Ming M Guanhua L Zhanhai Y Guang C and Xuan Z (2009) Effect
of the Lycium barbarum polysaccharides administration on blood lipid
metabolism and oxidative stress of mice fed high-fat diet in vivo Food
Chemistry 113 872ndash877
Misra A Khurana L Vikram NK Goel A and Wasir JS (2007)
Metabolic syndrome in children current issues and South Asian perspective
Nutrition 23(11ndash12)895ndash910
Misra A Misra R Wijesuriya M and Banerjee D (2007) The metabolic
syndrome in south Asians continuing escalation amp possible solutions Indian
J Med Res 125(3)345ndash54
Misra A Vikram NK (2004) Insulin resistance syndrome (metabolic
syndrome) and obesity in Asian Indians Evidence and implications
Nutrition 20482ndash491
Mithra SK Seshadri SJ Venkataranganna MV Gopumadhavan S
Udupa UV and Sarma DNK (2000) Effect of HD-03-a herbal
formulation in galactosamine induced hepatopathy in rats Indian J Physiol
Pharmacol 44 82-86
Modi KP Patel NM and Goyal R K (2008) Estimation of L-topaf from
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Mohamed and Azza M (2008) The ameliorative actions of Agaricus blazei
mushroom against rat liver oxidative damage and fibrosis induced by CCL4
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Mohan V (2004) Why are Indians more prone to diabetes J Assoc Phys
India 52468ndash474
Mohan V and Deepa R (2006) Adipocytokines and The expanding Asian
Indian Phenotype J Assoc Physic Ind 54 685-6
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Moon YJ Wang X Morris and ME (2006) Toxicol In Vitro 20 187
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Morris GM Goodsell DS Halliday RS Huey R Hart WE Belew
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Moss DW and Butterorth PJ (1974) Enzymology and Medicine London
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mortality in middle aged Finnishmen The Kuopio Ischaemic heart disease
risk factor study Br J Nutr 100 (4) 890ndash895
Musso G Gambino R and Cassader M (2009) Recent insights into
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Progress in Lipid Research 48 1e26
Musso G Gambino R and De Michieli F (2003) Dietary habits and their
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steatohepatitis Hepatology 37 909ndash16
Mythilypriya R Shanthi P and Sachdanandam P (2007) Oral acute and
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Naganna B (1989) Plasma proteins In Textbook of Biochemistry and
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Nakamoto K Takayama F Mankura M Hidaka Y Egashira T and
Ogino T (2009) Beneficial effects of fermented green tea extract in a rat
model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis J Clin Biochem Nutr 44 239ndash46
Nanji AA (2004b) Another animal model for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
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Nanji AA (2004a) Animal models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and
steatohepatitis Clinics in Liver Disease 8 (3) 559ndash574 (ix)
Neuhouser ML (2004) Flavonoids and cancer risk evidence from human
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Neuschwander-Tetri BA and Caldwell SH (2003) Nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis summary of an AASLD single topic conference Hepatology
371202ndash19
Newman DJ Cragg GM and Snader KM (2000) The influence of
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Nzowa LK Barboni L Teponno RB Ricciutelli M Lupidi G Luana
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Rheediinosides A and B two antiproliferative and antioxidant triterpene
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(Fam Verbanaceae) extrct in animals Afr J Biotecnol 8(9) 1793-1799
Ogbonnia S Adekunle AA Bosa MK and Enwuru VN (2008)
Evaluation of acute and subacute toxicity of Alstnia congensis Engler
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Oguzhan B Sancho V Acitores A Villanueva-Penacarrillo ML
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Okada Y Shibata S Ikekawa T Javellana AMJ and Kamo O (1987)
Entada saponin-III a saponin isolated from the bark of Entada phaseoloides
Phytochemistry 26 2789ndash2796
Okada Y Shibata S Javellana AMJ and Kamo O (1988) Entada
saponins (ES) II and IV from the bark of Entada phaseoloides Chemical and
Pharmaceutical Bulletin 36 1264ndash1269
Olszewska M (2007) Quantitative HPLC analysis of flavonoids and
chlorogenic acid in the leaves and inflorescences of Prunus serotina Ehrh
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convenient substrate for determination and study of L-and D-glutamyl trans
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Oteiza PI Erlejman AG Verstraeten SV Keen CL and Fraga CG
(2005) Flavonoidndashmembrane interaction a protective role of flavonoids at
the membrane surface Clin Dev Immunol 12 (1) 19ndash25
Owen R W Giacosa A Hull W E Haubner R Spiegelhalder B and
Bartsh H (2000) The antioxidantanticancer potential of phenolic
compounds isolated from olive oil European Journal of Cancer 36 1235ndash
1247
Oyaizu M (1986) Studies on product of browning reaction prepared from
glucose amine Japanese Journal of Nutrition 44307-315
Ozcan U Cao Q Yilmaz E Lee AH Iwakoshi NN and Ozdelen E
(2004) Endoplasmic reticulum stress links obesity insulin action and type 2
diabetes Science 306457ndash61
Ozturk-Urek R Bozkaya LA and Tarhan L (2001) The effects of some
antioxidant vitamins and trace elements supplemented diets on activities of
SOD CAT GSH-Px and LPO levels in chicken tissues Cell Biochemistry
and Function 19 125ndash132
Pacheco-Alvarez D Solorzano-Vargas RS and Leon-Del-Rio A (2002)
Biotin in metabolism and its relationship tohuman disease Arch Med Res
33 439ndash447
Pacher P Beckman JS and Liaudet L (1997) (Nitric oxide and
peroxynitrite in health and disease Physiol Rev 87 (1) 315ndash424
Pacher P Beckman JS and Liaudet L (2007) Nitric oxide and
peroxynitrite In health and disease Physiological Reviews 87(1) 315ndash424
Paetau I Khachik F Brown ED Beecher GR Kramer TR and
Chittams J (1998a) Bioavailability of tomato carotenoids from lycopene-
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Pan HZ Zhang H Chang D Li H and Sui H (2008) The change of
oxidative stress products in diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy Br J
Ophthalmol 92 548ndash51
Paradis V Perlemuter G Bonvoust F Dargere D Parfait B and
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tissue growth factor expression a potential mechanism involved in
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44
Paranjpe P (2001) Indian Medicinal Plants Forgotten Healers A Guide to
Ayurvedic Herbal Medicine Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratisthan Delhi p316
Park CH Yamabe N Noh JS Kang KS Tanaka T Yokozawa T
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and lipid metabolism in the liver of dbdb mice Biol Pharm Bull 32 1734ndash
1740
Parrotta JA (2006) Healing Plants of Peninsular India CABI Publishing
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Patchett AA and Nargund RP (2000) Annu Rep Med Chem 35
289e298
Pauly Nicolas Pucciariello C Mandon K Innocenti G Jamet A
Baudouin E Herouart D Frendo P and Puppo A (2006) Reactive
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Peach and Tracey MV (1955) In modern methods of plant analyse 4
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Perez C Canal JR and Torres MD (2003) Experimental diabetes treated
with Ficus carica extract effect on oxidative stress parameters Acta
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Perez-Amador MC Ocotero VM Castaneda JMG and Esquinca
ARG (2007) Alkaloids in Solanum torvum Sw (Solanaceae) International
Journal of Experimental Botany 76 39-45
Perry G Cash AD Srinivas R and Smith MA (2002) Metals and
oxidative homeostasis in Alzheimerlsquos disease Drug Development and
Research 56 293ndash299
Pietta PG (2000) Flavonoids and antioxidants J Nat Prod 63 1035-
1042
Pignatelli P Pulcinelli FM and Lenti L (1998) Hydrogen Peroxide Is
Involved in Collagen-Induced Platelet Activation Blood 91 (2) 484-490
Pirola L Johnston AM Van Obberghen E (2004) Modulation of insulin
action Diabetologia 47170ndash84
Pitchersky E and Gang DR (2000) Genetics and biochemistry of
secondary metabolites in plants An evolutionary perspective Trends Plant
Sci 5 445-459
Pompella A Visvikis A and Paolicchi A (2003) The changing faces of
glutathione a cellular protagonist [J] Biochem Pharmacl 66(8) 1499-1503
Prasad K (2010) Effects of vitamin E on serum enzymes and electrolytes in
hypercholesterolemia Molecular Cellular Biochemistry 335 67ndash74
Prasamthi Muralidhara K and Rajini PS (2005) Fenvalerate-induced
oxidative damage in rat tissues and its attenuation by dietary sesame oil
Food Chem Toxicol 43 299ndash306
Pryor WA (1993) Measurement of oxidative stress status in humans
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2 289-292
Puppo A (1992) Effect of flavonoids on hydroxyl radical formation by
Fenton-type reactions influence of the iron chelator Phytochemistry 31
85ndash88
Rachna A and Abdelhaq R (2003) Redistribution of glucose-6-phosphate
dehydrogenase in response to cerebral ischemia in rat brain Indian J Clin
Biochem 18 64-70
Rahman NN Khan M and Hasan R (1994) Bioactive components from
Ficus glomerata Pure and Applied Chemistry 66 2287ndash2290
Rajesh MG and Latha MS (2004) Preliminary evaluation of the
antihepatotoxic activity of Kamilari a polyherbal formulation J
Ethanopharmacology 91 99-104
Rajkapoor B Anandan R and Jayakar B (2002) Anti-ulcer effect of
Nigella sativa Linn against gastric ulcers in rats Curr Sci 82 177ndash179
Ramadan MF (2007) Nutritional value functional properties and
nutraceutical applications of black cumin (Nigella sativa L) an overview
International Journal of Food Science and Technology 42 1208ndash1218
Ramadan MF and Moumlrsel JT (2004) Oxidative stability of black cumin
(Nigella sativa L) coriander (Coriandrum sativum L) and niger (Guizotia
abyssinica Cass) crude seed oils upon stripping Eur J Lipid Sci Technol
106 35ndash43
Randhawa MA and Al-Ghamdi MS (2002) A review of the
pharmacotherapeutic effects of Nigella sativa Pakistan Journal of Medical
Research 41 77ndash83
Rao BR Murugresan T Sinha S Saha BP Pal M and Mandal SC
(2002) Glucose lowering efficacy of Ficus racemosa barks extract in normal
and alloxan diabetic rats Phytotherapy Research 16 590ndash592
Rao CV Arti R Verma M Vijayakumar S Rastogi (2008)
Gastroprotective effect of standardized extract of Ficus glomerata fruit on
experimental gastric ulcers in rats Journal of Ethnopharmacology 115
323ndash326
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brain aging and neurological disorders Indian J Biochem Biophys 46 9ndash15
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
Evans C (1999) Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231ndash1237
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
Evans C (1999) Antioxidant activity applying in an improved radical cation
decolorisation assay Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231-1237
Recknagel RO Glende EA JR Waller RL and Loery K (1982) Lipid
peroxidation ndashBiochemistry measurement and signified in liver cell injury in
toxicology in the liver edited by G L Plea and W R Hewilt (Raven press
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induced response of photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism in higher
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and benzyl adenine and dark- treated graving rice (Oryza sativa) leaves II
Changes in peroxidases activity Plant Cell Physiol 26 987- 994
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710-723
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York Plenum Press 279-292
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ed New York Academic
press 6 215-222
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activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids J Free Radic Biol
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Roberts CK Barnard RJ Sindhu RK Jurczak M Ehdaie A and
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and antioxidant enzymes in diet-induced metabolic syndrome Metabolism
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Robertson G Leclercq I and Farrell GC (2001) Nonalcoholic steatosis
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Antioxidant properties of polyphenol-containing extract from soybean
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expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in a high fat-induced
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antioxidant activities of various solvent extracts of Carissa opaca fruits
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Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis association of insulin resistance and
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Antioxidative properties of xanthan on the autoxidation of soybean oil in
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Antioxidant effect of aqueous extract of the bark of Ficus bengalensis in
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Sudhahar V Kumar SA and Varalakshmi P (2006) Role of lupeol and
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Sun Q Ma J Campos H Hankinson SE Manson JE and Stampfer
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Targher G Bertolini L Padovani R Poli F Scala L Zenari L
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Tundis R Bonesi M Deguin B Loizzo MR Menichini F Conforti F
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Urquiaga I and Leighton F (2000) Plant polyphenol antioxidants and
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Viuda-Martos M Navajas Y R Zapata E S Fernandez-Lopez J and
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Wang Y Beydoun MA Liang L Caballero B and Kumanyika SK
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Lipidol 19 92ndash4
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PMID 15046985
Weltman MD Farell GC and Hall P (1998) Hepatic cytochrome P450
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Westerbacka J Lammi K and Hakkinen AM (2005) Dietary fat content
modifies liver fat in overweight non-diabetic subjects J Clin Endocrinol
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Williamson G Rhodes MJC and Parr AJ (1999) Disease prevention
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Preparation and Pharmacological evaluation of plant material England John
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Wink M (1999) Functions of plant secondary metabolites and their
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Wiwianitkit V (2001) High serum alkaline phosphatise level a study in
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Wolf PL (1999) Biochemical diagnosis of liver disease Indian J Clin
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Wong CC Li HB Cheng KW and Chen FA (2006) Systematic
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Yang H Roberts LJ Jian Shi M Chun Zhou Li Ballard BR
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Anand Khakhar Hindu April 25th 2010
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Hepatology 44 487ndash8
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(Eds) Pregman Press
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and Wakil SJ (2000) The subcellular localization of acetyl-CoA
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Bugianesi E McCullough AJ Marchesini G (2005) Insulin resistance a
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Cai Y Luo Q Sun M and Corke H (2004) Antioxidant activity and
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Cakir A Ahmet Yildirim MA Duru M E HArmandar M and Kazaz
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flavonoids in plant samples Lancet 179
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of triglyceride free cholesterol and total cholesterol in tissue lipid extracts
Clinical Biochemistry 26 39ndash42
Cases S Novak S Zheng YW Myers HM Lear SR and Sande E
(1998) ACAT-2 a second mammalian acyl-CoA cholesterol
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273 26755-26764
Cave M Deaciuc I Mendez C Song Z Joshi-Barve S and Barve S
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Ceriello A (2000) Oxidative stress and glycemic regulation Metabolism
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Ceriello A (2003) New insights on oxidative stress and diabetic
complication may lead to a causal antioxidant therapy Diabetes Care 26
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Ceylan-Isik AF Fliethman RM Wold LE and Ren J (2008) Herbal
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Understanding and Future Impact Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 21048-1058
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Chatterjee TK (2000) Medicinal plants with hepatoprotective properties in
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Edition (Books amp Allied (P) Ltd Calcutta) 135
Chaudary SA Tayyab M and Ditta A (1996) Serum Lipid Profile in
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Cult 70 (3-4) 142-5
Cheikh Rouhou S Besbes S Hentati B Blecker C Deroanne C and
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Cheikh Rouhou S Hentati B Besbes S Blecker C Deroanne C and
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Aleppo Pine (Pinus halepensis Mill) seeds cultivated in Tunisia Food
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Cytotoxic triterpenes from the aerial roots of Ficus microcarpa
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Choudhury J and Sanyal AJ (2004) Insulin resistance and the
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Cioffi G Dal Piaz F De Caprariis P Sanego R Marzocco S Autore
G and De Tommasi N (2006) Antiproliferative triterpene saponins from
Entada africana Journal of Natural Products 69 1323ndash1329
Clarke SD (2001) Nonalcoholic steatosis and steatohepatitis I Molecular
mechanism for polyunsaturated fatty acid regulation of gene transcription
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 281 G865ndash869
Comalada MD CAmuesco S Sierra I Ballester J Xaus J Galvez and
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of quercitin which inhibits inflammation through down-regulation of the Nf-
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Corbett JW Harwood H J (2007) Jr Rec Pat Cardiovasc Drug Discov
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Cotgreave I Moldeus P and Orrenius S (1988) Host biochemical
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Craig WJ (1970) Health-promoting properties of common herbs Am J
Clin Nutr 70(3 suppl) 491Sndash499S
Crespo J Cayon A and Pons-Romero F (2004) Pathogenesis of non-
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Cronan JE Jr and Waldrop GL (2002) Multi-subunit acetyl-CoA
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Crook MA (2006) Clinical chemistry and metabolic medicine 7th
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Hodder Arnold London 426
Cross CE Halliwell B Borish ET Pryor WA Ames BN Saul RL
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Cross CE Reznick AZ Packer L Davis PZ SuzukiYJ and
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Cui W Chen SL and Hu KQ (2010) Quantification and mechanisms of
oleic acid induced steatosis in HepG2 cells Am J Transl Res 2 95-104
Czakoacute L Szabolcs A Vajda A Csaacuteti S Venglovecz V and
Rakonczay Z (2007) Hyperlipidaemia induced by a cholesterol-rich diet
aggravates necrotizing pancreatitis in rats European Journal of
Pharmacology 572 74ndash81
Daba MH and Abdel-Rahman MS (1998) Hepatoprotective activity of
thymoquinone in isolated rat hepatocytes Toxicology Letters 95 23ndash29
Dandona P Aljada A Chaudhuri A Mohanty P and Rajesh G (2004)
Metab Syndr RelatDisord 2 2e8
Daniel RS Mathew BC Devi KS and Augusti KT (1998) Antioxidant
effect of two flavonoids from the bark of Ficus bengalensis Linn in
hyperlipidemic rats Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 36 902ndash906
Das S Vasisht S Das SN and Srivastava LM (2000) Correlation
between total antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in
hypercholesterolaemia Current Science 78 486ndash487
Das U (2002) A radical approach to cancer Med Sci Monit 8 RA79ndash92
Day CP James O (1998) Steatohepatitis a tale of two hits
Gastroenterology 114 842-5
De Jong N Plat J and Mensink RP (2003) Metabolic effects of plant
sterols and stanol J Nutr Biochem 14 362-369
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Encapsulation of natural antioxidants extracted from Ilex paraguariensis
Carbohydrate Polymers 71 126ndash134
Delaquis P Stanich K and Toivonen P (2005) Effect of pH on the
inhibition of Listeria spp by vanillin and vanillic acid Journal of Food
Protein 68 1472-1476
Delazar A Reid RG and Sarker SD (2004) GC-MS analysis of the
Essential oil from the Oleoresin of Pistacia atlantica var Mutica Chemistry
of Natural compounds 40(1) 4-27
Denechaud PD Dentin R Girard J and Postic C (2008) Role of
ChREBP in hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance FEBS Lett 58268ndash73
Deng J Wangyuan Cheng and Guangzhong Yang (2011) A novel
antioxidant activity index (AAU) for natural products using the DPPH assay
Food Chemistry 125 1430ndash1435
Dentin R Girard J and Postic C (2005) Carbohydrate responsive element
binding protein (ChREBP) and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c
(SREBP-1c) two key regulators of glucose metabolism and lipid synthesis in
liver Biochime 8781ndash6
Devasagayam TPA Kamat JP and Sreejayan N (2001) Antioxidant
action of curcumin In micronutrients and health Molecular Biological
Mechanisms (eds Nesartnam K And Packer L) AOCS Press Champaign
IL USA 42-59
Di Carlo G Mascolo N and Izzo AA (1999) Flavonoids old and new
aspects of a class of natural therapeutic drugs Life Sci 65 337-53
Di Majo D Giammanco M La Guardia M Tripoli E Giammanco S
and Finotti E (2005) Flavonones in citrus fruit Structure-antioxidant
activity relationships Food Research International 38 1161-1166
Didion SP and Faraci FM (2005) Ceramide-induced impairment of
endothelial function is prevented by CuZn superoxide dismutase
overexpression Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 25 90ndash95
Diehl AM (2003) Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis pathogenesis In Arroyo
V Forns X Garcia-Pagan JC et al eds Progress in the Treatment of Liver
Diseases Barcelona Medicina STM Editores 227-32
Dini I Tenore GC and Dini A (2009) Saponins in Ipomoea batatas
tubers isolation characterization quantification and antioxidant properties
Food Chemistry 113 411ndash419
Dinnis TCP Maderia VM and Almeida LM (1994) Action of phenolic
derivaties (acetaminophen salicylate and 5-aminosalicylate) as inhibitors of
membrane lipid peroxidation and as peroxyl radical scavengers Arch
Biochem Biophys 315 161-169
Diraison F and Beylot M (1998) Role of human liver lipogenesis and
reesterification in triglycerides secretion and in FFA reesterification Am J
Physiol 274 E321ndashE327
Domenicali M Vendemiale G Serviddio G Grattagliano I Pertosa
AM Nardo B Principe A Viola A Trevisani F Altomare E
Bernardi M and Caraceni P (2005) Oxidative injury in rat liver exposed to
ischemia-reperfusion is modulated by nutritional status Dig Liver Dis 37
689ndash697
Donnelly KL Smith CI Schwarzenberg SJ Jessurun J Boldt MD
and Parks EJ (2005) Sources of fatty acids stored in liver and secreted via
lipoproteins in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Journal of
Clinical Investigations 115(5) 1343ndash1351
Doreswamy R and Sharma D (1995) Plant drugs for liver disorders
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NAFLD and elevated liver enzymes Hepatology 44 865ndash873
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ethanol-inducible cytochrome P-450 (P-450 IIE1) Biochem Pharmacol 38
1313ndash9
El-Dakhakhny M Mady NI and Halim M (2000) Nigella sativa L oil
protects against induced hepatotoxicity and improves serum lipid profile in
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Emery MG Fisher JM and Chien JY (2003) CYP2E1 activity before
and after weight loss in morbidly obese subjects with nonalcoholic fatty
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expression of hepatic CYP2E1 and CYP4A in obese diabetic obob mice
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biochemistry of 4-hydroxynonenal malonaldehyde and related aldehydes
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Evans P and Halliwell B (1999) Free radicals and hearing Cause
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nutrition Nutrition 18 872-879
Fardet A Llorach R Martin JF Besson C Lyan B Pujos-Guillot E
and Scalbert A (2008) Aliquid chromatographyndashquadrupole time-of-flight
(LCndashQTOF)-based metabolomic approach reveals new metabolic effects of
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Farrel GC Larter CZ (2006) Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease from
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Feig M Onufriev A Lee MS Im W Case DA and Brooks CL
(2004) Performance comparison of generalized born and Poisson methods
in the calculation of electrostatic solvation energies for protein structures
Journal of Computational Chemistry 25 (2) 265ndash84 doi101002jcc10378
PMID 14648625
Feldstein AEWerneburg NW Canbay A Guicciardi ME Bronk
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promote hepatic lipotoxicity by stimulating TNF-alpha expression via a
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Ferannini E Natalie A and Bell P (1997)Insulin resistance and
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Medicine 3 119-123
Francis G Kerem Z Makkar HPS and Becker K (2002) The
biological action of saponins in animal systems a review British Journal of
Nutrition 88 587ndash605
Frei B and Higdon JV (2003) Antioxidant activity of tea polyphenols in
vivo evidence from animal studies J Nutr 133 3275Sndash84S
Fromenty B Robin MA Igoudjil A Mansouri A and Pessayre D
(2004) The ins and outs of mitochondrial dysfunction in NASH Diabetes amp
Metabolism 30 121ndash138
Fruhwirth GO Loidl A and Hermetter A (2007) Oxidized
phospholipids From molecular properties to disease Biochem Biophys
Acta 1772 718-736
Fryer MJ (1992) The antioxidant effects of thyla Vit E Plant cell Environ
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Ganapathy S (2004) Emerging strategy in the study of natural products
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Germano MP Sanogo R Costa C Fulco R Ando DV Torrel EA
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Girish S Achliya Sudhir Wadodkar G Avinash and Dorle K (2004)
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adipocytes and vascular function J Clin Endocrinol Metab 892563ndash2568
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body fat Physiol Behav 94 164ndash8
Grattagliano I Caraceni P Calamita G Ferri D Gargano I Palasciano
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and oxidative stress in rats Eur J Clin Invest 38 523-530
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Liver 40th
di Elsevier 1858
Green RM and Flamm S (2002) AGA Technical review of evaluation of
liver chemistry tests Gasteroenteerology 123 1367-1384
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beta cell function clinical significance and underlying mechanisms Mol
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Guumllccedilin I Mshvildadze V Gepdiremen A and Elias R (2004)
Antioxidant activity of saponins isolated from ivy a-hederin hederasaponin-
C hederacolchiside-E and hederacolchiside-F Planta Medica 70 561ndash563
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antioxidant activity of a triterpenoid glycoside isolated from the berries of
Hedera colchica 3-O-(b-D-glucopyranosyl)-hederagenin Phytotherapy
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activities of peel pulp and seed fractions of common fruits as determined by
FRAP assay Nutrition Research 23 1719ndash1726
Gupta R and Misra A (2007) Type 2 diabetes in India regional
disparities Br J Diab Vasc Dis 7(1)12ndash6
Gurumoorthy V Hindu Jan-23rd 2011
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superoxide in inflammation and immune regulation Journal of Physiology
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Two new biologically active triterpenoidal saponins acylated with salicylic
acid from Albizia adianthifolia Journal of Natural Products 66 372ndash377
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and hepatoprotective effects of silibinin in a rat model of nonalcoholic
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Halliwell B (1993) The role of oxygen radicals in human disease with
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Halliwell B (1994) Free radicals antioxidants and human disease
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Halliwell B (2002) Effect of diet on cancer development is oxidative DNA
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Halliwell B and Gutteridge JMC (1999) Free Radicals in Biology and
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Halliwell B Aeschbach R Loliger J and Aruoma OI (1995) The
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Handa SS Sharma A and Charaborti KK (1986) Natural products and
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Hansson A Zelada JC and Noriega HP (2005) Revaluations of risks
with the use of Ficus insipid latex as a traditional anthelmintic remedy in the
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Yonemoto M Ikeda Y Ohwaki K Aragane K Tamai Y Kusunoki
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Harrison P Degen SJ Williams R and Farzaneh F (1994) Hepatic
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Harvey AL (2008) Drug Discov Today 13 894e901
Harwood H J Jr Petras SF Shelly LD Zaccaro LM Perry DA
Makowski MR Hargrove DM Martin KA Tracey WR Chapman
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and Eisenbeis SA (2003) J Biol Chem 278 37099
Harwood H J Jr (2004) Acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibition for the
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Hedge K Joshi AB (2009) Hepatoprotective effect of Carissa carandus
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Hepatoprotective effect of Cichorium intybus on CCl4 induced liver damage
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Conjugates of ursodeoxycholate protect against cytotoxicity of more
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Higuchi N Kato M and Shundo Y (2008) LiverXreceptor in cooperation
with SREBP-1c is a major lipid synthesis regulator in nonalcoholic fatty
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Hileman EO Liu J Albitar M Keating MJ and Huang P (2004)
Intrinsic oxidative stress in cancer cells a biochemical basis for therapeutic
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a causal role in multiple forms of insulin resistance Nature 440944ndash8
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Hu C and Kitts DD (2005) Dendelion (Taraxacum officinale) flower
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Inzucchi SE (2002) Oral antihyperglycemic therapy for type 2 diabetes
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Iovin Nicole M Seema Pursnani Voldman A Wasserman G Blaser
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Ismail M Ghanya Al-Naqeep Kim Wei Chan (2010) Nigella sativa
thymoquinone-rich fraction greatly improves plasma antioxidant capacity
and expression of antioxidant genes in hypercholesterolemic rats Free
Radical Biology amp Medicine 48 664ndash672
Itagaki S Kurokawa T Nakata C Saito Y Oikawa S Kobayashi T
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Jain S Dixit Malviya N and Ambawata V (2009) Antioxidant and
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James O and Day C (1999) Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis another disease
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Joven J Rull A Ferreacute N Escolagrave-Gil JC Marsillach J Coll B
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Kallwitz ER McLachlan A and Cotler SJ (2008) Role of peroxisome
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Kamal-Eldin A and Appelqvist LA (1996) The chemistry and antioxidant
properties of tocopherols and tocotrienols Lipids 31 671-701
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Kantartzis K Peter A Machicao F Machann J Wagner S
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and Stefan N (2009) Diabetes 58 2616ndash2623
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In O I Aruoma amp B Halliwell (Eds) Free radicals and food additives (pp
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Kataria M and Singh LN (1997) Hepatoprotective effect of Liv-52 and
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Katina K Arendt E Liukkonen KH Autio K Flander L and Poutanen
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Kaufmann (1999) National products of high pharmacological potency
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Kechagias S Ernersson A Dahlqvist O Lundberg P Lindstrom T and
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Kelloff GJ Boone CW Crowell JA Steele VE Lubet RA Doody
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Khan MS Nema N Kharya MD and Khanam S (2009)
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Khan N and Sultana ST (2005) Chemomodulatory effect of Ficus
racemosa extract against chemically induced renal carcinogenesis and
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Kim YS Bahn KN Hah CK Gang HI and Ha YL (2008)
Inhibition of 712-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene induced mouse skin
carcinogenesis by Artemisia capillaries J Food Sci 73 T16ndash20
Kim YY Kang HJ Ko SK and Chung SH (2002) Sopungsungiwon
(SP) prevents the onset of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in Zucker
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King J (1965b) The dehydrogenase or oxidoreductase-Lactate
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Nature reviews Drug discovery 3(11) 935ndash49 doi101038nrd1549
PMID 15520816
Kiyici M Gulten M Gurel S Nak SG Dolar E and Savci G (2003)
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Koek GH et al Clinica Chimica Acta xxx (2011) xxxndashxxx Koek GH et
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Koumlksal E Guumllccedilin İ Ozturk Sarıkaya S B and Bursal E (2009) In vitro
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Koneacute WM Atindehou KK Terreaux C Hostettmann K Traoreacute D
and Dosso M (2004) Traditional medicine in North Cocircte-DlsquoIvoire
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Koppe SW Elias M Moseley RH and Green RM (2009) Trans fat
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Korchak HM (1962) Regulation of hepatic lipogenesis Tufts Folia Med
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Kordali S Cakir A Mavi A Kilic H and Yildirim A (2005) Screening
of chemical composition and antifungal and antioxidant activities of the
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and Food Chemistry 53 1408ndash1416
Koruk M Savascedil MC Yilmaz O Tayscedil iS Karakok M Guumlndolsquogdu C
and Yilmaz A (2003) Serum lipids lipoproteins and apolipoproteins levels
in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Journal of Clinical
Gastroenterology 37 177ndash182
Kotani K Peroni OD Minokoshi Y Boss O and Kahn BB (2004)
GLUT4 glucose transporter deficiency increases hepatic lipid production and
peripheral lipid utilization J Clin Invest 114 1666ndash1675
Koteish A and Diehl AM (2002) Animal models of steatohepatitis Best
Kotronen A Seppanen-Laakso T and Westerbacka J (2009) Hepatic
stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD)-1 activity and diacylglycerol but not
ceramide concentrations are increased in the nonalcoholic human fatty liver
Diabetes 58(1) 203ndash8
Kowdley KV (2000) Ursodeoxycholic acid therapy in hepatobiliary
disease Am J Med 108 481ndash486
Kraegen EW Clark PW Jenkins AB Daley EA Chisholm DJ and
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resistance in high-fat-fed rats Diabetes 40 1397 ndash 1403
Kresge N Simoni RD and Hill RL (2006) Forty years of superoxide
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Krishnamoorthy V Divianathan S Subramanian B and Shanmugam M
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7 330-338
Kroumltz F Sohn HY and Gloe T (2002) Oxidase-dependent platelet
superoxide anion release incrj5eases platelet recruitment Blood 100 917-
924
Kulinski A Vance DE and Vance JE (2004) A choline-deficient diet in
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Lansky EP Helena M Paavilainena Alison D Pawlus B Robert A
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Le PM Benhaddou-Andaloussi A Elimadi A Settaf A Cherrah Y
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Polyunsaturated fat in the methionine-choline-deficient diet influences
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Dietary carvacrol lowers body weight gain but improves feed conversion in
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Li H Wang QJ Zhu DN and Yang Y (2008) Reinioside C a
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Lieber CS Leo MA Mak KM Xu Y Cao Q Ren C
Ponomarenko A and DeCarli LM (2004) Model of nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 79(3) 502ndash509
Lin J Yang R Tarr PT Wu PH Handschin C and Li S (2005)
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Lindor KD Dickson ER Baldus WP Jorgensen RA Ludwig J
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Pathophysiology Concepts of Altered Health States Seventh edition 2008
Liu C H Hung M T and Huang P C (1995) Source of triacylglycerol
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Liu F and Ng TB (2000) Antioxidative and free radical scavenging
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Liu F Ooi VEC and Chang S T (1997) Free radical scavenging
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Liu L and Meydani M (2002) Combined vitamin C and E
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Lopez-Avila V L and A and Yefchak G (2009) Use of GC-QTOF MS to
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Lopez-Garcia E Schulze MB Meigs JB Manson JE Rifai N and
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Louchami K Zhang Y Oguzhan B Delporte C Portois L and
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Lyon CJ Law RE and Hsueh WA (2003) Minireview adiposity
inflammation and atherogenesis Endocrinology 144 2195ndash2200
Mabrouk GM Moselhy SS Zohny SF Ali EM Helal TE Amin
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Clinical Cancer Research 21 (3) 341ndash346
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Mahmoud MR El-Abhar HS and Saleh S (2002) The effect of Nigella
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Makino I Shinozaki K Yoshino K and Nakagawa S (1975)
Dissolution of cholesterol gallstones by long-term administration of
ursodeoxycholic acid Nippon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi 72 690ndash702
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Manco M Calvani M and Mingrone G (2004) Effects of dietary fatty
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6 402ndash413
Manian R Anusuya N Siddhuraju P and Manian S (2008) The
antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging potential of two different
solvent extracts of Camellia sinensis (L) O Kuntz Ficus bengalensis L and
Ficus racemosa L Food Chemistry 107 1000ndash1007
Marchand LL Murphy SP Hankin JH Wilkens LR Kolonel LN
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Marchesini G Bugianesi E Forlani G Cerrelli F Lenzi M Manini
R Natale S Vanni E Villanova N Melchionda N and Rizzetto M
(2003) Nonalcoholic fatty liver steatohepatitis and the metabolic syndrome
Hepatology 37 917ndash 923
Mari M Caballero F Colell A Morales A Caballeria J Fernandez
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Mitochondrial free cholesterol loading sensitizes to TNF and Fas-meidated
steatohepatitis Cell Metabolism 4 185ndash198
Marimuthu P Wu CL Chang HT and Chang ST (2008) Antioxidant
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Mariod AA Ibrahim RM Ismail M and Ismail N (2009) Antioxidant
activity and phenolic content of phenolic rich fractions obtained from black
cumin (Nigella sativa) seedcake Food Chemistry 116 306ndash312
Maron DJ (2004) Flavonoids for reduction of atherosclerotic risk Curr
Atheroscler Rep 6 73-78
Marra F Gastaldelli A Svegliati Baroni G Tell G and Tiribelli C
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steatohepatitis Trends Mol Med 14 72ndash81
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Mates JM Perez-Gomez C and Decastro IN (1999) Clin Chem 32
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Matsuzawa N Takamura T Kurita S Misu H Ota T Ando H
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Matsuzawa Y Shimomura I Nakamura T Keno Y Kotani K and
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Matteoni C Younossi Z Gramlich T Boparai N and Liu Y (1999)
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Matthew Ricci (2008) NAFLD (Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease) A
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Matthew Cave Ion Deaciuc Christian Mendez Zhenyuan Song Swati
Joshi-Barve Shirish Barve Craig McClain (2007) Nonalcoholic fatty liver
disease predisposing factors and the role of nutrition Journal of Nutritional
Biochemistry 18 184ndash 195
Mavrelis PG Ammon HV Gleysteen JJ Komorowski RA and
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morbid obesity Hepatology 3 226ndash231
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Murray KR Graner KD Mayes AP and Rodwell WV Harperlsquos
Biochemistry Chap 53 Prentice-Hall International Inc 23rd
edition 588-
590
Mazur A Bayle D Lab C Rock E and Rayssiguier Y (1999)
Inhibitory effect of procyanidin-rich extracts on LDL oxidation in vitro
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McCay PB (1985) Vitamin E Interactions with free radicals and
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McCullough AJ (2004) The clinical features diagnosis and natural history
of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Clinics in Liver Disease 8 521ndash533
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Assessing potential bioavallability of raspberry anthocyanins using an in
vitro digestion system Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53(15)
5896minus5904
Mehta B K Sharma U Pandit V Agrawal S Joshi N and Gupta M
(2008) Med Chem Res 17 462ndash473
Meng EC Shoichet BK and Kuntz ID (2004) Automated docking
with grid-based energy evaluation Journal of Computational Chemistry 13
(4) 505ndash524 doi101002jcc540130412
Merchant JR Bakshi VM and Engineer AB (1979) Chemical
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Meydani M (2000) Vitamin E and prevention of heart disease in high-risk
patients Nutr Rev 58 278-281
Meyer SA and Kulkarni AP (2001) Hepatotoxicity in Introduction to
biochemical toxicology 3rd
Edition edited by E Hodgson and R C Smart (A
John Wiley amp Sons Inc New York) 487
Mezzetti A Di Ilio C Calafiore AM Aceto A Marzio L Frederici G
and Cuccurullo F (1990) Glutathione peroxidase glutathione reductase and
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Milagro FI Campioacuten J and Martiacutenez JA (2006) Weight gain induced
by high-fat feeding involves increased liver oxidative stress Obesity (Silver
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Miliauskas G Venskutonis PR and Van Beek TA (2004) Screening of
radical scavenging activity of some medicinal and aromatic plant extracts
Food Chemistry 85 231ndash237
Ming M Guanhua L Zhanhai Y Guang C and Xuan Z (2009) Effect
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metabolism and oxidative stress of mice fed high-fat diet in vivo Food
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Misra A Khurana L Vikram NK Goel A and Wasir JS (2007)
Metabolic syndrome in children current issues and South Asian perspective
Nutrition 23(11ndash12)895ndash910
Misra A Misra R Wijesuriya M and Banerjee D (2007) The metabolic
syndrome in south Asians continuing escalation amp possible solutions Indian
J Med Res 125(3)345ndash54
Misra A Vikram NK (2004) Insulin resistance syndrome (metabolic
syndrome) and obesity in Asian Indians Evidence and implications
Nutrition 20482ndash491
Mithra SK Seshadri SJ Venkataranganna MV Gopumadhavan S
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Mohamed and Azza M (2008) The ameliorative actions of Agaricus blazei
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Mohan V (2004) Why are Indians more prone to diabetes J Assoc Phys
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steatohepatitis Hepatology 37 909ndash16
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Nakamoto K Takayama F Mankura M Hidaka Y Egashira T and
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Nanji AA (2004b) Another animal model for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
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Nanji AA (2004a) Animal models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and
steatohepatitis Clinics in Liver Disease 8 (3) 559ndash574 (ix)
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Neuschwander-Tetri BA and Caldwell SH (2003) Nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis summary of an AASLD single topic conference Hepatology
371202ndash19
Newman DJ Cragg GM and Snader KM (2000) The influence of
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Nickavar B Mojab F Javidnia K and Amoli M AR (2003) Chemical
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Nsimba R Kikuzaki H and Konishi Y (2008) Antioxidant activity of
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Nzowa LK Barboni L Teponno RB Ricciutelli M Lupidi G Luana
Quassinti L Massimo Bramucci M and Tapondjou LA (2010)
Rheediinosides A and B two antiproliferative and antioxidant triterpene
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(Fam Verbanaceae) extrct in animals Afr J Biotecnol 8(9) 1793-1799
Ogbonnia S Adekunle AA Bosa MK and Enwuru VN (2008)
Evaluation of acute and subacute toxicity of Alstnia congensis Engler
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Oguzhan B Sancho V Acitores A Villanueva-Penacarrillo ML
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Okada Y Shibata S Ikekawa T Javellana AMJ and Kamo O (1987)
Entada saponin-III a saponin isolated from the bark of Entada phaseoloides
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Okada Y Shibata S Javellana AMJ and Kamo O (1988) Entada
saponins (ES) II and IV from the bark of Entada phaseoloides Chemical and
Pharmaceutical Bulletin 36 1264ndash1269
Olszewska M (2007) Quantitative HPLC analysis of flavonoids and
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Oteiza PI Erlejman AG Verstraeten SV Keen CL and Fraga CG
(2005) Flavonoidndashmembrane interaction a protective role of flavonoids at
the membrane surface Clin Dev Immunol 12 (1) 19ndash25
Owen R W Giacosa A Hull W E Haubner R Spiegelhalder B and
Bartsh H (2000) The antioxidantanticancer potential of phenolic
compounds isolated from olive oil European Journal of Cancer 36 1235ndash
1247
Oyaizu M (1986) Studies on product of browning reaction prepared from
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Ozcan U Cao Q Yilmaz E Lee AH Iwakoshi NN and Ozdelen E
(2004) Endoplasmic reticulum stress links obesity insulin action and type 2
diabetes Science 306457ndash61
Ozturk-Urek R Bozkaya LA and Tarhan L (2001) The effects of some
antioxidant vitamins and trace elements supplemented diets on activities of
SOD CAT GSH-Px and LPO levels in chicken tissues Cell Biochemistry
and Function 19 125ndash132
Pacheco-Alvarez D Solorzano-Vargas RS and Leon-Del-Rio A (2002)
Biotin in metabolism and its relationship tohuman disease Arch Med Res
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Pacher P Beckman JS and Liaudet L (1997) (Nitric oxide and
peroxynitrite in health and disease Physiol Rev 87 (1) 315ndash424
Pacher P Beckman JS and Liaudet L (2007) Nitric oxide and
peroxynitrite In health and disease Physiological Reviews 87(1) 315ndash424
Paetau I Khachik F Brown ED Beecher GR Kramer TR and
Chittams J (1998a) Bioavailability of tomato carotenoids from lycopene-
rich tomato juice and lycopene supplements The FASEB Journal 12(4)
A544minusA
Pan HZ Zhang H Chang D Li H and Sui H (2008) The change of
oxidative stress products in diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy Br J
Ophthalmol 92 548ndash51
Paradis V Perlemuter G Bonvoust F Dargere D Parfait B and
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tissue growth factor expression a potential mechanism involved in
progression to fibrosis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Hepatology 34738ndash
44
Paranjpe P (2001) Indian Medicinal Plants Forgotten Healers A Guide to
Ayurvedic Herbal Medicine Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratisthan Delhi p316
Park CH Yamabe N Noh JS Kang KS Tanaka T Yokozawa T
(2009b) The beneficial effects of morroniside on the inflammatory response
and lipid metabolism in the liver of dbdb mice Biol Pharm Bull 32 1734ndash
1740
Parrotta JA (2006) Healing Plants of Peninsular India CABI Publishing
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Patchett AA and Nargund RP (2000) Annu Rep Med Chem 35
289e298
Pauly Nicolas Pucciariello C Mandon K Innocenti G Jamet A
Baudouin E Herouart D Frendo P and Puppo A (2006) Reactive
oxygen and nitrogen species and glutathione key players in the legume-
Rhizobium symbiosis Journal of Experimental Botany 57 (8) 1769-76
Peach and Tracey MV (1955) In modern methods of plant analyse 4
373-374
Perez C Canal JR and Torres MD (2003) Experimental diabetes treated
with Ficus carica extract effect on oxidative stress parameters Acta
Diabetologica 40 3ndash8
Perez-Amador MC Ocotero VM Castaneda JMG and Esquinca
ARG (2007) Alkaloids in Solanum torvum Sw (Solanaceae) International
Journal of Experimental Botany 76 39-45
Perry G Cash AD Srinivas R and Smith MA (2002) Metals and
oxidative homeostasis in Alzheimerlsquos disease Drug Development and
Research 56 293ndash299
Pietta PG (2000) Flavonoids and antioxidants J Nat Prod 63 1035-
1042
Pignatelli P Pulcinelli FM and Lenti L (1998) Hydrogen Peroxide Is
Involved in Collagen-Induced Platelet Activation Blood 91 (2) 484-490
Pirola L Johnston AM Van Obberghen E (2004) Modulation of insulin
action Diabetologia 47170ndash84
Pitchersky E and Gang DR (2000) Genetics and biochemistry of
secondary metabolites in plants An evolutionary perspective Trends Plant
Sci 5 445-459
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glutathione a cellular protagonist [J] Biochem Pharmacl 66(8) 1499-1503
Prasad K (2010) Effects of vitamin E on serum enzymes and electrolytes in
hypercholesterolemia Molecular Cellular Biochemistry 335 67ndash74
Prasamthi Muralidhara K and Rajini PS (2005) Fenvalerate-induced
oxidative damage in rat tissues and its attenuation by dietary sesame oil
Food Chem Toxicol 43 299ndash306
Pryor WA (1993) Measurement of oxidative stress status in humans
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2 289-292
Puppo A (1992) Effect of flavonoids on hydroxyl radical formation by
Fenton-type reactions influence of the iron chelator Phytochemistry 31
85ndash88
Rachna A and Abdelhaq R (2003) Redistribution of glucose-6-phosphate
dehydrogenase in response to cerebral ischemia in rat brain Indian J Clin
Biochem 18 64-70
Rahman NN Khan M and Hasan R (1994) Bioactive components from
Ficus glomerata Pure and Applied Chemistry 66 2287ndash2290
Rajesh MG and Latha MS (2004) Preliminary evaluation of the
antihepatotoxic activity of Kamilari a polyherbal formulation J
Ethanopharmacology 91 99-104
Rajkapoor B Anandan R and Jayakar B (2002) Anti-ulcer effect of
Nigella sativa Linn against gastric ulcers in rats Curr Sci 82 177ndash179
Ramadan MF (2007) Nutritional value functional properties and
nutraceutical applications of black cumin (Nigella sativa L) an overview
International Journal of Food Science and Technology 42 1208ndash1218
Ramadan MF and Moumlrsel JT (2004) Oxidative stability of black cumin
(Nigella sativa L) coriander (Coriandrum sativum L) and niger (Guizotia
abyssinica Cass) crude seed oils upon stripping Eur J Lipid Sci Technol
106 35ndash43
Randhawa MA and Al-Ghamdi MS (2002) A review of the
pharmacotherapeutic effects of Nigella sativa Pakistan Journal of Medical
Research 41 77ndash83
Rao BR Murugresan T Sinha S Saha BP Pal M and Mandal SC
(2002) Glucose lowering efficacy of Ficus racemosa barks extract in normal
and alloxan diabetic rats Phytotherapy Research 16 590ndash592
Rao CV Arti R Verma M Vijayakumar S Rastogi (2008)
Gastroprotective effect of standardized extract of Ficus glomerata fruit on
experimental gastric ulcers in rats Journal of Ethnopharmacology 115
323ndash326
Rao KS (2009) Free radical induced oxidative damage to DNA relation to
brain aging and neurological disorders Indian J Biochem Biophys 46 9ndash15
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
Evans C (1999) Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231ndash1237
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
Evans C (1999) Antioxidant activity applying in an improved radical cation
decolorisation assay Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231-1237
Recknagel RO Glende EA JR Waller RL and Loery K (1982) Lipid
peroxidation ndashBiochemistry measurement and signified in liver cell injury in
toxicology in the liver edited by G L Plea and W R Hewilt (Raven press
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induced response of photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism in higher
plants J Plant Physiol 161(11) 1189-1202
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and benzyl adenine and dark- treated graving rice (Oryza sativa) leaves II
Changes in peroxidases activity Plant Cell Physiol 26 987- 994
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710-723
Reitman S Frankel S (1957) Amer JClin Path 2856
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York Plenum Press 279-292
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ed New York Academic
press 6 215-222
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activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids J Free Radic Biol
Med 20 933ndash956
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Rinella ME Elias MS Smolak RR Fu T Borensztajn J and Green
RM (2008) Mechanisms of hepatic steatosis in mice fed a lipogenic
methionine choline-deficient diet J Lipid Res 491068ndash76
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efficacies of Cassia fistula An Indian labrum African Journal of Pharmacy
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Roberts CK Barnard RJ Sindhu RK Jurczak M Ehdaie A and
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and antioxidant enzymes in diet-induced metabolic syndrome Metabolism
55 928ndash934
Robertson G Leclercq I and Farrell GC (2001) Nonalcoholic steatosis
and steatohepatitis II Cytochrome P-450 enzymes and oxidative stress
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oxidative stress on catalase and MnSOD gene transcription in astrocytes
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Romeo S Sentinelli F Dash S Yeo GS Savage DB Leonetti F
Capoccia D Incani M Maglio C Iacovino M OlsquoRahilly S and Baroni
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Antioxidant properties of polyphenol-containing extract from soybean
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820
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expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in a high fat-induced
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Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 63(3) 127minus133
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Sagi Y and Youdim MBH (2008) The neuroprotective effect of
ladostigil against hydrogen peroxide-mediated cytotoxicity Chem-Biol
Interact 175 318ndash26
Sahai A Malladi P Melin-Aldana H Green RM and Whitington PF
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antioxidant activities of various solvent extracts of Carissa opaca fruits
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Sairam K Rao ChV Babu MD Kumar V Agarwal VK and Goel
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Samuel VT Liu ZX Qu X Elder BD Bilz S Befroy D Romanelli
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Sanyal AJ (2002) GA technical review on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Gastroenterology 123 1705ndash1725
Sanyal AJ Campbell-Sargent C Mirshahi F Rizzo WB Contos MJ
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Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis association of insulin resistance and
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22- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method Food Chemistry 112 654ndash658
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Antioxidative properties of xanthan on the autoxidation of soybean oil in
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Shimizu MH Araujo M Borges SM De Tolassa EM and Seguro
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Shukla R Gupta S Gambhir JK Prabhu KM and Murthy PS (2004)
Antioxidant effect of aqueous extract of the bark of Ficus bengalensis in
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Phytochemical and antioxidant characterization of Hypericum perforatum
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Singanan V Singana M and Begum H (2007) The hepatoprotective
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International J Science and Technology 2(2) 83-92
Singh M Govindarajan R Nath V Singh RAK and Mehrotra S
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Ethanopharamacology 107 67-72
Singh R Wang Y Schattenberg JM Xiang Y and Czaja MJ (2009)
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Singh SP Nayak S and Swain M (2004) Prevalence of non-alcoholic
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Sirisha N Sreenivasulu M Sangeeta K and Madhusudhana Chetty C
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Smirnoff N Cumbes QJ (1989) Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of
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Solga S Alkhuraishe AR and Clark JM (2004) Dietary composition
and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Dig Dis Sci 491578ndash83
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saponin of yam (Dioscorea spp) on high-cholesterol fed rats Bioscience
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Song Y Manson JE Buring JE Sesso HD and Liu S (2005) J Am
Coll Nutr 24 376e384
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Spolarics Z and Meyenhofer M (2000) Augmented resistance to oxidative
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curcuminoids Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 49 105ndash107
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Stadlbauer V Fickert P Lackner C Schmerlaib J Krisper P Trauner
M and Stauber RE (2005) Hepatotoxicity of NONI juice Report of two
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Stanner SA Hughes J Kelly CN and Buttriss JA (2004) Review of
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Theilmann L (1994) Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on liver and bile duct
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Sudhahar V Kumar SA and Varalakshmi P (2006) Role of lupeol and
lupeol linoleate on lipemicndashoxidative stress in experimental
hypercholesterolemia Life Science 78 1329ndash1335
Sun Q Ma J Campos H Hankinson SE Manson JE and Stampfer
MJ (2007) A prospective study of trans fatty acids in erythrocytes and risk
of coronary heart disease Circulation 115 1858ndash1865
Sun WY Wei W Wu L Gui SY and Wang H (2007) Effects and
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Ethanopharmacol 112 514-524
Suntress ZA and Sheck PN (1995) Prevention of lung injury by
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Suresh PS Kumar A Kumar R and Singh VP (2008) An in silico
[correction of insilico] approach to bioremediation laccase as a case study
J Mol Graph Model 26 (5) 845ndash9 doi101016jjmgm200705005
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Swanr JC and Connor WE (1975) Hypercholesterolemia of total
starvation its mechanism via tissue mobilization of cholesterol
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Szczeklik A Gryglewski RJ Domagala B Dworski R and Basista M
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Szeto YT Tomlinson B and Benzie IF (2002) Total antioxidant and
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Tapondjou AL Miyamoto T Mirjolet JF Guilbaud N and Lacaille-
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pursaetha Journal of Natural Products 68 1185ndash1190
Targher G Bertolini L Padovani R Poli F Scala L Zenari L
Zoppini G and Falezza G (2006) Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is
associated with carotid artery wall thickness in diet-controlled type 2 diabetic
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Teli MR James OF Burt AD Bennett MK and Day CP (1995)
The natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver a follow-up study
Hepatology 22 1714ndash1719
Tetri LH Basaranoglu M Brunt EM Yerian LM and Neuschwander-
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in mice fed trans fats and a high-fructose corn syrup equivalent Am J
Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 295 G987ndashG995
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varieties cumin black cumin and bitter cumin on antioxidant systems Eur
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Tietge UJ Boker KH Bahr MJ Weinberg S Pichlmayr R Schmidt
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Tilak Khanal Jae Ho Choi Yong Pil Hwang Young Chul Chung Hye
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activation of AMP-dependent protein kinase Food and Chemical
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Ting LP (1982) Plant physiology Addison Wesley Services in Life
Sciences New York USA
Tiwari O P and Tripathi Y B (2007) Antioxidant properties of different
fractions of Vitex negundo Linn Food Chemistry 100 1170ndash1176
Toledo FGS Sniderman AD and Kelley DE (2006) Influence of
hepatic steatosis (fatty liver) on severity and composition of dyslipidemia in
type 2 diabetes Diabetes Care 29 1845ndash50
Tomomichi Chonan Hiroaki Tanaka Daisuke Yamamoto Miyoko Yashiro
Takahiro Oi Daisuke Wakasugi Ayumi Ohoka-Sugita Fusayo Io Hiroko
Koretsune Akira Hiratate (2010) Design and synthesis of disubstituted (4-
piperidinyl)-piperazine derivatives as potent acetyl-CoA carboxylase
inhibitors Bioorganic amp Medicinal Chemistry Letters 20 3965ndash3968
Townsend KL Lorenzi MM and Widmaier EP (2008) High-fat diet-
induced changes in body mass and hypothalamic gene expression in wild-
type and leptindeficient mice Endocrine 33 176ndash188
Trenam CW Blake DR and Morris CJ (1992) Skin inflammation
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Trivedi CP Shinde S and Sharma RC (1969) Preliminary
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(Gular) Indian J Med Res 57 (6) 1070ndash1074
Tuck KL and Hayball PJ (2002) Major phenolic compounds in olive oil
metabolism and health effects Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 13 636ndash
644
Tundis R Bonesi M Deguin B Loizzo MR Menichini F Conforti F
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oxide production of triterpene saponins from the roots of Physospermum
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Uchida K (2003) 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal a product and mediator of
oxidative stress Prog Lipid Res 42 318-343
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Eclalbatin triterpine saponins from Eclipta alba J Asian Nat Prod Res 3
213-217
Upasani CD and Balaraman R (2001) Effect of vitamin e vitamin C and
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organs of rats exposed to lead Indian J Pharm 33 185-191
Urmila Thatte (2004) Challenges in clinical research on Herbs Indian
JNat Prod 19 (1) 35-36
Urquiaga I and Leighton F (2000) Plant polyphenol antioxidants and
oxidative stress Biol Res Biol 33(2) 55ndash64
Ur-Rahman A Sohail M Ahmed S Iqbal Choudhary M and Ur-
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Valko M Leibfritz D Moncol J Cronin MT Mazur M and Telser J
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Valko M Rhodes CJ Moncol J Izakovic M and Mazur M (2006)
Free radicals metals and antioxidants in oxidative stress-induced cancer
Chem-Biol Interact 10 1ndash40
Van den Berg R Haenen GRMM Van den Berg H and Bast A
(1999) Applicability of an improved Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity
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Varela-Rey M Embade N Ariz U Lu SC Mato JM and Martinez-
Chantar ML (2009) Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and animal models
Understanding the human disease The International Journal of Biochemistry
and Cell Biology 41 969ndash976
Venkat Ratnam D Ankolaa D Bhardwaja V Sahanaa DK and Ravi
Kumar MNV (2007) Role of antioxidants in prophylaxis and therapy a
pharmaceutical perspective Journal of Controlled Release 113(3) 189-207
Venukumar MR and Latha MS (2004) Effect of Coscinium fenestratum
on hepatotoxicity in rats Indian J of Exp Bio 42 792-97
Verma A Vijayakumar M Chandana V Rao Chandra S and Mathela
(2010) In vitro and In vivo antioxidant properties and DNA damage
protective activity of green fruit of Ficus glomerata Food and Chemical
Toxicology 48 704ndash709
Verma S and Singh SP (2008) Current and future status of herbal
medicines Vet World 1 347ndash50
Vetelainen R van Vliet A and vcan Gulik TM (2007) Essential
pathogenic and metabolic differences in steatosis induced by choline or
methionine-choline deficient diets in a rat model J Gastroenterol Hepatol
221526-1533
Vichnvetskaia KD and Roy DN (2001) Oxidative stress and
antioxidative defence with an emphasis on plants antioxidants Environ Rev
7 31-35
Videla LA Rodrigo R Orellana M Fernandez V Tapia G Quintildeones
L Varela N Contreras J Lazarte R Csendes A Rojas J Maluenda
F Burdiles P Diaz JC Smok G Thielemann L and Poniachik J
(2004) Oxidative stress-related parameters in the liver of non-alcoholic fatty
liver disease patients Clin Sci (Lond) 106 261-268
Villanova N Moscatiello S and Ramillis S (2005) Endothelial
dysfunction and cardiovascular risk profile in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Am J Gastroenterol 99 1497ndash1502
Vinson JA Zubik L Bose P Samman N Proch J (2005) Dried fruits
excellent invitro and in vivo antioxidants Journal of the American College of
Nutrition 24 44ndash50
Viuda-Martos M Navajas Y R Zapata E S Fernandez-Lopez J and
Perez-Alvarez J A (2010) Antioxidant activity of essential oils of five
spice plants widely used in a Mediterranean diet Flavour and Fragrance
Journal 25 13minus19
Vural H Aksoy N and Ozbilge H (2004) Alterations of oxidative
antioxidative status in human cutaneous lishmaniasis Cell Biochem Funct
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Wakil SJ Stoops JK and Joshi VC (1983) Fatty acid synthesis and its
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Wang J Li J Zou Y Chenga W Lu C Zhang L Gea J Huanga C
Jin Y Xiong-wen Lv Cheng-mu Hu and Li-ping Liu (2009) Preventive
effects of total flavonoids of Litsea coreana leve on hepatic steatosis in rats
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Wang K Zhang Y and Yang C (2005) Antioxidant phenolic compounds
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Yang H Roberts LJ Jian Shi M Chun Zhou Li Ballard BR
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Clinical Biochemistry 26 39ndash42
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Cave M Deaciuc I Mendez C Song Z Joshi-Barve S and Barve S
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Ceriello A (2003) New insights on oxidative stress and diabetic
complication may lead to a causal antioxidant therapy Diabetes Care 26
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Ceylan-Isik AF Fliethman RM Wold LE and Ren J (2008) Herbal
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Chatterjee TK (2000) Medicinal plants with hepatoprotective properties in
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Chaudary SA Tayyab M and Ditta A (1996) Serum Lipid Profile in
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Cult 70 (3-4) 142-5
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Cheikh Rouhou S Hentati B Besbes S Blecker C Deroanne C and
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Aleppo Pine (Pinus halepensis Mill) seeds cultivated in Tunisia Food
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Cytotoxic triterpenes from the aerial roots of Ficus microcarpa
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Choudhury J and Sanyal AJ (2004) Insulin resistance and the
pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Clin Liver Dis 8575ndash94
Cioffi G Dal Piaz F De Caprariis P Sanego R Marzocco S Autore
G and De Tommasi N (2006) Antiproliferative triterpene saponins from
Entada africana Journal of Natural Products 69 1323ndash1329
Clarke SD (2001) Nonalcoholic steatosis and steatohepatitis I Molecular
mechanism for polyunsaturated fatty acid regulation of gene transcription
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 281 G865ndash869
Comalada MD CAmuesco S Sierra I Ballester J Xaus J Galvez and
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of quercitin which inhibits inflammation through down-regulation of the Nf-
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cardioprotective effects and dietary sources Nutr Biochem 7 66-76
Corbett JW Harwood H J (2007) Jr Rec Pat Cardiovasc Drug Discov
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Cotgreave I Moldeus P and Orrenius S (1988) Host biochemical
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Craig WJ (1970) Health-promoting properties of common herbs Am J
Clin Nutr 70(3 suppl) 491Sndash499S
Crespo J Cayon A and Pons-Romero F (2004) Pathogenesis of non-
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Cronan JE Jr and Waldrop GL (2002) Multi-subunit acetyl-CoA
carboxylases Prog Lipid Res 41 407ndash435
Crook MA (2006) Clinical chemistry and metabolic medicine 7th
edition
Hodder Arnold London 426
Cross CE Halliwell B Borish ET Pryor WA Ames BN Saul RL
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Cross CE Reznick AZ Packer L Davis PZ SuzukiYJ and
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Cui W Chen SL and Hu KQ (2010) Quantification and mechanisms of
oleic acid induced steatosis in HepG2 cells Am J Transl Res 2 95-104
Czakoacute L Szabolcs A Vajda A Csaacuteti S Venglovecz V and
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aggravates necrotizing pancreatitis in rats European Journal of
Pharmacology 572 74ndash81
Daba MH and Abdel-Rahman MS (1998) Hepatoprotective activity of
thymoquinone in isolated rat hepatocytes Toxicology Letters 95 23ndash29
Dandona P Aljada A Chaudhuri A Mohanty P and Rajesh G (2004)
Metab Syndr RelatDisord 2 2e8
Daniel RS Mathew BC Devi KS and Augusti KT (1998) Antioxidant
effect of two flavonoids from the bark of Ficus bengalensis Linn in
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between total antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in
hypercholesterolaemia Current Science 78 486ndash487
Das U (2002) A radical approach to cancer Med Sci Monit 8 RA79ndash92
Day CP James O (1998) Steatohepatitis a tale of two hits
Gastroenterology 114 842-5
De Jong N Plat J and Mensink RP (2003) Metabolic effects of plant
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Encapsulation of natural antioxidants extracted from Ilex paraguariensis
Carbohydrate Polymers 71 126ndash134
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inhibition of Listeria spp by vanillin and vanillic acid Journal of Food
Protein 68 1472-1476
Delazar A Reid RG and Sarker SD (2004) GC-MS analysis of the
Essential oil from the Oleoresin of Pistacia atlantica var Mutica Chemistry
of Natural compounds 40(1) 4-27
Denechaud PD Dentin R Girard J and Postic C (2008) Role of
ChREBP in hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance FEBS Lett 58268ndash73
Deng J Wangyuan Cheng and Guangzhong Yang (2011) A novel
antioxidant activity index (AAU) for natural products using the DPPH assay
Food Chemistry 125 1430ndash1435
Dentin R Girard J and Postic C (2005) Carbohydrate responsive element
binding protein (ChREBP) and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c
(SREBP-1c) two key regulators of glucose metabolism and lipid synthesis in
liver Biochime 8781ndash6
Devasagayam TPA Kamat JP and Sreejayan N (2001) Antioxidant
action of curcumin In micronutrients and health Molecular Biological
Mechanisms (eds Nesartnam K And Packer L) AOCS Press Champaign
IL USA 42-59
Di Carlo G Mascolo N and Izzo AA (1999) Flavonoids old and new
aspects of a class of natural therapeutic drugs Life Sci 65 337-53
Di Majo D Giammanco M La Guardia M Tripoli E Giammanco S
and Finotti E (2005) Flavonones in citrus fruit Structure-antioxidant
activity relationships Food Research International 38 1161-1166
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endothelial function is prevented by CuZn superoxide dismutase
overexpression Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 25 90ndash95
Diehl AM (2003) Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis pathogenesis In Arroyo
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Diseases Barcelona Medicina STM Editores 227-32
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tubers isolation characterization quantification and antioxidant properties
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Biochem Biophys 315 161-169
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management Indian Drugs 32 139
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Prevalence costs and patterns of use New Engl J Med 32 246-252
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radical scavenging properties of lignans Organic and Bimolecular
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NAFLD and elevated liver enzymes Hepatology 44 865ndash873
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ethanol-inducible cytochrome P-450 (P-450 IIE1) Biochem Pharmacol 38
1313ndash9
El-Dakhakhny M Mady NI and Halim M (2000) Nigella sativa L oil
protects against induced hepatotoxicity and improves serum lipid profile in
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Emery MG Fisher JM and Chien JY (2003) CYP2E1 activity before
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biochemistry of 4-hydroxynonenal malonaldehyde and related aldehydes
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Evans P and Halliwell B (1999) Free radicals and hearing Cause
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nutrition Nutrition 18 872-879
Fardet A Llorach R Martin JF Besson C Lyan B Pujos-Guillot E
and Scalbert A (2008) Aliquid chromatographyndashquadrupole time-of-flight
(LCndashQTOF)-based metabolomic approach reveals new metabolic effects of
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Farrel GC Larter CZ (2006) Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease from
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Feig M Onufriev A Lee MS Im W Case DA and Brooks CL
(2004) Performance comparison of generalized born and Poisson methods
in the calculation of electrostatic solvation energies for protein structures
Journal of Computational Chemistry 25 (2) 265ndash84 doi101002jcc10378
PMID 14648625
Feldstein AEWerneburg NW Canbay A Guicciardi ME Bronk
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promote hepatic lipotoxicity by stimulating TNF-alpha expression via a
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Ferannini E Natalie A and Bell P (1997)Insulin resistance and
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Medicine 3 119-123
Francis G Kerem Z Makkar HPS and Becker K (2002) The
biological action of saponins in animal systems a review British Journal of
Nutrition 88 587ndash605
Frei B and Higdon JV (2003) Antioxidant activity of tea polyphenols in
vivo evidence from animal studies J Nutr 133 3275Sndash84S
Fromenty B Robin MA Igoudjil A Mansouri A and Pessayre D
(2004) The ins and outs of mitochondrial dysfunction in NASH Diabetes amp
Metabolism 30 121ndash138
Fruhwirth GO Loidl A and Hermetter A (2007) Oxidized
phospholipids From molecular properties to disease Biochem Biophys
Acta 1772 718-736
Fryer MJ (1992) The antioxidant effects of thyla Vit E Plant cell Environ
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Ganapathy S (2004) Emerging strategy in the study of natural products
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Germano MP Sanogo R Costa C Fulco R Ando DV Torrel EA
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Girish S Achliya Sudhir Wadodkar G Avinash and Dorle K (2004)
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adipocytes and vascular function J Clin Endocrinol Metab 892563ndash2568
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body fat Physiol Behav 94 164ndash8
Grattagliano I Caraceni P Calamita G Ferri D Gargano I Palasciano
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and oxidative stress in rats Eur J Clin Invest 38 523-530
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Liver 40th
di Elsevier 1858
Green RM and Flamm S (2002) AGA Technical review of evaluation of
liver chemistry tests Gasteroenteerology 123 1367-1384
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beta cell function clinical significance and underlying mechanisms Mol
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508ndash511
Guumllccedilin I Mshvildadze V Gepdiremen A and Elias R (2004)
Antioxidant activity of saponins isolated from ivy a-hederin hederasaponin-
C hederacolchiside-E and hederacolchiside-F Planta Medica 70 561ndash563
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antioxidant activity of a triterpenoid glycoside isolated from the berries of
Hedera colchica 3-O-(b-D-glucopyranosyl)-hederagenin Phytotherapy
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FRAP assay Nutrition Research 23 1719ndash1726
Gupta R and Misra A (2007) Type 2 diabetes in India regional
disparities Br J Diab Vasc Dis 7(1)12ndash6
Gurumoorthy V Hindu Jan-23rd 2011
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superoxide in inflammation and immune regulation Journal of Physiology
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Two new biologically active triterpenoidal saponins acylated with salicylic
acid from Albizia adianthifolia Journal of Natural Products 66 372ndash377
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and hepatoprotective effects of silibinin in a rat model of nonalcoholic
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Halliwell B (1993) The role of oxygen radicals in human disease with
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Halliwell B (1994) Free radicals antioxidants and human disease
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Halliwell B and Gutteridge JMC (1999) Free Radicals in Biology and
Medicine Oxford Oxford University Press 347ndash352
Halliwell B Aeschbach R Loliger J and Aruoma OI (1995) The
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Handa SS Sharma A and Charaborti KK (1986) Natural products and
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Hansson A Zelada JC and Noriega HP (2005) Revaluations of risks
with the use of Ficus insipid latex as a traditional anthelmintic remedy in the
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Harada N Oda Z Hara Y Fujinami K Okawa M Ohbuchi K
Yonemoto M Ikeda Y Ohwaki K Aragane K Tamai Y Kusunoki
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Harrison P Degen SJ Williams R and Farzaneh F (1994) Hepatic
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Harvey AL (2008) Drug Discov Today 13 894e901
Harwood H J Jr Petras SF Shelly LD Zaccaro LM Perry DA
Makowski MR Hargrove DM Martin KA Tracey WR Chapman
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and Eisenbeis SA (2003) J Biol Chem 278 37099
Harwood H J Jr (2004) Acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibition for the
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Hedge K Joshi AB (2009) Hepatoprotective effect of Carissa carandus
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Hepatoprotective effect of Cichorium intybus on CCl4 induced liver damage
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Heuman DM Pandak WM Hylemon PB and Vlahzevic ZR (1991)
Conjugates of ursodeoxycholate protect against cytotoxicity of more
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Higuchi N Kato M and Shundo Y (2008) LiverXreceptor in cooperation
with SREBP-1c is a major lipid synthesis regulator in nonalcoholic fatty
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Hileman EO Liu J Albitar M Keating MJ and Huang P (2004)
Intrinsic oxidative stress in cancer cells a biochemical basis for therapeutic
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a causal role in multiple forms of insulin resistance Nature 440944ndash8
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Hu C and Kitts DD (2005) Dendelion (Taraxacum officinale) flower
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Inzucchi SE (2002) Oral antihyperglycemic therapy for type 2 diabetes
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Iovin Nicole M Seema Pursnani Voldman A Wasserman G Blaser
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Ismail M Ghanya Al-Naqeep Kim Wei Chan (2010) Nigella sativa
thymoquinone-rich fraction greatly improves plasma antioxidant capacity
and expression of antioxidant genes in hypercholesterolemic rats Free
Radical Biology amp Medicine 48 664ndash672
Itagaki S Kurokawa T Nakata C Saito Y Oikawa S Kobayashi T
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Jain S Dixit Malviya N and Ambawata V (2009) Antioxidant and
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James O and Day C (1999) Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis another disease
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Joven J Rull A Ferreacute N Escolagrave-Gil JC Marsillach J Coll B
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Kallwitz ER McLachlan A and Cotler SJ (2008) Role of peroxisome
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Kamal-Eldin A and Appelqvist LA (1996) The chemistry and antioxidant
properties of tocopherols and tocotrienols Lipids 31 671-701
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Kantartzis K Peter A Machicao F Machann J Wagner S
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and Stefan N (2009) Diabetes 58 2616ndash2623
Kappus H (1991) Lipid peroxidation-mechanism and biological relevance
In O I Aruoma amp B Halliwell (Eds) Free radicals and food additives (pp
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fed Panax ginseng saponin a pancreatic lipase inhibitor J Agric Food Chem
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Kataria M and Singh LN (1997) Hepatoprotective effect of Liv-52 and
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Katina K Arendt E Liukkonen KH Autio K Flander L and Poutanen
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Kaufmann (1999) National products of high pharmacological potency
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Kechagias S Ernersson A Dahlqvist O Lundberg P Lindstrom T and
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and profound elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase in healthy
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Kelloff GJ Boone CW Crowell JA Steele VE Lubet RA Doody
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Khan MS Nema N Kharya MD and Khanam S (2009)
Chromatographic estimation of maturity based phytochemical profiling of
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Khan N and Sultana ST (2005) Chemomodulatory effect of Ficus
racemosa extract against chemically induced renal carcinogenesis and
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Kim YS Bahn KN Hah CK Gang HI and Ha YL (2008)
Inhibition of 712-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene induced mouse skin
carcinogenesis by Artemisia capillaries J Food Sci 73 T16ndash20
Kim YY Kang HJ Ko SK and Chung SH (2002) Sopungsungiwon
(SP) prevents the onset of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in Zucker
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King J (1965a) The hydrolases-acid and alkaline phosphatise In Practical
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King J (1965b) The dehydrogenase or oxidoreductase-Lactate
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Kinnunen PK (1991) On the principles of functional ordering in biological
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Kitchen DB Decornez H Furr JR and Bajorath J (2004) Docking and
scoring in virtual screening for drug discovery methods and applications
Nature reviews Drug discovery 3(11) 935ndash49 doi101038nrd1549
PMID 15520816
Kiyici M Gulten M Gurel S Nak SG Dolar E and Savci G (2003)
Ursodeoxycholic acid and atorvastin in the treatment of non-alcoholic
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Klichko VI Radyuk SN and Orr WC (2004) Profiling catalase gene
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Knight JA (2000) Review Free radicals antioxidants and the immune
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Koek GH et al Clinica Chimica Acta xxx (2011) xxxndashxxx Koek GH et
al The role of oxidative stress in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Clin Chim
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Koumlksal E Guumllccedilin İ Ozturk Sarıkaya S B and Bursal E (2009) In vitro
antioxidant activity of silymarin Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and
Medicinal Chemistry 24(2) 395minus405
Kondo K Hirano R Matsumoto A Igarashi O and Itakura H (1996)
Inhibition of LDL oxidation by cocoa Lancet 348 1514
Koneacute WM Atindehou KK Terreaux C Hostettmann K Traoreacute D
and Dosso M (2004) Traditional medicine in North Cocircte-DlsquoIvoire
Screening of 50 medicinal plants for antibacterial activity Journal of
Ethnopharmacology 93 43ndash49
Koppe SW Elias M Moseley RH and Green RM (2009) Trans fat
feeding results in higher serum alanine aminotransferase and increased
insulin resistance compared with a standard murine high-fat diet Am J
Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 297 G378ndashG384
Korchak HM (1962) Regulation of hepatic lipogenesis Tufts Folia Med
8 134ndash43
Kordali S Cakir A Mavi A Kilic H and Yildirim A (2005) Screening
of chemical composition and antifungal and antioxidant activities of the
essential oils from three Turkish Artemisia species Journal of Agricultural
and Food Chemistry 53 1408ndash1416
Koruk M Savascedil MC Yilmaz O Tayscedil iS Karakok M Guumlndolsquogdu C
and Yilmaz A (2003) Serum lipids lipoproteins and apolipoproteins levels
in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Journal of Clinical
Gastroenterology 37 177ndash182
Kotani K Peroni OD Minokoshi Y Boss O and Kahn BB (2004)
GLUT4 glucose transporter deficiency increases hepatic lipid production and
peripheral lipid utilization J Clin Invest 114 1666ndash1675
Koteish A and Diehl AM (2002) Animal models of steatohepatitis Best
Kotronen A Seppanen-Laakso T and Westerbacka J (2009) Hepatic
stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD)-1 activity and diacylglycerol but not
ceramide concentrations are increased in the nonalcoholic human fatty liver
Diabetes 58(1) 203ndash8
Kowdley KV (2000) Ursodeoxycholic acid therapy in hepatobiliary
disease Am J Med 108 481ndash486
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17-19
Krishnamoorthy V Divianathan S Subramanian B and Shanmugam M
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Kroumltz F Sohn HY and Gloe T (2002) Oxidase-dependent platelet
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924
Kulinski A Vance DE and Vance JE (2004) A choline-deficient diet in
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Kumar V Rani A Dixit A K Pratap D and Bhatnagar D (2010) A
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Anticarcinogens in Nutrition Health and Disease the Royal Society of
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59
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Meriones shawi obegravese et diabeacutetique Espeacuterance Meacutedicale 47 72ndash74
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Lansky EP Helena M Paavilainena Alison D Pawlus B Robert A
and Newmana B (2008) Ficus spp (fig) Ethnobotany and potential as
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23 1464ndash1467
Le K Chiu F and Ng K (2007) Identification and quantification of
antioxidants in Fructus lycii Food Chemistry 105 353ndash363
Le PM Benhaddou-Andaloussi A Elimadi A Settaf A Cherrah Y
and Haddad P (2004) The petroleum ether extract of Nigella sativa exerts
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Leclercq IA (2007) Pathogenesis of steatohepatitis insights from the study
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Lee GS Yan JS Ng RK Kakar S and Maher JJ (2007)
Polyunsaturated fat in the methionine-choline-deficient diet influences
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Dietary carvacrol lowers body weight gain but improves feed conversion in
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Li H Wang QJ Zhu DN and Yang Y (2008) Reinioside C a
triterpene saponin of Polygala aureocauda Dunn exerts hypolipidemic effect
on hyperlipidemic mice Phytotherapy Research 22 159ndash164
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Food Chemistry 53(1) 103minus110
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pathological role Physiol Rev 77 517ndash 44
Lieber CS Leo MA Mak KM Xu Y Cao Q Ren C
Ponomarenko A and DeCarli LM (2004) Model of nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 79(3) 502ndash509
Lin J Yang R Tarr PT Wu PH Handschin C and Li S (2005)
Hyperlipidemic effects of dietary saturated fats mediated through PGC-1β
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Lindor KD Dickson ER Baldus WP Jorgensen RA Ludwig J
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Lindor KD Kodley KV Heathcote EJ Harrison ME Jorgensen R and
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HO in vitro and in vivo Free Radical Biology and Medicine 16 29ndash36
Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Instructorlsquos Resource Parthlsquos
Pathophysiology Concepts of Altered Health States Seventh edition 2008
Liu C H Hung M T and Huang P C (1995) Source of triacylglycerol
accumulation in lives of rats fed a cholesterol-supplemented diet Lipids 30
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Liu F and Ng TB (2000) Antioxidative and free radical scavenging
activities of selected medicinal herbs Life Sciences 66 725ndash735
Liu F Ooi VEC and Chang S T (1997) Free radical scavenging
activity of mushroom polysaccharide extracts Life Science 60 763-771
Liu L and Meydani M (2002) Combined vitamin C and E
supplementation retards early progression of arteriosclerosis in heart
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Lizardi-Cervera J and Aquilar-Zapata D (2009) Nonalcoholic fatty liver
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Lopez-Avila V L and A and Yefchak G (2009) Use of GC-QTOF MS to
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Lopez-Garcia E Schulze MB Meigs JB Manson JE Rifai N and
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Louchami K Zhang Y Oguzhan B Delporte C Portois L and
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Ludwig J Viggiano TR McGill DB and Ott BJ (1980) Non-alcoholic
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Mayo Clin Proc 55434-438
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Lyon CJ Law RE and Hsueh WA (2003) Minireview adiposity
inflammation and atherogenesis Endocrinology 144 2195ndash2200
Mabrouk GM Moselhy SS Zohny SF Ali EM Helal TE Amin
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Clinical Cancer Research 21 (3) 341ndash346
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Mahmoud MR El-Abhar HS and Saleh S (2002) The effect of Nigella
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in mice Journal of Ethnopharmacology 79 1ndash11
Makino I Shinozaki K Yoshino K and Nakagawa S (1975)
Dissolution of cholesterol gallstones by long-term administration of
ursodeoxycholic acid Nippon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi 72 690ndash702
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Mallikharjuna PB Rajanna LN Seetharam YN and Sharanabasappa
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Medicinal Plant 4(4) 510-518
Manco M Calvani M and Mingrone G (2004) Effects of dietary fatty
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6 402ndash413
Manian R Anusuya N Siddhuraju P and Manian S (2008) The
antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging potential of two different
solvent extracts of Camellia sinensis (L) O Kuntz Ficus bengalensis L and
Ficus racemosa L Food Chemistry 107 1000ndash1007
Marchand LL Murphy SP Hankin JH Wilkens LR Kolonel LN
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Marchesini G Bugianesi E Forlani G Cerrelli F Lenzi M Manini
R Natale S Vanni E Villanova N Melchionda N and Rizzetto M
(2003) Nonalcoholic fatty liver steatohepatitis and the metabolic syndrome
Hepatology 37 917ndash 923
Mari M Caballero F Colell A Morales A Caballeria J Fernandez
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Mitochondrial free cholesterol loading sensitizes to TNF and Fas-meidated
steatohepatitis Cell Metabolism 4 185ndash198
Marimuthu P Wu CL Chang HT and Chang ST (2008) Antioxidant
activity of the ethanolic extract from the bark of Chamaecyparis obtuse var
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Mariod AA Ibrahim RM Ismail M and Ismail N (2009) Antioxidant
activity and phenolic content of phenolic rich fractions obtained from black
cumin (Nigella sativa) seedcake Food Chemistry 116 306ndash312
Maron DJ (2004) Flavonoids for reduction of atherosclerotic risk Curr
Atheroscler Rep 6 73-78
Marra F Gastaldelli A Svegliati Baroni G Tell G and Tiribelli C
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steatohepatitis Trends Mol Med 14 72ndash81
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Mates JM Perez-Gomez C and Decastro IN (1999) Clin Chem 32
595-603
Matsuzawa N Takamura T Kurita S Misu H Ota T Ando H
Yokoyama M Honda M Zen Y Nakanuma Y Miyamoto K and
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mice fed an atherogenic diet Hepatology 46 1392ndash1403
Matsuzawa Y Shimomura I Nakamura T Keno Y Kotani K and
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Matteoni C Younossi Z Gramlich T Boparai N and Liu Y (1999)
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Matthaei S StumvollM Kellerer M and Haring (2000) Endocr H-U
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Matthew Ricci (2008) NAFLD (Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease) A
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Matthew Cave Ion Deaciuc Christian Mendez Zhenyuan Song Swati
Joshi-Barve Shirish Barve Craig McClain (2007) Nonalcoholic fatty liver
disease predisposing factors and the role of nutrition Journal of Nutritional
Biochemistry 18 184ndash 195
Mavrelis PG Ammon HV Gleysteen JJ Komorowski RA and
Charaf UK (1983) Hepatic free fatty acids in alcoholic liver disease and
morbid obesity Hepatology 3 226ndash231
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Murray KR Graner KD Mayes AP and Rodwell WV Harperlsquos
Biochemistry Chap 53 Prentice-Hall International Inc 23rd
edition 588-
590
Mazur A Bayle D Lab C Rock E and Rayssiguier Y (1999)
Inhibitory effect of procyanidin-rich extracts on LDL oxidation in vitro
Atherosclerosis 145 421ndash422
McCay PB (1985) Vitamin E Interactions with free radicals and
ascorbate Ann Rev Nutr 5 323-340
McCullough AJ (2004) The clinical features diagnosis and natural history
of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Clinics in Liver Disease 8 521ndash533
McDougall GJ Dobson P Smith P Blake A and Stewart D (2005)
Assessing potential bioavallability of raspberry anthocyanins using an in
vitro digestion system Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53(15)
5896minus5904
Mehta B K Sharma U Pandit V Agrawal S Joshi N and Gupta M
(2008) Med Chem Res 17 462ndash473
Meng EC Shoichet BK and Kuntz ID (2004) Automated docking
with grid-based energy evaluation Journal of Computational Chemistry 13
(4) 505ndash524 doi101002jcc540130412
Merchant JR Bakshi VM and Engineer AB (1979) Chemical
investigation of fruits of Ficus glomerata Roxb Indian J Chem 17B 87ndash88
Mervat MM and Taie HAA (2009) Antioxidant activities total
anthocyanins phenolics and flavonoids contents of some sweet potato
genotypes under stress of different concentrations of sucrose and sorbito
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Meydani M (2000) Vitamin E and prevention of heart disease in high-risk
patients Nutr Rev 58 278-281
Meyer SA and Kulkarni AP (2001) Hepatotoxicity in Introduction to
biochemical toxicology 3rd
Edition edited by E Hodgson and R C Smart (A
John Wiley amp Sons Inc New York) 487
Mezzetti A Di Ilio C Calafiore AM Aceto A Marzio L Frederici G
and Cuccurullo F (1990) Glutathione peroxidase glutathione reductase and
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Michalak A (2006) Phenolic compounds and their antioxidant activity in
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523-530
Milagro FI Campioacuten J and Martiacutenez JA (2006) Weight gain induced
by high-fat feeding involves increased liver oxidative stress Obesity (Silver
Spring) 14 1118ndash1123
Miliauskas G Venskutonis PR and Van Beek TA (2004) Screening of
radical scavenging activity of some medicinal and aromatic plant extracts
Food Chemistry 85 231ndash237
Ming M Guanhua L Zhanhai Y Guang C and Xuan Z (2009) Effect
of the Lycium barbarum polysaccharides administration on blood lipid
metabolism and oxidative stress of mice fed high-fat diet in vivo Food
Chemistry 113 872ndash877
Misra A Khurana L Vikram NK Goel A and Wasir JS (2007)
Metabolic syndrome in children current issues and South Asian perspective
Nutrition 23(11ndash12)895ndash910
Misra A Misra R Wijesuriya M and Banerjee D (2007) The metabolic
syndrome in south Asians continuing escalation amp possible solutions Indian
J Med Res 125(3)345ndash54
Misra A Vikram NK (2004) Insulin resistance syndrome (metabolic
syndrome) and obesity in Asian Indians Evidence and implications
Nutrition 20482ndash491
Mithra SK Seshadri SJ Venkataranganna MV Gopumadhavan S
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formulation in galactosamine induced hepatopathy in rats Indian J Physiol
Pharmacol 44 82-86
Modi KP Patel NM and Goyal R K (2008) Estimation of L-topaf from
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Mohamed and Azza M (2008) The ameliorative actions of Agaricus blazei
mushroom against rat liver oxidative damage and fibrosis induced by CCL4
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Mohan V (2004) Why are Indians more prone to diabetes J Assoc Phys
India 52468ndash474
Mohan V and Deepa R (2006) Adipocytokines and The expanding Asian
Indian Phenotype J Assoc Physic Ind 54 685-6
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Moon YJ Wang X Morris and ME (2006) Toxicol In Vitro 20 187
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mortality in middle aged Finnishmen The Kuopio Ischaemic heart disease
risk factor study Br J Nutr 100 (4) 890ndash895
Musso G Gambino R and Cassader M (2009) Recent insights into
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Progress in Lipid Research 48 1e26
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relations to insulin resistance and postprandial lipemia in nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis Hepatology 37 909ndash16
Mythilypriya R Shanthi P and Sachdanandam P (2007) Oral acute and
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Naganna B (1989) Plasma proteins In Textbook of Biochemistry and
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Nair HK Rao KV Aalinkeel R Mahajan S Chawda R and Schwartz
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Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 11 63-69
Nakamoto K Takayama F Mankura M Hidaka Y Egashira T and
Ogino T (2009) Beneficial effects of fermented green tea extract in a rat
model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis J Clin Biochem Nutr 44 239ndash46
Nanji AA (2004b) Another animal model for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
how close to the human condition The American Journal of Clinical
Nutrition 79(3) 350ndash351
Nanji AA (2004a) Animal models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and
steatohepatitis Clinics in Liver Disease 8 (3) 559ndash574 (ix)
Neuhouser ML (2004) Flavonoids and cancer risk evidence from human
population studies Nutr Cancer 50 1-7
Neuschwander-Tetri BA and Caldwell SH (2003) Nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis summary of an AASLD single topic conference Hepatology
371202ndash19
Newman DJ Cragg GM and Snader KM (2000) The influence of
natural products upon drug discovery Nat Prod Rep 17 175-285
Nickavar B Mojab F Javidnia K and Amoli M AR (2003) Chemical
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Clinical Chemistry Chap27 Oxford Press New York 1280-1282
Ninomiya M Shimada M and Harada N (2004) The hydroxyl radical
scavenger MCI-186 protects the liver from experimental cold ischaemia-
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Noctor G and Foyer CH (1998) Ascorbate and Glutathione Keeping
active oxygen under control Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant
Molecular Biology 49 249-279
Noguchi N Damiani E Greci L and Niki E (1999) Action of quinolinic
and indolinonic aminoxyls as radical-scavenging antioxidants Chem Phys
Lipids 99 11-19
Nsimba R Kikuzaki H and Konishi Y (2008) Antioxidant activity of
various extracts and fractions of Chenopodium quinoa and Amaranthus spp
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Nzowa LK Barboni L Teponno RB Ricciutelli M Lupidi G Luana
Quassinti L Massimo Bramucci M and Tapondjou LA (2010)
Rheediinosides A and B two antiproliferative and antioxidant triterpene
saponins from Entada rheedii Phytochemistry 71 254ndash261
OConnell OF Ryan L and OBrien NM (2007) Xanthophyll
carotenoids are more bioaccessible from fruits than dark green vegetables
Nutrition Research 27(5) 258minus264
Ogbonnia OS Nkemehule EF and Anyika NE (2009) Evaluation of
acute and subchronic toxicity of Stachytarpheta angustifola (Mill) Vahl
(Fam Verbanaceae) extrct in animals Afr J Biotecnol 8(9) 1793-1799
Ogbonnia S Adekunle AA Bosa MK and Enwuru VN (2008)
Evaluation of acute and subacute toxicity of Alstnia congensis Engler
(Apocynaceae) bark and Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal)A Rich (Annonaceae)
fruits mixtures used in the treatment of diabtes AfrJBiotechnol 7(6) 701-
705
Oguzhan B Sancho V Acitores A Villanueva-Penacarrillo ML
Portois L and Chardigny JM (2006) Alteration of adipocyte metabolism
in omega3 fatty acid-depleted rats Horm Metab Res 38 789-798
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Okada Y Shibata S Ikekawa T Javellana AMJ and Kamo O (1987)
Entada saponin-III a saponin isolated from the bark of Entada phaseoloides
Phytochemistry 26 2789ndash2796
Okada Y Shibata S Javellana AMJ and Kamo O (1988) Entada
saponins (ES) II and IV from the bark of Entada phaseoloides Chemical and
Pharmaceutical Bulletin 36 1264ndash1269
Olszewska M (2007) Quantitative HPLC analysis of flavonoids and
chlorogenic acid in the leaves and inflorescences of Prunus serotina Ehrh
Acta Chromatographica 19 253-269
Orolowski M and Meister (1963) γ-glutamyl-p-nitroanilide a new
convenient substrate for determination and study of L-and D-glutamyl trans
peptidase activities Biochemica Biophysica Acta 73 679-681
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Postharvest Biochemistry of Plant Food-Materials in Tropics Japan
Scientific Society Press Tokyo 241-251
Oteiza PI Erlejman AG Verstraeten SV Keen CL and Fraga CG
(2005) Flavonoidndashmembrane interaction a protective role of flavonoids at
the membrane surface Clin Dev Immunol 12 (1) 19ndash25
Owen R W Giacosa A Hull W E Haubner R Spiegelhalder B and
Bartsh H (2000) The antioxidantanticancer potential of phenolic
compounds isolated from olive oil European Journal of Cancer 36 1235ndash
1247
Oyaizu M (1986) Studies on product of browning reaction prepared from
glucose amine Japanese Journal of Nutrition 44307-315
Ozcan U Cao Q Yilmaz E Lee AH Iwakoshi NN and Ozdelen E
(2004) Endoplasmic reticulum stress links obesity insulin action and type 2
diabetes Science 306457ndash61
Ozturk-Urek R Bozkaya LA and Tarhan L (2001) The effects of some
antioxidant vitamins and trace elements supplemented diets on activities of
SOD CAT GSH-Px and LPO levels in chicken tissues Cell Biochemistry
and Function 19 125ndash132
Pacheco-Alvarez D Solorzano-Vargas RS and Leon-Del-Rio A (2002)
Biotin in metabolism and its relationship tohuman disease Arch Med Res
33 439ndash447
Pacher P Beckman JS and Liaudet L (1997) (Nitric oxide and
peroxynitrite in health and disease Physiol Rev 87 (1) 315ndash424
Pacher P Beckman JS and Liaudet L (2007) Nitric oxide and
peroxynitrite In health and disease Physiological Reviews 87(1) 315ndash424
Paetau I Khachik F Brown ED Beecher GR Kramer TR and
Chittams J (1998a) Bioavailability of tomato carotenoids from lycopene-
rich tomato juice and lycopene supplements The FASEB Journal 12(4)
A544minusA
Pan HZ Zhang H Chang D Li H and Sui H (2008) The change of
oxidative stress products in diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy Br J
Ophthalmol 92 548ndash51
Paradis V Perlemuter G Bonvoust F Dargere D Parfait B and
Vidaud M (2001) High glucose and hyperinsulinemia stimulate connective
tissue growth factor expression a potential mechanism involved in
progression to fibrosis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Hepatology 34738ndash
44
Paranjpe P (2001) Indian Medicinal Plants Forgotten Healers A Guide to
Ayurvedic Herbal Medicine Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratisthan Delhi p316
Park CH Yamabe N Noh JS Kang KS Tanaka T Yokozawa T
(2009b) The beneficial effects of morroniside on the inflammatory response
and lipid metabolism in the liver of dbdb mice Biol Pharm Bull 32 1734ndash
1740
Parrotta JA (2006) Healing Plants of Peninsular India CABI Publishing
523ndash524
Patchett AA and Nargund RP (2000) Annu Rep Med Chem 35
289e298
Pauly Nicolas Pucciariello C Mandon K Innocenti G Jamet A
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Peach and Tracey MV (1955) In modern methods of plant analyse 4
373-374
Perez C Canal JR and Torres MD (2003) Experimental diabetes treated
with Ficus carica extract effect on oxidative stress parameters Acta
Diabetologica 40 3ndash8
Perez-Amador MC Ocotero VM Castaneda JMG and Esquinca
ARG (2007) Alkaloids in Solanum torvum Sw (Solanaceae) International
Journal of Experimental Botany 76 39-45
Perry G Cash AD Srinivas R and Smith MA (2002) Metals and
oxidative homeostasis in Alzheimerlsquos disease Drug Development and
Research 56 293ndash299
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1042
Pignatelli P Pulcinelli FM and Lenti L (1998) Hydrogen Peroxide Is
Involved in Collagen-Induced Platelet Activation Blood 91 (2) 484-490
Pirola L Johnston AM Van Obberghen E (2004) Modulation of insulin
action Diabetologia 47170ndash84
Pitchersky E and Gang DR (2000) Genetics and biochemistry of
secondary metabolites in plants An evolutionary perspective Trends Plant
Sci 5 445-459
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glutathione a cellular protagonist [J] Biochem Pharmacl 66(8) 1499-1503
Prasad K (2010) Effects of vitamin E on serum enzymes and electrolytes in
hypercholesterolemia Molecular Cellular Biochemistry 335 67ndash74
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oxidative damage in rat tissues and its attenuation by dietary sesame oil
Food Chem Toxicol 43 299ndash306
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Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2 289-292
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dehydrogenase in response to cerebral ischemia in rat brain Indian J Clin
Biochem 18 64-70
Rahman NN Khan M and Hasan R (1994) Bioactive components from
Ficus glomerata Pure and Applied Chemistry 66 2287ndash2290
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antihepatotoxic activity of Kamilari a polyherbal formulation J
Ethanopharmacology 91 99-104
Rajkapoor B Anandan R and Jayakar B (2002) Anti-ulcer effect of
Nigella sativa Linn against gastric ulcers in rats Curr Sci 82 177ndash179
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nutraceutical applications of black cumin (Nigella sativa L) an overview
International Journal of Food Science and Technology 42 1208ndash1218
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(Nigella sativa L) coriander (Coriandrum sativum L) and niger (Guizotia
abyssinica Cass) crude seed oils upon stripping Eur J Lipid Sci Technol
106 35ndash43
Randhawa MA and Al-Ghamdi MS (2002) A review of the
pharmacotherapeutic effects of Nigella sativa Pakistan Journal of Medical
Research 41 77ndash83
Rao BR Murugresan T Sinha S Saha BP Pal M and Mandal SC
(2002) Glucose lowering efficacy of Ficus racemosa barks extract in normal
and alloxan diabetic rats Phytotherapy Research 16 590ndash592
Rao CV Arti R Verma M Vijayakumar S Rastogi (2008)
Gastroprotective effect of standardized extract of Ficus glomerata fruit on
experimental gastric ulcers in rats Journal of Ethnopharmacology 115
323ndash326
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brain aging and neurological disorders Indian J Biochem Biophys 46 9ndash15
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
Evans C (1999) Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231ndash1237
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
Evans C (1999) Antioxidant activity applying in an improved radical cation
decolorisation assay Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231-1237
Recknagel RO Glende EA JR Waller RL and Loery K (1982) Lipid
peroxidation ndashBiochemistry measurement and signified in liver cell injury in
toxicology in the liver edited by G L Plea and W R Hewilt (Raven press
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induced response of photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism in higher
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and benzyl adenine and dark- treated graving rice (Oryza sativa) leaves II
Changes in peroxidases activity Plant Cell Physiol 26 987- 994
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710-723
Reitman S Frankel S (1957) Amer JClin Path 2856
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York Plenum Press 279-292
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ed New York Academic
press 6 215-222
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activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids J Free Radic Biol
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Rinella ME Elias MS Smolak RR Fu T Borensztajn J and Green
RM (2008) Mechanisms of hepatic steatosis in mice fed a lipogenic
methionine choline-deficient diet J Lipid Res 491068ndash76
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efficacies of Cassia fistula An Indian labrum African Journal of Pharmacy
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Roberts CK Barnard RJ Sindhu RK Jurczak M Ehdaie A and
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and antioxidant enzymes in diet-induced metabolic syndrome Metabolism
55 928ndash934
Robertson G Leclercq I and Farrell GC (2001) Nonalcoholic steatosis
and steatohepatitis II Cytochrome P-450 enzymes and oxidative stress
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Romeo S Sentinelli F Dash S Yeo GS Savage DB Leonetti F
Capoccia D Incani M Maglio C Iacovino M OlsquoRahilly S and Baroni
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Antioxidant properties of polyphenol-containing extract from soybean
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Rosenberg HR (1992) Chemistry and Physiology of the citamins Inter
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Carlos J Pirolab and Silvia Sookoiana (2009) Losartan reduces liver
expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in a high fat-induced
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Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 63(3) 127minus133
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Sagi Y and Youdim MBH (2008) The neuroprotective effect of
ladostigil against hydrogen peroxide-mediated cytotoxicity Chem-Biol
Interact 175 318ndash26
Sahai A Malladi P Melin-Aldana H Green RM and Whitington PF
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antioxidant activities of various solvent extracts of Carissa opaca fruits
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Sairam K Rao ChV Babu MD Kumar V Agarwal VK and Goel
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Sanyal AJ (2002) GA technical review on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Gastroenterology 123 1705ndash1725
Sanyal AJ Campbell-Sargent C Mirshahi F Rizzo WB Contos MJ
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Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis association of insulin resistance and
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22- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method Food Chemistry 112 654ndash658
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Scott MD Lubin BH Zuo L and Kuypers FA (1991) Erythrocyte
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Sharma SK and Gupta VK (2008) PHCOG MAGRearch article In vitro
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Antioxidative properties of xanthan on the autoxidation of soybean oil in
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Shimizu MH Araujo M Borges SM De Tolassa EM and Seguro
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Shukla R Gupta S Gambhir JK Prabhu KM and Murthy PS (2004)
Antioxidant effect of aqueous extract of the bark of Ficus bengalensis in
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Phytochemical and antioxidant characterization of Hypericum perforatum
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Singanan V Singana M and Begum H (2007) The hepatoprotective
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International J Science and Technology 2(2) 83-92
Singh M Govindarajan R Nath V Singh RAK and Mehrotra S
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Ethanopharamacology 107 67-72
Singh R Wang Y Schattenberg JM Xiang Y and Czaja MJ (2009)
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Singh SP Nayak S and Swain M (2004) Prevalence of non-alcoholic
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Sirisha N Sreenivasulu M Sangeeta K and Madhusudhana Chetty C
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Smirnoff N (2001) ―L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis Vitam Horm 61 241-
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Smirnoff N Cumbes QJ (1989) Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of
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Solga S Alkhuraishe AR and Clark JM (2004) Dietary composition
and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Dig Dis Sci 491578ndash83
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saponin of yam (Dioscorea spp) on high-cholesterol fed rats Bioscience
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Song BJ Moon KH and Olsson NU (2008) Prevention of alcoholic
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Song Y Manson JE Buring JE Sesso HD and Liu S (2005) J Am
Coll Nutr 24 376e384
Sookoian S Castanlsquoo GO Burguenlsquoo AL Gianotti TF Risselli MS
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Spolarics Z and Meyenhofer M (2000) Augmented resistance to oxidative
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curcuminoids Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 49 105ndash107
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Stadlbauer V Fickert P Lackner C Schmerlaib J Krisper P Trauner
M and Stauber RE (2005) Hepatotoxicity of NONI juice Report of two
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Stanner SA Hughes J Kelly CN and Buttriss JA (2004) Review of
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Stickel F and Schuppan D (2007) Herbal medicine in the treatment of
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Med Hypotheses 60 567-572
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Theilmann L (1994) Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on liver and bile duct
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Sudhahar V Kumar SA and Varalakshmi P (2006) Role of lupeol and
lupeol linoleate on lipemicndashoxidative stress in experimental
hypercholesterolemia Life Science 78 1329ndash1335
Sun Q Ma J Campos H Hankinson SE Manson JE and Stampfer
MJ (2007) A prospective study of trans fatty acids in erythrocytes and risk
of coronary heart disease Circulation 115 1858ndash1865
Sun WY Wei W Wu L Gui SY and Wang H (2007) Effects and
mechanisms of extract from Paeonia lactiflora and Astragalus
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Ethanopharmacol 112 514-524
Suntress ZA and Sheck PN (1995) Prevention of lung injury by
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Suresh PS Kumar A Kumar R and Singh VP (2008) An in silico
[correction of insilico] approach to bioremediation laccase as a case study
J Mol Graph Model 26 (5) 845ndash9 doi101016jjmgm200705005
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Swanr JC and Connor WE (1975) Hypercholesterolemia of total
starvation its mechanism via tissue mobilization of cholesterol
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Szczeklik A Gryglewski RJ Domagala B Dworski R and Basista M
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Szeto YT Tomlinson B and Benzie IF (2002) Total antioxidant and
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Tapondjou AL Miyamoto T Mirjolet JF Guilbaud N and Lacaille-
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pursaetha Journal of Natural Products 68 1185ndash1190
Targher G Bertolini L Padovani R Poli F Scala L Zenari L
Zoppini G and Falezza G (2006) Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is
associated with carotid artery wall thickness in diet-controlled type 2 diabetic
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critical role of free radicals London
Teli MR James OF Burt AD Bennett MK and Day CP (1995)
The natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver a follow-up study
Hepatology 22 1714ndash1719
Tetri LH Basaranoglu M Brunt EM Yerian LM and Neuschwander-
Tetri BA (2008) Severe NAFLD with hepatic necroinflammatory changes
in mice fed trans fats and a high-fructose corn syrup equivalent Am J
Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 295 G987ndashG995
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varieties cumin black cumin and bitter cumin on antioxidant systems Eur
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Tietge UJ Boker KH Bahr MJ Weinberg S Pichlmayr R Schmidt
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Tilak Khanal Jae Ho Choi Yong Pil Hwang Young Chul Chung Hye
Gwang Jeong (2009) Protective effects of saponins from the root of
Platycodon grandiflorum against fatty liver in chronic ethanol feeding via the
activation of AMP-dependent protein kinase Food and Chemical
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Ting LP (1982) Plant physiology Addison Wesley Services in Life
Sciences New York USA
Tiwari O P and Tripathi Y B (2007) Antioxidant properties of different
fractions of Vitex negundo Linn Food Chemistry 100 1170ndash1176
Toledo FGS Sniderman AD and Kelley DE (2006) Influence of
hepatic steatosis (fatty liver) on severity and composition of dyslipidemia in
type 2 diabetes Diabetes Care 29 1845ndash50
Tomomichi Chonan Hiroaki Tanaka Daisuke Yamamoto Miyoko Yashiro
Takahiro Oi Daisuke Wakasugi Ayumi Ohoka-Sugita Fusayo Io Hiroko
Koretsune Akira Hiratate (2010) Design and synthesis of disubstituted (4-
piperidinyl)-piperazine derivatives as potent acetyl-CoA carboxylase
inhibitors Bioorganic amp Medicinal Chemistry Letters 20 3965ndash3968
Townsend KL Lorenzi MM and Widmaier EP (2008) High-fat diet-
induced changes in body mass and hypothalamic gene expression in wild-
type and leptindeficient mice Endocrine 33 176ndash188
Trenam CW Blake DR and Morris CJ (1992) Skin inflammation
reactive Oxygen Species and the role of iron Journal of Investigation
Dermatology 99 675-682
Trinder P (1969) Ann Clin Biochem 6 24
Trivedi CP Shinde S and Sharma RC (1969) Preliminary
phytochemical and pharmacological studies on Ficus racemosa extract
(Gular) Indian J Med Res 57 (6) 1070ndash1074
Tuck KL and Hayball PJ (2002) Major phenolic compounds in olive oil
metabolism and health effects Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 13 636ndash
644
Tundis R Bonesi M Deguin B Loizzo MR Menichini F Conforti F
and Menichini F (2009) Cytotoxic activity and inhibitory effect on nitric
oxide production of triterpene saponins from the roots of Physospermum
verticillatum (Waldst and Kit) (Apiaceae) Bioorganic and Medicinal
Chemistry 17 4542ndash4547
Uchida K (2003) 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal a product and mediator of
oxidative stress Prog Lipid Res 42 318-343
Upadhyay RK Pandey MB Jha RN and Pandey VB (2001)
Eclalbatin triterpine saponins from Eclipta alba J Asian Nat Prod Res 3
213-217
Upasani CD and Balaraman R (2001) Effect of vitamin e vitamin C and
spirulina on the levels of membrane bound enzymes and lipids in some
organs of rats exposed to lead Indian J Pharm 33 185-191
Urmila Thatte (2004) Challenges in clinical research on Herbs Indian
JNat Prod 19 (1) 35-36
Urquiaga I and Leighton F (2000) Plant polyphenol antioxidants and
oxidative stress Biol Res Biol 33(2) 55ndash64
Ur-Rahman A Sohail M Ahmed S Iqbal Choudhary M and Ur-
Rahman H (1985) Heterocycles 23 953ndash955
Valko M Leibfritz D Moncol J Cronin MT Mazur M and Telser J
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human disease International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology 39
44ndash84
Valko M Rhodes CJ Moncol J Izakovic M and Mazur M (2006)
Free radicals metals and antioxidants in oxidative stress-induced cancer
Chem-Biol Interact 10 1ndash40
Van den Berg R Haenen GRMM Van den Berg H and Bast A
(1999) Applicability of an improved Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity
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Varela-Rey M Embade N Ariz U Lu SC Mato JM and Martinez-
Chantar ML (2009) Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and animal models
Understanding the human disease The International Journal of Biochemistry
and Cell Biology 41 969ndash976
Venkat Ratnam D Ankolaa D Bhardwaja V Sahanaa DK and Ravi
Kumar MNV (2007) Role of antioxidants in prophylaxis and therapy a
pharmaceutical perspective Journal of Controlled Release 113(3) 189-207
Venukumar MR and Latha MS (2004) Effect of Coscinium fenestratum
on hepatotoxicity in rats Indian J of Exp Bio 42 792-97
Verma A Vijayakumar M Chandana V Rao Chandra S and Mathela
(2010) In vitro and In vivo antioxidant properties and DNA damage
protective activity of green fruit of Ficus glomerata Food and Chemical
Toxicology 48 704ndash709
Verma S and Singh SP (2008) Current and future status of herbal
medicines Vet World 1 347ndash50
Vetelainen R van Vliet A and vcan Gulik TM (2007) Essential
pathogenic and metabolic differences in steatosis induced by choline or
methionine-choline deficient diets in a rat model J Gastroenterol Hepatol
221526-1533
Vichnvetskaia KD and Roy DN (2001) Oxidative stress and
antioxidative defence with an emphasis on plants antioxidants Environ Rev
7 31-35
Videla LA Rodrigo R Orellana M Fernandez V Tapia G Quintildeones
L Varela N Contreras J Lazarte R Csendes A Rojas J Maluenda
F Burdiles P Diaz JC Smok G Thielemann L and Poniachik J
(2004) Oxidative stress-related parameters in the liver of non-alcoholic fatty
liver disease patients Clin Sci (Lond) 106 261-268
Villanova N Moscatiello S and Ramillis S (2005) Endothelial
dysfunction and cardiovascular risk profile in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Am J Gastroenterol 99 1497ndash1502
Vinson JA Zubik L Bose P Samman N Proch J (2005) Dried fruits
excellent invitro and in vivo antioxidants Journal of the American College of
Nutrition 24 44ndash50
Viuda-Martos M Navajas Y R Zapata E S Fernandez-Lopez J and
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Yang H Roberts LJ Jian Shi M Chun Zhou Li Ballard BR
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Yang JS Lee SJ Park HW and Cha YS (2006) Effect of genistein
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high-fat dietndashinduced dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress A microarray
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Cave M Deaciuc I Mendez C Song Z Joshi-Barve S and Barve S
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Chatterjee TK (2000) Medicinal plants with hepatoprotective properties in
Herbal Options 3rd
Edition (Books amp Allied (P) Ltd Calcutta) 135
Chaudary SA Tayyab M and Ditta A (1996) Serum Lipid Profile in
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Cheikh Rouhou S Hentati B Besbes S Blecker C Deroanne C and
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Aleppo Pine (Pinus halepensis Mill) seeds cultivated in Tunisia Food
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Cytotoxic triterpenes from the aerial roots of Ficus microcarpa
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Choudhury J and Sanyal AJ (2004) Insulin resistance and the
pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Clin Liver Dis 8575ndash94
Cioffi G Dal Piaz F De Caprariis P Sanego R Marzocco S Autore
G and De Tommasi N (2006) Antiproliferative triterpene saponins from
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Clarke SD (2001) Nonalcoholic steatosis and steatohepatitis I Molecular
mechanism for polyunsaturated fatty acid regulation of gene transcription
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 281 G865ndash869
Comalada MD CAmuesco S Sierra I Ballester J Xaus J Galvez and
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of quercitin which inhibits inflammation through down-regulation of the Nf-
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cardioprotective effects and dietary sources Nutr Biochem 7 66-76
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Craig WJ (1970) Health-promoting properties of common herbs Am J
Clin Nutr 70(3 suppl) 491Sndash499S
Crespo J Cayon A and Pons-Romero F (2004) Pathogenesis of non-
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Cronan JE Jr and Waldrop GL (2002) Multi-subunit acetyl-CoA
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Hodder Arnold London 426
Cross CE Halliwell B Borish ET Pryor WA Ames BN Saul RL
McCord JM and Harman D (1987) Oxygen radicals and human disease
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Cross CE Reznick AZ Packer L Davis PZ SuzukiYJ and
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Cui W Chen SL and Hu KQ (2010) Quantification and mechanisms of
oleic acid induced steatosis in HepG2 cells Am J Transl Res 2 95-104
Czakoacute L Szabolcs A Vajda A Csaacuteti S Venglovecz V and
Rakonczay Z (2007) Hyperlipidaemia induced by a cholesterol-rich diet
aggravates necrotizing pancreatitis in rats European Journal of
Pharmacology 572 74ndash81
Daba MH and Abdel-Rahman MS (1998) Hepatoprotective activity of
thymoquinone in isolated rat hepatocytes Toxicology Letters 95 23ndash29
Dandona P Aljada A Chaudhuri A Mohanty P and Rajesh G (2004)
Metab Syndr RelatDisord 2 2e8
Daniel RS Mathew BC Devi KS and Augusti KT (1998) Antioxidant
effect of two flavonoids from the bark of Ficus bengalensis Linn in
hyperlipidemic rats Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 36 902ndash906
Das S Vasisht S Das SN and Srivastava LM (2000) Correlation
between total antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in
hypercholesterolaemia Current Science 78 486ndash487
Das U (2002) A radical approach to cancer Med Sci Monit 8 RA79ndash92
Day CP James O (1998) Steatohepatitis a tale of two hits
Gastroenterology 114 842-5
De Jong N Plat J and Mensink RP (2003) Metabolic effects of plant
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Encapsulation of natural antioxidants extracted from Ilex paraguariensis
Carbohydrate Polymers 71 126ndash134
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inhibition of Listeria spp by vanillin and vanillic acid Journal of Food
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Delazar A Reid RG and Sarker SD (2004) GC-MS analysis of the
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of Natural compounds 40(1) 4-27
Denechaud PD Dentin R Girard J and Postic C (2008) Role of
ChREBP in hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance FEBS Lett 58268ndash73
Deng J Wangyuan Cheng and Guangzhong Yang (2011) A novel
antioxidant activity index (AAU) for natural products using the DPPH assay
Food Chemistry 125 1430ndash1435
Dentin R Girard J and Postic C (2005) Carbohydrate responsive element
binding protein (ChREBP) and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c
(SREBP-1c) two key regulators of glucose metabolism and lipid synthesis in
liver Biochime 8781ndash6
Devasagayam TPA Kamat JP and Sreejayan N (2001) Antioxidant
action of curcumin In micronutrients and health Molecular Biological
Mechanisms (eds Nesartnam K And Packer L) AOCS Press Champaign
IL USA 42-59
Di Carlo G Mascolo N and Izzo AA (1999) Flavonoids old and new
aspects of a class of natural therapeutic drugs Life Sci 65 337-53
Di Majo D Giammanco M La Guardia M Tripoli E Giammanco S
and Finotti E (2005) Flavonones in citrus fruit Structure-antioxidant
activity relationships Food Research International 38 1161-1166
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endothelial function is prevented by CuZn superoxide dismutase
overexpression Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 25 90ndash95
Diehl AM (2003) Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis pathogenesis In Arroyo
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Diseases Barcelona Medicina STM Editores 227-32
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tubers isolation characterization quantification and antioxidant properties
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reesterification in triglycerides secretion and in FFA reesterification Am J
Physiol 274 E321ndashE327
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AM Nardo B Principe A Viola A Trevisani F Altomare E
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ischemia-reperfusion is modulated by nutritional status Dig Liver Dis 37
689ndash697
Donnelly KL Smith CI Schwarzenberg SJ Jessurun J Boldt MD
and Parks EJ (2005) Sources of fatty acids stored in liver and secreted via
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Drager BJ (2002) Analysis of tropane and related alkaloids
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activity J Clin Invest103 253
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Prevalence costs and patterns of use New Engl J Med 32 246-252
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radical scavenging properties of lignans Organic and Bimolecular
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Ekstedt M Franzeacuten LE Mathiesen UL Thorelius L Holmqvist M
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NAFLD and elevated liver enzymes Hepatology 44 865ndash873
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NADPH supported oxidase activity and lipid peroxidation dependent on
ethanol-inducible cytochrome P-450 (P-450 IIE1) Biochem Pharmacol 38
1313ndash9
El-Dakhakhny M Mady NI and Halim M (2000) Nigella sativa L oil
protects against induced hepatotoxicity and improves serum lipid profile in
rats Arzneimittelforschung 50 832ndash836
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Emery MG Fisher JM and Chien JY (2003) CYP2E1 activity before
and after weight loss in morbidly obese subjects with nonalcoholic fatty
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expression of hepatic CYP2E1 and CYP4A in obese diabetic obob mice
and fafa Zucker rats Biochim Biophys Res Commun 255 300ndash 6
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biochemistry of 4-hydroxynonenal malonaldehyde and related aldehydes
Free Radical Biology amp Medicine 11 (1) 81ndash128
Evans P and Halliwell B (1999) Free radicals and hearing Cause
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Fan JG Zhu J and Li XJ (2005) Fatty liver and the metabolic syndrome
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Fang YZ Yang S and Wu G (2002) Free radicals antioxidants and
nutrition Nutrition 18 872-879
Fardet A Llorach R Martin JF Besson C Lyan B Pujos-Guillot E
and Scalbert A (2008) Aliquid chromatographyndashquadrupole time-of-flight
(LCndashQTOF)-based metabolomic approach reveals new metabolic effects of
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Farrel GC Larter CZ (2006) Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease from
steatosis to cirrhosis Hepatology 43S99ndash112
Feig M Onufriev A Lee MS Im W Case DA and Brooks CL
(2004) Performance comparison of generalized born and Poisson methods
in the calculation of electrostatic solvation energies for protein structures
Journal of Computational Chemistry 25 (2) 265ndash84 doi101002jcc10378
PMID 14648625
Feldstein AEWerneburg NW Canbay A Guicciardi ME Bronk
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promote hepatic lipotoxicity by stimulating TNF-alpha expression via a
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Ferannini E Natalie A and Bell P (1997)Insulin resistance and
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Medicine 3 119-123
Francis G Kerem Z Makkar HPS and Becker K (2002) The
biological action of saponins in animal systems a review British Journal of
Nutrition 88 587ndash605
Frei B and Higdon JV (2003) Antioxidant activity of tea polyphenols in
vivo evidence from animal studies J Nutr 133 3275Sndash84S
Fromenty B Robin MA Igoudjil A Mansouri A and Pessayre D
(2004) The ins and outs of mitochondrial dysfunction in NASH Diabetes amp
Metabolism 30 121ndash138
Fruhwirth GO Loidl A and Hermetter A (2007) Oxidized
phospholipids From molecular properties to disease Biochem Biophys
Acta 1772 718-736
Fryer MJ (1992) The antioxidant effects of thyla Vit E Plant cell Environ
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Ganapathy S (2004) Emerging strategy in the study of natural products
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Germano MP Sanogo R Costa C Fulco R Ando DV Torrel EA
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Girish S Achliya Sudhir Wadodkar G Avinash and Dorle K (2004)
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adipocytes and vascular function J Clin Endocrinol Metab 892563ndash2568
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body fat Physiol Behav 94 164ndash8
Grattagliano I Caraceni P Calamita G Ferri D Gargano I Palasciano
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and oxidative stress in rats Eur J Clin Invest 38 523-530
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Liver 40th
di Elsevier 1858
Green RM and Flamm S (2002) AGA Technical review of evaluation of
liver chemistry tests Gasteroenteerology 123 1367-1384
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beta cell function clinical significance and underlying mechanisms Mol
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Guumllccedilin I Mshvildadze V Gepdiremen A and Elias R (2004)
Antioxidant activity of saponins isolated from ivy a-hederin hederasaponin-
C hederacolchiside-E and hederacolchiside-F Planta Medica 70 561ndash563
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antioxidant activity of a triterpenoid glycoside isolated from the berries of
Hedera colchica 3-O-(b-D-glucopyranosyl)-hederagenin Phytotherapy
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FRAP assay Nutrition Research 23 1719ndash1726
Gupta R and Misra A (2007) Type 2 diabetes in India regional
disparities Br J Diab Vasc Dis 7(1)12ndash6
Gurumoorthy V Hindu Jan-23rd 2011
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superoxide in inflammation and immune regulation Journal of Physiology
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Two new biologically active triterpenoidal saponins acylated with salicylic
acid from Albizia adianthifolia Journal of Natural Products 66 372ndash377
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and hepatoprotective effects of silibinin in a rat model of nonalcoholic
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Halliwell B (1993) The role of oxygen radicals in human disease with
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Halliwell B (2002) Effect of diet on cancer development is oxidative DNA
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Halliwell B Aeschbach R Loliger J and Aruoma OI (1995) The
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Hansson A Zelada JC and Noriega HP (2005) Revaluations of risks
with the use of Ficus insipid latex as a traditional anthelmintic remedy in the
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Harrison P Degen SJ Williams R and Farzaneh F (1994) Hepatic
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Harvey AL (2008) Drug Discov Today 13 894e901
Harwood H J Jr Petras SF Shelly LD Zaccaro LM Perry DA
Makowski MR Hargrove DM Martin KA Tracey WR Chapman
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and Eisenbeis SA (2003) J Biol Chem 278 37099
Harwood H J Jr (2004) Acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibition for the
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Hedge K Joshi AB (2009) Hepatoprotective effect of Carissa carandus
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Heibatollah S Reza NM Izadpanah G and Sohailla S (2008)
Hepatoprotective effect of Cichorium intybus on CCl4 induced liver damage
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Heuman DM Pandak WM Hylemon PB and Vlahzevic ZR (1991)
Conjugates of ursodeoxycholate protect against cytotoxicity of more
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Higuchi N Kato M and Shundo Y (2008) LiverXreceptor in cooperation
with SREBP-1c is a major lipid synthesis regulator in nonalcoholic fatty
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Hileman EO Liu J Albitar M Keating MJ and Huang P (2004)
Intrinsic oxidative stress in cancer cells a biochemical basis for therapeutic
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a causal role in multiple forms of insulin resistance Nature 440944ndash8
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Hu C and Kitts DD (2005) Dendelion (Taraxacum officinale) flower
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Inzucchi SE (2002) Oral antihyperglycemic therapy for type 2 diabetes
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Iovin Nicole M Seema Pursnani Voldman A Wasserman G Blaser
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Ismail M Ghanya Al-Naqeep Kim Wei Chan (2010) Nigella sativa
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and expression of antioxidant genes in hypercholesterolemic rats Free
Radical Biology amp Medicine 48 664ndash672
Itagaki S Kurokawa T Nakata C Saito Y Oikawa S Kobayashi T
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Jain S Dixit Malviya N and Ambawata V (2009) Antioxidant and
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James O and Day C (1999) Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis another disease
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Joven J Rull A Ferreacute N Escolagrave-Gil JC Marsillach J Coll B
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Kallwitz ER McLachlan A and Cotler SJ (2008) Role of peroxisome
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Kamal-Eldin A and Appelqvist LA (1996) The chemistry and antioxidant
properties of tocopherols and tocotrienols Lipids 31 671-701
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Kantartzis K Peter A Machicao F Machann J Wagner S
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Kappus H (1991) Lipid peroxidation-mechanism and biological relevance
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Kataria M and Singh LN (1997) Hepatoprotective effect of Liv-52 and
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Katina K Arendt E Liukkonen KH Autio K Flander L and Poutanen
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Kaufmann (1999) National products of high pharmacological potency
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Kechagias S Ernersson A Dahlqvist O Lundberg P Lindstrom T and
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Kelloff GJ Boone CW Crowell JA Steele VE Lubet RA Doody
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Khan MS Nema N Kharya MD and Khanam S (2009)
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Khan N and Sultana ST (2005) Chemomodulatory effect of Ficus
racemosa extract against chemically induced renal carcinogenesis and
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Kim YS Bahn KN Hah CK Gang HI and Ha YL (2008)
Inhibition of 712-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene induced mouse skin
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Kim YY Kang HJ Ko SK and Chung SH (2002) Sopungsungiwon
(SP) prevents the onset of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in Zucker
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King J (1965a) The hydrolases-acid and alkaline phosphatise In Practical
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King J (1965b) The dehydrogenase or oxidoreductase-Lactate
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Nature reviews Drug discovery 3(11) 935ndash49 doi101038nrd1549
PMID 15520816
Kiyici M Gulten M Gurel S Nak SG Dolar E and Savci G (2003)
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Koek GH et al Clinica Chimica Acta xxx (2011) xxxndashxxx Koek GH et
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Koumlksal E Guumllccedilin İ Ozturk Sarıkaya S B and Bursal E (2009) In vitro
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Koneacute WM Atindehou KK Terreaux C Hostettmann K Traoreacute D
and Dosso M (2004) Traditional medicine in North Cocircte-DlsquoIvoire
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Koppe SW Elias M Moseley RH and Green RM (2009) Trans fat
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insulin resistance compared with a standard murine high-fat diet Am J
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Korchak HM (1962) Regulation of hepatic lipogenesis Tufts Folia Med
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Kordali S Cakir A Mavi A Kilic H and Yildirim A (2005) Screening
of chemical composition and antifungal and antioxidant activities of the
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and Food Chemistry 53 1408ndash1416
Koruk M Savascedil MC Yilmaz O Tayscedil iS Karakok M Guumlndolsquogdu C
and Yilmaz A (2003) Serum lipids lipoproteins and apolipoproteins levels
in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Journal of Clinical
Gastroenterology 37 177ndash182
Kotani K Peroni OD Minokoshi Y Boss O and Kahn BB (2004)
GLUT4 glucose transporter deficiency increases hepatic lipid production and
peripheral lipid utilization J Clin Invest 114 1666ndash1675
Koteish A and Diehl AM (2002) Animal models of steatohepatitis Best
Kotronen A Seppanen-Laakso T and Westerbacka J (2009) Hepatic
stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD)-1 activity and diacylglycerol but not
ceramide concentrations are increased in the nonalcoholic human fatty liver
Diabetes 58(1) 203ndash8
Kowdley KV (2000) Ursodeoxycholic acid therapy in hepatobiliary
disease Am J Med 108 481ndash486
Kraegen EW Clark PW Jenkins AB Daley EA Chisholm DJ and
Storlien LH (1991) Development of muscle insulin resistance after liver insulin
resistance in high-fat-fed rats Diabetes 40 1397 ndash 1403
Kresge N Simoni RD and Hill RL (2006) Forty years of superoxide
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Krishnamoorthy V Divianathan S Subramanian B and Shanmugam M
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7 330-338
Kroumltz F Sohn HY and Gloe T (2002) Oxidase-dependent platelet
superoxide anion release incrj5eases platelet recruitment Blood 100 917-
924
Kulinski A Vance DE and Vance JE (2004) A choline-deficient diet in
mice inhibits neither the CDP-choline pathway for phosphatidylcholine
synthesis in hepatocytes nor apolipoprotein B secretion J Biol Chem 279
23916-23924
Kumar G Sharmila Banu G Kannan V and Rajasekarapandian M
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Lansky EP Helena M Paavilainena Alison D Pawlus B Robert A
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Le PM Benhaddou-Andaloussi A Elimadi A Settaf A Cherrah Y
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Polyunsaturated fat in the methionine-choline-deficient diet influences
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Dietary carvacrol lowers body weight gain but improves feed conversion in
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Lieber CS Leo MA Mak KM Xu Y Cao Q Ren C
Ponomarenko A and DeCarli LM (2004) Model of nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 79(3) 502ndash509
Lin J Yang R Tarr PT Wu PH Handschin C and Li S (2005)
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HO in vitro and in vivo Free Radical Biology and Medicine 16 29ndash36
Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Instructorlsquos Resource Parthlsquos
Pathophysiology Concepts of Altered Health States Seventh edition 2008
Liu C H Hung M T and Huang P C (1995) Source of triacylglycerol
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Liu F and Ng TB (2000) Antioxidative and free radical scavenging
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Liu F Ooi VEC and Chang S T (1997) Free radical scavenging
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Liu L and Meydani M (2002) Combined vitamin C and E
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Lopez-Avila V L and A and Yefchak G (2009) Use of GC-QTOF MS to
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Lopez-Garcia E Schulze MB Meigs JB Manson JE Rifai N and
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Louchami K Zhang Y Oguzhan B Delporte C Portois L and
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Lyon CJ Law RE and Hsueh WA (2003) Minireview adiposity
inflammation and atherogenesis Endocrinology 144 2195ndash2200
Mabrouk GM Moselhy SS Zohny SF Ali EM Helal TE Amin
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Clinical Cancer Research 21 (3) 341ndash346
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Mahmoud MR El-Abhar HS and Saleh S (2002) The effect of Nigella
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in mice Journal of Ethnopharmacology 79 1ndash11
Makino I Shinozaki K Yoshino K and Nakagawa S (1975)
Dissolution of cholesterol gallstones by long-term administration of
ursodeoxycholic acid Nippon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi 72 690ndash702
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Medicinal Plant 4(4) 510-518
Manco M Calvani M and Mingrone G (2004) Effects of dietary fatty
acids on insulin sensitivity and secretion Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism
6 402ndash413
Manian R Anusuya N Siddhuraju P and Manian S (2008) The
antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging potential of two different
solvent extracts of Camellia sinensis (L) O Kuntz Ficus bengalensis L and
Ficus racemosa L Food Chemistry 107 1000ndash1007
Marchand LL Murphy SP Hankin JH Wilkens LR Kolonel LN
(2000) J Natl Cancer Inst 92 154
Marchesini G Bugianesi E Forlani G Cerrelli F Lenzi M Manini
R Natale S Vanni E Villanova N Melchionda N and Rizzetto M
(2003) Nonalcoholic fatty liver steatohepatitis and the metabolic syndrome
Hepatology 37 917ndash 923
Mari M Caballero F Colell A Morales A Caballeria J Fernandez
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Mitochondrial free cholesterol loading sensitizes to TNF and Fas-meidated
steatohepatitis Cell Metabolism 4 185ndash198
Marimuthu P Wu CL Chang HT and Chang ST (2008) Antioxidant
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Mariod AA Ibrahim RM Ismail M and Ismail N (2009) Antioxidant
activity and phenolic content of phenolic rich fractions obtained from black
cumin (Nigella sativa) seedcake Food Chemistry 116 306ndash312
Maron DJ (2004) Flavonoids for reduction of atherosclerotic risk Curr
Atheroscler Rep 6 73-78
Marra F Gastaldelli A Svegliati Baroni G Tell G and Tiribelli C
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steatohepatitis Trends Mol Med 14 72ndash81
Mason JS Morize I Menard PR Cheney DL Hulme C and
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Mates JM Perez-Gomez C and Decastro IN (1999) Clin Chem 32
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Matsuzawa N Takamura T Kurita S Misu H Ota T Ando H
Yokoyama M Honda M Zen Y Nakanuma Y Miyamoto K and
Kaneko S (2007) Lipid-induced oxidative stress causes steatohepatitis in
mice fed an atherogenic diet Hepatology 46 1392ndash1403
Matsuzawa Y Shimomura I Nakamura T Keno Y Kotani K and
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Matteoni C Younossi Z Gramlich T Boparai N and Liu Y (1999)
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Matthaei S StumvollM Kellerer M and Haring (2000) Endocr H-U
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Matthew Ricci (2008) NAFLD (Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease) A
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Matthew Cave Ion Deaciuc Christian Mendez Zhenyuan Song Swati
Joshi-Barve Shirish Barve Craig McClain (2007) Nonalcoholic fatty liver
disease predisposing factors and the role of nutrition Journal of Nutritional
Biochemistry 18 184ndash 195
Mavrelis PG Ammon HV Gleysteen JJ Komorowski RA and
Charaf UK (1983) Hepatic free fatty acids in alcoholic liver disease and
morbid obesity Hepatology 3 226ndash231
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Murray KR Graner KD Mayes AP and Rodwell WV Harperlsquos
Biochemistry Chap 53 Prentice-Hall International Inc 23rd
edition 588-
590
Mazur A Bayle D Lab C Rock E and Rayssiguier Y (1999)
Inhibitory effect of procyanidin-rich extracts on LDL oxidation in vitro
Atherosclerosis 145 421ndash422
McCay PB (1985) Vitamin E Interactions with free radicals and
ascorbate Ann Rev Nutr 5 323-340
McCullough AJ (2004) The clinical features diagnosis and natural history
of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Clinics in Liver Disease 8 521ndash533
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Assessing potential bioavallability of raspberry anthocyanins using an in
vitro digestion system Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53(15)
5896minus5904
Mehta B K Sharma U Pandit V Agrawal S Joshi N and Gupta M
(2008) Med Chem Res 17 462ndash473
Meng EC Shoichet BK and Kuntz ID (2004) Automated docking
with grid-based energy evaluation Journal of Computational Chemistry 13
(4) 505ndash524 doi101002jcc540130412
Merchant JR Bakshi VM and Engineer AB (1979) Chemical
investigation of fruits of Ficus glomerata Roxb Indian J Chem 17B 87ndash88
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Meydani M (2000) Vitamin E and prevention of heart disease in high-risk
patients Nutr Rev 58 278-281
Meyer SA and Kulkarni AP (2001) Hepatotoxicity in Introduction to
biochemical toxicology 3rd
Edition edited by E Hodgson and R C Smart (A
John Wiley amp Sons Inc New York) 487
Mezzetti A Di Ilio C Calafiore AM Aceto A Marzio L Frederici G
and Cuccurullo F (1990) Glutathione peroxidase glutathione reductase and
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523-530
Milagro FI Campioacuten J and Martiacutenez JA (2006) Weight gain induced
by high-fat feeding involves increased liver oxidative stress Obesity (Silver
Spring) 14 1118ndash1123
Miliauskas G Venskutonis PR and Van Beek TA (2004) Screening of
radical scavenging activity of some medicinal and aromatic plant extracts
Food Chemistry 85 231ndash237
Ming M Guanhua L Zhanhai Y Guang C and Xuan Z (2009) Effect
of the Lycium barbarum polysaccharides administration on blood lipid
metabolism and oxidative stress of mice fed high-fat diet in vivo Food
Chemistry 113 872ndash877
Misra A Khurana L Vikram NK Goel A and Wasir JS (2007)
Metabolic syndrome in children current issues and South Asian perspective
Nutrition 23(11ndash12)895ndash910
Misra A Misra R Wijesuriya M and Banerjee D (2007) The metabolic
syndrome in south Asians continuing escalation amp possible solutions Indian
J Med Res 125(3)345ndash54
Misra A Vikram NK (2004) Insulin resistance syndrome (metabolic
syndrome) and obesity in Asian Indians Evidence and implications
Nutrition 20482ndash491
Mithra SK Seshadri SJ Venkataranganna MV Gopumadhavan S
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Mohamed and Azza M (2008) The ameliorative actions of Agaricus blazei
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Mohan V (2004) Why are Indians more prone to diabetes J Assoc Phys
India 52468ndash474
Mohan V and Deepa R (2006) Adipocytokines and The expanding Asian
Indian Phenotype J Assoc Physic Ind 54 685-6
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Musso G Gambino R and Cassader M (2009) Recent insights into
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steatohepatitis Hepatology 37 909ndash16
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Nakamoto K Takayama F Mankura M Hidaka Y Egashira T and
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Nanji AA (2004b) Another animal model for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
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Nutrition 79(3) 350ndash351
Nanji AA (2004a) Animal models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and
steatohepatitis Clinics in Liver Disease 8 (3) 559ndash574 (ix)
Neuhouser ML (2004) Flavonoids and cancer risk evidence from human
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Neuschwander-Tetri BA and Caldwell SH (2003) Nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis summary of an AASLD single topic conference Hepatology
371202ndash19
Newman DJ Cragg GM and Snader KM (2000) The influence of
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Nickavar B Mojab F Javidnia K and Amoli M AR (2003) Chemical
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Nsimba R Kikuzaki H and Konishi Y (2008) Antioxidant activity of
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Nzowa LK Barboni L Teponno RB Ricciutelli M Lupidi G Luana
Quassinti L Massimo Bramucci M and Tapondjou LA (2010)
Rheediinosides A and B two antiproliferative and antioxidant triterpene
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Ogbonnia OS Nkemehule EF and Anyika NE (2009) Evaluation of
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(Fam Verbanaceae) extrct in animals Afr J Biotecnol 8(9) 1793-1799
Ogbonnia S Adekunle AA Bosa MK and Enwuru VN (2008)
Evaluation of acute and subacute toxicity of Alstnia congensis Engler
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705
Oguzhan B Sancho V Acitores A Villanueva-Penacarrillo ML
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Okada Y Shibata S Ikekawa T Javellana AMJ and Kamo O (1987)
Entada saponin-III a saponin isolated from the bark of Entada phaseoloides
Phytochemistry 26 2789ndash2796
Okada Y Shibata S Javellana AMJ and Kamo O (1988) Entada
saponins (ES) II and IV from the bark of Entada phaseoloides Chemical and
Pharmaceutical Bulletin 36 1264ndash1269
Olszewska M (2007) Quantitative HPLC analysis of flavonoids and
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Oteiza PI Erlejman AG Verstraeten SV Keen CL and Fraga CG
(2005) Flavonoidndashmembrane interaction a protective role of flavonoids at
the membrane surface Clin Dev Immunol 12 (1) 19ndash25
Owen R W Giacosa A Hull W E Haubner R Spiegelhalder B and
Bartsh H (2000) The antioxidantanticancer potential of phenolic
compounds isolated from olive oil European Journal of Cancer 36 1235ndash
1247
Oyaizu M (1986) Studies on product of browning reaction prepared from
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Ozcan U Cao Q Yilmaz E Lee AH Iwakoshi NN and Ozdelen E
(2004) Endoplasmic reticulum stress links obesity insulin action and type 2
diabetes Science 306457ndash61
Ozturk-Urek R Bozkaya LA and Tarhan L (2001) The effects of some
antioxidant vitamins and trace elements supplemented diets on activities of
SOD CAT GSH-Px and LPO levels in chicken tissues Cell Biochemistry
and Function 19 125ndash132
Pacheco-Alvarez D Solorzano-Vargas RS and Leon-Del-Rio A (2002)
Biotin in metabolism and its relationship tohuman disease Arch Med Res
33 439ndash447
Pacher P Beckman JS and Liaudet L (1997) (Nitric oxide and
peroxynitrite in health and disease Physiol Rev 87 (1) 315ndash424
Pacher P Beckman JS and Liaudet L (2007) Nitric oxide and
peroxynitrite In health and disease Physiological Reviews 87(1) 315ndash424
Paetau I Khachik F Brown ED Beecher GR Kramer TR and
Chittams J (1998a) Bioavailability of tomato carotenoids from lycopene-
rich tomato juice and lycopene supplements The FASEB Journal 12(4)
A544minusA
Pan HZ Zhang H Chang D Li H and Sui H (2008) The change of
oxidative stress products in diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy Br J
Ophthalmol 92 548ndash51
Paradis V Perlemuter G Bonvoust F Dargere D Parfait B and
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tissue growth factor expression a potential mechanism involved in
progression to fibrosis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Hepatology 34738ndash
44
Paranjpe P (2001) Indian Medicinal Plants Forgotten Healers A Guide to
Ayurvedic Herbal Medicine Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratisthan Delhi p316
Park CH Yamabe N Noh JS Kang KS Tanaka T Yokozawa T
(2009b) The beneficial effects of morroniside on the inflammatory response
and lipid metabolism in the liver of dbdb mice Biol Pharm Bull 32 1734ndash
1740
Parrotta JA (2006) Healing Plants of Peninsular India CABI Publishing
523ndash524
Patchett AA and Nargund RP (2000) Annu Rep Med Chem 35
289e298
Pauly Nicolas Pucciariello C Mandon K Innocenti G Jamet A
Baudouin E Herouart D Frendo P and Puppo A (2006) Reactive
oxygen and nitrogen species and glutathione key players in the legume-
Rhizobium symbiosis Journal of Experimental Botany 57 (8) 1769-76
Peach and Tracey MV (1955) In modern methods of plant analyse 4
373-374
Perez C Canal JR and Torres MD (2003) Experimental diabetes treated
with Ficus carica extract effect on oxidative stress parameters Acta
Diabetologica 40 3ndash8
Perez-Amador MC Ocotero VM Castaneda JMG and Esquinca
ARG (2007) Alkaloids in Solanum torvum Sw (Solanaceae) International
Journal of Experimental Botany 76 39-45
Perry G Cash AD Srinivas R and Smith MA (2002) Metals and
oxidative homeostasis in Alzheimerlsquos disease Drug Development and
Research 56 293ndash299
Pietta PG (2000) Flavonoids and antioxidants J Nat Prod 63 1035-
1042
Pignatelli P Pulcinelli FM and Lenti L (1998) Hydrogen Peroxide Is
Involved in Collagen-Induced Platelet Activation Blood 91 (2) 484-490
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action Diabetologia 47170ndash84
Pitchersky E and Gang DR (2000) Genetics and biochemistry of
secondary metabolites in plants An evolutionary perspective Trends Plant
Sci 5 445-459
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glutathione a cellular protagonist [J] Biochem Pharmacl 66(8) 1499-1503
Prasad K (2010) Effects of vitamin E on serum enzymes and electrolytes in
hypercholesterolemia Molecular Cellular Biochemistry 335 67ndash74
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oxidative damage in rat tissues and its attenuation by dietary sesame oil
Food Chem Toxicol 43 299ndash306
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Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2 289-292
Puppo A (1992) Effect of flavonoids on hydroxyl radical formation by
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dehydrogenase in response to cerebral ischemia in rat brain Indian J Clin
Biochem 18 64-70
Rahman NN Khan M and Hasan R (1994) Bioactive components from
Ficus glomerata Pure and Applied Chemistry 66 2287ndash2290
Rajesh MG and Latha MS (2004) Preliminary evaluation of the
antihepatotoxic activity of Kamilari a polyherbal formulation J
Ethanopharmacology 91 99-104
Rajkapoor B Anandan R and Jayakar B (2002) Anti-ulcer effect of
Nigella sativa Linn against gastric ulcers in rats Curr Sci 82 177ndash179
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nutraceutical applications of black cumin (Nigella sativa L) an overview
International Journal of Food Science and Technology 42 1208ndash1218
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(Nigella sativa L) coriander (Coriandrum sativum L) and niger (Guizotia
abyssinica Cass) crude seed oils upon stripping Eur J Lipid Sci Technol
106 35ndash43
Randhawa MA and Al-Ghamdi MS (2002) A review of the
pharmacotherapeutic effects of Nigella sativa Pakistan Journal of Medical
Research 41 77ndash83
Rao BR Murugresan T Sinha S Saha BP Pal M and Mandal SC
(2002) Glucose lowering efficacy of Ficus racemosa barks extract in normal
and alloxan diabetic rats Phytotherapy Research 16 590ndash592
Rao CV Arti R Verma M Vijayakumar S Rastogi (2008)
Gastroprotective effect of standardized extract of Ficus glomerata fruit on
experimental gastric ulcers in rats Journal of Ethnopharmacology 115
323ndash326
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brain aging and neurological disorders Indian J Biochem Biophys 46 9ndash15
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
Evans C (1999) Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231ndash1237
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Evans C (1999) Antioxidant activity applying in an improved radical cation
decolorisation assay Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231-1237
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toxicology in the liver edited by G L Plea and W R Hewilt (Raven press
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induced response of photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism in higher
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and benzyl adenine and dark- treated graving rice (Oryza sativa) leaves II
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710-723
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ed New York Academic
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activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids J Free Radic Biol
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Rinella ME Elias MS Smolak RR Fu T Borensztajn J and Green
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methionine choline-deficient diet J Lipid Res 491068ndash76
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and antioxidant enzymes in diet-induced metabolic syndrome Metabolism
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Capoccia D Incani M Maglio C Iacovino M OlsquoRahilly S and Baroni
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Antioxidant properties of polyphenol-containing extract from soybean
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expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in a high fat-induced
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Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 63(3) 127minus133
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antioxidant activities of various solvent extracts of Carissa opaca fruits
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Gastroenterology 123 1705ndash1725
Sanyal AJ Campbell-Sargent C Mirshahi F Rizzo WB Contos MJ
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Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis association of insulin resistance and
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Antioxidant effect of aqueous extract of the bark of Ficus bengalensis in
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Singh M Govindarajan R Nath V Singh RAK and Mehrotra S
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Sudhahar V Kumar SA and Varalakshmi P (2006) Role of lupeol and
lupeol linoleate on lipemicndashoxidative stress in experimental
hypercholesterolemia Life Science 78 1329ndash1335
Sun Q Ma J Campos H Hankinson SE Manson JE and Stampfer
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Suresh PS Kumar A Kumar R and Singh VP (2008) An in silico
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J Mol Graph Model 26 (5) 845ndash9 doi101016jjmgm200705005
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Tapondjou AL Miyamoto T Mirjolet JF Guilbaud N and Lacaille-
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Targher G Bertolini L Padovani R Poli F Scala L Zenari L
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The natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver a follow-up study
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Tetri LH Basaranoglu M Brunt EM Yerian LM and Neuschwander-
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Tiwari O P and Tripathi Y B (2007) Antioxidant properties of different
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hepatic steatosis (fatty liver) on severity and composition of dyslipidemia in
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Tomomichi Chonan Hiroaki Tanaka Daisuke Yamamoto Miyoko Yashiro
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piperidinyl)-piperazine derivatives as potent acetyl-CoA carboxylase
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induced changes in body mass and hypothalamic gene expression in wild-
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Trivedi CP Shinde S and Sharma RC (1969) Preliminary
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Tundis R Bonesi M Deguin B Loizzo MR Menichini F Conforti F
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Eclalbatin triterpine saponins from Eclipta alba J Asian Nat Prod Res 3
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Upasani CD and Balaraman R (2001) Effect of vitamin e vitamin C and
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Urquiaga I and Leighton F (2000) Plant polyphenol antioxidants and
oxidative stress Biol Res Biol 33(2) 55ndash64
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Valko M Leibfritz D Moncol J Cronin MT Mazur M and Telser J
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Valko M Rhodes CJ Moncol J Izakovic M and Mazur M (2006)
Free radicals metals and antioxidants in oxidative stress-induced cancer
Chem-Biol Interact 10 1ndash40
Van den Berg R Haenen GRMM Van den Berg H and Bast A
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Varela-Rey M Embade N Ariz U Lu SC Mato JM and Martinez-
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Understanding the human disease The International Journal of Biochemistry
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Venkat Ratnam D Ankolaa D Bhardwaja V Sahanaa DK and Ravi
Kumar MNV (2007) Role of antioxidants in prophylaxis and therapy a
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Venukumar MR and Latha MS (2004) Effect of Coscinium fenestratum
on hepatotoxicity in rats Indian J of Exp Bio 42 792-97
Verma A Vijayakumar M Chandana V Rao Chandra S and Mathela
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protective activity of green fruit of Ficus glomerata Food and Chemical
Toxicology 48 704ndash709
Verma S and Singh SP (2008) Current and future status of herbal
medicines Vet World 1 347ndash50
Vetelainen R van Vliet A and vcan Gulik TM (2007) Essential
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Vichnvetskaia KD and Roy DN (2001) Oxidative stress and
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Videla LA Rodrigo R Orellana M Fernandez V Tapia G Quintildeones
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F Burdiles P Diaz JC Smok G Thielemann L and Poniachik J
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Villanova N Moscatiello S and Ramillis S (2005) Endothelial
dysfunction and cardiovascular risk profile in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Am J Gastroenterol 99 1497ndash1502
Vinson JA Zubik L Bose P Samman N Proch J (2005) Dried fruits
excellent invitro and in vivo antioxidants Journal of the American College of
Nutrition 24 44ndash50
Viuda-Martos M Navajas Y R Zapata E S Fernandez-Lopez J and
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spice plants widely used in a Mediterranean diet Flavour and Fragrance
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antioxidative status in human cutaneous lishmaniasis Cell Biochem Funct
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Wakil SJ Stoops JK and Joshi VC (1983) Fatty acid synthesis and its
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Wang J Li J Zou Y Chenga W Lu C Zhang L Gea J Huanga C
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effects of total flavonoids of Litsea coreana leve on hepatic steatosis in rats
fed with high fat diet Journal of Ethnopharmacology 121 54ndash60
Wang K Zhang Y and Yang C (2005) Antioxidant phenolic compounds
from rhizomes of Polygonum paleaceum Journal of Ethnopharmacology
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Wang LF and Zhang HY (2003) A theoretical investigation on DPPH
radical-scavenging mechanism of Edaravone Bioorg Med Chem Lett 13
3789ndash3792
Wang X and Quinn P (1999) Vitamin E and its function in membranes
Prog Lipid Res 38(4) 309-336
Wang Y Beydoun MA Liang L Caballero B and Kumanyika SK
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Cave M Deaciuc I Mendez C Song Z Joshi-Barve S and Barve S
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Cioffi G Dal Piaz F De Caprariis P Sanego R Marzocco S Autore
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Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 281 G865ndash869
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Cross CE Halliwell B Borish ET Pryor WA Ames BN Saul RL
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Pharmacology 572 74ndash81
Daba MH and Abdel-Rahman MS (1998) Hepatoprotective activity of
thymoquinone in isolated rat hepatocytes Toxicology Letters 95 23ndash29
Dandona P Aljada A Chaudhuri A Mohanty P and Rajesh G (2004)
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Daniel RS Mathew BC Devi KS and Augusti KT (1998) Antioxidant
effect of two flavonoids from the bark of Ficus bengalensis Linn in
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between total antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in
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Day CP James O (1998) Steatohepatitis a tale of two hits
Gastroenterology 114 842-5
De Jong N Plat J and Mensink RP (2003) Metabolic effects of plant
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Delazar A Reid RG and Sarker SD (2004) GC-MS analysis of the
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of Natural compounds 40(1) 4-27
Denechaud PD Dentin R Girard J and Postic C (2008) Role of
ChREBP in hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance FEBS Lett 58268ndash73
Deng J Wangyuan Cheng and Guangzhong Yang (2011) A novel
antioxidant activity index (AAU) for natural products using the DPPH assay
Food Chemistry 125 1430ndash1435
Dentin R Girard J and Postic C (2005) Carbohydrate responsive element
binding protein (ChREBP) and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c
(SREBP-1c) two key regulators of glucose metabolism and lipid synthesis in
liver Biochime 8781ndash6
Devasagayam TPA Kamat JP and Sreejayan N (2001) Antioxidant
action of curcumin In micronutrients and health Molecular Biological
Mechanisms (eds Nesartnam K And Packer L) AOCS Press Champaign
IL USA 42-59
Di Carlo G Mascolo N and Izzo AA (1999) Flavonoids old and new
aspects of a class of natural therapeutic drugs Life Sci 65 337-53
Di Majo D Giammanco M La Guardia M Tripoli E Giammanco S
and Finotti E (2005) Flavonones in citrus fruit Structure-antioxidant
activity relationships Food Research International 38 1161-1166
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reesterification in triglycerides secretion and in FFA reesterification Am J
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AM Nardo B Principe A Viola A Trevisani F Altomare E
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689ndash697
Donnelly KL Smith CI Schwarzenberg SJ Jessurun J Boldt MD
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Eisenberg M Kessler RC Foster C Norlock FE Calkins DR and
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Prevalence costs and patterns of use New Engl J Med 32 246-252
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radical scavenging properties of lignans Organic and Bimolecular
Chemistry 21 3336ndash3347
Ekstedt M Franzeacuten LE Mathiesen UL Thorelius L Holmqvist M
Bodemar G and Kechagias S (2006) Long-term follow-up of patients with
NAFLD and elevated liver enzymes Hepatology 44 865ndash873
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NADPH supported oxidase activity and lipid peroxidation dependent on
ethanol-inducible cytochrome P-450 (P-450 IIE1) Biochem Pharmacol 38
1313ndash9
El-Dakhakhny M Mady NI and Halim M (2000) Nigella sativa L oil
protects against induced hepatotoxicity and improves serum lipid profile in
rats Arzneimittelforschung 50 832ndash836
Ellmam GC (1959) Tissue sulfhydryl groups Archives of Biochemistry
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Emery MG Fisher JM and Chien JY (2003) CYP2E1 activity before
and after weight loss in morbidly obese subjects with nonalcoholic fatty
livers disease Hepatology 38 428ndash 35
Enriquez A Leclercq I Farrell GC and Robertson G (1999) Altered
expression of hepatic CYP2E1 and CYP4A in obese diabetic obob mice
and fafa Zucker rats Biochim Biophys Res Commun 255 300ndash 6
Esterbauer H Schaur RJ and Zollner H (1991) Chemistry and
biochemistry of 4-hydroxynonenal malonaldehyde and related aldehydes
Free Radical Biology amp Medicine 11 (1) 81ndash128
Evans P and Halliwell B (1999) Free radicals and hearing Cause
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Fan JG Zhu J and Li XJ (2005) Fatty liver and the metabolic syndrome
among Shanghai adults J Gastroenterol Hepatol 20 1825-32
Fang YZ Yang S and Wu G (2002) Free radicals antioxidants and
nutrition Nutrition 18 872-879
Fardet A Llorach R Martin JF Besson C Lyan B Pujos-Guillot E
and Scalbert A (2008) Aliquid chromatographyndashquadrupole time-of-flight
(LCndashQTOF)-based metabolomic approach reveals new metabolic effects of
catechin in rats fed J Proteome Res 7 2388ndash2398
Farrel GC Larter CZ (2006) Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease from
steatosis to cirrhosis Hepatology 43S99ndash112
Feig M Onufriev A Lee MS Im W Case DA and Brooks CL
(2004) Performance comparison of generalized born and Poisson methods
in the calculation of electrostatic solvation energies for protein structures
Journal of Computational Chemistry 25 (2) 265ndash84 doi101002jcc10378
PMID 14648625
Feldstein AEWerneburg NW Canbay A Guicciardi ME Bronk
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promote hepatic lipotoxicity by stimulating TNF-alpha expression via a
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Ferannini E Natalie A and Bell P (1997)Insulin resistance and
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Medicine 3 119-123
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biological action of saponins in animal systems a review British Journal of
Nutrition 88 587ndash605
Frei B and Higdon JV (2003) Antioxidant activity of tea polyphenols in
vivo evidence from animal studies J Nutr 133 3275Sndash84S
Fromenty B Robin MA Igoudjil A Mansouri A and Pessayre D
(2004) The ins and outs of mitochondrial dysfunction in NASH Diabetes amp
Metabolism 30 121ndash138
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phospholipids From molecular properties to disease Biochem Biophys
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body fat Physiol Behav 94 164ndash8
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Liver 40th
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Guumllccedilin I Mshvildadze V Gepdiremen A and Elias R (2004)
Antioxidant activity of saponins isolated from ivy a-hederin hederasaponin-
C hederacolchiside-E and hederacolchiside-F Planta Medica 70 561ndash563
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antioxidant activity of a triterpenoid glycoside isolated from the berries of
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Gupta R and Misra A (2007) Type 2 diabetes in India regional
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Gurumoorthy V Hindu Jan-23rd 2011
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Hansson A Zelada JC and Noriega HP (2005) Revaluations of risks
with the use of Ficus insipid latex as a traditional anthelmintic remedy in the
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Yonemoto M Ikeda Y Ohwaki K Aragane K Tamai Y Kusunoki
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Harvey AL (2008) Drug Discov Today 13 894e901
Harwood H J Jr Petras SF Shelly LD Zaccaro LM Perry DA
Makowski MR Hargrove DM Martin KA Tracey WR Chapman
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Harwood H J Jr (2004) Acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibition for the
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Hedge K Joshi AB (2009) Hepatoprotective effect of Carissa carandus
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Hepatoprotective effect of Cichorium intybus on CCl4 induced liver damage
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Heuman DM Pandak WM Hylemon PB and Vlahzevic ZR (1991)
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Higuchi N Kato M and Shundo Y (2008) LiverXreceptor in cooperation
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a causal role in multiple forms of insulin resistance Nature 440944ndash8
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Hu C and Kitts DD (2005) Dendelion (Taraxacum officinale) flower
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Iovin Nicole M Seema Pursnani Voldman A Wasserman G Blaser
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Ismail M Ghanya Al-Naqeep Kim Wei Chan (2010) Nigella sativa
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and expression of antioxidant genes in hypercholesterolemic rats Free
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Itagaki S Kurokawa T Nakata C Saito Y Oikawa S Kobayashi T
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Jain S Dixit Malviya N and Ambawata V (2009) Antioxidant and
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James O and Day C (1999) Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis another disease
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Kallwitz ER McLachlan A and Cotler SJ (2008) Role of peroxisome
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Kantartzis K Peter A Machicao F Machann J Wagner S
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Katina K Arendt E Liukkonen KH Autio K Flander L and Poutanen
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Kelloff GJ Boone CW Crowell JA Steele VE Lubet RA Doody
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Khan MS Nema N Kharya MD and Khanam S (2009)
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Khan N and Sultana ST (2005) Chemomodulatory effect of Ficus
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Kim YS Bahn KN Hah CK Gang HI and Ha YL (2008)
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Nature reviews Drug discovery 3(11) 935ndash49 doi101038nrd1549
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Koneacute WM Atindehou KK Terreaux C Hostettmann K Traoreacute D
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Kordali S Cakir A Mavi A Kilic H and Yildirim A (2005) Screening
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Koruk M Savascedil MC Yilmaz O Tayscedil iS Karakok M Guumlndolsquogdu C
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Kotani K Peroni OD Minokoshi Y Boss O and Kahn BB (2004)
GLUT4 glucose transporter deficiency increases hepatic lipid production and
peripheral lipid utilization J Clin Invest 114 1666ndash1675
Koteish A and Diehl AM (2002) Animal models of steatohepatitis Best
Kotronen A Seppanen-Laakso T and Westerbacka J (2009) Hepatic
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ceramide concentrations are increased in the nonalcoholic human fatty liver
Diabetes 58(1) 203ndash8
Kowdley KV (2000) Ursodeoxycholic acid therapy in hepatobiliary
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Kraegen EW Clark PW Jenkins AB Daley EA Chisholm DJ and
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Kresge N Simoni RD and Hill RL (2006) Forty years of superoxide
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Krishnamoorthy V Divianathan S Subramanian B and Shanmugam M
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7 330-338
Kroumltz F Sohn HY and Gloe T (2002) Oxidase-dependent platelet
superoxide anion release incrj5eases platelet recruitment Blood 100 917-
924
Kulinski A Vance DE and Vance JE (2004) A choline-deficient diet in
mice inhibits neither the CDP-choline pathway for phosphatidylcholine
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Kumar G Sharmila Banu G Kannan V and Rajasekarapandian M
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Kumar V Rani A Dixit A K Pratap D and Bhatnagar D (2010) A
comparative assessment of total phenolic content ferric reducing-anti-
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content in soybean with varying seed coat colour Food Research
International 43 323minus328
Kumpulainen JT and Salonen JT (1999) Natural Antioxidants and
Anticarcinogens in Nutrition Health and Disease the Royal Society of
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Kuo YH and Li YC (2000) Four new compounds ficusal
ficusesquilignan A B and ficusolide diacetate from the heartwood of Ficus
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Kuriakose GC and Kurup GM (2008) Antioxidant activity of Aulosira
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59
Kurian GA and Paddikkala J (2009) Administration of aqueous extract of
Desmodium gangeticum (L) root protects rat heart against ischemic
reperfusion injury induced oxidative stress Indian J Exp Biol 47 129ndash35
Labhal A Settaf A Bennani N Cherrah Y Slaoui A and Hassar M
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le rat des sables Caduceacutee 27 26ndash28
Labhal A Settaf A Zalagh F Cherrah Y Hassar M and Slaoui A
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Meriones shawi obegravese et diabeacutetique Espeacuterance Meacutedicale 47 72ndash74
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Lagiou P Samoli E and Lagiou A (2004) Intake of specific flavonoid
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Lai LS Chan ST and Chao WW (2001) Studies on the antioxidative
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963-968
Lansky EP Helena M Paavilainena Alison D Pawlus B Robert A
and Newmana B (2008) Ficus spp (fig) Ethnobotany and potential as
anticancer and anti-inflammatory agents Journal of Ethnopharmacology
119 195ndash213
Lapenna D Del Boccio G Porreca E Pennelli A Mezzetti A De
Gioia S Marzio L Di Ilio C and Cuccurullo F (1992) Effects of high-
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Latha M and Pari L (2004) Effect of an aqueous extract of Scoparia dulcis
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steatohepatitis Hepatology 39(5) 1277-1285
Laurin J Lindor KD Crippin JS Gossard A Gores GJ Ludwig J
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treatment of non-alcohol-induced steatohepatitis a pilot study Hepatology
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Le K Chiu F and Ng K (2007) Identification and quantification of
antioxidants in Fructus lycii Food Chemistry 105 353ndash363
Le PM Benhaddou-Andaloussi A Elimadi A Settaf A Cherrah Y
and Haddad P (2004) The petroleum ether extract of Nigella sativa exerts
lipid-lowering and insulin-sensitizing actions in the rat Journal of
Ethnopharmacology 94 251ndash259
Leclercq I Field J Erriquez A Farrell GC (2007) Robertson G
(2000) Constitutive and inducible expression of hepatic CYP2E1 and
CYP4A in leptin-deficient obob mice Biochim Biophys Res Commun 268
337ndash 44
Leclercq IA (2007) Pathogenesis of steatohepatitis insights from the study
of animal models Acta Gastroenterol Belg 7025ndash31
Lee GS Yan JS Ng RK Kakar S and Maher JJ (2007)
Polyunsaturated fat in the methionine-choline-deficient diet influences
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1896
Lee JK N and Min DB (2004) Reactive Oxygen Species Aging and
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33
Lee KS Buck M Houglum K and Chojkier M (1995) Activation of
hepatic stellate cells by TGF alpha and collagen type I is mediated by
oxidative stress through c-myb expression J Clin Invest 96 2461ndash2468
Lee KW Everts H Kappert HJ Yeom KH and Beynen AC (2003)
Dietary carvacrol lowers body weight gain but improves feed conversion in
female broiler chickens Journal of Applied Poultry Research 12 394ndash399
Lee SE Hwang HJ and HA JS (2003) Screening of medicinal plant
extracts for antioxidant activity Life Sci 73 167-179
Leeuenberg C and Ji LL (1995) Glutathione depletion in rested and
exercised mice Biochemical consequence and adaption Arch Biochem
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Lenhard JM (2007) Gottschalk WK (2002) Preclinical developmentsin
type 2 diabetes Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 54 1199ndash1212
Leung KK and Leung PS (2008) Effects of hyperglycemia on
angiotensin receptor type 1 expression and insulin secretion in an INS-1E
pancreatic beta-cell line JOP 9 290ndash299
Li H Wang QJ Zhu DN and Yang Y (2008) Reinioside C a
triterpene saponin of Polygala aureocauda Dunn exerts hypolipidemic effect
on hyperlipidemic mice Phytotherapy Research 22 159ndash164
Lichtenthaler R and Marx F (2005) Total oxidant scavenging capacities of
common European fruit and vegetable juices Journal of Agricultural and
Food Chemistry 53(1) 103minus110
Lieber CS (1997) Cytochrome P-4502E1 its physiological and
pathological role Physiol Rev 77 517ndash 44
Lieber CS Leo MA Mak KM Xu Y Cao Q Ren C
Ponomarenko A and DeCarli LM (2004) Model of nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 79(3) 502ndash509
Lin J Yang R Tarr PT Wu PH Handschin C and Li S (2005)
Hyperlipidemic effects of dietary saturated fats mediated through PGC-1β
coactivation of SREBP Cell 120261ndash73
Lindor KD Dickson ER Baldus WP Jorgensen RA Ludwig J
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SM (1994) Ursodeoxycholic acid in the treatment of primary biliary
cirrhosis Gastroenterology 106 1284ndash1290
Lindor KD Kodley KV Heathcote EJ Harrison ME Jorgensen R and
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results of a randomized trial Hepatology 39 770-8
Liochev SI and Fridovich I (1994) The role of O2 in the production of
HO in vitro and in vivo Free Radical Biology and Medicine 16 29ndash36
Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Instructorlsquos Resource Parthlsquos
Pathophysiology Concepts of Altered Health States Seventh edition 2008
Liu C H Hung M T and Huang P C (1995) Source of triacylglycerol
accumulation in lives of rats fed a cholesterol-supplemented diet Lipids 30
527ndash531
Liu F and Ng TB (2000) Antioxidative and free radical scavenging
activities of selected medicinal herbs Life Sciences 66 725ndash735
Liu F Ooi VEC and Chang S T (1997) Free radical scavenging
activity of mushroom polysaccharide extracts Life Science 60 763-771
Liu L and Meydani M (2002) Combined vitamin C and E
supplementation retards early progression of arteriosclerosis in heart
transplant patients Nutr Rev 60 368-371
Lizardi-Cervera J and Aquilar-Zapata D (2009) Nonalcoholic fatty liver
disease and its association with cardiovascular disease 8 S40ndashS43
Lopez-Avila V L and A and Yefchak G (2009) Use of GC-QTOF MS to
identify unknown compounds in herbal extracts 1-4
Lopez-Garcia E Schulze MB Meigs JB Manson JE Rifai N and
Stampfer MJ (2005) l Consumption of trans fatty acids is related to plasma
biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction J Nutr 135 562ndash
566
Louchami K Zhang Y Oguzhan B Delporte C Portois L and
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pancreatic islet K+ handling and secretory behaviour provoked by the
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Lowry OH Rosebrough NJ Farr AI and Randall RJ (1951) Protein
determination with the folinlsquos phenol reagent JBiolChem 193 265-275
Luck H (1974) In Methods in enzymatic analysisBer Acad N Y 885
Ludwig J Viggiano TR McGill DB and Ott BJ (1980) Non-alcoholic
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Mayo Clin Proc 55434-438
Lugasi A Dworschak E Blazovics A and Kery A (1998) Antioxidant
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(Raphanus sativus I Varniger) root Phytother Res 12 502-506
Lyon CJ Law RE and Hsueh WA (2003) Minireview adiposity
inflammation and atherogenesis Endocrinology 144 2195ndash2200
Mabrouk GM Moselhy SS Zohny SF Ali EM Helal TE Amin
AA and Khalifa AA (2002) Inhibition of methylnitrosourea (MNU)
induced oxidative stress and carcinogenesis by orally administered bee honey
and Nigella grains in Sprague Dawely rats Journal of Experimental and
Clinical Cancer Research 21 (3) 341ndash346
Madan MP Raghavan G Singh AK and Palpu P (2005) Free radical
scavenging potential of Saussarea costua Acta Pharm 55 297-304
Mahendran P and Devi CSS (2001) The modulating effect of Garicinia
cambogia extract on ethanol induced peroxidative damage in rats Indian J
Pharmacology 33 87-91
Mahmoud MR El-Abhar HS and Saleh S (2002) The effect of Nigella
sativa oil against the liver damage induced by Shistosoma mansoni infection
in mice Journal of Ethnopharmacology 79 1ndash11
Makino I Shinozaki K Yoshino K and Nakagawa S (1975)
Dissolution of cholesterol gallstones by long-term administration of
ursodeoxycholic acid Nippon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi 72 690ndash702
Malik EP Singh MB (1980) Plant Enzymology and Hittoenzymology
1st Edn Kalyani Publishers New Delhi 286
Mallikharjuna PB Rajanna LN Seetharam YN and Sharanabasappa
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Medicinal Plant 4(4) 510-518
Manco M Calvani M and Mingrone G (2004) Effects of dietary fatty
acids on insulin sensitivity and secretion Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism
6 402ndash413
Manian R Anusuya N Siddhuraju P and Manian S (2008) The
antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging potential of two different
solvent extracts of Camellia sinensis (L) O Kuntz Ficus bengalensis L and
Ficus racemosa L Food Chemistry 107 1000ndash1007
Marchand LL Murphy SP Hankin JH Wilkens LR Kolonel LN
(2000) J Natl Cancer Inst 92 154
Marchesini G Bugianesi E Forlani G Cerrelli F Lenzi M Manini
R Natale S Vanni E Villanova N Melchionda N and Rizzetto M
(2003) Nonalcoholic fatty liver steatohepatitis and the metabolic syndrome
Hepatology 37 917ndash 923
Mari M Caballero F Colell A Morales A Caballeria J Fernandez
A Enrich C Fernandez-Checa JC and Garcia-Ruiz C (2006)
Mitochondrial free cholesterol loading sensitizes to TNF and Fas-meidated
steatohepatitis Cell Metabolism 4 185ndash198
Marimuthu P Wu CL Chang HT and Chang ST (2008) Antioxidant
activity of the ethanolic extract from the bark of Chamaecyparis obtuse var
Formosana J Sci Food Agric 88
Mariod AA Ibrahim RM Ismail M and Ismail N (2009) Antioxidant
activity and phenolic content of phenolic rich fractions obtained from black
cumin (Nigella sativa) seedcake Food Chemistry 116 306ndash312
Maron DJ (2004) Flavonoids for reduction of atherosclerotic risk Curr
Atheroscler Rep 6 73-78
Marra F Gastaldelli A Svegliati Baroni G Tell G and Tiribelli C
(2008) Molecular basis and mechanisms of progression of non-alcoholic
steatohepatitis Trends Mol Med 14 72ndash81
Mason JS Morize I Menard PR Cheney DL Hulme C and
Labaudiniere RF (1999) J Med Chem 42 3251e3264
Mates JM Perez-Gomez C and Decastro IN (1999) Clin Chem 32
595-603
Matsuzawa N Takamura T Kurita S Misu H Ota T Ando H
Yokoyama M Honda M Zen Y Nakanuma Y Miyamoto K and
Kaneko S (2007) Lipid-induced oxidative stress causes steatohepatitis in
mice fed an atherogenic diet Hepatology 46 1392ndash1403
Matsuzawa Y Shimomura I Nakamura T Keno Y Kotani K and
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obesity Obes Res 3 187Sndash194S
Matteoni C Younossi Z Gramlich T Boparai N and Liu Y (1999)
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease a spectrum of clinical and pathological
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Matthaei S StumvollM Kellerer M and Haring (2000) Endocr H-U
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Matthew Ricci (2008) NAFLD (Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease) A
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Matthew Cave Ion Deaciuc Christian Mendez Zhenyuan Song Swati
Joshi-Barve Shirish Barve Craig McClain (2007) Nonalcoholic fatty liver
disease predisposing factors and the role of nutrition Journal of Nutritional
Biochemistry 18 184ndash 195
Mavrelis PG Ammon HV Gleysteen JJ Komorowski RA and
Charaf UK (1983) Hepatic free fatty acids in alcoholic liver disease and
morbid obesity Hepatology 3 226ndash231
Mayes AP (1993) Structure and function of the lipid soluble vitamins In
Murray KR Graner KD Mayes AP and Rodwell WV Harperlsquos
Biochemistry Chap 53 Prentice-Hall International Inc 23rd
edition 588-
590
Mazur A Bayle D Lab C Rock E and Rayssiguier Y (1999)
Inhibitory effect of procyanidin-rich extracts on LDL oxidation in vitro
Atherosclerosis 145 421ndash422
McCay PB (1985) Vitamin E Interactions with free radicals and
ascorbate Ann Rev Nutr 5 323-340
McCullough AJ (2004) The clinical features diagnosis and natural history
of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Clinics in Liver Disease 8 521ndash533
McDougall GJ Dobson P Smith P Blake A and Stewart D (2005)
Assessing potential bioavallability of raspberry anthocyanins using an in
vitro digestion system Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53(15)
5896minus5904
Mehta B K Sharma U Pandit V Agrawal S Joshi N and Gupta M
(2008) Med Chem Res 17 462ndash473
Meng EC Shoichet BK and Kuntz ID (2004) Automated docking
with grid-based energy evaluation Journal of Computational Chemistry 13
(4) 505ndash524 doi101002jcc540130412
Merchant JR Bakshi VM and Engineer AB (1979) Chemical
investigation of fruits of Ficus glomerata Roxb Indian J Chem 17B 87ndash88
Mervat MM and Taie HAA (2009) Antioxidant activities total
anthocyanins phenolics and flavonoids contents of some sweet potato
genotypes under stress of different concentrations of sucrose and sorbito
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Meydani M (2000) Vitamin E and prevention of heart disease in high-risk
patients Nutr Rev 58 278-281
Meyer SA and Kulkarni AP (2001) Hepatotoxicity in Introduction to
biochemical toxicology 3rd
Edition edited by E Hodgson and R C Smart (A
John Wiley amp Sons Inc New York) 487
Mezzetti A Di Ilio C Calafiore AM Aceto A Marzio L Frederici G
and Cuccurullo F (1990) Glutathione peroxidase glutathione reductase and
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Michael Metz (2005) Liver function tests IMVS News letter 57
Michalak A (2006) Phenolic compounds and their antioxidant activity in
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523-530
Milagro FI Campioacuten J and Martiacutenez JA (2006) Weight gain induced
by high-fat feeding involves increased liver oxidative stress Obesity (Silver
Spring) 14 1118ndash1123
Miliauskas G Venskutonis PR and Van Beek TA (2004) Screening of
radical scavenging activity of some medicinal and aromatic plant extracts
Food Chemistry 85 231ndash237
Ming M Guanhua L Zhanhai Y Guang C and Xuan Z (2009) Effect
of the Lycium barbarum polysaccharides administration on blood lipid
metabolism and oxidative stress of mice fed high-fat diet in vivo Food
Chemistry 113 872ndash877
Misra A Khurana L Vikram NK Goel A and Wasir JS (2007)
Metabolic syndrome in children current issues and South Asian perspective
Nutrition 23(11ndash12)895ndash910
Misra A Misra R Wijesuriya M and Banerjee D (2007) The metabolic
syndrome in south Asians continuing escalation amp possible solutions Indian
J Med Res 125(3)345ndash54
Misra A Vikram NK (2004) Insulin resistance syndrome (metabolic
syndrome) and obesity in Asian Indians Evidence and implications
Nutrition 20482ndash491
Mithra SK Seshadri SJ Venkataranganna MV Gopumadhavan S
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formulation in galactosamine induced hepatopathy in rats Indian J Physiol
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Modi KP Patel NM and Goyal R K (2008) Estimation of L-topaf from
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mushroom against rat liver oxidative damage and fibrosis induced by CCL4
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Mohan V (2004) Why are Indians more prone to diabetes J Assoc Phys
India 52468ndash474
Mohan V and Deepa R (2006) Adipocytokines and The expanding Asian
Indian Phenotype J Assoc Physic Ind 54 685-6
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Morris GM Goodsell DS Halliday RS Huey R Hart WE Belew
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risk factor study Br J Nutr 100 (4) 890ndash895
Musso G Gambino R and Cassader M (2009) Recent insights into
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steatohepatitis Hepatology 37 909ndash16
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Nakamoto K Takayama F Mankura M Hidaka Y Egashira T and
Ogino T (2009) Beneficial effects of fermented green tea extract in a rat
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Nanji AA (2004b) Another animal model for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
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Nanji AA (2004a) Animal models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and
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Neuhouser ML (2004) Flavonoids and cancer risk evidence from human
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Neuschwander-Tetri BA and Caldwell SH (2003) Nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis summary of an AASLD single topic conference Hepatology
371202ndash19
Newman DJ Cragg GM and Snader KM (2000) The influence of
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Ogbonnia S Adekunle AA Bosa MK and Enwuru VN (2008)
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Oguzhan B Sancho V Acitores A Villanueva-Penacarrillo ML
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Entada saponin-III a saponin isolated from the bark of Entada phaseoloides
Phytochemistry 26 2789ndash2796
Okada Y Shibata S Javellana AMJ and Kamo O (1988) Entada
saponins (ES) II and IV from the bark of Entada phaseoloides Chemical and
Pharmaceutical Bulletin 36 1264ndash1269
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Oteiza PI Erlejman AG Verstraeten SV Keen CL and Fraga CG
(2005) Flavonoidndashmembrane interaction a protective role of flavonoids at
the membrane surface Clin Dev Immunol 12 (1) 19ndash25
Owen R W Giacosa A Hull W E Haubner R Spiegelhalder B and
Bartsh H (2000) The antioxidantanticancer potential of phenolic
compounds isolated from olive oil European Journal of Cancer 36 1235ndash
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Oyaizu M (1986) Studies on product of browning reaction prepared from
glucose amine Japanese Journal of Nutrition 44307-315
Ozcan U Cao Q Yilmaz E Lee AH Iwakoshi NN and Ozdelen E
(2004) Endoplasmic reticulum stress links obesity insulin action and type 2
diabetes Science 306457ndash61
Ozturk-Urek R Bozkaya LA and Tarhan L (2001) The effects of some
antioxidant vitamins and trace elements supplemented diets on activities of
SOD CAT GSH-Px and LPO levels in chicken tissues Cell Biochemistry
and Function 19 125ndash132
Pacheco-Alvarez D Solorzano-Vargas RS and Leon-Del-Rio A (2002)
Biotin in metabolism and its relationship tohuman disease Arch Med Res
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Pacher P Beckman JS and Liaudet L (1997) (Nitric oxide and
peroxynitrite in health and disease Physiol Rev 87 (1) 315ndash424
Pacher P Beckman JS and Liaudet L (2007) Nitric oxide and
peroxynitrite In health and disease Physiological Reviews 87(1) 315ndash424
Paetau I Khachik F Brown ED Beecher GR Kramer TR and
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Pan HZ Zhang H Chang D Li H and Sui H (2008) The change of
oxidative stress products in diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy Br J
Ophthalmol 92 548ndash51
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tissue growth factor expression a potential mechanism involved in
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44
Paranjpe P (2001) Indian Medicinal Plants Forgotten Healers A Guide to
Ayurvedic Herbal Medicine Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratisthan Delhi p316
Park CH Yamabe N Noh JS Kang KS Tanaka T Yokozawa T
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and lipid metabolism in the liver of dbdb mice Biol Pharm Bull 32 1734ndash
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Parrotta JA (2006) Healing Plants of Peninsular India CABI Publishing
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Patchett AA and Nargund RP (2000) Annu Rep Med Chem 35
289e298
Pauly Nicolas Pucciariello C Mandon K Innocenti G Jamet A
Baudouin E Herouart D Frendo P and Puppo A (2006) Reactive
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Peach and Tracey MV (1955) In modern methods of plant analyse 4
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Perez C Canal JR and Torres MD (2003) Experimental diabetes treated
with Ficus carica extract effect on oxidative stress parameters Acta
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Perez-Amador MC Ocotero VM Castaneda JMG and Esquinca
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Perry G Cash AD Srinivas R and Smith MA (2002) Metals and
oxidative homeostasis in Alzheimerlsquos disease Drug Development and
Research 56 293ndash299
Pietta PG (2000) Flavonoids and antioxidants J Nat Prod 63 1035-
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Pignatelli P Pulcinelli FM and Lenti L (1998) Hydrogen Peroxide Is
Involved in Collagen-Induced Platelet Activation Blood 91 (2) 484-490
Pirola L Johnston AM Van Obberghen E (2004) Modulation of insulin
action Diabetologia 47170ndash84
Pitchersky E and Gang DR (2000) Genetics and biochemistry of
secondary metabolites in plants An evolutionary perspective Trends Plant
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Pompella A Visvikis A and Paolicchi A (2003) The changing faces of
glutathione a cellular protagonist [J] Biochem Pharmacl 66(8) 1499-1503
Prasad K (2010) Effects of vitamin E on serum enzymes and electrolytes in
hypercholesterolemia Molecular Cellular Biochemistry 335 67ndash74
Prasamthi Muralidhara K and Rajini PS (2005) Fenvalerate-induced
oxidative damage in rat tissues and its attenuation by dietary sesame oil
Food Chem Toxicol 43 299ndash306
Pryor WA (1993) Measurement of oxidative stress status in humans
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2 289-292
Puppo A (1992) Effect of flavonoids on hydroxyl radical formation by
Fenton-type reactions influence of the iron chelator Phytochemistry 31
85ndash88
Rachna A and Abdelhaq R (2003) Redistribution of glucose-6-phosphate
dehydrogenase in response to cerebral ischemia in rat brain Indian J Clin
Biochem 18 64-70
Rahman NN Khan M and Hasan R (1994) Bioactive components from
Ficus glomerata Pure and Applied Chemistry 66 2287ndash2290
Rajesh MG and Latha MS (2004) Preliminary evaluation of the
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Rajkapoor B Anandan R and Jayakar B (2002) Anti-ulcer effect of
Nigella sativa Linn against gastric ulcers in rats Curr Sci 82 177ndash179
Ramadan MF (2007) Nutritional value functional properties and
nutraceutical applications of black cumin (Nigella sativa L) an overview
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Ramadan MF and Moumlrsel JT (2004) Oxidative stability of black cumin
(Nigella sativa L) coriander (Coriandrum sativum L) and niger (Guizotia
abyssinica Cass) crude seed oils upon stripping Eur J Lipid Sci Technol
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Randhawa MA and Al-Ghamdi MS (2002) A review of the
pharmacotherapeutic effects of Nigella sativa Pakistan Journal of Medical
Research 41 77ndash83
Rao BR Murugresan T Sinha S Saha BP Pal M and Mandal SC
(2002) Glucose lowering efficacy of Ficus racemosa barks extract in normal
and alloxan diabetic rats Phytotherapy Research 16 590ndash592
Rao CV Arti R Verma M Vijayakumar S Rastogi (2008)
Gastroprotective effect of standardized extract of Ficus glomerata fruit on
experimental gastric ulcers in rats Journal of Ethnopharmacology 115
323ndash326
Rao KS (2009) Free radical induced oxidative damage to DNA relation to
brain aging and neurological disorders Indian J Biochem Biophys 46 9ndash15
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
Evans C (1999) Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231ndash1237
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
Evans C (1999) Antioxidant activity applying in an improved radical cation
decolorisation assay Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231-1237
Recknagel RO Glende EA JR Waller RL and Loery K (1982) Lipid
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710-723
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ed New York Academic
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activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids J Free Radic Biol
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Antioxidant properties of polyphenol-containing extract from soybean
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expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in a high fat-induced
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Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis association of insulin resistance and
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Antioxidant effect of aqueous extract of the bark of Ficus bengalensis in
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Sun Q Ma J Campos H Hankinson SE Manson JE and Stampfer
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Targher G Bertolini L Padovani R Poli F Scala L Zenari L
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Am J Gastroenterol 99 1497ndash1502
Vinson JA Zubik L Bose P Samman N Proch J (2005) Dried fruits
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Viuda-Martos M Navajas Y R Zapata E S Fernandez-Lopez J and
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Wang X and Quinn P (1999) Vitamin E and its function in membranes
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Wang Y Beydoun MA Liang L Caballero B and Kumanyika SK
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Wei BQ Weaver LH Ferrari AM Matthews BW and Shoichet BK
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PMID 15046985
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Westerbacka J Lammi K and Hakkinen AM (2005) Dietary fat content
modifies liver fat in overweight non-diabetic subjects J Clin Endocrinol
Metab 90 2804ndash9
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Physiology 128 379ndash391
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and plant dietary substances In Brown DE Walton NJ (Eds) Chemicals
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Preparation and Pharmacological evaluation of plant material England John
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Wong CC Li HB Cheng KW and Chen FA (2006) Systematic
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World Health Organisation (2006) Obesity and overweight Fact sheet 311
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Wouters K van Gorp PJ Bieghs V Gijbels MJ Duimel H
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rather than liver steatosis leads to hepatic inflammation in hyperlipidemic
mouse models of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Hepatology 48 474ndash486
Wymann MP and Schneiter R (2008) Lipid signalling in disease Nat
Rev Mol Cell Biol 9 162ndash176
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(2000) Free radical scavenging activity of garcinol from Garcinia indica
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triglyceride synthesis improves hepatic steatosis but exacerbates liver
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Hepatology 45 1366ndash1374
Yang H Roberts LJ Jian Shi M Chun Zhou Li Ballard BR
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Yang JS Lee SJ Park HW and Cha YS (2006) Effect of genistein
with carnitine administration on lipid parameters and obesity in C57Bl6J
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high-fat dietndashinduced dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress A microarray
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Yang S Zhu H Li Y Lin H Gabrielson K Trush MA and Diehl
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radical scavenging properties of wheat extracts J Agri Food Chem 50
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ginseng prevents the onset of high-fat diet induced hyperglycemia and
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aggravates necrotizing pancreatitis in rats European Journal of
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Daba MH and Abdel-Rahman MS (1998) Hepatoprotective activity of
thymoquinone in isolated rat hepatocytes Toxicology Letters 95 23ndash29
Dandona P Aljada A Chaudhuri A Mohanty P and Rajesh G (2004)
Metab Syndr RelatDisord 2 2e8
Daniel RS Mathew BC Devi KS and Augusti KT (1998) Antioxidant
effect of two flavonoids from the bark of Ficus bengalensis Linn in
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between total antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in
hypercholesterolaemia Current Science 78 486ndash487
Das U (2002) A radical approach to cancer Med Sci Monit 8 RA79ndash92
Day CP James O (1998) Steatohepatitis a tale of two hits
Gastroenterology 114 842-5
De Jong N Plat J and Mensink RP (2003) Metabolic effects of plant
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Encapsulation of natural antioxidants extracted from Ilex paraguariensis
Carbohydrate Polymers 71 126ndash134
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Delazar A Reid RG and Sarker SD (2004) GC-MS analysis of the
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of Natural compounds 40(1) 4-27
Denechaud PD Dentin R Girard J and Postic C (2008) Role of
ChREBP in hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance FEBS Lett 58268ndash73
Deng J Wangyuan Cheng and Guangzhong Yang (2011) A novel
antioxidant activity index (AAU) for natural products using the DPPH assay
Food Chemistry 125 1430ndash1435
Dentin R Girard J and Postic C (2005) Carbohydrate responsive element
binding protein (ChREBP) and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c
(SREBP-1c) two key regulators of glucose metabolism and lipid synthesis in
liver Biochime 8781ndash6
Devasagayam TPA Kamat JP and Sreejayan N (2001) Antioxidant
action of curcumin In micronutrients and health Molecular Biological
Mechanisms (eds Nesartnam K And Packer L) AOCS Press Champaign
IL USA 42-59
Di Carlo G Mascolo N and Izzo AA (1999) Flavonoids old and new
aspects of a class of natural therapeutic drugs Life Sci 65 337-53
Di Majo D Giammanco M La Guardia M Tripoli E Giammanco S
and Finotti E (2005) Flavonones in citrus fruit Structure-antioxidant
activity relationships Food Research International 38 1161-1166
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endothelial function is prevented by CuZn superoxide dismutase
overexpression Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 25 90ndash95
Diehl AM (2003) Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis pathogenesis In Arroyo
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tubers isolation characterization quantification and antioxidant properties
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Dinnis TCP Maderia VM and Almeida LM (1994) Action of phenolic
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Biochem Biophys 315 161-169
Diraison F and Beylot M (1998) Role of human liver lipogenesis and
reesterification in triglycerides secretion and in FFA reesterification Am J
Physiol 274 E321ndashE327
Domenicali M Vendemiale G Serviddio G Grattagliano I Pertosa
AM Nardo B Principe A Viola A Trevisani F Altomare E
Bernardi M and Caraceni P (2005) Oxidative injury in rat liver exposed to
ischemia-reperfusion is modulated by nutritional status Dig Liver Dis 37
689ndash697
Donnelly KL Smith CI Schwarzenberg SJ Jessurun J Boldt MD
and Parks EJ (2005) Sources of fatty acids stored in liver and secreted via
lipoproteins in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Journal of
Clinical Investigations 115(5) 1343ndash1351
Doreswamy R and Sharma D (1995) Plant drugs for liver disorders
management Indian Drugs 32 139
Doumas BT (1975) Clin Chem 21 1159
Doumas BT Watson WA (1971) Clin Chem Acta 31 87
Drager BJ (2002) Analysis of tropane and related alkaloids
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fatty liver disease World J Gastroenterol 13 4539ndash4550
Eaton DL and Bammler TK (1999) Concise review of Glutathione-S-
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Eisenberg M Kessler RC Foster C Norlock FE Calkins DR and
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Prevalence costs and patterns of use New Engl J Med 32 246-252
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radical scavenging properties of lignans Organic and Bimolecular
Chemistry 21 3336ndash3347
Ekstedt M Franzeacuten LE Mathiesen UL Thorelius L Holmqvist M
Bodemar G and Kechagias S (2006) Long-term follow-up of patients with
NAFLD and elevated liver enzymes Hepatology 44 865ndash873
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NADPH supported oxidase activity and lipid peroxidation dependent on
ethanol-inducible cytochrome P-450 (P-450 IIE1) Biochem Pharmacol 38
1313ndash9
El-Dakhakhny M Mady NI and Halim M (2000) Nigella sativa L oil
protects against induced hepatotoxicity and improves serum lipid profile in
rats Arzneimittelforschung 50 832ndash836
Ellmam GC (1959) Tissue sulfhydryl groups Archives of Biochemistry
and Biophysics 82 70-77
Emery MG Fisher JM and Chien JY (2003) CYP2E1 activity before
and after weight loss in morbidly obese subjects with nonalcoholic fatty
livers disease Hepatology 38 428ndash 35
Enriquez A Leclercq I Farrell GC and Robertson G (1999) Altered
expression of hepatic CYP2E1 and CYP4A in obese diabetic obob mice
and fafa Zucker rats Biochim Biophys Res Commun 255 300ndash 6
Esterbauer H Schaur RJ and Zollner H (1991) Chemistry and
biochemistry of 4-hydroxynonenal malonaldehyde and related aldehydes
Free Radical Biology amp Medicine 11 (1) 81ndash128
Evans P and Halliwell B (1999) Free radicals and hearing Cause
consequence and criteria Ann N Y Acad Sci 884 19-40
Fan JG Zhu J and Li XJ (2005) Fatty liver and the metabolic syndrome
among Shanghai adults J Gastroenterol Hepatol 20 1825-32
Fang YZ Yang S and Wu G (2002) Free radicals antioxidants and
nutrition Nutrition 18 872-879
Fardet A Llorach R Martin JF Besson C Lyan B Pujos-Guillot E
and Scalbert A (2008) Aliquid chromatographyndashquadrupole time-of-flight
(LCndashQTOF)-based metabolomic approach reveals new metabolic effects of
catechin in rats fed J Proteome Res 7 2388ndash2398
Farrel GC Larter CZ (2006) Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease from
steatosis to cirrhosis Hepatology 43S99ndash112
Feig M Onufriev A Lee MS Im W Case DA and Brooks CL
(2004) Performance comparison of generalized born and Poisson methods
in the calculation of electrostatic solvation energies for protein structures
Journal of Computational Chemistry 25 (2) 265ndash84 doi101002jcc10378
PMID 14648625
Feldstein AEWerneburg NW Canbay A Guicciardi ME Bronk
SF Rydzewski R Burgart LJ and Gores GJ (2004) Free fatty acids
promote hepatic lipotoxicity by stimulating TNF-alpha expression via a
lysosomal pathway Hepatology 40 185ndash194
Ferannini E Natalie A and Bell P (1997)Insulin resistance and
hypersecretion in obesity J Clin Invest 100 1166
Flora SJ (2007) Role of free radicals and antioxidants in health and disease
[J] Cell Mol Biol 53(1) 1-2
Foti MC Daquino C and Geraci C (2004) Electron-transfer reaction of
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Foyer CH and Halliwell B (1976) The presence of glutathione activation
during plant stress Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 102B
131-154
Fraga C Leibovitz B and Tappel A (1987a) Halogenated compounds as
inducers of lipid peroxidation in tissue slices Free Radical Biology and
Medicine 3 119-123
Francis G Kerem Z Makkar HPS and Becker K (2002) The
biological action of saponins in animal systems a review British Journal of
Nutrition 88 587ndash605
Frei B and Higdon JV (2003) Antioxidant activity of tea polyphenols in
vivo evidence from animal studies J Nutr 133 3275Sndash84S
Fromenty B Robin MA Igoudjil A Mansouri A and Pessayre D
(2004) The ins and outs of mitochondrial dysfunction in NASH Diabetes amp
Metabolism 30 121ndash138
Fruhwirth GO Loidl A and Hermetter A (2007) Oxidized
phospholipids From molecular properties to disease Biochem Biophys
Acta 1772 718-736
Fryer MJ (1992) The antioxidant effects of thyla Vit E Plant cell Environ
15 381
Gaetani G Ferraris A and Rolfo M (1996) Predominant role of catalase
in the disposal of hydrogen peroxide within human erythrocytes [J] Blood
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Ganapathy S (2004) Emerging strategy in the study of natural products
Indian Journal of
Germano MP Sanogo R Costa C Fulco R Ando DV Torrel EA
Viscomi MG and Pasqualle DR (1999) Hpatoprotective properties in the
rat of Mitracarpus scaber (Rubaceae) J Pharm Pharmacol 51 729-734
Giovanelli G and Pagliarini E (2009) Antioxidant composition of tomato
products typically consumed in Italy Italian Journal of Food Science 21(3)
305-316
Girish S Achliya Sudhir Wadodkar G Avinash and Dorle K (2004)
Evaluation of hepatoprotective effect of Amalkadi Ghrita against CCl4
induced hepatic damage in rats J Ethanopharmacology 90 229-232
Goldstein BJ and Scalia R (2004) Adiponectin a novel adipokine linking
adipocytes and vascular function J Clin Endocrinol Metab 892563ndash2568
Gomall AG et al (1949) Biolchem 177 751
Goris AH and Westerterp KR (2008) Physical activity fat intake and
body fat Physiol Behav 94 164ndash8
Grattagliano I Caraceni P Calamita G Ferri D Gargano I Palasciano
G and Portincasa P (2008) Severe liver steatosis correlates with nitrosative
and oxidative stress in rats Eur J Clin Invest 38 523-530
Gray (2008) Anatomy The Anatomical basis of clinical practice Chap 68
Liver 40th
di Elsevier 1858
Green RM and Flamm S (2002) AGA Technical review of evaluation of
liver chemistry tests Gasteroenteerology 123 1367-1384
Grill V and Bjoumlrklund A (2009) Impact of metabolic abnormalities for
beta cell function clinical significance and underlying mechanisms Mol
Cell Endocrinol 297 86ndash92
Grusak MA (2002) Phytochemicals in plants genomics-assisted plant
improvement for nutritional and health benefits Curr Opin Biotechnol 13
508ndash511
Guumllccedilin I Mshvildadze V Gepdiremen A and Elias R (2004)
Antioxidant activity of saponins isolated from ivy a-hederin hederasaponin-
C hederacolchiside-E and hederacolchiside-F Planta Medica 70 561ndash563
Guumllccedilin I Mshvildadze VA Gepdiremen A and Elias R (2006) The
antioxidant activity of a triterpenoid glycoside isolated from the berries of
Hedera colchica 3-O-(b-D-glucopyranosyl)-hederagenin Phytotherapy
Research 20 130ndash134
Gulcin Buyukokuroglu ME Oktay M and Kufrevioglu O (2003)
Antioxidant and analgesic activities of turpentine of Pinus nigra Arn Subsp
Pallsiana (Lamb) Holmboe J Ethanopharm 86 51-58
Guo C Yang J Wei J Li Y Xu J and Jiang Y (2003) Antioxidant
activities of peel pulp and seed fractions of common fruits as determined by
FRAP assay Nutrition Research 23 1719ndash1726
Gupta R and Misra A (2007) Type 2 diabetes in India regional
disparities Br J Diab Vasc Dis 7(1)12ndash6
Gurumoorthy V Hindu Jan-23rd 2011
Guzik TJ Korbut R and Adamek-Guzik T (2003) Nitric oxide and
superoxide in inflammation and immune regulation Journal of Physiology
and Pharmacology 54 (4) 469-487
Gyamfi MA Yonamine M and Aniya Y (1999) Free-radical scavenging
action of medicinal herbs from Ghana Thonningia sanguine on
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Two new biologically active triterpenoidal saponins acylated with salicylic
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and hepatoprotective effects of silibinin in a rat model of nonalcoholic
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method a simple test tube assay for determination of rate constants for
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with the use of Ficus insipid latex as a traditional anthelmintic remedy in the
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Yonemoto M Ikeda Y Ohwaki K Aragane K Tamai Y Kusunoki
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some medicinal plants on performances physiological and meat quality traits
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associated with hyperlipidemia caused by a semi-synthetic diet Laboratory
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hypobromite-mediated radical formation and its role in cell lysis Arch
Biochem Biophys 395 137-145
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changes in microheological properties of the red cell membrane 76 1015-
1022
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388-389
Hedge K Joshi AB (2009) Hepatoprotective effect of Carissa carandus
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stress Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 47 660-667
Heibatollah S Reza NM Izadpanah G and Sohailla S (2008)
Hepatoprotective effect of Cichorium intybus on CCl4 induced liver damage
in rats African Journal of Biochemistry 2(6) 141-144
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Chem46 3590
Heuman DM Pandak WM Hylemon PB and Vlahzevic ZR (1991)
Conjugates of ursodeoxycholate protect against cytotoxicity of more
hydrophobic bile salts Hepatology 14 920ndash926
Higuchi N Kato M and Shundo Y (2008) LiverXreceptor in cooperation
with SREBP-1c is a major lipid synthesis regulator in nonalcoholic fatty
liver disease Hepatol Res 38(11) 1122ndash9
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Intrinsic oxidative stress in cancer cells a biochemical basis for therapeutic
selectivity Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 53 209ndash19
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and Curi R (2007) Time-dependent effects of fatty acids on skeletal muscle
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106 1219-1228
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erythrocyte superoxide dismutase with hydrogen peroxide
chemiluminescence and peroxidation Biochemistry 14 5299ndash5303
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in vivo British Medical Bulletin 49 494ndash505
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determination of free fatty acids in plasma J Lipid Res 22 377-381
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a causal role in multiple forms of insulin resistance Nature 440944ndash8
httpclinicaltrialsgovct2showNCT00065676intrfrac1422quercetin
22amprankfrac145 (accessed 170609)
Hu C and Kitts DD (2005) Dendelion (Taraxacum officinale) flower
extract suppresses both reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide and prevents
lipid oxidation in vitro Phytomedicine 12 588ndash597
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1841minus1856
Inzucchi SE (2002) Oral antihyperglycemic therapy for type 2 diabetes
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Iovin Nicole M Seema Pursnani Voldman A Wasserman G Blaser
MJ and Weinrauch Y (2008) Reactive nitrogen species contribute to
innate host defense against Camoylobacter jjuni Infection and Immunity
76(3) 986-93
Ismail M Ghanya Al-Naqeep Kim Wei Chan (2010) Nigella sativa
thymoquinone-rich fraction greatly improves plasma antioxidant capacity
and expression of antioxidant genes in hypercholesterolemic rats Free
Radical Biology amp Medicine 48 664ndash672
Itagaki S Kurokawa T Nakata C Saito Y Oikawa S Kobayashi T
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ferulic acid a comparative study with other natural oxidation inhibitors
Food Chem 114 466ndash471
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15 755-766
Jain S Dixit Malviya N and Ambawata V (2009) Antioxidant and
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James O and Day C (1999) Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis another disease
of affluence Lancet 353 (9165) 1634ndash1636
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streptozotocin diabetes on some urea cycle enzyme Biochem BiophysRes
Commun 106 37-43
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stability of ethanolic extracts of Holy basil and Galangal Food Chem 92
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and spinal cord injury suggestions for pharmacological and nutritional
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Katina K Arendt E Liukkonen KH Autio K Flander L and Poutanen
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Nature reviews Drug discovery 3(11) 935ndash49 doi101038nrd1549
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Krishnamoorthy V Divianathan S Subramanian B and Shanmugam M
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Kurian GA and Paddikkala J (2009) Administration of aqueous extract of
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Lansky EP Helena M Paavilainena Alison D Pawlus B Robert A
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Lapenna D Del Boccio G Porreca E Pennelli A Mezzetti A De
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Le K Chiu F and Ng K (2007) Identification and quantification of
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Le PM Benhaddou-Andaloussi A Elimadi A Settaf A Cherrah Y
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Lee GS Yan JS Ng RK Kakar S and Maher JJ (2007)
Polyunsaturated fat in the methionine-choline-deficient diet influences
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Lee JK N and Min DB (2004) Reactive Oxygen Species Aging and
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Dietary carvacrol lowers body weight gain but improves feed conversion in
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Lieber CS Leo MA Mak KM Xu Y Cao Q Ren C
Ponomarenko A and DeCarli LM (2004) Model of nonalcoholic
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Pathophysiology Concepts of Altered Health States Seventh edition 2008
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Liu F and Ng TB (2000) Antioxidative and free radical scavenging
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Lopez-Avila V L and A and Yefchak G (2009) Use of GC-QTOF MS to
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Lopez-Garcia E Schulze MB Meigs JB Manson JE Rifai N and
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Ludwig J Viggiano TR McGill DB and Ott BJ (1980) Non-alcoholic
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Mayo Clin Proc 55434-438
Lugasi A Dworschak E Blazovics A and Kery A (1998) Antioxidant
and free radical scavenging properties of squeezed juice from black radish
(Raphanus sativus I Varniger) root Phytother Res 12 502-506
Lyon CJ Law RE and Hsueh WA (2003) Minireview adiposity
inflammation and atherogenesis Endocrinology 144 2195ndash2200
Mabrouk GM Moselhy SS Zohny SF Ali EM Helal TE Amin
AA and Khalifa AA (2002) Inhibition of methylnitrosourea (MNU)
induced oxidative stress and carcinogenesis by orally administered bee honey
and Nigella grains in Sprague Dawely rats Journal of Experimental and
Clinical Cancer Research 21 (3) 341ndash346
Madan MP Raghavan G Singh AK and Palpu P (2005) Free radical
scavenging potential of Saussarea costua Acta Pharm 55 297-304
Mahendran P and Devi CSS (2001) The modulating effect of Garicinia
cambogia extract on ethanol induced peroxidative damage in rats Indian J
Pharmacology 33 87-91
Mahmoud MR El-Abhar HS and Saleh S (2002) The effect of Nigella
sativa oil against the liver damage induced by Shistosoma mansoni infection
in mice Journal of Ethnopharmacology 79 1ndash11
Makino I Shinozaki K Yoshino K and Nakagawa S (1975)
Dissolution of cholesterol gallstones by long-term administration of
ursodeoxycholic acid Nippon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi 72 690ndash702
Malik EP Singh MB (1980) Plant Enzymology and Hittoenzymology
1st Edn Kalyani Publishers New Delhi 286
Mallikharjuna PB Rajanna LN Seetharam YN and Sharanabasappa
GK (2007) Phytochemical Studies of Strychnos potatorum LF A
Medicinal Plant 4(4) 510-518
Manco M Calvani M and Mingrone G (2004) Effects of dietary fatty
acids on insulin sensitivity and secretion Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism
6 402ndash413
Manian R Anusuya N Siddhuraju P and Manian S (2008) The
antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging potential of two different
solvent extracts of Camellia sinensis (L) O Kuntz Ficus bengalensis L and
Ficus racemosa L Food Chemistry 107 1000ndash1007
Marchand LL Murphy SP Hankin JH Wilkens LR Kolonel LN
(2000) J Natl Cancer Inst 92 154
Marchesini G Bugianesi E Forlani G Cerrelli F Lenzi M Manini
R Natale S Vanni E Villanova N Melchionda N and Rizzetto M
(2003) Nonalcoholic fatty liver steatohepatitis and the metabolic syndrome
Hepatology 37 917ndash 923
Mari M Caballero F Colell A Morales A Caballeria J Fernandez
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Mitochondrial free cholesterol loading sensitizes to TNF and Fas-meidated
steatohepatitis Cell Metabolism 4 185ndash198
Marimuthu P Wu CL Chang HT and Chang ST (2008) Antioxidant
activity of the ethanolic extract from the bark of Chamaecyparis obtuse var
Formosana J Sci Food Agric 88
Mariod AA Ibrahim RM Ismail M and Ismail N (2009) Antioxidant
activity and phenolic content of phenolic rich fractions obtained from black
cumin (Nigella sativa) seedcake Food Chemistry 116 306ndash312
Maron DJ (2004) Flavonoids for reduction of atherosclerotic risk Curr
Atheroscler Rep 6 73-78
Marra F Gastaldelli A Svegliati Baroni G Tell G and Tiribelli C
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Mates JM Perez-Gomez C and Decastro IN (1999) Clin Chem 32
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Matsuzawa N Takamura T Kurita S Misu H Ota T Ando H
Yokoyama M Honda M Zen Y Nakanuma Y Miyamoto K and
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Matsuzawa Y Shimomura I Nakamura T Keno Y Kotani K and
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Matthew Ricci (2008) NAFLD (Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease) A
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Matthew Cave Ion Deaciuc Christian Mendez Zhenyuan Song Swati
Joshi-Barve Shirish Barve Craig McClain (2007) Nonalcoholic fatty liver
disease predisposing factors and the role of nutrition Journal of Nutritional
Biochemistry 18 184ndash 195
Mavrelis PG Ammon HV Gleysteen JJ Komorowski RA and
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morbid obesity Hepatology 3 226ndash231
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edition 588-
590
Mazur A Bayle D Lab C Rock E and Rayssiguier Y (1999)
Inhibitory effect of procyanidin-rich extracts on LDL oxidation in vitro
Atherosclerosis 145 421ndash422
McCay PB (1985) Vitamin E Interactions with free radicals and
ascorbate Ann Rev Nutr 5 323-340
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of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Clinics in Liver Disease 8 521ndash533
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Assessing potential bioavallability of raspberry anthocyanins using an in
vitro digestion system Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53(15)
5896minus5904
Mehta B K Sharma U Pandit V Agrawal S Joshi N and Gupta M
(2008) Med Chem Res 17 462ndash473
Meng EC Shoichet BK and Kuntz ID (2004) Automated docking
with grid-based energy evaluation Journal of Computational Chemistry 13
(4) 505ndash524 doi101002jcc540130412
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genotypes under stress of different concentrations of sucrose and sorbito
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patients Nutr Rev 58 278-281
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biochemical toxicology 3rd
Edition edited by E Hodgson and R C Smart (A
John Wiley amp Sons Inc New York) 487
Mezzetti A Di Ilio C Calafiore AM Aceto A Marzio L Frederici G
and Cuccurullo F (1990) Glutathione peroxidase glutathione reductase and
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523-530
Milagro FI Campioacuten J and Martiacutenez JA (2006) Weight gain induced
by high-fat feeding involves increased liver oxidative stress Obesity (Silver
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Miliauskas G Venskutonis PR and Van Beek TA (2004) Screening of
radical scavenging activity of some medicinal and aromatic plant extracts
Food Chemistry 85 231ndash237
Ming M Guanhua L Zhanhai Y Guang C and Xuan Z (2009) Effect
of the Lycium barbarum polysaccharides administration on blood lipid
metabolism and oxidative stress of mice fed high-fat diet in vivo Food
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Misra A Khurana L Vikram NK Goel A and Wasir JS (2007)
Metabolic syndrome in children current issues and South Asian perspective
Nutrition 23(11ndash12)895ndash910
Misra A Misra R Wijesuriya M and Banerjee D (2007) The metabolic
syndrome in south Asians continuing escalation amp possible solutions Indian
J Med Res 125(3)345ndash54
Misra A Vikram NK (2004) Insulin resistance syndrome (metabolic
syndrome) and obesity in Asian Indians Evidence and implications
Nutrition 20482ndash491
Mithra SK Seshadri SJ Venkataranganna MV Gopumadhavan S
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Oteiza PI Erlejman AG Verstraeten SV Keen CL and Fraga CG
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Owen R W Giacosa A Hull W E Haubner R Spiegelhalder B and
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diabetes Science 306457ndash61
Ozturk-Urek R Bozkaya LA and Tarhan L (2001) The effects of some
antioxidant vitamins and trace elements supplemented diets on activities of
SOD CAT GSH-Px and LPO levels in chicken tissues Cell Biochemistry
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Biotin in metabolism and its relationship tohuman disease Arch Med Res
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peroxynitrite in health and disease Physiol Rev 87 (1) 315ndash424
Pacher P Beckman JS and Liaudet L (2007) Nitric oxide and
peroxynitrite In health and disease Physiological Reviews 87(1) 315ndash424
Paetau I Khachik F Brown ED Beecher GR Kramer TR and
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Pan HZ Zhang H Chang D Li H and Sui H (2008) The change of
oxidative stress products in diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy Br J
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tissue growth factor expression a potential mechanism involved in
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Paranjpe P (2001) Indian Medicinal Plants Forgotten Healers A Guide to
Ayurvedic Herbal Medicine Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratisthan Delhi p316
Park CH Yamabe N Noh JS Kang KS Tanaka T Yokozawa T
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Parrotta JA (2006) Healing Plants of Peninsular India CABI Publishing
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Patchett AA and Nargund RP (2000) Annu Rep Med Chem 35
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Pauly Nicolas Pucciariello C Mandon K Innocenti G Jamet A
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Peach and Tracey MV (1955) In modern methods of plant analyse 4
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Perez C Canal JR and Torres MD (2003) Experimental diabetes treated
with Ficus carica extract effect on oxidative stress parameters Acta
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Perez-Amador MC Ocotero VM Castaneda JMG and Esquinca
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Perry G Cash AD Srinivas R and Smith MA (2002) Metals and
oxidative homeostasis in Alzheimerlsquos disease Drug Development and
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Pignatelli P Pulcinelli FM and Lenti L (1998) Hydrogen Peroxide Is
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Pirola L Johnston AM Van Obberghen E (2004) Modulation of insulin
action Diabetologia 47170ndash84
Pitchersky E and Gang DR (2000) Genetics and biochemistry of
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Prasad K (2010) Effects of vitamin E on serum enzymes and electrolytes in
hypercholesterolemia Molecular Cellular Biochemistry 335 67ndash74
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oxidative damage in rat tissues and its attenuation by dietary sesame oil
Food Chem Toxicol 43 299ndash306
Pryor WA (1993) Measurement of oxidative stress status in humans
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Puppo A (1992) Effect of flavonoids on hydroxyl radical formation by
Fenton-type reactions influence of the iron chelator Phytochemistry 31
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Rahman NN Khan M and Hasan R (1994) Bioactive components from
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Rajesh MG and Latha MS (2004) Preliminary evaluation of the
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Rajkapoor B Anandan R and Jayakar B (2002) Anti-ulcer effect of
Nigella sativa Linn against gastric ulcers in rats Curr Sci 82 177ndash179
Ramadan MF (2007) Nutritional value functional properties and
nutraceutical applications of black cumin (Nigella sativa L) an overview
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Ramadan MF and Moumlrsel JT (2004) Oxidative stability of black cumin
(Nigella sativa L) coriander (Coriandrum sativum L) and niger (Guizotia
abyssinica Cass) crude seed oils upon stripping Eur J Lipid Sci Technol
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Randhawa MA and Al-Ghamdi MS (2002) A review of the
pharmacotherapeutic effects of Nigella sativa Pakistan Journal of Medical
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Rao BR Murugresan T Sinha S Saha BP Pal M and Mandal SC
(2002) Glucose lowering efficacy of Ficus racemosa barks extract in normal
and alloxan diabetic rats Phytotherapy Research 16 590ndash592
Rao CV Arti R Verma M Vijayakumar S Rastogi (2008)
Gastroprotective effect of standardized extract of Ficus glomerata fruit on
experimental gastric ulcers in rats Journal of Ethnopharmacology 115
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Rao KS (2009) Free radical induced oxidative damage to DNA relation to
brain aging and neurological disorders Indian J Biochem Biophys 46 9ndash15
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
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Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
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decolorisation assay Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231-1237
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and benzyl adenine and dark- treated graving rice (Oryza sativa) leaves II
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Reitman S Frankel S (1957) Amer JClin Path 2856
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York Plenum Press 279-292
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(eds) Standard methods of clinical chemistry 6th
ed New York Academic
press 6 215-222
Rice-Evans CA Miller NJ and Paganga G (1996) Structurendashantioxidant
activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids J Free Radic Biol
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Richter C (1987) Biophysical consequences of lipid peroxidation in
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Rinella ME Elias MS Smolak RR Fu T Borensztajn J and Green
RM (2008) Mechanisms of hepatic steatosis in mice fed a lipogenic
methionine choline-deficient diet J Lipid Res 491068ndash76
Rizvi MMA Irshad M Hassadi GE and Younis SB (2009) Bio
efficacies of Cassia fistula An Indian labrum African Journal of Pharmacy
and Pharmacology 3(6) 287-292
Robak J Gryglewski RJ (1988) Flavonoids are scavengers of superoxide
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Robak J Maran and Kiewicz R (1995) Scavenging of reactive oxygen
species as the mechanism of drug action Polish J of Pharmacol 47 89-98
Robert M (2006) Mineral surfaces and the prebiotic selection and
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Roberts CK Barnard RJ Sindhu RK Jurczak M Ehdaie A and
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and antioxidant enzymes in diet-induced metabolic syndrome Metabolism
55 928ndash934
Robertson G Leclercq I and Farrell GC (2001) Nonalcoholic steatosis
and steatohepatitis II Cytochrome P-450 enzymes and oxidative stress
American Journal of Physiology Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 281
(5) G1135ndashG1139
Roe J H and Keuther C A (1943) The determination of ascorbic acid in
whole blood and urine through 2 4-dinitro phenyl hydrazine derivative of
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Rohrdanz E Schmuck G Ohler S and Kahl R (2001) The influence of
oxidative stress on catalase and MnSOD gene transcription in astrocytes
Brain Res 900 128-136
Rojas C Cadenas S Lopez-Torres M Perez-Campo R and Barja G
(1996) Increase in heart glutathione redox and total antioxidant capacity and
dcrease in lipid peroxidation after vitamin E dietary supplementation in
guinea pigs Free Radic Biol Med 21 907-15
Romeo S Sentinelli F Dash S Yeo GS Savage DB Leonetti F
Capoccia D Incani M Maglio C Iacovino M OlsquoRahilly S and Baroni
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Romero AM Mirtha MD Sturia MA and Judis MA (2004)
Antioxidant properties of polyphenol-containing extract from soybean
fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae Eur J Lipid Sci Technol 106
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Rosen HR and Keefe EB (1998) Laboratory evaluation of the patient
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820
Rosenberg HR (1992) Chemistry and Physiology of the citamins Inter
Science Publishers Inc New York 452-453
Rosselli MS Adriana L Burgue˜nob Julieta Carabelli Mariano Schumanb
Carlos J Pirolab and Silvia Sookoiana (2009) Losartan reduces liver
expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in a high fat-induced
rat nonalcoholic fatty liver disease model Atherosclerosis 206 119ndash126
Roy S Sehgal R Pahdy BM and Kumar VL (2005) Antioxidant and
protective effect of Calotropis procera against alloxan-induced diabetics in
rats J Ethanopharmacol 102 470-473
Ryan L OConnell O OSullivan L Aherne SA and OBrien NM
(2008) Micellarisation of carotenoids from raw and cooked vegetables
Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 63(3) 127minus133
Sadasivam S Manickam A (1997) Biochemical methods Second edition
Newage international Pvt Ltd
Sagi Y and Youdim MBH (2008) The neuroprotective effect of
ladostigil against hydrogen peroxide-mediated cytotoxicity Chem-Biol
Interact 175 318ndash26
Sahai A Malladi P Melin-Aldana H Green RM and Whitington PF
(2004) Up regulation of osteopontin expression is involved in the
development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in a dietary murine model Am
J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 287 G264-G273
Sahreen S Rashid Khan M and Ali Khan R (2010) Evaluation of
antioxidant activities of various solvent extracts of Carissa opaca fruits
Food Chemistry 122 1205ndash1211
Sairam K Rao ChV Babu MD Kumar V Agarwal VK and Goel
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Antioxidative properties of xanthan on the autoxidation of soybean oil in
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Antioxidant effect of aqueous extract of the bark of Ficus bengalensis in
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Hepatology 45 1366ndash1374
Yang H Roberts LJ Jian Shi M Chun Zhou Li Ballard BR
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Yang JS Lee SJ Park HW and Cha YS (2006) Effect of genistein
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Yang S Zhu H Li Y Lin H Gabrielson K Trush MA and Diehl
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Yu L Haley S Perret J Harris M Wilson J and Qian M (2002) Free
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Yun SN Moon SJ Ko SK Im BO and Chung SH (2004) Wild
ginseng prevents the onset of high-fat diet induced hyperglycemia and
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Zak B (1954) Cholesterol Methodologies A review Clin Chem 23 1201
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Zhang HM Chen SW Zhang LS and Feng XF (2008) The effects of
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Zhao B (2009) Natural antioxidants protect neurons in Alzheimerlsquos disease
and Parkinsonlsquos disease Neurochem Res 34 630ndash8
Zheng S Hoos L Cook J Tetzloff G Harry DJ and Van Heek M
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alcoholic fatty liver disease Vascular Health and Risk Management 4 235ndash
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Zhu X Zhang W Pang X Wang J Zhao J and Qu W (2011)
Hypolipidaemic effect of n-butanol extract from Asparagus officinalis L in
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Zimmerman H J and Seeff L B (1970) Enzymes in hepatic disease In E
L Goodly (Ed) Diagnostic Enzymology (pp 1ndash38) Philadelphia USA
Lea amp Febiger
Zimmet P Shaw J and Alberti KG (2003) Preventing Type 2 Diabetes
and the Dysmetabolic Syndrome in the Real World a Realistic View Diabet
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Brash DE and Havre PA (2002) New careers for antioxidants Proc
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Hepatology 44 487ndash8
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(Eds) Pregman Press
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and Wakil SJ (2000) The subcellular localization of acetyl-CoA
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Burits M and Bucar F (2000) Antioxidant activity of Nigella sativa
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Cakir A Ahmet Yildirim MA Duru M E HArmandar M and Kazaz
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flavonoids in plant samples Lancet 179
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Aleppo Pine (Pinus halepensis Mill) seeds cultivated in Tunisia Food
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Cytotoxic triterpenes from the aerial roots of Ficus microcarpa
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mechanism for polyunsaturated fatty acid regulation of gene transcription
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Daniel RS Mathew BC Devi KS and Augusti KT (1998) Antioxidant
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hypercholesterolaemia Current Science 78 486ndash487
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Gastroenterology 114 842-5
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Encapsulation of natural antioxidants extracted from Ilex paraguariensis
Carbohydrate Polymers 71 126ndash134
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of Natural compounds 40(1) 4-27
Denechaud PD Dentin R Girard J and Postic C (2008) Role of
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antioxidant activity index (AAU) for natural products using the DPPH assay
Food Chemistry 125 1430ndash1435
Dentin R Girard J and Postic C (2005) Carbohydrate responsive element
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(SREBP-1c) two key regulators of glucose metabolism and lipid synthesis in
liver Biochime 8781ndash6
Devasagayam TPA Kamat JP and Sreejayan N (2001) Antioxidant
action of curcumin In micronutrients and health Molecular Biological
Mechanisms (eds Nesartnam K And Packer L) AOCS Press Champaign
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Di Carlo G Mascolo N and Izzo AA (1999) Flavonoids old and new
aspects of a class of natural therapeutic drugs Life Sci 65 337-53
Di Majo D Giammanco M La Guardia M Tripoli E Giammanco S
and Finotti E (2005) Flavonones in citrus fruit Structure-antioxidant
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endothelial function is prevented by CuZn superoxide dismutase
overexpression Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 25 90ndash95
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tubers isolation characterization quantification and antioxidant properties
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reesterification in triglycerides secretion and in FFA reesterification Am J
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Domenicali M Vendemiale G Serviddio G Grattagliano I Pertosa
AM Nardo B Principe A Viola A Trevisani F Altomare E
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ischemia-reperfusion is modulated by nutritional status Dig Liver Dis 37
689ndash697
Donnelly KL Smith CI Schwarzenberg SJ Jessurun J Boldt MD
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management Indian Drugs 32 139
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fatty liver disease World J Gastroenterol 13 4539ndash4550
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Eisenberg M Kessler RC Foster C Norlock FE Calkins DR and
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radical scavenging properties of lignans Organic and Bimolecular
Chemistry 21 3336ndash3347
Ekstedt M Franzeacuten LE Mathiesen UL Thorelius L Holmqvist M
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NAFLD and elevated liver enzymes Hepatology 44 865ndash873
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NADPH supported oxidase activity and lipid peroxidation dependent on
ethanol-inducible cytochrome P-450 (P-450 IIE1) Biochem Pharmacol 38
1313ndash9
El-Dakhakhny M Mady NI and Halim M (2000) Nigella sativa L oil
protects against induced hepatotoxicity and improves serum lipid profile in
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Emery MG Fisher JM and Chien JY (2003) CYP2E1 activity before
and after weight loss in morbidly obese subjects with nonalcoholic fatty
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Esterbauer H Schaur RJ and Zollner H (1991) Chemistry and
biochemistry of 4-hydroxynonenal malonaldehyde and related aldehydes
Free Radical Biology amp Medicine 11 (1) 81ndash128
Evans P and Halliwell B (1999) Free radicals and hearing Cause
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Fang YZ Yang S and Wu G (2002) Free radicals antioxidants and
nutrition Nutrition 18 872-879
Fardet A Llorach R Martin JF Besson C Lyan B Pujos-Guillot E
and Scalbert A (2008) Aliquid chromatographyndashquadrupole time-of-flight
(LCndashQTOF)-based metabolomic approach reveals new metabolic effects of
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Farrel GC Larter CZ (2006) Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease from
steatosis to cirrhosis Hepatology 43S99ndash112
Feig M Onufriev A Lee MS Im W Case DA and Brooks CL
(2004) Performance comparison of generalized born and Poisson methods
in the calculation of electrostatic solvation energies for protein structures
Journal of Computational Chemistry 25 (2) 265ndash84 doi101002jcc10378
PMID 14648625
Feldstein AEWerneburg NW Canbay A Guicciardi ME Bronk
SF Rydzewski R Burgart LJ and Gores GJ (2004) Free fatty acids
promote hepatic lipotoxicity by stimulating TNF-alpha expression via a
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Ferannini E Natalie A and Bell P (1997)Insulin resistance and
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Flora SJ (2007) Role of free radicals and antioxidants in health and disease
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Fraga C Leibovitz B and Tappel A (1987a) Halogenated compounds as
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Medicine 3 119-123
Francis G Kerem Z Makkar HPS and Becker K (2002) The
biological action of saponins in animal systems a review British Journal of
Nutrition 88 587ndash605
Frei B and Higdon JV (2003) Antioxidant activity of tea polyphenols in
vivo evidence from animal studies J Nutr 133 3275Sndash84S
Fromenty B Robin MA Igoudjil A Mansouri A and Pessayre D
(2004) The ins and outs of mitochondrial dysfunction in NASH Diabetes amp
Metabolism 30 121ndash138
Fruhwirth GO Loidl A and Hermetter A (2007) Oxidized
phospholipids From molecular properties to disease Biochem Biophys
Acta 1772 718-736
Fryer MJ (1992) The antioxidant effects of thyla Vit E Plant cell Environ
15 381
Gaetani G Ferraris A and Rolfo M (1996) Predominant role of catalase
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Ganapathy S (2004) Emerging strategy in the study of natural products
Indian Journal of
Germano MP Sanogo R Costa C Fulco R Ando DV Torrel EA
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Girish S Achliya Sudhir Wadodkar G Avinash and Dorle K (2004)
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induced hepatic damage in rats J Ethanopharmacology 90 229-232
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adipocytes and vascular function J Clin Endocrinol Metab 892563ndash2568
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body fat Physiol Behav 94 164ndash8
Grattagliano I Caraceni P Calamita G Ferri D Gargano I Palasciano
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and oxidative stress in rats Eur J Clin Invest 38 523-530
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Liver 40th
di Elsevier 1858
Green RM and Flamm S (2002) AGA Technical review of evaluation of
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Grill V and Bjoumlrklund A (2009) Impact of metabolic abnormalities for
beta cell function clinical significance and underlying mechanisms Mol
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Grusak MA (2002) Phytochemicals in plants genomics-assisted plant
improvement for nutritional and health benefits Curr Opin Biotechnol 13
508ndash511
Guumllccedilin I Mshvildadze V Gepdiremen A and Elias R (2004)
Antioxidant activity of saponins isolated from ivy a-hederin hederasaponin-
C hederacolchiside-E and hederacolchiside-F Planta Medica 70 561ndash563
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antioxidant activity of a triterpenoid glycoside isolated from the berries of
Hedera colchica 3-O-(b-D-glucopyranosyl)-hederagenin Phytotherapy
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Antioxidant and analgesic activities of turpentine of Pinus nigra Arn Subsp
Pallsiana (Lamb) Holmboe J Ethanopharm 86 51-58
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activities of peel pulp and seed fractions of common fruits as determined by
FRAP assay Nutrition Research 23 1719ndash1726
Gupta R and Misra A (2007) Type 2 diabetes in India regional
disparities Br J Diab Vasc Dis 7(1)12ndash6
Gurumoorthy V Hindu Jan-23rd 2011
Guzik TJ Korbut R and Adamek-Guzik T (2003) Nitric oxide and
superoxide in inflammation and immune regulation Journal of Physiology
and Pharmacology 54 (4) 469-487
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action of medicinal herbs from Ghana Thonningia sanguine on
experimentally induced liver injuries General Pharmacol 32 661-667
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Haddad M Miyamoto T Laurens V and Lacaille-Dubois MA (2003)
Two new biologically active triterpenoidal saponins acylated with salicylic
acid from Albizia adianthifolia Journal of Natural Products 66 372ndash377
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and hepatoprotective effects of silibinin in a rat model of nonalcoholic
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biochemistry and role in human disease American Journal of Medicine
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Halliwell B (1993) The role of oxygen radicals in human disease with
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Halliwell B (1994) Free radicals antioxidants and human disease
curiosity cause or consequence Lancet 344 721ndash724
Halliwell B (1996) Antioxidants in human health and disease Annual
Review of Nutrition 16 33-50
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Halliwell B (2001) Role of free radicals in the neurodegenerative diseases
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Halliwell B (2002) Effect of diet on cancer development is oxidative DNA
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antioxidants in biological systems Free Radical Biol Med 18 125ndash126
Halliwell B and Gutteridge JMC (1999) Free Radicals in Biology and
Medicine Oxford Oxford University Press 347ndash352
Halliwell B Aeschbach R Loliger J and Aruoma OI (1995) The
characterization of antioxidant Food Chem Toxicol 33 601-617
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antioxidants and human disease where are we now J Lab Clin Med 119
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Halliwell B Gutteridge MC and Aruoma OI (1987) The deoxyribose
method a simple test tube assay for determination of rate constants for
reactions of hydroxyl radicals Analytical Biochemistry 165 215ndash219
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high-fat-diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in rats Food Chemistry 129
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Handa SS Sharma A and Charaborti KK (1986) Natural products and
plants as lives protecting drugs Fitoterpia 57 307-45
Hansson A Zelada JC and Noriega HP (2005) Revaluations of risks
with the use of Ficus insipid latex as a traditional anthelmintic remedy in the
Amazon Journal of Ethnopharmacology 98 251ndash257
Harada N Oda Z Hara Y Fujinami K Okawa M Ohbuchi K
Yonemoto M Ikeda Y Ohwaki K Aragane K Tamai Y Kusunoki
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Harborne JB (1973) Phytochemical methods Chapman and Hall New
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Harbrone JBC (1973) Phytochemical methods Chapman and Hall
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Harrison P Degen SJ Williams R and Farzaneh F (1994) Hepatic
expression on hepatocyte-growth-factor-likemacrophage-stimulating protein
mRNA in fulminant hepatic failure Lancet 344 27ndash29
Harvey AL (2008) Drug Discov Today 13 894e901
Harwood H J Jr Petras SF Shelly LD Zaccaro LM Perry DA
Makowski MR Hargrove DM Martin KA Tracey WR Chapman
JG Magee WP Dalvie DK Soliman VF Martin WH Mularski CJ
and Eisenbeis SA (2003) J Biol Chem 278 37099
Harwood H J Jr (2004) Acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibition for the
treatment of metabolic syndrome Curr Opin Investig Drugs 5 283ndash289
Harwood HJ Jr Exp Opin Cardiovasc Renal (2005) 9 267
Hassan II Askar AA Gehan A EL-Shourbagy A (2004) Influence of
some medicinal plants on performances physiological and meat quality traits
of broiler chicks Egypt Poult Sci 24 247ndash266
Hausner EA Schlingmann KL Chen HW Gillies PJ Kieras CJ
Ross PE and Van Pelt CS (1995) Hepatic and adrenal changes in rabbits
associated with hyperlipidemia caused by a semi-synthetic diet Laboratory
Animal Science 45 663ndash670
Hawkins CL Brown BE and Davies MJ (2001) Hypochlorite- and
hypobromite-mediated radical formation and its role in cell lysis Arch
Biochem Biophys 395 137-145
Haynes P Liangpunsakul S and Chalasani N (2004) Nonalcoholic fatty
liver disease in individuals with severe obesity Clin Liver dis 8 535-547
Hebbel RP Leung A and Mohandas N (1990) Oxidation-induced
changes in microheological properties of the red cell membrane 76 1015-
1022
Hedge JE and Hofreiter BT (1962) Detremination of reducing sugars
Methods in Carbohydrate chemistry ML Academic Press New York 1
388-389
Hedge K Joshi AB (2009) Hepatoprotective effect of Carissa carandus
Linn root extract against CCl4 and paracetamol induced hepatic oxidative
stress Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 47 660-667
Heibatollah S Reza NM Izadpanah G and Sohailla S (2008)
Hepatoprotective effect of Cichorium intybus on CCl4 induced liver damage
in rats African Journal of Biochemistry 2(6) 141-144
Helader L M Alakomi H-L Latva-Kala K Mattila- Sandholm T Pol
I Smid E J Gorris L G and Von Wright A (1998) J Agric Food
Chem46 3590
Heuman DM Pandak WM Hylemon PB and Vlahzevic ZR (1991)
Conjugates of ursodeoxycholate protect against cytotoxicity of more
hydrophobic bile salts Hepatology 14 920ndash926
Higuchi N Kato M and Shundo Y (2008) LiverXreceptor in cooperation
with SREBP-1c is a major lipid synthesis regulator in nonalcoholic fatty
liver disease Hepatol Res 38(11) 1122ndash9
Hileman EO Liu J Albitar M Keating MJ and Huang P (2004)
Intrinsic oxidative stress in cancer cells a biochemical basis for therapeutic
selectivity Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 53 209ndash19
Hillwell B (1994) Free radicals antioxidants and human disease Curiosity
cause or constipation Lancet 344 721-724
Hirabara SM Silveira LR Abdulkader F Carvalho CR Procopio J
and Curi R (2007) Time-dependent effects of fatty acids on skeletal muscle
metabolism J Cell Physiol 210 7ndash15
Ho Y Magnenat J Gargano M and Cao J (1998) Env Health Perspect
106 1219-1228
Hodgson EK and Fridovich I (1975) The interaction of bovine
erythrocyte superoxide dismutase with hydrogen peroxide
chemiluminescence and peroxidation Biochemistry 14 5299ndash5303
Holley AE and Cheeseman KH (1993) Measuring free radical reactions
in vivo British Medical Bulletin 49 494ndash505
Horn WT and Menaham LA (1981) A sensitive method for the
determination of free fatty acids in plasma J Lipid Res 22 377-381
Horton JD and Shimomura I (1999) Sterol regulatory element-binding
proteins activators of cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis Curr Opin
Lipidol 10 143ndash50
Houghton P J Zarka R Heras B and Hoult JRS (1995) Fixed oil of
Nigella sativa and derived thymoquinone inhibit eicosanoid generation in
leukocytes and membrane lipid peroxidation Planta Med 61 33-36
Houstis N Rosen ED Lander ES (2006) Reactive oxygen species have
a causal role in multiple forms of insulin resistance Nature 440944ndash8
httpclinicaltrialsgovct2showNCT00065676intrfrac1422quercetin
22amprankfrac145 (accessed 170609)
Hu C and Kitts DD (2005) Dendelion (Taraxacum officinale) flower
extract suppresses both reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide and prevents
lipid oxidation in vitro Phytomedicine 12 588ndash597
Huang D Ou B and Prior RL (2005) The chemistry behind antioxidant
capacity assays Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53(6)
1841minus1856
Inzucchi SE (2002) Oral antihyperglycemic therapy for type 2 diabetes
scientific review Journal of American Medical Association 287 360ndash372
Iovin Nicole M Seema Pursnani Voldman A Wasserman G Blaser
MJ and Weinrauch Y (2008) Reactive nitrogen species contribute to
innate host defense against Camoylobacter jjuni Infection and Immunity
76(3) 986-93
Ismail M Ghanya Al-Naqeep Kim Wei Chan (2010) Nigella sativa
thymoquinone-rich fraction greatly improves plasma antioxidant capacity
and expression of antioxidant genes in hypercholesterolemic rats Free
Radical Biology amp Medicine 48 664ndash672
Itagaki S Kurokawa T Nakata C Saito Y Oikawa S Kobayashi T
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ferulic acid a comparative study with other natural oxidation inhibitors
Food Chem 114 466ndash471
Jacob RA (1995) The integrated antioxidant system Nutrition Research
15 755-766
Jain S Dixit Malviya N and Ambawata V (2009) Antioxidant and
Hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic and aqueous extract of Amorphallus
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6(4) 423-428
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WB (ed) Enzymatic Basis of Detoxification Academic press New York
63-94
James O and Day C (1999) Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis another disease
of affluence Lancet 353 (9165) 1634ndash1636
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Momordica charantia powder on serum glucose levels and various lipid
parameters in rats fed with cholesterol-free and cholesterolenriched diets
Journal of Ethnopharmacology 72(1-2)331-336
Jendrassik L and Grof P (1938) Biochem 2297 81
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cancers of the alimentary tract Mutation Research 551(1ndash2) 9minus28
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phosphat dehydrogenase and the red cell Adv Exp Med Biol 500 595-605
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streptozotocin diabetes on some urea cycle enzyme Biochem BiophysRes
Commun 106 37-43
Joven J Rull A Ferreacute N Escolagrave-Gil JC Marsillach J Coll B
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results in rodent models of atherosclerosis are not interchangeable the
influence of diet and strain Atherosclerosis 195 e85ndashe92
Juntachote T and Berghofer E (2005) Antioxidative properties and
stability of ethanolic extracts of Holy basil and Galangal Food Chem 92
193ndash202
Juurlink BH and Paterson PG (1998) Review of oxidative stress in brain
and spinal cord injury suggestions for pharmacological and nutritional
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Kiyoshi Mizuguchi (2009) Suppression of hepatic fat accumulation by
highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid prevents the progression of D-
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diet Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1791 281ndash288
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BiochemBiophys 21 130- 132
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proliferators-activated receptors in the pathogenesis and treatment of
nonalcoholic fatty liver disease World J Gastroenterol 1422ndash8
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properties of tocopherols and tocotrienols Lipids 31 671-701
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Kantartzis K Peter A Machicao F Machann J Wagner S
Koumlnigsrainer I Koumlnigsrainer A Schick F Fritsche A Haumlring HU
and Stefan N (2009) Diabetes 58 2616ndash2623
Kappus H (1991) Lipid peroxidation-mechanism and biological relevance
In O I Aruoma amp B Halliwell (Eds) Free radicals and food additives (pp
59ndash75) London UK Taylor and Francis Press
Karan M Vasisht K and Handa SS (1999) Antihepatotoxic activity of
Swrtia chirata on paracetamol and galactosamine induced hepatotoxicity in
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Kumaryasava on CCl4 induced hepatic damage in rats Indian Journal of
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Katina K Arendt E Liukkonen KH Autio K Flander L and Poutanen
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Science and Technology 16 104ndash112
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Free Radical Research 24 199ndash204
Kaufmann (1999) National products of high pharmacological potency
Biochem pharmacol 32 1141-1148
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and profound elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase in healthy
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Khan MS Nema N Kharya MD and Khanam S (2009)
Chromatographic estimation of maturity based phytochemical profiling of
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Khan N and Sultana ST (2005) Chemomodulatory effect of Ficus
racemosa extract against chemically induced renal carcinogenesis and
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Kim YS Bahn KN Hah CK Gang HI and Ha YL (2008)
Inhibition of 712-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene induced mouse skin
carcinogenesis by Artemisia capillaries J Food Sci 73 T16ndash20
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(SP) prevents the onset of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in Zucker
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Nature reviews Drug discovery 3(11) 935ndash49 doi101038nrd1549
PMID 15520816
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Krishnamoorthy V Divianathan S Subramanian B and Shanmugam M
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Lansky EP Helena M Paavilainena Alison D Pawlus B Robert A
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Le K Chiu F and Ng K (2007) Identification and quantification of
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Le PM Benhaddou-Andaloussi A Elimadi A Settaf A Cherrah Y
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Lee GS Yan JS Ng RK Kakar S and Maher JJ (2007)
Polyunsaturated fat in the methionine-choline-deficient diet influences
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Lee JK N and Min DB (2004) Reactive Oxygen Species Aging and
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Lee KS Buck M Houglum K and Chojkier M (1995) Activation of
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Dietary carvacrol lowers body weight gain but improves feed conversion in
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Lenhard JM (2007) Gottschalk WK (2002) Preclinical developmentsin
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Li H Wang QJ Zhu DN and Yang Y (2008) Reinioside C a
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Lieber CS Leo MA Mak KM Xu Y Cao Q Ren C
Ponomarenko A and DeCarli LM (2004) Model of nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 79(3) 502ndash509
Lin J Yang R Tarr PT Wu PH Handschin C and Li S (2005)
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Lindor KD Dickson ER Baldus WP Jorgensen RA Ludwig J
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Lindor KD Kodley KV Heathcote EJ Harrison ME Jorgensen R and
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Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Instructorlsquos Resource Parthlsquos
Pathophysiology Concepts of Altered Health States Seventh edition 2008
Liu C H Hung M T and Huang P C (1995) Source of triacylglycerol
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Liu F and Ng TB (2000) Antioxidative and free radical scavenging
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Lizardi-Cervera J and Aquilar-Zapata D (2009) Nonalcoholic fatty liver
disease and its association with cardiovascular disease 8 S40ndashS43
Lopez-Avila V L and A and Yefchak G (2009) Use of GC-QTOF MS to
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Lopez-Garcia E Schulze MB Meigs JB Manson JE Rifai N and
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Louchami K Zhang Y Oguzhan B Delporte C Portois L and
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Ludwig J Viggiano TR McGill DB and Ott BJ (1980) Non-alcoholic
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Lyon CJ Law RE and Hsueh WA (2003) Minireview adiposity
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Mabrouk GM Moselhy SS Zohny SF Ali EM Helal TE Amin
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Madan MP Raghavan G Singh AK and Palpu P (2005) Free radical
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Mahendran P and Devi CSS (2001) The modulating effect of Garicinia
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Mahmoud MR El-Abhar HS and Saleh S (2002) The effect of Nigella
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Makino I Shinozaki K Yoshino K and Nakagawa S (1975)
Dissolution of cholesterol gallstones by long-term administration of
ursodeoxycholic acid Nippon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi 72 690ndash702
Malik EP Singh MB (1980) Plant Enzymology and Hittoenzymology
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Mallikharjuna PB Rajanna LN Seetharam YN and Sharanabasappa
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Medicinal Plant 4(4) 510-518
Manco M Calvani M and Mingrone G (2004) Effects of dietary fatty
acids on insulin sensitivity and secretion Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism
6 402ndash413
Manian R Anusuya N Siddhuraju P and Manian S (2008) The
antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging potential of two different
solvent extracts of Camellia sinensis (L) O Kuntz Ficus bengalensis L and
Ficus racemosa L Food Chemistry 107 1000ndash1007
Marchand LL Murphy SP Hankin JH Wilkens LR Kolonel LN
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Marchesini G Bugianesi E Forlani G Cerrelli F Lenzi M Manini
R Natale S Vanni E Villanova N Melchionda N and Rizzetto M
(2003) Nonalcoholic fatty liver steatohepatitis and the metabolic syndrome
Hepatology 37 917ndash 923
Mari M Caballero F Colell A Morales A Caballeria J Fernandez
A Enrich C Fernandez-Checa JC and Garcia-Ruiz C (2006)
Mitochondrial free cholesterol loading sensitizes to TNF and Fas-meidated
steatohepatitis Cell Metabolism 4 185ndash198
Marimuthu P Wu CL Chang HT and Chang ST (2008) Antioxidant
activity of the ethanolic extract from the bark of Chamaecyparis obtuse var
Formosana J Sci Food Agric 88
Mariod AA Ibrahim RM Ismail M and Ismail N (2009) Antioxidant
activity and phenolic content of phenolic rich fractions obtained from black
cumin (Nigella sativa) seedcake Food Chemistry 116 306ndash312
Maron DJ (2004) Flavonoids for reduction of atherosclerotic risk Curr
Atheroscler Rep 6 73-78
Marra F Gastaldelli A Svegliati Baroni G Tell G and Tiribelli C
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steatohepatitis Trends Mol Med 14 72ndash81
Mason JS Morize I Menard PR Cheney DL Hulme C and
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Mates JM Perez-Gomez C and Decastro IN (1999) Clin Chem 32
595-603
Matsuzawa N Takamura T Kurita S Misu H Ota T Ando H
Yokoyama M Honda M Zen Y Nakanuma Y Miyamoto K and
Kaneko S (2007) Lipid-induced oxidative stress causes steatohepatitis in
mice fed an atherogenic diet Hepatology 46 1392ndash1403
Matsuzawa Y Shimomura I Nakamura T Keno Y Kotani K and
Tokunaga K (1995) Pathophysiology and pathogenesis of visceral fat
obesity Obes Res 3 187Sndash194S
Matteoni C Younossi Z Gramlich T Boparai N and Liu Y (1999)
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease a spectrum of clinical and pathological
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Matthaei S StumvollM Kellerer M and Haring (2000) Endocr H-U
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Matthew Ricci (2008) NAFLD (Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease) A
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Matthew Cave Ion Deaciuc Christian Mendez Zhenyuan Song Swati
Joshi-Barve Shirish Barve Craig McClain (2007) Nonalcoholic fatty liver
disease predisposing factors and the role of nutrition Journal of Nutritional
Biochemistry 18 184ndash 195
Mavrelis PG Ammon HV Gleysteen JJ Komorowski RA and
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Mayes AP (1993) Structure and function of the lipid soluble vitamins In
Murray KR Graner KD Mayes AP and Rodwell WV Harperlsquos
Biochemistry Chap 53 Prentice-Hall International Inc 23rd
edition 588-
590
Mazur A Bayle D Lab C Rock E and Rayssiguier Y (1999)
Inhibitory effect of procyanidin-rich extracts on LDL oxidation in vitro
Atherosclerosis 145 421ndash422
McCay PB (1985) Vitamin E Interactions with free radicals and
ascorbate Ann Rev Nutr 5 323-340
McCullough AJ (2004) The clinical features diagnosis and natural history
of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Clinics in Liver Disease 8 521ndash533
McDougall GJ Dobson P Smith P Blake A and Stewart D (2005)
Assessing potential bioavallability of raspberry anthocyanins using an in
vitro digestion system Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53(15)
5896minus5904
Mehta B K Sharma U Pandit V Agrawal S Joshi N and Gupta M
(2008) Med Chem Res 17 462ndash473
Meng EC Shoichet BK and Kuntz ID (2004) Automated docking
with grid-based energy evaluation Journal of Computational Chemistry 13
(4) 505ndash524 doi101002jcc540130412
Merchant JR Bakshi VM and Engineer AB (1979) Chemical
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Mervat MM and Taie HAA (2009) Antioxidant activities total
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Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 3(4) 3609-3616
Meydani M (2000) Vitamin E and prevention of heart disease in high-risk
patients Nutr Rev 58 278-281
Meyer SA and Kulkarni AP (2001) Hepatotoxicity in Introduction to
biochemical toxicology 3rd
Edition edited by E Hodgson and R C Smart (A
John Wiley amp Sons Inc New York) 487
Mezzetti A Di Ilio C Calafiore AM Aceto A Marzio L Frederici G
and Cuccurullo F (1990) Glutathione peroxidase glutathione reductase and
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Michael Metz (2005) Liver function tests IMVS News letter 57
Michalak A (2006) Phenolic compounds and their antioxidant activity in
plants growing under heavy metal stress Polish J Environ Studies 15(4)
523-530
Milagro FI Campioacuten J and Martiacutenez JA (2006) Weight gain induced
by high-fat feeding involves increased liver oxidative stress Obesity (Silver
Spring) 14 1118ndash1123
Miliauskas G Venskutonis PR and Van Beek TA (2004) Screening of
radical scavenging activity of some medicinal and aromatic plant extracts
Food Chemistry 85 231ndash237
Ming M Guanhua L Zhanhai Y Guang C and Xuan Z (2009) Effect
of the Lycium barbarum polysaccharides administration on blood lipid
metabolism and oxidative stress of mice fed high-fat diet in vivo Food
Chemistry 113 872ndash877
Misra A Khurana L Vikram NK Goel A and Wasir JS (2007)
Metabolic syndrome in children current issues and South Asian perspective
Nutrition 23(11ndash12)895ndash910
Misra A Misra R Wijesuriya M and Banerjee D (2007) The metabolic
syndrome in south Asians continuing escalation amp possible solutions Indian
J Med Res 125(3)345ndash54
Misra A Vikram NK (2004) Insulin resistance syndrome (metabolic
syndrome) and obesity in Asian Indians Evidence and implications
Nutrition 20482ndash491
Mithra SK Seshadri SJ Venkataranganna MV Gopumadhavan S
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mushroom against rat liver oxidative damage and fibrosis induced by CCL4
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India 52468ndash474
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antioxidant vitamins and trace elements supplemented diets on activities of
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peroxynitrite In health and disease Physiological Reviews 87(1) 315ndash424
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Pan HZ Zhang H Chang D Li H and Sui H (2008) The change of
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Ayurvedic Herbal Medicine Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratisthan Delhi p316
Park CH Yamabe N Noh JS Kang KS Tanaka T Yokozawa T
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Perez-Amador MC Ocotero VM Castaneda JMG and Esquinca
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Perry G Cash AD Srinivas R and Smith MA (2002) Metals and
oxidative homeostasis in Alzheimerlsquos disease Drug Development and
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action Diabetologia 47170ndash84
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Prasad K (2010) Effects of vitamin E on serum enzymes and electrolytes in
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oxidative damage in rat tissues and its attenuation by dietary sesame oil
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Rahman NN Khan M and Hasan R (1994) Bioactive components from
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Rajkapoor B Anandan R and Jayakar B (2002) Anti-ulcer effect of
Nigella sativa Linn against gastric ulcers in rats Curr Sci 82 177ndash179
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nutraceutical applications of black cumin (Nigella sativa L) an overview
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abyssinica Cass) crude seed oils upon stripping Eur J Lipid Sci Technol
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Randhawa MA and Al-Ghamdi MS (2002) A review of the
pharmacotherapeutic effects of Nigella sativa Pakistan Journal of Medical
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Rao BR Murugresan T Sinha S Saha BP Pal M and Mandal SC
(2002) Glucose lowering efficacy of Ficus racemosa barks extract in normal
and alloxan diabetic rats Phytotherapy Research 16 590ndash592
Rao CV Arti R Verma M Vijayakumar S Rastogi (2008)
Gastroprotective effect of standardized extract of Ficus glomerata fruit on
experimental gastric ulcers in rats Journal of Ethnopharmacology 115
323ndash326
Rao KS (2009) Free radical induced oxidative damage to DNA relation to
brain aging and neurological disorders Indian J Biochem Biophys 46 9ndash15
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
Evans C (1999) Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231ndash1237
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
Evans C (1999) Antioxidant activity applying in an improved radical cation
decolorisation assay Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231-1237
Recknagel RO Glende EA JR Waller RL and Loery K (1982) Lipid
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Reitman S Frankel S (1957) Amer JClin Path 2856
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ed New York Academic
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activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids J Free Radic Biol
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Richter C (1987) Biophysical consequences of lipid peroxidation in
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Rinella ME Elias MS Smolak RR Fu T Borensztajn J and Green
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methionine choline-deficient diet J Lipid Res 491068ndash76
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Roberts CK Barnard RJ Sindhu RK Jurczak M Ehdaie A and
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and antioxidant enzymes in diet-induced metabolic syndrome Metabolism
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Robertson G Leclercq I and Farrell GC (2001) Nonalcoholic steatosis
and steatohepatitis II Cytochrome P-450 enzymes and oxidative stress
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(5) G1135ndashG1139
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Romeo S Sentinelli F Dash S Yeo GS Savage DB Leonetti F
Capoccia D Incani M Maglio C Iacovino M OlsquoRahilly S and Baroni
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Romero AM Mirtha MD Sturia MA and Judis MA (2004)
Antioxidant properties of polyphenol-containing extract from soybean
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820
Rosenberg HR (1992) Chemistry and Physiology of the citamins Inter
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Rosselli MS Adriana L Burgue˜nob Julieta Carabelli Mariano Schumanb
Carlos J Pirolab and Silvia Sookoiana (2009) Losartan reduces liver
expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in a high fat-induced
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protective effect of Calotropis procera against alloxan-induced diabetics in
rats J Ethanopharmacol 102 470-473
Ryan L OConnell O OSullivan L Aherne SA and OBrien NM
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Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 63(3) 127minus133
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Sagi Y and Youdim MBH (2008) The neuroprotective effect of
ladostigil against hydrogen peroxide-mediated cytotoxicity Chem-Biol
Interact 175 318ndash26
Sahai A Malladi P Melin-Aldana H Green RM and Whitington PF
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development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in a dietary murine model Am
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Sahreen S Rashid Khan M and Ali Khan R (2010) Evaluation of
antioxidant activities of various solvent extracts of Carissa opaca fruits
Food Chemistry 122 1205ndash1211
Sairam K Rao ChV Babu MD Kumar V Agarwal VK and Goel
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Sallie R Tredgr JM and William (1999) Drugs and the liver Biopharm
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Samuel VT Liu ZX Qu X Elder BD Bilz S Befroy D Romanelli
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Sanyal AJ (2001) Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease a medical consequence
of globalisation Indian JGastroenterol 20 215-216
Sanyal AJ (2002) GA technical review on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Gastroenterology 123 1705ndash1725
Sanyal AJ Campbell-Sargent C Mirshahi F Rizzo WB Contos MJ
Sterling RK Luketic VA Shiffman ML and Clore JN (2001)
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis association of insulin resistance and
mitochondrial abnormalities Gastroenterology 120 (5) 1183ndash1192
Sarabu R and Tilley J (2005) Annu Rep Med Chem 40 167e181
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Sasaki YF Kawaguchi S KamayaA OhshitaM Kabasawa K and
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Satheesh AM and Pari L (2004) Antioxidant effect of Boerhavia diffusa
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Satyavati GV (1982) Some traditional medical systems and practise of
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Sauberlich HE (1999) Laboratory tests for the assessment of nutritional
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Ed CRC press Boca RatonFL
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Schaalan M El-Abhar HS Barakat M and El-Denshary ES (2008)
Westernized-likediet-fed rats effect on glucose homeostasis lipid profile
and adipocyte hormones and their modulation by rosiglitazone and
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Scherer R and Godoy HT (2009) Antioxidant activity index (AAI) by the
22- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method Food Chemistry 112 654ndash658
Schrauwen P (2007) High-fat diet muscular lipotoxicity and insulin
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Scott MD Lubin BH Zuo L and Kuypers FA (1991) Erythrocyte
defence against hydrogen peroxide Preeminent importance of catalase J
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Sen CK (1995) Oxygen toxicity and antioxidants state of the art Int J
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Sen CK (2003) The general case for redox control of wound repair
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Seth and Bhawana Sharma (2004) Medicinal plants in India Commentary
Indian J Med Res 120 9-11
Sgro C and Escousse A (1991) Side effects of fibrates (except liver and
muscle) Therapie 46 351ndash354
Sharma SK and Gupta VK (2008) PHCOG MAGRearch article In vitro
antioxidant studies of Ficus Racemosa Linnroot 13 (4) 70-74
Sharma P and Dubey RSH (2005) Drought induces stress and enhances
the activities of antioxidant enzymes in growing rice seedlings Plant Growth
hybrid mean were Regul 46 209-221
Shenoy KA Somayaji SN and Bairy KL (2001) Hepatoprotective
effects of Ginkgo biloba against CCl4 induced hepatic injury in rats Ind J
Pharamacol 33 260-266
Shigeoka S Ishikawa T Tamoi M Miyagawa Y Takeda T Yabuta
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peroxidise isoenzymes J Exp Bot 53(372) 1305-1319
Shimada K Fujikawa K Yahara K and Nakamura T (1992)
Antioxidative properties of xanthan on the autoxidation of soybean oil in
cyclodextrin emulsion J Agric Food Chem 40 945ndash948
Shimano H (2009) SREBPs physiology and pathophysiology of the
SREBP family FEBS J 276616ndash621
Shimizu MH Araujo M Borges SM De Tolassa EM and Seguro
AC (2004) Influence of age and vitamin E on post-ischemic acute renal
failure Exp Gerontol 39 825-830
Shoelson SE Lee J and Goldfine AB (2006) Inflammation and insulin
resistance J Clin Invest 116 1793ndash1801
Shukla R Gupta S Gambhir JK Prabhu KM and Murthy PS (2004)
Antioxidant effect of aqueous extract of the bark of Ficus bengalensis in
hypercholesterolaemic rabbits Journal of Ethnopharmacology 92 47ndash51
Sido B Hack V and Hochlehner A (1998) Impairment of intestinal
glutathione synthesis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease [J] Int J
Gastroenterol Hepatol 42(4) 485-492
Sies H (1997) Oxidative stress oxidants and antioxidants Exp Physiol
82 291-295
Sies H and Cadenas E (1985) Oxidative stress damage to intact cells and
organs Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 311 617-631
Silva BA Ferreres F Malva JO and Dias ACP (2005)
Phytochemical and antioxidant characterization of Hypericum perforatum
alcoholic extracts Food Chemistry 90 157ndash167
Singanan V Singana M and Begum H (2007) The hepatoprotective
effect of Bael leaves in alcohol induced liver injury in albino rats
International J Science and Technology 2(2) 83-92
Singh M Govindarajan R Nath V Singh RAK and Mehrotra S
(2006) Antimicrobial wound healing and antioxidant activity of
Plagiochasma appendiculatum Lehm et Lind Journal of
Ethanopharamacology 107 67-72
Singh R Wang Y Schattenberg JM Xiang Y and Czaja MJ (2009)
Chronic oxidative stress sensitizes hepatocytes to death from 4-
hydroxynonenal by JNKc-Jun overactivation Am J Physiol Gastrointest
Liver Physiol 297 G907-G917
Singh SP Nayak S and Swain M (2004) Prevalence of non-alcoholic
fatty liver disease in coastal eastern India a preliminary ultrasonographic
survey Trop Gastroentrol 25 76-9
Sirisha N Sreenivasulu M Sangeeta K and Madhusudhana Chetty C
(2010) Antioxidant Properties of Ficus Species ndash A Review International
Journal of PharmTech Research CODEN (USA) IJPRIF ISSN 0974-
4304 Vol2 No4 pp 2174-2182 Oct-Dec 2010
Sivarajan VV and Balachandran I (1994) Ayurvedic Drugs and their
Plant Source Oxford and IBH Publishing Co Pvt Ltd New Delhi India
Smid E J De Witte Y and Gorris L G M (1995) Postharvest Biol
Technol 6 303
Smirnoff N (2001) ―L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis Vitam Horm 61 241-
266
Smirnoff N Cumbes QJ (1989) Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of
compatible solutes Phytochemistry 281057-1060
Solga S Alkhuraishe AR and Clark JM (2004) Dietary composition
and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Dig Dis Sci 491578ndash83
Son IS Kim JH Sohn HY Son KH Kim JS and Kwon CS
(2007) Antioxidative and hypolipidaemic effects of diosgenin a steroidal
saponin of yam (Dioscorea spp) on high-cholesterol fed rats Bioscience
Biotechnology and Biochemistry 71 3063ndash3071
Song BJ Moon KH and Olsson NU (2008) Prevention of alcoholic
fatty liver and mitochondrial dysfunction in the rat by long-chain
polyunsaturated fatty acids J Hepatol 49 262ndash273
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curcuminoids Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 49 105ndash107
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lupeol linoleate on lipemicndashoxidative stress in experimental
hypercholesterolemia Life Science 78 1329ndash1335
Sun Q Ma J Campos H Hankinson SE Manson JE and Stampfer
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Yang H Roberts LJ Jian Shi M Chun Zhou Li Ballard BR
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Yang JS Lee SJ Park HW and Cha YS (2006) Effect of genistein
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Yang S Zhu H Li Y Lin H Gabrielson K Trush MA and Diehl
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Yun SN Moon SJ Ko SK Im BO and Chung SH (2004) Wild
ginseng prevents the onset of high-fat diet induced hyperglycemia and
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Zak B (1954) Cholesterol Methodologies A review Clin Chem 23 1201
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Zhao B (2009) Natural antioxidants protect neurons in Alzheimerlsquos disease
and Parkinsonlsquos disease Neurochem Res 34 630ndash8
Zheng S Hoos L Cook J Tetzloff G Harry DJ and Van Heek M
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L Goodly (Ed) Diagnostic Enzymology (pp 1ndash38) Philadelphia USA
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Cakir A Ahmet Yildirim MA Duru M E HArmandar M and Kazaz
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Cave M Deaciuc I Mendez C Song Z Joshi-Barve S and Barve S
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Ceriello A (2003) New insights on oxidative stress and diabetic
complication may lead to a causal antioxidant therapy Diabetes Care 26
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Ceylan-Isik AF Fliethman RM Wold LE and Ren J (2008) Herbal
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Edition (Books amp Allied (P) Ltd Calcutta) 135
Chaudary SA Tayyab M and Ditta A (1996) Serum Lipid Profile in
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Cheikh Rouhou S Hentati B Besbes S Blecker C Deroanne C and
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Cytotoxic triterpenes from the aerial roots of Ficus microcarpa
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pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Clin Liver Dis 8575ndash94
Cioffi G Dal Piaz F De Caprariis P Sanego R Marzocco S Autore
G and De Tommasi N (2006) Antiproliferative triterpene saponins from
Entada africana Journal of Natural Products 69 1323ndash1329
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mechanism for polyunsaturated fatty acid regulation of gene transcription
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 281 G865ndash869
Comalada MD CAmuesco S Sierra I Ballester J Xaus J Galvez and
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Craig WJ (1970) Health-promoting properties of common herbs Am J
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Cronan JE Jr and Waldrop GL (2002) Multi-subunit acetyl-CoA
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Hodder Arnold London 426
Cross CE Halliwell B Borish ET Pryor WA Ames BN Saul RL
McCord JM and Harman D (1987) Oxygen radicals and human disease
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Cross CE Reznick AZ Packer L Davis PZ SuzukiYJ and
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Cui W Chen SL and Hu KQ (2010) Quantification and mechanisms of
oleic acid induced steatosis in HepG2 cells Am J Transl Res 2 95-104
Czakoacute L Szabolcs A Vajda A Csaacuteti S Venglovecz V and
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aggravates necrotizing pancreatitis in rats European Journal of
Pharmacology 572 74ndash81
Daba MH and Abdel-Rahman MS (1998) Hepatoprotective activity of
thymoquinone in isolated rat hepatocytes Toxicology Letters 95 23ndash29
Dandona P Aljada A Chaudhuri A Mohanty P and Rajesh G (2004)
Metab Syndr RelatDisord 2 2e8
Daniel RS Mathew BC Devi KS and Augusti KT (1998) Antioxidant
effect of two flavonoids from the bark of Ficus bengalensis Linn in
hyperlipidemic rats Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 36 902ndash906
Das S Vasisht S Das SN and Srivastava LM (2000) Correlation
between total antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in
hypercholesterolaemia Current Science 78 486ndash487
Das U (2002) A radical approach to cancer Med Sci Monit 8 RA79ndash92
Day CP James O (1998) Steatohepatitis a tale of two hits
Gastroenterology 114 842-5
De Jong N Plat J and Mensink RP (2003) Metabolic effects of plant
sterols and stanol J Nutr Biochem 14 362-369
Deladino L Anbinder PS Navarro AS and Martino MN (2008)
Encapsulation of natural antioxidants extracted from Ilex paraguariensis
Carbohydrate Polymers 71 126ndash134
Delaquis P Stanich K and Toivonen P (2005) Effect of pH on the
inhibition of Listeria spp by vanillin and vanillic acid Journal of Food
Protein 68 1472-1476
Delazar A Reid RG and Sarker SD (2004) GC-MS analysis of the
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Food Chemistry 125 1430ndash1435
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ethanol-inducible cytochrome P-450 (P-450 IIE1) Biochem Pharmacol 38
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protects against induced hepatotoxicity and improves serum lipid profile in
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Fardet A Llorach R Martin JF Besson C Lyan B Pujos-Guillot E
and Scalbert A (2008) Aliquid chromatographyndashquadrupole time-of-flight
(LCndashQTOF)-based metabolomic approach reveals new metabolic effects of
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Feig M Onufriev A Lee MS Im W Case DA and Brooks CL
(2004) Performance comparison of generalized born and Poisson methods
in the calculation of electrostatic solvation energies for protein structures
Journal of Computational Chemistry 25 (2) 265ndash84 doi101002jcc10378
PMID 14648625
Feldstein AEWerneburg NW Canbay A Guicciardi ME Bronk
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promote hepatic lipotoxicity by stimulating TNF-alpha expression via a
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Medicine 3 119-123
Francis G Kerem Z Makkar HPS and Becker K (2002) The
biological action of saponins in animal systems a review British Journal of
Nutrition 88 587ndash605
Frei B and Higdon JV (2003) Antioxidant activity of tea polyphenols in
vivo evidence from animal studies J Nutr 133 3275Sndash84S
Fromenty B Robin MA Igoudjil A Mansouri A and Pessayre D
(2004) The ins and outs of mitochondrial dysfunction in NASH Diabetes amp
Metabolism 30 121ndash138
Fruhwirth GO Loidl A and Hermetter A (2007) Oxidized
phospholipids From molecular properties to disease Biochem Biophys
Acta 1772 718-736
Fryer MJ (1992) The antioxidant effects of thyla Vit E Plant cell Environ
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Ganapathy S (2004) Emerging strategy in the study of natural products
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Girish S Achliya Sudhir Wadodkar G Avinash and Dorle K (2004)
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Grattagliano I Caraceni P Calamita G Ferri D Gargano I Palasciano
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and oxidative stress in rats Eur J Clin Invest 38 523-530
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Liver 40th
di Elsevier 1858
Green RM and Flamm S (2002) AGA Technical review of evaluation of
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Guumllccedilin I Mshvildadze V Gepdiremen A and Elias R (2004)
Antioxidant activity of saponins isolated from ivy a-hederin hederasaponin-
C hederacolchiside-E and hederacolchiside-F Planta Medica 70 561ndash563
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antioxidant activity of a triterpenoid glycoside isolated from the berries of
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Gurumoorthy V Hindu Jan-23rd 2011
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acid from Albizia adianthifolia Journal of Natural Products 66 372ndash377
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and hepatoprotective effects of silibinin in a rat model of nonalcoholic
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Halliwell B (1993) The role of oxygen radicals in human disease with
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Handa SS Sharma A and Charaborti KK (1986) Natural products and
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Hansson A Zelada JC and Noriega HP (2005) Revaluations of risks
with the use of Ficus insipid latex as a traditional anthelmintic remedy in the
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Harada N Oda Z Hara Y Fujinami K Okawa M Ohbuchi K
Yonemoto M Ikeda Y Ohwaki K Aragane K Tamai Y Kusunoki
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Harborne JB (1973) Phytochemical methods Chapman and Hall New
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Harrison P Degen SJ Williams R and Farzaneh F (1994) Hepatic
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Harvey AL (2008) Drug Discov Today 13 894e901
Harwood H J Jr Petras SF Shelly LD Zaccaro LM Perry DA
Makowski MR Hargrove DM Martin KA Tracey WR Chapman
JG Magee WP Dalvie DK Soliman VF Martin WH Mularski CJ
and Eisenbeis SA (2003) J Biol Chem 278 37099
Harwood H J Jr (2004) Acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibition for the
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Biochem Biophys 395 137-145
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Hedge K Joshi AB (2009) Hepatoprotective effect of Carissa carandus
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Hepatoprotective effect of Cichorium intybus on CCl4 induced liver damage
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Heuman DM Pandak WM Hylemon PB and Vlahzevic ZR (1991)
Conjugates of ursodeoxycholate protect against cytotoxicity of more
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Higuchi N Kato M and Shundo Y (2008) LiverXreceptor in cooperation
with SREBP-1c is a major lipid synthesis regulator in nonalcoholic fatty
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a causal role in multiple forms of insulin resistance Nature 440944ndash8
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Hu C and Kitts DD (2005) Dendelion (Taraxacum officinale) flower
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Iovin Nicole M Seema Pursnani Voldman A Wasserman G Blaser
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Ismail M Ghanya Al-Naqeep Kim Wei Chan (2010) Nigella sativa
thymoquinone-rich fraction greatly improves plasma antioxidant capacity
and expression of antioxidant genes in hypercholesterolemic rats Free
Radical Biology amp Medicine 48 664ndash672
Itagaki S Kurokawa T Nakata C Saito Y Oikawa S Kobayashi T
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Jain S Dixit Malviya N and Ambawata V (2009) Antioxidant and
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James O and Day C (1999) Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis another disease
of affluence Lancet 353 (9165) 1634ndash1636
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Johnson IT (2004) New approaches to the role of diet in the prevention of
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Joven J Rull A Ferreacute N Escolagrave-Gil JC Marsillach J Coll B
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Kallwitz ER McLachlan A and Cotler SJ (2008) Role of peroxisome
proliferators-activated receptors in the pathogenesis and treatment of
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Kamal-Eldin A and Appelqvist LA (1996) The chemistry and antioxidant
properties of tocopherols and tocotrienols Lipids 31 671-701
Kamat JP Boloor KK Devasagayam TPA and Venkatachalam SR
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Kantartzis K Peter A Machicao F Machann J Wagner S
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and Stefan N (2009) Diabetes 58 2616ndash2623
Kappus H (1991) Lipid peroxidation-mechanism and biological relevance
In O I Aruoma amp B Halliwell (Eds) Free radicals and food additives (pp
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Karan M Vasisht K and Handa SS (1999) Antihepatotoxic activity of
Swrtia chirata on paracetamol and galactosamine induced hepatotoxicity in
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Karu N Reifen R and Kerem Z (2007) Weight gain reduction in mice
fed Panax ginseng saponin a pancreatic lipase inhibitor J Agric Food Chem
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Kataria M and Singh LN (1997) Hepatoprotective effect of Liv-52 and
Kumaryasava on CCl4 induced hepatic damage in rats Indian Journal of
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Katina K Arendt E Liukkonen KH Autio K Flander L and Poutanen
K (2005) Potential of sourdough for healthier cereal products Trends Food
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Kaufmann (1999) National products of high pharmacological potency
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Kechagias S Ernersson A Dahlqvist O Lundberg P Lindstrom T and
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and profound elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase in healthy
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Keeling CI and Bohlmann J (2006) Genes enzymes and chemicals of
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Kefalas P Kallithraka S Parejo I and Makris DP (2003) Food Sci
Technol Int 9 383
Kelloff GJ Boone CW Crowell JA Steele VE Lubet RA Doody
LA Maolone WF Hawk ET and Sigman CC (1996) New agents for
cancer chemoprevention J Cell Biochem 26s 1ndash28
Khan MS Nema N Kharya MD and Khanam S (2009)
Chromatographic estimation of maturity based phytochemical profiling of
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Khan N and Sultana ST (2005) Chemomodulatory effect of Ficus
racemosa extract against chemically induced renal carcinogenesis and
oxidative damage response in Wistar rats Life Sciences 77 1194ndash1210
Kim YS Bahn KN Hah CK Gang HI and Ha YL (2008)
Inhibition of 712-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene induced mouse skin
carcinogenesis by Artemisia capillaries J Food Sci 73 T16ndash20
Kim YY Kang HJ Ko SK and Chung SH (2002) Sopungsungiwon
(SP) prevents the onset of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in Zucker
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King J (1965a) The hydrolases-acid and alkaline phosphatise In Practical
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King J (1965b) The dehydrogenase or oxidoreductase-Lactate
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Kinnunen PK (1991) On the principles of functional ordering in biological
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Kitchen DB Decornez H Furr JR and Bajorath J (2004) Docking and
scoring in virtual screening for drug discovery methods and applications
Nature reviews Drug discovery 3(11) 935ndash49 doi101038nrd1549
PMID 15520816
Kiyici M Gulten M Gurel S Nak SG Dolar E and Savci G (2003)
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Klichko VI Radyuk SN and Orr WC (2004) Profiling catalase gene
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Knight JA (2000) Review Free radicals antioxidants and the immune
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Koek GH et al Clinica Chimica Acta xxx (2011) xxxndashxxx Koek GH et
al The role of oxidative stress in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Clin Chim
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Koumlksal E Guumllccedilin İ Ozturk Sarıkaya S B and Bursal E (2009) In vitro
antioxidant activity of silymarin Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and
Medicinal Chemistry 24(2) 395minus405
Kondo K Hirano R Matsumoto A Igarashi O and Itakura H (1996)
Inhibition of LDL oxidation by cocoa Lancet 348 1514
Koneacute WM Atindehou KK Terreaux C Hostettmann K Traoreacute D
and Dosso M (2004) Traditional medicine in North Cocircte-DlsquoIvoire
Screening of 50 medicinal plants for antibacterial activity Journal of
Ethnopharmacology 93 43ndash49
Koppe SW Elias M Moseley RH and Green RM (2009) Trans fat
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insulin resistance compared with a standard murine high-fat diet Am J
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Korchak HM (1962) Regulation of hepatic lipogenesis Tufts Folia Med
8 134ndash43
Kordali S Cakir A Mavi A Kilic H and Yildirim A (2005) Screening
of chemical composition and antifungal and antioxidant activities of the
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Koruk M Savascedil MC Yilmaz O Tayscedil iS Karakok M Guumlndolsquogdu C
and Yilmaz A (2003) Serum lipids lipoproteins and apolipoproteins levels
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Gastroenterology 37 177ndash182
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GLUT4 glucose transporter deficiency increases hepatic lipid production and
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Kotronen A Seppanen-Laakso T and Westerbacka J (2009) Hepatic
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Krishnamoorthy V Divianathan S Subramanian B and Shanmugam M
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Anticarcinogens in Nutrition Health and Disease the Royal Society of
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59
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Meriones shawi obegravese et diabeacutetique Espeacuterance Meacutedicale 47 72ndash74
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Lansky EP Helena M Paavilainena Alison D Pawlus B Robert A
and Newmana B (2008) Ficus spp (fig) Ethnobotany and potential as
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Le K Chiu F and Ng K (2007) Identification and quantification of
antioxidants in Fructus lycii Food Chemistry 105 353ndash363
Le PM Benhaddou-Andaloussi A Elimadi A Settaf A Cherrah Y
and Haddad P (2004) The petroleum ether extract of Nigella sativa exerts
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Ethnopharmacology 94 251ndash259
Leclercq I Field J Erriquez A Farrell GC (2007) Robertson G
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Leclercq IA (2007) Pathogenesis of steatohepatitis insights from the study
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Lee GS Yan JS Ng RK Kakar S and Maher JJ (2007)
Polyunsaturated fat in the methionine-choline-deficient diet influences
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Lee JK N and Min DB (2004) Reactive Oxygen Species Aging and
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Lee KS Buck M Houglum K and Chojkier M (1995) Activation of
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Dietary carvacrol lowers body weight gain but improves feed conversion in
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Lee SE Hwang HJ and HA JS (2003) Screening of medicinal plant
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Lenhard JM (2007) Gottschalk WK (2002) Preclinical developmentsin
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Li H Wang QJ Zhu DN and Yang Y (2008) Reinioside C a
triterpene saponin of Polygala aureocauda Dunn exerts hypolipidemic effect
on hyperlipidemic mice Phytotherapy Research 22 159ndash164
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Food Chemistry 53(1) 103minus110
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pathological role Physiol Rev 77 517ndash 44
Lieber CS Leo MA Mak KM Xu Y Cao Q Ren C
Ponomarenko A and DeCarli LM (2004) Model of nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 79(3) 502ndash509
Lin J Yang R Tarr PT Wu PH Handschin C and Li S (2005)
Hyperlipidemic effects of dietary saturated fats mediated through PGC-1β
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Lindor KD Dickson ER Baldus WP Jorgensen RA Ludwig J
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Lindor KD Kodley KV Heathcote EJ Harrison ME Jorgensen R and
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HO in vitro and in vivo Free Radical Biology and Medicine 16 29ndash36
Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Instructorlsquos Resource Parthlsquos
Pathophysiology Concepts of Altered Health States Seventh edition 2008
Liu C H Hung M T and Huang P C (1995) Source of triacylglycerol
accumulation in lives of rats fed a cholesterol-supplemented diet Lipids 30
527ndash531
Liu F and Ng TB (2000) Antioxidative and free radical scavenging
activities of selected medicinal herbs Life Sciences 66 725ndash735
Liu F Ooi VEC and Chang S T (1997) Free radical scavenging
activity of mushroom polysaccharide extracts Life Science 60 763-771
Liu L and Meydani M (2002) Combined vitamin C and E
supplementation retards early progression of arteriosclerosis in heart
transplant patients Nutr Rev 60 368-371
Lizardi-Cervera J and Aquilar-Zapata D (2009) Nonalcoholic fatty liver
disease and its association with cardiovascular disease 8 S40ndashS43
Lopez-Avila V L and A and Yefchak G (2009) Use of GC-QTOF MS to
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Lopez-Garcia E Schulze MB Meigs JB Manson JE Rifai N and
Stampfer MJ (2005) l Consumption of trans fatty acids is related to plasma
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Louchami K Zhang Y Oguzhan B Delporte C Portois L and
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Ludwig J Viggiano TR McGill DB and Ott BJ (1980) Non-alcoholic
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Lyon CJ Law RE and Hsueh WA (2003) Minireview adiposity
inflammation and atherogenesis Endocrinology 144 2195ndash2200
Mabrouk GM Moselhy SS Zohny SF Ali EM Helal TE Amin
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Madan MP Raghavan G Singh AK and Palpu P (2005) Free radical
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Mahmoud MR El-Abhar HS and Saleh S (2002) The effect of Nigella
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in mice Journal of Ethnopharmacology 79 1ndash11
Makino I Shinozaki K Yoshino K and Nakagawa S (1975)
Dissolution of cholesterol gallstones by long-term administration of
ursodeoxycholic acid Nippon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi 72 690ndash702
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Mallikharjuna PB Rajanna LN Seetharam YN and Sharanabasappa
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Medicinal Plant 4(4) 510-518
Manco M Calvani M and Mingrone G (2004) Effects of dietary fatty
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6 402ndash413
Manian R Anusuya N Siddhuraju P and Manian S (2008) The
antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging potential of two different
solvent extracts of Camellia sinensis (L) O Kuntz Ficus bengalensis L and
Ficus racemosa L Food Chemistry 107 1000ndash1007
Marchand LL Murphy SP Hankin JH Wilkens LR Kolonel LN
(2000) J Natl Cancer Inst 92 154
Marchesini G Bugianesi E Forlani G Cerrelli F Lenzi M Manini
R Natale S Vanni E Villanova N Melchionda N and Rizzetto M
(2003) Nonalcoholic fatty liver steatohepatitis and the metabolic syndrome
Hepatology 37 917ndash 923
Mari M Caballero F Colell A Morales A Caballeria J Fernandez
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Mitochondrial free cholesterol loading sensitizes to TNF and Fas-meidated
steatohepatitis Cell Metabolism 4 185ndash198
Marimuthu P Wu CL Chang HT and Chang ST (2008) Antioxidant
activity of the ethanolic extract from the bark of Chamaecyparis obtuse var
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Mariod AA Ibrahim RM Ismail M and Ismail N (2009) Antioxidant
activity and phenolic content of phenolic rich fractions obtained from black
cumin (Nigella sativa) seedcake Food Chemistry 116 306ndash312
Maron DJ (2004) Flavonoids for reduction of atherosclerotic risk Curr
Atheroscler Rep 6 73-78
Marra F Gastaldelli A Svegliati Baroni G Tell G and Tiribelli C
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steatohepatitis Trends Mol Med 14 72ndash81
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Mates JM Perez-Gomez C and Decastro IN (1999) Clin Chem 32
595-603
Matsuzawa N Takamura T Kurita S Misu H Ota T Ando H
Yokoyama M Honda M Zen Y Nakanuma Y Miyamoto K and
Kaneko S (2007) Lipid-induced oxidative stress causes steatohepatitis in
mice fed an atherogenic diet Hepatology 46 1392ndash1403
Matsuzawa Y Shimomura I Nakamura T Keno Y Kotani K and
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Matteoni C Younossi Z Gramlich T Boparai N and Liu Y (1999)
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Matthaei S StumvollM Kellerer M and Haring (2000) Endocr H-U
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Matthew Ricci (2008) NAFLD (Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease) A
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Matthew Cave Ion Deaciuc Christian Mendez Zhenyuan Song Swati
Joshi-Barve Shirish Barve Craig McClain (2007) Nonalcoholic fatty liver
disease predisposing factors and the role of nutrition Journal of Nutritional
Biochemistry 18 184ndash 195
Mavrelis PG Ammon HV Gleysteen JJ Komorowski RA and
Charaf UK (1983) Hepatic free fatty acids in alcoholic liver disease and
morbid obesity Hepatology 3 226ndash231
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Biochemistry Chap 53 Prentice-Hall International Inc 23rd
edition 588-
590
Mazur A Bayle D Lab C Rock E and Rayssiguier Y (1999)
Inhibitory effect of procyanidin-rich extracts on LDL oxidation in vitro
Atherosclerosis 145 421ndash422
McCay PB (1985) Vitamin E Interactions with free radicals and
ascorbate Ann Rev Nutr 5 323-340
McCullough AJ (2004) The clinical features diagnosis and natural history
of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Clinics in Liver Disease 8 521ndash533
McDougall GJ Dobson P Smith P Blake A and Stewart D (2005)
Assessing potential bioavallability of raspberry anthocyanins using an in
vitro digestion system Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53(15)
5896minus5904
Mehta B K Sharma U Pandit V Agrawal S Joshi N and Gupta M
(2008) Med Chem Res 17 462ndash473
Meng EC Shoichet BK and Kuntz ID (2004) Automated docking
with grid-based energy evaluation Journal of Computational Chemistry 13
(4) 505ndash524 doi101002jcc540130412
Merchant JR Bakshi VM and Engineer AB (1979) Chemical
investigation of fruits of Ficus glomerata Roxb Indian J Chem 17B 87ndash88
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Meydani M (2000) Vitamin E and prevention of heart disease in high-risk
patients Nutr Rev 58 278-281
Meyer SA and Kulkarni AP (2001) Hepatotoxicity in Introduction to
biochemical toxicology 3rd
Edition edited by E Hodgson and R C Smart (A
John Wiley amp Sons Inc New York) 487
Mezzetti A Di Ilio C Calafiore AM Aceto A Marzio L Frederici G
and Cuccurullo F (1990) Glutathione peroxidase glutathione reductase and
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523-530
Milagro FI Campioacuten J and Martiacutenez JA (2006) Weight gain induced
by high-fat feeding involves increased liver oxidative stress Obesity (Silver
Spring) 14 1118ndash1123
Miliauskas G Venskutonis PR and Van Beek TA (2004) Screening of
radical scavenging activity of some medicinal and aromatic plant extracts
Food Chemistry 85 231ndash237
Ming M Guanhua L Zhanhai Y Guang C and Xuan Z (2009) Effect
of the Lycium barbarum polysaccharides administration on blood lipid
metabolism and oxidative stress of mice fed high-fat diet in vivo Food
Chemistry 113 872ndash877
Misra A Khurana L Vikram NK Goel A and Wasir JS (2007)
Metabolic syndrome in children current issues and South Asian perspective
Nutrition 23(11ndash12)895ndash910
Misra A Misra R Wijesuriya M and Banerjee D (2007) The metabolic
syndrome in south Asians continuing escalation amp possible solutions Indian
J Med Res 125(3)345ndash54
Misra A Vikram NK (2004) Insulin resistance syndrome (metabolic
syndrome) and obesity in Asian Indians Evidence and implications
Nutrition 20482ndash491
Mithra SK Seshadri SJ Venkataranganna MV Gopumadhavan S
Udupa UV and Sarma DNK (2000) Effect of HD-03-a herbal
formulation in galactosamine induced hepatopathy in rats Indian J Physiol
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Modi KP Patel NM and Goyal R K (2008) Estimation of L-topaf from
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Mohan V (2004) Why are Indians more prone to diabetes J Assoc Phys
India 52468ndash474
Mohan V and Deepa R (2006) Adipocytokines and The expanding Asian
Indian Phenotype J Assoc Physic Ind 54 685-6
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Moon YJ Wang X Morris and ME (2006) Toxicol In Vitro 20 187
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mortality in middle aged Finnishmen The Kuopio Ischaemic heart disease
risk factor study Br J Nutr 100 (4) 890ndash895
Musso G Gambino R and Cassader M (2009) Recent insights into
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Progress in Lipid Research 48 1e26
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relations to insulin resistance and postprandial lipemia in nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis Hepatology 37 909ndash16
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Naganna B (1989) Plasma proteins In Textbook of Biochemistry and
Human Biology Talwar GP Srivastava LM and Moudgil K D Prentice-
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Nair HK Rao KV Aalinkeel R Mahajan S Chawda R and Schwartz
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Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 11 63-69
Nakamoto K Takayama F Mankura M Hidaka Y Egashira T and
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model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis J Clin Biochem Nutr 44 239ndash46
Nanji AA (2004b) Another animal model for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
how close to the human condition The American Journal of Clinical
Nutrition 79(3) 350ndash351
Nanji AA (2004a) Animal models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and
steatohepatitis Clinics in Liver Disease 8 (3) 559ndash574 (ix)
Neuhouser ML (2004) Flavonoids and cancer risk evidence from human
population studies Nutr Cancer 50 1-7
Neuschwander-Tetri BA and Caldwell SH (2003) Nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis summary of an AASLD single topic conference Hepatology
371202ndash19
Newman DJ Cragg GM and Snader KM (2000) The influence of
natural products upon drug discovery Nat Prod Rep 17 175-285
Nickavar B Mojab F Javidnia K and Amoli M AR (2003) Chemical
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Clinical Chemistry Chap27 Oxford Press New York 1280-1282
Ninomiya M Shimada M and Harada N (2004) The hydroxyl radical
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Noctor G and Foyer CH (1998) Ascorbate and Glutathione Keeping
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Molecular Biology 49 249-279
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Lipids 99 11-19
Nsimba R Kikuzaki H and Konishi Y (2008) Antioxidant activity of
various extracts and fractions of Chenopodium quinoa and Amaranthus spp
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Nzowa LK Barboni L Teponno RB Ricciutelli M Lupidi G Luana
Quassinti L Massimo Bramucci M and Tapondjou LA (2010)
Rheediinosides A and B two antiproliferative and antioxidant triterpene
saponins from Entada rheedii Phytochemistry 71 254ndash261
OConnell OF Ryan L and OBrien NM (2007) Xanthophyll
carotenoids are more bioaccessible from fruits than dark green vegetables
Nutrition Research 27(5) 258minus264
Ogbonnia OS Nkemehule EF and Anyika NE (2009) Evaluation of
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(Fam Verbanaceae) extrct in animals Afr J Biotecnol 8(9) 1793-1799
Ogbonnia S Adekunle AA Bosa MK and Enwuru VN (2008)
Evaluation of acute and subacute toxicity of Alstnia congensis Engler
(Apocynaceae) bark and Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal)A Rich (Annonaceae)
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705
Oguzhan B Sancho V Acitores A Villanueva-Penacarrillo ML
Portois L and Chardigny JM (2006) Alteration of adipocyte metabolism
in omega3 fatty acid-depleted rats Horm Metab Res 38 789-798
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Okada Y Shibata S Ikekawa T Javellana AMJ and Kamo O (1987)
Entada saponin-III a saponin isolated from the bark of Entada phaseoloides
Phytochemistry 26 2789ndash2796
Okada Y Shibata S Javellana AMJ and Kamo O (1988) Entada
saponins (ES) II and IV from the bark of Entada phaseoloides Chemical and
Pharmaceutical Bulletin 36 1264ndash1269
Olszewska M (2007) Quantitative HPLC analysis of flavonoids and
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Acta Chromatographica 19 253-269
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convenient substrate for determination and study of L-and D-glutamyl trans
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Oteiza PI Erlejman AG Verstraeten SV Keen CL and Fraga CG
(2005) Flavonoidndashmembrane interaction a protective role of flavonoids at
the membrane surface Clin Dev Immunol 12 (1) 19ndash25
Owen R W Giacosa A Hull W E Haubner R Spiegelhalder B and
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compounds isolated from olive oil European Journal of Cancer 36 1235ndash
1247
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glucose amine Japanese Journal of Nutrition 44307-315
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diabetes Science 306457ndash61
Ozturk-Urek R Bozkaya LA and Tarhan L (2001) The effects of some
antioxidant vitamins and trace elements supplemented diets on activities of
SOD CAT GSH-Px and LPO levels in chicken tissues Cell Biochemistry
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Pacheco-Alvarez D Solorzano-Vargas RS and Leon-Del-Rio A (2002)
Biotin in metabolism and its relationship tohuman disease Arch Med Res
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peroxynitrite in health and disease Physiol Rev 87 (1) 315ndash424
Pacher P Beckman JS and Liaudet L (2007) Nitric oxide and
peroxynitrite In health and disease Physiological Reviews 87(1) 315ndash424
Paetau I Khachik F Brown ED Beecher GR Kramer TR and
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Pan HZ Zhang H Chang D Li H and Sui H (2008) The change of
oxidative stress products in diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy Br J
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tissue growth factor expression a potential mechanism involved in
progression to fibrosis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Hepatology 34738ndash
44
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Ayurvedic Herbal Medicine Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratisthan Delhi p316
Park CH Yamabe N Noh JS Kang KS Tanaka T Yokozawa T
(2009b) The beneficial effects of morroniside on the inflammatory response
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1740
Parrotta JA (2006) Healing Plants of Peninsular India CABI Publishing
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Pauly Nicolas Pucciariello C Mandon K Innocenti G Jamet A
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Peach and Tracey MV (1955) In modern methods of plant analyse 4
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Perez C Canal JR and Torres MD (2003) Experimental diabetes treated
with Ficus carica extract effect on oxidative stress parameters Acta
Diabetologica 40 3ndash8
Perez-Amador MC Ocotero VM Castaneda JMG and Esquinca
ARG (2007) Alkaloids in Solanum torvum Sw (Solanaceae) International
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Perry G Cash AD Srinivas R and Smith MA (2002) Metals and
oxidative homeostasis in Alzheimerlsquos disease Drug Development and
Research 56 293ndash299
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1042
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Involved in Collagen-Induced Platelet Activation Blood 91 (2) 484-490
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action Diabetologia 47170ndash84
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oxidative damage in rat tissues and its attenuation by dietary sesame oil
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Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2 289-292
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Ficus glomerata Pure and Applied Chemistry 66 2287ndash2290
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antihepatotoxic activity of Kamilari a polyherbal formulation J
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Rajkapoor B Anandan R and Jayakar B (2002) Anti-ulcer effect of
Nigella sativa Linn against gastric ulcers in rats Curr Sci 82 177ndash179
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nutraceutical applications of black cumin (Nigella sativa L) an overview
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(Nigella sativa L) coriander (Coriandrum sativum L) and niger (Guizotia
abyssinica Cass) crude seed oils upon stripping Eur J Lipid Sci Technol
106 35ndash43
Randhawa MA and Al-Ghamdi MS (2002) A review of the
pharmacotherapeutic effects of Nigella sativa Pakistan Journal of Medical
Research 41 77ndash83
Rao BR Murugresan T Sinha S Saha BP Pal M and Mandal SC
(2002) Glucose lowering efficacy of Ficus racemosa barks extract in normal
and alloxan diabetic rats Phytotherapy Research 16 590ndash592
Rao CV Arti R Verma M Vijayakumar S Rastogi (2008)
Gastroprotective effect of standardized extract of Ficus glomerata fruit on
experimental gastric ulcers in rats Journal of Ethnopharmacology 115
323ndash326
Rao KS (2009) Free radical induced oxidative damage to DNA relation to
brain aging and neurological disorders Indian J Biochem Biophys 46 9ndash15
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
Evans C (1999) Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231ndash1237
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
Evans C (1999) Antioxidant activity applying in an improved radical cation
decolorisation assay Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231-1237
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peroxidation ndashBiochemistry measurement and signified in liver cell injury in
toxicology in the liver edited by G L Plea and W R Hewilt (Raven press
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induced response of photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism in higher
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and benzyl adenine and dark- treated graving rice (Oryza sativa) leaves II
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710-723
Reitman S Frankel S (1957) Amer JClin Path 2856
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ed New York Academic
press 6 215-222
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activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids J Free Radic Biol
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Rinella ME Elias MS Smolak RR Fu T Borensztajn J and Green
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methionine choline-deficient diet J Lipid Res 491068ndash76
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Roberts CK Barnard RJ Sindhu RK Jurczak M Ehdaie A and
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and antioxidant enzymes in diet-induced metabolic syndrome Metabolism
55 928ndash934
Robertson G Leclercq I and Farrell GC (2001) Nonalcoholic steatosis
and steatohepatitis II Cytochrome P-450 enzymes and oxidative stress
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Capoccia D Incani M Maglio C Iacovino M OlsquoRahilly S and Baroni
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Antioxidant properties of polyphenol-containing extract from soybean
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Carlos J Pirolab and Silvia Sookoiana (2009) Losartan reduces liver
expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in a high fat-induced
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Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 63(3) 127minus133
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Sagi Y and Youdim MBH (2008) The neuroprotective effect of
ladostigil against hydrogen peroxide-mediated cytotoxicity Chem-Biol
Interact 175 318ndash26
Sahai A Malladi P Melin-Aldana H Green RM and Whitington PF
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Sairam K Rao ChV Babu MD Kumar V Agarwal VK and Goel
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Sanyal AJ (2002) GA technical review on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
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Sanyal AJ Campbell-Sargent C Mirshahi F Rizzo WB Contos MJ
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Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis association of insulin resistance and
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Sharma SK and Gupta VK (2008) PHCOG MAGRearch article In vitro
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Antioxidative properties of xanthan on the autoxidation of soybean oil in
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Shimizu MH Araujo M Borges SM De Tolassa EM and Seguro
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Antioxidant effect of aqueous extract of the bark of Ficus bengalensis in
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Phytochemical and antioxidant characterization of Hypericum perforatum
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Singanan V Singana M and Begum H (2007) The hepatoprotective
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Singh M Govindarajan R Nath V Singh RAK and Mehrotra S
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Ethanopharamacology 107 67-72
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Sirisha N Sreenivasulu M Sangeeta K and Madhusudhana Chetty C
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Smirnoff N Cumbes QJ (1989) Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of
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Solga S Alkhuraishe AR and Clark JM (2004) Dietary composition
and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Dig Dis Sci 491578ndash83
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saponin of yam (Dioscorea spp) on high-cholesterol fed rats Bioscience
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Song Y Manson JE Buring JE Sesso HD and Liu S (2005) J Am
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curcuminoids Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 49 105ndash107
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Stadlbauer V Fickert P Lackner C Schmerlaib J Krisper P Trauner
M and Stauber RE (2005) Hepatotoxicity of NONI juice Report of two
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Stanner SA Hughes J Kelly CN and Buttriss JA (2004) Review of
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Med Hypotheses 60 567-572
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Sudhahar V Kumar SA and Varalakshmi P (2006) Role of lupeol and
lupeol linoleate on lipemicndashoxidative stress in experimental
hypercholesterolemia Life Science 78 1329ndash1335
Sun Q Ma J Campos H Hankinson SE Manson JE and Stampfer
MJ (2007) A prospective study of trans fatty acids in erythrocytes and risk
of coronary heart disease Circulation 115 1858ndash1865
Sun WY Wei W Wu L Gui SY and Wang H (2007) Effects and
mechanisms of extract from Paeonia lactiflora and Astragalus
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Ethanopharmacol 112 514-524
Suntress ZA and Sheck PN (1995) Prevention of lung injury by
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Suresh PS Kumar A Kumar R and Singh VP (2008) An in silico
[correction of insilico] approach to bioremediation laccase as a case study
J Mol Graph Model 26 (5) 845ndash9 doi101016jjmgm200705005
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starvation its mechanism via tissue mobilization of cholesterol
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Szczeklik A Gryglewski RJ Domagala B Dworski R and Basista M
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Szeto YT Tomlinson B and Benzie IF (2002) Total antioxidant and
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Tapondjou AL Miyamoto T Mirjolet JF Guilbaud N and Lacaille-
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pursaetha Journal of Natural Products 68 1185ndash1190
Targher G Bertolini L Padovani R Poli F Scala L Zenari L
Zoppini G and Falezza G (2006) Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is
associated with carotid artery wall thickness in diet-controlled type 2 diabetic
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critical role of free radicals London
Teli MR James OF Burt AD Bennett MK and Day CP (1995)
The natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver a follow-up study
Hepatology 22 1714ndash1719
Tetri LH Basaranoglu M Brunt EM Yerian LM and Neuschwander-
Tetri BA (2008) Severe NAFLD with hepatic necroinflammatory changes
in mice fed trans fats and a high-fructose corn syrup equivalent Am J
Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 295 G987ndashG995
Thippeswamy NB and Naidu AK (2005) Antioxidant potency of cumin
varieties cumin black cumin and bitter cumin on antioxidant systems Eur
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Tietge UJ Boker KH Bahr MJ Weinberg S Pichlmayr R Schmidt
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gastroenterology 45(24) 2255-2260
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Tilak Khanal Jae Ho Choi Yong Pil Hwang Young Chul Chung Hye
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Platycodon grandiflorum against fatty liver in chronic ethanol feeding via the
activation of AMP-dependent protein kinase Food and Chemical
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Ting LP (1982) Plant physiology Addison Wesley Services in Life
Sciences New York USA
Tiwari O P and Tripathi Y B (2007) Antioxidant properties of different
fractions of Vitex negundo Linn Food Chemistry 100 1170ndash1176
Toledo FGS Sniderman AD and Kelley DE (2006) Influence of
hepatic steatosis (fatty liver) on severity and composition of dyslipidemia in
type 2 diabetes Diabetes Care 29 1845ndash50
Tomomichi Chonan Hiroaki Tanaka Daisuke Yamamoto Miyoko Yashiro
Takahiro Oi Daisuke Wakasugi Ayumi Ohoka-Sugita Fusayo Io Hiroko
Koretsune Akira Hiratate (2010) Design and synthesis of disubstituted (4-
piperidinyl)-piperazine derivatives as potent acetyl-CoA carboxylase
inhibitors Bioorganic amp Medicinal Chemistry Letters 20 3965ndash3968
Townsend KL Lorenzi MM and Widmaier EP (2008) High-fat diet-
induced changes in body mass and hypothalamic gene expression in wild-
type and leptindeficient mice Endocrine 33 176ndash188
Trenam CW Blake DR and Morris CJ (1992) Skin inflammation
reactive Oxygen Species and the role of iron Journal of Investigation
Dermatology 99 675-682
Trinder P (1969) Ann Clin Biochem 6 24
Trivedi CP Shinde S and Sharma RC (1969) Preliminary
phytochemical and pharmacological studies on Ficus racemosa extract
(Gular) Indian J Med Res 57 (6) 1070ndash1074
Tuck KL and Hayball PJ (2002) Major phenolic compounds in olive oil
metabolism and health effects Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 13 636ndash
644
Tundis R Bonesi M Deguin B Loizzo MR Menichini F Conforti F
and Menichini F (2009) Cytotoxic activity and inhibitory effect on nitric
oxide production of triterpene saponins from the roots of Physospermum
verticillatum (Waldst and Kit) (Apiaceae) Bioorganic and Medicinal
Chemistry 17 4542ndash4547
Uchida K (2003) 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal a product and mediator of
oxidative stress Prog Lipid Res 42 318-343
Upadhyay RK Pandey MB Jha RN and Pandey VB (2001)
Eclalbatin triterpine saponins from Eclipta alba J Asian Nat Prod Res 3
213-217
Upasani CD and Balaraman R (2001) Effect of vitamin e vitamin C and
spirulina on the levels of membrane bound enzymes and lipids in some
organs of rats exposed to lead Indian J Pharm 33 185-191
Urmila Thatte (2004) Challenges in clinical research on Herbs Indian
JNat Prod 19 (1) 35-36
Urquiaga I and Leighton F (2000) Plant polyphenol antioxidants and
oxidative stress Biol Res Biol 33(2) 55ndash64
Ur-Rahman A Sohail M Ahmed S Iqbal Choudhary M and Ur-
Rahman H (1985) Heterocycles 23 953ndash955
Valko M Leibfritz D Moncol J Cronin MT Mazur M and Telser J
(2007) Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and
human disease International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology 39
44ndash84
Valko M Rhodes CJ Moncol J Izakovic M and Mazur M (2006)
Free radicals metals and antioxidants in oxidative stress-induced cancer
Chem-Biol Interact 10 1ndash40
Van den Berg R Haenen GRMM Van den Berg H and Bast A
(1999) Applicability of an improved Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity
(TEAC) assay for evaluation of antioxidant capacity measurements of
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Venkat Ratnam D Ankolaa D Bhardwaja V Sahanaa DK and Ravi
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Yang H Roberts LJ Jian Shi M Chun Zhou Li Ballard BR
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Daniel RS Mathew BC Devi KS and Augusti KT (1998) Antioxidant
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Encapsulation of natural antioxidants extracted from Ilex paraguariensis
Carbohydrate Polymers 71 126ndash134
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of Natural compounds 40(1) 4-27
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Deng J Wangyuan Cheng and Guangzhong Yang (2011) A novel
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Food Chemistry 125 1430ndash1435
Dentin R Girard J and Postic C (2005) Carbohydrate responsive element
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(SREBP-1c) two key regulators of glucose metabolism and lipid synthesis in
liver Biochime 8781ndash6
Devasagayam TPA Kamat JP and Sreejayan N (2001) Antioxidant
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Di Carlo G Mascolo N and Izzo AA (1999) Flavonoids old and new
aspects of a class of natural therapeutic drugs Life Sci 65 337-53
Di Majo D Giammanco M La Guardia M Tripoli E Giammanco S
and Finotti E (2005) Flavonones in citrus fruit Structure-antioxidant
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reesterification in triglycerides secretion and in FFA reesterification Am J
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AM Nardo B Principe A Viola A Trevisani F Altomare E
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ischemia-reperfusion is modulated by nutritional status Dig Liver Dis 37
689ndash697
Donnelly KL Smith CI Schwarzenberg SJ Jessurun J Boldt MD
and Parks EJ (2005) Sources of fatty acids stored in liver and secreted via
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management Indian Drugs 32 139
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fatty liver disease World J Gastroenterol 13 4539ndash4550
Eaton DL and Bammler TK (1999) Concise review of Glutathione-S-
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Eisenberg M Kessler RC Foster C Norlock FE Calkins DR and
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Prevalence costs and patterns of use New Engl J Med 32 246-252
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radical scavenging properties of lignans Organic and Bimolecular
Chemistry 21 3336ndash3347
Ekstedt M Franzeacuten LE Mathiesen UL Thorelius L Holmqvist M
Bodemar G and Kechagias S (2006) Long-term follow-up of patients with
NAFLD and elevated liver enzymes Hepatology 44 865ndash873
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NADPH supported oxidase activity and lipid peroxidation dependent on
ethanol-inducible cytochrome P-450 (P-450 IIE1) Biochem Pharmacol 38
1313ndash9
El-Dakhakhny M Mady NI and Halim M (2000) Nigella sativa L oil
protects against induced hepatotoxicity and improves serum lipid profile in
rats Arzneimittelforschung 50 832ndash836
Ellmam GC (1959) Tissue sulfhydryl groups Archives of Biochemistry
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Emery MG Fisher JM and Chien JY (2003) CYP2E1 activity before
and after weight loss in morbidly obese subjects with nonalcoholic fatty
livers disease Hepatology 38 428ndash 35
Enriquez A Leclercq I Farrell GC and Robertson G (1999) Altered
expression of hepatic CYP2E1 and CYP4A in obese diabetic obob mice
and fafa Zucker rats Biochim Biophys Res Commun 255 300ndash 6
Esterbauer H Schaur RJ and Zollner H (1991) Chemistry and
biochemistry of 4-hydroxynonenal malonaldehyde and related aldehydes
Free Radical Biology amp Medicine 11 (1) 81ndash128
Evans P and Halliwell B (1999) Free radicals and hearing Cause
consequence and criteria Ann N Y Acad Sci 884 19-40
Fan JG Zhu J and Li XJ (2005) Fatty liver and the metabolic syndrome
among Shanghai adults J Gastroenterol Hepatol 20 1825-32
Fang YZ Yang S and Wu G (2002) Free radicals antioxidants and
nutrition Nutrition 18 872-879
Fardet A Llorach R Martin JF Besson C Lyan B Pujos-Guillot E
and Scalbert A (2008) Aliquid chromatographyndashquadrupole time-of-flight
(LCndashQTOF)-based metabolomic approach reveals new metabolic effects of
catechin in rats fed J Proteome Res 7 2388ndash2398
Farrel GC Larter CZ (2006) Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease from
steatosis to cirrhosis Hepatology 43S99ndash112
Feig M Onufriev A Lee MS Im W Case DA and Brooks CL
(2004) Performance comparison of generalized born and Poisson methods
in the calculation of electrostatic solvation energies for protein structures
Journal of Computational Chemistry 25 (2) 265ndash84 doi101002jcc10378
PMID 14648625
Feldstein AEWerneburg NW Canbay A Guicciardi ME Bronk
SF Rydzewski R Burgart LJ and Gores GJ (2004) Free fatty acids
promote hepatic lipotoxicity by stimulating TNF-alpha expression via a
lysosomal pathway Hepatology 40 185ndash194
Ferannini E Natalie A and Bell P (1997)Insulin resistance and
hypersecretion in obesity J Clin Invest 100 1166
Flora SJ (2007) Role of free radicals and antioxidants in health and disease
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Foti MC Daquino C and Geraci C (2004) Electron-transfer reaction of
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Foyer CH and Halliwell B (1976) The presence of glutathione activation
during plant stress Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 102B
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Fraga C Leibovitz B and Tappel A (1987a) Halogenated compounds as
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Medicine 3 119-123
Francis G Kerem Z Makkar HPS and Becker K (2002) The
biological action of saponins in animal systems a review British Journal of
Nutrition 88 587ndash605
Frei B and Higdon JV (2003) Antioxidant activity of tea polyphenols in
vivo evidence from animal studies J Nutr 133 3275Sndash84S
Fromenty B Robin MA Igoudjil A Mansouri A and Pessayre D
(2004) The ins and outs of mitochondrial dysfunction in NASH Diabetes amp
Metabolism 30 121ndash138
Fruhwirth GO Loidl A and Hermetter A (2007) Oxidized
phospholipids From molecular properties to disease Biochem Biophys
Acta 1772 718-736
Fryer MJ (1992) The antioxidant effects of thyla Vit E Plant cell Environ
15 381
Gaetani G Ferraris A and Rolfo M (1996) Predominant role of catalase
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Ganapathy S (2004) Emerging strategy in the study of natural products
Indian Journal of
Germano MP Sanogo R Costa C Fulco R Ando DV Torrel EA
Viscomi MG and Pasqualle DR (1999) Hpatoprotective properties in the
rat of Mitracarpus scaber (Rubaceae) J Pharm Pharmacol 51 729-734
Giovanelli G and Pagliarini E (2009) Antioxidant composition of tomato
products typically consumed in Italy Italian Journal of Food Science 21(3)
305-316
Girish S Achliya Sudhir Wadodkar G Avinash and Dorle K (2004)
Evaluation of hepatoprotective effect of Amalkadi Ghrita against CCl4
induced hepatic damage in rats J Ethanopharmacology 90 229-232
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adipocytes and vascular function J Clin Endocrinol Metab 892563ndash2568
Gomall AG et al (1949) Biolchem 177 751
Goris AH and Westerterp KR (2008) Physical activity fat intake and
body fat Physiol Behav 94 164ndash8
Grattagliano I Caraceni P Calamita G Ferri D Gargano I Palasciano
G and Portincasa P (2008) Severe liver steatosis correlates with nitrosative
and oxidative stress in rats Eur J Clin Invest 38 523-530
Gray (2008) Anatomy The Anatomical basis of clinical practice Chap 68
Liver 40th
di Elsevier 1858
Green RM and Flamm S (2002) AGA Technical review of evaluation of
liver chemistry tests Gasteroenteerology 123 1367-1384
Grill V and Bjoumlrklund A (2009) Impact of metabolic abnormalities for
beta cell function clinical significance and underlying mechanisms Mol
Cell Endocrinol 297 86ndash92
Grusak MA (2002) Phytochemicals in plants genomics-assisted plant
improvement for nutritional and health benefits Curr Opin Biotechnol 13
508ndash511
Guumllccedilin I Mshvildadze V Gepdiremen A and Elias R (2004)
Antioxidant activity of saponins isolated from ivy a-hederin hederasaponin-
C hederacolchiside-E and hederacolchiside-F Planta Medica 70 561ndash563
Guumllccedilin I Mshvildadze VA Gepdiremen A and Elias R (2006) The
antioxidant activity of a triterpenoid glycoside isolated from the berries of
Hedera colchica 3-O-(b-D-glucopyranosyl)-hederagenin Phytotherapy
Research 20 130ndash134
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activities of peel pulp and seed fractions of common fruits as determined by
FRAP assay Nutrition Research 23 1719ndash1726
Gupta R and Misra A (2007) Type 2 diabetes in India regional
disparities Br J Diab Vasc Dis 7(1)12ndash6
Gurumoorthy V Hindu Jan-23rd 2011
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Two new biologically active triterpenoidal saponins acylated with salicylic
acid from Albizia adianthifolia Journal of Natural Products 66 372ndash377
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and hepatoprotective effects of silibinin in a rat model of nonalcoholic
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method a simple test tube assay for determination of rate constants for
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Yonemoto M Ikeda Y Ohwaki K Aragane K Tamai Y Kusunoki
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and Eisenbeis SA (2003) J Biol Chem 278 37099
Harwood H J Jr (2004) Acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibition for the
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some medicinal plants on performances physiological and meat quality traits
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associated with hyperlipidemia caused by a semi-synthetic diet Laboratory
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hypobromite-mediated radical formation and its role in cell lysis Arch
Biochem Biophys 395 137-145
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changes in microheological properties of the red cell membrane 76 1015-
1022
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388-389
Hedge K Joshi AB (2009) Hepatoprotective effect of Carissa carandus
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stress Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 47 660-667
Heibatollah S Reza NM Izadpanah G and Sohailla S (2008)
Hepatoprotective effect of Cichorium intybus on CCl4 induced liver damage
in rats African Journal of Biochemistry 2(6) 141-144
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Chem46 3590
Heuman DM Pandak WM Hylemon PB and Vlahzevic ZR (1991)
Conjugates of ursodeoxycholate protect against cytotoxicity of more
hydrophobic bile salts Hepatology 14 920ndash926
Higuchi N Kato M and Shundo Y (2008) LiverXreceptor in cooperation
with SREBP-1c is a major lipid synthesis regulator in nonalcoholic fatty
liver disease Hepatol Res 38(11) 1122ndash9
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Intrinsic oxidative stress in cancer cells a biochemical basis for therapeutic
selectivity Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 53 209ndash19
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and Curi R (2007) Time-dependent effects of fatty acids on skeletal muscle
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erythrocyte superoxide dismutase with hydrogen peroxide
chemiluminescence and peroxidation Biochemistry 14 5299ndash5303
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a causal role in multiple forms of insulin resistance Nature 440944ndash8
httpclinicaltrialsgovct2showNCT00065676intrfrac1422quercetin
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Hu C and Kitts DD (2005) Dendelion (Taraxacum officinale) flower
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1841minus1856
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Iovin Nicole M Seema Pursnani Voldman A Wasserman G Blaser
MJ and Weinrauch Y (2008) Reactive nitrogen species contribute to
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76(3) 986-93
Ismail M Ghanya Al-Naqeep Kim Wei Chan (2010) Nigella sativa
thymoquinone-rich fraction greatly improves plasma antioxidant capacity
and expression of antioxidant genes in hypercholesterolemic rats Free
Radical Biology amp Medicine 48 664ndash672
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ferulic acid a comparative study with other natural oxidation inhibitors
Food Chem 114 466ndash471
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15 755-766
Jain S Dixit Malviya N and Ambawata V (2009) Antioxidant and
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James O and Day C (1999) Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis another disease
of affluence Lancet 353 (9165) 1634ndash1636
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and spinal cord injury suggestions for pharmacological and nutritional
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Katina K Arendt E Liukkonen KH Autio K Flander L and Poutanen
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Koruk M Savascedil MC Yilmaz O Tayscedil iS Karakok M Guumlndolsquogdu C
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Krishnamoorthy V Divianathan S Subramanian B and Shanmugam M
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Kulinski A Vance DE and Vance JE (2004) A choline-deficient diet in
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Kurian GA and Paddikkala J (2009) Administration of aqueous extract of
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Lansky EP Helena M Paavilainena Alison D Pawlus B Robert A
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Lapenna D Del Boccio G Porreca E Pennelli A Mezzetti A De
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Le K Chiu F and Ng K (2007) Identification and quantification of
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Le PM Benhaddou-Andaloussi A Elimadi A Settaf A Cherrah Y
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Leclercq IA (2007) Pathogenesis of steatohepatitis insights from the study
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Lee GS Yan JS Ng RK Kakar S and Maher JJ (2007)
Polyunsaturated fat in the methionine-choline-deficient diet influences
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Lee JK N and Min DB (2004) Reactive Oxygen Species Aging and
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Lee KS Buck M Houglum K and Chojkier M (1995) Activation of
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Lieber CS Leo MA Mak KM Xu Y Cao Q Ren C
Ponomarenko A and DeCarli LM (2004) Model of nonalcoholic
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Pathophysiology Concepts of Altered Health States Seventh edition 2008
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Liu F and Ng TB (2000) Antioxidative and free radical scavenging
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Lopez-Avila V L and A and Yefchak G (2009) Use of GC-QTOF MS to
identify unknown compounds in herbal extracts 1-4
Lopez-Garcia E Schulze MB Meigs JB Manson JE Rifai N and
Stampfer MJ (2005) l Consumption of trans fatty acids is related to plasma
biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction J Nutr 135 562ndash
566
Louchami K Zhang Y Oguzhan B Delporte C Portois L and
Carpentier YA (2006) Rapid changes in liver lipid composition and
pancreatic islet K+ handling and secretory behaviour provoked by the
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Lowry OH Rosebrough NJ Farr AI and Randall RJ (1951) Protein
determination with the folinlsquos phenol reagent JBiolChem 193 265-275
Luck H (1974) In Methods in enzymatic analysisBer Acad N Y 885
Ludwig J Viggiano TR McGill DB and Ott BJ (1980) Non-alcoholic
steatohepatitis Mayo clinic experiences with a hitherto unnamed disease
Mayo Clin Proc 55434-438
Lugasi A Dworschak E Blazovics A and Kery A (1998) Antioxidant
and free radical scavenging properties of squeezed juice from black radish
(Raphanus sativus I Varniger) root Phytother Res 12 502-506
Lyon CJ Law RE and Hsueh WA (2003) Minireview adiposity
inflammation and atherogenesis Endocrinology 144 2195ndash2200
Mabrouk GM Moselhy SS Zohny SF Ali EM Helal TE Amin
AA and Khalifa AA (2002) Inhibition of methylnitrosourea (MNU)
induced oxidative stress and carcinogenesis by orally administered bee honey
and Nigella grains in Sprague Dawely rats Journal of Experimental and
Clinical Cancer Research 21 (3) 341ndash346
Madan MP Raghavan G Singh AK and Palpu P (2005) Free radical
scavenging potential of Saussarea costua Acta Pharm 55 297-304
Mahendran P and Devi CSS (2001) The modulating effect of Garicinia
cambogia extract on ethanol induced peroxidative damage in rats Indian J
Pharmacology 33 87-91
Mahmoud MR El-Abhar HS and Saleh S (2002) The effect of Nigella
sativa oil against the liver damage induced by Shistosoma mansoni infection
in mice Journal of Ethnopharmacology 79 1ndash11
Makino I Shinozaki K Yoshino K and Nakagawa S (1975)
Dissolution of cholesterol gallstones by long-term administration of
ursodeoxycholic acid Nippon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi 72 690ndash702
Malik EP Singh MB (1980) Plant Enzymology and Hittoenzymology
1st Edn Kalyani Publishers New Delhi 286
Mallikharjuna PB Rajanna LN Seetharam YN and Sharanabasappa
GK (2007) Phytochemical Studies of Strychnos potatorum LF A
Medicinal Plant 4(4) 510-518
Manco M Calvani M and Mingrone G (2004) Effects of dietary fatty
acids on insulin sensitivity and secretion Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism
6 402ndash413
Manian R Anusuya N Siddhuraju P and Manian S (2008) The
antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging potential of two different
solvent extracts of Camellia sinensis (L) O Kuntz Ficus bengalensis L and
Ficus racemosa L Food Chemistry 107 1000ndash1007
Marchand LL Murphy SP Hankin JH Wilkens LR Kolonel LN
(2000) J Natl Cancer Inst 92 154
Marchesini G Bugianesi E Forlani G Cerrelli F Lenzi M Manini
R Natale S Vanni E Villanova N Melchionda N and Rizzetto M
(2003) Nonalcoholic fatty liver steatohepatitis and the metabolic syndrome
Hepatology 37 917ndash 923
Mari M Caballero F Colell A Morales A Caballeria J Fernandez
A Enrich C Fernandez-Checa JC and Garcia-Ruiz C (2006)
Mitochondrial free cholesterol loading sensitizes to TNF and Fas-meidated
steatohepatitis Cell Metabolism 4 185ndash198
Marimuthu P Wu CL Chang HT and Chang ST (2008) Antioxidant
activity of the ethanolic extract from the bark of Chamaecyparis obtuse var
Formosana J Sci Food Agric 88
Mariod AA Ibrahim RM Ismail M and Ismail N (2009) Antioxidant
activity and phenolic content of phenolic rich fractions obtained from black
cumin (Nigella sativa) seedcake Food Chemistry 116 306ndash312
Maron DJ (2004) Flavonoids for reduction of atherosclerotic risk Curr
Atheroscler Rep 6 73-78
Marra F Gastaldelli A Svegliati Baroni G Tell G and Tiribelli C
(2008) Molecular basis and mechanisms of progression of non-alcoholic
steatohepatitis Trends Mol Med 14 72ndash81
Mason JS Morize I Menard PR Cheney DL Hulme C and
Labaudiniere RF (1999) J Med Chem 42 3251e3264
Mates JM Perez-Gomez C and Decastro IN (1999) Clin Chem 32
595-603
Matsuzawa N Takamura T Kurita S Misu H Ota T Ando H
Yokoyama M Honda M Zen Y Nakanuma Y Miyamoto K and
Kaneko S (2007) Lipid-induced oxidative stress causes steatohepatitis in
mice fed an atherogenic diet Hepatology 46 1392ndash1403
Matsuzawa Y Shimomura I Nakamura T Keno Y Kotani K and
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Matteoni C Younossi Z Gramlich T Boparai N and Liu Y (1999)
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease a spectrum of clinical and pathological
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Matthaei S StumvollM Kellerer M and Haring (2000) Endocr H-U
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Matthew Ricci (2008) NAFLD (Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease) A
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Matthew Cave Ion Deaciuc Christian Mendez Zhenyuan Song Swati
Joshi-Barve Shirish Barve Craig McClain (2007) Nonalcoholic fatty liver
disease predisposing factors and the role of nutrition Journal of Nutritional
Biochemistry 18 184ndash 195
Mavrelis PG Ammon HV Gleysteen JJ Komorowski RA and
Charaf UK (1983) Hepatic free fatty acids in alcoholic liver disease and
morbid obesity Hepatology 3 226ndash231
Mayes AP (1993) Structure and function of the lipid soluble vitamins In
Murray KR Graner KD Mayes AP and Rodwell WV Harperlsquos
Biochemistry Chap 53 Prentice-Hall International Inc 23rd
edition 588-
590
Mazur A Bayle D Lab C Rock E and Rayssiguier Y (1999)
Inhibitory effect of procyanidin-rich extracts on LDL oxidation in vitro
Atherosclerosis 145 421ndash422
McCay PB (1985) Vitamin E Interactions with free radicals and
ascorbate Ann Rev Nutr 5 323-340
McCullough AJ (2004) The clinical features diagnosis and natural history
of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Clinics in Liver Disease 8 521ndash533
McDougall GJ Dobson P Smith P Blake A and Stewart D (2005)
Assessing potential bioavallability of raspberry anthocyanins using an in
vitro digestion system Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53(15)
5896minus5904
Mehta B K Sharma U Pandit V Agrawal S Joshi N and Gupta M
(2008) Med Chem Res 17 462ndash473
Meng EC Shoichet BK and Kuntz ID (2004) Automated docking
with grid-based energy evaluation Journal of Computational Chemistry 13
(4) 505ndash524 doi101002jcc540130412
Merchant JR Bakshi VM and Engineer AB (1979) Chemical
investigation of fruits of Ficus glomerata Roxb Indian J Chem 17B 87ndash88
Mervat MM and Taie HAA (2009) Antioxidant activities total
anthocyanins phenolics and flavonoids contents of some sweet potato
genotypes under stress of different concentrations of sucrose and sorbito
Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 3(4) 3609-3616
Meydani M (2000) Vitamin E and prevention of heart disease in high-risk
patients Nutr Rev 58 278-281
Meyer SA and Kulkarni AP (2001) Hepatotoxicity in Introduction to
biochemical toxicology 3rd
Edition edited by E Hodgson and R C Smart (A
John Wiley amp Sons Inc New York) 487
Mezzetti A Di Ilio C Calafiore AM Aceto A Marzio L Frederici G
and Cuccurullo F (1990) Glutathione peroxidase glutathione reductase and
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Cell Cardiol 22 935-938
Michael Metz (2005) Liver function tests IMVS News letter 57
Michalak A (2006) Phenolic compounds and their antioxidant activity in
plants growing under heavy metal stress Polish J Environ Studies 15(4)
523-530
Milagro FI Campioacuten J and Martiacutenez JA (2006) Weight gain induced
by high-fat feeding involves increased liver oxidative stress Obesity (Silver
Spring) 14 1118ndash1123
Miliauskas G Venskutonis PR and Van Beek TA (2004) Screening of
radical scavenging activity of some medicinal and aromatic plant extracts
Food Chemistry 85 231ndash237
Ming M Guanhua L Zhanhai Y Guang C and Xuan Z (2009) Effect
of the Lycium barbarum polysaccharides administration on blood lipid
metabolism and oxidative stress of mice fed high-fat diet in vivo Food
Chemistry 113 872ndash877
Misra A Khurana L Vikram NK Goel A and Wasir JS (2007)
Metabolic syndrome in children current issues and South Asian perspective
Nutrition 23(11ndash12)895ndash910
Misra A Misra R Wijesuriya M and Banerjee D (2007) The metabolic
syndrome in south Asians continuing escalation amp possible solutions Indian
J Med Res 125(3)345ndash54
Misra A Vikram NK (2004) Insulin resistance syndrome (metabolic
syndrome) and obesity in Asian Indians Evidence and implications
Nutrition 20482ndash491
Mithra SK Seshadri SJ Venkataranganna MV Gopumadhavan S
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formulation in galactosamine induced hepatopathy in rats Indian J Physiol
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mushroom against rat liver oxidative damage and fibrosis induced by CCL4
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Mohan V (2004) Why are Indians more prone to diabetes J Assoc Phys
India 52468ndash474
Mohan V and Deepa R (2006) Adipocytokines and The expanding Asian
Indian Phenotype J Assoc Physic Ind 54 685-6
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steatohepatitis Hepatology 37 909ndash16
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Nanji AA (2004b) Another animal model for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
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Nanji AA (2004a) Animal models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and
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Neuschwander-Tetri BA and Caldwell SH (2003) Nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis summary of an AASLD single topic conference Hepatology
371202ndash19
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Oguzhan B Sancho V Acitores A Villanueva-Penacarrillo ML
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Entada saponin-III a saponin isolated from the bark of Entada phaseoloides
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Okada Y Shibata S Javellana AMJ and Kamo O (1988) Entada
saponins (ES) II and IV from the bark of Entada phaseoloides Chemical and
Pharmaceutical Bulletin 36 1264ndash1269
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Oteiza PI Erlejman AG Verstraeten SV Keen CL and Fraga CG
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the membrane surface Clin Dev Immunol 12 (1) 19ndash25
Owen R W Giacosa A Hull W E Haubner R Spiegelhalder B and
Bartsh H (2000) The antioxidantanticancer potential of phenolic
compounds isolated from olive oil European Journal of Cancer 36 1235ndash
1247
Oyaizu M (1986) Studies on product of browning reaction prepared from
glucose amine Japanese Journal of Nutrition 44307-315
Ozcan U Cao Q Yilmaz E Lee AH Iwakoshi NN and Ozdelen E
(2004) Endoplasmic reticulum stress links obesity insulin action and type 2
diabetes Science 306457ndash61
Ozturk-Urek R Bozkaya LA and Tarhan L (2001) The effects of some
antioxidant vitamins and trace elements supplemented diets on activities of
SOD CAT GSH-Px and LPO levels in chicken tissues Cell Biochemistry
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Pacheco-Alvarez D Solorzano-Vargas RS and Leon-Del-Rio A (2002)
Biotin in metabolism and its relationship tohuman disease Arch Med Res
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Pacher P Beckman JS and Liaudet L (1997) (Nitric oxide and
peroxynitrite in health and disease Physiol Rev 87 (1) 315ndash424
Pacher P Beckman JS and Liaudet L (2007) Nitric oxide and
peroxynitrite In health and disease Physiological Reviews 87(1) 315ndash424
Paetau I Khachik F Brown ED Beecher GR Kramer TR and
Chittams J (1998a) Bioavailability of tomato carotenoids from lycopene-
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Pan HZ Zhang H Chang D Li H and Sui H (2008) The change of
oxidative stress products in diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy Br J
Ophthalmol 92 548ndash51
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tissue growth factor expression a potential mechanism involved in
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44
Paranjpe P (2001) Indian Medicinal Plants Forgotten Healers A Guide to
Ayurvedic Herbal Medicine Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratisthan Delhi p316
Park CH Yamabe N Noh JS Kang KS Tanaka T Yokozawa T
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and lipid metabolism in the liver of dbdb mice Biol Pharm Bull 32 1734ndash
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Parrotta JA (2006) Healing Plants of Peninsular India CABI Publishing
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Patchett AA and Nargund RP (2000) Annu Rep Med Chem 35
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Pauly Nicolas Pucciariello C Mandon K Innocenti G Jamet A
Baudouin E Herouart D Frendo P and Puppo A (2006) Reactive
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Peach and Tracey MV (1955) In modern methods of plant analyse 4
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Perez C Canal JR and Torres MD (2003) Experimental diabetes treated
with Ficus carica extract effect on oxidative stress parameters Acta
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Perez-Amador MC Ocotero VM Castaneda JMG and Esquinca
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Perry G Cash AD Srinivas R and Smith MA (2002) Metals and
oxidative homeostasis in Alzheimerlsquos disease Drug Development and
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Pietta PG (2000) Flavonoids and antioxidants J Nat Prod 63 1035-
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Pignatelli P Pulcinelli FM and Lenti L (1998) Hydrogen Peroxide Is
Involved in Collagen-Induced Platelet Activation Blood 91 (2) 484-490
Pirola L Johnston AM Van Obberghen E (2004) Modulation of insulin
action Diabetologia 47170ndash84
Pitchersky E and Gang DR (2000) Genetics and biochemistry of
secondary metabolites in plants An evolutionary perspective Trends Plant
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Pompella A Visvikis A and Paolicchi A (2003) The changing faces of
glutathione a cellular protagonist [J] Biochem Pharmacl 66(8) 1499-1503
Prasad K (2010) Effects of vitamin E on serum enzymes and electrolytes in
hypercholesterolemia Molecular Cellular Biochemistry 335 67ndash74
Prasamthi Muralidhara K and Rajini PS (2005) Fenvalerate-induced
oxidative damage in rat tissues and its attenuation by dietary sesame oil
Food Chem Toxicol 43 299ndash306
Pryor WA (1993) Measurement of oxidative stress status in humans
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2 289-292
Puppo A (1992) Effect of flavonoids on hydroxyl radical formation by
Fenton-type reactions influence of the iron chelator Phytochemistry 31
85ndash88
Rachna A and Abdelhaq R (2003) Redistribution of glucose-6-phosphate
dehydrogenase in response to cerebral ischemia in rat brain Indian J Clin
Biochem 18 64-70
Rahman NN Khan M and Hasan R (1994) Bioactive components from
Ficus glomerata Pure and Applied Chemistry 66 2287ndash2290
Rajesh MG and Latha MS (2004) Preliminary evaluation of the
antihepatotoxic activity of Kamilari a polyherbal formulation J
Ethanopharmacology 91 99-104
Rajkapoor B Anandan R and Jayakar B (2002) Anti-ulcer effect of
Nigella sativa Linn against gastric ulcers in rats Curr Sci 82 177ndash179
Ramadan MF (2007) Nutritional value functional properties and
nutraceutical applications of black cumin (Nigella sativa L) an overview
International Journal of Food Science and Technology 42 1208ndash1218
Ramadan MF and Moumlrsel JT (2004) Oxidative stability of black cumin
(Nigella sativa L) coriander (Coriandrum sativum L) and niger (Guizotia
abyssinica Cass) crude seed oils upon stripping Eur J Lipid Sci Technol
106 35ndash43
Randhawa MA and Al-Ghamdi MS (2002) A review of the
pharmacotherapeutic effects of Nigella sativa Pakistan Journal of Medical
Research 41 77ndash83
Rao BR Murugresan T Sinha S Saha BP Pal M and Mandal SC
(2002) Glucose lowering efficacy of Ficus racemosa barks extract in normal
and alloxan diabetic rats Phytotherapy Research 16 590ndash592
Rao CV Arti R Verma M Vijayakumar S Rastogi (2008)
Gastroprotective effect of standardized extract of Ficus glomerata fruit on
experimental gastric ulcers in rats Journal of Ethnopharmacology 115
323ndash326
Rao KS (2009) Free radical induced oxidative damage to DNA relation to
brain aging and neurological disorders Indian J Biochem Biophys 46 9ndash15
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
Evans C (1999) Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231ndash1237
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
Evans C (1999) Antioxidant activity applying in an improved radical cation
decolorisation assay Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231-1237
Recknagel RO Glende EA JR Waller RL and Loery K (1982) Lipid
peroxidation ndashBiochemistry measurement and signified in liver cell injury in
toxicology in the liver edited by G L Plea and W R Hewilt (Raven press
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Reddy AR Chiatanya KV and vivekanandan M (2004) Draught
induced response of photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism in higher
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Reddy K P Subhani S M Khan P A and Kumar (1995) Effect of light
and benzyl adenine and dark- treated graving rice (Oryza sativa) leaves II
Changes in peroxidases activity Plant Cell Physiol 26 987- 994
Reid AE (2001) Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Gasteroenterology 121
710-723
Reitman S Frankel S (1957) Amer JClin Path 2856
Rennberg H (1987) Aspects of glutathione function and metabolism in
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York Plenum Press 279-292
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(eds) Standard methods of clinical chemistry 6th
ed New York Academic
press 6 215-222
Rice-Evans CA Miller NJ and Paganga G (1996) Structurendashantioxidant
activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids J Free Radic Biol
Med 20 933ndash956
Richter C (1987) Biophysical consequences of lipid peroxidation in
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Rinella ME Elias MS Smolak RR Fu T Borensztajn J and Green
RM (2008) Mechanisms of hepatic steatosis in mice fed a lipogenic
methionine choline-deficient diet J Lipid Res 491068ndash76
Rizvi MMA Irshad M Hassadi GE and Younis SB (2009) Bio
efficacies of Cassia fistula An Indian labrum African Journal of Pharmacy
and Pharmacology 3(6) 287-292
Robak J Gryglewski RJ (1988) Flavonoids are scavengers of superoxide
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Robak J Maran and Kiewicz R (1995) Scavenging of reactive oxygen
species as the mechanism of drug action Polish J of Pharmacol 47 89-98
Robert M (2006) Mineral surfaces and the prebiotic selection and
organization of biomolecules American Mineralogist 91 1715ndash1729
Roberts CK Barnard RJ Sindhu RK Jurczak M Ehdaie A and
Vaziri ND (2006) Oxidative stress and dysregulation of NAD(P)H oxidase
and antioxidant enzymes in diet-induced metabolic syndrome Metabolism
55 928ndash934
Robertson G Leclercq I and Farrell GC (2001) Nonalcoholic steatosis
and steatohepatitis II Cytochrome P-450 enzymes and oxidative stress
American Journal of Physiology Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 281
(5) G1135ndashG1139
Roe J H and Keuther C A (1943) The determination of ascorbic acid in
whole blood and urine through 2 4-dinitro phenyl hydrazine derivative of
dehydro ascorbic acid J Biol Chem 147 399- 407
Rohrdanz E Schmuck G Ohler S and Kahl R (2001) The influence of
oxidative stress on catalase and MnSOD gene transcription in astrocytes
Brain Res 900 128-136
Rojas C Cadenas S Lopez-Torres M Perez-Campo R and Barja G
(1996) Increase in heart glutathione redox and total antioxidant capacity and
dcrease in lipid peroxidation after vitamin E dietary supplementation in
guinea pigs Free Radic Biol Med 21 907-15
Romeo S Sentinelli F Dash S Yeo GS Savage DB Leonetti F
Capoccia D Incani M Maglio C Iacovino M OlsquoRahilly S and Baroni
MG (2010) Int J Obes (Lond) 34 190ndash194
Romero AM Mirtha MD Sturia MA and Judis MA (2004)
Antioxidant properties of polyphenol-containing extract from soybean
fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae Eur J Lipid Sci Technol 106
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Rosen HR and Keefe EB (1998) Laboratory evaluation of the patient
with signs and symptoms of liver disease In clinical practice of
gastroenterology (Brandt LJEd) Churchil Livingstone Philadelphia 812-
820
Rosenberg HR (1992) Chemistry and Physiology of the citamins Inter
Science Publishers Inc New York 452-453
Rosselli MS Adriana L Burgue˜nob Julieta Carabelli Mariano Schumanb
Carlos J Pirolab and Silvia Sookoiana (2009) Losartan reduces liver
expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in a high fat-induced
rat nonalcoholic fatty liver disease model Atherosclerosis 206 119ndash126
Roy S Sehgal R Pahdy BM and Kumar VL (2005) Antioxidant and
protective effect of Calotropis procera against alloxan-induced diabetics in
rats J Ethanopharmacol 102 470-473
Ryan L OConnell O OSullivan L Aherne SA and OBrien NM
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antioxidant activities of various solvent extracts of Carissa opaca fruits
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Antioxidative properties of xanthan on the autoxidation of soybean oil in
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Yang H Roberts LJ Jian Shi M Chun Zhou Li Ballard BR
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Yang JS Lee SJ Park HW and Cha YS (2006) Effect of genistein
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Yang S Zhu H Li Y Lin H Gabrielson K Trush MA and Diehl
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Yu L Haley S Perret J Harris M Wilson J and Qian M (2002) Free
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Yun SN Moon SJ Ko SK Im BO and Chung SH (2004) Wild
ginseng prevents the onset of high-fat diet induced hyperglycemia and
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Zak B (1954) Cholesterol Methodologies A review Clin Chem 23 1201
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Zhang HM Chen SW Zhang LS and Feng XF (2008) The effects of
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Zhao B (2009) Natural antioxidants protect neurons in Alzheimerlsquos disease
and Parkinsonlsquos disease Neurochem Res 34 630ndash8
Zheng S Hoos L Cook J Tetzloff G Harry DJ and Van Heek M
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alcoholic fatty liver disease Vascular Health and Risk Management 4 235ndash
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Zhu X Zhang W Pang X Wang J Zhao J and Qu W (2011)
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L Goodly (Ed) Diagnostic Enzymology (pp 1ndash38) Philadelphia USA
Lea amp Febiger
Zimmet P Shaw J and Alberti KG (2003) Preventing Type 2 Diabetes
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Cheikh Rouhou S Hentati B Besbes S Blecker C Deroanne C and
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Chiang MY Chang JY Kuo CC Chang CY and Kuo YH (2005)
Cytotoxic triterpenes from the aerial roots of Ficus microcarpa
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Daniel RS Mathew BC Devi KS and Augusti KT (1998) Antioxidant
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Food Chemistry 125 1430ndash1435
Dentin R Girard J and Postic C (2005) Carbohydrate responsive element
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(SREBP-1c) two key regulators of glucose metabolism and lipid synthesis in
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aspects of a class of natural therapeutic drugs Life Sci 65 337-53
Di Majo D Giammanco M La Guardia M Tripoli E Giammanco S
and Finotti E (2005) Flavonones in citrus fruit Structure-antioxidant
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AM Nardo B Principe A Viola A Trevisani F Altomare E
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Donnelly KL Smith CI Schwarzenberg SJ Jessurun J Boldt MD
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ethanol-inducible cytochrome P-450 (P-450 IIE1) Biochem Pharmacol 38
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protects against induced hepatotoxicity and improves serum lipid profile in
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Evans P and Halliwell B (1999) Free radicals and hearing Cause
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Fang YZ Yang S and Wu G (2002) Free radicals antioxidants and
nutrition Nutrition 18 872-879
Fardet A Llorach R Martin JF Besson C Lyan B Pujos-Guillot E
and Scalbert A (2008) Aliquid chromatographyndashquadrupole time-of-flight
(LCndashQTOF)-based metabolomic approach reveals new metabolic effects of
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steatosis to cirrhosis Hepatology 43S99ndash112
Feig M Onufriev A Lee MS Im W Case DA and Brooks CL
(2004) Performance comparison of generalized born and Poisson methods
in the calculation of electrostatic solvation energies for protein structures
Journal of Computational Chemistry 25 (2) 265ndash84 doi101002jcc10378
PMID 14648625
Feldstein AEWerneburg NW Canbay A Guicciardi ME Bronk
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promote hepatic lipotoxicity by stimulating TNF-alpha expression via a
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Ferannini E Natalie A and Bell P (1997)Insulin resistance and
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Francis G Kerem Z Makkar HPS and Becker K (2002) The
biological action of saponins in animal systems a review British Journal of
Nutrition 88 587ndash605
Frei B and Higdon JV (2003) Antioxidant activity of tea polyphenols in
vivo evidence from animal studies J Nutr 133 3275Sndash84S
Fromenty B Robin MA Igoudjil A Mansouri A and Pessayre D
(2004) The ins and outs of mitochondrial dysfunction in NASH Diabetes amp
Metabolism 30 121ndash138
Fruhwirth GO Loidl A and Hermetter A (2007) Oxidized
phospholipids From molecular properties to disease Biochem Biophys
Acta 1772 718-736
Fryer MJ (1992) The antioxidant effects of thyla Vit E Plant cell Environ
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Ganapathy S (2004) Emerging strategy in the study of natural products
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Germano MP Sanogo R Costa C Fulco R Ando DV Torrel EA
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Girish S Achliya Sudhir Wadodkar G Avinash and Dorle K (2004)
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adipocytes and vascular function J Clin Endocrinol Metab 892563ndash2568
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Grattagliano I Caraceni P Calamita G Ferri D Gargano I Palasciano
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and oxidative stress in rats Eur J Clin Invest 38 523-530
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Liver 40th
di Elsevier 1858
Green RM and Flamm S (2002) AGA Technical review of evaluation of
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508ndash511
Guumllccedilin I Mshvildadze V Gepdiremen A and Elias R (2004)
Antioxidant activity of saponins isolated from ivy a-hederin hederasaponin-
C hederacolchiside-E and hederacolchiside-F Planta Medica 70 561ndash563
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antioxidant activity of a triterpenoid glycoside isolated from the berries of
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Gupta R and Misra A (2007) Type 2 diabetes in India regional
disparities Br J Diab Vasc Dis 7(1)12ndash6
Gurumoorthy V Hindu Jan-23rd 2011
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superoxide in inflammation and immune regulation Journal of Physiology
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Haddad M Miyamoto T Laurens V and Lacaille-Dubois MA (2003)
Two new biologically active triterpenoidal saponins acylated with salicylic
acid from Albizia adianthifolia Journal of Natural Products 66 372ndash377
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and hepatoprotective effects of silibinin in a rat model of nonalcoholic
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Halliwell B (1993) The role of oxygen radicals in human disease with
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Halliwell B (2002) Effect of diet on cancer development is oxidative DNA
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Halliwell B and Gutteridge JMC (1999) Free Radicals in Biology and
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Halliwell B Aeschbach R Loliger J and Aruoma OI (1995) The
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Handa SS Sharma A and Charaborti KK (1986) Natural products and
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Hansson A Zelada JC and Noriega HP (2005) Revaluations of risks
with the use of Ficus insipid latex as a traditional anthelmintic remedy in the
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Harada N Oda Z Hara Y Fujinami K Okawa M Ohbuchi K
Yonemoto M Ikeda Y Ohwaki K Aragane K Tamai Y Kusunoki
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Harbrone JBC (1973) Phytochemical methods Chapman and Hall
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Harrison P Degen SJ Williams R and Farzaneh F (1994) Hepatic
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Harvey AL (2008) Drug Discov Today 13 894e901
Harwood H J Jr Petras SF Shelly LD Zaccaro LM Perry DA
Makowski MR Hargrove DM Martin KA Tracey WR Chapman
JG Magee WP Dalvie DK Soliman VF Martin WH Mularski CJ
and Eisenbeis SA (2003) J Biol Chem 278 37099
Harwood H J Jr (2004) Acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibition for the
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Hassan II Askar AA Gehan A EL-Shourbagy A (2004) Influence of
some medicinal plants on performances physiological and meat quality traits
of broiler chicks Egypt Poult Sci 24 247ndash266
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Ross PE and Van Pelt CS (1995) Hepatic and adrenal changes in rabbits
associated with hyperlipidemia caused by a semi-synthetic diet Laboratory
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Hawkins CL Brown BE and Davies MJ (2001) Hypochlorite- and
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Biochem Biophys 395 137-145
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Hedge JE and Hofreiter BT (1962) Detremination of reducing sugars
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Hedge K Joshi AB (2009) Hepatoprotective effect of Carissa carandus
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Hepatoprotective effect of Cichorium intybus on CCl4 induced liver damage
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Helader L M Alakomi H-L Latva-Kala K Mattila- Sandholm T Pol
I Smid E J Gorris L G and Von Wright A (1998) J Agric Food
Chem46 3590
Heuman DM Pandak WM Hylemon PB and Vlahzevic ZR (1991)
Conjugates of ursodeoxycholate protect against cytotoxicity of more
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Higuchi N Kato M and Shundo Y (2008) LiverXreceptor in cooperation
with SREBP-1c is a major lipid synthesis regulator in nonalcoholic fatty
liver disease Hepatol Res 38(11) 1122ndash9
Hileman EO Liu J Albitar M Keating MJ and Huang P (2004)
Intrinsic oxidative stress in cancer cells a biochemical basis for therapeutic
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Hirabara SM Silveira LR Abdulkader F Carvalho CR Procopio J
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Houstis N Rosen ED Lander ES (2006) Reactive oxygen species have
a causal role in multiple forms of insulin resistance Nature 440944ndash8
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Hu C and Kitts DD (2005) Dendelion (Taraxacum officinale) flower
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Inzucchi SE (2002) Oral antihyperglycemic therapy for type 2 diabetes
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Iovin Nicole M Seema Pursnani Voldman A Wasserman G Blaser
MJ and Weinrauch Y (2008) Reactive nitrogen species contribute to
innate host defense against Camoylobacter jjuni Infection and Immunity
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Ismail M Ghanya Al-Naqeep Kim Wei Chan (2010) Nigella sativa
thymoquinone-rich fraction greatly improves plasma antioxidant capacity
and expression of antioxidant genes in hypercholesterolemic rats Free
Radical Biology amp Medicine 48 664ndash672
Itagaki S Kurokawa T Nakata C Saito Y Oikawa S Kobayashi T
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ferulic acid a comparative study with other natural oxidation inhibitors
Food Chem 114 466ndash471
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Jain S Dixit Malviya N and Ambawata V (2009) Antioxidant and
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James O and Day C (1999) Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis another disease
of affluence Lancet 353 (9165) 1634ndash1636
Jayasooriya A P Sakono M and Yukizaki C (2000) Effects of
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Johnson IT (2004) New approaches to the role of diet in the prevention of
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phosphat dehydrogenase and the red cell Adv Exp Med Biol 500 595-605
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streptozotocin diabetes on some urea cycle enzyme Biochem BiophysRes
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Joven J Rull A Ferreacute N Escolagrave-Gil JC Marsillach J Coll B
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Juurlink BH and Paterson PG (1998) Review of oxidative stress in brain
and spinal cord injury suggestions for pharmacological and nutritional
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Kajikawa S Tsuyoshi Harada Akiko Kawashima Kazunori Imada and
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highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid prevents the progression of D-
galactosamine-induced hepatitis in mice fed with a high-fathigh-sucrose
diet Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1791 281ndash288
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spectrophotometric assay of superoxide dismutase Indian J
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Kallwitz ER McLachlan A and Cotler SJ (2008) Role of peroxisome
proliferators-activated receptors in the pathogenesis and treatment of
nonalcoholic fatty liver disease World J Gastroenterol 1422ndash8
Kamal-Eldin A and Appelqvist LA (1996) The chemistry and antioxidant
properties of tocopherols and tocotrienols Lipids 31 671-701
Kamat JP Boloor KK Devasagayam TPA and Venkatachalam SR
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Kantartzis K Peter A Machicao F Machann J Wagner S
Koumlnigsrainer I Koumlnigsrainer A Schick F Fritsche A Haumlring HU
and Stefan N (2009) Diabetes 58 2616ndash2623
Kappus H (1991) Lipid peroxidation-mechanism and biological relevance
In O I Aruoma amp B Halliwell (Eds) Free radicals and food additives (pp
59ndash75) London UK Taylor and Francis Press
Karan M Vasisht K and Handa SS (1999) Antihepatotoxic activity of
Swrtia chirata on paracetamol and galactosamine induced hepatotoxicity in
rats Phytotherapy Research 13(2) 95-101
Karu N Reifen R and Kerem Z (2007) Weight gain reduction in mice
fed Panax ginseng saponin a pancreatic lipase inhibitor J Agric Food Chem
55 2824ndash8
Kataria M and Singh LN (1997) Hepatoprotective effect of Liv-52 and
Kumaryasava on CCl4 induced hepatic damage in rats Indian Journal of
Experimental 35 655-657
Katina K Arendt E Liukkonen KH Autio K Flander L and Poutanen
K (2005) Potential of sourdough for healthier cereal products Trends Food
Science and Technology 16 104ndash112
Katz D Mazor D Dvilansky A and Meyerstein N (1996) Effect of
radiation on red cell membrane and intracellular oxidative defense systems
Free Radical Research 24 199ndash204
Kaufmann (1999) National products of high pharmacological potency
Biochem pharmacol 32 1141-1148
Kechagias S Ernersson A Dahlqvist O Lundberg P Lindstrom T and
Nystrom FH (2008) Fast-food-based hyper-alimentation can induce rapid
and profound elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase in healthy
subjects Gut 57 649ndash654
Keeling CI and Bohlmann J (2006) Genes enzymes and chemicals of
teerpenoid diversity in the constitutive and induced defence of coniters
against insects and pathogens New Phytol 170 657-675
Kefalas P Kallithraka S Parejo I and Makris DP (2003) Food Sci
Technol Int 9 383
Kelloff GJ Boone CW Crowell JA Steele VE Lubet RA Doody
LA Maolone WF Hawk ET and Sigman CC (1996) New agents for
cancer chemoprevention J Cell Biochem 26s 1ndash28
Khan MS Nema N Kharya MD and Khanam S (2009)
Chromatographic estimation of maturity based phytochemical profiling of
Ipomoea mauritiana 1 22-30
Khan N and Sultana ST (2005) Chemomodulatory effect of Ficus
racemosa extract against chemically induced renal carcinogenesis and
oxidative damage response in Wistar rats Life Sciences 77 1194ndash1210
Kim YS Bahn KN Hah CK Gang HI and Ha YL (2008)
Inhibition of 712-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene induced mouse skin
carcinogenesis by Artemisia capillaries J Food Sci 73 T16ndash20
Kim YY Kang HJ Ko SK and Chung SH (2002) Sopungsungiwon
(SP) prevents the onset of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in Zucker
diabetic fatty rats Archives Pharmacal Research 25 923ndash931
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clinical enzymology (Ed Van D) London Nostrond Company Limited
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dehydrogenase In Practical Clinical Enzymology (Ed Van D) London
Nostrond Company Limited 83
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Kitchen DB Decornez H Furr JR and Bajorath J (2004) Docking and
scoring in virtual screening for drug discovery methods and applications
Nature reviews Drug discovery 3(11) 935ndash49 doi101038nrd1549
PMID 15520816
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system Ann Clin Lab Sci 30 145-158
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Rev Biochem 58 195ndash221
Koek GH et al Clinica Chimica Acta xxx (2011) xxxndashxxx Koek GH et
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Medicinal Chemistry 24(2) 395minus405
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Inhibition of LDL oxidation by cocoa Lancet 348 1514
Koneacute WM Atindehou KK Terreaux C Hostettmann K Traoreacute D
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Koppe SW Elias M Moseley RH and Green RM (2009) Trans fat
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GLUT4 glucose transporter deficiency increases hepatic lipid production and
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Krishnamoorthy V Divianathan S Subramanian B and Shanmugam M
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Kulinski A Vance DE and Vance JE (2004) A choline-deficient diet in
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59
Kurian GA and Paddikkala J (2009) Administration of aqueous extract of
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Lansky EP Helena M Paavilainena Alison D Pawlus B Robert A
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Laurin J Lindor KD Crippin JS Gossard A Gores GJ Ludwig J
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Le K Chiu F and Ng K (2007) Identification and quantification of
antioxidants in Fructus lycii Food Chemistry 105 353ndash363
Le PM Benhaddou-Andaloussi A Elimadi A Settaf A Cherrah Y
and Haddad P (2004) The petroleum ether extract of Nigella sativa exerts
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Ethnopharmacology 94 251ndash259
Leclercq I Field J Erriquez A Farrell GC (2007) Robertson G
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Leclercq IA (2007) Pathogenesis of steatohepatitis insights from the study
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Lee GS Yan JS Ng RK Kakar S and Maher JJ (2007)
Polyunsaturated fat in the methionine-choline-deficient diet influences
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Lee JK N and Min DB (2004) Reactive Oxygen Species Aging and
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Lee KS Buck M Houglum K and Chojkier M (1995) Activation of
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Lee KW Everts H Kappert HJ Yeom KH and Beynen AC (2003)
Dietary carvacrol lowers body weight gain but improves feed conversion in
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Lee SE Hwang HJ and HA JS (2003) Screening of medicinal plant
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Lenhard JM (2007) Gottschalk WK (2002) Preclinical developmentsin
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Li H Wang QJ Zhu DN and Yang Y (2008) Reinioside C a
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Food Chemistry 53(1) 103minus110
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Lieber CS Leo MA Mak KM Xu Y Cao Q Ren C
Ponomarenko A and DeCarli LM (2004) Model of nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 79(3) 502ndash509
Lin J Yang R Tarr PT Wu PH Handschin C and Li S (2005)
Hyperlipidemic effects of dietary saturated fats mediated through PGC-1β
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Lindor KD Dickson ER Baldus WP Jorgensen RA Ludwig J
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Lindor KD Kodley KV Heathcote EJ Harrison ME Jorgensen R and
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Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Instructorlsquos Resource Parthlsquos
Pathophysiology Concepts of Altered Health States Seventh edition 2008
Liu C H Hung M T and Huang P C (1995) Source of triacylglycerol
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Liu F and Ng TB (2000) Antioxidative and free radical scavenging
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Liu F Ooi VEC and Chang S T (1997) Free radical scavenging
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Liu L and Meydani M (2002) Combined vitamin C and E
supplementation retards early progression of arteriosclerosis in heart
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Lizardi-Cervera J and Aquilar-Zapata D (2009) Nonalcoholic fatty liver
disease and its association with cardiovascular disease 8 S40ndashS43
Lopez-Avila V L and A and Yefchak G (2009) Use of GC-QTOF MS to
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Lopez-Garcia E Schulze MB Meigs JB Manson JE Rifai N and
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Louchami K Zhang Y Oguzhan B Delporte C Portois L and
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Luck H (1974) In Methods in enzymatic analysisBer Acad N Y 885
Ludwig J Viggiano TR McGill DB and Ott BJ (1980) Non-alcoholic
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Mayo Clin Proc 55434-438
Lugasi A Dworschak E Blazovics A and Kery A (1998) Antioxidant
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Lyon CJ Law RE and Hsueh WA (2003) Minireview adiposity
inflammation and atherogenesis Endocrinology 144 2195ndash2200
Mabrouk GM Moselhy SS Zohny SF Ali EM Helal TE Amin
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Clinical Cancer Research 21 (3) 341ndash346
Madan MP Raghavan G Singh AK and Palpu P (2005) Free radical
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Mahendran P and Devi CSS (2001) The modulating effect of Garicinia
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Mahmoud MR El-Abhar HS and Saleh S (2002) The effect of Nigella
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in mice Journal of Ethnopharmacology 79 1ndash11
Makino I Shinozaki K Yoshino K and Nakagawa S (1975)
Dissolution of cholesterol gallstones by long-term administration of
ursodeoxycholic acid Nippon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi 72 690ndash702
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Mallikharjuna PB Rajanna LN Seetharam YN and Sharanabasappa
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Medicinal Plant 4(4) 510-518
Manco M Calvani M and Mingrone G (2004) Effects of dietary fatty
acids on insulin sensitivity and secretion Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism
6 402ndash413
Manian R Anusuya N Siddhuraju P and Manian S (2008) The
antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging potential of two different
solvent extracts of Camellia sinensis (L) O Kuntz Ficus bengalensis L and
Ficus racemosa L Food Chemistry 107 1000ndash1007
Marchand LL Murphy SP Hankin JH Wilkens LR Kolonel LN
(2000) J Natl Cancer Inst 92 154
Marchesini G Bugianesi E Forlani G Cerrelli F Lenzi M Manini
R Natale S Vanni E Villanova N Melchionda N and Rizzetto M
(2003) Nonalcoholic fatty liver steatohepatitis and the metabolic syndrome
Hepatology 37 917ndash 923
Mari M Caballero F Colell A Morales A Caballeria J Fernandez
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Mitochondrial free cholesterol loading sensitizes to TNF and Fas-meidated
steatohepatitis Cell Metabolism 4 185ndash198
Marimuthu P Wu CL Chang HT and Chang ST (2008) Antioxidant
activity of the ethanolic extract from the bark of Chamaecyparis obtuse var
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Mariod AA Ibrahim RM Ismail M and Ismail N (2009) Antioxidant
activity and phenolic content of phenolic rich fractions obtained from black
cumin (Nigella sativa) seedcake Food Chemistry 116 306ndash312
Maron DJ (2004) Flavonoids for reduction of atherosclerotic risk Curr
Atheroscler Rep 6 73-78
Marra F Gastaldelli A Svegliati Baroni G Tell G and Tiribelli C
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steatohepatitis Trends Mol Med 14 72ndash81
Mason JS Morize I Menard PR Cheney DL Hulme C and
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Mates JM Perez-Gomez C and Decastro IN (1999) Clin Chem 32
595-603
Matsuzawa N Takamura T Kurita S Misu H Ota T Ando H
Yokoyama M Honda M Zen Y Nakanuma Y Miyamoto K and
Kaneko S (2007) Lipid-induced oxidative stress causes steatohepatitis in
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Matsuzawa Y Shimomura I Nakamura T Keno Y Kotani K and
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Matteoni C Younossi Z Gramlich T Boparai N and Liu Y (1999)
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Matthaei S StumvollM Kellerer M and Haring (2000) Endocr H-U
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Matthew Ricci (2008) NAFLD (Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease) A
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Matthew Cave Ion Deaciuc Christian Mendez Zhenyuan Song Swati
Joshi-Barve Shirish Barve Craig McClain (2007) Nonalcoholic fatty liver
disease predisposing factors and the role of nutrition Journal of Nutritional
Biochemistry 18 184ndash 195
Mavrelis PG Ammon HV Gleysteen JJ Komorowski RA and
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morbid obesity Hepatology 3 226ndash231
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Murray KR Graner KD Mayes AP and Rodwell WV Harperlsquos
Biochemistry Chap 53 Prentice-Hall International Inc 23rd
edition 588-
590
Mazur A Bayle D Lab C Rock E and Rayssiguier Y (1999)
Inhibitory effect of procyanidin-rich extracts on LDL oxidation in vitro
Atherosclerosis 145 421ndash422
McCay PB (1985) Vitamin E Interactions with free radicals and
ascorbate Ann Rev Nutr 5 323-340
McCullough AJ (2004) The clinical features diagnosis and natural history
of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Clinics in Liver Disease 8 521ndash533
McDougall GJ Dobson P Smith P Blake A and Stewart D (2005)
Assessing potential bioavallability of raspberry anthocyanins using an in
vitro digestion system Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53(15)
5896minus5904
Mehta B K Sharma U Pandit V Agrawal S Joshi N and Gupta M
(2008) Med Chem Res 17 462ndash473
Meng EC Shoichet BK and Kuntz ID (2004) Automated docking
with grid-based energy evaluation Journal of Computational Chemistry 13
(4) 505ndash524 doi101002jcc540130412
Merchant JR Bakshi VM and Engineer AB (1979) Chemical
investigation of fruits of Ficus glomerata Roxb Indian J Chem 17B 87ndash88
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Meydani M (2000) Vitamin E and prevention of heart disease in high-risk
patients Nutr Rev 58 278-281
Meyer SA and Kulkarni AP (2001) Hepatotoxicity in Introduction to
biochemical toxicology 3rd
Edition edited by E Hodgson and R C Smart (A
John Wiley amp Sons Inc New York) 487
Mezzetti A Di Ilio C Calafiore AM Aceto A Marzio L Frederici G
and Cuccurullo F (1990) Glutathione peroxidase glutathione reductase and
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Michael Metz (2005) Liver function tests IMVS News letter 57
Michalak A (2006) Phenolic compounds and their antioxidant activity in
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523-530
Milagro FI Campioacuten J and Martiacutenez JA (2006) Weight gain induced
by high-fat feeding involves increased liver oxidative stress Obesity (Silver
Spring) 14 1118ndash1123
Miliauskas G Venskutonis PR and Van Beek TA (2004) Screening of
radical scavenging activity of some medicinal and aromatic plant extracts
Food Chemistry 85 231ndash237
Ming M Guanhua L Zhanhai Y Guang C and Xuan Z (2009) Effect
of the Lycium barbarum polysaccharides administration on blood lipid
metabolism and oxidative stress of mice fed high-fat diet in vivo Food
Chemistry 113 872ndash877
Misra A Khurana L Vikram NK Goel A and Wasir JS (2007)
Metabolic syndrome in children current issues and South Asian perspective
Nutrition 23(11ndash12)895ndash910
Misra A Misra R Wijesuriya M and Banerjee D (2007) The metabolic
syndrome in south Asians continuing escalation amp possible solutions Indian
J Med Res 125(3)345ndash54
Misra A Vikram NK (2004) Insulin resistance syndrome (metabolic
syndrome) and obesity in Asian Indians Evidence and implications
Nutrition 20482ndash491
Mithra SK Seshadri SJ Venkataranganna MV Gopumadhavan S
Udupa UV and Sarma DNK (2000) Effect of HD-03-a herbal
formulation in galactosamine induced hepatopathy in rats Indian J Physiol
Pharmacol 44 82-86
Modi KP Patel NM and Goyal R K (2008) Estimation of L-topaf from
Mucuna pruriens Linn And formation containing Mpruriens by HPTLC
method Chem Pharma Bull 56(3) 357
Mohamed and Azza M (2008) The ameliorative actions of Agaricus blazei
mushroom against rat liver oxidative damage and fibrosis induced by CCL4
International Journal of Biotechnology amp Biochemistry 303-323
Mohan V (2004) Why are Indians more prone to diabetes J Assoc Phys
India 52468ndash474
Mohan V and Deepa R (2006) Adipocytokines and The expanding Asian
Indian Phenotype J Assoc Physic Ind 54 685-6
Moncada A Palmaer RMJ and Higgs EA (1991) Nitric oxide
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1421
Moon YJ Wang X Morris and ME (2006) Toxicol In Vitro 20 187
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Morris GM Goodsell DS Halliday RS Huey R Hart WE Belew
RK and Olson AJ (1998) Automated docking using a Lamarkian genetic
algorithm and an empirical binding free energy function J Comput Chem
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Morrissey JP and Osbourn AE (1999) Fungal resistance to plant
antibiotics as a mechanism of pathogenesis Microbiological and Molecular
Biological Reviews 63 708-724
Moss DW and Butterorth PJ (1974) Enzymology and Medicine London
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Mozaffari FS Ghorbani M Babai A and Farzami Sepehr M (2000)
The effect of water stress on the seed oil of Nigella sativa L J Essent Oil
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Mursu J Voutilainen S Nurmi T Tuomainen TP Kurl S and Salonen
JT (2008) Flavonoid intake and the risk of ischaemic stroke and CVD
mortality in middle aged Finnishmen The Kuopio Ischaemic heart disease
risk factor study Br J Nutr 100 (4) 890ndash895
Musso G Gambino R and Cassader M (2009) Recent insights into
hepatic lipid metabolism in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
Progress in Lipid Research 48 1e26
Musso G Gambino R and De Michieli F (2003) Dietary habits and their
relations to insulin resistance and postprandial lipemia in nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis Hepatology 37 909ndash16
Mythilypriya R Shanthi P and Sachdanandam P (2007) Oral acute and
subacute toxicity studies with Kalpaamruthaa a modified indigenous
preparation on rats J Health Sci 53(4) 351-358
Nadakarni KM (1976) Corcus sativus Nigella sativa In Nadkarni KM
(Ed) Indian Materia Medica Popular Prakashan Bombay India pp 386ndash
411
Naganna B (1989) Plasma proteins In Textbook of Biochemistry and
Human Biology Talwar GP Srivastava LM and Moudgil K D Prentice-
Hall of India Private Ltd New-Delhi 2nd
edn 59-61
Nair HK Rao KV Aalinkeel R Mahajan S Chawda R and Schwartz
SA (2004) Inhibition of prostate cancer cell colony formation by the
flavonoid quercetin correlates with modulation of specific regulatory genes
Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 11 63-69
Nakamoto K Takayama F Mankura M Hidaka Y Egashira T and
Ogino T (2009) Beneficial effects of fermented green tea extract in a rat
model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis J Clin Biochem Nutr 44 239ndash46
Nanji AA (2004b) Another animal model for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
how close to the human condition The American Journal of Clinical
Nutrition 79(3) 350ndash351
Nanji AA (2004a) Animal models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and
steatohepatitis Clinics in Liver Disease 8 (3) 559ndash574 (ix)
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steatohepatitis summary of an AASLD single topic conference Hepatology
371202ndash19
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Entada saponin-III a saponin isolated from the bark of Entada phaseoloides
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(2005) Flavonoidndashmembrane interaction a protective role of flavonoids at
the membrane surface Clin Dev Immunol 12 (1) 19ndash25
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compounds isolated from olive oil European Journal of Cancer 36 1235ndash
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diabetes Science 306457ndash61
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antioxidant vitamins and trace elements supplemented diets on activities of
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peroxynitrite In health and disease Physiological Reviews 87(1) 315ndash424
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Ayurvedic Herbal Medicine Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratisthan Delhi p316
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Perez-Amador MC Ocotero VM Castaneda JMG and Esquinca
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Perry G Cash AD Srinivas R and Smith MA (2002) Metals and
oxidative homeostasis in Alzheimerlsquos disease Drug Development and
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action Diabetologia 47170ndash84
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glutathione a cellular protagonist [J] Biochem Pharmacl 66(8) 1499-1503
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hypercholesterolemia Molecular Cellular Biochemistry 335 67ndash74
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oxidative damage in rat tissues and its attenuation by dietary sesame oil
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Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2 289-292
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Ficus glomerata Pure and Applied Chemistry 66 2287ndash2290
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antihepatotoxic activity of Kamilari a polyherbal formulation J
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Nigella sativa Linn against gastric ulcers in rats Curr Sci 82 177ndash179
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nutraceutical applications of black cumin (Nigella sativa L) an overview
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(Nigella sativa L) coriander (Coriandrum sativum L) and niger (Guizotia
abyssinica Cass) crude seed oils upon stripping Eur J Lipid Sci Technol
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Randhawa MA and Al-Ghamdi MS (2002) A review of the
pharmacotherapeutic effects of Nigella sativa Pakistan Journal of Medical
Research 41 77ndash83
Rao BR Murugresan T Sinha S Saha BP Pal M and Mandal SC
(2002) Glucose lowering efficacy of Ficus racemosa barks extract in normal
and alloxan diabetic rats Phytotherapy Research 16 590ndash592
Rao CV Arti R Verma M Vijayakumar S Rastogi (2008)
Gastroprotective effect of standardized extract of Ficus glomerata fruit on
experimental gastric ulcers in rats Journal of Ethnopharmacology 115
323ndash326
Rao KS (2009) Free radical induced oxidative damage to DNA relation to
brain aging and neurological disorders Indian J Biochem Biophys 46 9ndash15
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
Evans C (1999) Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231ndash1237
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
Evans C (1999) Antioxidant activity applying in an improved radical cation
decolorisation assay Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231-1237
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peroxidation ndashBiochemistry measurement and signified in liver cell injury in
toxicology in the liver edited by G L Plea and W R Hewilt (Raven press
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induced response of photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism in higher
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and benzyl adenine and dark- treated graving rice (Oryza sativa) leaves II
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ed New York Academic
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activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids J Free Radic Biol
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Rinella ME Elias MS Smolak RR Fu T Borensztajn J and Green
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and antioxidant enzymes in diet-induced metabolic syndrome Metabolism
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Robertson G Leclercq I and Farrell GC (2001) Nonalcoholic steatosis
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Antioxidant properties of polyphenol-containing extract from soybean
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Rosenberg HR (1992) Chemistry and Physiology of the citamins Inter
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expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in a high fat-induced
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Ryan L OConnell O OSullivan L Aherne SA and OBrien NM
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Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 63(3) 127minus133
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Interact 175 318ndash26
Sahai A Malladi P Melin-Aldana H Green RM and Whitington PF
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Sairam K Rao ChV Babu MD Kumar V Agarwal VK and Goel
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Sanyal AJ (2002) GA technical review on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Gastroenterology 123 1705ndash1725
Sanyal AJ Campbell-Sargent C Mirshahi F Rizzo WB Contos MJ
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Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis association of insulin resistance and
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Antioxidative properties of xanthan on the autoxidation of soybean oil in
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Shimizu MH Araujo M Borges SM De Tolassa EM and Seguro
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Shukla R Gupta S Gambhir JK Prabhu KM and Murthy PS (2004)
Antioxidant effect of aqueous extract of the bark of Ficus bengalensis in
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Phytochemical and antioxidant characterization of Hypericum perforatum
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Singanan V Singana M and Begum H (2007) The hepatoprotective
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International J Science and Technology 2(2) 83-92
Singh M Govindarajan R Nath V Singh RAK and Mehrotra S
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Ethanopharamacology 107 67-72
Singh R Wang Y Schattenberg JM Xiang Y and Czaja MJ (2009)
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Singh SP Nayak S and Swain M (2004) Prevalence of non-alcoholic
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Sirisha N Sreenivasulu M Sangeeta K and Madhusudhana Chetty C
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Smirnoff N Cumbes QJ (1989) Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of
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Solga S Alkhuraishe AR and Clark JM (2004) Dietary composition
and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Dig Dis Sci 491578ndash83
Son IS Kim JH Sohn HY Son KH Kim JS and Kwon CS
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saponin of yam (Dioscorea spp) on high-cholesterol fed rats Bioscience
Biotechnology and Biochemistry 71 3063ndash3071
Song BJ Moon KH and Olsson NU (2008) Prevention of alcoholic
fatty liver and mitochondrial dysfunction in the rat by long-chain
polyunsaturated fatty acids J Hepatol 49 262ndash273
Song Y Manson JE Buring JE Sesso HD and Liu S (2005) J Am
Coll Nutr 24 376e384
Sookoian S Castanlsquoo GO Burguenlsquoo AL Gianotti TF Risselli MS
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Spolarics Z and Meyenhofer M (2000) Augmented resistance to oxidative
stress in fatty rat livers induced by a short-term sucrose-rich diet Biochim
Biophys Acta 1487 190-200
Sreejayan N and Rao MNA (1997) Nitric oxide scavenging by
curcuminoids Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 49 105ndash107
Srivastava V (2008) Bioinformation 3 180 [PMID 19238244]
Stadlbauer V Fickert P Lackner C Schmerlaib J Krisper P Trauner
M and Stauber RE (2005) Hepatotoxicity of NONI juice Report of two
cases World J Gastroenterol 11 4758ndash4760
Stadtman ER and Levine RL (2003) Free radical-mediated oxidation of
free amino acids and amino acid residues in proteins Amino Acids 25 207-
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Stanner SA Hughes J Kelly CN and Buttriss JA (2004) Review of
the epidemiological evidence for the antioxidant hypotheses Public Health
Nutrition 7 407-422
Steiner RP (1986) Folk Medicine ndash The Art and the Science American
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Stickel F and Schuppan D (2007) Herbal medicine in the treatment of
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Med Hypotheses 60 567-572
Stiehl A Walker S Stiehl L Rudolph G Hofmann WJ and
Theilmann L (1994) Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on liver and bile duct
disease in primary sclerosing cholangitis A 3-year pilot study with a
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Sudhahar V Kumar SA and Varalakshmi P (2006) Role of lupeol and
lupeol linoleate on lipemicndashoxidative stress in experimental
hypercholesterolemia Life Science 78 1329ndash1335
Sun Q Ma J Campos H Hankinson SE Manson JE and Stampfer
MJ (2007) A prospective study of trans fatty acids in erythrocytes and risk
of coronary heart disease Circulation 115 1858ndash1865
Sun WY Wei W Wu L Gui SY and Wang H (2007) Effects and
mechanisms of extract from Paeonia lactiflora and Astragalus
membranaceus on liver fibrosis induced by CCl4 in rats J
Ethanopharmacol 112 514-524
Suntress ZA and Sheck PN (1995) Prevention of lung injury by
tocopherol lipsome J Drug target 3 201
Suresh PS Kumar A Kumar R and Singh VP (2008) An in silico
[correction of insilico] approach to bioremediation laccase as a case study
J Mol Graph Model 26 (5) 845ndash9 doi101016jjmgm200705005
PMID 17606396
Swanr JC and Connor WE (1975) Hypercholesterolemia of total
starvation its mechanism via tissue mobilization of cholesterol
AmJPhysiol 229 365-369
Szczeklik A Gryglewski RJ Domagala B Dworski R and Basista M
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430
Szeto YT Tomlinson B and Benzie IF (2002) Total antioxidant and
ascorbic acid content of fresh fruits and vegetables Implications for dietary
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Taher A Ismaeel H and Cappellini MD (2006) Thalassemia intermedia
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Tapondjou AL Miyamoto T Mirjolet JF Guilbaud N and Lacaille-
Dubois MA (2005) Pursaethosides AndashE triterpene saponins from Entada
pursaetha Journal of Natural Products 68 1185ndash1190
Targher G Bertolini L Padovani R Poli F Scala L Zenari L
Zoppini G and Falezza G (2006) Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is
associated with carotid artery wall thickness in diet-controlled type 2 diabetic
patients J Endocrinol Invest 29 55ndash60
Taylor and Francis (2000) Toxicology of the Human Environment - the
critical role of free radicals London
Teli MR James OF Burt AD Bennett MK and Day CP (1995)
The natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver a follow-up study
Hepatology 22 1714ndash1719
Tetri LH Basaranoglu M Brunt EM Yerian LM and Neuschwander-
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Food Chemistry 125 1430ndash1435
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fatty liver disease World J Gastroenterol 13 4539ndash4550
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Eisenberg M Kessler RC Foster C Norlock FE Calkins DR and
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Prevalence costs and patterns of use New Engl J Med 32 246-252
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radical scavenging properties of lignans Organic and Bimolecular
Chemistry 21 3336ndash3347
Ekstedt M Franzeacuten LE Mathiesen UL Thorelius L Holmqvist M
Bodemar G and Kechagias S (2006) Long-term follow-up of patients with
NAFLD and elevated liver enzymes Hepatology 44 865ndash873
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NADPH supported oxidase activity and lipid peroxidation dependent on
ethanol-inducible cytochrome P-450 (P-450 IIE1) Biochem Pharmacol 38
1313ndash9
El-Dakhakhny M Mady NI and Halim M (2000) Nigella sativa L oil
protects against induced hepatotoxicity and improves serum lipid profile in
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Ellmam GC (1959) Tissue sulfhydryl groups Archives of Biochemistry
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Emery MG Fisher JM and Chien JY (2003) CYP2E1 activity before
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Enriquez A Leclercq I Farrell GC and Robertson G (1999) Altered
expression of hepatic CYP2E1 and CYP4A in obese diabetic obob mice
and fafa Zucker rats Biochim Biophys Res Commun 255 300ndash 6
Esterbauer H Schaur RJ and Zollner H (1991) Chemistry and
biochemistry of 4-hydroxynonenal malonaldehyde and related aldehydes
Free Radical Biology amp Medicine 11 (1) 81ndash128
Evans P and Halliwell B (1999) Free radicals and hearing Cause
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Fan JG Zhu J and Li XJ (2005) Fatty liver and the metabolic syndrome
among Shanghai adults J Gastroenterol Hepatol 20 1825-32
Fang YZ Yang S and Wu G (2002) Free radicals antioxidants and
nutrition Nutrition 18 872-879
Fardet A Llorach R Martin JF Besson C Lyan B Pujos-Guillot E
and Scalbert A (2008) Aliquid chromatographyndashquadrupole time-of-flight
(LCndashQTOF)-based metabolomic approach reveals new metabolic effects of
catechin in rats fed J Proteome Res 7 2388ndash2398
Farrel GC Larter CZ (2006) Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease from
steatosis to cirrhosis Hepatology 43S99ndash112
Feig M Onufriev A Lee MS Im W Case DA and Brooks CL
(2004) Performance comparison of generalized born and Poisson methods
in the calculation of electrostatic solvation energies for protein structures
Journal of Computational Chemistry 25 (2) 265ndash84 doi101002jcc10378
PMID 14648625
Feldstein AEWerneburg NW Canbay A Guicciardi ME Bronk
SF Rydzewski R Burgart LJ and Gores GJ (2004) Free fatty acids
promote hepatic lipotoxicity by stimulating TNF-alpha expression via a
lysosomal pathway Hepatology 40 185ndash194
Ferannini E Natalie A and Bell P (1997)Insulin resistance and
hypersecretion in obesity J Clin Invest 100 1166
Flora SJ (2007) Role of free radicals and antioxidants in health and disease
[J] Cell Mol Biol 53(1) 1-2
Foti MC Daquino C and Geraci C (2004) Electron-transfer reaction of
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Foyer CH and Halliwell B (1976) The presence of glutathione activation
during plant stress Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 102B
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Fraga C Leibovitz B and Tappel A (1987a) Halogenated compounds as
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Medicine 3 119-123
Francis G Kerem Z Makkar HPS and Becker K (2002) The
biological action of saponins in animal systems a review British Journal of
Nutrition 88 587ndash605
Frei B and Higdon JV (2003) Antioxidant activity of tea polyphenols in
vivo evidence from animal studies J Nutr 133 3275Sndash84S
Fromenty B Robin MA Igoudjil A Mansouri A and Pessayre D
(2004) The ins and outs of mitochondrial dysfunction in NASH Diabetes amp
Metabolism 30 121ndash138
Fruhwirth GO Loidl A and Hermetter A (2007) Oxidized
phospholipids From molecular properties to disease Biochem Biophys
Acta 1772 718-736
Fryer MJ (1992) The antioxidant effects of thyla Vit E Plant cell Environ
15 381
Gaetani G Ferraris A and Rolfo M (1996) Predominant role of catalase
in the disposal of hydrogen peroxide within human erythrocytes [J] Blood
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Ganapathy S (2004) Emerging strategy in the study of natural products
Indian Journal of
Germano MP Sanogo R Costa C Fulco R Ando DV Torrel EA
Viscomi MG and Pasqualle DR (1999) Hpatoprotective properties in the
rat of Mitracarpus scaber (Rubaceae) J Pharm Pharmacol 51 729-734
Giovanelli G and Pagliarini E (2009) Antioxidant composition of tomato
products typically consumed in Italy Italian Journal of Food Science 21(3)
305-316
Girish S Achliya Sudhir Wadodkar G Avinash and Dorle K (2004)
Evaluation of hepatoprotective effect of Amalkadi Ghrita against CCl4
induced hepatic damage in rats J Ethanopharmacology 90 229-232
Goldstein BJ and Scalia R (2004) Adiponectin a novel adipokine linking
adipocytes and vascular function J Clin Endocrinol Metab 892563ndash2568
Gomall AG et al (1949) Biolchem 177 751
Goris AH and Westerterp KR (2008) Physical activity fat intake and
body fat Physiol Behav 94 164ndash8
Grattagliano I Caraceni P Calamita G Ferri D Gargano I Palasciano
G and Portincasa P (2008) Severe liver steatosis correlates with nitrosative
and oxidative stress in rats Eur J Clin Invest 38 523-530
Gray (2008) Anatomy The Anatomical basis of clinical practice Chap 68
Liver 40th
di Elsevier 1858
Green RM and Flamm S (2002) AGA Technical review of evaluation of
liver chemistry tests Gasteroenteerology 123 1367-1384
Grill V and Bjoumlrklund A (2009) Impact of metabolic abnormalities for
beta cell function clinical significance and underlying mechanisms Mol
Cell Endocrinol 297 86ndash92
Grusak MA (2002) Phytochemicals in plants genomics-assisted plant
improvement for nutritional and health benefits Curr Opin Biotechnol 13
508ndash511
Guumllccedilin I Mshvildadze V Gepdiremen A and Elias R (2004)
Antioxidant activity of saponins isolated from ivy a-hederin hederasaponin-
C hederacolchiside-E and hederacolchiside-F Planta Medica 70 561ndash563
Guumllccedilin I Mshvildadze VA Gepdiremen A and Elias R (2006) The
antioxidant activity of a triterpenoid glycoside isolated from the berries of
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Antioxidant and analgesic activities of turpentine of Pinus nigra Arn Subsp
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activities of peel pulp and seed fractions of common fruits as determined by
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Gupta R and Misra A (2007) Type 2 diabetes in India regional
disparities Br J Diab Vasc Dis 7(1)12ndash6
Gurumoorthy V Hindu Jan-23rd 2011
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Two new biologically active triterpenoidal saponins acylated with salicylic
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and hepatoprotective effects of silibinin in a rat model of nonalcoholic
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Hansson A Zelada JC and Noriega HP (2005) Revaluations of risks
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Yonemoto M Ikeda Y Ohwaki K Aragane K Tamai Y Kusunoki
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some medicinal plants on performances physiological and meat quality traits
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associated with hyperlipidemia caused by a semi-synthetic diet Laboratory
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hypobromite-mediated radical formation and its role in cell lysis Arch
Biochem Biophys 395 137-145
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changes in microheological properties of the red cell membrane 76 1015-
1022
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388-389
Hedge K Joshi AB (2009) Hepatoprotective effect of Carissa carandus
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stress Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 47 660-667
Heibatollah S Reza NM Izadpanah G and Sohailla S (2008)
Hepatoprotective effect of Cichorium intybus on CCl4 induced liver damage
in rats African Journal of Biochemistry 2(6) 141-144
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Chem46 3590
Heuman DM Pandak WM Hylemon PB and Vlahzevic ZR (1991)
Conjugates of ursodeoxycholate protect against cytotoxicity of more
hydrophobic bile salts Hepatology 14 920ndash926
Higuchi N Kato M and Shundo Y (2008) LiverXreceptor in cooperation
with SREBP-1c is a major lipid synthesis regulator in nonalcoholic fatty
liver disease Hepatol Res 38(11) 1122ndash9
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Intrinsic oxidative stress in cancer cells a biochemical basis for therapeutic
selectivity Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 53 209ndash19
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and Curi R (2007) Time-dependent effects of fatty acids on skeletal muscle
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erythrocyte superoxide dismutase with hydrogen peroxide
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a causal role in multiple forms of insulin resistance Nature 440944ndash8
httpclinicaltrialsgovct2showNCT00065676intrfrac1422quercetin
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1841minus1856
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Iovin Nicole M Seema Pursnani Voldman A Wasserman G Blaser
MJ and Weinrauch Y (2008) Reactive nitrogen species contribute to
innate host defense against Camoylobacter jjuni Infection and Immunity
76(3) 986-93
Ismail M Ghanya Al-Naqeep Kim Wei Chan (2010) Nigella sativa
thymoquinone-rich fraction greatly improves plasma antioxidant capacity
and expression of antioxidant genes in hypercholesterolemic rats Free
Radical Biology amp Medicine 48 664ndash672
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ferulic acid a comparative study with other natural oxidation inhibitors
Food Chem 114 466ndash471
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15 755-766
Jain S Dixit Malviya N and Ambawata V (2009) Antioxidant and
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of affluence Lancet 353 (9165) 1634ndash1636
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Katina K Arendt E Liukkonen KH Autio K Flander L and Poutanen
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Koruk M Savascedil MC Yilmaz O Tayscedil iS Karakok M Guumlndolsquogdu C
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Krishnamoorthy V Divianathan S Subramanian B and Shanmugam M
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Kulinski A Vance DE and Vance JE (2004) A choline-deficient diet in
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Kurian GA and Paddikkala J (2009) Administration of aqueous extract of
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Lansky EP Helena M Paavilainena Alison D Pawlus B Robert A
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Lapenna D Del Boccio G Porreca E Pennelli A Mezzetti A De
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Laurin J Lindor KD Crippin JS Gossard A Gores GJ Ludwig J
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Le K Chiu F and Ng K (2007) Identification and quantification of
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Le PM Benhaddou-Andaloussi A Elimadi A Settaf A Cherrah Y
and Haddad P (2004) The petroleum ether extract of Nigella sativa exerts
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Leclercq IA (2007) Pathogenesis of steatohepatitis insights from the study
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Lee GS Yan JS Ng RK Kakar S and Maher JJ (2007)
Polyunsaturated fat in the methionine-choline-deficient diet influences
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Lee JK N and Min DB (2004) Reactive Oxygen Species Aging and
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Lee KS Buck M Houglum K and Chojkier M (1995) Activation of
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Dietary carvacrol lowers body weight gain but improves feed conversion in
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Lieber CS Leo MA Mak KM Xu Y Cao Q Ren C
Ponomarenko A and DeCarli LM (2004) Model of nonalcoholic
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Lindor KD Dickson ER Baldus WP Jorgensen RA Ludwig J
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Pathophysiology Concepts of Altered Health States Seventh edition 2008
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Liu F and Ng TB (2000) Antioxidative and free radical scavenging
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Lizardi-Cervera J and Aquilar-Zapata D (2009) Nonalcoholic fatty liver
disease and its association with cardiovascular disease 8 S40ndashS43
Lopez-Avila V L and A and Yefchak G (2009) Use of GC-QTOF MS to
identify unknown compounds in herbal extracts 1-4
Lopez-Garcia E Schulze MB Meigs JB Manson JE Rifai N and
Stampfer MJ (2005) l Consumption of trans fatty acids is related to plasma
biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction J Nutr 135 562ndash
566
Louchami K Zhang Y Oguzhan B Delporte C Portois L and
Carpentier YA (2006) Rapid changes in liver lipid composition and
pancreatic islet K+ handling and secretory behaviour provoked by the
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Lowry OH Rosebrough NJ Farr AI and Randall RJ (1951) Protein
determination with the folinlsquos phenol reagent JBiolChem 193 265-275
Luck H (1974) In Methods in enzymatic analysisBer Acad N Y 885
Ludwig J Viggiano TR McGill DB and Ott BJ (1980) Non-alcoholic
steatohepatitis Mayo clinic experiences with a hitherto unnamed disease
Mayo Clin Proc 55434-438
Lugasi A Dworschak E Blazovics A and Kery A (1998) Antioxidant
and free radical scavenging properties of squeezed juice from black radish
(Raphanus sativus I Varniger) root Phytother Res 12 502-506
Lyon CJ Law RE and Hsueh WA (2003) Minireview adiposity
inflammation and atherogenesis Endocrinology 144 2195ndash2200
Mabrouk GM Moselhy SS Zohny SF Ali EM Helal TE Amin
AA and Khalifa AA (2002) Inhibition of methylnitrosourea (MNU)
induced oxidative stress and carcinogenesis by orally administered bee honey
and Nigella grains in Sprague Dawely rats Journal of Experimental and
Clinical Cancer Research 21 (3) 341ndash346
Madan MP Raghavan G Singh AK and Palpu P (2005) Free radical
scavenging potential of Saussarea costua Acta Pharm 55 297-304
Mahendran P and Devi CSS (2001) The modulating effect of Garicinia
cambogia extract on ethanol induced peroxidative damage in rats Indian J
Pharmacology 33 87-91
Mahmoud MR El-Abhar HS and Saleh S (2002) The effect of Nigella
sativa oil against the liver damage induced by Shistosoma mansoni infection
in mice Journal of Ethnopharmacology 79 1ndash11
Makino I Shinozaki K Yoshino K and Nakagawa S (1975)
Dissolution of cholesterol gallstones by long-term administration of
ursodeoxycholic acid Nippon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi 72 690ndash702
Malik EP Singh MB (1980) Plant Enzymology and Hittoenzymology
1st Edn Kalyani Publishers New Delhi 286
Mallikharjuna PB Rajanna LN Seetharam YN and Sharanabasappa
GK (2007) Phytochemical Studies of Strychnos potatorum LF A
Medicinal Plant 4(4) 510-518
Manco M Calvani M and Mingrone G (2004) Effects of dietary fatty
acids on insulin sensitivity and secretion Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism
6 402ndash413
Manian R Anusuya N Siddhuraju P and Manian S (2008) The
antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging potential of two different
solvent extracts of Camellia sinensis (L) O Kuntz Ficus bengalensis L and
Ficus racemosa L Food Chemistry 107 1000ndash1007
Marchand LL Murphy SP Hankin JH Wilkens LR Kolonel LN
(2000) J Natl Cancer Inst 92 154
Marchesini G Bugianesi E Forlani G Cerrelli F Lenzi M Manini
R Natale S Vanni E Villanova N Melchionda N and Rizzetto M
(2003) Nonalcoholic fatty liver steatohepatitis and the metabolic syndrome
Hepatology 37 917ndash 923
Mari M Caballero F Colell A Morales A Caballeria J Fernandez
A Enrich C Fernandez-Checa JC and Garcia-Ruiz C (2006)
Mitochondrial free cholesterol loading sensitizes to TNF and Fas-meidated
steatohepatitis Cell Metabolism 4 185ndash198
Marimuthu P Wu CL Chang HT and Chang ST (2008) Antioxidant
activity of the ethanolic extract from the bark of Chamaecyparis obtuse var
Formosana J Sci Food Agric 88
Mariod AA Ibrahim RM Ismail M and Ismail N (2009) Antioxidant
activity and phenolic content of phenolic rich fractions obtained from black
cumin (Nigella sativa) seedcake Food Chemistry 116 306ndash312
Maron DJ (2004) Flavonoids for reduction of atherosclerotic risk Curr
Atheroscler Rep 6 73-78
Marra F Gastaldelli A Svegliati Baroni G Tell G and Tiribelli C
(2008) Molecular basis and mechanisms of progression of non-alcoholic
steatohepatitis Trends Mol Med 14 72ndash81
Mason JS Morize I Menard PR Cheney DL Hulme C and
Labaudiniere RF (1999) J Med Chem 42 3251e3264
Mates JM Perez-Gomez C and Decastro IN (1999) Clin Chem 32
595-603
Matsuzawa N Takamura T Kurita S Misu H Ota T Ando H
Yokoyama M Honda M Zen Y Nakanuma Y Miyamoto K and
Kaneko S (2007) Lipid-induced oxidative stress causes steatohepatitis in
mice fed an atherogenic diet Hepatology 46 1392ndash1403
Matsuzawa Y Shimomura I Nakamura T Keno Y Kotani K and
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Matteoni C Younossi Z Gramlich T Boparai N and Liu Y (1999)
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease a spectrum of clinical and pathological
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Matthaei S StumvollM Kellerer M and Haring (2000) Endocr H-U
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Matthew Ricci (2008) NAFLD (Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease) A
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Matthew Cave Ion Deaciuc Christian Mendez Zhenyuan Song Swati
Joshi-Barve Shirish Barve Craig McClain (2007) Nonalcoholic fatty liver
disease predisposing factors and the role of nutrition Journal of Nutritional
Biochemistry 18 184ndash 195
Mavrelis PG Ammon HV Gleysteen JJ Komorowski RA and
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morbid obesity Hepatology 3 226ndash231
Mayes AP (1993) Structure and function of the lipid soluble vitamins In
Murray KR Graner KD Mayes AP and Rodwell WV Harperlsquos
Biochemistry Chap 53 Prentice-Hall International Inc 23rd
edition 588-
590
Mazur A Bayle D Lab C Rock E and Rayssiguier Y (1999)
Inhibitory effect of procyanidin-rich extracts on LDL oxidation in vitro
Atherosclerosis 145 421ndash422
McCay PB (1985) Vitamin E Interactions with free radicals and
ascorbate Ann Rev Nutr 5 323-340
McCullough AJ (2004) The clinical features diagnosis and natural history
of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Clinics in Liver Disease 8 521ndash533
McDougall GJ Dobson P Smith P Blake A and Stewart D (2005)
Assessing potential bioavallability of raspberry anthocyanins using an in
vitro digestion system Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53(15)
5896minus5904
Mehta B K Sharma U Pandit V Agrawal S Joshi N and Gupta M
(2008) Med Chem Res 17 462ndash473
Meng EC Shoichet BK and Kuntz ID (2004) Automated docking
with grid-based energy evaluation Journal of Computational Chemistry 13
(4) 505ndash524 doi101002jcc540130412
Merchant JR Bakshi VM and Engineer AB (1979) Chemical
investigation of fruits of Ficus glomerata Roxb Indian J Chem 17B 87ndash88
Mervat MM and Taie HAA (2009) Antioxidant activities total
anthocyanins phenolics and flavonoids contents of some sweet potato
genotypes under stress of different concentrations of sucrose and sorbito
Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 3(4) 3609-3616
Meydani M (2000) Vitamin E and prevention of heart disease in high-risk
patients Nutr Rev 58 278-281
Meyer SA and Kulkarni AP (2001) Hepatotoxicity in Introduction to
biochemical toxicology 3rd
Edition edited by E Hodgson and R C Smart (A
John Wiley amp Sons Inc New York) 487
Mezzetti A Di Ilio C Calafiore AM Aceto A Marzio L Frederici G
and Cuccurullo F (1990) Glutathione peroxidase glutathione reductase and
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Michael Metz (2005) Liver function tests IMVS News letter 57
Michalak A (2006) Phenolic compounds and their antioxidant activity in
plants growing under heavy metal stress Polish J Environ Studies 15(4)
523-530
Milagro FI Campioacuten J and Martiacutenez JA (2006) Weight gain induced
by high-fat feeding involves increased liver oxidative stress Obesity (Silver
Spring) 14 1118ndash1123
Miliauskas G Venskutonis PR and Van Beek TA (2004) Screening of
radical scavenging activity of some medicinal and aromatic plant extracts
Food Chemistry 85 231ndash237
Ming M Guanhua L Zhanhai Y Guang C and Xuan Z (2009) Effect
of the Lycium barbarum polysaccharides administration on blood lipid
metabolism and oxidative stress of mice fed high-fat diet in vivo Food
Chemistry 113 872ndash877
Misra A Khurana L Vikram NK Goel A and Wasir JS (2007)
Metabolic syndrome in children current issues and South Asian perspective
Nutrition 23(11ndash12)895ndash910
Misra A Misra R Wijesuriya M and Banerjee D (2007) The metabolic
syndrome in south Asians continuing escalation amp possible solutions Indian
J Med Res 125(3)345ndash54
Misra A Vikram NK (2004) Insulin resistance syndrome (metabolic
syndrome) and obesity in Asian Indians Evidence and implications
Nutrition 20482ndash491
Mithra SK Seshadri SJ Venkataranganna MV Gopumadhavan S
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formulation in galactosamine induced hepatopathy in rats Indian J Physiol
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mushroom against rat liver oxidative damage and fibrosis induced by CCL4
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Mohan V (2004) Why are Indians more prone to diabetes J Assoc Phys
India 52468ndash474
Mohan V and Deepa R (2006) Adipocytokines and The expanding Asian
Indian Phenotype J Assoc Physic Ind 54 685-6
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steatohepatitis Hepatology 37 909ndash16
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Nanji AA (2004b) Another animal model for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
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Nanji AA (2004a) Animal models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and
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Neuschwander-Tetri BA and Caldwell SH (2003) Nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis summary of an AASLD single topic conference Hepatology
371202ndash19
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Oguzhan B Sancho V Acitores A Villanueva-Penacarrillo ML
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Entada saponin-III a saponin isolated from the bark of Entada phaseoloides
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Okada Y Shibata S Javellana AMJ and Kamo O (1988) Entada
saponins (ES) II and IV from the bark of Entada phaseoloides Chemical and
Pharmaceutical Bulletin 36 1264ndash1269
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Oteiza PI Erlejman AG Verstraeten SV Keen CL and Fraga CG
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the membrane surface Clin Dev Immunol 12 (1) 19ndash25
Owen R W Giacosa A Hull W E Haubner R Spiegelhalder B and
Bartsh H (2000) The antioxidantanticancer potential of phenolic
compounds isolated from olive oil European Journal of Cancer 36 1235ndash
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Oyaizu M (1986) Studies on product of browning reaction prepared from
glucose amine Japanese Journal of Nutrition 44307-315
Ozcan U Cao Q Yilmaz E Lee AH Iwakoshi NN and Ozdelen E
(2004) Endoplasmic reticulum stress links obesity insulin action and type 2
diabetes Science 306457ndash61
Ozturk-Urek R Bozkaya LA and Tarhan L (2001) The effects of some
antioxidant vitamins and trace elements supplemented diets on activities of
SOD CAT GSH-Px and LPO levels in chicken tissues Cell Biochemistry
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Pacheco-Alvarez D Solorzano-Vargas RS and Leon-Del-Rio A (2002)
Biotin in metabolism and its relationship tohuman disease Arch Med Res
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Pacher P Beckman JS and Liaudet L (1997) (Nitric oxide and
peroxynitrite in health and disease Physiol Rev 87 (1) 315ndash424
Pacher P Beckman JS and Liaudet L (2007) Nitric oxide and
peroxynitrite In health and disease Physiological Reviews 87(1) 315ndash424
Paetau I Khachik F Brown ED Beecher GR Kramer TR and
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Pan HZ Zhang H Chang D Li H and Sui H (2008) The change of
oxidative stress products in diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy Br J
Ophthalmol 92 548ndash51
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tissue growth factor expression a potential mechanism involved in
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44
Paranjpe P (2001) Indian Medicinal Plants Forgotten Healers A Guide to
Ayurvedic Herbal Medicine Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratisthan Delhi p316
Park CH Yamabe N Noh JS Kang KS Tanaka T Yokozawa T
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and lipid metabolism in the liver of dbdb mice Biol Pharm Bull 32 1734ndash
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Parrotta JA (2006) Healing Plants of Peninsular India CABI Publishing
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Patchett AA and Nargund RP (2000) Annu Rep Med Chem 35
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Pauly Nicolas Pucciariello C Mandon K Innocenti G Jamet A
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Peach and Tracey MV (1955) In modern methods of plant analyse 4
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Perez C Canal JR and Torres MD (2003) Experimental diabetes treated
with Ficus carica extract effect on oxidative stress parameters Acta
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Perez-Amador MC Ocotero VM Castaneda JMG and Esquinca
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Perry G Cash AD Srinivas R and Smith MA (2002) Metals and
oxidative homeostasis in Alzheimerlsquos disease Drug Development and
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Pietta PG (2000) Flavonoids and antioxidants J Nat Prod 63 1035-
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Pignatelli P Pulcinelli FM and Lenti L (1998) Hydrogen Peroxide Is
Involved in Collagen-Induced Platelet Activation Blood 91 (2) 484-490
Pirola L Johnston AM Van Obberghen E (2004) Modulation of insulin
action Diabetologia 47170ndash84
Pitchersky E and Gang DR (2000) Genetics and biochemistry of
secondary metabolites in plants An evolutionary perspective Trends Plant
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Pompella A Visvikis A and Paolicchi A (2003) The changing faces of
glutathione a cellular protagonist [J] Biochem Pharmacl 66(8) 1499-1503
Prasad K (2010) Effects of vitamin E on serum enzymes and electrolytes in
hypercholesterolemia Molecular Cellular Biochemistry 335 67ndash74
Prasamthi Muralidhara K and Rajini PS (2005) Fenvalerate-induced
oxidative damage in rat tissues and its attenuation by dietary sesame oil
Food Chem Toxicol 43 299ndash306
Pryor WA (1993) Measurement of oxidative stress status in humans
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2 289-292
Puppo A (1992) Effect of flavonoids on hydroxyl radical formation by
Fenton-type reactions influence of the iron chelator Phytochemistry 31
85ndash88
Rachna A and Abdelhaq R (2003) Redistribution of glucose-6-phosphate
dehydrogenase in response to cerebral ischemia in rat brain Indian J Clin
Biochem 18 64-70
Rahman NN Khan M and Hasan R (1994) Bioactive components from
Ficus glomerata Pure and Applied Chemistry 66 2287ndash2290
Rajesh MG and Latha MS (2004) Preliminary evaluation of the
antihepatotoxic activity of Kamilari a polyherbal formulation J
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Rajkapoor B Anandan R and Jayakar B (2002) Anti-ulcer effect of
Nigella sativa Linn against gastric ulcers in rats Curr Sci 82 177ndash179
Ramadan MF (2007) Nutritional value functional properties and
nutraceutical applications of black cumin (Nigella sativa L) an overview
International Journal of Food Science and Technology 42 1208ndash1218
Ramadan MF and Moumlrsel JT (2004) Oxidative stability of black cumin
(Nigella sativa L) coriander (Coriandrum sativum L) and niger (Guizotia
abyssinica Cass) crude seed oils upon stripping Eur J Lipid Sci Technol
106 35ndash43
Randhawa MA and Al-Ghamdi MS (2002) A review of the
pharmacotherapeutic effects of Nigella sativa Pakistan Journal of Medical
Research 41 77ndash83
Rao BR Murugresan T Sinha S Saha BP Pal M and Mandal SC
(2002) Glucose lowering efficacy of Ficus racemosa barks extract in normal
and alloxan diabetic rats Phytotherapy Research 16 590ndash592
Rao CV Arti R Verma M Vijayakumar S Rastogi (2008)
Gastroprotective effect of standardized extract of Ficus glomerata fruit on
experimental gastric ulcers in rats Journal of Ethnopharmacology 115
323ndash326
Rao KS (2009) Free radical induced oxidative damage to DNA relation to
brain aging and neurological disorders Indian J Biochem Biophys 46 9ndash15
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
Evans C (1999) Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231ndash1237
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
Evans C (1999) Antioxidant activity applying in an improved radical cation
decolorisation assay Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231-1237
Recknagel RO Glende EA JR Waller RL and Loery K (1982) Lipid
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toxicology in the liver edited by G L Plea and W R Hewilt (Raven press
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Reddy AR Chiatanya KV and vivekanandan M (2004) Draught
induced response of photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism in higher
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and benzyl adenine and dark- treated graving rice (Oryza sativa) leaves II
Changes in peroxidases activity Plant Cell Physiol 26 987- 994
Reid AE (2001) Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Gasteroenterology 121
710-723
Reitman S Frankel S (1957) Amer JClin Path 2856
Rennberg H (1987) Aspects of glutathione function and metabolism in
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York Plenum Press 279-292
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(eds) Standard methods of clinical chemistry 6th
ed New York Academic
press 6 215-222
Rice-Evans CA Miller NJ and Paganga G (1996) Structurendashantioxidant
activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids J Free Radic Biol
Med 20 933ndash956
Richter C (1987) Biophysical consequences of lipid peroxidation in
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Rinella ME Elias MS Smolak RR Fu T Borensztajn J and Green
RM (2008) Mechanisms of hepatic steatosis in mice fed a lipogenic
methionine choline-deficient diet J Lipid Res 491068ndash76
Rizvi MMA Irshad M Hassadi GE and Younis SB (2009) Bio
efficacies of Cassia fistula An Indian labrum African Journal of Pharmacy
and Pharmacology 3(6) 287-292
Robak J Gryglewski RJ (1988) Flavonoids are scavengers of superoxide
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Robak J Maran and Kiewicz R (1995) Scavenging of reactive oxygen
species as the mechanism of drug action Polish J of Pharmacol 47 89-98
Robert M (2006) Mineral surfaces and the prebiotic selection and
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Roberts CK Barnard RJ Sindhu RK Jurczak M Ehdaie A and
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and antioxidant enzymes in diet-induced metabolic syndrome Metabolism
55 928ndash934
Robertson G Leclercq I and Farrell GC (2001) Nonalcoholic steatosis
and steatohepatitis II Cytochrome P-450 enzymes and oxidative stress
American Journal of Physiology Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 281
(5) G1135ndashG1139
Roe J H and Keuther C A (1943) The determination of ascorbic acid in
whole blood and urine through 2 4-dinitro phenyl hydrazine derivative of
dehydro ascorbic acid J Biol Chem 147 399- 407
Rohrdanz E Schmuck G Ohler S and Kahl R (2001) The influence of
oxidative stress on catalase and MnSOD gene transcription in astrocytes
Brain Res 900 128-136
Rojas C Cadenas S Lopez-Torres M Perez-Campo R and Barja G
(1996) Increase in heart glutathione redox and total antioxidant capacity and
dcrease in lipid peroxidation after vitamin E dietary supplementation in
guinea pigs Free Radic Biol Med 21 907-15
Romeo S Sentinelli F Dash S Yeo GS Savage DB Leonetti F
Capoccia D Incani M Maglio C Iacovino M OlsquoRahilly S and Baroni
MG (2010) Int J Obes (Lond) 34 190ndash194
Romero AM Mirtha MD Sturia MA and Judis MA (2004)
Antioxidant properties of polyphenol-containing extract from soybean
fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae Eur J Lipid Sci Technol 106
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Rosen HR and Keefe EB (1998) Laboratory evaluation of the patient
with signs and symptoms of liver disease In clinical practice of
gastroenterology (Brandt LJEd) Churchil Livingstone Philadelphia 812-
820
Rosenberg HR (1992) Chemistry and Physiology of the citamins Inter
Science Publishers Inc New York 452-453
Rosselli MS Adriana L Burgue˜nob Julieta Carabelli Mariano Schumanb
Carlos J Pirolab and Silvia Sookoiana (2009) Losartan reduces liver
expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in a high fat-induced
rat nonalcoholic fatty liver disease model Atherosclerosis 206 119ndash126
Roy S Sehgal R Pahdy BM and Kumar VL (2005) Antioxidant and
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antioxidant activities of various solvent extracts of Carissa opaca fruits
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Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis association of insulin resistance and
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Antioxidative properties of xanthan on the autoxidation of soybean oil in
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Hepatology 45 1366ndash1374
Yang H Roberts LJ Jian Shi M Chun Zhou Li Ballard BR
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Yang JS Lee SJ Park HW and Cha YS (2006) Effect of genistein
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Yang S Zhu H Li Y Lin H Gabrielson K Trush MA and Diehl
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mechanism of oxidative injury Free Radic Biol Med 39(10) 1385ndash1398
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Yu L Haley S Perret J Harris M Wilson J and Qian M (2002) Free
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Yun SN Moon SJ Ko SK Im BO and Chung SH (2004) Wild
ginseng prevents the onset of high-fat diet induced hyperglycemia and
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Zak B (1954) Cholesterol Methodologies A review Clin Chem 23 1201
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Zhang HM Chen SW Zhang LS and Feng XF (2008) The effects of
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Zhao B (2009) Natural antioxidants protect neurons in Alzheimerlsquos disease
and Parkinsonlsquos disease Neurochem Res 34 630ndash8
Zheng S Hoos L Cook J Tetzloff G Harry DJ and Van Heek M
(2008) Ezetimibe improves high fat and cholesterol diet-induced non-
alcoholic fatty liver disease Vascular Health and Risk Management 4 235ndash
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Zhu X Zhang W Pang X Wang J Zhao J and Qu W (2011)
Hypolipidaemic effect of n-butanol extract from Asparagus officinalis L in
mice fed a high-fat diet Phytotherapy Research 31 doi101002ptr3380
Zimmerman H J and Seeff L B (1970) Enzymes in hepatic disease In E
L Goodly (Ed) Diagnostic Enzymology (pp 1ndash38) Philadelphia USA
Lea amp Febiger
Zimmet P Shaw J and Alberti KG (2003) Preventing Type 2 Diabetes
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Day CP James O (1998) Steatohepatitis a tale of two hits
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De Jong N Plat J and Mensink RP (2003) Metabolic effects of plant
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Encapsulation of natural antioxidants extracted from Ilex paraguariensis
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protects against induced hepatotoxicity and improves serum lipid profile in
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Fardet A Llorach R Martin JF Besson C Lyan B Pujos-Guillot E
and Scalbert A (2008) Aliquid chromatographyndashquadrupole time-of-flight
(LCndashQTOF)-based metabolomic approach reveals new metabolic effects of
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Feig M Onufriev A Lee MS Im W Case DA and Brooks CL
(2004) Performance comparison of generalized born and Poisson methods
in the calculation of electrostatic solvation energies for protein structures
Journal of Computational Chemistry 25 (2) 265ndash84 doi101002jcc10378
PMID 14648625
Feldstein AEWerneburg NW Canbay A Guicciardi ME Bronk
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promote hepatic lipotoxicity by stimulating TNF-alpha expression via a
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Medicine 3 119-123
Francis G Kerem Z Makkar HPS and Becker K (2002) The
biological action of saponins in animal systems a review British Journal of
Nutrition 88 587ndash605
Frei B and Higdon JV (2003) Antioxidant activity of tea polyphenols in
vivo evidence from animal studies J Nutr 133 3275Sndash84S
Fromenty B Robin MA Igoudjil A Mansouri A and Pessayre D
(2004) The ins and outs of mitochondrial dysfunction in NASH Diabetes amp
Metabolism 30 121ndash138
Fruhwirth GO Loidl A and Hermetter A (2007) Oxidized
phospholipids From molecular properties to disease Biochem Biophys
Acta 1772 718-736
Fryer MJ (1992) The antioxidant effects of thyla Vit E Plant cell Environ
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Ganapathy S (2004) Emerging strategy in the study of natural products
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Germano MP Sanogo R Costa C Fulco R Ando DV Torrel EA
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Girish S Achliya Sudhir Wadodkar G Avinash and Dorle K (2004)
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adipocytes and vascular function J Clin Endocrinol Metab 892563ndash2568
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Grattagliano I Caraceni P Calamita G Ferri D Gargano I Palasciano
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and oxidative stress in rats Eur J Clin Invest 38 523-530
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Liver 40th
di Elsevier 1858
Green RM and Flamm S (2002) AGA Technical review of evaluation of
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Guumllccedilin I Mshvildadze V Gepdiremen A and Elias R (2004)
Antioxidant activity of saponins isolated from ivy a-hederin hederasaponin-
C hederacolchiside-E and hederacolchiside-F Planta Medica 70 561ndash563
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antioxidant activity of a triterpenoid glycoside isolated from the berries of
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disparities Br J Diab Vasc Dis 7(1)12ndash6
Gurumoorthy V Hindu Jan-23rd 2011
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acid from Albizia adianthifolia Journal of Natural Products 66 372ndash377
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Halliwell B (1993) The role of oxygen radicals in human disease with
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Hansson A Zelada JC and Noriega HP (2005) Revaluations of risks
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Harrison P Degen SJ Williams R and Farzaneh F (1994) Hepatic
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Harvey AL (2008) Drug Discov Today 13 894e901
Harwood H J Jr Petras SF Shelly LD Zaccaro LM Perry DA
Makowski MR Hargrove DM Martin KA Tracey WR Chapman
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and Eisenbeis SA (2003) J Biol Chem 278 37099
Harwood H J Jr (2004) Acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibition for the
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Hedge K Joshi AB (2009) Hepatoprotective effect of Carissa carandus
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Hepatoprotective effect of Cichorium intybus on CCl4 induced liver damage
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Conjugates of ursodeoxycholate protect against cytotoxicity of more
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Higuchi N Kato M and Shundo Y (2008) LiverXreceptor in cooperation
with SREBP-1c is a major lipid synthesis regulator in nonalcoholic fatty
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Inzucchi SE (2002) Oral antihyperglycemic therapy for type 2 diabetes
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Iovin Nicole M Seema Pursnani Voldman A Wasserman G Blaser
MJ and Weinrauch Y (2008) Reactive nitrogen species contribute to
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Ismail M Ghanya Al-Naqeep Kim Wei Chan (2010) Nigella sativa
thymoquinone-rich fraction greatly improves plasma antioxidant capacity
and expression of antioxidant genes in hypercholesterolemic rats Free
Radical Biology amp Medicine 48 664ndash672
Itagaki S Kurokawa T Nakata C Saito Y Oikawa S Kobayashi T
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Jain S Dixit Malviya N and Ambawata V (2009) Antioxidant and
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James O and Day C (1999) Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis another disease
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Johnson IT (2004) New approaches to the role of diet in the prevention of
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Joven J Rull A Ferreacute N Escolagrave-Gil JC Marsillach J Coll B
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highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid prevents the progression of D-
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Kallwitz ER McLachlan A and Cotler SJ (2008) Role of peroxisome
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Kamal-Eldin A and Appelqvist LA (1996) The chemistry and antioxidant
properties of tocopherols and tocotrienols Lipids 31 671-701
Kamat JP Boloor KK Devasagayam TPA and Venkatachalam SR
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Kantartzis K Peter A Machicao F Machann J Wagner S
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and Stefan N (2009) Diabetes 58 2616ndash2623
Kappus H (1991) Lipid peroxidation-mechanism and biological relevance
In O I Aruoma amp B Halliwell (Eds) Free radicals and food additives (pp
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Karan M Vasisht K and Handa SS (1999) Antihepatotoxic activity of
Swrtia chirata on paracetamol and galactosamine induced hepatotoxicity in
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fed Panax ginseng saponin a pancreatic lipase inhibitor J Agric Food Chem
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Kataria M and Singh LN (1997) Hepatoprotective effect of Liv-52 and
Kumaryasava on CCl4 induced hepatic damage in rats Indian Journal of
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Katina K Arendt E Liukkonen KH Autio K Flander L and Poutanen
K (2005) Potential of sourdough for healthier cereal products Trends Food
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Kaufmann (1999) National products of high pharmacological potency
Biochem pharmacol 32 1141-1148
Kechagias S Ernersson A Dahlqvist O Lundberg P Lindstrom T and
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and profound elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase in healthy
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Kefalas P Kallithraka S Parejo I and Makris DP (2003) Food Sci
Technol Int 9 383
Kelloff GJ Boone CW Crowell JA Steele VE Lubet RA Doody
LA Maolone WF Hawk ET and Sigman CC (1996) New agents for
cancer chemoprevention J Cell Biochem 26s 1ndash28
Khan MS Nema N Kharya MD and Khanam S (2009)
Chromatographic estimation of maturity based phytochemical profiling of
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Khan N and Sultana ST (2005) Chemomodulatory effect of Ficus
racemosa extract against chemically induced renal carcinogenesis and
oxidative damage response in Wistar rats Life Sciences 77 1194ndash1210
Kim YS Bahn KN Hah CK Gang HI and Ha YL (2008)
Inhibition of 712-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene induced mouse skin
carcinogenesis by Artemisia capillaries J Food Sci 73 T16ndash20
Kim YY Kang HJ Ko SK and Chung SH (2002) Sopungsungiwon
(SP) prevents the onset of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in Zucker
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King J (1965a) The hydrolases-acid and alkaline phosphatise In Practical
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King J (1965b) The dehydrogenase or oxidoreductase-Lactate
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Kinnunen PK (1991) On the principles of functional ordering in biological
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scoring in virtual screening for drug discovery methods and applications
Nature reviews Drug discovery 3(11) 935ndash49 doi101038nrd1549
PMID 15520816
Kiyici M Gulten M Gurel S Nak SG Dolar E and Savci G (2003)
Ursodeoxycholic acid and atorvastin in the treatment of non-alcoholic
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Klichko VI Radyuk SN and Orr WC (2004) Profiling catalase gene
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Knowles JR (1989) The mechanism of biotin-dependent enzymes Ann
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Koek GH et al Clinica Chimica Acta xxx (2011) xxxndashxxx Koek GH et
al The role of oxidative stress in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Clin Chim
Acta (2011) doi101016jcca201104013
Koumlksal E Guumllccedilin İ Ozturk Sarıkaya S B and Bursal E (2009) In vitro
antioxidant activity of silymarin Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and
Medicinal Chemistry 24(2) 395minus405
Kondo K Hirano R Matsumoto A Igarashi O and Itakura H (1996)
Inhibition of LDL oxidation by cocoa Lancet 348 1514
Koneacute WM Atindehou KK Terreaux C Hostettmann K Traoreacute D
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Koppe SW Elias M Moseley RH and Green RM (2009) Trans fat
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Kordali S Cakir A Mavi A Kilic H and Yildirim A (2005) Screening
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Koruk M Savascedil MC Yilmaz O Tayscedil iS Karakok M Guumlndolsquogdu C
and Yilmaz A (2003) Serum lipids lipoproteins and apolipoproteins levels
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Lansky EP Helena M Paavilainena Alison D Pawlus B Robert A
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antioxidants in Fructus lycii Food Chemistry 105 353ndash363
Le PM Benhaddou-Andaloussi A Elimadi A Settaf A Cherrah Y
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Lee GS Yan JS Ng RK Kakar S and Maher JJ (2007)
Polyunsaturated fat in the methionine-choline-deficient diet influences
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Lee JK N and Min DB (2004) Reactive Oxygen Species Aging and
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Dietary carvacrol lowers body weight gain but improves feed conversion in
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Lenhard JM (2007) Gottschalk WK (2002) Preclinical developmentsin
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Li H Wang QJ Zhu DN and Yang Y (2008) Reinioside C a
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Lieber CS Leo MA Mak KM Xu Y Cao Q Ren C
Ponomarenko A and DeCarli LM (2004) Model of nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 79(3) 502ndash509
Lin J Yang R Tarr PT Wu PH Handschin C and Li S (2005)
Hyperlipidemic effects of dietary saturated fats mediated through PGC-1β
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Lindor KD Dickson ER Baldus WP Jorgensen RA Ludwig J
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Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Instructorlsquos Resource Parthlsquos
Pathophysiology Concepts of Altered Health States Seventh edition 2008
Liu C H Hung M T and Huang P C (1995) Source of triacylglycerol
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Liu F and Ng TB (2000) Antioxidative and free radical scavenging
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Liu F Ooi VEC and Chang S T (1997) Free radical scavenging
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Liu L and Meydani M (2002) Combined vitamin C and E
supplementation retards early progression of arteriosclerosis in heart
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Lopez-Avila V L and A and Yefchak G (2009) Use of GC-QTOF MS to
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Lopez-Garcia E Schulze MB Meigs JB Manson JE Rifai N and
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Louchami K Zhang Y Oguzhan B Delporte C Portois L and
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Lyon CJ Law RE and Hsueh WA (2003) Minireview adiposity
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Mabrouk GM Moselhy SS Zohny SF Ali EM Helal TE Amin
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Mahmoud MR El-Abhar HS and Saleh S (2002) The effect of Nigella
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in mice Journal of Ethnopharmacology 79 1ndash11
Makino I Shinozaki K Yoshino K and Nakagawa S (1975)
Dissolution of cholesterol gallstones by long-term administration of
ursodeoxycholic acid Nippon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi 72 690ndash702
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Mallikharjuna PB Rajanna LN Seetharam YN and Sharanabasappa
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Medicinal Plant 4(4) 510-518
Manco M Calvani M and Mingrone G (2004) Effects of dietary fatty
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6 402ndash413
Manian R Anusuya N Siddhuraju P and Manian S (2008) The
antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging potential of two different
solvent extracts of Camellia sinensis (L) O Kuntz Ficus bengalensis L and
Ficus racemosa L Food Chemistry 107 1000ndash1007
Marchand LL Murphy SP Hankin JH Wilkens LR Kolonel LN
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Marchesini G Bugianesi E Forlani G Cerrelli F Lenzi M Manini
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(2003) Nonalcoholic fatty liver steatohepatitis and the metabolic syndrome
Hepatology 37 917ndash 923
Mari M Caballero F Colell A Morales A Caballeria J Fernandez
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Mitochondrial free cholesterol loading sensitizes to TNF and Fas-meidated
steatohepatitis Cell Metabolism 4 185ndash198
Marimuthu P Wu CL Chang HT and Chang ST (2008) Antioxidant
activity of the ethanolic extract from the bark of Chamaecyparis obtuse var
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Mariod AA Ibrahim RM Ismail M and Ismail N (2009) Antioxidant
activity and phenolic content of phenolic rich fractions obtained from black
cumin (Nigella sativa) seedcake Food Chemistry 116 306ndash312
Maron DJ (2004) Flavonoids for reduction of atherosclerotic risk Curr
Atheroscler Rep 6 73-78
Marra F Gastaldelli A Svegliati Baroni G Tell G and Tiribelli C
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Mates JM Perez-Gomez C and Decastro IN (1999) Clin Chem 32
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Matsuzawa N Takamura T Kurita S Misu H Ota T Ando H
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mice fed an atherogenic diet Hepatology 46 1392ndash1403
Matsuzawa Y Shimomura I Nakamura T Keno Y Kotani K and
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Matteoni C Younossi Z Gramlich T Boparai N and Liu Y (1999)
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Matthaei S StumvollM Kellerer M and Haring (2000) Endocr H-U
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Matthew Ricci (2008) NAFLD (Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease) A
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Matthew Cave Ion Deaciuc Christian Mendez Zhenyuan Song Swati
Joshi-Barve Shirish Barve Craig McClain (2007) Nonalcoholic fatty liver
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Biochemistry 18 184ndash 195
Mavrelis PG Ammon HV Gleysteen JJ Komorowski RA and
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morbid obesity Hepatology 3 226ndash231
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edition 588-
590
Mazur A Bayle D Lab C Rock E and Rayssiguier Y (1999)
Inhibitory effect of procyanidin-rich extracts on LDL oxidation in vitro
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McCay PB (1985) Vitamin E Interactions with free radicals and
ascorbate Ann Rev Nutr 5 323-340
McCullough AJ (2004) The clinical features diagnosis and natural history
of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Clinics in Liver Disease 8 521ndash533
McDougall GJ Dobson P Smith P Blake A and Stewart D (2005)
Assessing potential bioavallability of raspberry anthocyanins using an in
vitro digestion system Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53(15)
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Mehta B K Sharma U Pandit V Agrawal S Joshi N and Gupta M
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Meng EC Shoichet BK and Kuntz ID (2004) Automated docking
with grid-based energy evaluation Journal of Computational Chemistry 13
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Merchant JR Bakshi VM and Engineer AB (1979) Chemical
investigation of fruits of Ficus glomerata Roxb Indian J Chem 17B 87ndash88
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Meydani M (2000) Vitamin E and prevention of heart disease in high-risk
patients Nutr Rev 58 278-281
Meyer SA and Kulkarni AP (2001) Hepatotoxicity in Introduction to
biochemical toxicology 3rd
Edition edited by E Hodgson and R C Smart (A
John Wiley amp Sons Inc New York) 487
Mezzetti A Di Ilio C Calafiore AM Aceto A Marzio L Frederici G
and Cuccurullo F (1990) Glutathione peroxidase glutathione reductase and
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Milagro FI Campioacuten J and Martiacutenez JA (2006) Weight gain induced
by high-fat feeding involves increased liver oxidative stress Obesity (Silver
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Miliauskas G Venskutonis PR and Van Beek TA (2004) Screening of
radical scavenging activity of some medicinal and aromatic plant extracts
Food Chemistry 85 231ndash237
Ming M Guanhua L Zhanhai Y Guang C and Xuan Z (2009) Effect
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metabolism and oxidative stress of mice fed high-fat diet in vivo Food
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Misra A Khurana L Vikram NK Goel A and Wasir JS (2007)
Metabolic syndrome in children current issues and South Asian perspective
Nutrition 23(11ndash12)895ndash910
Misra A Misra R Wijesuriya M and Banerjee D (2007) The metabolic
syndrome in south Asians continuing escalation amp possible solutions Indian
J Med Res 125(3)345ndash54
Misra A Vikram NK (2004) Insulin resistance syndrome (metabolic
syndrome) and obesity in Asian Indians Evidence and implications
Nutrition 20482ndash491
Mithra SK Seshadri SJ Venkataranganna MV Gopumadhavan S
Udupa UV and Sarma DNK (2000) Effect of HD-03-a herbal
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Mohan V (2004) Why are Indians more prone to diabetes J Assoc Phys
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Mohan V and Deepa R (2006) Adipocytokines and The expanding Asian
Indian Phenotype J Assoc Physic Ind 54 685-6
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Moon YJ Wang X Morris and ME (2006) Toxicol In Vitro 20 187
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risk factor study Br J Nutr 100 (4) 890ndash895
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Progress in Lipid Research 48 1e26
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relations to insulin resistance and postprandial lipemia in nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis Hepatology 37 909ndash16
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Nakamoto K Takayama F Mankura M Hidaka Y Egashira T and
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model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis J Clin Biochem Nutr 44 239ndash46
Nanji AA (2004b) Another animal model for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
how close to the human condition The American Journal of Clinical
Nutrition 79(3) 350ndash351
Nanji AA (2004a) Animal models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and
steatohepatitis Clinics in Liver Disease 8 (3) 559ndash574 (ix)
Neuhouser ML (2004) Flavonoids and cancer risk evidence from human
population studies Nutr Cancer 50 1-7
Neuschwander-Tetri BA and Caldwell SH (2003) Nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis summary of an AASLD single topic conference Hepatology
371202ndash19
Newman DJ Cragg GM and Snader KM (2000) The influence of
natural products upon drug discovery Nat Prod Rep 17 175-285
Nickavar B Mojab F Javidnia K and Amoli M AR (2003) Chemical
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Clinical Chemistry Chap27 Oxford Press New York 1280-1282
Ninomiya M Shimada M and Harada N (2004) The hydroxyl radical
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Noctor G and Foyer CH (1998) Ascorbate and Glutathione Keeping
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Nsimba R Kikuzaki H and Konishi Y (2008) Antioxidant activity of
various extracts and fractions of Chenopodium quinoa and Amaranthus spp
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Nzowa LK Barboni L Teponno RB Ricciutelli M Lupidi G Luana
Quassinti L Massimo Bramucci M and Tapondjou LA (2010)
Rheediinosides A and B two antiproliferative and antioxidant triterpene
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Ogbonnia S Adekunle AA Bosa MK and Enwuru VN (2008)
Evaluation of acute and subacute toxicity of Alstnia congensis Engler
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705
Oguzhan B Sancho V Acitores A Villanueva-Penacarrillo ML
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Okada Y Shibata S Ikekawa T Javellana AMJ and Kamo O (1987)
Entada saponin-III a saponin isolated from the bark of Entada phaseoloides
Phytochemistry 26 2789ndash2796
Okada Y Shibata S Javellana AMJ and Kamo O (1988) Entada
saponins (ES) II and IV from the bark of Entada phaseoloides Chemical and
Pharmaceutical Bulletin 36 1264ndash1269
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Acta Chromatographica 19 253-269
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Scientific Society Press Tokyo 241-251
Oteiza PI Erlejman AG Verstraeten SV Keen CL and Fraga CG
(2005) Flavonoidndashmembrane interaction a protective role of flavonoids at
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Owen R W Giacosa A Hull W E Haubner R Spiegelhalder B and
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compounds isolated from olive oil European Journal of Cancer 36 1235ndash
1247
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diabetes Science 306457ndash61
Ozturk-Urek R Bozkaya LA and Tarhan L (2001) The effects of some
antioxidant vitamins and trace elements supplemented diets on activities of
SOD CAT GSH-Px and LPO levels in chicken tissues Cell Biochemistry
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peroxynitrite in health and disease Physiol Rev 87 (1) 315ndash424
Pacher P Beckman JS and Liaudet L (2007) Nitric oxide and
peroxynitrite In health and disease Physiological Reviews 87(1) 315ndash424
Paetau I Khachik F Brown ED Beecher GR Kramer TR and
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Pan HZ Zhang H Chang D Li H and Sui H (2008) The change of
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44
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Ayurvedic Herbal Medicine Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratisthan Delhi p316
Park CH Yamabe N Noh JS Kang KS Tanaka T Yokozawa T
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1740
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with Ficus carica extract effect on oxidative stress parameters Acta
Diabetologica 40 3ndash8
Perez-Amador MC Ocotero VM Castaneda JMG and Esquinca
ARG (2007) Alkaloids in Solanum torvum Sw (Solanaceae) International
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Perry G Cash AD Srinivas R and Smith MA (2002) Metals and
oxidative homeostasis in Alzheimerlsquos disease Drug Development and
Research 56 293ndash299
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1042
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Involved in Collagen-Induced Platelet Activation Blood 91 (2) 484-490
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action Diabetologia 47170ndash84
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hypercholesterolemia Molecular Cellular Biochemistry 335 67ndash74
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oxidative damage in rat tissues and its attenuation by dietary sesame oil
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Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2 289-292
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Ficus glomerata Pure and Applied Chemistry 66 2287ndash2290
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antihepatotoxic activity of Kamilari a polyherbal formulation J
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Rajkapoor B Anandan R and Jayakar B (2002) Anti-ulcer effect of
Nigella sativa Linn against gastric ulcers in rats Curr Sci 82 177ndash179
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nutraceutical applications of black cumin (Nigella sativa L) an overview
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(Nigella sativa L) coriander (Coriandrum sativum L) and niger (Guizotia
abyssinica Cass) crude seed oils upon stripping Eur J Lipid Sci Technol
106 35ndash43
Randhawa MA and Al-Ghamdi MS (2002) A review of the
pharmacotherapeutic effects of Nigella sativa Pakistan Journal of Medical
Research 41 77ndash83
Rao BR Murugresan T Sinha S Saha BP Pal M and Mandal SC
(2002) Glucose lowering efficacy of Ficus racemosa barks extract in normal
and alloxan diabetic rats Phytotherapy Research 16 590ndash592
Rao CV Arti R Verma M Vijayakumar S Rastogi (2008)
Gastroprotective effect of standardized extract of Ficus glomerata fruit on
experimental gastric ulcers in rats Journal of Ethnopharmacology 115
323ndash326
Rao KS (2009) Free radical induced oxidative damage to DNA relation to
brain aging and neurological disorders Indian J Biochem Biophys 46 9ndash15
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
Evans C (1999) Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231ndash1237
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
Evans C (1999) Antioxidant activity applying in an improved radical cation
decolorisation assay Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231-1237
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peroxidation ndashBiochemistry measurement and signified in liver cell injury in
toxicology in the liver edited by G L Plea and W R Hewilt (Raven press
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induced response of photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism in higher
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and benzyl adenine and dark- treated graving rice (Oryza sativa) leaves II
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710-723
Reitman S Frankel S (1957) Amer JClin Path 2856
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ed New York Academic
press 6 215-222
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activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids J Free Radic Biol
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Rinella ME Elias MS Smolak RR Fu T Borensztajn J and Green
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methionine choline-deficient diet J Lipid Res 491068ndash76
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Roberts CK Barnard RJ Sindhu RK Jurczak M Ehdaie A and
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and antioxidant enzymes in diet-induced metabolic syndrome Metabolism
55 928ndash934
Robertson G Leclercq I and Farrell GC (2001) Nonalcoholic steatosis
and steatohepatitis II Cytochrome P-450 enzymes and oxidative stress
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Capoccia D Incani M Maglio C Iacovino M OlsquoRahilly S and Baroni
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Antioxidant properties of polyphenol-containing extract from soybean
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Carlos J Pirolab and Silvia Sookoiana (2009) Losartan reduces liver
expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in a high fat-induced
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Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 63(3) 127minus133
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Sagi Y and Youdim MBH (2008) The neuroprotective effect of
ladostigil against hydrogen peroxide-mediated cytotoxicity Chem-Biol
Interact 175 318ndash26
Sahai A Malladi P Melin-Aldana H Green RM and Whitington PF
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antioxidant activities of various solvent extracts of Carissa opaca fruits
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Sairam K Rao ChV Babu MD Kumar V Agarwal VK and Goel
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Samuel VT Liu ZX Qu X Elder BD Bilz S Befroy D Romanelli
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Sanyal AJ (2002) GA technical review on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Gastroenterology 123 1705ndash1725
Sanyal AJ Campbell-Sargent C Mirshahi F Rizzo WB Contos MJ
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Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis association of insulin resistance and
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Antioxidative properties of xanthan on the autoxidation of soybean oil in
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Shimizu MH Araujo M Borges SM De Tolassa EM and Seguro
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Shukla R Gupta S Gambhir JK Prabhu KM and Murthy PS (2004)
Antioxidant effect of aqueous extract of the bark of Ficus bengalensis in
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Phytochemical and antioxidant characterization of Hypericum perforatum
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Singanan V Singana M and Begum H (2007) The hepatoprotective
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Singh M Govindarajan R Nath V Singh RAK and Mehrotra S
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Ethanopharamacology 107 67-72
Singh R Wang Y Schattenberg JM Xiang Y and Czaja MJ (2009)
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Singh SP Nayak S and Swain M (2004) Prevalence of non-alcoholic
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Sirisha N Sreenivasulu M Sangeeta K and Madhusudhana Chetty C
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Smirnoff N Cumbes QJ (1989) Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of
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Solga S Alkhuraishe AR and Clark JM (2004) Dietary composition
and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Dig Dis Sci 491578ndash83
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saponin of yam (Dioscorea spp) on high-cholesterol fed rats Bioscience
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Song BJ Moon KH and Olsson NU (2008) Prevention of alcoholic
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Song Y Manson JE Buring JE Sesso HD and Liu S (2005) J Am
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Sookoian S Castanlsquoo GO Burguenlsquoo AL Gianotti TF Risselli MS
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Spolarics Z and Meyenhofer M (2000) Augmented resistance to oxidative
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curcuminoids Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 49 105ndash107
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Stadlbauer V Fickert P Lackner C Schmerlaib J Krisper P Trauner
M and Stauber RE (2005) Hepatotoxicity of NONI juice Report of two
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Stanner SA Hughes J Kelly CN and Buttriss JA (2004) Review of
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Stickel F and Schuppan D (2007) Herbal medicine in the treatment of
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Med Hypotheses 60 567-572
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Theilmann L (1994) Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on liver and bile duct
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Sudhahar V Kumar SA and Varalakshmi P (2006) Role of lupeol and
lupeol linoleate on lipemicndashoxidative stress in experimental
hypercholesterolemia Life Science 78 1329ndash1335
Sun Q Ma J Campos H Hankinson SE Manson JE and Stampfer
MJ (2007) A prospective study of trans fatty acids in erythrocytes and risk
of coronary heart disease Circulation 115 1858ndash1865
Sun WY Wei W Wu L Gui SY and Wang H (2007) Effects and
mechanisms of extract from Paeonia lactiflora and Astragalus
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Ethanopharmacol 112 514-524
Suntress ZA and Sheck PN (1995) Prevention of lung injury by
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Suresh PS Kumar A Kumar R and Singh VP (2008) An in silico
[correction of insilico] approach to bioremediation laccase as a case study
J Mol Graph Model 26 (5) 845ndash9 doi101016jjmgm200705005
PMID 17606396
Swanr JC and Connor WE (1975) Hypercholesterolemia of total
starvation its mechanism via tissue mobilization of cholesterol
AmJPhysiol 229 365-369
Szczeklik A Gryglewski RJ Domagala B Dworski R and Basista M
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Szeto YT Tomlinson B and Benzie IF (2002) Total antioxidant and
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Tapondjou AL Miyamoto T Mirjolet JF Guilbaud N and Lacaille-
Dubois MA (2005) Pursaethosides AndashE triterpene saponins from Entada
pursaetha Journal of Natural Products 68 1185ndash1190
Targher G Bertolini L Padovani R Poli F Scala L Zenari L
Zoppini G and Falezza G (2006) Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is
associated with carotid artery wall thickness in diet-controlled type 2 diabetic
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Taylor and Francis (2000) Toxicology of the Human Environment - the
critical role of free radicals London
Teli MR James OF Burt AD Bennett MK and Day CP (1995)
The natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver a follow-up study
Hepatology 22 1714ndash1719
Tetri LH Basaranoglu M Brunt EM Yerian LM and Neuschwander-
Tetri BA (2008) Severe NAFLD with hepatic necroinflammatory changes
in mice fed trans fats and a high-fructose corn syrup equivalent Am J
Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 295 G987ndashG995
Thippeswamy NB and Naidu AK (2005) Antioxidant potency of cumin
varieties cumin black cumin and bitter cumin on antioxidant systems Eur
Food Res Technol 220 472ndash476
Tietge UJ Boker KH Bahr MJ Weinberg S Pichlmayr R Schmidt
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patients with cirrhosis and after liver transplantation Hepato-
gastroenterology 45(24) 2255-2260
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Tilak Khanal Jae Ho Choi Yong Pil Hwang Young Chul Chung Hye
Gwang Jeong (2009) Protective effects of saponins from the root of
Platycodon grandiflorum against fatty liver in chronic ethanol feeding via the
activation of AMP-dependent protein kinase Food and Chemical
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Ting LP (1982) Plant physiology Addison Wesley Services in Life
Sciences New York USA
Tiwari O P and Tripathi Y B (2007) Antioxidant properties of different
fractions of Vitex negundo Linn Food Chemistry 100 1170ndash1176
Toledo FGS Sniderman AD and Kelley DE (2006) Influence of
hepatic steatosis (fatty liver) on severity and composition of dyslipidemia in
type 2 diabetes Diabetes Care 29 1845ndash50
Tomomichi Chonan Hiroaki Tanaka Daisuke Yamamoto Miyoko Yashiro
Takahiro Oi Daisuke Wakasugi Ayumi Ohoka-Sugita Fusayo Io Hiroko
Koretsune Akira Hiratate (2010) Design and synthesis of disubstituted (4-
piperidinyl)-piperazine derivatives as potent acetyl-CoA carboxylase
inhibitors Bioorganic amp Medicinal Chemistry Letters 20 3965ndash3968
Townsend KL Lorenzi MM and Widmaier EP (2008) High-fat diet-
induced changes in body mass and hypothalamic gene expression in wild-
type and leptindeficient mice Endocrine 33 176ndash188
Trenam CW Blake DR and Morris CJ (1992) Skin inflammation
reactive Oxygen Species and the role of iron Journal of Investigation
Dermatology 99 675-682
Trinder P (1969) Ann Clin Biochem 6 24
Trivedi CP Shinde S and Sharma RC (1969) Preliminary
phytochemical and pharmacological studies on Ficus racemosa extract
(Gular) Indian J Med Res 57 (6) 1070ndash1074
Tuck KL and Hayball PJ (2002) Major phenolic compounds in olive oil
metabolism and health effects Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 13 636ndash
644
Tundis R Bonesi M Deguin B Loizzo MR Menichini F Conforti F
and Menichini F (2009) Cytotoxic activity and inhibitory effect on nitric
oxide production of triterpene saponins from the roots of Physospermum
verticillatum (Waldst and Kit) (Apiaceae) Bioorganic and Medicinal
Chemistry 17 4542ndash4547
Uchida K (2003) 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal a product and mediator of
oxidative stress Prog Lipid Res 42 318-343
Upadhyay RK Pandey MB Jha RN and Pandey VB (2001)
Eclalbatin triterpine saponins from Eclipta alba J Asian Nat Prod Res 3
213-217
Upasani CD and Balaraman R (2001) Effect of vitamin e vitamin C and
spirulina on the levels of membrane bound enzymes and lipids in some
organs of rats exposed to lead Indian J Pharm 33 185-191
Urmila Thatte (2004) Challenges in clinical research on Herbs Indian
JNat Prod 19 (1) 35-36
Urquiaga I and Leighton F (2000) Plant polyphenol antioxidants and
oxidative stress Biol Res Biol 33(2) 55ndash64
Ur-Rahman A Sohail M Ahmed S Iqbal Choudhary M and Ur-
Rahman H (1985) Heterocycles 23 953ndash955
Valko M Leibfritz D Moncol J Cronin MT Mazur M and Telser J
(2007) Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and
human disease International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology 39
44ndash84
Valko M Rhodes CJ Moncol J Izakovic M and Mazur M (2006)
Free radicals metals and antioxidants in oxidative stress-induced cancer
Chem-Biol Interact 10 1ndash40
Van den Berg R Haenen GRMM Van den Berg H and Bast A
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high-fat dietndashinduced dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress A microarray
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ginseng prevents the onset of high-fat diet induced hyperglycemia and
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Zhao B (2009) Natural antioxidants protect neurons in Alzheimerlsquos disease
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241
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AM Nardo B Principe A Viola A Trevisani F Altomare E
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Chemistry 21 3336ndash3347
Ekstedt M Franzeacuten LE Mathiesen UL Thorelius L Holmqvist M
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ethanol-inducible cytochrome P-450 (P-450 IIE1) Biochem Pharmacol 38
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El-Dakhakhny M Mady NI and Halim M (2000) Nigella sativa L oil
protects against induced hepatotoxicity and improves serum lipid profile in
rats Arzneimittelforschung 50 832ndash836
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and after weight loss in morbidly obese subjects with nonalcoholic fatty
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Enriquez A Leclercq I Farrell GC and Robertson G (1999) Altered
expression of hepatic CYP2E1 and CYP4A in obese diabetic obob mice
and fafa Zucker rats Biochim Biophys Res Commun 255 300ndash 6
Esterbauer H Schaur RJ and Zollner H (1991) Chemistry and
biochemistry of 4-hydroxynonenal malonaldehyde and related aldehydes
Free Radical Biology amp Medicine 11 (1) 81ndash128
Evans P and Halliwell B (1999) Free radicals and hearing Cause
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Fang YZ Yang S and Wu G (2002) Free radicals antioxidants and
nutrition Nutrition 18 872-879
Fardet A Llorach R Martin JF Besson C Lyan B Pujos-Guillot E
and Scalbert A (2008) Aliquid chromatographyndashquadrupole time-of-flight
(LCndashQTOF)-based metabolomic approach reveals new metabolic effects of
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Farrel GC Larter CZ (2006) Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease from
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Feig M Onufriev A Lee MS Im W Case DA and Brooks CL
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in the calculation of electrostatic solvation energies for protein structures
Journal of Computational Chemistry 25 (2) 265ndash84 doi101002jcc10378
PMID 14648625
Feldstein AEWerneburg NW Canbay A Guicciardi ME Bronk
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promote hepatic lipotoxicity by stimulating TNF-alpha expression via a
lysosomal pathway Hepatology 40 185ndash194
Ferannini E Natalie A and Bell P (1997)Insulin resistance and
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Foyer CH and Halliwell B (1976) The presence of glutathione activation
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Fraga C Leibovitz B and Tappel A (1987a) Halogenated compounds as
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Medicine 3 119-123
Francis G Kerem Z Makkar HPS and Becker K (2002) The
biological action of saponins in animal systems a review British Journal of
Nutrition 88 587ndash605
Frei B and Higdon JV (2003) Antioxidant activity of tea polyphenols in
vivo evidence from animal studies J Nutr 133 3275Sndash84S
Fromenty B Robin MA Igoudjil A Mansouri A and Pessayre D
(2004) The ins and outs of mitochondrial dysfunction in NASH Diabetes amp
Metabolism 30 121ndash138
Fruhwirth GO Loidl A and Hermetter A (2007) Oxidized
phospholipids From molecular properties to disease Biochem Biophys
Acta 1772 718-736
Fryer MJ (1992) The antioxidant effects of thyla Vit E Plant cell Environ
15 381
Gaetani G Ferraris A and Rolfo M (1996) Predominant role of catalase
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Ganapathy S (2004) Emerging strategy in the study of natural products
Indian Journal of
Germano MP Sanogo R Costa C Fulco R Ando DV Torrel EA
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Giovanelli G and Pagliarini E (2009) Antioxidant composition of tomato
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Girish S Achliya Sudhir Wadodkar G Avinash and Dorle K (2004)
Evaluation of hepatoprotective effect of Amalkadi Ghrita against CCl4
induced hepatic damage in rats J Ethanopharmacology 90 229-232
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adipocytes and vascular function J Clin Endocrinol Metab 892563ndash2568
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Goris AH and Westerterp KR (2008) Physical activity fat intake and
body fat Physiol Behav 94 164ndash8
Grattagliano I Caraceni P Calamita G Ferri D Gargano I Palasciano
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and oxidative stress in rats Eur J Clin Invest 38 523-530
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Liver 40th
di Elsevier 1858
Green RM and Flamm S (2002) AGA Technical review of evaluation of
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Grusak MA (2002) Phytochemicals in plants genomics-assisted plant
improvement for nutritional and health benefits Curr Opin Biotechnol 13
508ndash511
Guumllccedilin I Mshvildadze V Gepdiremen A and Elias R (2004)
Antioxidant activity of saponins isolated from ivy a-hederin hederasaponin-
C hederacolchiside-E and hederacolchiside-F Planta Medica 70 561ndash563
Guumllccedilin I Mshvildadze VA Gepdiremen A and Elias R (2006) The
antioxidant activity of a triterpenoid glycoside isolated from the berries of
Hedera colchica 3-O-(b-D-glucopyranosyl)-hederagenin Phytotherapy
Research 20 130ndash134
Gulcin Buyukokuroglu ME Oktay M and Kufrevioglu O (2003)
Antioxidant and analgesic activities of turpentine of Pinus nigra Arn Subsp
Pallsiana (Lamb) Holmboe J Ethanopharm 86 51-58
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activities of peel pulp and seed fractions of common fruits as determined by
FRAP assay Nutrition Research 23 1719ndash1726
Gupta R and Misra A (2007) Type 2 diabetes in India regional
disparities Br J Diab Vasc Dis 7(1)12ndash6
Gurumoorthy V Hindu Jan-23rd 2011
Guzik TJ Korbut R and Adamek-Guzik T (2003) Nitric oxide and
superoxide in inflammation and immune regulation Journal of Physiology
and Pharmacology 54 (4) 469-487
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action of medicinal herbs from Ghana Thonningia sanguine on
experimentally induced liver injuries General Pharmacol 32 661-667
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Haddad M Miyamoto T Laurens V and Lacaille-Dubois MA (2003)
Two new biologically active triterpenoidal saponins acylated with salicylic
acid from Albizia adianthifolia Journal of Natural Products 66 372ndash377
Haddad Y Vallerand D Brault A and Haddad PS (2009) Antioxidant
and hepatoprotective effects of silibinin in a rat model of nonalcoholic
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biochemistry and role in human disease American Journal of Medicine
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Halliwell B (1993) The role of oxygen radicals in human disease with
particular reference to the vascular system Haemostasis 23 Suppl 1 118-
126
Halliwell B (1994) Free radicals antioxidants and human disease
curiosity cause or consequence Lancet 344 721ndash724
Halliwell B (1996) Antioxidants in human health and disease Annual
Review of Nutrition 16 33-50
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to the end (of the beginning) Free Radical Research 31 261-272
Halliwell B (2000) Why and how should we measure oxidative DNA
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Halliwell B (2001) Role of free radicals in the neurodegenerative diseases
therapeutic implications for antioxidant treatment Drugs Aging 18 685-
716
Halliwell B (2002) Effect of diet on cancer development is oxidative DNA
damage a biomarker Free Radic Biol Med 32 968-974
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fundamental theme of aerobic life Plant Physiol 141 312-322
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antioxidants in biological systems Free Radical Biol Med 18 125ndash126
Halliwell B and Gutteridge JMC (1999) Free Radicals in Biology and
Medicine Oxford Oxford University Press 347ndash352
Halliwell B Aeschbach R Loliger J and Aruoma OI (1995) The
characterization of antioxidant Food Chem Toxicol 33 601-617
Halliwell B Gutteridge JM and Cross CE (1992) Free radicals
antioxidants and human disease where are we now J Lab Clin Med 119
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Halliwell B Gutteridge MC and Aruoma OI (1987) The deoxyribose
method a simple test tube assay for determination of rate constants for
reactions of hydroxyl radicals Analytical Biochemistry 165 215ndash219
Hamed and Manal A (2011) Beneficial effect of Ficus religiosa Linn on
high-fat-diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in rats Food Chemistry 129
162ndash170
Handa SS Sharma A and Charaborti KK (1986) Natural products and
plants as lives protecting drugs Fitoterpia 57 307-45
Hansson A Zelada JC and Noriega HP (2005) Revaluations of risks
with the use of Ficus insipid latex as a traditional anthelmintic remedy in the
Amazon Journal of Ethnopharmacology 98 251ndash257
Harada N Oda Z Hara Y Fujinami K Okawa M Ohbuchi K
Yonemoto M Ikeda Y Ohwaki K Aragane K Tamai Y Kusunoki
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Harborne JB (1973) Phytochemical methods Chapman and Hall New
York 1-226
Harbrone JBC (1973) Phytochemical methods Chapman and Hall
London 279
Harrison P Degen SJ Williams R and Farzaneh F (1994) Hepatic
expression on hepatocyte-growth-factor-likemacrophage-stimulating protein
mRNA in fulminant hepatic failure Lancet 344 27ndash29
Harvey AL (2008) Drug Discov Today 13 894e901
Harwood H J Jr Petras SF Shelly LD Zaccaro LM Perry DA
Makowski MR Hargrove DM Martin KA Tracey WR Chapman
JG Magee WP Dalvie DK Soliman VF Martin WH Mularski CJ
and Eisenbeis SA (2003) J Biol Chem 278 37099
Harwood H J Jr (2004) Acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibition for the
treatment of metabolic syndrome Curr Opin Investig Drugs 5 283ndash289
Harwood HJ Jr Exp Opin Cardiovasc Renal (2005) 9 267
Hassan II Askar AA Gehan A EL-Shourbagy A (2004) Influence of
some medicinal plants on performances physiological and meat quality traits
of broiler chicks Egypt Poult Sci 24 247ndash266
Hausner EA Schlingmann KL Chen HW Gillies PJ Kieras CJ
Ross PE and Van Pelt CS (1995) Hepatic and adrenal changes in rabbits
associated with hyperlipidemia caused by a semi-synthetic diet Laboratory
Animal Science 45 663ndash670
Hawkins CL Brown BE and Davies MJ (2001) Hypochlorite- and
hypobromite-mediated radical formation and its role in cell lysis Arch
Biochem Biophys 395 137-145
Haynes P Liangpunsakul S and Chalasani N (2004) Nonalcoholic fatty
liver disease in individuals with severe obesity Clin Liver dis 8 535-547
Hebbel RP Leung A and Mohandas N (1990) Oxidation-induced
changes in microheological properties of the red cell membrane 76 1015-
1022
Hedge JE and Hofreiter BT (1962) Detremination of reducing sugars
Methods in Carbohydrate chemistry ML Academic Press New York 1
388-389
Hedge K Joshi AB (2009) Hepatoprotective effect of Carissa carandus
Linn root extract against CCl4 and paracetamol induced hepatic oxidative
stress Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 47 660-667
Heibatollah S Reza NM Izadpanah G and Sohailla S (2008)
Hepatoprotective effect of Cichorium intybus on CCl4 induced liver damage
in rats African Journal of Biochemistry 2(6) 141-144
Helader L M Alakomi H-L Latva-Kala K Mattila- Sandholm T Pol
I Smid E J Gorris L G and Von Wright A (1998) J Agric Food
Chem46 3590
Heuman DM Pandak WM Hylemon PB and Vlahzevic ZR (1991)
Conjugates of ursodeoxycholate protect against cytotoxicity of more
hydrophobic bile salts Hepatology 14 920ndash926
Higuchi N Kato M and Shundo Y (2008) LiverXreceptor in cooperation
with SREBP-1c is a major lipid synthesis regulator in nonalcoholic fatty
liver disease Hepatol Res 38(11) 1122ndash9
Hileman EO Liu J Albitar M Keating MJ and Huang P (2004)
Intrinsic oxidative stress in cancer cells a biochemical basis for therapeutic
selectivity Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 53 209ndash19
Hillwell B (1994) Free radicals antioxidants and human disease Curiosity
cause or constipation Lancet 344 721-724
Hirabara SM Silveira LR Abdulkader F Carvalho CR Procopio J
and Curi R (2007) Time-dependent effects of fatty acids on skeletal muscle
metabolism J Cell Physiol 210 7ndash15
Ho Y Magnenat J Gargano M and Cao J (1998) Env Health Perspect
106 1219-1228
Hodgson EK and Fridovich I (1975) The interaction of bovine
erythrocyte superoxide dismutase with hydrogen peroxide
chemiluminescence and peroxidation Biochemistry 14 5299ndash5303
Holley AE and Cheeseman KH (1993) Measuring free radical reactions
in vivo British Medical Bulletin 49 494ndash505
Horn WT and Menaham LA (1981) A sensitive method for the
determination of free fatty acids in plasma J Lipid Res 22 377-381
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proteins activators of cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis Curr Opin
Lipidol 10 143ndash50
Houghton P J Zarka R Heras B and Hoult JRS (1995) Fixed oil of
Nigella sativa and derived thymoquinone inhibit eicosanoid generation in
leukocytes and membrane lipid peroxidation Planta Med 61 33-36
Houstis N Rosen ED Lander ES (2006) Reactive oxygen species have
a causal role in multiple forms of insulin resistance Nature 440944ndash8
httpclinicaltrialsgovct2showNCT00065676intrfrac1422quercetin
22amprankfrac145 (accessed 170609)
Hu C and Kitts DD (2005) Dendelion (Taraxacum officinale) flower
extract suppresses both reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide and prevents
lipid oxidation in vitro Phytomedicine 12 588ndash597
Huang D Ou B and Prior RL (2005) The chemistry behind antioxidant
capacity assays Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53(6)
1841minus1856
Inzucchi SE (2002) Oral antihyperglycemic therapy for type 2 diabetes
scientific review Journal of American Medical Association 287 360ndash372
Iovin Nicole M Seema Pursnani Voldman A Wasserman G Blaser
MJ and Weinrauch Y (2008) Reactive nitrogen species contribute to
innate host defense against Camoylobacter jjuni Infection and Immunity
76(3) 986-93
Ismail M Ghanya Al-Naqeep Kim Wei Chan (2010) Nigella sativa
thymoquinone-rich fraction greatly improves plasma antioxidant capacity
and expression of antioxidant genes in hypercholesterolemic rats Free
Radical Biology amp Medicine 48 664ndash672
Itagaki S Kurokawa T Nakata C Saito Y Oikawa S Kobayashi T
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ferulic acid a comparative study with other natural oxidation inhibitors
Food Chem 114 466ndash471
Jacob RA (1995) The integrated antioxidant system Nutrition Research
15 755-766
Jain S Dixit Malviya N and Ambawata V (2009) Antioxidant and
Hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic and aqueous extract of Amorphallus
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6(4) 423-428
Jakoby WB and Habig WH (1998) Glutathione transferases In Jakoby
WB (ed) Enzymatic Basis of Detoxification Academic press New York
63-94
James O and Day C (1999) Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis another disease
of affluence Lancet 353 (9165) 1634ndash1636
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Momordica charantia powder on serum glucose levels and various lipid
parameters in rats fed with cholesterol-free and cholesterolenriched diets
Journal of Ethnopharmacology 72(1-2)331-336
Jendrassik L and Grof P (1938) Biochem 2297 81
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cancers of the alimentary tract Mutation Research 551(1ndash2) 9minus28
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phosphat dehydrogenase and the red cell Adv Exp Med Biol 500 595-605
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streptozotocin diabetes on some urea cycle enzyme Biochem BiophysRes
Commun 106 37-43
Joven J Rull A Ferreacute N Escolagrave-Gil JC Marsillach J Coll B
Alonso-Villaverde C Aragones G Claria J and Camps J (2007) The
results in rodent models of atherosclerosis are not interchangeable the
influence of diet and strain Atherosclerosis 195 e85ndashe92
Juntachote T and Berghofer E (2005) Antioxidative properties and
stability of ethanolic extracts of Holy basil and Galangal Food Chem 92
193ndash202
Juurlink BH and Paterson PG (1998) Review of oxidative stress in brain
and spinal cord injury suggestions for pharmacological and nutritional
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Kiyoshi Mizuguchi (2009) Suppression of hepatic fat accumulation by
highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid prevents the progression of D-
galactosamine-induced hepatitis in mice fed with a high-fathigh-sucrose
diet Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1791 281ndash288
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BiochemBiophys 21 130- 132
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proliferators-activated receptors in the pathogenesis and treatment of
nonalcoholic fatty liver disease World J Gastroenterol 1422ndash8
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properties of tocopherols and tocotrienols Lipids 31 671-701
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Kantartzis K Peter A Machicao F Machann J Wagner S
Koumlnigsrainer I Koumlnigsrainer A Schick F Fritsche A Haumlring HU
and Stefan N (2009) Diabetes 58 2616ndash2623
Kappus H (1991) Lipid peroxidation-mechanism and biological relevance
In O I Aruoma amp B Halliwell (Eds) Free radicals and food additives (pp
59ndash75) London UK Taylor and Francis Press
Karan M Vasisht K and Handa SS (1999) Antihepatotoxic activity of
Swrtia chirata on paracetamol and galactosamine induced hepatotoxicity in
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55 2824ndash8
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Kumaryasava on CCl4 induced hepatic damage in rats Indian Journal of
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Katina K Arendt E Liukkonen KH Autio K Flander L and Poutanen
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Science and Technology 16 104ndash112
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Free Radical Research 24 199ndash204
Kaufmann (1999) National products of high pharmacological potency
Biochem pharmacol 32 1141-1148
Kechagias S Ernersson A Dahlqvist O Lundberg P Lindstrom T and
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and profound elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase in healthy
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Khan MS Nema N Kharya MD and Khanam S (2009)
Chromatographic estimation of maturity based phytochemical profiling of
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Khan N and Sultana ST (2005) Chemomodulatory effect of Ficus
racemosa extract against chemically induced renal carcinogenesis and
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Kim YS Bahn KN Hah CK Gang HI and Ha YL (2008)
Inhibition of 712-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene induced mouse skin
carcinogenesis by Artemisia capillaries J Food Sci 73 T16ndash20
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(SP) prevents the onset of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in Zucker
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Nature reviews Drug discovery 3(11) 935ndash49 doi101038nrd1549
PMID 15520816
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Krishnamoorthy V Divianathan S Subramanian B and Shanmugam M
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Lansky EP Helena M Paavilainena Alison D Pawlus B Robert A
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Le K Chiu F and Ng K (2007) Identification and quantification of
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Le PM Benhaddou-Andaloussi A Elimadi A Settaf A Cherrah Y
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Lee GS Yan JS Ng RK Kakar S and Maher JJ (2007)
Polyunsaturated fat in the methionine-choline-deficient diet influences
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Lee JK N and Min DB (2004) Reactive Oxygen Species Aging and
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Lee KS Buck M Houglum K and Chojkier M (1995) Activation of
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Lee KW Everts H Kappert HJ Yeom KH and Beynen AC (2003)
Dietary carvacrol lowers body weight gain but improves feed conversion in
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Lenhard JM (2007) Gottschalk WK (2002) Preclinical developmentsin
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Li H Wang QJ Zhu DN and Yang Y (2008) Reinioside C a
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Lieber CS Leo MA Mak KM Xu Y Cao Q Ren C
Ponomarenko A and DeCarli LM (2004) Model of nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 79(3) 502ndash509
Lin J Yang R Tarr PT Wu PH Handschin C and Li S (2005)
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Lindor KD Dickson ER Baldus WP Jorgensen RA Ludwig J
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Lindor KD Kodley KV Heathcote EJ Harrison ME Jorgensen R and
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Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Instructorlsquos Resource Parthlsquos
Pathophysiology Concepts of Altered Health States Seventh edition 2008
Liu C H Hung M T and Huang P C (1995) Source of triacylglycerol
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Liu F and Ng TB (2000) Antioxidative and free radical scavenging
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Liu L and Meydani M (2002) Combined vitamin C and E
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Lizardi-Cervera J and Aquilar-Zapata D (2009) Nonalcoholic fatty liver
disease and its association with cardiovascular disease 8 S40ndashS43
Lopez-Avila V L and A and Yefchak G (2009) Use of GC-QTOF MS to
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Lopez-Garcia E Schulze MB Meigs JB Manson JE Rifai N and
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Louchami K Zhang Y Oguzhan B Delporte C Portois L and
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Ludwig J Viggiano TR McGill DB and Ott BJ (1980) Non-alcoholic
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Lugasi A Dworschak E Blazovics A and Kery A (1998) Antioxidant
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Lyon CJ Law RE and Hsueh WA (2003) Minireview adiposity
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Mabrouk GM Moselhy SS Zohny SF Ali EM Helal TE Amin
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Madan MP Raghavan G Singh AK and Palpu P (2005) Free radical
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Mahendran P and Devi CSS (2001) The modulating effect of Garicinia
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Mahmoud MR El-Abhar HS and Saleh S (2002) The effect of Nigella
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Makino I Shinozaki K Yoshino K and Nakagawa S (1975)
Dissolution of cholesterol gallstones by long-term administration of
ursodeoxycholic acid Nippon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi 72 690ndash702
Malik EP Singh MB (1980) Plant Enzymology and Hittoenzymology
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Mallikharjuna PB Rajanna LN Seetharam YN and Sharanabasappa
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Medicinal Plant 4(4) 510-518
Manco M Calvani M and Mingrone G (2004) Effects of dietary fatty
acids on insulin sensitivity and secretion Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism
6 402ndash413
Manian R Anusuya N Siddhuraju P and Manian S (2008) The
antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging potential of two different
solvent extracts of Camellia sinensis (L) O Kuntz Ficus bengalensis L and
Ficus racemosa L Food Chemistry 107 1000ndash1007
Marchand LL Murphy SP Hankin JH Wilkens LR Kolonel LN
(2000) J Natl Cancer Inst 92 154
Marchesini G Bugianesi E Forlani G Cerrelli F Lenzi M Manini
R Natale S Vanni E Villanova N Melchionda N and Rizzetto M
(2003) Nonalcoholic fatty liver steatohepatitis and the metabolic syndrome
Hepatology 37 917ndash 923
Mari M Caballero F Colell A Morales A Caballeria J Fernandez
A Enrich C Fernandez-Checa JC and Garcia-Ruiz C (2006)
Mitochondrial free cholesterol loading sensitizes to TNF and Fas-meidated
steatohepatitis Cell Metabolism 4 185ndash198
Marimuthu P Wu CL Chang HT and Chang ST (2008) Antioxidant
activity of the ethanolic extract from the bark of Chamaecyparis obtuse var
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Mariod AA Ibrahim RM Ismail M and Ismail N (2009) Antioxidant
activity and phenolic content of phenolic rich fractions obtained from black
cumin (Nigella sativa) seedcake Food Chemistry 116 306ndash312
Maron DJ (2004) Flavonoids for reduction of atherosclerotic risk Curr
Atheroscler Rep 6 73-78
Marra F Gastaldelli A Svegliati Baroni G Tell G and Tiribelli C
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steatohepatitis Trends Mol Med 14 72ndash81
Mason JS Morize I Menard PR Cheney DL Hulme C and
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Mates JM Perez-Gomez C and Decastro IN (1999) Clin Chem 32
595-603
Matsuzawa N Takamura T Kurita S Misu H Ota T Ando H
Yokoyama M Honda M Zen Y Nakanuma Y Miyamoto K and
Kaneko S (2007) Lipid-induced oxidative stress causes steatohepatitis in
mice fed an atherogenic diet Hepatology 46 1392ndash1403
Matsuzawa Y Shimomura I Nakamura T Keno Y Kotani K and
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obesity Obes Res 3 187Sndash194S
Matteoni C Younossi Z Gramlich T Boparai N and Liu Y (1999)
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease a spectrum of clinical and pathological
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Matthaei S StumvollM Kellerer M and Haring (2000) Endocr H-U
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Matthew Ricci (2008) NAFLD (Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease) A
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Matthew Cave Ion Deaciuc Christian Mendez Zhenyuan Song Swati
Joshi-Barve Shirish Barve Craig McClain (2007) Nonalcoholic fatty liver
disease predisposing factors and the role of nutrition Journal of Nutritional
Biochemistry 18 184ndash 195
Mavrelis PG Ammon HV Gleysteen JJ Komorowski RA and
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Mayes AP (1993) Structure and function of the lipid soluble vitamins In
Murray KR Graner KD Mayes AP and Rodwell WV Harperlsquos
Biochemistry Chap 53 Prentice-Hall International Inc 23rd
edition 588-
590
Mazur A Bayle D Lab C Rock E and Rayssiguier Y (1999)
Inhibitory effect of procyanidin-rich extracts on LDL oxidation in vitro
Atherosclerosis 145 421ndash422
McCay PB (1985) Vitamin E Interactions with free radicals and
ascorbate Ann Rev Nutr 5 323-340
McCullough AJ (2004) The clinical features diagnosis and natural history
of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Clinics in Liver Disease 8 521ndash533
McDougall GJ Dobson P Smith P Blake A and Stewart D (2005)
Assessing potential bioavallability of raspberry anthocyanins using an in
vitro digestion system Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53(15)
5896minus5904
Mehta B K Sharma U Pandit V Agrawal S Joshi N and Gupta M
(2008) Med Chem Res 17 462ndash473
Meng EC Shoichet BK and Kuntz ID (2004) Automated docking
with grid-based energy evaluation Journal of Computational Chemistry 13
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Merchant JR Bakshi VM and Engineer AB (1979) Chemical
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Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 3(4) 3609-3616
Meydani M (2000) Vitamin E and prevention of heart disease in high-risk
patients Nutr Rev 58 278-281
Meyer SA and Kulkarni AP (2001) Hepatotoxicity in Introduction to
biochemical toxicology 3rd
Edition edited by E Hodgson and R C Smart (A
John Wiley amp Sons Inc New York) 487
Mezzetti A Di Ilio C Calafiore AM Aceto A Marzio L Frederici G
and Cuccurullo F (1990) Glutathione peroxidase glutathione reductase and
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Michael Metz (2005) Liver function tests IMVS News letter 57
Michalak A (2006) Phenolic compounds and their antioxidant activity in
plants growing under heavy metal stress Polish J Environ Studies 15(4)
523-530
Milagro FI Campioacuten J and Martiacutenez JA (2006) Weight gain induced
by high-fat feeding involves increased liver oxidative stress Obesity (Silver
Spring) 14 1118ndash1123
Miliauskas G Venskutonis PR and Van Beek TA (2004) Screening of
radical scavenging activity of some medicinal and aromatic plant extracts
Food Chemistry 85 231ndash237
Ming M Guanhua L Zhanhai Y Guang C and Xuan Z (2009) Effect
of the Lycium barbarum polysaccharides administration on blood lipid
metabolism and oxidative stress of mice fed high-fat diet in vivo Food
Chemistry 113 872ndash877
Misra A Khurana L Vikram NK Goel A and Wasir JS (2007)
Metabolic syndrome in children current issues and South Asian perspective
Nutrition 23(11ndash12)895ndash910
Misra A Misra R Wijesuriya M and Banerjee D (2007) The metabolic
syndrome in south Asians continuing escalation amp possible solutions Indian
J Med Res 125(3)345ndash54
Misra A Vikram NK (2004) Insulin resistance syndrome (metabolic
syndrome) and obesity in Asian Indians Evidence and implications
Nutrition 20482ndash491
Mithra SK Seshadri SJ Venkataranganna MV Gopumadhavan S
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formulation in galactosamine induced hepatopathy in rats Indian J Physiol
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Mucuna pruriens Linn And formation containing Mpruriens by HPTLC
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mushroom against rat liver oxidative damage and fibrosis induced by CCL4
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Mohan V (2004) Why are Indians more prone to diabetes J Assoc Phys
India 52468ndash474
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antioxidant vitamins and trace elements supplemented diets on activities of
SOD CAT GSH-Px and LPO levels in chicken tissues Cell Biochemistry
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peroxynitrite in health and disease Physiol Rev 87 (1) 315ndash424
Pacher P Beckman JS and Liaudet L (2007) Nitric oxide and
peroxynitrite In health and disease Physiological Reviews 87(1) 315ndash424
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Pan HZ Zhang H Chang D Li H and Sui H (2008) The change of
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Perez-Amador MC Ocotero VM Castaneda JMG and Esquinca
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Perry G Cash AD Srinivas R and Smith MA (2002) Metals and
oxidative homeostasis in Alzheimerlsquos disease Drug Development and
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action Diabetologia 47170ndash84
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Prasad K (2010) Effects of vitamin E on serum enzymes and electrolytes in
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oxidative damage in rat tissues and its attenuation by dietary sesame oil
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Rahman NN Khan M and Hasan R (1994) Bioactive components from
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Rajkapoor B Anandan R and Jayakar B (2002) Anti-ulcer effect of
Nigella sativa Linn against gastric ulcers in rats Curr Sci 82 177ndash179
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nutraceutical applications of black cumin (Nigella sativa L) an overview
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Ramadan MF and Moumlrsel JT (2004) Oxidative stability of black cumin
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Randhawa MA and Al-Ghamdi MS (2002) A review of the
pharmacotherapeutic effects of Nigella sativa Pakistan Journal of Medical
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Rao BR Murugresan T Sinha S Saha BP Pal M and Mandal SC
(2002) Glucose lowering efficacy of Ficus racemosa barks extract in normal
and alloxan diabetic rats Phytotherapy Research 16 590ndash592
Rao CV Arti R Verma M Vijayakumar S Rastogi (2008)
Gastroprotective effect of standardized extract of Ficus glomerata fruit on
experimental gastric ulcers in rats Journal of Ethnopharmacology 115
323ndash326
Rao KS (2009) Free radical induced oxidative damage to DNA relation to
brain aging and neurological disorders Indian J Biochem Biophys 46 9ndash15
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
Evans C (1999) Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231ndash1237
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
Evans C (1999) Antioxidant activity applying in an improved radical cation
decolorisation assay Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231-1237
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Reitman S Frankel S (1957) Amer JClin Path 2856
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ed New York Academic
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Rice-Evans CA Miller NJ and Paganga G (1996) Structurendashantioxidant
activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids J Free Radic Biol
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Rinella ME Elias MS Smolak RR Fu T Borensztajn J and Green
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Roberts CK Barnard RJ Sindhu RK Jurczak M Ehdaie A and
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and antioxidant enzymes in diet-induced metabolic syndrome Metabolism
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Robertson G Leclercq I and Farrell GC (2001) Nonalcoholic steatosis
and steatohepatitis II Cytochrome P-450 enzymes and oxidative stress
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(5) G1135ndashG1139
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Romeo S Sentinelli F Dash S Yeo GS Savage DB Leonetti F
Capoccia D Incani M Maglio C Iacovino M OlsquoRahilly S and Baroni
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Romero AM Mirtha MD Sturia MA and Judis MA (2004)
Antioxidant properties of polyphenol-containing extract from soybean
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820
Rosenberg HR (1992) Chemistry and Physiology of the citamins Inter
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Rosselli MS Adriana L Burgue˜nob Julieta Carabelli Mariano Schumanb
Carlos J Pirolab and Silvia Sookoiana (2009) Losartan reduces liver
expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in a high fat-induced
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protective effect of Calotropis procera against alloxan-induced diabetics in
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Ryan L OConnell O OSullivan L Aherne SA and OBrien NM
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Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 63(3) 127minus133
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Sagi Y and Youdim MBH (2008) The neuroprotective effect of
ladostigil against hydrogen peroxide-mediated cytotoxicity Chem-Biol
Interact 175 318ndash26
Sahai A Malladi P Melin-Aldana H Green RM and Whitington PF
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development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in a dietary murine model Am
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Sahreen S Rashid Khan M and Ali Khan R (2010) Evaluation of
antioxidant activities of various solvent extracts of Carissa opaca fruits
Food Chemistry 122 1205ndash1211
Sairam K Rao ChV Babu MD Kumar V Agarwal VK and Goel
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Samuel VT Liu ZX Qu X Elder BD Bilz S Befroy D Romanelli
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Sanyal AJ (2001) Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease a medical consequence
of globalisation Indian JGastroenterol 20 215-216
Sanyal AJ (2002) GA technical review on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Gastroenterology 123 1705ndash1725
Sanyal AJ Campbell-Sargent C Mirshahi F Rizzo WB Contos MJ
Sterling RK Luketic VA Shiffman ML and Clore JN (2001)
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis association of insulin resistance and
mitochondrial abnormalities Gastroenterology 120 (5) 1183ndash1192
Sarabu R and Tilley J (2005) Annu Rep Med Chem 40 167e181
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Sasaki YF Kawaguchi S KamayaA OhshitaM Kabasawa K and
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Satheesh AM and Pari L (2004) Antioxidant effect of Boerhavia diffusa
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Sauberlich HE (1999) Laboratory tests for the assessment of nutritional
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Ed CRC press Boca RatonFL
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Schaalan M El-Abhar HS Barakat M and El-Denshary ES (2008)
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and adipocyte hormones and their modulation by rosiglitazone and
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Scherer R and Godoy HT (2009) Antioxidant activity index (AAI) by the
22- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method Food Chemistry 112 654ndash658
Schrauwen P (2007) High-fat diet muscular lipotoxicity and insulin
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Scott MD Lubin BH Zuo L and Kuypers FA (1991) Erythrocyte
defence against hydrogen peroxide Preeminent importance of catalase J
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Sen CK (1995) Oxygen toxicity and antioxidants state of the art Int J
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Sen CK (2003) The general case for redox control of wound repair
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Seth and Bhawana Sharma (2004) Medicinal plants in India Commentary
Indian J Med Res 120 9-11
Sgro C and Escousse A (1991) Side effects of fibrates (except liver and
muscle) Therapie 46 351ndash354
Sharma SK and Gupta VK (2008) PHCOG MAGRearch article In vitro
antioxidant studies of Ficus Racemosa Linnroot 13 (4) 70-74
Sharma P and Dubey RSH (2005) Drought induces stress and enhances
the activities of antioxidant enzymes in growing rice seedlings Plant Growth
hybrid mean were Regul 46 209-221
Shenoy KA Somayaji SN and Bairy KL (2001) Hepatoprotective
effects of Ginkgo biloba against CCl4 induced hepatic injury in rats Ind J
Pharamacol 33 260-266
Shigeoka S Ishikawa T Tamoi M Miyagawa Y Takeda T Yabuta
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peroxidise isoenzymes J Exp Bot 53(372) 1305-1319
Shimada K Fujikawa K Yahara K and Nakamura T (1992)
Antioxidative properties of xanthan on the autoxidation of soybean oil in
cyclodextrin emulsion J Agric Food Chem 40 945ndash948
Shimano H (2009) SREBPs physiology and pathophysiology of the
SREBP family FEBS J 276616ndash621
Shimizu MH Araujo M Borges SM De Tolassa EM and Seguro
AC (2004) Influence of age and vitamin E on post-ischemic acute renal
failure Exp Gerontol 39 825-830
Shoelson SE Lee J and Goldfine AB (2006) Inflammation and insulin
resistance J Clin Invest 116 1793ndash1801
Shukla R Gupta S Gambhir JK Prabhu KM and Murthy PS (2004)
Antioxidant effect of aqueous extract of the bark of Ficus bengalensis in
hypercholesterolaemic rabbits Journal of Ethnopharmacology 92 47ndash51
Sido B Hack V and Hochlehner A (1998) Impairment of intestinal
glutathione synthesis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease [J] Int J
Gastroenterol Hepatol 42(4) 485-492
Sies H (1997) Oxidative stress oxidants and antioxidants Exp Physiol
82 291-295
Sies H and Cadenas E (1985) Oxidative stress damage to intact cells and
organs Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 311 617-631
Silva BA Ferreres F Malva JO and Dias ACP (2005)
Phytochemical and antioxidant characterization of Hypericum perforatum
alcoholic extracts Food Chemistry 90 157ndash167
Singanan V Singana M and Begum H (2007) The hepatoprotective
effect of Bael leaves in alcohol induced liver injury in albino rats
International J Science and Technology 2(2) 83-92
Singh M Govindarajan R Nath V Singh RAK and Mehrotra S
(2006) Antimicrobial wound healing and antioxidant activity of
Plagiochasma appendiculatum Lehm et Lind Journal of
Ethanopharamacology 107 67-72
Singh R Wang Y Schattenberg JM Xiang Y and Czaja MJ (2009)
Chronic oxidative stress sensitizes hepatocytes to death from 4-
hydroxynonenal by JNKc-Jun overactivation Am J Physiol Gastrointest
Liver Physiol 297 G907-G917
Singh SP Nayak S and Swain M (2004) Prevalence of non-alcoholic
fatty liver disease in coastal eastern India a preliminary ultrasonographic
survey Trop Gastroentrol 25 76-9
Sirisha N Sreenivasulu M Sangeeta K and Madhusudhana Chetty C
(2010) Antioxidant Properties of Ficus Species ndash A Review International
Journal of PharmTech Research CODEN (USA) IJPRIF ISSN 0974-
4304 Vol2 No4 pp 2174-2182 Oct-Dec 2010
Sivarajan VV and Balachandran I (1994) Ayurvedic Drugs and their
Plant Source Oxford and IBH Publishing Co Pvt Ltd New Delhi India
Smid E J De Witte Y and Gorris L G M (1995) Postharvest Biol
Technol 6 303
Smirnoff N (2001) ―L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis Vitam Horm 61 241-
266
Smirnoff N Cumbes QJ (1989) Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of
compatible solutes Phytochemistry 281057-1060
Solga S Alkhuraishe AR and Clark JM (2004) Dietary composition
and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Dig Dis Sci 491578ndash83
Son IS Kim JH Sohn HY Son KH Kim JS and Kwon CS
(2007) Antioxidative and hypolipidaemic effects of diosgenin a steroidal
saponin of yam (Dioscorea spp) on high-cholesterol fed rats Bioscience
Biotechnology and Biochemistry 71 3063ndash3071
Song BJ Moon KH and Olsson NU (2008) Prevention of alcoholic
fatty liver and mitochondrial dysfunction in the rat by long-chain
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Coll Nutr 24 376e384
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curcuminoids Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 49 105ndash107
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Theilmann L (1994) Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on liver and bile duct
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hypercholesterolemia Life Science 78 1329ndash1335
Sun Q Ma J Campos H Hankinson SE Manson JE and Stampfer
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Rev Mol Cell Biol 9 162ndash176
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triglyceride synthesis improves hepatic steatosis but exacerbates liver
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Yang H Roberts LJ Jian Shi M Chun Zhou Li Ballard BR
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Yang JS Lee SJ Park HW and Cha YS (2006) Effect of genistein
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high-fat dietndashinduced dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress A microarray
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Yang S Zhu H Li Y Lin H Gabrielson K Trush MA and Diehl
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spontaneous lipid peroxidation following glutathione depletion Plant Med
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Yun SN Moon SJ Ko SK Im BO and Chung SH (2004) Wild
ginseng prevents the onset of high-fat diet induced hyperglycemia and
obesity in ICR mice Arch Pham Res 27 790ndash6
Zak B (1954) Cholesterol Methodologies A review Clin Chem 23 1201
Zhai S Dai R Friedman FK and Vestal RE (1998) Drug Metab
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Zhang HM Chen SW Zhang LS and Feng XF (2008) The effects of
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Zhao B (2009) Natural antioxidants protect neurons in Alzheimerlsquos disease
and Parkinsonlsquos disease Neurochem Res 34 630ndash8
Zheng S Hoos L Cook J Tetzloff G Harry DJ and Van Heek M
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alcoholic fatty liver disease Vascular Health and Risk Management 4 235ndash
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Zhu X Zhang W Pang X Wang J Zhao J and Qu W (2011)
Hypolipidaemic effect of n-butanol extract from Asparagus officinalis L in
mice fed a high-fat diet Phytotherapy Research 31 doi101002ptr3380
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L Goodly (Ed) Diagnostic Enzymology (pp 1ndash38) Philadelphia USA
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Zimmet P Shaw J and Alberti KG (2003) Preventing Type 2 Diabetes
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Ekstedt M Franzeacuten LE Mathiesen UL Thorelius L Holmqvist M
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NAFLD and elevated liver enzymes Hepatology 44 865ndash873
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ethanol-inducible cytochrome P-450 (P-450 IIE1) Biochem Pharmacol 38
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El-Dakhakhny M Mady NI and Halim M (2000) Nigella sativa L oil
protects against induced hepatotoxicity and improves serum lipid profile in
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Emery MG Fisher JM and Chien JY (2003) CYP2E1 activity before
and after weight loss in morbidly obese subjects with nonalcoholic fatty
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Enriquez A Leclercq I Farrell GC and Robertson G (1999) Altered
expression of hepatic CYP2E1 and CYP4A in obese diabetic obob mice
and fafa Zucker rats Biochim Biophys Res Commun 255 300ndash 6
Esterbauer H Schaur RJ and Zollner H (1991) Chemistry and
biochemistry of 4-hydroxynonenal malonaldehyde and related aldehydes
Free Radical Biology amp Medicine 11 (1) 81ndash128
Evans P and Halliwell B (1999) Free radicals and hearing Cause
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Fan JG Zhu J and Li XJ (2005) Fatty liver and the metabolic syndrome
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Fang YZ Yang S and Wu G (2002) Free radicals antioxidants and
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Fardet A Llorach R Martin JF Besson C Lyan B Pujos-Guillot E
and Scalbert A (2008) Aliquid chromatographyndashquadrupole time-of-flight
(LCndashQTOF)-based metabolomic approach reveals new metabolic effects of
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Farrel GC Larter CZ (2006) Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease from
steatosis to cirrhosis Hepatology 43S99ndash112
Feig M Onufriev A Lee MS Im W Case DA and Brooks CL
(2004) Performance comparison of generalized born and Poisson methods
in the calculation of electrostatic solvation energies for protein structures
Journal of Computational Chemistry 25 (2) 265ndash84 doi101002jcc10378
PMID 14648625
Feldstein AEWerneburg NW Canbay A Guicciardi ME Bronk
SF Rydzewski R Burgart LJ and Gores GJ (2004) Free fatty acids
promote hepatic lipotoxicity by stimulating TNF-alpha expression via a
lysosomal pathway Hepatology 40 185ndash194
Ferannini E Natalie A and Bell P (1997)Insulin resistance and
hypersecretion in obesity J Clin Invest 100 1166
Flora SJ (2007) Role of free radicals and antioxidants in health and disease
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Foti MC Daquino C and Geraci C (2004) Electron-transfer reaction of
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Foyer CH and Halliwell B (1976) The presence of glutathione activation
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Fraga C Leibovitz B and Tappel A (1987a) Halogenated compounds as
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Francis G Kerem Z Makkar HPS and Becker K (2002) The
biological action of saponins in animal systems a review British Journal of
Nutrition 88 587ndash605
Frei B and Higdon JV (2003) Antioxidant activity of tea polyphenols in
vivo evidence from animal studies J Nutr 133 3275Sndash84S
Fromenty B Robin MA Igoudjil A Mansouri A and Pessayre D
(2004) The ins and outs of mitochondrial dysfunction in NASH Diabetes amp
Metabolism 30 121ndash138
Fruhwirth GO Loidl A and Hermetter A (2007) Oxidized
phospholipids From molecular properties to disease Biochem Biophys
Acta 1772 718-736
Fryer MJ (1992) The antioxidant effects of thyla Vit E Plant cell Environ
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Gaetani G Ferraris A and Rolfo M (1996) Predominant role of catalase
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Ganapathy S (2004) Emerging strategy in the study of natural products
Indian Journal of
Germano MP Sanogo R Costa C Fulco R Ando DV Torrel EA
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products typically consumed in Italy Italian Journal of Food Science 21(3)
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Girish S Achliya Sudhir Wadodkar G Avinash and Dorle K (2004)
Evaluation of hepatoprotective effect of Amalkadi Ghrita against CCl4
induced hepatic damage in rats J Ethanopharmacology 90 229-232
Goldstein BJ and Scalia R (2004) Adiponectin a novel adipokine linking
adipocytes and vascular function J Clin Endocrinol Metab 892563ndash2568
Gomall AG et al (1949) Biolchem 177 751
Goris AH and Westerterp KR (2008) Physical activity fat intake and
body fat Physiol Behav 94 164ndash8
Grattagliano I Caraceni P Calamita G Ferri D Gargano I Palasciano
G and Portincasa P (2008) Severe liver steatosis correlates with nitrosative
and oxidative stress in rats Eur J Clin Invest 38 523-530
Gray (2008) Anatomy The Anatomical basis of clinical practice Chap 68
Liver 40th
di Elsevier 1858
Green RM and Flamm S (2002) AGA Technical review of evaluation of
liver chemistry tests Gasteroenteerology 123 1367-1384
Grill V and Bjoumlrklund A (2009) Impact of metabolic abnormalities for
beta cell function clinical significance and underlying mechanisms Mol
Cell Endocrinol 297 86ndash92
Grusak MA (2002) Phytochemicals in plants genomics-assisted plant
improvement for nutritional and health benefits Curr Opin Biotechnol 13
508ndash511
Guumllccedilin I Mshvildadze V Gepdiremen A and Elias R (2004)
Antioxidant activity of saponins isolated from ivy a-hederin hederasaponin-
C hederacolchiside-E and hederacolchiside-F Planta Medica 70 561ndash563
Guumllccedilin I Mshvildadze VA Gepdiremen A and Elias R (2006) The
antioxidant activity of a triterpenoid glycoside isolated from the berries of
Hedera colchica 3-O-(b-D-glucopyranosyl)-hederagenin Phytotherapy
Research 20 130ndash134
Gulcin Buyukokuroglu ME Oktay M and Kufrevioglu O (2003)
Antioxidant and analgesic activities of turpentine of Pinus nigra Arn Subsp
Pallsiana (Lamb) Holmboe J Ethanopharm 86 51-58
Guo C Yang J Wei J Li Y Xu J and Jiang Y (2003) Antioxidant
activities of peel pulp and seed fractions of common fruits as determined by
FRAP assay Nutrition Research 23 1719ndash1726
Gupta R and Misra A (2007) Type 2 diabetes in India regional
disparities Br J Diab Vasc Dis 7(1)12ndash6
Gurumoorthy V Hindu Jan-23rd 2011
Guzik TJ Korbut R and Adamek-Guzik T (2003) Nitric oxide and
superoxide in inflammation and immune regulation Journal of Physiology
and Pharmacology 54 (4) 469-487
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and hepatoprotective effects of silibinin in a rat model of nonalcoholic
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method a simple test tube assay for determination of rate constants for
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Yonemoto M Ikeda Y Ohwaki K Aragane K Tamai Y Kusunoki
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some medicinal plants on performances physiological and meat quality traits
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associated with hyperlipidemia caused by a semi-synthetic diet Laboratory
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hypobromite-mediated radical formation and its role in cell lysis Arch
Biochem Biophys 395 137-145
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changes in microheological properties of the red cell membrane 76 1015-
1022
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388-389
Hedge K Joshi AB (2009) Hepatoprotective effect of Carissa carandus
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stress Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 47 660-667
Heibatollah S Reza NM Izadpanah G and Sohailla S (2008)
Hepatoprotective effect of Cichorium intybus on CCl4 induced liver damage
in rats African Journal of Biochemistry 2(6) 141-144
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Chem46 3590
Heuman DM Pandak WM Hylemon PB and Vlahzevic ZR (1991)
Conjugates of ursodeoxycholate protect against cytotoxicity of more
hydrophobic bile salts Hepatology 14 920ndash926
Higuchi N Kato M and Shundo Y (2008) LiverXreceptor in cooperation
with SREBP-1c is a major lipid synthesis regulator in nonalcoholic fatty
liver disease Hepatol Res 38(11) 1122ndash9
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Intrinsic oxidative stress in cancer cells a biochemical basis for therapeutic
selectivity Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 53 209ndash19
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and Curi R (2007) Time-dependent effects of fatty acids on skeletal muscle
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erythrocyte superoxide dismutase with hydrogen peroxide
chemiluminescence and peroxidation Biochemistry 14 5299ndash5303
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in vivo British Medical Bulletin 49 494ndash505
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a causal role in multiple forms of insulin resistance Nature 440944ndash8
httpclinicaltrialsgovct2showNCT00065676intrfrac1422quercetin
22amprankfrac145 (accessed 170609)
Hu C and Kitts DD (2005) Dendelion (Taraxacum officinale) flower
extract suppresses both reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide and prevents
lipid oxidation in vitro Phytomedicine 12 588ndash597
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1841minus1856
Inzucchi SE (2002) Oral antihyperglycemic therapy for type 2 diabetes
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Iovin Nicole M Seema Pursnani Voldman A Wasserman G Blaser
MJ and Weinrauch Y (2008) Reactive nitrogen species contribute to
innate host defense against Camoylobacter jjuni Infection and Immunity
76(3) 986-93
Ismail M Ghanya Al-Naqeep Kim Wei Chan (2010) Nigella sativa
thymoquinone-rich fraction greatly improves plasma antioxidant capacity
and expression of antioxidant genes in hypercholesterolemic rats Free
Radical Biology amp Medicine 48 664ndash672
Itagaki S Kurokawa T Nakata C Saito Y Oikawa S Kobayashi T
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ferulic acid a comparative study with other natural oxidation inhibitors
Food Chem 114 466ndash471
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15 755-766
Jain S Dixit Malviya N and Ambawata V (2009) Antioxidant and
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6(4) 423-428
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James O and Day C (1999) Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis another disease
of affluence Lancet 353 (9165) 1634ndash1636
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streptozotocin diabetes on some urea cycle enzyme Biochem BiophysRes
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stability of ethanolic extracts of Holy basil and Galangal Food Chem 92
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and spinal cord injury suggestions for pharmacological and nutritional
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Katina K Arendt E Liukkonen KH Autio K Flander L and Poutanen
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Krishnamoorthy V Divianathan S Subramanian B and Shanmugam M
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Kurian GA and Paddikkala J (2009) Administration of aqueous extract of
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Lansky EP Helena M Paavilainena Alison D Pawlus B Robert A
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Lapenna D Del Boccio G Porreca E Pennelli A Mezzetti A De
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Le K Chiu F and Ng K (2007) Identification and quantification of
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Le PM Benhaddou-Andaloussi A Elimadi A Settaf A Cherrah Y
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Lee GS Yan JS Ng RK Kakar S and Maher JJ (2007)
Polyunsaturated fat in the methionine-choline-deficient diet influences
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Lee JK N and Min DB (2004) Reactive Oxygen Species Aging and
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Lee KS Buck M Houglum K and Chojkier M (1995) Activation of
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Lieber CS Leo MA Mak KM Xu Y Cao Q Ren C
Ponomarenko A and DeCarli LM (2004) Model of nonalcoholic
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Pathophysiology Concepts of Altered Health States Seventh edition 2008
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Liu F and Ng TB (2000) Antioxidative and free radical scavenging
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Lopez-Avila V L and A and Yefchak G (2009) Use of GC-QTOF MS to
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Lopez-Garcia E Schulze MB Meigs JB Manson JE Rifai N and
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Luck H (1974) In Methods in enzymatic analysisBer Acad N Y 885
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Mayo Clin Proc 55434-438
Lugasi A Dworschak E Blazovics A and Kery A (1998) Antioxidant
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(Raphanus sativus I Varniger) root Phytother Res 12 502-506
Lyon CJ Law RE and Hsueh WA (2003) Minireview adiposity
inflammation and atherogenesis Endocrinology 144 2195ndash2200
Mabrouk GM Moselhy SS Zohny SF Ali EM Helal TE Amin
AA and Khalifa AA (2002) Inhibition of methylnitrosourea (MNU)
induced oxidative stress and carcinogenesis by orally administered bee honey
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Clinical Cancer Research 21 (3) 341ndash346
Madan MP Raghavan G Singh AK and Palpu P (2005) Free radical
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Mahendran P and Devi CSS (2001) The modulating effect of Garicinia
cambogia extract on ethanol induced peroxidative damage in rats Indian J
Pharmacology 33 87-91
Mahmoud MR El-Abhar HS and Saleh S (2002) The effect of Nigella
sativa oil against the liver damage induced by Shistosoma mansoni infection
in mice Journal of Ethnopharmacology 79 1ndash11
Makino I Shinozaki K Yoshino K and Nakagawa S (1975)
Dissolution of cholesterol gallstones by long-term administration of
ursodeoxycholic acid Nippon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi 72 690ndash702
Malik EP Singh MB (1980) Plant Enzymology and Hittoenzymology
1st Edn Kalyani Publishers New Delhi 286
Mallikharjuna PB Rajanna LN Seetharam YN and Sharanabasappa
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Medicinal Plant 4(4) 510-518
Manco M Calvani M and Mingrone G (2004) Effects of dietary fatty
acids on insulin sensitivity and secretion Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism
6 402ndash413
Manian R Anusuya N Siddhuraju P and Manian S (2008) The
antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging potential of two different
solvent extracts of Camellia sinensis (L) O Kuntz Ficus bengalensis L and
Ficus racemosa L Food Chemistry 107 1000ndash1007
Marchand LL Murphy SP Hankin JH Wilkens LR Kolonel LN
(2000) J Natl Cancer Inst 92 154
Marchesini G Bugianesi E Forlani G Cerrelli F Lenzi M Manini
R Natale S Vanni E Villanova N Melchionda N and Rizzetto M
(2003) Nonalcoholic fatty liver steatohepatitis and the metabolic syndrome
Hepatology 37 917ndash 923
Mari M Caballero F Colell A Morales A Caballeria J Fernandez
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Mitochondrial free cholesterol loading sensitizes to TNF and Fas-meidated
steatohepatitis Cell Metabolism 4 185ndash198
Marimuthu P Wu CL Chang HT and Chang ST (2008) Antioxidant
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Formosana J Sci Food Agric 88
Mariod AA Ibrahim RM Ismail M and Ismail N (2009) Antioxidant
activity and phenolic content of phenolic rich fractions obtained from black
cumin (Nigella sativa) seedcake Food Chemistry 116 306ndash312
Maron DJ (2004) Flavonoids for reduction of atherosclerotic risk Curr
Atheroscler Rep 6 73-78
Marra F Gastaldelli A Svegliati Baroni G Tell G and Tiribelli C
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Mates JM Perez-Gomez C and Decastro IN (1999) Clin Chem 32
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Matsuzawa N Takamura T Kurita S Misu H Ota T Ando H
Yokoyama M Honda M Zen Y Nakanuma Y Miyamoto K and
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Matsuzawa Y Shimomura I Nakamura T Keno Y Kotani K and
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Matthew Ricci (2008) NAFLD (Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease) A
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Matthew Cave Ion Deaciuc Christian Mendez Zhenyuan Song Swati
Joshi-Barve Shirish Barve Craig McClain (2007) Nonalcoholic fatty liver
disease predisposing factors and the role of nutrition Journal of Nutritional
Biochemistry 18 184ndash 195
Mavrelis PG Ammon HV Gleysteen JJ Komorowski RA and
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morbid obesity Hepatology 3 226ndash231
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edition 588-
590
Mazur A Bayle D Lab C Rock E and Rayssiguier Y (1999)
Inhibitory effect of procyanidin-rich extracts on LDL oxidation in vitro
Atherosclerosis 145 421ndash422
McCay PB (1985) Vitamin E Interactions with free radicals and
ascorbate Ann Rev Nutr 5 323-340
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of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Clinics in Liver Disease 8 521ndash533
McDougall GJ Dobson P Smith P Blake A and Stewart D (2005)
Assessing potential bioavallability of raspberry anthocyanins using an in
vitro digestion system Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53(15)
5896minus5904
Mehta B K Sharma U Pandit V Agrawal S Joshi N and Gupta M
(2008) Med Chem Res 17 462ndash473
Meng EC Shoichet BK and Kuntz ID (2004) Automated docking
with grid-based energy evaluation Journal of Computational Chemistry 13
(4) 505ndash524 doi101002jcc540130412
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investigation of fruits of Ficus glomerata Roxb Indian J Chem 17B 87ndash88
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anthocyanins phenolics and flavonoids contents of some sweet potato
genotypes under stress of different concentrations of sucrose and sorbito
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patients Nutr Rev 58 278-281
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biochemical toxicology 3rd
Edition edited by E Hodgson and R C Smart (A
John Wiley amp Sons Inc New York) 487
Mezzetti A Di Ilio C Calafiore AM Aceto A Marzio L Frederici G
and Cuccurullo F (1990) Glutathione peroxidase glutathione reductase and
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Milagro FI Campioacuten J and Martiacutenez JA (2006) Weight gain induced
by high-fat feeding involves increased liver oxidative stress Obesity (Silver
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Miliauskas G Venskutonis PR and Van Beek TA (2004) Screening of
radical scavenging activity of some medicinal and aromatic plant extracts
Food Chemistry 85 231ndash237
Ming M Guanhua L Zhanhai Y Guang C and Xuan Z (2009) Effect
of the Lycium barbarum polysaccharides administration on blood lipid
metabolism and oxidative stress of mice fed high-fat diet in vivo Food
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Misra A Khurana L Vikram NK Goel A and Wasir JS (2007)
Metabolic syndrome in children current issues and South Asian perspective
Nutrition 23(11ndash12)895ndash910
Misra A Misra R Wijesuriya M and Banerjee D (2007) The metabolic
syndrome in south Asians continuing escalation amp possible solutions Indian
J Med Res 125(3)345ndash54
Misra A Vikram NK (2004) Insulin resistance syndrome (metabolic
syndrome) and obesity in Asian Indians Evidence and implications
Nutrition 20482ndash491
Mithra SK Seshadri SJ Venkataranganna MV Gopumadhavan S
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Mohan V and Deepa R (2006) Adipocytokines and The expanding Asian
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Owen R W Giacosa A Hull W E Haubner R Spiegelhalder B and
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diabetes Science 306457ndash61
Ozturk-Urek R Bozkaya LA and Tarhan L (2001) The effects of some
antioxidant vitamins and trace elements supplemented diets on activities of
SOD CAT GSH-Px and LPO levels in chicken tissues Cell Biochemistry
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Biotin in metabolism and its relationship tohuman disease Arch Med Res
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peroxynitrite in health and disease Physiol Rev 87 (1) 315ndash424
Pacher P Beckman JS and Liaudet L (2007) Nitric oxide and
peroxynitrite In health and disease Physiological Reviews 87(1) 315ndash424
Paetau I Khachik F Brown ED Beecher GR Kramer TR and
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Pan HZ Zhang H Chang D Li H and Sui H (2008) The change of
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Paranjpe P (2001) Indian Medicinal Plants Forgotten Healers A Guide to
Ayurvedic Herbal Medicine Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratisthan Delhi p316
Park CH Yamabe N Noh JS Kang KS Tanaka T Yokozawa T
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Parrotta JA (2006) Healing Plants of Peninsular India CABI Publishing
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Patchett AA and Nargund RP (2000) Annu Rep Med Chem 35
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Pauly Nicolas Pucciariello C Mandon K Innocenti G Jamet A
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Peach and Tracey MV (1955) In modern methods of plant analyse 4
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Perez C Canal JR and Torres MD (2003) Experimental diabetes treated
with Ficus carica extract effect on oxidative stress parameters Acta
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Perez-Amador MC Ocotero VM Castaneda JMG and Esquinca
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Perry G Cash AD Srinivas R and Smith MA (2002) Metals and
oxidative homeostasis in Alzheimerlsquos disease Drug Development and
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Pignatelli P Pulcinelli FM and Lenti L (1998) Hydrogen Peroxide Is
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Pirola L Johnston AM Van Obberghen E (2004) Modulation of insulin
action Diabetologia 47170ndash84
Pitchersky E and Gang DR (2000) Genetics and biochemistry of
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Prasad K (2010) Effects of vitamin E on serum enzymes and electrolytes in
hypercholesterolemia Molecular Cellular Biochemistry 335 67ndash74
Prasamthi Muralidhara K and Rajini PS (2005) Fenvalerate-induced
oxidative damage in rat tissues and its attenuation by dietary sesame oil
Food Chem Toxicol 43 299ndash306
Pryor WA (1993) Measurement of oxidative stress status in humans
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2 289-292
Puppo A (1992) Effect of flavonoids on hydroxyl radical formation by
Fenton-type reactions influence of the iron chelator Phytochemistry 31
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Rahman NN Khan M and Hasan R (1994) Bioactive components from
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Rajesh MG and Latha MS (2004) Preliminary evaluation of the
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Rajkapoor B Anandan R and Jayakar B (2002) Anti-ulcer effect of
Nigella sativa Linn against gastric ulcers in rats Curr Sci 82 177ndash179
Ramadan MF (2007) Nutritional value functional properties and
nutraceutical applications of black cumin (Nigella sativa L) an overview
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Ramadan MF and Moumlrsel JT (2004) Oxidative stability of black cumin
(Nigella sativa L) coriander (Coriandrum sativum L) and niger (Guizotia
abyssinica Cass) crude seed oils upon stripping Eur J Lipid Sci Technol
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Randhawa MA and Al-Ghamdi MS (2002) A review of the
pharmacotherapeutic effects of Nigella sativa Pakistan Journal of Medical
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Rao BR Murugresan T Sinha S Saha BP Pal M and Mandal SC
(2002) Glucose lowering efficacy of Ficus racemosa barks extract in normal
and alloxan diabetic rats Phytotherapy Research 16 590ndash592
Rao CV Arti R Verma M Vijayakumar S Rastogi (2008)
Gastroprotective effect of standardized extract of Ficus glomerata fruit on
experimental gastric ulcers in rats Journal of Ethnopharmacology 115
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Rao KS (2009) Free radical induced oxidative damage to DNA relation to
brain aging and neurological disorders Indian J Biochem Biophys 46 9ndash15
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
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Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
Evans C (1999) Antioxidant activity applying in an improved radical cation
decolorisation assay Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231-1237
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and benzyl adenine and dark- treated graving rice (Oryza sativa) leaves II
Changes in peroxidases activity Plant Cell Physiol 26 987- 994
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Reitman S Frankel S (1957) Amer JClin Path 2856
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York Plenum Press 279-292
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(eds) Standard methods of clinical chemistry 6th
ed New York Academic
press 6 215-222
Rice-Evans CA Miller NJ and Paganga G (1996) Structurendashantioxidant
activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids J Free Radic Biol
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Richter C (1987) Biophysical consequences of lipid peroxidation in
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Rinella ME Elias MS Smolak RR Fu T Borensztajn J and Green
RM (2008) Mechanisms of hepatic steatosis in mice fed a lipogenic
methionine choline-deficient diet J Lipid Res 491068ndash76
Rizvi MMA Irshad M Hassadi GE and Younis SB (2009) Bio
efficacies of Cassia fistula An Indian labrum African Journal of Pharmacy
and Pharmacology 3(6) 287-292
Robak J Gryglewski RJ (1988) Flavonoids are scavengers of superoxide
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Robak J Maran and Kiewicz R (1995) Scavenging of reactive oxygen
species as the mechanism of drug action Polish J of Pharmacol 47 89-98
Robert M (2006) Mineral surfaces and the prebiotic selection and
organization of biomolecules American Mineralogist 91 1715ndash1729
Roberts CK Barnard RJ Sindhu RK Jurczak M Ehdaie A and
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and antioxidant enzymes in diet-induced metabolic syndrome Metabolism
55 928ndash934
Robertson G Leclercq I and Farrell GC (2001) Nonalcoholic steatosis
and steatohepatitis II Cytochrome P-450 enzymes and oxidative stress
American Journal of Physiology Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 281
(5) G1135ndashG1139
Roe J H and Keuther C A (1943) The determination of ascorbic acid in
whole blood and urine through 2 4-dinitro phenyl hydrazine derivative of
dehydro ascorbic acid J Biol Chem 147 399- 407
Rohrdanz E Schmuck G Ohler S and Kahl R (2001) The influence of
oxidative stress on catalase and MnSOD gene transcription in astrocytes
Brain Res 900 128-136
Rojas C Cadenas S Lopez-Torres M Perez-Campo R and Barja G
(1996) Increase in heart glutathione redox and total antioxidant capacity and
dcrease in lipid peroxidation after vitamin E dietary supplementation in
guinea pigs Free Radic Biol Med 21 907-15
Romeo S Sentinelli F Dash S Yeo GS Savage DB Leonetti F
Capoccia D Incani M Maglio C Iacovino M OlsquoRahilly S and Baroni
MG (2010) Int J Obes (Lond) 34 190ndash194
Romero AM Mirtha MD Sturia MA and Judis MA (2004)
Antioxidant properties of polyphenol-containing extract from soybean
fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae Eur J Lipid Sci Technol 106
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Rosen HR and Keefe EB (1998) Laboratory evaluation of the patient
with signs and symptoms of liver disease In clinical practice of
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820
Rosenberg HR (1992) Chemistry and Physiology of the citamins Inter
Science Publishers Inc New York 452-453
Rosselli MS Adriana L Burgue˜nob Julieta Carabelli Mariano Schumanb
Carlos J Pirolab and Silvia Sookoiana (2009) Losartan reduces liver
expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in a high fat-induced
rat nonalcoholic fatty liver disease model Atherosclerosis 206 119ndash126
Roy S Sehgal R Pahdy BM and Kumar VL (2005) Antioxidant and
protective effect of Calotropis procera against alloxan-induced diabetics in
rats J Ethanopharmacol 102 470-473
Ryan L OConnell O OSullivan L Aherne SA and OBrien NM
(2008) Micellarisation of carotenoids from raw and cooked vegetables
Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 63(3) 127minus133
Sadasivam S Manickam A (1997) Biochemical methods Second edition
Newage international Pvt Ltd
Sagi Y and Youdim MBH (2008) The neuroprotective effect of
ladostigil against hydrogen peroxide-mediated cytotoxicity Chem-Biol
Interact 175 318ndash26
Sahai A Malladi P Melin-Aldana H Green RM and Whitington PF
(2004) Up regulation of osteopontin expression is involved in the
development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in a dietary murine model Am
J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 287 G264-G273
Sahreen S Rashid Khan M and Ali Khan R (2010) Evaluation of
antioxidant activities of various solvent extracts of Carissa opaca fruits
Food Chemistry 122 1205ndash1211
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Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis association of insulin resistance and
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Antioxidative properties of xanthan on the autoxidation of soybean oil in
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Antioxidant effect of aqueous extract of the bark of Ficus bengalensis in
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Phytochemical and antioxidant characterization of Hypericum perforatum
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Ethanopharamacology 107 67-72
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Wymann MP and Schneiter R (2008) Lipid signalling in disease Nat
Rev Mol Cell Biol 9 162ndash176
Yamaguchi F Saito M Ariga T Yoshimura Y and Nakazawa H
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Yamaguchi K Yang L McCall S Huang J Yu XX Pandey SK
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triglyceride synthesis improves hepatic steatosis but exacerbates liver
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Hepatology 45 1366ndash1374
Yang H Roberts LJ Jian Shi M Chun Zhou Li Ballard BR
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dismutase and catalase in mice lacking apolipoprotein E Circ Res 95
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Yang JS Lee SJ Park HW and Cha YS (2006) Effect of genistein
with carnitine administration on lipid parameters and obesity in C57Bl6J
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Yang RL Li W Shi YH and Le GW (2008) Lipoic acid prevents
high-fat dietndashinduced dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress A microarray
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Yang S Zhu H Li Y Lin H Gabrielson K Trush MA and Diehl
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Arch Biochem Biophys 378 259-268
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Yao D Shi W Gou Y Zhou X Yee Aw T Zhou Y and Liu Z
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mechanism of oxidative injury Free Radic Biol Med 39(10) 1385ndash1398
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Role of adiponectin in the protective action of dietary saturated fat against
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spontaneous lipid peroxidation following glutathione depletion Plant Med
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Yu L Haley S Perret J Harris M Wilson J and Qian M (2002) Free
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Yun SN Moon SJ Ko SK Im BO and Chung SH (2004) Wild
ginseng prevents the onset of high-fat diet induced hyperglycemia and
obesity in ICR mice Arch Pham Res 27 790ndash6
Zak B (1954) Cholesterol Methodologies A review Clin Chem 23 1201
Zhai S Dai R Friedman FK and Vestal RE (1998) Drug Metab
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Zhang HM Chen SW Zhang LS and Feng XF (2008) The effects of
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Zhang Z Apse K Pang J and Stanton RC (2000) High glucose inhibits
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase via cAMP in aortic endothelial cells J
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Zhao B (2009) Natural antioxidants protect neurons in Alzheimerlsquos disease
and Parkinsonlsquos disease Neurochem Res 34 630ndash8
Zheng S Hoos L Cook J Tetzloff G Harry DJ and Van Heek M
(2008) Ezetimibe improves high fat and cholesterol diet-induced non-
alcoholic fatty liver disease Vascular Health and Risk Management 4 235ndash
241
Zhu X Zhang W Pang X Wang J Zhao J and Qu W (2011)
Hypolipidaemic effect of n-butanol extract from Asparagus officinalis L in
mice fed a high-fat diet Phytotherapy Research 31 doi101002ptr3380
Zimmerman H J and Seeff L B (1970) Enzymes in hepatic disease In E
L Goodly (Ed) Diagnostic Enzymology (pp 1ndash38) Philadelphia USA
Lea amp Febiger
Zimmet P Shaw J and Alberti KG (2003) Preventing Type 2 Diabetes
and the Dysmetabolic Syndrome in the Real World a Realistic View Diabet
Med 20 693-702
Enriquez A Leclercq I Farrell GC and Robertson G (1999) Altered
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and fafa Zucker rats Biochim Biophys Res Commun 255 300ndash 6
Esterbauer H Schaur RJ and Zollner H (1991) Chemistry and
biochemistry of 4-hydroxynonenal malonaldehyde and related aldehydes
Free Radical Biology amp Medicine 11 (1) 81ndash128
Evans P and Halliwell B (1999) Free radicals and hearing Cause
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Fan JG Zhu J and Li XJ (2005) Fatty liver and the metabolic syndrome
among Shanghai adults J Gastroenterol Hepatol 20 1825-32
Fang YZ Yang S and Wu G (2002) Free radicals antioxidants and
nutrition Nutrition 18 872-879
Fardet A Llorach R Martin JF Besson C Lyan B Pujos-Guillot E
and Scalbert A (2008) Aliquid chromatographyndashquadrupole time-of-flight
(LCndashQTOF)-based metabolomic approach reveals new metabolic effects of
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Feig M Onufriev A Lee MS Im W Case DA and Brooks CL
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in the calculation of electrostatic solvation energies for protein structures
Journal of Computational Chemistry 25 (2) 265ndash84 doi101002jcc10378
PMID 14648625
Feldstein AEWerneburg NW Canbay A Guicciardi ME Bronk
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promote hepatic lipotoxicity by stimulating TNF-alpha expression via a
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Ferannini E Natalie A and Bell P (1997)Insulin resistance and
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Medicine 3 119-123
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biological action of saponins in animal systems a review British Journal of
Nutrition 88 587ndash605
Frei B and Higdon JV (2003) Antioxidant activity of tea polyphenols in
vivo evidence from animal studies J Nutr 133 3275Sndash84S
Fromenty B Robin MA Igoudjil A Mansouri A and Pessayre D
(2004) The ins and outs of mitochondrial dysfunction in NASH Diabetes amp
Metabolism 30 121ndash138
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phospholipids From molecular properties to disease Biochem Biophys
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Liver 40th
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Guumllccedilin I Mshvildadze V Gepdiremen A and Elias R (2004)
Antioxidant activity of saponins isolated from ivy a-hederin hederasaponin-
C hederacolchiside-E and hederacolchiside-F Planta Medica 70 561ndash563
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Gurumoorthy V Hindu Jan-23rd 2011
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Hansson A Zelada JC and Noriega HP (2005) Revaluations of risks
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Harvey AL (2008) Drug Discov Today 13 894e901
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Harwood H J Jr (2004) Acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibition for the
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Hepatoprotective effect of Cichorium intybus on CCl4 induced liver damage
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Heuman DM Pandak WM Hylemon PB and Vlahzevic ZR (1991)
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Higuchi N Kato M and Shundo Y (2008) LiverXreceptor in cooperation
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Ismail M Ghanya Al-Naqeep Kim Wei Chan (2010) Nigella sativa
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and expression of antioxidant genes in hypercholesterolemic rats Free
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Itagaki S Kurokawa T Nakata C Saito Y Oikawa S Kobayashi T
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Jain S Dixit Malviya N and Ambawata V (2009) Antioxidant and
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James O and Day C (1999) Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis another disease
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Kallwitz ER McLachlan A and Cotler SJ (2008) Role of peroxisome
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Kantartzis K Peter A Machicao F Machann J Wagner S
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Kappus H (1991) Lipid peroxidation-mechanism and biological relevance
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Katina K Arendt E Liukkonen KH Autio K Flander L and Poutanen
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Khan MS Nema N Kharya MD and Khanam S (2009)
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Khan N and Sultana ST (2005) Chemomodulatory effect of Ficus
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Kim YS Bahn KN Hah CK Gang HI and Ha YL (2008)
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Koneacute WM Atindehou KK Terreaux C Hostettmann K Traoreacute D
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Kordali S Cakir A Mavi A Kilic H and Yildirim A (2005) Screening
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Koruk M Savascedil MC Yilmaz O Tayscedil iS Karakok M Guumlndolsquogdu C
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Kotani K Peroni OD Minokoshi Y Boss O and Kahn BB (2004)
GLUT4 glucose transporter deficiency increases hepatic lipid production and
peripheral lipid utilization J Clin Invest 114 1666ndash1675
Koteish A and Diehl AM (2002) Animal models of steatohepatitis Best
Kotronen A Seppanen-Laakso T and Westerbacka J (2009) Hepatic
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ceramide concentrations are increased in the nonalcoholic human fatty liver
Diabetes 58(1) 203ndash8
Kowdley KV (2000) Ursodeoxycholic acid therapy in hepatobiliary
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Kraegen EW Clark PW Jenkins AB Daley EA Chisholm DJ and
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Kresge N Simoni RD and Hill RL (2006) Forty years of superoxide
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Krishnamoorthy V Divianathan S Subramanian B and Shanmugam M
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7 330-338
Kroumltz F Sohn HY and Gloe T (2002) Oxidase-dependent platelet
superoxide anion release incrj5eases platelet recruitment Blood 100 917-
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Kulinski A Vance DE and Vance JE (2004) A choline-deficient diet in
mice inhibits neither the CDP-choline pathway for phosphatidylcholine
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Kumar G Sharmila Banu G Kannan V and Rajasekarapandian M
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Kumar V Rani A Dixit A K Pratap D and Bhatnagar D (2010) A
comparative assessment of total phenolic content ferric reducing-anti-
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International 43 323minus328
Kumpulainen JT and Salonen JT (1999) Natural Antioxidants and
Anticarcinogens in Nutrition Health and Disease the Royal Society of
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Kuo YH and Li YC (2000) Four new compounds ficusal
ficusesquilignan A B and ficusolide diacetate from the heartwood of Ficus
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59
Kurian GA and Paddikkala J (2009) Administration of aqueous extract of
Desmodium gangeticum (L) root protects rat heart against ischemic
reperfusion injury induced oxidative stress Indian J Exp Biol 47 129ndash35
Labhal A Settaf A Bennani N Cherrah Y Slaoui A and Hassar M
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le rat des sables Caduceacutee 27 26ndash28
Labhal A Settaf A Zalagh F Cherrah Y Hassar M and Slaoui A
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Meriones shawi obegravese et diabeacutetique Espeacuterance Meacutedicale 47 72ndash74
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Lagiou P Samoli E and Lagiou A (2004) Intake of specific flavonoid
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Lai LS Chan ST and Chao WW (2001) Studies on the antioxidative
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963-968
Lansky EP Helena M Paavilainena Alison D Pawlus B Robert A
and Newmana B (2008) Ficus spp (fig) Ethnobotany and potential as
anticancer and anti-inflammatory agents Journal of Ethnopharmacology
119 195ndash213
Lapenna D Del Boccio G Porreca E Pennelli A Mezzetti A De
Gioia S Marzio L Di Ilio C and Cuccurullo F (1992) Effects of high-
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Latha M and Pari L (2004) Effect of an aqueous extract of Scoparia dulcis
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Laurent A Nicco C and Tran Van Nhieu J (2004) Pivotal role of
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steatohepatitis Hepatology 39(5) 1277-1285
Laurin J Lindor KD Crippin JS Gossard A Gores GJ Ludwig J
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treatment of non-alcohol-induced steatohepatitis a pilot study Hepatology
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Le K Chiu F and Ng K (2007) Identification and quantification of
antioxidants in Fructus lycii Food Chemistry 105 353ndash363
Le PM Benhaddou-Andaloussi A Elimadi A Settaf A Cherrah Y
and Haddad P (2004) The petroleum ether extract of Nigella sativa exerts
lipid-lowering and insulin-sensitizing actions in the rat Journal of
Ethnopharmacology 94 251ndash259
Leclercq I Field J Erriquez A Farrell GC (2007) Robertson G
(2000) Constitutive and inducible expression of hepatic CYP2E1 and
CYP4A in leptin-deficient obob mice Biochim Biophys Res Commun 268
337ndash 44
Leclercq IA (2007) Pathogenesis of steatohepatitis insights from the study
of animal models Acta Gastroenterol Belg 7025ndash31
Lee GS Yan JS Ng RK Kakar S and Maher JJ (2007)
Polyunsaturated fat in the methionine-choline-deficient diet influences
hepatic inflammation but not hepatocellular injury J Lipid Res 481885-
1896
Lee JK N and Min DB (2004) Reactive Oxygen Species Aging and
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33
Lee KS Buck M Houglum K and Chojkier M (1995) Activation of
hepatic stellate cells by TGF alpha and collagen type I is mediated by
oxidative stress through c-myb expression J Clin Invest 96 2461ndash2468
Lee KW Everts H Kappert HJ Yeom KH and Beynen AC (2003)
Dietary carvacrol lowers body weight gain but improves feed conversion in
female broiler chickens Journal of Applied Poultry Research 12 394ndash399
Lee SE Hwang HJ and HA JS (2003) Screening of medicinal plant
extracts for antioxidant activity Life Sci 73 167-179
Leeuenberg C and Ji LL (1995) Glutathione depletion in rested and
exercised mice Biochemical consequence and adaption Arch Biochem
Niophys 316 941-949
Lenhard JM (2007) Gottschalk WK (2002) Preclinical developmentsin
type 2 diabetes Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 54 1199ndash1212
Leung KK and Leung PS (2008) Effects of hyperglycemia on
angiotensin receptor type 1 expression and insulin secretion in an INS-1E
pancreatic beta-cell line JOP 9 290ndash299
Li H Wang QJ Zhu DN and Yang Y (2008) Reinioside C a
triterpene saponin of Polygala aureocauda Dunn exerts hypolipidemic effect
on hyperlipidemic mice Phytotherapy Research 22 159ndash164
Lichtenthaler R and Marx F (2005) Total oxidant scavenging capacities of
common European fruit and vegetable juices Journal of Agricultural and
Food Chemistry 53(1) 103minus110
Lieber CS (1997) Cytochrome P-4502E1 its physiological and
pathological role Physiol Rev 77 517ndash 44
Lieber CS Leo MA Mak KM Xu Y Cao Q Ren C
Ponomarenko A and DeCarli LM (2004) Model of nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 79(3) 502ndash509
Lin J Yang R Tarr PT Wu PH Handschin C and Li S (2005)
Hyperlipidemic effects of dietary saturated fats mediated through PGC-1β
coactivation of SREBP Cell 120261ndash73
Lindor KD Dickson ER Baldus WP Jorgensen RA Ludwig J
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SM (1994) Ursodeoxycholic acid in the treatment of primary biliary
cirrhosis Gastroenterology 106 1284ndash1290
Lindor KD Kodley KV Heathcote EJ Harrison ME Jorgensen R and
Angulo P (2004) Ursodeoxycholic for treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
results of a randomized trial Hepatology 39 770-8
Liochev SI and Fridovich I (1994) The role of O2 in the production of
HO in vitro and in vivo Free Radical Biology and Medicine 16 29ndash36
Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Instructorlsquos Resource Parthlsquos
Pathophysiology Concepts of Altered Health States Seventh edition 2008
Liu C H Hung M T and Huang P C (1995) Source of triacylglycerol
accumulation in lives of rats fed a cholesterol-supplemented diet Lipids 30
527ndash531
Liu F and Ng TB (2000) Antioxidative and free radical scavenging
activities of selected medicinal herbs Life Sciences 66 725ndash735
Liu F Ooi VEC and Chang S T (1997) Free radical scavenging
activity of mushroom polysaccharide extracts Life Science 60 763-771
Liu L and Meydani M (2002) Combined vitamin C and E
supplementation retards early progression of arteriosclerosis in heart
transplant patients Nutr Rev 60 368-371
Lizardi-Cervera J and Aquilar-Zapata D (2009) Nonalcoholic fatty liver
disease and its association with cardiovascular disease 8 S40ndashS43
Lopez-Avila V L and A and Yefchak G (2009) Use of GC-QTOF MS to
identify unknown compounds in herbal extracts 1-4
Lopez-Garcia E Schulze MB Meigs JB Manson JE Rifai N and
Stampfer MJ (2005) l Consumption of trans fatty acids is related to plasma
biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction J Nutr 135 562ndash
566
Louchami K Zhang Y Oguzhan B Delporte C Portois L and
Carpentier YA (2006) Rapid changes in liver lipid composition and
pancreatic islet K+ handling and secretory behaviour provoked by the
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Lowry OH Rosebrough NJ Farr AI and Randall RJ (1951) Protein
determination with the folinlsquos phenol reagent JBiolChem 193 265-275
Luck H (1974) In Methods in enzymatic analysisBer Acad N Y 885
Ludwig J Viggiano TR McGill DB and Ott BJ (1980) Non-alcoholic
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Mayo Clin Proc 55434-438
Lugasi A Dworschak E Blazovics A and Kery A (1998) Antioxidant
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(Raphanus sativus I Varniger) root Phytother Res 12 502-506
Lyon CJ Law RE and Hsueh WA (2003) Minireview adiposity
inflammation and atherogenesis Endocrinology 144 2195ndash2200
Mabrouk GM Moselhy SS Zohny SF Ali EM Helal TE Amin
AA and Khalifa AA (2002) Inhibition of methylnitrosourea (MNU)
induced oxidative stress and carcinogenesis by orally administered bee honey
and Nigella grains in Sprague Dawely rats Journal of Experimental and
Clinical Cancer Research 21 (3) 341ndash346
Madan MP Raghavan G Singh AK and Palpu P (2005) Free radical
scavenging potential of Saussarea costua Acta Pharm 55 297-304
Mahendran P and Devi CSS (2001) The modulating effect of Garicinia
cambogia extract on ethanol induced peroxidative damage in rats Indian J
Pharmacology 33 87-91
Mahmoud MR El-Abhar HS and Saleh S (2002) The effect of Nigella
sativa oil against the liver damage induced by Shistosoma mansoni infection
in mice Journal of Ethnopharmacology 79 1ndash11
Makino I Shinozaki K Yoshino K and Nakagawa S (1975)
Dissolution of cholesterol gallstones by long-term administration of
ursodeoxycholic acid Nippon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi 72 690ndash702
Malik EP Singh MB (1980) Plant Enzymology and Hittoenzymology
1st Edn Kalyani Publishers New Delhi 286
Mallikharjuna PB Rajanna LN Seetharam YN and Sharanabasappa
GK (2007) Phytochemical Studies of Strychnos potatorum LF A
Medicinal Plant 4(4) 510-518
Manco M Calvani M and Mingrone G (2004) Effects of dietary fatty
acids on insulin sensitivity and secretion Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism
6 402ndash413
Manian R Anusuya N Siddhuraju P and Manian S (2008) The
antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging potential of two different
solvent extracts of Camellia sinensis (L) O Kuntz Ficus bengalensis L and
Ficus racemosa L Food Chemistry 107 1000ndash1007
Marchand LL Murphy SP Hankin JH Wilkens LR Kolonel LN
(2000) J Natl Cancer Inst 92 154
Marchesini G Bugianesi E Forlani G Cerrelli F Lenzi M Manini
R Natale S Vanni E Villanova N Melchionda N and Rizzetto M
(2003) Nonalcoholic fatty liver steatohepatitis and the metabolic syndrome
Hepatology 37 917ndash 923
Mari M Caballero F Colell A Morales A Caballeria J Fernandez
A Enrich C Fernandez-Checa JC and Garcia-Ruiz C (2006)
Mitochondrial free cholesterol loading sensitizes to TNF and Fas-meidated
steatohepatitis Cell Metabolism 4 185ndash198
Marimuthu P Wu CL Chang HT and Chang ST (2008) Antioxidant
activity of the ethanolic extract from the bark of Chamaecyparis obtuse var
Formosana J Sci Food Agric 88
Mariod AA Ibrahim RM Ismail M and Ismail N (2009) Antioxidant
activity and phenolic content of phenolic rich fractions obtained from black
cumin (Nigella sativa) seedcake Food Chemistry 116 306ndash312
Maron DJ (2004) Flavonoids for reduction of atherosclerotic risk Curr
Atheroscler Rep 6 73-78
Marra F Gastaldelli A Svegliati Baroni G Tell G and Tiribelli C
(2008) Molecular basis and mechanisms of progression of non-alcoholic
steatohepatitis Trends Mol Med 14 72ndash81
Mason JS Morize I Menard PR Cheney DL Hulme C and
Labaudiniere RF (1999) J Med Chem 42 3251e3264
Mates JM Perez-Gomez C and Decastro IN (1999) Clin Chem 32
595-603
Matsuzawa N Takamura T Kurita S Misu H Ota T Ando H
Yokoyama M Honda M Zen Y Nakanuma Y Miyamoto K and
Kaneko S (2007) Lipid-induced oxidative stress causes steatohepatitis in
mice fed an atherogenic diet Hepatology 46 1392ndash1403
Matsuzawa Y Shimomura I Nakamura T Keno Y Kotani K and
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obesity Obes Res 3 187Sndash194S
Matteoni C Younossi Z Gramlich T Boparai N and Liu Y (1999)
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease a spectrum of clinical and pathological
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Matthaei S StumvollM Kellerer M and Haring (2000) Endocr H-U
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Matthew Ricci (2008) NAFLD (Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease) A
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Matthew Cave Ion Deaciuc Christian Mendez Zhenyuan Song Swati
Joshi-Barve Shirish Barve Craig McClain (2007) Nonalcoholic fatty liver
disease predisposing factors and the role of nutrition Journal of Nutritional
Biochemistry 18 184ndash 195
Mavrelis PG Ammon HV Gleysteen JJ Komorowski RA and
Charaf UK (1983) Hepatic free fatty acids in alcoholic liver disease and
morbid obesity Hepatology 3 226ndash231
Mayes AP (1993) Structure and function of the lipid soluble vitamins In
Murray KR Graner KD Mayes AP and Rodwell WV Harperlsquos
Biochemistry Chap 53 Prentice-Hall International Inc 23rd
edition 588-
590
Mazur A Bayle D Lab C Rock E and Rayssiguier Y (1999)
Inhibitory effect of procyanidin-rich extracts on LDL oxidation in vitro
Atherosclerosis 145 421ndash422
McCay PB (1985) Vitamin E Interactions with free radicals and
ascorbate Ann Rev Nutr 5 323-340
McCullough AJ (2004) The clinical features diagnosis and natural history
of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Clinics in Liver Disease 8 521ndash533
McDougall GJ Dobson P Smith P Blake A and Stewart D (2005)
Assessing potential bioavallability of raspberry anthocyanins using an in
vitro digestion system Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53(15)
5896minus5904
Mehta B K Sharma U Pandit V Agrawal S Joshi N and Gupta M
(2008) Med Chem Res 17 462ndash473
Meng EC Shoichet BK and Kuntz ID (2004) Automated docking
with grid-based energy evaluation Journal of Computational Chemistry 13
(4) 505ndash524 doi101002jcc540130412
Merchant JR Bakshi VM and Engineer AB (1979) Chemical
investigation of fruits of Ficus glomerata Roxb Indian J Chem 17B 87ndash88
Mervat MM and Taie HAA (2009) Antioxidant activities total
anthocyanins phenolics and flavonoids contents of some sweet potato
genotypes under stress of different concentrations of sucrose and sorbito
Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 3(4) 3609-3616
Meydani M (2000) Vitamin E and prevention of heart disease in high-risk
patients Nutr Rev 58 278-281
Meyer SA and Kulkarni AP (2001) Hepatotoxicity in Introduction to
biochemical toxicology 3rd
Edition edited by E Hodgson and R C Smart (A
John Wiley amp Sons Inc New York) 487
Mezzetti A Di Ilio C Calafiore AM Aceto A Marzio L Frederici G
and Cuccurullo F (1990) Glutathione peroxidase glutathione reductase and
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Cell Cardiol 22 935-938
Michael Metz (2005) Liver function tests IMVS News letter 57
Michalak A (2006) Phenolic compounds and their antioxidant activity in
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523-530
Milagro FI Campioacuten J and Martiacutenez JA (2006) Weight gain induced
by high-fat feeding involves increased liver oxidative stress Obesity (Silver
Spring) 14 1118ndash1123
Miliauskas G Venskutonis PR and Van Beek TA (2004) Screening of
radical scavenging activity of some medicinal and aromatic plant extracts
Food Chemistry 85 231ndash237
Ming M Guanhua L Zhanhai Y Guang C and Xuan Z (2009) Effect
of the Lycium barbarum polysaccharides administration on blood lipid
metabolism and oxidative stress of mice fed high-fat diet in vivo Food
Chemistry 113 872ndash877
Misra A Khurana L Vikram NK Goel A and Wasir JS (2007)
Metabolic syndrome in children current issues and South Asian perspective
Nutrition 23(11ndash12)895ndash910
Misra A Misra R Wijesuriya M and Banerjee D (2007) The metabolic
syndrome in south Asians continuing escalation amp possible solutions Indian
J Med Res 125(3)345ndash54
Misra A Vikram NK (2004) Insulin resistance syndrome (metabolic
syndrome) and obesity in Asian Indians Evidence and implications
Nutrition 20482ndash491
Mithra SK Seshadri SJ Venkataranganna MV Gopumadhavan S
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formulation in galactosamine induced hepatopathy in rats Indian J Physiol
Pharmacol 44 82-86
Modi KP Patel NM and Goyal R K (2008) Estimation of L-topaf from
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mushroom against rat liver oxidative damage and fibrosis induced by CCL4
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Mohan V (2004) Why are Indians more prone to diabetes J Assoc Phys
India 52468ndash474
Mohan V and Deepa R (2006) Adipocytokines and The expanding Asian
Indian Phenotype J Assoc Physic Ind 54 685-6
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Moon YJ Wang X Morris and ME (2006) Toxicol In Vitro 20 187
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Morris GM Goodsell DS Halliday RS Huey R Hart WE Belew
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Moss DW and Butterorth PJ (1974) Enzymology and Medicine London
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risk factor study Br J Nutr 100 (4) 890ndash895
Musso G Gambino R and Cassader M (2009) Recent insights into
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Progress in Lipid Research 48 1e26
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steatohepatitis Hepatology 37 909ndash16
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Nakamoto K Takayama F Mankura M Hidaka Y Egashira T and
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Nanji AA (2004b) Another animal model for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
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Nanji AA (2004a) Animal models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and
steatohepatitis Clinics in Liver Disease 8 (3) 559ndash574 (ix)
Neuhouser ML (2004) Flavonoids and cancer risk evidence from human
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Neuschwander-Tetri BA and Caldwell SH (2003) Nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis summary of an AASLD single topic conference Hepatology
371202ndash19
Newman DJ Cragg GM and Snader KM (2000) The influence of
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Nzowa LK Barboni L Teponno RB Ricciutelli M Lupidi G Luana
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Rheediinosides A and B two antiproliferative and antioxidant triterpene
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(Fam Verbanaceae) extrct in animals Afr J Biotecnol 8(9) 1793-1799
Ogbonnia S Adekunle AA Bosa MK and Enwuru VN (2008)
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Oguzhan B Sancho V Acitores A Villanueva-Penacarrillo ML
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Entada saponin-III a saponin isolated from the bark of Entada phaseoloides
Phytochemistry 26 2789ndash2796
Okada Y Shibata S Javellana AMJ and Kamo O (1988) Entada
saponins (ES) II and IV from the bark of Entada phaseoloides Chemical and
Pharmaceutical Bulletin 36 1264ndash1269
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Oteiza PI Erlejman AG Verstraeten SV Keen CL and Fraga CG
(2005) Flavonoidndashmembrane interaction a protective role of flavonoids at
the membrane surface Clin Dev Immunol 12 (1) 19ndash25
Owen R W Giacosa A Hull W E Haubner R Spiegelhalder B and
Bartsh H (2000) The antioxidantanticancer potential of phenolic
compounds isolated from olive oil European Journal of Cancer 36 1235ndash
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Oyaizu M (1986) Studies on product of browning reaction prepared from
glucose amine Japanese Journal of Nutrition 44307-315
Ozcan U Cao Q Yilmaz E Lee AH Iwakoshi NN and Ozdelen E
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diabetes Science 306457ndash61
Ozturk-Urek R Bozkaya LA and Tarhan L (2001) The effects of some
antioxidant vitamins and trace elements supplemented diets on activities of
SOD CAT GSH-Px and LPO levels in chicken tissues Cell Biochemistry
and Function 19 125ndash132
Pacheco-Alvarez D Solorzano-Vargas RS and Leon-Del-Rio A (2002)
Biotin in metabolism and its relationship tohuman disease Arch Med Res
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Pacher P Beckman JS and Liaudet L (1997) (Nitric oxide and
peroxynitrite in health and disease Physiol Rev 87 (1) 315ndash424
Pacher P Beckman JS and Liaudet L (2007) Nitric oxide and
peroxynitrite In health and disease Physiological Reviews 87(1) 315ndash424
Paetau I Khachik F Brown ED Beecher GR Kramer TR and
Chittams J (1998a) Bioavailability of tomato carotenoids from lycopene-
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Pan HZ Zhang H Chang D Li H and Sui H (2008) The change of
oxidative stress products in diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy Br J
Ophthalmol 92 548ndash51
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tissue growth factor expression a potential mechanism involved in
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44
Paranjpe P (2001) Indian Medicinal Plants Forgotten Healers A Guide to
Ayurvedic Herbal Medicine Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratisthan Delhi p316
Park CH Yamabe N Noh JS Kang KS Tanaka T Yokozawa T
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and lipid metabolism in the liver of dbdb mice Biol Pharm Bull 32 1734ndash
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Parrotta JA (2006) Healing Plants of Peninsular India CABI Publishing
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Patchett AA and Nargund RP (2000) Annu Rep Med Chem 35
289e298
Pauly Nicolas Pucciariello C Mandon K Innocenti G Jamet A
Baudouin E Herouart D Frendo P and Puppo A (2006) Reactive
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Peach and Tracey MV (1955) In modern methods of plant analyse 4
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Perez C Canal JR and Torres MD (2003) Experimental diabetes treated
with Ficus carica extract effect on oxidative stress parameters Acta
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Perez-Amador MC Ocotero VM Castaneda JMG and Esquinca
ARG (2007) Alkaloids in Solanum torvum Sw (Solanaceae) International
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Perry G Cash AD Srinivas R and Smith MA (2002) Metals and
oxidative homeostasis in Alzheimerlsquos disease Drug Development and
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Pietta PG (2000) Flavonoids and antioxidants J Nat Prod 63 1035-
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Pignatelli P Pulcinelli FM and Lenti L (1998) Hydrogen Peroxide Is
Involved in Collagen-Induced Platelet Activation Blood 91 (2) 484-490
Pirola L Johnston AM Van Obberghen E (2004) Modulation of insulin
action Diabetologia 47170ndash84
Pitchersky E and Gang DR (2000) Genetics and biochemistry of
secondary metabolites in plants An evolutionary perspective Trends Plant
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Pompella A Visvikis A and Paolicchi A (2003) The changing faces of
glutathione a cellular protagonist [J] Biochem Pharmacl 66(8) 1499-1503
Prasad K (2010) Effects of vitamin E on serum enzymes and electrolytes in
hypercholesterolemia Molecular Cellular Biochemistry 335 67ndash74
Prasamthi Muralidhara K and Rajini PS (2005) Fenvalerate-induced
oxidative damage in rat tissues and its attenuation by dietary sesame oil
Food Chem Toxicol 43 299ndash306
Pryor WA (1993) Measurement of oxidative stress status in humans
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2 289-292
Puppo A (1992) Effect of flavonoids on hydroxyl radical formation by
Fenton-type reactions influence of the iron chelator Phytochemistry 31
85ndash88
Rachna A and Abdelhaq R (2003) Redistribution of glucose-6-phosphate
dehydrogenase in response to cerebral ischemia in rat brain Indian J Clin
Biochem 18 64-70
Rahman NN Khan M and Hasan R (1994) Bioactive components from
Ficus glomerata Pure and Applied Chemistry 66 2287ndash2290
Rajesh MG and Latha MS (2004) Preliminary evaluation of the
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Rajkapoor B Anandan R and Jayakar B (2002) Anti-ulcer effect of
Nigella sativa Linn against gastric ulcers in rats Curr Sci 82 177ndash179
Ramadan MF (2007) Nutritional value functional properties and
nutraceutical applications of black cumin (Nigella sativa L) an overview
International Journal of Food Science and Technology 42 1208ndash1218
Ramadan MF and Moumlrsel JT (2004) Oxidative stability of black cumin
(Nigella sativa L) coriander (Coriandrum sativum L) and niger (Guizotia
abyssinica Cass) crude seed oils upon stripping Eur J Lipid Sci Technol
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Randhawa MA and Al-Ghamdi MS (2002) A review of the
pharmacotherapeutic effects of Nigella sativa Pakistan Journal of Medical
Research 41 77ndash83
Rao BR Murugresan T Sinha S Saha BP Pal M and Mandal SC
(2002) Glucose lowering efficacy of Ficus racemosa barks extract in normal
and alloxan diabetic rats Phytotherapy Research 16 590ndash592
Rao CV Arti R Verma M Vijayakumar S Rastogi (2008)
Gastroprotective effect of standardized extract of Ficus glomerata fruit on
experimental gastric ulcers in rats Journal of Ethnopharmacology 115
323ndash326
Rao KS (2009) Free radical induced oxidative damage to DNA relation to
brain aging and neurological disorders Indian J Biochem Biophys 46 9ndash15
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
Evans C (1999) Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231ndash1237
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
Evans C (1999) Antioxidant activity applying in an improved radical cation
decolorisation assay Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231-1237
Recknagel RO Glende EA JR Waller RL and Loery K (1982) Lipid
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ed New York Academic
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Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis association of insulin resistance and
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Sun Q Ma J Campos H Hankinson SE Manson JE and Stampfer
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Vinson JA Zubik L Bose P Samman N Proch J (2005) Dried fruits
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Wang Y Beydoun MA Liang L Caballero B and Kumanyika SK
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PMID 15046985
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Preparation and Pharmacological evaluation of plant material England John
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World Health Organisation (2006) Obesity and overweight Fact sheet 311
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Wouters K van Gorp PJ Bieghs V Gijbels MJ Duimel H
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Rev Mol Cell Biol 9 162ndash176
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Yamaguchi K Yang L McCall S Huang J Yu XX Pandey SK
Bhanot S Monia BP Li YX and Diehl AM (2007) Inhibiting
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Yang H Roberts LJ Jian Shi M Chun Zhou Li Ballard BR
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Yang JS Lee SJ Park HW and Cha YS (2006) Effect of genistein
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Yang RL Li W Shi YH and Le GW (2008) Lipoic acid prevents
high-fat dietndashinduced dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress A microarray
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Yang S Zhu H Li Y Lin H Gabrielson K Trush MA and Diehl
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Yao D Shi W Gou Y Zhou X Yee Aw T Zhou Y and Liu Z
(2005) Fatty acid-mediated intracellular iron translocation a synergistic
mechanism of oxidative injury Free Radic Biol Med 39(10) 1385ndash1398
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plasma of rats deficient in choline Biochem Cell Biol 68 552-558
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Role of adiponectin in the protective action of dietary saturated fat against
alcoholic fatty liver in mice Hepatology 42 568ndash577
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spontaneous lipid peroxidation following glutathione depletion Plant Med
43 240-245
Yu L Haley S Perret J Harris M Wilson J and Qian M (2002) Free
radical scavenging properties of wheat extracts J Agri Food Chem 50
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Yun SN Moon SJ Ko SK Im BO and Chung SH (2004) Wild
ginseng prevents the onset of high-fat diet induced hyperglycemia and
obesity in ICR mice Arch Pham Res 27 790ndash6
Zak B (1954) Cholesterol Methodologies A review Clin Chem 23 1201
Zhai S Dai R Friedman FK and Vestal RE (1998) Drug Metab
Dispos 26 989
Zhang HM Chen SW Zhang LS and Feng XF (2008) The effects of
soy isoflavone on insulin sensitivity and adipocytokines in insulin resistant
rats administered with high-fat diet Nat Prod Res 22 1637ndash1649
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glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase via cAMP in aortic endothelial cells J
Biol Chem 275 40042-40047
Zhao B (2009) Natural antioxidants protect neurons in Alzheimerlsquos disease
and Parkinsonlsquos disease Neurochem Res 34 630ndash8
Zheng S Hoos L Cook J Tetzloff G Harry DJ and Van Heek M
(2008) Ezetimibe improves high fat and cholesterol diet-induced non-
alcoholic fatty liver disease Vascular Health and Risk Management 4 235ndash
241
Zhu X Zhang W Pang X Wang J Zhao J and Qu W (2011)
Hypolipidaemic effect of n-butanol extract from Asparagus officinalis L in
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L Goodly (Ed) Diagnostic Enzymology (pp 1ndash38) Philadelphia USA
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Foyer CH and Halliwell B (1976) The presence of glutathione activation
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biological action of saponins in animal systems a review British Journal of
Nutrition 88 587ndash605
Frei B and Higdon JV (2003) Antioxidant activity of tea polyphenols in
vivo evidence from animal studies J Nutr 133 3275Sndash84S
Fromenty B Robin MA Igoudjil A Mansouri A and Pessayre D
(2004) The ins and outs of mitochondrial dysfunction in NASH Diabetes amp
Metabolism 30 121ndash138
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Acta 1772 718-736
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Girish S Achliya Sudhir Wadodkar G Avinash and Dorle K (2004)
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induced hepatic damage in rats J Ethanopharmacology 90 229-232
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adipocytes and vascular function J Clin Endocrinol Metab 892563ndash2568
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body fat Physiol Behav 94 164ndash8
Grattagliano I Caraceni P Calamita G Ferri D Gargano I Palasciano
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Liver 40th
di Elsevier 1858
Green RM and Flamm S (2002) AGA Technical review of evaluation of
liver chemistry tests Gasteroenteerology 123 1367-1384
Grill V and Bjoumlrklund A (2009) Impact of metabolic abnormalities for
beta cell function clinical significance and underlying mechanisms Mol
Cell Endocrinol 297 86ndash92
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improvement for nutritional and health benefits Curr Opin Biotechnol 13
508ndash511
Guumllccedilin I Mshvildadze V Gepdiremen A and Elias R (2004)
Antioxidant activity of saponins isolated from ivy a-hederin hederasaponin-
C hederacolchiside-E and hederacolchiside-F Planta Medica 70 561ndash563
Guumllccedilin I Mshvildadze VA Gepdiremen A and Elias R (2006) The
antioxidant activity of a triterpenoid glycoside isolated from the berries of
Hedera colchica 3-O-(b-D-glucopyranosyl)-hederagenin Phytotherapy
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Gulcin Buyukokuroglu ME Oktay M and Kufrevioglu O (2003)
Antioxidant and analgesic activities of turpentine of Pinus nigra Arn Subsp
Pallsiana (Lamb) Holmboe J Ethanopharm 86 51-58
Guo C Yang J Wei J Li Y Xu J and Jiang Y (2003) Antioxidant
activities of peel pulp and seed fractions of common fruits as determined by
FRAP assay Nutrition Research 23 1719ndash1726
Gupta R and Misra A (2007) Type 2 diabetes in India regional
disparities Br J Diab Vasc Dis 7(1)12ndash6
Gurumoorthy V Hindu Jan-23rd 2011
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superoxide in inflammation and immune regulation Journal of Physiology
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Haddad M Miyamoto T Laurens V and Lacaille-Dubois MA (2003)
Two new biologically active triterpenoidal saponins acylated with salicylic
acid from Albizia adianthifolia Journal of Natural Products 66 372ndash377
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and hepatoprotective effects of silibinin in a rat model of nonalcoholic
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Halliwell B (1993) The role of oxygen radicals in human disease with
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Halliwell B (1994) Free radicals antioxidants and human disease
curiosity cause or consequence Lancet 344 721ndash724
Halliwell B (1996) Antioxidants in human health and disease Annual
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Halliwell B (2002) Effect of diet on cancer development is oxidative DNA
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antioxidants in biological systems Free Radical Biol Med 18 125ndash126
Halliwell B and Gutteridge JMC (1999) Free Radicals in Biology and
Medicine Oxford Oxford University Press 347ndash352
Halliwell B Aeschbach R Loliger J and Aruoma OI (1995) The
characterization of antioxidant Food Chem Toxicol 33 601-617
Halliwell B Gutteridge JM and Cross CE (1992) Free radicals
antioxidants and human disease where are we now J Lab Clin Med 119
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Halliwell B Gutteridge MC and Aruoma OI (1987) The deoxyribose
method a simple test tube assay for determination of rate constants for
reactions of hydroxyl radicals Analytical Biochemistry 165 215ndash219
Hamed and Manal A (2011) Beneficial effect of Ficus religiosa Linn on
high-fat-diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in rats Food Chemistry 129
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Handa SS Sharma A and Charaborti KK (1986) Natural products and
plants as lives protecting drugs Fitoterpia 57 307-45
Hansson A Zelada JC and Noriega HP (2005) Revaluations of risks
with the use of Ficus insipid latex as a traditional anthelmintic remedy in the
Amazon Journal of Ethnopharmacology 98 251ndash257
Harada N Oda Z Hara Y Fujinami K Okawa M Ohbuchi K
Yonemoto M Ikeda Y Ohwaki K Aragane K Tamai Y Kusunoki
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Harborne JB (1973) Phytochemical methods Chapman and Hall New
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Harbrone JBC (1973) Phytochemical methods Chapman and Hall
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Harrison P Degen SJ Williams R and Farzaneh F (1994) Hepatic
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Harvey AL (2008) Drug Discov Today 13 894e901
Harwood H J Jr Petras SF Shelly LD Zaccaro LM Perry DA
Makowski MR Hargrove DM Martin KA Tracey WR Chapman
JG Magee WP Dalvie DK Soliman VF Martin WH Mularski CJ
and Eisenbeis SA (2003) J Biol Chem 278 37099
Harwood H J Jr (2004) Acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibition for the
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Hassan II Askar AA Gehan A EL-Shourbagy A (2004) Influence of
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of broiler chicks Egypt Poult Sci 24 247ndash266
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Biochem Biophys 395 137-145
Haynes P Liangpunsakul S and Chalasani N (2004) Nonalcoholic fatty
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Hedge JE and Hofreiter BT (1962) Detremination of reducing sugars
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388-389
Hedge K Joshi AB (2009) Hepatoprotective effect of Carissa carandus
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Heibatollah S Reza NM Izadpanah G and Sohailla S (2008)
Hepatoprotective effect of Cichorium intybus on CCl4 induced liver damage
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Helader L M Alakomi H-L Latva-Kala K Mattila- Sandholm T Pol
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Heuman DM Pandak WM Hylemon PB and Vlahzevic ZR (1991)
Conjugates of ursodeoxycholate protect against cytotoxicity of more
hydrophobic bile salts Hepatology 14 920ndash926
Higuchi N Kato M and Shundo Y (2008) LiverXreceptor in cooperation
with SREBP-1c is a major lipid synthesis regulator in nonalcoholic fatty
liver disease Hepatol Res 38(11) 1122ndash9
Hileman EO Liu J Albitar M Keating MJ and Huang P (2004)
Intrinsic oxidative stress in cancer cells a biochemical basis for therapeutic
selectivity Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 53 209ndash19
Hillwell B (1994) Free radicals antioxidants and human disease Curiosity
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Hirabara SM Silveira LR Abdulkader F Carvalho CR Procopio J
and Curi R (2007) Time-dependent effects of fatty acids on skeletal muscle
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106 1219-1228
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erythrocyte superoxide dismutase with hydrogen peroxide
chemiluminescence and peroxidation Biochemistry 14 5299ndash5303
Holley AE and Cheeseman KH (1993) Measuring free radical reactions
in vivo British Medical Bulletin 49 494ndash505
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Houghton P J Zarka R Heras B and Hoult JRS (1995) Fixed oil of
Nigella sativa and derived thymoquinone inhibit eicosanoid generation in
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Houstis N Rosen ED Lander ES (2006) Reactive oxygen species have
a causal role in multiple forms of insulin resistance Nature 440944ndash8
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22amprankfrac145 (accessed 170609)
Hu C and Kitts DD (2005) Dendelion (Taraxacum officinale) flower
extract suppresses both reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide and prevents
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Inzucchi SE (2002) Oral antihyperglycemic therapy for type 2 diabetes
scientific review Journal of American Medical Association 287 360ndash372
Iovin Nicole M Seema Pursnani Voldman A Wasserman G Blaser
MJ and Weinrauch Y (2008) Reactive nitrogen species contribute to
innate host defense against Camoylobacter jjuni Infection and Immunity
76(3) 986-93
Ismail M Ghanya Al-Naqeep Kim Wei Chan (2010) Nigella sativa
thymoquinone-rich fraction greatly improves plasma antioxidant capacity
and expression of antioxidant genes in hypercholesterolemic rats Free
Radical Biology amp Medicine 48 664ndash672
Itagaki S Kurokawa T Nakata C Saito Y Oikawa S Kobayashi T
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ferulic acid a comparative study with other natural oxidation inhibitors
Food Chem 114 466ndash471
Jacob RA (1995) The integrated antioxidant system Nutrition Research
15 755-766
Jain S Dixit Malviya N and Ambawata V (2009) Antioxidant and
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Jakoby WB and Habig WH (1998) Glutathione transferases In Jakoby
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James O and Day C (1999) Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis another disease
of affluence Lancet 353 (9165) 1634ndash1636
Jayasooriya A P Sakono M and Yukizaki C (2000) Effects of
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Johnson IT (2004) New approaches to the role of diet in the prevention of
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streptozotocin diabetes on some urea cycle enzyme Biochem BiophysRes
Commun 106 37-43
Joven J Rull A Ferreacute N Escolagrave-Gil JC Marsillach J Coll B
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Juntachote T and Berghofer E (2005) Antioxidative properties and
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Juurlink BH and Paterson PG (1998) Review of oxidative stress in brain
and spinal cord injury suggestions for pharmacological and nutritional
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Kajikawa S Tsuyoshi Harada Akiko Kawashima Kazunori Imada and
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galactosamine-induced hepatitis in mice fed with a high-fathigh-sucrose
diet Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1791 281ndash288
Kakkar P Das B and Vishwanathan P N (1984) A modified
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Kallwitz ER McLachlan A and Cotler SJ (2008) Role of peroxisome
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Kamal-Eldin A and Appelqvist LA (1996) The chemistry and antioxidant
properties of tocopherols and tocotrienols Lipids 31 671-701
Kamat JP Boloor KK Devasagayam TPA and Venkatachalam SR
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Kantartzis K Peter A Machicao F Machann J Wagner S
Koumlnigsrainer I Koumlnigsrainer A Schick F Fritsche A Haumlring HU
and Stefan N (2009) Diabetes 58 2616ndash2623
Kappus H (1991) Lipid peroxidation-mechanism and biological relevance
In O I Aruoma amp B Halliwell (Eds) Free radicals and food additives (pp
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Karan M Vasisht K and Handa SS (1999) Antihepatotoxic activity of
Swrtia chirata on paracetamol and galactosamine induced hepatotoxicity in
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Kataria M and Singh LN (1997) Hepatoprotective effect of Liv-52 and
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Katina K Arendt E Liukkonen KH Autio K Flander L and Poutanen
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Kaufmann (1999) National products of high pharmacological potency
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Kechagias S Ernersson A Dahlqvist O Lundberg P Lindstrom T and
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Kefalas P Kallithraka S Parejo I and Makris DP (2003) Food Sci
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Kelloff GJ Boone CW Crowell JA Steele VE Lubet RA Doody
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Khan MS Nema N Kharya MD and Khanam S (2009)
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Khan N and Sultana ST (2005) Chemomodulatory effect of Ficus
racemosa extract against chemically induced renal carcinogenesis and
oxidative damage response in Wistar rats Life Sciences 77 1194ndash1210
Kim YS Bahn KN Hah CK Gang HI and Ha YL (2008)
Inhibition of 712-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene induced mouse skin
carcinogenesis by Artemisia capillaries J Food Sci 73 T16ndash20
Kim YY Kang HJ Ko SK and Chung SH (2002) Sopungsungiwon
(SP) prevents the onset of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in Zucker
diabetic fatty rats Archives Pharmacal Research 25 923ndash931
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King J (1965b) The dehydrogenase or oxidoreductase-Lactate
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Kinnunen PK (1991) On the principles of functional ordering in biological
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Nature reviews Drug discovery 3(11) 935ndash49 doi101038nrd1549
PMID 15520816
Kiyici M Gulten M Gurel S Nak SG Dolar E and Savci G (2003)
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Koek GH et al Clinica Chimica Acta xxx (2011) xxxndashxxx Koek GH et
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Koumlksal E Guumllccedilin İ Ozturk Sarıkaya S B and Bursal E (2009) In vitro
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Kondo K Hirano R Matsumoto A Igarashi O and Itakura H (1996)
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Koneacute WM Atindehou KK Terreaux C Hostettmann K Traoreacute D
and Dosso M (2004) Traditional medicine in North Cocircte-DlsquoIvoire
Screening of 50 medicinal plants for antibacterial activity Journal of
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Koppe SW Elias M Moseley RH and Green RM (2009) Trans fat
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insulin resistance compared with a standard murine high-fat diet Am J
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Korchak HM (1962) Regulation of hepatic lipogenesis Tufts Folia Med
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Kordali S Cakir A Mavi A Kilic H and Yildirim A (2005) Screening
of chemical composition and antifungal and antioxidant activities of the
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and Food Chemistry 53 1408ndash1416
Koruk M Savascedil MC Yilmaz O Tayscedil iS Karakok M Guumlndolsquogdu C
and Yilmaz A (2003) Serum lipids lipoproteins and apolipoproteins levels
in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Journal of Clinical
Gastroenterology 37 177ndash182
Kotani K Peroni OD Minokoshi Y Boss O and Kahn BB (2004)
GLUT4 glucose transporter deficiency increases hepatic lipid production and
peripheral lipid utilization J Clin Invest 114 1666ndash1675
Koteish A and Diehl AM (2002) Animal models of steatohepatitis Best
Kotronen A Seppanen-Laakso T and Westerbacka J (2009) Hepatic
stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD)-1 activity and diacylglycerol but not
ceramide concentrations are increased in the nonalcoholic human fatty liver
Diabetes 58(1) 203ndash8
Kowdley KV (2000) Ursodeoxycholic acid therapy in hepatobiliary
disease Am J Med 108 481ndash486
Kraegen EW Clark PW Jenkins AB Daley EA Chisholm DJ and
Storlien LH (1991) Development of muscle insulin resistance after liver insulin
resistance in high-fat-fed rats Diabetes 40 1397 ndash 1403
Kresge N Simoni RD and Hill RL (2006) Forty years of superoxide
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17-19
Krishnamoorthy V Divianathan S Subramanian B and Shanmugam M
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7 330-338
Kroumltz F Sohn HY and Gloe T (2002) Oxidase-dependent platelet
superoxide anion release incrj5eases platelet recruitment Blood 100 917-
924
Kulinski A Vance DE and Vance JE (2004) A choline-deficient diet in
mice inhibits neither the CDP-choline pathway for phosphatidylcholine
synthesis in hepatocytes nor apolipoprotein B secretion J Biol Chem 279
23916-23924
Kumar G Sharmila Banu G Kannan V and Rajasekarapandian M
(2005) Antihepatotoxic effect of β-carotene on paracetamol induced hepatic
damage in rats Indian J Exp Biol 43 351-355
Kumar V Rani A Dixit A K Pratap D and Bhatnagar D (2010) A
comparative assessment of total phenolic content ferric reducing-anti-
oxidative power free radical-scavenging activity vitamin C and isoflavones
content in soybean with varying seed coat colour Food Research
International 43 323minus328
Kumpulainen JT and Salonen JT (1999) Natural Antioxidants and
Anticarcinogens in Nutrition Health and Disease the Royal Society of
Chemistry UK 178-187
Kuo YH and Li YC (2000) Four new compounds ficusal
ficusesquilignan A B and ficusolide diacetate from the heartwood of Ficus
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59
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Lansky EP Helena M Paavilainena Alison D Pawlus B Robert A
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Le PM Benhaddou-Andaloussi A Elimadi A Settaf A Cherrah Y
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Polyunsaturated fat in the methionine-choline-deficient diet influences
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Dietary carvacrol lowers body weight gain but improves feed conversion in
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Lieber CS Leo MA Mak KM Xu Y Cao Q Ren C
Ponomarenko A and DeCarli LM (2004) Model of nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 79(3) 502ndash509
Lin J Yang R Tarr PT Wu PH Handschin C and Li S (2005)
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Pathophysiology Concepts of Altered Health States Seventh edition 2008
Liu C H Hung M T and Huang P C (1995) Source of triacylglycerol
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Liu F and Ng TB (2000) Antioxidative and free radical scavenging
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Liu F Ooi VEC and Chang S T (1997) Free radical scavenging
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Liu L and Meydani M (2002) Combined vitamin C and E
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Lopez-Garcia E Schulze MB Meigs JB Manson JE Rifai N and
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Louchami K Zhang Y Oguzhan B Delporte C Portois L and
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inflammation and atherogenesis Endocrinology 144 2195ndash2200
Mabrouk GM Moselhy SS Zohny SF Ali EM Helal TE Amin
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Clinical Cancer Research 21 (3) 341ndash346
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Mahmoud MR El-Abhar HS and Saleh S (2002) The effect of Nigella
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Makino I Shinozaki K Yoshino K and Nakagawa S (1975)
Dissolution of cholesterol gallstones by long-term administration of
ursodeoxycholic acid Nippon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi 72 690ndash702
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Medicinal Plant 4(4) 510-518
Manco M Calvani M and Mingrone G (2004) Effects of dietary fatty
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6 402ndash413
Manian R Anusuya N Siddhuraju P and Manian S (2008) The
antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging potential of two different
solvent extracts of Camellia sinensis (L) O Kuntz Ficus bengalensis L and
Ficus racemosa L Food Chemistry 107 1000ndash1007
Marchand LL Murphy SP Hankin JH Wilkens LR Kolonel LN
(2000) J Natl Cancer Inst 92 154
Marchesini G Bugianesi E Forlani G Cerrelli F Lenzi M Manini
R Natale S Vanni E Villanova N Melchionda N and Rizzetto M
(2003) Nonalcoholic fatty liver steatohepatitis and the metabolic syndrome
Hepatology 37 917ndash 923
Mari M Caballero F Colell A Morales A Caballeria J Fernandez
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Mitochondrial free cholesterol loading sensitizes to TNF and Fas-meidated
steatohepatitis Cell Metabolism 4 185ndash198
Marimuthu P Wu CL Chang HT and Chang ST (2008) Antioxidant
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Mariod AA Ibrahim RM Ismail M and Ismail N (2009) Antioxidant
activity and phenolic content of phenolic rich fractions obtained from black
cumin (Nigella sativa) seedcake Food Chemistry 116 306ndash312
Maron DJ (2004) Flavonoids for reduction of atherosclerotic risk Curr
Atheroscler Rep 6 73-78
Marra F Gastaldelli A Svegliati Baroni G Tell G and Tiribelli C
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steatohepatitis Trends Mol Med 14 72ndash81
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Mates JM Perez-Gomez C and Decastro IN (1999) Clin Chem 32
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Matsuzawa N Takamura T Kurita S Misu H Ota T Ando H
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Matsuzawa Y Shimomura I Nakamura T Keno Y Kotani K and
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Matteoni C Younossi Z Gramlich T Boparai N and Liu Y (1999)
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Matthaei S StumvollM Kellerer M and Haring (2000) Endocr H-U
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Matthew Ricci (2008) NAFLD (Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease) A
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Matthew Cave Ion Deaciuc Christian Mendez Zhenyuan Song Swati
Joshi-Barve Shirish Barve Craig McClain (2007) Nonalcoholic fatty liver
disease predisposing factors and the role of nutrition Journal of Nutritional
Biochemistry 18 184ndash 195
Mavrelis PG Ammon HV Gleysteen JJ Komorowski RA and
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morbid obesity Hepatology 3 226ndash231
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Murray KR Graner KD Mayes AP and Rodwell WV Harperlsquos
Biochemistry Chap 53 Prentice-Hall International Inc 23rd
edition 588-
590
Mazur A Bayle D Lab C Rock E and Rayssiguier Y (1999)
Inhibitory effect of procyanidin-rich extracts on LDL oxidation in vitro
Atherosclerosis 145 421ndash422
McCay PB (1985) Vitamin E Interactions with free radicals and
ascorbate Ann Rev Nutr 5 323-340
McCullough AJ (2004) The clinical features diagnosis and natural history
of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Clinics in Liver Disease 8 521ndash533
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Assessing potential bioavallability of raspberry anthocyanins using an in
vitro digestion system Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53(15)
5896minus5904
Mehta B K Sharma U Pandit V Agrawal S Joshi N and Gupta M
(2008) Med Chem Res 17 462ndash473
Meng EC Shoichet BK and Kuntz ID (2004) Automated docking
with grid-based energy evaluation Journal of Computational Chemistry 13
(4) 505ndash524 doi101002jcc540130412
Merchant JR Bakshi VM and Engineer AB (1979) Chemical
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Meydani M (2000) Vitamin E and prevention of heart disease in high-risk
patients Nutr Rev 58 278-281
Meyer SA and Kulkarni AP (2001) Hepatotoxicity in Introduction to
biochemical toxicology 3rd
Edition edited by E Hodgson and R C Smart (A
John Wiley amp Sons Inc New York) 487
Mezzetti A Di Ilio C Calafiore AM Aceto A Marzio L Frederici G
and Cuccurullo F (1990) Glutathione peroxidase glutathione reductase and
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Milagro FI Campioacuten J and Martiacutenez JA (2006) Weight gain induced
by high-fat feeding involves increased liver oxidative stress Obesity (Silver
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Miliauskas G Venskutonis PR and Van Beek TA (2004) Screening of
radical scavenging activity of some medicinal and aromatic plant extracts
Food Chemistry 85 231ndash237
Ming M Guanhua L Zhanhai Y Guang C and Xuan Z (2009) Effect
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metabolism and oxidative stress of mice fed high-fat diet in vivo Food
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Misra A Khurana L Vikram NK Goel A and Wasir JS (2007)
Metabolic syndrome in children current issues and South Asian perspective
Nutrition 23(11ndash12)895ndash910
Misra A Misra R Wijesuriya M and Banerjee D (2007) The metabolic
syndrome in south Asians continuing escalation amp possible solutions Indian
J Med Res 125(3)345ndash54
Misra A Vikram NK (2004) Insulin resistance syndrome (metabolic
syndrome) and obesity in Asian Indians Evidence and implications
Nutrition 20482ndash491
Mithra SK Seshadri SJ Venkataranganna MV Gopumadhavan S
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Mohamed and Azza M (2008) The ameliorative actions of Agaricus blazei
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Mohan V (2004) Why are Indians more prone to diabetes J Assoc Phys
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Mohan V and Deepa R (2006) Adipocytokines and The expanding Asian
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steatohepatitis Hepatology 37 909ndash16
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Nakamoto K Takayama F Mankura M Hidaka Y Egashira T and
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Nanji AA (2004b) Another animal model for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
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Nutrition 79(3) 350ndash351
Nanji AA (2004a) Animal models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and
steatohepatitis Clinics in Liver Disease 8 (3) 559ndash574 (ix)
Neuhouser ML (2004) Flavonoids and cancer risk evidence from human
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Neuschwander-Tetri BA and Caldwell SH (2003) Nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis summary of an AASLD single topic conference Hepatology
371202ndash19
Newman DJ Cragg GM and Snader KM (2000) The influence of
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Nickavar B Mojab F Javidnia K and Amoli M AR (2003) Chemical
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Nzowa LK Barboni L Teponno RB Ricciutelli M Lupidi G Luana
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Rheediinosides A and B two antiproliferative and antioxidant triterpene
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Ogbonnia OS Nkemehule EF and Anyika NE (2009) Evaluation of
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Ogbonnia S Adekunle AA Bosa MK and Enwuru VN (2008)
Evaluation of acute and subacute toxicity of Alstnia congensis Engler
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Oguzhan B Sancho V Acitores A Villanueva-Penacarrillo ML
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Okada Y Shibata S Ikekawa T Javellana AMJ and Kamo O (1987)
Entada saponin-III a saponin isolated from the bark of Entada phaseoloides
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Okada Y Shibata S Javellana AMJ and Kamo O (1988) Entada
saponins (ES) II and IV from the bark of Entada phaseoloides Chemical and
Pharmaceutical Bulletin 36 1264ndash1269
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Oteiza PI Erlejman AG Verstraeten SV Keen CL and Fraga CG
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the membrane surface Clin Dev Immunol 12 (1) 19ndash25
Owen R W Giacosa A Hull W E Haubner R Spiegelhalder B and
Bartsh H (2000) The antioxidantanticancer potential of phenolic
compounds isolated from olive oil European Journal of Cancer 36 1235ndash
1247
Oyaizu M (1986) Studies on product of browning reaction prepared from
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Ozcan U Cao Q Yilmaz E Lee AH Iwakoshi NN and Ozdelen E
(2004) Endoplasmic reticulum stress links obesity insulin action and type 2
diabetes Science 306457ndash61
Ozturk-Urek R Bozkaya LA and Tarhan L (2001) The effects of some
antioxidant vitamins and trace elements supplemented diets on activities of
SOD CAT GSH-Px and LPO levels in chicken tissues Cell Biochemistry
and Function 19 125ndash132
Pacheco-Alvarez D Solorzano-Vargas RS and Leon-Del-Rio A (2002)
Biotin in metabolism and its relationship tohuman disease Arch Med Res
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Pacher P Beckman JS and Liaudet L (1997) (Nitric oxide and
peroxynitrite in health and disease Physiol Rev 87 (1) 315ndash424
Pacher P Beckman JS and Liaudet L (2007) Nitric oxide and
peroxynitrite In health and disease Physiological Reviews 87(1) 315ndash424
Paetau I Khachik F Brown ED Beecher GR Kramer TR and
Chittams J (1998a) Bioavailability of tomato carotenoids from lycopene-
rich tomato juice and lycopene supplements The FASEB Journal 12(4)
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Pan HZ Zhang H Chang D Li H and Sui H (2008) The change of
oxidative stress products in diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy Br J
Ophthalmol 92 548ndash51
Paradis V Perlemuter G Bonvoust F Dargere D Parfait B and
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tissue growth factor expression a potential mechanism involved in
progression to fibrosis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Hepatology 34738ndash
44
Paranjpe P (2001) Indian Medicinal Plants Forgotten Healers A Guide to
Ayurvedic Herbal Medicine Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratisthan Delhi p316
Park CH Yamabe N Noh JS Kang KS Tanaka T Yokozawa T
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and lipid metabolism in the liver of dbdb mice Biol Pharm Bull 32 1734ndash
1740
Parrotta JA (2006) Healing Plants of Peninsular India CABI Publishing
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Patchett AA and Nargund RP (2000) Annu Rep Med Chem 35
289e298
Pauly Nicolas Pucciariello C Mandon K Innocenti G Jamet A
Baudouin E Herouart D Frendo P and Puppo A (2006) Reactive
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Rhizobium symbiosis Journal of Experimental Botany 57 (8) 1769-76
Peach and Tracey MV (1955) In modern methods of plant analyse 4
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Perez C Canal JR and Torres MD (2003) Experimental diabetes treated
with Ficus carica extract effect on oxidative stress parameters Acta
Diabetologica 40 3ndash8
Perez-Amador MC Ocotero VM Castaneda JMG and Esquinca
ARG (2007) Alkaloids in Solanum torvum Sw (Solanaceae) International
Journal of Experimental Botany 76 39-45
Perry G Cash AD Srinivas R and Smith MA (2002) Metals and
oxidative homeostasis in Alzheimerlsquos disease Drug Development and
Research 56 293ndash299
Pietta PG (2000) Flavonoids and antioxidants J Nat Prod 63 1035-
1042
Pignatelli P Pulcinelli FM and Lenti L (1998) Hydrogen Peroxide Is
Involved in Collagen-Induced Platelet Activation Blood 91 (2) 484-490
Pirola L Johnston AM Van Obberghen E (2004) Modulation of insulin
action Diabetologia 47170ndash84
Pitchersky E and Gang DR (2000) Genetics and biochemistry of
secondary metabolites in plants An evolutionary perspective Trends Plant
Sci 5 445-459
Pompella A Visvikis A and Paolicchi A (2003) The changing faces of
glutathione a cellular protagonist [J] Biochem Pharmacl 66(8) 1499-1503
Prasad K (2010) Effects of vitamin E on serum enzymes and electrolytes in
hypercholesterolemia Molecular Cellular Biochemistry 335 67ndash74
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oxidative damage in rat tissues and its attenuation by dietary sesame oil
Food Chem Toxicol 43 299ndash306
Pryor WA (1993) Measurement of oxidative stress status in humans
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2 289-292
Puppo A (1992) Effect of flavonoids on hydroxyl radical formation by
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dehydrogenase in response to cerebral ischemia in rat brain Indian J Clin
Biochem 18 64-70
Rahman NN Khan M and Hasan R (1994) Bioactive components from
Ficus glomerata Pure and Applied Chemistry 66 2287ndash2290
Rajesh MG and Latha MS (2004) Preliminary evaluation of the
antihepatotoxic activity of Kamilari a polyherbal formulation J
Ethanopharmacology 91 99-104
Rajkapoor B Anandan R and Jayakar B (2002) Anti-ulcer effect of
Nigella sativa Linn against gastric ulcers in rats Curr Sci 82 177ndash179
Ramadan MF (2007) Nutritional value functional properties and
nutraceutical applications of black cumin (Nigella sativa L) an overview
International Journal of Food Science and Technology 42 1208ndash1218
Ramadan MF and Moumlrsel JT (2004) Oxidative stability of black cumin
(Nigella sativa L) coriander (Coriandrum sativum L) and niger (Guizotia
abyssinica Cass) crude seed oils upon stripping Eur J Lipid Sci Technol
106 35ndash43
Randhawa MA and Al-Ghamdi MS (2002) A review of the
pharmacotherapeutic effects of Nigella sativa Pakistan Journal of Medical
Research 41 77ndash83
Rao BR Murugresan T Sinha S Saha BP Pal M and Mandal SC
(2002) Glucose lowering efficacy of Ficus racemosa barks extract in normal
and alloxan diabetic rats Phytotherapy Research 16 590ndash592
Rao CV Arti R Verma M Vijayakumar S Rastogi (2008)
Gastroprotective effect of standardized extract of Ficus glomerata fruit on
experimental gastric ulcers in rats Journal of Ethnopharmacology 115
323ndash326
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brain aging and neurological disorders Indian J Biochem Biophys 46 9ndash15
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
Evans C (1999) Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231ndash1237
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
Evans C (1999) Antioxidant activity applying in an improved radical cation
decolorisation assay Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231-1237
Recknagel RO Glende EA JR Waller RL and Loery K (1982) Lipid
peroxidation ndashBiochemistry measurement and signified in liver cell injury in
toxicology in the liver edited by G L Plea and W R Hewilt (Raven press
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induced response of photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism in higher
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and benzyl adenine and dark- treated graving rice (Oryza sativa) leaves II
Changes in peroxidases activity Plant Cell Physiol 26 987- 994
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710-723
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York Plenum Press 279-292
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ed New York Academic
press 6 215-222
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activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids J Free Radic Biol
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Rinella ME Elias MS Smolak RR Fu T Borensztajn J and Green
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methionine choline-deficient diet J Lipid Res 491068ndash76
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efficacies of Cassia fistula An Indian labrum African Journal of Pharmacy
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Roberts CK Barnard RJ Sindhu RK Jurczak M Ehdaie A and
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and antioxidant enzymes in diet-induced metabolic syndrome Metabolism
55 928ndash934
Robertson G Leclercq I and Farrell GC (2001) Nonalcoholic steatosis
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Antioxidant properties of polyphenol-containing extract from soybean
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expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in a high fat-induced
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Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 63(3) 127minus133
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Interact 175 318ndash26
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antioxidant activities of various solvent extracts of Carissa opaca fruits
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Gastroenterology 123 1705ndash1725
Sanyal AJ Campbell-Sargent C Mirshahi F Rizzo WB Contos MJ
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Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis association of insulin resistance and
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Antioxidative properties of xanthan on the autoxidation of soybean oil in
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Antioxidant effect of aqueous extract of the bark of Ficus bengalensis in
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Singanan V Singana M and Begum H (2007) The hepatoprotective
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Singh M Govindarajan R Nath V Singh RAK and Mehrotra S
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Ethanopharamacology 107 67-72
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Sirisha N Sreenivasulu M Sangeeta K and Madhusudhana Chetty C
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Solga S Alkhuraishe AR and Clark JM (2004) Dietary composition
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Stadlbauer V Fickert P Lackner C Schmerlaib J Krisper P Trauner
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Sudhahar V Kumar SA and Varalakshmi P (2006) Role of lupeol and
lupeol linoleate on lipemicndashoxidative stress in experimental
hypercholesterolemia Life Science 78 1329ndash1335
Sun Q Ma J Campos H Hankinson SE Manson JE and Stampfer
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Sun WY Wei W Wu L Gui SY and Wang H (2007) Effects and
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Suresh PS Kumar A Kumar R and Singh VP (2008) An in silico
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J Mol Graph Model 26 (5) 845ndash9 doi101016jjmgm200705005
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Tapondjou AL Miyamoto T Mirjolet JF Guilbaud N and Lacaille-
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Targher G Bertolini L Padovani R Poli F Scala L Zenari L
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The natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver a follow-up study
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Tetri LH Basaranoglu M Brunt EM Yerian LM and Neuschwander-
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Tiwari O P and Tripathi Y B (2007) Antioxidant properties of different
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hepatic steatosis (fatty liver) on severity and composition of dyslipidemia in
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Tomomichi Chonan Hiroaki Tanaka Daisuke Yamamoto Miyoko Yashiro
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piperidinyl)-piperazine derivatives as potent acetyl-CoA carboxylase
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induced changes in body mass and hypothalamic gene expression in wild-
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Trivedi CP Shinde S and Sharma RC (1969) Preliminary
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Tundis R Bonesi M Deguin B Loizzo MR Menichini F Conforti F
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Eclalbatin triterpine saponins from Eclipta alba J Asian Nat Prod Res 3
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Upasani CD and Balaraman R (2001) Effect of vitamin e vitamin C and
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Urquiaga I and Leighton F (2000) Plant polyphenol antioxidants and
oxidative stress Biol Res Biol 33(2) 55ndash64
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Valko M Rhodes CJ Moncol J Izakovic M and Mazur M (2006)
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Chem-Biol Interact 10 1ndash40
Van den Berg R Haenen GRMM Van den Berg H and Bast A
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Venkat Ratnam D Ankolaa D Bhardwaja V Sahanaa DK and Ravi
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Venukumar MR and Latha MS (2004) Effect of Coscinium fenestratum
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Verma A Vijayakumar M Chandana V Rao Chandra S and Mathela
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protective activity of green fruit of Ficus glomerata Food and Chemical
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Verma S and Singh SP (2008) Current and future status of herbal
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Vetelainen R van Vliet A and vcan Gulik TM (2007) Essential
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Videla LA Rodrigo R Orellana M Fernandez V Tapia G Quintildeones
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Villanova N Moscatiello S and Ramillis S (2005) Endothelial
dysfunction and cardiovascular risk profile in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Am J Gastroenterol 99 1497ndash1502
Vinson JA Zubik L Bose P Samman N Proch J (2005) Dried fruits
excellent invitro and in vivo antioxidants Journal of the American College of
Nutrition 24 44ndash50
Viuda-Martos M Navajas Y R Zapata E S Fernandez-Lopez J and
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Wang J Li J Zou Y Chenga W Lu C Zhang L Gea J Huanga C
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effects of total flavonoids of Litsea coreana leve on hepatic steatosis in rats
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Wang K Zhang Y and Yang C (2005) Antioxidant phenolic compounds
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Wang LF and Zhang HY (2003) A theoretical investigation on DPPH
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Wang X and Quinn P (1999) Vitamin E and its function in membranes
Prog Lipid Res 38(4) 309-336
Wang Y Beydoun MA Liang L Caballero B and Kumanyika SK
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Wasan KM Najafi S Wong J and Kwong M (2001) Assessing plasma
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Rev Mol Cell Biol 9 162ndash176
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Yang H Roberts LJ Jian Shi M Chun Zhou Li Ballard BR
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high-fat dietndashinduced dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress A microarray
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spontaneous lipid peroxidation following glutathione depletion Plant Med
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radical scavenging properties of wheat extracts J Agri Food Chem 50
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ginseng prevents the onset of high-fat diet induced hyperglycemia and
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and Parkinsonlsquos disease Neurochem Res 34 630ndash8
Zheng S Hoos L Cook J Tetzloff G Harry DJ and Van Heek M
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Guumllccedilin I Mshvildadze V Gepdiremen A and Elias R (2004)
Antioxidant activity of saponins isolated from ivy a-hederin hederasaponin-
C hederacolchiside-E and hederacolchiside-F Planta Medica 70 561ndash563
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Gupta R and Misra A (2007) Type 2 diabetes in India regional
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Gurumoorthy V Hindu Jan-23rd 2011
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acid from Albizia adianthifolia Journal of Natural Products 66 372ndash377
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and hepatoprotective effects of silibinin in a rat model of nonalcoholic
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Halliwell B (1993) The role of oxygen radicals in human disease with
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Halliwell B (1994) Free radicals antioxidants and human disease
curiosity cause or consequence Lancet 344 721ndash724
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Hansson A Zelada JC and Noriega HP (2005) Revaluations of risks
with the use of Ficus insipid latex as a traditional anthelmintic remedy in the
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Harada N Oda Z Hara Y Fujinami K Okawa M Ohbuchi K
Yonemoto M Ikeda Y Ohwaki K Aragane K Tamai Y Kusunoki
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Harrison P Degen SJ Williams R and Farzaneh F (1994) Hepatic
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Harvey AL (2008) Drug Discov Today 13 894e901
Harwood H J Jr Petras SF Shelly LD Zaccaro LM Perry DA
Makowski MR Hargrove DM Martin KA Tracey WR Chapman
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and Eisenbeis SA (2003) J Biol Chem 278 37099
Harwood H J Jr (2004) Acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibition for the
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some medicinal plants on performances physiological and meat quality traits
of broiler chicks Egypt Poult Sci 24 247ndash266
Hausner EA Schlingmann KL Chen HW Gillies PJ Kieras CJ
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Biochem Biophys 395 137-145
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Hedge JE and Hofreiter BT (1962) Detremination of reducing sugars
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Hedge K Joshi AB (2009) Hepatoprotective effect of Carissa carandus
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Hepatoprotective effect of Cichorium intybus on CCl4 induced liver damage
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Heuman DM Pandak WM Hylemon PB and Vlahzevic ZR (1991)
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Higuchi N Kato M and Shundo Y (2008) LiverXreceptor in cooperation
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a causal role in multiple forms of insulin resistance Nature 440944ndash8
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Hu C and Kitts DD (2005) Dendelion (Taraxacum officinale) flower
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Inzucchi SE (2002) Oral antihyperglycemic therapy for type 2 diabetes
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Iovin Nicole M Seema Pursnani Voldman A Wasserman G Blaser
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Ismail M Ghanya Al-Naqeep Kim Wei Chan (2010) Nigella sativa
thymoquinone-rich fraction greatly improves plasma antioxidant capacity
and expression of antioxidant genes in hypercholesterolemic rats Free
Radical Biology amp Medicine 48 664ndash672
Itagaki S Kurokawa T Nakata C Saito Y Oikawa S Kobayashi T
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Jain S Dixit Malviya N and Ambawata V (2009) Antioxidant and
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James O and Day C (1999) Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis another disease
of affluence Lancet 353 (9165) 1634ndash1636
Jayasooriya A P Sakono M and Yukizaki C (2000) Effects of
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Johnson IT (2004) New approaches to the role of diet in the prevention of
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Joven J Rull A Ferreacute N Escolagrave-Gil JC Marsillach J Coll B
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Juntachote T and Berghofer E (2005) Antioxidative properties and
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Juurlink BH and Paterson PG (1998) Review of oxidative stress in brain
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Kajikawa S Tsuyoshi Harada Akiko Kawashima Kazunori Imada and
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highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid prevents the progression of D-
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diet Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1791 281ndash288
Kakkar P Das B and Vishwanathan P N (1984) A modified
spectrophotometric assay of superoxide dismutase Indian J
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Kallwitz ER McLachlan A and Cotler SJ (2008) Role of peroxisome
proliferators-activated receptors in the pathogenesis and treatment of
nonalcoholic fatty liver disease World J Gastroenterol 1422ndash8
Kamal-Eldin A and Appelqvist LA (1996) The chemistry and antioxidant
properties of tocopherols and tocotrienols Lipids 31 671-701
Kamat JP Boloor KK Devasagayam TPA and Venkatachalam SR
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Kantartzis K Peter A Machicao F Machann J Wagner S
Koumlnigsrainer I Koumlnigsrainer A Schick F Fritsche A Haumlring HU
and Stefan N (2009) Diabetes 58 2616ndash2623
Kappus H (1991) Lipid peroxidation-mechanism and biological relevance
In O I Aruoma amp B Halliwell (Eds) Free radicals and food additives (pp
59ndash75) London UK Taylor and Francis Press
Karan M Vasisht K and Handa SS (1999) Antihepatotoxic activity of
Swrtia chirata on paracetamol and galactosamine induced hepatotoxicity in
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Karu N Reifen R and Kerem Z (2007) Weight gain reduction in mice
fed Panax ginseng saponin a pancreatic lipase inhibitor J Agric Food Chem
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Kataria M and Singh LN (1997) Hepatoprotective effect of Liv-52 and
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Katina K Arendt E Liukkonen KH Autio K Flander L and Poutanen
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Kechagias S Ernersson A Dahlqvist O Lundberg P Lindstrom T and
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Kelloff GJ Boone CW Crowell JA Steele VE Lubet RA Doody
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Khan MS Nema N Kharya MD and Khanam S (2009)
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Khan N and Sultana ST (2005) Chemomodulatory effect of Ficus
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Kim YS Bahn KN Hah CK Gang HI and Ha YL (2008)
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(SP) prevents the onset of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in Zucker
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Nature reviews Drug discovery 3(11) 935ndash49 doi101038nrd1549
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Koek GH et al Clinica Chimica Acta xxx (2011) xxxndashxxx Koek GH et
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Koneacute WM Atindehou KK Terreaux C Hostettmann K Traoreacute D
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Koppe SW Elias M Moseley RH and Green RM (2009) Trans fat
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Kordali S Cakir A Mavi A Kilic H and Yildirim A (2005) Screening
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and Food Chemistry 53 1408ndash1416
Koruk M Savascedil MC Yilmaz O Tayscedil iS Karakok M Guumlndolsquogdu C
and Yilmaz A (2003) Serum lipids lipoproteins and apolipoproteins levels
in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Journal of Clinical
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Kotani K Peroni OD Minokoshi Y Boss O and Kahn BB (2004)
GLUT4 glucose transporter deficiency increases hepatic lipid production and
peripheral lipid utilization J Clin Invest 114 1666ndash1675
Koteish A and Diehl AM (2002) Animal models of steatohepatitis Best
Kotronen A Seppanen-Laakso T and Westerbacka J (2009) Hepatic
stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD)-1 activity and diacylglycerol but not
ceramide concentrations are increased in the nonalcoholic human fatty liver
Diabetes 58(1) 203ndash8
Kowdley KV (2000) Ursodeoxycholic acid therapy in hepatobiliary
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Kraegen EW Clark PW Jenkins AB Daley EA Chisholm DJ and
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Kresge N Simoni RD and Hill RL (2006) Forty years of superoxide
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Krishnamoorthy V Divianathan S Subramanian B and Shanmugam M
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7 330-338
Kroumltz F Sohn HY and Gloe T (2002) Oxidase-dependent platelet
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924
Kulinski A Vance DE and Vance JE (2004) A choline-deficient diet in
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Lansky EP Helena M Paavilainena Alison D Pawlus B Robert A
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Le PM Benhaddou-Andaloussi A Elimadi A Settaf A Cherrah Y
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Polyunsaturated fat in the methionine-choline-deficient diet influences
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Dietary carvacrol lowers body weight gain but improves feed conversion in
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Lieber CS Leo MA Mak KM Xu Y Cao Q Ren C
Ponomarenko A and DeCarli LM (2004) Model of nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 79(3) 502ndash509
Lin J Yang R Tarr PT Wu PH Handschin C and Li S (2005)
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Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Instructorlsquos Resource Parthlsquos
Pathophysiology Concepts of Altered Health States Seventh edition 2008
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Liu F and Ng TB (2000) Antioxidative and free radical scavenging
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Liu F Ooi VEC and Chang S T (1997) Free radical scavenging
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Liu L and Meydani M (2002) Combined vitamin C and E
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Lopez-Garcia E Schulze MB Meigs JB Manson JE Rifai N and
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Louchami K Zhang Y Oguzhan B Delporte C Portois L and
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Mabrouk GM Moselhy SS Zohny SF Ali EM Helal TE Amin
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Mahmoud MR El-Abhar HS and Saleh S (2002) The effect of Nigella
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Makino I Shinozaki K Yoshino K and Nakagawa S (1975)
Dissolution of cholesterol gallstones by long-term administration of
ursodeoxycholic acid Nippon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi 72 690ndash702
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Manco M Calvani M and Mingrone G (2004) Effects of dietary fatty
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6 402ndash413
Manian R Anusuya N Siddhuraju P and Manian S (2008) The
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solvent extracts of Camellia sinensis (L) O Kuntz Ficus bengalensis L and
Ficus racemosa L Food Chemistry 107 1000ndash1007
Marchand LL Murphy SP Hankin JH Wilkens LR Kolonel LN
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Marchesini G Bugianesi E Forlani G Cerrelli F Lenzi M Manini
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(2003) Nonalcoholic fatty liver steatohepatitis and the metabolic syndrome
Hepatology 37 917ndash 923
Mari M Caballero F Colell A Morales A Caballeria J Fernandez
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Mitochondrial free cholesterol loading sensitizes to TNF and Fas-meidated
steatohepatitis Cell Metabolism 4 185ndash198
Marimuthu P Wu CL Chang HT and Chang ST (2008) Antioxidant
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Mariod AA Ibrahim RM Ismail M and Ismail N (2009) Antioxidant
activity and phenolic content of phenolic rich fractions obtained from black
cumin (Nigella sativa) seedcake Food Chemistry 116 306ndash312
Maron DJ (2004) Flavonoids for reduction of atherosclerotic risk Curr
Atheroscler Rep 6 73-78
Marra F Gastaldelli A Svegliati Baroni G Tell G and Tiribelli C
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Mates JM Perez-Gomez C and Decastro IN (1999) Clin Chem 32
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Matsuzawa N Takamura T Kurita S Misu H Ota T Ando H
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Matteoni C Younossi Z Gramlich T Boparai N and Liu Y (1999)
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Matthew Ricci (2008) NAFLD (Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease) A
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Matthew Cave Ion Deaciuc Christian Mendez Zhenyuan Song Swati
Joshi-Barve Shirish Barve Craig McClain (2007) Nonalcoholic fatty liver
disease predisposing factors and the role of nutrition Journal of Nutritional
Biochemistry 18 184ndash 195
Mavrelis PG Ammon HV Gleysteen JJ Komorowski RA and
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morbid obesity Hepatology 3 226ndash231
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Murray KR Graner KD Mayes AP and Rodwell WV Harperlsquos
Biochemistry Chap 53 Prentice-Hall International Inc 23rd
edition 588-
590
Mazur A Bayle D Lab C Rock E and Rayssiguier Y (1999)
Inhibitory effect of procyanidin-rich extracts on LDL oxidation in vitro
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McCay PB (1985) Vitamin E Interactions with free radicals and
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McCullough AJ (2004) The clinical features diagnosis and natural history
of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Clinics in Liver Disease 8 521ndash533
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Assessing potential bioavallability of raspberry anthocyanins using an in
vitro digestion system Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53(15)
5896minus5904
Mehta B K Sharma U Pandit V Agrawal S Joshi N and Gupta M
(2008) Med Chem Res 17 462ndash473
Meng EC Shoichet BK and Kuntz ID (2004) Automated docking
with grid-based energy evaluation Journal of Computational Chemistry 13
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Merchant JR Bakshi VM and Engineer AB (1979) Chemical
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Meydani M (2000) Vitamin E and prevention of heart disease in high-risk
patients Nutr Rev 58 278-281
Meyer SA and Kulkarni AP (2001) Hepatotoxicity in Introduction to
biochemical toxicology 3rd
Edition edited by E Hodgson and R C Smart (A
John Wiley amp Sons Inc New York) 487
Mezzetti A Di Ilio C Calafiore AM Aceto A Marzio L Frederici G
and Cuccurullo F (1990) Glutathione peroxidase glutathione reductase and
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Milagro FI Campioacuten J and Martiacutenez JA (2006) Weight gain induced
by high-fat feeding involves increased liver oxidative stress Obesity (Silver
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Miliauskas G Venskutonis PR and Van Beek TA (2004) Screening of
radical scavenging activity of some medicinal and aromatic plant extracts
Food Chemistry 85 231ndash237
Ming M Guanhua L Zhanhai Y Guang C and Xuan Z (2009) Effect
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metabolism and oxidative stress of mice fed high-fat diet in vivo Food
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Misra A Khurana L Vikram NK Goel A and Wasir JS (2007)
Metabolic syndrome in children current issues and South Asian perspective
Nutrition 23(11ndash12)895ndash910
Misra A Misra R Wijesuriya M and Banerjee D (2007) The metabolic
syndrome in south Asians continuing escalation amp possible solutions Indian
J Med Res 125(3)345ndash54
Misra A Vikram NK (2004) Insulin resistance syndrome (metabolic
syndrome) and obesity in Asian Indians Evidence and implications
Nutrition 20482ndash491
Mithra SK Seshadri SJ Venkataranganna MV Gopumadhavan S
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Mohamed and Azza M (2008) The ameliorative actions of Agaricus blazei
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Mohan V (2004) Why are Indians more prone to diabetes J Assoc Phys
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steatohepatitis Hepatology 37 909ndash16
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Nakamoto K Takayama F Mankura M Hidaka Y Egashira T and
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Nanji AA (2004b) Another animal model for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
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Nutrition 79(3) 350ndash351
Nanji AA (2004a) Animal models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and
steatohepatitis Clinics in Liver Disease 8 (3) 559ndash574 (ix)
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Neuschwander-Tetri BA and Caldwell SH (2003) Nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis summary of an AASLD single topic conference Hepatology
371202ndash19
Newman DJ Cragg GM and Snader KM (2000) The influence of
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Nzowa LK Barboni L Teponno RB Ricciutelli M Lupidi G Luana
Quassinti L Massimo Bramucci M and Tapondjou LA (2010)
Rheediinosides A and B two antiproliferative and antioxidant triterpene
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Ogbonnia OS Nkemehule EF and Anyika NE (2009) Evaluation of
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Ogbonnia S Adekunle AA Bosa MK and Enwuru VN (2008)
Evaluation of acute and subacute toxicity of Alstnia congensis Engler
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Oguzhan B Sancho V Acitores A Villanueva-Penacarrillo ML
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Okada Y Shibata S Ikekawa T Javellana AMJ and Kamo O (1987)
Entada saponin-III a saponin isolated from the bark of Entada phaseoloides
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Okada Y Shibata S Javellana AMJ and Kamo O (1988) Entada
saponins (ES) II and IV from the bark of Entada phaseoloides Chemical and
Pharmaceutical Bulletin 36 1264ndash1269
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Oteiza PI Erlejman AG Verstraeten SV Keen CL and Fraga CG
(2005) Flavonoidndashmembrane interaction a protective role of flavonoids at
the membrane surface Clin Dev Immunol 12 (1) 19ndash25
Owen R W Giacosa A Hull W E Haubner R Spiegelhalder B and
Bartsh H (2000) The antioxidantanticancer potential of phenolic
compounds isolated from olive oil European Journal of Cancer 36 1235ndash
1247
Oyaizu M (1986) Studies on product of browning reaction prepared from
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Ozcan U Cao Q Yilmaz E Lee AH Iwakoshi NN and Ozdelen E
(2004) Endoplasmic reticulum stress links obesity insulin action and type 2
diabetes Science 306457ndash61
Ozturk-Urek R Bozkaya LA and Tarhan L (2001) The effects of some
antioxidant vitamins and trace elements supplemented diets on activities of
SOD CAT GSH-Px and LPO levels in chicken tissues Cell Biochemistry
and Function 19 125ndash132
Pacheco-Alvarez D Solorzano-Vargas RS and Leon-Del-Rio A (2002)
Biotin in metabolism and its relationship tohuman disease Arch Med Res
33 439ndash447
Pacher P Beckman JS and Liaudet L (1997) (Nitric oxide and
peroxynitrite in health and disease Physiol Rev 87 (1) 315ndash424
Pacher P Beckman JS and Liaudet L (2007) Nitric oxide and
peroxynitrite In health and disease Physiological Reviews 87(1) 315ndash424
Paetau I Khachik F Brown ED Beecher GR Kramer TR and
Chittams J (1998a) Bioavailability of tomato carotenoids from lycopene-
rich tomato juice and lycopene supplements The FASEB Journal 12(4)
A544minusA
Pan HZ Zhang H Chang D Li H and Sui H (2008) The change of
oxidative stress products in diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy Br J
Ophthalmol 92 548ndash51
Paradis V Perlemuter G Bonvoust F Dargere D Parfait B and
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tissue growth factor expression a potential mechanism involved in
progression to fibrosis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Hepatology 34738ndash
44
Paranjpe P (2001) Indian Medicinal Plants Forgotten Healers A Guide to
Ayurvedic Herbal Medicine Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratisthan Delhi p316
Park CH Yamabe N Noh JS Kang KS Tanaka T Yokozawa T
(2009b) The beneficial effects of morroniside on the inflammatory response
and lipid metabolism in the liver of dbdb mice Biol Pharm Bull 32 1734ndash
1740
Parrotta JA (2006) Healing Plants of Peninsular India CABI Publishing
523ndash524
Patchett AA and Nargund RP (2000) Annu Rep Med Chem 35
289e298
Pauly Nicolas Pucciariello C Mandon K Innocenti G Jamet A
Baudouin E Herouart D Frendo P and Puppo A (2006) Reactive
oxygen and nitrogen species and glutathione key players in the legume-
Rhizobium symbiosis Journal of Experimental Botany 57 (8) 1769-76
Peach and Tracey MV (1955) In modern methods of plant analyse 4
373-374
Perez C Canal JR and Torres MD (2003) Experimental diabetes treated
with Ficus carica extract effect on oxidative stress parameters Acta
Diabetologica 40 3ndash8
Perez-Amador MC Ocotero VM Castaneda JMG and Esquinca
ARG (2007) Alkaloids in Solanum torvum Sw (Solanaceae) International
Journal of Experimental Botany 76 39-45
Perry G Cash AD Srinivas R and Smith MA (2002) Metals and
oxidative homeostasis in Alzheimerlsquos disease Drug Development and
Research 56 293ndash299
Pietta PG (2000) Flavonoids and antioxidants J Nat Prod 63 1035-
1042
Pignatelli P Pulcinelli FM and Lenti L (1998) Hydrogen Peroxide Is
Involved in Collagen-Induced Platelet Activation Blood 91 (2) 484-490
Pirola L Johnston AM Van Obberghen E (2004) Modulation of insulin
action Diabetologia 47170ndash84
Pitchersky E and Gang DR (2000) Genetics and biochemistry of
secondary metabolites in plants An evolutionary perspective Trends Plant
Sci 5 445-459
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glutathione a cellular protagonist [J] Biochem Pharmacl 66(8) 1499-1503
Prasad K (2010) Effects of vitamin E on serum enzymes and electrolytes in
hypercholesterolemia Molecular Cellular Biochemistry 335 67ndash74
Prasamthi Muralidhara K and Rajini PS (2005) Fenvalerate-induced
oxidative damage in rat tissues and its attenuation by dietary sesame oil
Food Chem Toxicol 43 299ndash306
Pryor WA (1993) Measurement of oxidative stress status in humans
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2 289-292
Puppo A (1992) Effect of flavonoids on hydroxyl radical formation by
Fenton-type reactions influence of the iron chelator Phytochemistry 31
85ndash88
Rachna A and Abdelhaq R (2003) Redistribution of glucose-6-phosphate
dehydrogenase in response to cerebral ischemia in rat brain Indian J Clin
Biochem 18 64-70
Rahman NN Khan M and Hasan R (1994) Bioactive components from
Ficus glomerata Pure and Applied Chemistry 66 2287ndash2290
Rajesh MG and Latha MS (2004) Preliminary evaluation of the
antihepatotoxic activity of Kamilari a polyherbal formulation J
Ethanopharmacology 91 99-104
Rajkapoor B Anandan R and Jayakar B (2002) Anti-ulcer effect of
Nigella sativa Linn against gastric ulcers in rats Curr Sci 82 177ndash179
Ramadan MF (2007) Nutritional value functional properties and
nutraceutical applications of black cumin (Nigella sativa L) an overview
International Journal of Food Science and Technology 42 1208ndash1218
Ramadan MF and Moumlrsel JT (2004) Oxidative stability of black cumin
(Nigella sativa L) coriander (Coriandrum sativum L) and niger (Guizotia
abyssinica Cass) crude seed oils upon stripping Eur J Lipid Sci Technol
106 35ndash43
Randhawa MA and Al-Ghamdi MS (2002) A review of the
pharmacotherapeutic effects of Nigella sativa Pakistan Journal of Medical
Research 41 77ndash83
Rao BR Murugresan T Sinha S Saha BP Pal M and Mandal SC
(2002) Glucose lowering efficacy of Ficus racemosa barks extract in normal
and alloxan diabetic rats Phytotherapy Research 16 590ndash592
Rao CV Arti R Verma M Vijayakumar S Rastogi (2008)
Gastroprotective effect of standardized extract of Ficus glomerata fruit on
experimental gastric ulcers in rats Journal of Ethnopharmacology 115
323ndash326
Rao KS (2009) Free radical induced oxidative damage to DNA relation to
brain aging and neurological disorders Indian J Biochem Biophys 46 9ndash15
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
Evans C (1999) Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231ndash1237
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
Evans C (1999) Antioxidant activity applying in an improved radical cation
decolorisation assay Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231-1237
Recknagel RO Glende EA JR Waller RL and Loery K (1982) Lipid
peroxidation ndashBiochemistry measurement and signified in liver cell injury in
toxicology in the liver edited by G L Plea and W R Hewilt (Raven press
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induced response of photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism in higher
plants J Plant Physiol 161(11) 1189-1202
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and benzyl adenine and dark- treated graving rice (Oryza sativa) leaves II
Changes in peroxidases activity Plant Cell Physiol 26 987- 994
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710-723
Reitman S Frankel S (1957) Amer JClin Path 2856
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York Plenum Press 279-292
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ed New York Academic
press 6 215-222
Rice-Evans CA Miller NJ and Paganga G (1996) Structurendashantioxidant
activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids J Free Radic Biol
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Rinella ME Elias MS Smolak RR Fu T Borensztajn J and Green
RM (2008) Mechanisms of hepatic steatosis in mice fed a lipogenic
methionine choline-deficient diet J Lipid Res 491068ndash76
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efficacies of Cassia fistula An Indian labrum African Journal of Pharmacy
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Roberts CK Barnard RJ Sindhu RK Jurczak M Ehdaie A and
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and antioxidant enzymes in diet-induced metabolic syndrome Metabolism
55 928ndash934
Robertson G Leclercq I and Farrell GC (2001) Nonalcoholic steatosis
and steatohepatitis II Cytochrome P-450 enzymes and oxidative stress
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oxidative stress on catalase and MnSOD gene transcription in astrocytes
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Romeo S Sentinelli F Dash S Yeo GS Savage DB Leonetti F
Capoccia D Incani M Maglio C Iacovino M OlsquoRahilly S and Baroni
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Antioxidant properties of polyphenol-containing extract from soybean
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820
Rosenberg HR (1992) Chemistry and Physiology of the citamins Inter
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Carlos J Pirolab and Silvia Sookoiana (2009) Losartan reduces liver
expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in a high fat-induced
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Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 63(3) 127minus133
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Sagi Y and Youdim MBH (2008) The neuroprotective effect of
ladostigil against hydrogen peroxide-mediated cytotoxicity Chem-Biol
Interact 175 318ndash26
Sahai A Malladi P Melin-Aldana H Green RM and Whitington PF
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antioxidant activities of various solvent extracts of Carissa opaca fruits
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Sairam K Rao ChV Babu MD Kumar V Agarwal VK and Goel
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Sanyal AJ (2002) GA technical review on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Gastroenterology 123 1705ndash1725
Sanyal AJ Campbell-Sargent C Mirshahi F Rizzo WB Contos MJ
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Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis association of insulin resistance and
mitochondrial abnormalities Gastroenterology 120 (5) 1183ndash1192
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22- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method Food Chemistry 112 654ndash658
Schrauwen P (2007) High-fat diet muscular lipotoxicity and insulin
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Scott MD Lubin BH Zuo L and Kuypers FA (1991) Erythrocyte
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Sharma SK and Gupta VK (2008) PHCOG MAGRearch article In vitro
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Antioxidative properties of xanthan on the autoxidation of soybean oil in
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Shimizu MH Araujo M Borges SM De Tolassa EM and Seguro
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Shukla R Gupta S Gambhir JK Prabhu KM and Murthy PS (2004)
Antioxidant effect of aqueous extract of the bark of Ficus bengalensis in
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Phytochemical and antioxidant characterization of Hypericum perforatum
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Singanan V Singana M and Begum H (2007) The hepatoprotective
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International J Science and Technology 2(2) 83-92
Singh M Govindarajan R Nath V Singh RAK and Mehrotra S
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Ethanopharamacology 107 67-72
Singh R Wang Y Schattenberg JM Xiang Y and Czaja MJ (2009)
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Singh SP Nayak S and Swain M (2004) Prevalence of non-alcoholic
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Sirisha N Sreenivasulu M Sangeeta K and Madhusudhana Chetty C
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Smirnoff N (2001) ―L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis Vitam Horm 61 241-
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Smirnoff N Cumbes QJ (1989) Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of
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Solga S Alkhuraishe AR and Clark JM (2004) Dietary composition
and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Dig Dis Sci 491578ndash83
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saponin of yam (Dioscorea spp) on high-cholesterol fed rats Bioscience
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Song Y Manson JE Buring JE Sesso HD and Liu S (2005) J Am
Coll Nutr 24 376e384
Sookoian S Castanlsquoo GO Burguenlsquoo AL Gianotti TF Risselli MS
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Spolarics Z and Meyenhofer M (2000) Augmented resistance to oxidative
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curcuminoids Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 49 105ndash107
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Stadlbauer V Fickert P Lackner C Schmerlaib J Krisper P Trauner
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Stanner SA Hughes J Kelly CN and Buttriss JA (2004) Review of
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Theilmann L (1994) Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on liver and bile duct
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Sudhahar V Kumar SA and Varalakshmi P (2006) Role of lupeol and
lupeol linoleate on lipemicndashoxidative stress in experimental
hypercholesterolemia Life Science 78 1329ndash1335
Sun Q Ma J Campos H Hankinson SE Manson JE and Stampfer
MJ (2007) A prospective study of trans fatty acids in erythrocytes and risk
of coronary heart disease Circulation 115 1858ndash1865
Sun WY Wei W Wu L Gui SY and Wang H (2007) Effects and
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Ethanopharmacol 112 514-524
Suntress ZA and Sheck PN (1995) Prevention of lung injury by
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Suresh PS Kumar A Kumar R and Singh VP (2008) An in silico
[correction of insilico] approach to bioremediation laccase as a case study
J Mol Graph Model 26 (5) 845ndash9 doi101016jjmgm200705005
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Swanr JC and Connor WE (1975) Hypercholesterolemia of total
starvation its mechanism via tissue mobilization of cholesterol
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Szczeklik A Gryglewski RJ Domagala B Dworski R and Basista M
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Szeto YT Tomlinson B and Benzie IF (2002) Total antioxidant and
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Tapondjou AL Miyamoto T Mirjolet JF Guilbaud N and Lacaille-
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pursaetha Journal of Natural Products 68 1185ndash1190
Targher G Bertolini L Padovani R Poli F Scala L Zenari L
Zoppini G and Falezza G (2006) Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is
associated with carotid artery wall thickness in diet-controlled type 2 diabetic
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Teli MR James OF Burt AD Bennett MK and Day CP (1995)
The natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver a follow-up study
Hepatology 22 1714ndash1719
Tetri LH Basaranoglu M Brunt EM Yerian LM and Neuschwander-
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in mice fed trans fats and a high-fructose corn syrup equivalent Am J
Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 295 G987ndashG995
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varieties cumin black cumin and bitter cumin on antioxidant systems Eur
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Tietge UJ Boker KH Bahr MJ Weinberg S Pichlmayr R Schmidt
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Tilak Khanal Jae Ho Choi Yong Pil Hwang Young Chul Chung Hye
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activation of AMP-dependent protein kinase Food and Chemical
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Ting LP (1982) Plant physiology Addison Wesley Services in Life
Sciences New York USA
Tiwari O P and Tripathi Y B (2007) Antioxidant properties of different
fractions of Vitex negundo Linn Food Chemistry 100 1170ndash1176
Toledo FGS Sniderman AD and Kelley DE (2006) Influence of
hepatic steatosis (fatty liver) on severity and composition of dyslipidemia in
type 2 diabetes Diabetes Care 29 1845ndash50
Tomomichi Chonan Hiroaki Tanaka Daisuke Yamamoto Miyoko Yashiro
Takahiro Oi Daisuke Wakasugi Ayumi Ohoka-Sugita Fusayo Io Hiroko
Koretsune Akira Hiratate (2010) Design and synthesis of disubstituted (4-
piperidinyl)-piperazine derivatives as potent acetyl-CoA carboxylase
inhibitors Bioorganic amp Medicinal Chemistry Letters 20 3965ndash3968
Townsend KL Lorenzi MM and Widmaier EP (2008) High-fat diet-
induced changes in body mass and hypothalamic gene expression in wild-
type and leptindeficient mice Endocrine 33 176ndash188
Trenam CW Blake DR and Morris CJ (1992) Skin inflammation
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Trivedi CP Shinde S and Sharma RC (1969) Preliminary
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(Gular) Indian J Med Res 57 (6) 1070ndash1074
Tuck KL and Hayball PJ (2002) Major phenolic compounds in olive oil
metabolism and health effects Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 13 636ndash
644
Tundis R Bonesi M Deguin B Loizzo MR Menichini F Conforti F
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oxide production of triterpene saponins from the roots of Physospermum
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Uchida K (2003) 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal a product and mediator of
oxidative stress Prog Lipid Res 42 318-343
Upadhyay RK Pandey MB Jha RN and Pandey VB (2001)
Eclalbatin triterpine saponins from Eclipta alba J Asian Nat Prod Res 3
213-217
Upasani CD and Balaraman R (2001) Effect of vitamin e vitamin C and
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organs of rats exposed to lead Indian J Pharm 33 185-191
Urmila Thatte (2004) Challenges in clinical research on Herbs Indian
JNat Prod 19 (1) 35-36
Urquiaga I and Leighton F (2000) Plant polyphenol antioxidants and
oxidative stress Biol Res Biol 33(2) 55ndash64
Ur-Rahman A Sohail M Ahmed S Iqbal Choudhary M and Ur-
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Valko M Leibfritz D Moncol J Cronin MT Mazur M and Telser J
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Valko M Rhodes CJ Moncol J Izakovic M and Mazur M (2006)
Free radicals metals and antioxidants in oxidative stress-induced cancer
Chem-Biol Interact 10 1ndash40
Van den Berg R Haenen GRMM Van den Berg H and Bast A
(1999) Applicability of an improved Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity
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Varela-Rey M Embade N Ariz U Lu SC Mato JM and Martinez-
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Understanding the human disease The International Journal of Biochemistry
and Cell Biology 41 969ndash976
Venkat Ratnam D Ankolaa D Bhardwaja V Sahanaa DK and Ravi
Kumar MNV (2007) Role of antioxidants in prophylaxis and therapy a
pharmaceutical perspective Journal of Controlled Release 113(3) 189-207
Venukumar MR and Latha MS (2004) Effect of Coscinium fenestratum
on hepatotoxicity in rats Indian J of Exp Bio 42 792-97
Verma A Vijayakumar M Chandana V Rao Chandra S and Mathela
(2010) In vitro and In vivo antioxidant properties and DNA damage
protective activity of green fruit of Ficus glomerata Food and Chemical
Toxicology 48 704ndash709
Verma S and Singh SP (2008) Current and future status of herbal
medicines Vet World 1 347ndash50
Vetelainen R van Vliet A and vcan Gulik TM (2007) Essential
pathogenic and metabolic differences in steatosis induced by choline or
methionine-choline deficient diets in a rat model J Gastroenterol Hepatol
221526-1533
Vichnvetskaia KD and Roy DN (2001) Oxidative stress and
antioxidative defence with an emphasis on plants antioxidants Environ Rev
7 31-35
Videla LA Rodrigo R Orellana M Fernandez V Tapia G Quintildeones
L Varela N Contreras J Lazarte R Csendes A Rojas J Maluenda
F Burdiles P Diaz JC Smok G Thielemann L and Poniachik J
(2004) Oxidative stress-related parameters in the liver of non-alcoholic fatty
liver disease patients Clin Sci (Lond) 106 261-268
Villanova N Moscatiello S and Ramillis S (2005) Endothelial
dysfunction and cardiovascular risk profile in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Am J Gastroenterol 99 1497ndash1502
Vinson JA Zubik L Bose P Samman N Proch J (2005) Dried fruits
excellent invitro and in vivo antioxidants Journal of the American College of
Nutrition 24 44ndash50
Viuda-Martos M Navajas Y R Zapata E S Fernandez-Lopez J and
Perez-Alvarez J A (2010) Antioxidant activity of essential oils of five
spice plants widely used in a Mediterranean diet Flavour and Fragrance
Journal 25 13minus19
Vural H Aksoy N and Ozbilge H (2004) Alterations of oxidative
antioxidative status in human cutaneous lishmaniasis Cell Biochem Funct
22 153-156
Wakil SJ Stoops JK and Joshi VC (1983) Fatty acid synthesis and its
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Wang J Li J Zou Y Chenga W Lu C Zhang L Gea J Huanga C
Jin Y Xiong-wen Lv Cheng-mu Hu and Li-ping Liu (2009) Preventive
effects of total flavonoids of Litsea coreana leve on hepatic steatosis in rats
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Rev Mol Cell Biol 9 162ndash176
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Yang H Roberts LJ Jian Shi M Chun Zhou Li Ballard BR
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Yang JS Lee SJ Park HW and Cha YS (2006) Effect of genistein
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high-fat dietndashinduced dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress A microarray
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Yun SN Moon SJ Ko SK Im BO and Chung SH (2004) Wild
ginseng prevents the onset of high-fat diet induced hyperglycemia and
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Zhao B (2009) Natural antioxidants protect neurons in Alzheimerlsquos disease
and Parkinsonlsquos disease Neurochem Res 34 630ndash8
Zheng S Hoos L Cook J Tetzloff G Harry DJ and Van Heek M
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Zimmet P Shaw J and Alberti KG (2003) Preventing Type 2 Diabetes
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Halliwell B (2002) Effect of diet on cancer development is oxidative DNA
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Halliwell B Gutteridge MC and Aruoma OI (1987) The deoxyribose
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high-fat-diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in rats Food Chemistry 129
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Handa SS Sharma A and Charaborti KK (1986) Natural products and
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Hansson A Zelada JC and Noriega HP (2005) Revaluations of risks
with the use of Ficus insipid latex as a traditional anthelmintic remedy in the
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Harada N Oda Z Hara Y Fujinami K Okawa M Ohbuchi K
Yonemoto M Ikeda Y Ohwaki K Aragane K Tamai Y Kusunoki
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Harrison P Degen SJ Williams R and Farzaneh F (1994) Hepatic
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Harvey AL (2008) Drug Discov Today 13 894e901
Harwood H J Jr Petras SF Shelly LD Zaccaro LM Perry DA
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Harwood H J Jr (2004) Acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibition for the
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Hedge K Joshi AB (2009) Hepatoprotective effect of Carissa carandus
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Heibatollah S Reza NM Izadpanah G and Sohailla S (2008)
Hepatoprotective effect of Cichorium intybus on CCl4 induced liver damage
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Helader L M Alakomi H-L Latva-Kala K Mattila- Sandholm T Pol
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Heuman DM Pandak WM Hylemon PB and Vlahzevic ZR (1991)
Conjugates of ursodeoxycholate protect against cytotoxicity of more
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Higuchi N Kato M and Shundo Y (2008) LiverXreceptor in cooperation
with SREBP-1c is a major lipid synthesis regulator in nonalcoholic fatty
liver disease Hepatol Res 38(11) 1122ndash9
Hileman EO Liu J Albitar M Keating MJ and Huang P (2004)
Intrinsic oxidative stress in cancer cells a biochemical basis for therapeutic
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Holley AE and Cheeseman KH (1993) Measuring free radical reactions
in vivo British Medical Bulletin 49 494ndash505
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Houstis N Rosen ED Lander ES (2006) Reactive oxygen species have
a causal role in multiple forms of insulin resistance Nature 440944ndash8
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Hu C and Kitts DD (2005) Dendelion (Taraxacum officinale) flower
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Huang D Ou B and Prior RL (2005) The chemistry behind antioxidant
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Inzucchi SE (2002) Oral antihyperglycemic therapy for type 2 diabetes
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Iovin Nicole M Seema Pursnani Voldman A Wasserman G Blaser
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Ismail M Ghanya Al-Naqeep Kim Wei Chan (2010) Nigella sativa
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and expression of antioxidant genes in hypercholesterolemic rats Free
Radical Biology amp Medicine 48 664ndash672
Itagaki S Kurokawa T Nakata C Saito Y Oikawa S Kobayashi T
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Food Chem 114 466ndash471
Jacob RA (1995) The integrated antioxidant system Nutrition Research
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Jain S Dixit Malviya N and Ambawata V (2009) Antioxidant and
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Jakoby WB and Habig WH (1998) Glutathione transferases In Jakoby
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James O and Day C (1999) Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis another disease
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Jayasooriya A P Sakono M and Yukizaki C (2000) Effects of
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Jendrassik L and Grof P (1938) Biochem 2297 81
Johnson IT (2004) New approaches to the role of diet in the prevention of
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Joven J Rull A Ferreacute N Escolagrave-Gil JC Marsillach J Coll B
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Juntachote T and Berghofer E (2005) Antioxidative properties and
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Juurlink BH and Paterson PG (1998) Review of oxidative stress in brain
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Kajikawa S Tsuyoshi Harada Akiko Kawashima Kazunori Imada and
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highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid prevents the progression of D-
galactosamine-induced hepatitis in mice fed with a high-fathigh-sucrose
diet Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1791 281ndash288
Kakkar P Das B and Vishwanathan P N (1984) A modified
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Kallwitz ER McLachlan A and Cotler SJ (2008) Role of peroxisome
proliferators-activated receptors in the pathogenesis and treatment of
nonalcoholic fatty liver disease World J Gastroenterol 1422ndash8
Kamal-Eldin A and Appelqvist LA (1996) The chemistry and antioxidant
properties of tocopherols and tocotrienols Lipids 31 671-701
Kamat JP Boloor KK Devasagayam TPA and Venkatachalam SR
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Kamboj VP (2000) Herbal medicine Curr Med 78 35-39
Kantartzis K Peter A Machicao F Machann J Wagner S
Koumlnigsrainer I Koumlnigsrainer A Schick F Fritsche A Haumlring HU
and Stefan N (2009) Diabetes 58 2616ndash2623
Kappus H (1991) Lipid peroxidation-mechanism and biological relevance
In O I Aruoma amp B Halliwell (Eds) Free radicals and food additives (pp
59ndash75) London UK Taylor and Francis Press
Karan M Vasisht K and Handa SS (1999) Antihepatotoxic activity of
Swrtia chirata on paracetamol and galactosamine induced hepatotoxicity in
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Karu N Reifen R and Kerem Z (2007) Weight gain reduction in mice
fed Panax ginseng saponin a pancreatic lipase inhibitor J Agric Food Chem
55 2824ndash8
Kataria M and Singh LN (1997) Hepatoprotective effect of Liv-52 and
Kumaryasava on CCl4 induced hepatic damage in rats Indian Journal of
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Katina K Arendt E Liukkonen KH Autio K Flander L and Poutanen
K (2005) Potential of sourdough for healthier cereal products Trends Food
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Katz D Mazor D Dvilansky A and Meyerstein N (1996) Effect of
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Kaufmann (1999) National products of high pharmacological potency
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Kechagias S Ernersson A Dahlqvist O Lundberg P Lindstrom T and
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and profound elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase in healthy
subjects Gut 57 649ndash654
Keeling CI and Bohlmann J (2006) Genes enzymes and chemicals of
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Kefalas P Kallithraka S Parejo I and Makris DP (2003) Food Sci
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Kelloff GJ Boone CW Crowell JA Steele VE Lubet RA Doody
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Khan MS Nema N Kharya MD and Khanam S (2009)
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Khan N and Sultana ST (2005) Chemomodulatory effect of Ficus
racemosa extract against chemically induced renal carcinogenesis and
oxidative damage response in Wistar rats Life Sciences 77 1194ndash1210
Kim YS Bahn KN Hah CK Gang HI and Ha YL (2008)
Inhibition of 712-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene induced mouse skin
carcinogenesis by Artemisia capillaries J Food Sci 73 T16ndash20
Kim YY Kang HJ Ko SK and Chung SH (2002) Sopungsungiwon
(SP) prevents the onset of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in Zucker
diabetic fatty rats Archives Pharmacal Research 25 923ndash931
King J (1965a) The hydrolases-acid and alkaline phosphatise In Practical
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King J (1965b) The dehydrogenase or oxidoreductase-Lactate
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Kinnunen PK (1991) On the principles of functional ordering in biological
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Kitchen DB Decornez H Furr JR and Bajorath J (2004) Docking and
scoring in virtual screening for drug discovery methods and applications
Nature reviews Drug discovery 3(11) 935ndash49 doi101038nrd1549
PMID 15520816
Kiyici M Gulten M Gurel S Nak SG Dolar E and Savci G (2003)
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Koek GH et al Clinica Chimica Acta xxx (2011) xxxndashxxx Koek GH et
al The role of oxidative stress in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Clin Chim
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Koumlksal E Guumllccedilin İ Ozturk Sarıkaya S B and Bursal E (2009) In vitro
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Koneacute WM Atindehou KK Terreaux C Hostettmann K Traoreacute D
and Dosso M (2004) Traditional medicine in North Cocircte-DlsquoIvoire
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Koppe SW Elias M Moseley RH and Green RM (2009) Trans fat
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Korchak HM (1962) Regulation of hepatic lipogenesis Tufts Folia Med
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Kordali S Cakir A Mavi A Kilic H and Yildirim A (2005) Screening
of chemical composition and antifungal and antioxidant activities of the
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and Food Chemistry 53 1408ndash1416
Koruk M Savascedil MC Yilmaz O Tayscedil iS Karakok M Guumlndolsquogdu C
and Yilmaz A (2003) Serum lipids lipoproteins and apolipoproteins levels
in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Journal of Clinical
Gastroenterology 37 177ndash182
Kotani K Peroni OD Minokoshi Y Boss O and Kahn BB (2004)
GLUT4 glucose transporter deficiency increases hepatic lipid production and
peripheral lipid utilization J Clin Invest 114 1666ndash1675
Koteish A and Diehl AM (2002) Animal models of steatohepatitis Best
Kotronen A Seppanen-Laakso T and Westerbacka J (2009) Hepatic
stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD)-1 activity and diacylglycerol but not
ceramide concentrations are increased in the nonalcoholic human fatty liver
Diabetes 58(1) 203ndash8
Kowdley KV (2000) Ursodeoxycholic acid therapy in hepatobiliary
disease Am J Med 108 481ndash486
Kraegen EW Clark PW Jenkins AB Daley EA Chisholm DJ and
Storlien LH (1991) Development of muscle insulin resistance after liver insulin
resistance in high-fat-fed rats Diabetes 40 1397 ndash 1403
Kresge N Simoni RD and Hill RL (2006) Forty years of superoxide
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17-19
Krishnamoorthy V Divianathan S Subramanian B and Shanmugam M
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7 330-338
Kroumltz F Sohn HY and Gloe T (2002) Oxidase-dependent platelet
superoxide anion release incrj5eases platelet recruitment Blood 100 917-
924
Kulinski A Vance DE and Vance JE (2004) A choline-deficient diet in
mice inhibits neither the CDP-choline pathway for phosphatidylcholine
synthesis in hepatocytes nor apolipoprotein B secretion J Biol Chem 279
23916-23924
Kumar G Sharmila Banu G Kannan V and Rajasekarapandian M
(2005) Antihepatotoxic effect of β-carotene on paracetamol induced hepatic
damage in rats Indian J Exp Biol 43 351-355
Kumar V Rani A Dixit A K Pratap D and Bhatnagar D (2010) A
comparative assessment of total phenolic content ferric reducing-anti-
oxidative power free radical-scavenging activity vitamin C and isoflavones
content in soybean with varying seed coat colour Food Research
International 43 323minus328
Kumpulainen JT and Salonen JT (1999) Natural Antioxidants and
Anticarcinogens in Nutrition Health and Disease the Royal Society of
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Kuo YH and Li YC (2000) Four new compounds ficusal
ficusesquilignan A B and ficusolide diacetate from the heartwood of Ficus
microcarpa Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 48 1862ndash1865
Kuriakose GC and Kurup GM (2008) Antioxidant activity of Aulosira
fertilisima on CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in rats Indian J Exp Bio 46 52-
59
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Labhal A Settaf A Zalagh F Cherrah Y Hassar M and Slaoui A
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antioxidants in Fructus lycii Food Chemistry 105 353ndash363
Le PM Benhaddou-Andaloussi A Elimadi A Settaf A Cherrah Y
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Polyunsaturated fat in the methionine-choline-deficient diet influences
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Dietary carvacrol lowers body weight gain but improves feed conversion in
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Lieber CS Leo MA Mak KM Xu Y Cao Q Ren C
Ponomarenko A and DeCarli LM (2004) Model of nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 79(3) 502ndash509
Lin J Yang R Tarr PT Wu PH Handschin C and Li S (2005)
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Pathophysiology Concepts of Altered Health States Seventh edition 2008
Liu C H Hung M T and Huang P C (1995) Source of triacylglycerol
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Liu F and Ng TB (2000) Antioxidative and free radical scavenging
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Liu F Ooi VEC and Chang S T (1997) Free radical scavenging
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Liu L and Meydani M (2002) Combined vitamin C and E
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Lopez-Garcia E Schulze MB Meigs JB Manson JE Rifai N and
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Louchami K Zhang Y Oguzhan B Delporte C Portois L and
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Ludwig J Viggiano TR McGill DB and Ott BJ (1980) Non-alcoholic
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inflammation and atherogenesis Endocrinology 144 2195ndash2200
Mabrouk GM Moselhy SS Zohny SF Ali EM Helal TE Amin
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Clinical Cancer Research 21 (3) 341ndash346
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Mahmoud MR El-Abhar HS and Saleh S (2002) The effect of Nigella
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Makino I Shinozaki K Yoshino K and Nakagawa S (1975)
Dissolution of cholesterol gallstones by long-term administration of
ursodeoxycholic acid Nippon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi 72 690ndash702
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Medicinal Plant 4(4) 510-518
Manco M Calvani M and Mingrone G (2004) Effects of dietary fatty
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6 402ndash413
Manian R Anusuya N Siddhuraju P and Manian S (2008) The
antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging potential of two different
solvent extracts of Camellia sinensis (L) O Kuntz Ficus bengalensis L and
Ficus racemosa L Food Chemistry 107 1000ndash1007
Marchand LL Murphy SP Hankin JH Wilkens LR Kolonel LN
(2000) J Natl Cancer Inst 92 154
Marchesini G Bugianesi E Forlani G Cerrelli F Lenzi M Manini
R Natale S Vanni E Villanova N Melchionda N and Rizzetto M
(2003) Nonalcoholic fatty liver steatohepatitis and the metabolic syndrome
Hepatology 37 917ndash 923
Mari M Caballero F Colell A Morales A Caballeria J Fernandez
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Mitochondrial free cholesterol loading sensitizes to TNF and Fas-meidated
steatohepatitis Cell Metabolism 4 185ndash198
Marimuthu P Wu CL Chang HT and Chang ST (2008) Antioxidant
activity of the ethanolic extract from the bark of Chamaecyparis obtuse var
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Mariod AA Ibrahim RM Ismail M and Ismail N (2009) Antioxidant
activity and phenolic content of phenolic rich fractions obtained from black
cumin (Nigella sativa) seedcake Food Chemistry 116 306ndash312
Maron DJ (2004) Flavonoids for reduction of atherosclerotic risk Curr
Atheroscler Rep 6 73-78
Marra F Gastaldelli A Svegliati Baroni G Tell G and Tiribelli C
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steatohepatitis Trends Mol Med 14 72ndash81
Mason JS Morize I Menard PR Cheney DL Hulme C and
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Mates JM Perez-Gomez C and Decastro IN (1999) Clin Chem 32
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Matsuzawa N Takamura T Kurita S Misu H Ota T Ando H
Yokoyama M Honda M Zen Y Nakanuma Y Miyamoto K and
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Matsuzawa Y Shimomura I Nakamura T Keno Y Kotani K and
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Matteoni C Younossi Z Gramlich T Boparai N and Liu Y (1999)
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Matthaei S StumvollM Kellerer M and Haring (2000) Endocr H-U
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Matthew Ricci (2008) NAFLD (Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease) A
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Matthew Cave Ion Deaciuc Christian Mendez Zhenyuan Song Swati
Joshi-Barve Shirish Barve Craig McClain (2007) Nonalcoholic fatty liver
disease predisposing factors and the role of nutrition Journal of Nutritional
Biochemistry 18 184ndash 195
Mavrelis PG Ammon HV Gleysteen JJ Komorowski RA and
Charaf UK (1983) Hepatic free fatty acids in alcoholic liver disease and
morbid obesity Hepatology 3 226ndash231
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Murray KR Graner KD Mayes AP and Rodwell WV Harperlsquos
Biochemistry Chap 53 Prentice-Hall International Inc 23rd
edition 588-
590
Mazur A Bayle D Lab C Rock E and Rayssiguier Y (1999)
Inhibitory effect of procyanidin-rich extracts on LDL oxidation in vitro
Atherosclerosis 145 421ndash422
McCay PB (1985) Vitamin E Interactions with free radicals and
ascorbate Ann Rev Nutr 5 323-340
McCullough AJ (2004) The clinical features diagnosis and natural history
of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Clinics in Liver Disease 8 521ndash533
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Assessing potential bioavallability of raspberry anthocyanins using an in
vitro digestion system Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53(15)
5896minus5904
Mehta B K Sharma U Pandit V Agrawal S Joshi N and Gupta M
(2008) Med Chem Res 17 462ndash473
Meng EC Shoichet BK and Kuntz ID (2004) Automated docking
with grid-based energy evaluation Journal of Computational Chemistry 13
(4) 505ndash524 doi101002jcc540130412
Merchant JR Bakshi VM and Engineer AB (1979) Chemical
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Meydani M (2000) Vitamin E and prevention of heart disease in high-risk
patients Nutr Rev 58 278-281
Meyer SA and Kulkarni AP (2001) Hepatotoxicity in Introduction to
biochemical toxicology 3rd
Edition edited by E Hodgson and R C Smart (A
John Wiley amp Sons Inc New York) 487
Mezzetti A Di Ilio C Calafiore AM Aceto A Marzio L Frederici G
and Cuccurullo F (1990) Glutathione peroxidase glutathione reductase and
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Michael Metz (2005) Liver function tests IMVS News letter 57
Michalak A (2006) Phenolic compounds and their antioxidant activity in
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523-530
Milagro FI Campioacuten J and Martiacutenez JA (2006) Weight gain induced
by high-fat feeding involves increased liver oxidative stress Obesity (Silver
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Miliauskas G Venskutonis PR and Van Beek TA (2004) Screening of
radical scavenging activity of some medicinal and aromatic plant extracts
Food Chemistry 85 231ndash237
Ming M Guanhua L Zhanhai Y Guang C and Xuan Z (2009) Effect
of the Lycium barbarum polysaccharides administration on blood lipid
metabolism and oxidative stress of mice fed high-fat diet in vivo Food
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Misra A Khurana L Vikram NK Goel A and Wasir JS (2007)
Metabolic syndrome in children current issues and South Asian perspective
Nutrition 23(11ndash12)895ndash910
Misra A Misra R Wijesuriya M and Banerjee D (2007) The metabolic
syndrome in south Asians continuing escalation amp possible solutions Indian
J Med Res 125(3)345ndash54
Misra A Vikram NK (2004) Insulin resistance syndrome (metabolic
syndrome) and obesity in Asian Indians Evidence and implications
Nutrition 20482ndash491
Mithra SK Seshadri SJ Venkataranganna MV Gopumadhavan S
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Mohamed and Azza M (2008) The ameliorative actions of Agaricus blazei
mushroom against rat liver oxidative damage and fibrosis induced by CCL4
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Mohan V (2004) Why are Indians more prone to diabetes J Assoc Phys
India 52468ndash474
Mohan V and Deepa R (2006) Adipocytokines and The expanding Asian
Indian Phenotype J Assoc Physic Ind 54 685-6
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Musso G Gambino R and Cassader M (2009) Recent insights into
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steatohepatitis Hepatology 37 909ndash16
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Nakamoto K Takayama F Mankura M Hidaka Y Egashira T and
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Nanji AA (2004b) Another animal model for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
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Nutrition 79(3) 350ndash351
Nanji AA (2004a) Animal models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and
steatohepatitis Clinics in Liver Disease 8 (3) 559ndash574 (ix)
Neuhouser ML (2004) Flavonoids and cancer risk evidence from human
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Neuschwander-Tetri BA and Caldwell SH (2003) Nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis summary of an AASLD single topic conference Hepatology
371202ndash19
Newman DJ Cragg GM and Snader KM (2000) The influence of
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Nickavar B Mojab F Javidnia K and Amoli M AR (2003) Chemical
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Nsimba R Kikuzaki H and Konishi Y (2008) Antioxidant activity of
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Nzowa LK Barboni L Teponno RB Ricciutelli M Lupidi G Luana
Quassinti L Massimo Bramucci M and Tapondjou LA (2010)
Rheediinosides A and B two antiproliferative and antioxidant triterpene
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Ogbonnia OS Nkemehule EF and Anyika NE (2009) Evaluation of
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(Fam Verbanaceae) extrct in animals Afr J Biotecnol 8(9) 1793-1799
Ogbonnia S Adekunle AA Bosa MK and Enwuru VN (2008)
Evaluation of acute and subacute toxicity of Alstnia congensis Engler
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Oguzhan B Sancho V Acitores A Villanueva-Penacarrillo ML
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Okada Y Shibata S Ikekawa T Javellana AMJ and Kamo O (1987)
Entada saponin-III a saponin isolated from the bark of Entada phaseoloides
Phytochemistry 26 2789ndash2796
Okada Y Shibata S Javellana AMJ and Kamo O (1988) Entada
saponins (ES) II and IV from the bark of Entada phaseoloides Chemical and
Pharmaceutical Bulletin 36 1264ndash1269
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Oteiza PI Erlejman AG Verstraeten SV Keen CL and Fraga CG
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the membrane surface Clin Dev Immunol 12 (1) 19ndash25
Owen R W Giacosa A Hull W E Haubner R Spiegelhalder B and
Bartsh H (2000) The antioxidantanticancer potential of phenolic
compounds isolated from olive oil European Journal of Cancer 36 1235ndash
1247
Oyaizu M (1986) Studies on product of browning reaction prepared from
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Ozcan U Cao Q Yilmaz E Lee AH Iwakoshi NN and Ozdelen E
(2004) Endoplasmic reticulum stress links obesity insulin action and type 2
diabetes Science 306457ndash61
Ozturk-Urek R Bozkaya LA and Tarhan L (2001) The effects of some
antioxidant vitamins and trace elements supplemented diets on activities of
SOD CAT GSH-Px and LPO levels in chicken tissues Cell Biochemistry
and Function 19 125ndash132
Pacheco-Alvarez D Solorzano-Vargas RS and Leon-Del-Rio A (2002)
Biotin in metabolism and its relationship tohuman disease Arch Med Res
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Pacher P Beckman JS and Liaudet L (1997) (Nitric oxide and
peroxynitrite in health and disease Physiol Rev 87 (1) 315ndash424
Pacher P Beckman JS and Liaudet L (2007) Nitric oxide and
peroxynitrite In health and disease Physiological Reviews 87(1) 315ndash424
Paetau I Khachik F Brown ED Beecher GR Kramer TR and
Chittams J (1998a) Bioavailability of tomato carotenoids from lycopene-
rich tomato juice and lycopene supplements The FASEB Journal 12(4)
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Pan HZ Zhang H Chang D Li H and Sui H (2008) The change of
oxidative stress products in diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy Br J
Ophthalmol 92 548ndash51
Paradis V Perlemuter G Bonvoust F Dargere D Parfait B and
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tissue growth factor expression a potential mechanism involved in
progression to fibrosis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Hepatology 34738ndash
44
Paranjpe P (2001) Indian Medicinal Plants Forgotten Healers A Guide to
Ayurvedic Herbal Medicine Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratisthan Delhi p316
Park CH Yamabe N Noh JS Kang KS Tanaka T Yokozawa T
(2009b) The beneficial effects of morroniside on the inflammatory response
and lipid metabolism in the liver of dbdb mice Biol Pharm Bull 32 1734ndash
1740
Parrotta JA (2006) Healing Plants of Peninsular India CABI Publishing
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Patchett AA and Nargund RP (2000) Annu Rep Med Chem 35
289e298
Pauly Nicolas Pucciariello C Mandon K Innocenti G Jamet A
Baudouin E Herouart D Frendo P and Puppo A (2006) Reactive
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Rhizobium symbiosis Journal of Experimental Botany 57 (8) 1769-76
Peach and Tracey MV (1955) In modern methods of plant analyse 4
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Perez C Canal JR and Torres MD (2003) Experimental diabetes treated
with Ficus carica extract effect on oxidative stress parameters Acta
Diabetologica 40 3ndash8
Perez-Amador MC Ocotero VM Castaneda JMG and Esquinca
ARG (2007) Alkaloids in Solanum torvum Sw (Solanaceae) International
Journal of Experimental Botany 76 39-45
Perry G Cash AD Srinivas R and Smith MA (2002) Metals and
oxidative homeostasis in Alzheimerlsquos disease Drug Development and
Research 56 293ndash299
Pietta PG (2000) Flavonoids and antioxidants J Nat Prod 63 1035-
1042
Pignatelli P Pulcinelli FM and Lenti L (1998) Hydrogen Peroxide Is
Involved in Collagen-Induced Platelet Activation Blood 91 (2) 484-490
Pirola L Johnston AM Van Obberghen E (2004) Modulation of insulin
action Diabetologia 47170ndash84
Pitchersky E and Gang DR (2000) Genetics and biochemistry of
secondary metabolites in plants An evolutionary perspective Trends Plant
Sci 5 445-459
Pompella A Visvikis A and Paolicchi A (2003) The changing faces of
glutathione a cellular protagonist [J] Biochem Pharmacl 66(8) 1499-1503
Prasad K (2010) Effects of vitamin E on serum enzymes and electrolytes in
hypercholesterolemia Molecular Cellular Biochemistry 335 67ndash74
Prasamthi Muralidhara K and Rajini PS (2005) Fenvalerate-induced
oxidative damage in rat tissues and its attenuation by dietary sesame oil
Food Chem Toxicol 43 299ndash306
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Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2 289-292
Puppo A (1992) Effect of flavonoids on hydroxyl radical formation by
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85ndash88
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dehydrogenase in response to cerebral ischemia in rat brain Indian J Clin
Biochem 18 64-70
Rahman NN Khan M and Hasan R (1994) Bioactive components from
Ficus glomerata Pure and Applied Chemistry 66 2287ndash2290
Rajesh MG and Latha MS (2004) Preliminary evaluation of the
antihepatotoxic activity of Kamilari a polyherbal formulation J
Ethanopharmacology 91 99-104
Rajkapoor B Anandan R and Jayakar B (2002) Anti-ulcer effect of
Nigella sativa Linn against gastric ulcers in rats Curr Sci 82 177ndash179
Ramadan MF (2007) Nutritional value functional properties and
nutraceutical applications of black cumin (Nigella sativa L) an overview
International Journal of Food Science and Technology 42 1208ndash1218
Ramadan MF and Moumlrsel JT (2004) Oxidative stability of black cumin
(Nigella sativa L) coriander (Coriandrum sativum L) and niger (Guizotia
abyssinica Cass) crude seed oils upon stripping Eur J Lipid Sci Technol
106 35ndash43
Randhawa MA and Al-Ghamdi MS (2002) A review of the
pharmacotherapeutic effects of Nigella sativa Pakistan Journal of Medical
Research 41 77ndash83
Rao BR Murugresan T Sinha S Saha BP Pal M and Mandal SC
(2002) Glucose lowering efficacy of Ficus racemosa barks extract in normal
and alloxan diabetic rats Phytotherapy Research 16 590ndash592
Rao CV Arti R Verma M Vijayakumar S Rastogi (2008)
Gastroprotective effect of standardized extract of Ficus glomerata fruit on
experimental gastric ulcers in rats Journal of Ethnopharmacology 115
323ndash326
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brain aging and neurological disorders Indian J Biochem Biophys 46 9ndash15
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
Evans C (1999) Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231ndash1237
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
Evans C (1999) Antioxidant activity applying in an improved radical cation
decolorisation assay Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231-1237
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peroxidation ndashBiochemistry measurement and signified in liver cell injury in
toxicology in the liver edited by G L Plea and W R Hewilt (Raven press
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induced response of photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism in higher
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and benzyl adenine and dark- treated graving rice (Oryza sativa) leaves II
Changes in peroxidases activity Plant Cell Physiol 26 987- 994
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710-723
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ed New York Academic
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activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids J Free Radic Biol
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Roberts CK Barnard RJ Sindhu RK Jurczak M Ehdaie A and
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and antioxidant enzymes in diet-induced metabolic syndrome Metabolism
55 928ndash934
Robertson G Leclercq I and Farrell GC (2001) Nonalcoholic steatosis
and steatohepatitis II Cytochrome P-450 enzymes and oxidative stress
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Antioxidant properties of polyphenol-containing extract from soybean
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expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in a high fat-induced
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Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 63(3) 127minus133
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antioxidant activities of various solvent extracts of Carissa opaca fruits
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Gastroenterology 123 1705ndash1725
Sanyal AJ Campbell-Sargent C Mirshahi F Rizzo WB Contos MJ
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Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis association of insulin resistance and
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Antioxidant effect of aqueous extract of the bark of Ficus bengalensis in
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Singanan V Singana M and Begum H (2007) The hepatoprotective
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Singh M Govindarajan R Nath V Singh RAK and Mehrotra S
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Sirisha N Sreenivasulu M Sangeeta K and Madhusudhana Chetty C
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Solga S Alkhuraishe AR and Clark JM (2004) Dietary composition
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Spolarics Z and Meyenhofer M (2000) Augmented resistance to oxidative
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Sudhahar V Kumar SA and Varalakshmi P (2006) Role of lupeol and
lupeol linoleate on lipemicndashoxidative stress in experimental
hypercholesterolemia Life Science 78 1329ndash1335
Sun Q Ma J Campos H Hankinson SE Manson JE and Stampfer
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Sun WY Wei W Wu L Gui SY and Wang H (2007) Effects and
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J Mol Graph Model 26 (5) 845ndash9 doi101016jjmgm200705005
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Tapondjou AL Miyamoto T Mirjolet JF Guilbaud N and Lacaille-
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Targher G Bertolini L Padovani R Poli F Scala L Zenari L
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Tietge UJ Boker KH Bahr MJ Weinberg S Pichlmayr R Schmidt
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Tiwari O P and Tripathi Y B (2007) Antioxidant properties of different
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hepatic steatosis (fatty liver) on severity and composition of dyslipidemia in
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Tomomichi Chonan Hiroaki Tanaka Daisuke Yamamoto Miyoko Yashiro
Takahiro Oi Daisuke Wakasugi Ayumi Ohoka-Sugita Fusayo Io Hiroko
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piperidinyl)-piperazine derivatives as potent acetyl-CoA carboxylase
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Trivedi CP Shinde S and Sharma RC (1969) Preliminary
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Tundis R Bonesi M Deguin B Loizzo MR Menichini F Conforti F
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Eclalbatin triterpine saponins from Eclipta alba J Asian Nat Prod Res 3
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Urquiaga I and Leighton F (2000) Plant polyphenol antioxidants and
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Valko M Rhodes CJ Moncol J Izakovic M and Mazur M (2006)
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Van den Berg R Haenen GRMM Van den Berg H and Bast A
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Venkat Ratnam D Ankolaa D Bhardwaja V Sahanaa DK and Ravi
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Venukumar MR and Latha MS (2004) Effect of Coscinium fenestratum
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Verma A Vijayakumar M Chandana V Rao Chandra S and Mathela
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protective activity of green fruit of Ficus glomerata Food and Chemical
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Verma S and Singh SP (2008) Current and future status of herbal
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Vetelainen R van Vliet A and vcan Gulik TM (2007) Essential
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Videla LA Rodrigo R Orellana M Fernandez V Tapia G Quintildeones
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dysfunction and cardiovascular risk profile in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Am J Gastroenterol 99 1497ndash1502
Vinson JA Zubik L Bose P Samman N Proch J (2005) Dried fruits
excellent invitro and in vivo antioxidants Journal of the American College of
Nutrition 24 44ndash50
Viuda-Martos M Navajas Y R Zapata E S Fernandez-Lopez J and
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Wang J Li J Zou Y Chenga W Lu C Zhang L Gea J Huanga C
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effects of total flavonoids of Litsea coreana leve on hepatic steatosis in rats
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Wang K Zhang Y and Yang C (2005) Antioxidant phenolic compounds
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Wang LF and Zhang HY (2003) A theoretical investigation on DPPH
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Wang X and Quinn P (1999) Vitamin E and its function in membranes
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Wang Y Beydoun MA Liang L Caballero B and Kumanyika SK
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Watts GF and Gan SK (2008) Nutrition and metabolism non-alcoholic
fatty liver diseasemdashpathogenesis cardiovascular risk and therapy Curr Opin
Lipidol 19 92ndash4
Wei BQ Weaver LH Ferrari AM Matthews BW and Shoichet BK
(2004) Testing a flexible-receptor docking algorithm in a model binding
site J Mol Biol 337 (5) 1161ndash82 doi101016jjmb200402015
PMID 15046985
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Yang H Roberts LJ Jian Shi M Chun Zhou Li Ballard BR
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Yang JS Lee SJ Park HW and Cha YS (2006) Effect of genistein
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Yu L Haley S Perret J Harris M Wilson J and Qian M (2002) Free
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ginseng prevents the onset of high-fat diet induced hyperglycemia and
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Zhao B (2009) Natural antioxidants protect neurons in Alzheimerlsquos disease
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Zheng S Hoos L Cook J Tetzloff G Harry DJ and Van Heek M
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Handa SS Sharma A and Charaborti KK (1986) Natural products and
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Hansson A Zelada JC and Noriega HP (2005) Revaluations of risks
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Harwood H J Jr (2004) Acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibition for the
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Harwood HJ Jr Exp Opin Cardiovasc Renal (2005) 9 267
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Hepatoprotective effect of Cichorium intybus on CCl4 induced liver damage
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Heuman DM Pandak WM Hylemon PB and Vlahzevic ZR (1991)
Conjugates of ursodeoxycholate protect against cytotoxicity of more
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Higuchi N Kato M and Shundo Y (2008) LiverXreceptor in cooperation
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a causal role in multiple forms of insulin resistance Nature 440944ndash8
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Hu C and Kitts DD (2005) Dendelion (Taraxacum officinale) flower
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Inzucchi SE (2002) Oral antihyperglycemic therapy for type 2 diabetes
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Iovin Nicole M Seema Pursnani Voldman A Wasserman G Blaser
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Ismail M Ghanya Al-Naqeep Kim Wei Chan (2010) Nigella sativa
thymoquinone-rich fraction greatly improves plasma antioxidant capacity
and expression of antioxidant genes in hypercholesterolemic rats Free
Radical Biology amp Medicine 48 664ndash672
Itagaki S Kurokawa T Nakata C Saito Y Oikawa S Kobayashi T
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ferulic acid a comparative study with other natural oxidation inhibitors
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Jain S Dixit Malviya N and Ambawata V (2009) Antioxidant and
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James O and Day C (1999) Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis another disease
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Joven J Rull A Ferreacute N Escolagrave-Gil JC Marsillach J Coll B
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Kallwitz ER McLachlan A and Cotler SJ (2008) Role of peroxisome
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Kamal-Eldin A and Appelqvist LA (1996) The chemistry and antioxidant
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Kantartzis K Peter A Machicao F Machann J Wagner S
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Kappus H (1991) Lipid peroxidation-mechanism and biological relevance
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Karan M Vasisht K and Handa SS (1999) Antihepatotoxic activity of
Swrtia chirata on paracetamol and galactosamine induced hepatotoxicity in
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Kataria M and Singh LN (1997) Hepatoprotective effect of Liv-52 and
Kumaryasava on CCl4 induced hepatic damage in rats Indian Journal of
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Katina K Arendt E Liukkonen KH Autio K Flander L and Poutanen
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Katz D Mazor D Dvilansky A and Meyerstein N (1996) Effect of
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Kaufmann (1999) National products of high pharmacological potency
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Kechagias S Ernersson A Dahlqvist O Lundberg P Lindstrom T and
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Kefalas P Kallithraka S Parejo I and Makris DP (2003) Food Sci
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Kelloff GJ Boone CW Crowell JA Steele VE Lubet RA Doody
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Khan MS Nema N Kharya MD and Khanam S (2009)
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Khan N and Sultana ST (2005) Chemomodulatory effect of Ficus
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Kim YS Bahn KN Hah CK Gang HI and Ha YL (2008)
Inhibition of 712-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene induced mouse skin
carcinogenesis by Artemisia capillaries J Food Sci 73 T16ndash20
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(SP) prevents the onset of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in Zucker
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King J (1965b) The dehydrogenase or oxidoreductase-Lactate
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Nature reviews Drug discovery 3(11) 935ndash49 doi101038nrd1549
PMID 15520816
Kiyici M Gulten M Gurel S Nak SG Dolar E and Savci G (2003)
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Koek GH et al Clinica Chimica Acta xxx (2011) xxxndashxxx Koek GH et
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Koumlksal E Guumllccedilin İ Ozturk Sarıkaya S B and Bursal E (2009) In vitro
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Kondo K Hirano R Matsumoto A Igarashi O and Itakura H (1996)
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Koneacute WM Atindehou KK Terreaux C Hostettmann K Traoreacute D
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Koppe SW Elias M Moseley RH and Green RM (2009) Trans fat
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Kordali S Cakir A Mavi A Kilic H and Yildirim A (2005) Screening
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Koruk M Savascedil MC Yilmaz O Tayscedil iS Karakok M Guumlndolsquogdu C
and Yilmaz A (2003) Serum lipids lipoproteins and apolipoproteins levels
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Kotani K Peroni OD Minokoshi Y Boss O and Kahn BB (2004)
GLUT4 glucose transporter deficiency increases hepatic lipid production and
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Kotronen A Seppanen-Laakso T and Westerbacka J (2009) Hepatic
stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD)-1 activity and diacylglycerol but not
ceramide concentrations are increased in the nonalcoholic human fatty liver
Diabetes 58(1) 203ndash8
Kowdley KV (2000) Ursodeoxycholic acid therapy in hepatobiliary
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Kraegen EW Clark PW Jenkins AB Daley EA Chisholm DJ and
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Kresge N Simoni RD and Hill RL (2006) Forty years of superoxide
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Krishnamoorthy V Divianathan S Subramanian B and Shanmugam M
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7 330-338
Kroumltz F Sohn HY and Gloe T (2002) Oxidase-dependent platelet
superoxide anion release incrj5eases platelet recruitment Blood 100 917-
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Kulinski A Vance DE and Vance JE (2004) A choline-deficient diet in
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Kumar G Sharmila Banu G Kannan V and Rajasekarapandian M
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Kumar V Rani A Dixit A K Pratap D and Bhatnagar D (2010) A
comparative assessment of total phenolic content ferric reducing-anti-
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Kumpulainen JT and Salonen JT (1999) Natural Antioxidants and
Anticarcinogens in Nutrition Health and Disease the Royal Society of
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Kuo YH and Li YC (2000) Four new compounds ficusal
ficusesquilignan A B and ficusolide diacetate from the heartwood of Ficus
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Kuriakose GC and Kurup GM (2008) Antioxidant activity of Aulosira
fertilisima on CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in rats Indian J Exp Bio 46 52-
59
Kurian GA and Paddikkala J (2009) Administration of aqueous extract of
Desmodium gangeticum (L) root protects rat heart against ischemic
reperfusion injury induced oxidative stress Indian J Exp Biol 47 129ndash35
Labhal A Settaf A Bennani N Cherrah Y Slaoui A and Hassar M
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le rat des sables Caduceacutee 27 26ndash28
Labhal A Settaf A Zalagh F Cherrah Y Hassar M and Slaoui A
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Meriones shawi obegravese et diabeacutetique Espeacuterance Meacutedicale 47 72ndash74
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of the head of bacteriophage T4 Nature 227 680-685
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Lai LS Chan ST and Chao WW (2001) Studies on the antioxidative
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963-968
Lansky EP Helena M Paavilainena Alison D Pawlus B Robert A
and Newmana B (2008) Ficus spp (fig) Ethnobotany and potential as
anticancer and anti-inflammatory agents Journal of Ethnopharmacology
119 195ndash213
Lapenna D Del Boccio G Porreca E Pennelli A Mezzetti A De
Gioia S Marzio L Di Ilio C and Cuccurullo F (1992) Effects of high-
fat cholesterol-enriched diet on the antioxidant defence mechanisms in the
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Latha M and Pari L (2004) Effect of an aqueous extract of Scoparia dulcis
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steatohepatitis Hepatology 39(5) 1277-1285
Laurin J Lindor KD Crippin JS Gossard A Gores GJ Ludwig J
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treatment of non-alcohol-induced steatohepatitis a pilot study Hepatology
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Le K Chiu F and Ng K (2007) Identification and quantification of
antioxidants in Fructus lycii Food Chemistry 105 353ndash363
Le PM Benhaddou-Andaloussi A Elimadi A Settaf A Cherrah Y
and Haddad P (2004) The petroleum ether extract of Nigella sativa exerts
lipid-lowering and insulin-sensitizing actions in the rat Journal of
Ethnopharmacology 94 251ndash259
Leclercq I Field J Erriquez A Farrell GC (2007) Robertson G
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CYP4A in leptin-deficient obob mice Biochim Biophys Res Commun 268
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Leclercq IA (2007) Pathogenesis of steatohepatitis insights from the study
of animal models Acta Gastroenterol Belg 7025ndash31
Lee GS Yan JS Ng RK Kakar S and Maher JJ (2007)
Polyunsaturated fat in the methionine-choline-deficient diet influences
hepatic inflammation but not hepatocellular injury J Lipid Res 481885-
1896
Lee JK N and Min DB (2004) Reactive Oxygen Species Aging and
Antioxidative Nutraceuticals Comprehen Rev Food Sci Food Safety 3 21-
33
Lee KS Buck M Houglum K and Chojkier M (1995) Activation of
hepatic stellate cells by TGF alpha and collagen type I is mediated by
oxidative stress through c-myb expression J Clin Invest 96 2461ndash2468
Lee KW Everts H Kappert HJ Yeom KH and Beynen AC (2003)
Dietary carvacrol lowers body weight gain but improves feed conversion in
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Lee SE Hwang HJ and HA JS (2003) Screening of medicinal plant
extracts for antioxidant activity Life Sci 73 167-179
Leeuenberg C and Ji LL (1995) Glutathione depletion in rested and
exercised mice Biochemical consequence and adaption Arch Biochem
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Lenhard JM (2007) Gottschalk WK (2002) Preclinical developmentsin
type 2 diabetes Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 54 1199ndash1212
Leung KK and Leung PS (2008) Effects of hyperglycemia on
angiotensin receptor type 1 expression and insulin secretion in an INS-1E
pancreatic beta-cell line JOP 9 290ndash299
Li H Wang QJ Zhu DN and Yang Y (2008) Reinioside C a
triterpene saponin of Polygala aureocauda Dunn exerts hypolipidemic effect
on hyperlipidemic mice Phytotherapy Research 22 159ndash164
Lichtenthaler R and Marx F (2005) Total oxidant scavenging capacities of
common European fruit and vegetable juices Journal of Agricultural and
Food Chemistry 53(1) 103minus110
Lieber CS (1997) Cytochrome P-4502E1 its physiological and
pathological role Physiol Rev 77 517ndash 44
Lieber CS Leo MA Mak KM Xu Y Cao Q Ren C
Ponomarenko A and DeCarli LM (2004) Model of nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 79(3) 502ndash509
Lin J Yang R Tarr PT Wu PH Handschin C and Li S (2005)
Hyperlipidemic effects of dietary saturated fats mediated through PGC-1β
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Lindor KD Dickson ER Baldus WP Jorgensen RA Ludwig J
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SM (1994) Ursodeoxycholic acid in the treatment of primary biliary
cirrhosis Gastroenterology 106 1284ndash1290
Lindor KD Kodley KV Heathcote EJ Harrison ME Jorgensen R and
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results of a randomized trial Hepatology 39 770-8
Liochev SI and Fridovich I (1994) The role of O2 in the production of
HO in vitro and in vivo Free Radical Biology and Medicine 16 29ndash36
Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Instructorlsquos Resource Parthlsquos
Pathophysiology Concepts of Altered Health States Seventh edition 2008
Liu C H Hung M T and Huang P C (1995) Source of triacylglycerol
accumulation in lives of rats fed a cholesterol-supplemented diet Lipids 30
527ndash531
Liu F and Ng TB (2000) Antioxidative and free radical scavenging
activities of selected medicinal herbs Life Sciences 66 725ndash735
Liu F Ooi VEC and Chang S T (1997) Free radical scavenging
activity of mushroom polysaccharide extracts Life Science 60 763-771
Liu L and Meydani M (2002) Combined vitamin C and E
supplementation retards early progression of arteriosclerosis in heart
transplant patients Nutr Rev 60 368-371
Lizardi-Cervera J and Aquilar-Zapata D (2009) Nonalcoholic fatty liver
disease and its association with cardiovascular disease 8 S40ndashS43
Lopez-Avila V L and A and Yefchak G (2009) Use of GC-QTOF MS to
identify unknown compounds in herbal extracts 1-4
Lopez-Garcia E Schulze MB Meigs JB Manson JE Rifai N and
Stampfer MJ (2005) l Consumption of trans fatty acids is related to plasma
biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction J Nutr 135 562ndash
566
Louchami K Zhang Y Oguzhan B Delporte C Portois L and
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pancreatic islet K+ handling and secretory behaviour provoked by the
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determination with the folinlsquos phenol reagent JBiolChem 193 265-275
Luck H (1974) In Methods in enzymatic analysisBer Acad N Y 885
Ludwig J Viggiano TR McGill DB and Ott BJ (1980) Non-alcoholic
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Mayo Clin Proc 55434-438
Lugasi A Dworschak E Blazovics A and Kery A (1998) Antioxidant
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(Raphanus sativus I Varniger) root Phytother Res 12 502-506
Lyon CJ Law RE and Hsueh WA (2003) Minireview adiposity
inflammation and atherogenesis Endocrinology 144 2195ndash2200
Mabrouk GM Moselhy SS Zohny SF Ali EM Helal TE Amin
AA and Khalifa AA (2002) Inhibition of methylnitrosourea (MNU)
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and Nigella grains in Sprague Dawely rats Journal of Experimental and
Clinical Cancer Research 21 (3) 341ndash346
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scavenging potential of Saussarea costua Acta Pharm 55 297-304
Mahendran P and Devi CSS (2001) The modulating effect of Garicinia
cambogia extract on ethanol induced peroxidative damage in rats Indian J
Pharmacology 33 87-91
Mahmoud MR El-Abhar HS and Saleh S (2002) The effect of Nigella
sativa oil against the liver damage induced by Shistosoma mansoni infection
in mice Journal of Ethnopharmacology 79 1ndash11
Makino I Shinozaki K Yoshino K and Nakagawa S (1975)
Dissolution of cholesterol gallstones by long-term administration of
ursodeoxycholic acid Nippon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi 72 690ndash702
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Mallikharjuna PB Rajanna LN Seetharam YN and Sharanabasappa
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Medicinal Plant 4(4) 510-518
Manco M Calvani M and Mingrone G (2004) Effects of dietary fatty
acids on insulin sensitivity and secretion Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism
6 402ndash413
Manian R Anusuya N Siddhuraju P and Manian S (2008) The
antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging potential of two different
solvent extracts of Camellia sinensis (L) O Kuntz Ficus bengalensis L and
Ficus racemosa L Food Chemistry 107 1000ndash1007
Marchand LL Murphy SP Hankin JH Wilkens LR Kolonel LN
(2000) J Natl Cancer Inst 92 154
Marchesini G Bugianesi E Forlani G Cerrelli F Lenzi M Manini
R Natale S Vanni E Villanova N Melchionda N and Rizzetto M
(2003) Nonalcoholic fatty liver steatohepatitis and the metabolic syndrome
Hepatology 37 917ndash 923
Mari M Caballero F Colell A Morales A Caballeria J Fernandez
A Enrich C Fernandez-Checa JC and Garcia-Ruiz C (2006)
Mitochondrial free cholesterol loading sensitizes to TNF and Fas-meidated
steatohepatitis Cell Metabolism 4 185ndash198
Marimuthu P Wu CL Chang HT and Chang ST (2008) Antioxidant
activity of the ethanolic extract from the bark of Chamaecyparis obtuse var
Formosana J Sci Food Agric 88
Mariod AA Ibrahim RM Ismail M and Ismail N (2009) Antioxidant
activity and phenolic content of phenolic rich fractions obtained from black
cumin (Nigella sativa) seedcake Food Chemistry 116 306ndash312
Maron DJ (2004) Flavonoids for reduction of atherosclerotic risk Curr
Atheroscler Rep 6 73-78
Marra F Gastaldelli A Svegliati Baroni G Tell G and Tiribelli C
(2008) Molecular basis and mechanisms of progression of non-alcoholic
steatohepatitis Trends Mol Med 14 72ndash81
Mason JS Morize I Menard PR Cheney DL Hulme C and
Labaudiniere RF (1999) J Med Chem 42 3251e3264
Mates JM Perez-Gomez C and Decastro IN (1999) Clin Chem 32
595-603
Matsuzawa N Takamura T Kurita S Misu H Ota T Ando H
Yokoyama M Honda M Zen Y Nakanuma Y Miyamoto K and
Kaneko S (2007) Lipid-induced oxidative stress causes steatohepatitis in
mice fed an atherogenic diet Hepatology 46 1392ndash1403
Matsuzawa Y Shimomura I Nakamura T Keno Y Kotani K and
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obesity Obes Res 3 187Sndash194S
Matteoni C Younossi Z Gramlich T Boparai N and Liu Y (1999)
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease a spectrum of clinical and pathological
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Matthaei S StumvollM Kellerer M and Haring (2000) Endocr H-U
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Matthew Ricci (2008) NAFLD (Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease) A
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Matthew Cave Ion Deaciuc Christian Mendez Zhenyuan Song Swati
Joshi-Barve Shirish Barve Craig McClain (2007) Nonalcoholic fatty liver
disease predisposing factors and the role of nutrition Journal of Nutritional
Biochemistry 18 184ndash 195
Mavrelis PG Ammon HV Gleysteen JJ Komorowski RA and
Charaf UK (1983) Hepatic free fatty acids in alcoholic liver disease and
morbid obesity Hepatology 3 226ndash231
Mayes AP (1993) Structure and function of the lipid soluble vitamins In
Murray KR Graner KD Mayes AP and Rodwell WV Harperlsquos
Biochemistry Chap 53 Prentice-Hall International Inc 23rd
edition 588-
590
Mazur A Bayle D Lab C Rock E and Rayssiguier Y (1999)
Inhibitory effect of procyanidin-rich extracts on LDL oxidation in vitro
Atherosclerosis 145 421ndash422
McCay PB (1985) Vitamin E Interactions with free radicals and
ascorbate Ann Rev Nutr 5 323-340
McCullough AJ (2004) The clinical features diagnosis and natural history
of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Clinics in Liver Disease 8 521ndash533
McDougall GJ Dobson P Smith P Blake A and Stewart D (2005)
Assessing potential bioavallability of raspberry anthocyanins using an in
vitro digestion system Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53(15)
5896minus5904
Mehta B K Sharma U Pandit V Agrawal S Joshi N and Gupta M
(2008) Med Chem Res 17 462ndash473
Meng EC Shoichet BK and Kuntz ID (2004) Automated docking
with grid-based energy evaluation Journal of Computational Chemistry 13
(4) 505ndash524 doi101002jcc540130412
Merchant JR Bakshi VM and Engineer AB (1979) Chemical
investigation of fruits of Ficus glomerata Roxb Indian J Chem 17B 87ndash88
Mervat MM and Taie HAA (2009) Antioxidant activities total
anthocyanins phenolics and flavonoids contents of some sweet potato
genotypes under stress of different concentrations of sucrose and sorbito
Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 3(4) 3609-3616
Meydani M (2000) Vitamin E and prevention of heart disease in high-risk
patients Nutr Rev 58 278-281
Meyer SA and Kulkarni AP (2001) Hepatotoxicity in Introduction to
biochemical toxicology 3rd
Edition edited by E Hodgson and R C Smart (A
John Wiley amp Sons Inc New York) 487
Mezzetti A Di Ilio C Calafiore AM Aceto A Marzio L Frederici G
and Cuccurullo F (1990) Glutathione peroxidase glutathione reductase and
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Michael Metz (2005) Liver function tests IMVS News letter 57
Michalak A (2006) Phenolic compounds and their antioxidant activity in
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523-530
Milagro FI Campioacuten J and Martiacutenez JA (2006) Weight gain induced
by high-fat feeding involves increased liver oxidative stress Obesity (Silver
Spring) 14 1118ndash1123
Miliauskas G Venskutonis PR and Van Beek TA (2004) Screening of
radical scavenging activity of some medicinal and aromatic plant extracts
Food Chemistry 85 231ndash237
Ming M Guanhua L Zhanhai Y Guang C and Xuan Z (2009) Effect
of the Lycium barbarum polysaccharides administration on blood lipid
metabolism and oxidative stress of mice fed high-fat diet in vivo Food
Chemistry 113 872ndash877
Misra A Khurana L Vikram NK Goel A and Wasir JS (2007)
Metabolic syndrome in children current issues and South Asian perspective
Nutrition 23(11ndash12)895ndash910
Misra A Misra R Wijesuriya M and Banerjee D (2007) The metabolic
syndrome in south Asians continuing escalation amp possible solutions Indian
J Med Res 125(3)345ndash54
Misra A Vikram NK (2004) Insulin resistance syndrome (metabolic
syndrome) and obesity in Asian Indians Evidence and implications
Nutrition 20482ndash491
Mithra SK Seshadri SJ Venkataranganna MV Gopumadhavan S
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formulation in galactosamine induced hepatopathy in rats Indian J Physiol
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Modi KP Patel NM and Goyal R K (2008) Estimation of L-topaf from
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mushroom against rat liver oxidative damage and fibrosis induced by CCL4
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Mohan V (2004) Why are Indians more prone to diabetes J Assoc Phys
India 52468ndash474
Mohan V and Deepa R (2006) Adipocytokines and The expanding Asian
Indian Phenotype J Assoc Physic Ind 54 685-6
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risk factor study Br J Nutr 100 (4) 890ndash895
Musso G Gambino R and Cassader M (2009) Recent insights into
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steatohepatitis Hepatology 37 909ndash16
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Nanji AA (2004b) Another animal model for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
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Nanji AA (2004a) Animal models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and
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Neuhouser ML (2004) Flavonoids and cancer risk evidence from human
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Neuschwander-Tetri BA and Caldwell SH (2003) Nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis summary of an AASLD single topic conference Hepatology
371202ndash19
Newman DJ Cragg GM and Snader KM (2000) The influence of
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Ogbonnia S Adekunle AA Bosa MK and Enwuru VN (2008)
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Oguzhan B Sancho V Acitores A Villanueva-Penacarrillo ML
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Entada saponin-III a saponin isolated from the bark of Entada phaseoloides
Phytochemistry 26 2789ndash2796
Okada Y Shibata S Javellana AMJ and Kamo O (1988) Entada
saponins (ES) II and IV from the bark of Entada phaseoloides Chemical and
Pharmaceutical Bulletin 36 1264ndash1269
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Oteiza PI Erlejman AG Verstraeten SV Keen CL and Fraga CG
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the membrane surface Clin Dev Immunol 12 (1) 19ndash25
Owen R W Giacosa A Hull W E Haubner R Spiegelhalder B and
Bartsh H (2000) The antioxidantanticancer potential of phenolic
compounds isolated from olive oil European Journal of Cancer 36 1235ndash
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Oyaizu M (1986) Studies on product of browning reaction prepared from
glucose amine Japanese Journal of Nutrition 44307-315
Ozcan U Cao Q Yilmaz E Lee AH Iwakoshi NN and Ozdelen E
(2004) Endoplasmic reticulum stress links obesity insulin action and type 2
diabetes Science 306457ndash61
Ozturk-Urek R Bozkaya LA and Tarhan L (2001) The effects of some
antioxidant vitamins and trace elements supplemented diets on activities of
SOD CAT GSH-Px and LPO levels in chicken tissues Cell Biochemistry
and Function 19 125ndash132
Pacheco-Alvarez D Solorzano-Vargas RS and Leon-Del-Rio A (2002)
Biotin in metabolism and its relationship tohuman disease Arch Med Res
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Pacher P Beckman JS and Liaudet L (1997) (Nitric oxide and
peroxynitrite in health and disease Physiol Rev 87 (1) 315ndash424
Pacher P Beckman JS and Liaudet L (2007) Nitric oxide and
peroxynitrite In health and disease Physiological Reviews 87(1) 315ndash424
Paetau I Khachik F Brown ED Beecher GR Kramer TR and
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Pan HZ Zhang H Chang D Li H and Sui H (2008) The change of
oxidative stress products in diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy Br J
Ophthalmol 92 548ndash51
Paradis V Perlemuter G Bonvoust F Dargere D Parfait B and
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tissue growth factor expression a potential mechanism involved in
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44
Paranjpe P (2001) Indian Medicinal Plants Forgotten Healers A Guide to
Ayurvedic Herbal Medicine Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratisthan Delhi p316
Park CH Yamabe N Noh JS Kang KS Tanaka T Yokozawa T
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and lipid metabolism in the liver of dbdb mice Biol Pharm Bull 32 1734ndash
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Parrotta JA (2006) Healing Plants of Peninsular India CABI Publishing
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Patchett AA and Nargund RP (2000) Annu Rep Med Chem 35
289e298
Pauly Nicolas Pucciariello C Mandon K Innocenti G Jamet A
Baudouin E Herouart D Frendo P and Puppo A (2006) Reactive
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Peach and Tracey MV (1955) In modern methods of plant analyse 4
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Perez C Canal JR and Torres MD (2003) Experimental diabetes treated
with Ficus carica extract effect on oxidative stress parameters Acta
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Perez-Amador MC Ocotero VM Castaneda JMG and Esquinca
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Perry G Cash AD Srinivas R and Smith MA (2002) Metals and
oxidative homeostasis in Alzheimerlsquos disease Drug Development and
Research 56 293ndash299
Pietta PG (2000) Flavonoids and antioxidants J Nat Prod 63 1035-
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Pignatelli P Pulcinelli FM and Lenti L (1998) Hydrogen Peroxide Is
Involved in Collagen-Induced Platelet Activation Blood 91 (2) 484-490
Pirola L Johnston AM Van Obberghen E (2004) Modulation of insulin
action Diabetologia 47170ndash84
Pitchersky E and Gang DR (2000) Genetics and biochemistry of
secondary metabolites in plants An evolutionary perspective Trends Plant
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Pompella A Visvikis A and Paolicchi A (2003) The changing faces of
glutathione a cellular protagonist [J] Biochem Pharmacl 66(8) 1499-1503
Prasad K (2010) Effects of vitamin E on serum enzymes and electrolytes in
hypercholesterolemia Molecular Cellular Biochemistry 335 67ndash74
Prasamthi Muralidhara K and Rajini PS (2005) Fenvalerate-induced
oxidative damage in rat tissues and its attenuation by dietary sesame oil
Food Chem Toxicol 43 299ndash306
Pryor WA (1993) Measurement of oxidative stress status in humans
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2 289-292
Puppo A (1992) Effect of flavonoids on hydroxyl radical formation by
Fenton-type reactions influence of the iron chelator Phytochemistry 31
85ndash88
Rachna A and Abdelhaq R (2003) Redistribution of glucose-6-phosphate
dehydrogenase in response to cerebral ischemia in rat brain Indian J Clin
Biochem 18 64-70
Rahman NN Khan M and Hasan R (1994) Bioactive components from
Ficus glomerata Pure and Applied Chemistry 66 2287ndash2290
Rajesh MG and Latha MS (2004) Preliminary evaluation of the
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Rajkapoor B Anandan R and Jayakar B (2002) Anti-ulcer effect of
Nigella sativa Linn against gastric ulcers in rats Curr Sci 82 177ndash179
Ramadan MF (2007) Nutritional value functional properties and
nutraceutical applications of black cumin (Nigella sativa L) an overview
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Ramadan MF and Moumlrsel JT (2004) Oxidative stability of black cumin
(Nigella sativa L) coriander (Coriandrum sativum L) and niger (Guizotia
abyssinica Cass) crude seed oils upon stripping Eur J Lipid Sci Technol
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Randhawa MA and Al-Ghamdi MS (2002) A review of the
pharmacotherapeutic effects of Nigella sativa Pakistan Journal of Medical
Research 41 77ndash83
Rao BR Murugresan T Sinha S Saha BP Pal M and Mandal SC
(2002) Glucose lowering efficacy of Ficus racemosa barks extract in normal
and alloxan diabetic rats Phytotherapy Research 16 590ndash592
Rao CV Arti R Verma M Vijayakumar S Rastogi (2008)
Gastroprotective effect of standardized extract of Ficus glomerata fruit on
experimental gastric ulcers in rats Journal of Ethnopharmacology 115
323ndash326
Rao KS (2009) Free radical induced oxidative damage to DNA relation to
brain aging and neurological disorders Indian J Biochem Biophys 46 9ndash15
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
Evans C (1999) Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231ndash1237
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
Evans C (1999) Antioxidant activity applying in an improved radical cation
decolorisation assay Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231-1237
Recknagel RO Glende EA JR Waller RL and Loery K (1982) Lipid
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toxicology in the liver edited by G L Plea and W R Hewilt (Raven press
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Reddy AR Chiatanya KV and vivekanandan M (2004) Draught
induced response of photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism in higher
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Reddy K P Subhani S M Khan P A and Kumar (1995) Effect of light
and benzyl adenine and dark- treated graving rice (Oryza sativa) leaves II
Changes in peroxidases activity Plant Cell Physiol 26 987- 994
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710-723
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ed New York Academic
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Robertson G Leclercq I and Farrell GC (2001) Nonalcoholic steatosis
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Antioxidant properties of polyphenol-containing extract from soybean
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Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis association of insulin resistance and
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Sun Q Ma J Campos H Hankinson SE Manson JE and Stampfer
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Wang Y Beydoun MA Liang L Caballero B and Kumanyika SK
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PMID 15046985
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Preparation and Pharmacological evaluation of plant material England John
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Wong CC Li HB Cheng KW and Chen FA (2006) Systematic
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Wouters K van Gorp PJ Bieghs V Gijbels MJ Duimel H
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rather than liver steatosis leads to hepatic inflammation in hyperlipidemic
mouse models of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Hepatology 48 474ndash486
Wymann MP and Schneiter R (2008) Lipid signalling in disease Nat
Rev Mol Cell Biol 9 162ndash176
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Yamaguchi K Yang L McCall S Huang J Yu XX Pandey SK
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triglyceride synthesis improves hepatic steatosis but exacerbates liver
damage and fibrosis in obese mice with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Hepatology 45 1366ndash1374
Yang H Roberts LJ Jian Shi M Chun Zhou Li Ballard BR
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Yang JS Lee SJ Park HW and Cha YS (2006) Effect of genistein
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high-fat dietndashinduced dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress A microarray
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spontaneous lipid peroxidation following glutathione depletion Plant Med
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ginseng prevents the onset of high-fat diet induced hyperglycemia and
obesity in ICR mice Arch Pham Res 27 790ndash6
Zak B (1954) Cholesterol Methodologies A review Clin Chem 23 1201
Zhai S Dai R Friedman FK and Vestal RE (1998) Drug Metab
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glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase via cAMP in aortic endothelial cells J
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Zhao B (2009) Natural antioxidants protect neurons in Alzheimerlsquos disease
and Parkinsonlsquos disease Neurochem Res 34 630ndash8
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241
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Hypolipidaemic effect of n-butanol extract from Asparagus officinalis L in
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L Goodly (Ed) Diagnostic Enzymology (pp 1ndash38) Philadelphia USA
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Harrison P Degen SJ Williams R and Farzaneh F (1994) Hepatic
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hypobromite-mediated radical formation and its role in cell lysis Arch
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388-389
Hedge K Joshi AB (2009) Hepatoprotective effect of Carissa carandus
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stress Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 47 660-667
Heibatollah S Reza NM Izadpanah G and Sohailla S (2008)
Hepatoprotective effect of Cichorium intybus on CCl4 induced liver damage
in rats African Journal of Biochemistry 2(6) 141-144
Helader L M Alakomi H-L Latva-Kala K Mattila- Sandholm T Pol
I Smid E J Gorris L G and Von Wright A (1998) J Agric Food
Chem46 3590
Heuman DM Pandak WM Hylemon PB and Vlahzevic ZR (1991)
Conjugates of ursodeoxycholate protect against cytotoxicity of more
hydrophobic bile salts Hepatology 14 920ndash926
Higuchi N Kato M and Shundo Y (2008) LiverXreceptor in cooperation
with SREBP-1c is a major lipid synthesis regulator in nonalcoholic fatty
liver disease Hepatol Res 38(11) 1122ndash9
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Intrinsic oxidative stress in cancer cells a biochemical basis for therapeutic
selectivity Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 53 209ndash19
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cause or constipation Lancet 344 721-724
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and Curi R (2007) Time-dependent effects of fatty acids on skeletal muscle
metabolism J Cell Physiol 210 7ndash15
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106 1219-1228
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erythrocyte superoxide dismutase with hydrogen peroxide
chemiluminescence and peroxidation Biochemistry 14 5299ndash5303
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in vivo British Medical Bulletin 49 494ndash505
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determination of free fatty acids in plasma J Lipid Res 22 377-381
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proteins activators of cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis Curr Opin
Lipidol 10 143ndash50
Houghton P J Zarka R Heras B and Hoult JRS (1995) Fixed oil of
Nigella sativa and derived thymoquinone inhibit eicosanoid generation in
leukocytes and membrane lipid peroxidation Planta Med 61 33-36
Houstis N Rosen ED Lander ES (2006) Reactive oxygen species have
a causal role in multiple forms of insulin resistance Nature 440944ndash8
httpclinicaltrialsgovct2showNCT00065676intrfrac1422quercetin
22amprankfrac145 (accessed 170609)
Hu C and Kitts DD (2005) Dendelion (Taraxacum officinale) flower
extract suppresses both reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide and prevents
lipid oxidation in vitro Phytomedicine 12 588ndash597
Huang D Ou B and Prior RL (2005) The chemistry behind antioxidant
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1841minus1856
Inzucchi SE (2002) Oral antihyperglycemic therapy for type 2 diabetes
scientific review Journal of American Medical Association 287 360ndash372
Iovin Nicole M Seema Pursnani Voldman A Wasserman G Blaser
MJ and Weinrauch Y (2008) Reactive nitrogen species contribute to
innate host defense against Camoylobacter jjuni Infection and Immunity
76(3) 986-93
Ismail M Ghanya Al-Naqeep Kim Wei Chan (2010) Nigella sativa
thymoquinone-rich fraction greatly improves plasma antioxidant capacity
and expression of antioxidant genes in hypercholesterolemic rats Free
Radical Biology amp Medicine 48 664ndash672
Itagaki S Kurokawa T Nakata C Saito Y Oikawa S Kobayashi T
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ferulic acid a comparative study with other natural oxidation inhibitors
Food Chem 114 466ndash471
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15 755-766
Jain S Dixit Malviya N and Ambawata V (2009) Antioxidant and
Hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic and aqueous extract of Amorphallus
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6(4) 423-428
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WB (ed) Enzymatic Basis of Detoxification Academic press New York
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James O and Day C (1999) Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis another disease
of affluence Lancet 353 (9165) 1634ndash1636
Jayasooriya A P Sakono M and Yukizaki C (2000) Effects of
Momordica charantia powder on serum glucose levels and various lipid
parameters in rats fed with cholesterol-free and cholesterolenriched diets
Journal of Ethnopharmacology 72(1-2)331-336
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Johnson IT (2004) New approaches to the role of diet in the prevention of
cancers of the alimentary tract Mutation Research 551(1ndash2) 9minus28
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phosphat dehydrogenase and the red cell Adv Exp Med Biol 500 595-605
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streptozotocin diabetes on some urea cycle enzyme Biochem BiophysRes
Commun 106 37-43
Joven J Rull A Ferreacute N Escolagrave-Gil JC Marsillach J Coll B
Alonso-Villaverde C Aragones G Claria J and Camps J (2007) The
results in rodent models of atherosclerosis are not interchangeable the
influence of diet and strain Atherosclerosis 195 e85ndashe92
Juntachote T and Berghofer E (2005) Antioxidative properties and
stability of ethanolic extracts of Holy basil and Galangal Food Chem 92
193ndash202
Juurlink BH and Paterson PG (1998) Review of oxidative stress in brain
and spinal cord injury suggestions for pharmacological and nutritional
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Kajikawa S Tsuyoshi Harada Akiko Kawashima Kazunori Imada and
Kiyoshi Mizuguchi (2009) Suppression of hepatic fat accumulation by
highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid prevents the progression of D-
galactosamine-induced hepatitis in mice fed with a high-fathigh-sucrose
diet Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1791 281ndash288
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BiochemBiophys 21 130- 132
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proliferators-activated receptors in the pathogenesis and treatment of
nonalcoholic fatty liver disease World J Gastroenterol 1422ndash8
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properties of tocopherols and tocotrienols Lipids 31 671-701
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Kantartzis K Peter A Machicao F Machann J Wagner S
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and Stefan N (2009) Diabetes 58 2616ndash2623
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Katina K Arendt E Liukkonen KH Autio K Flander L and Poutanen
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Khan N and Sultana ST (2005) Chemomodulatory effect of Ficus
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Nature reviews Drug discovery 3(11) 935ndash49 doi101038nrd1549
PMID 15520816
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Koek GH et al Clinica Chimica Acta xxx (2011) xxxndashxxx Koek GH et
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Koneacute WM Atindehou KK Terreaux C Hostettmann K Traoreacute D
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Kordali S Cakir A Mavi A Kilic H and Yildirim A (2005) Screening
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Koruk M Savascedil MC Yilmaz O Tayscedil iS Karakok M Guumlndolsquogdu C
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GLUT4 glucose transporter deficiency increases hepatic lipid production and
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ceramide concentrations are increased in the nonalcoholic human fatty liver
Diabetes 58(1) 203ndash8
Kowdley KV (2000) Ursodeoxycholic acid therapy in hepatobiliary
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Kraegen EW Clark PW Jenkins AB Daley EA Chisholm DJ and
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Krishnamoorthy V Divianathan S Subramanian B and Shanmugam M
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Kulinski A Vance DE and Vance JE (2004) A choline-deficient diet in
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Kurian GA and Paddikkala J (2009) Administration of aqueous extract of
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Lansky EP Helena M Paavilainena Alison D Pawlus B Robert A
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Le K Chiu F and Ng K (2007) Identification and quantification of
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Le PM Benhaddou-Andaloussi A Elimadi A Settaf A Cherrah Y
and Haddad P (2004) The petroleum ether extract of Nigella sativa exerts
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Lee GS Yan JS Ng RK Kakar S and Maher JJ (2007)
Polyunsaturated fat in the methionine-choline-deficient diet influences
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Lee JK N and Min DB (2004) Reactive Oxygen Species Aging and
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Lee KS Buck M Houglum K and Chojkier M (1995) Activation of
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Dietary carvacrol lowers body weight gain but improves feed conversion in
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Li H Wang QJ Zhu DN and Yang Y (2008) Reinioside C a
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Lieber CS Leo MA Mak KM Xu Y Cao Q Ren C
Ponomarenko A and DeCarli LM (2004) Model of nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 79(3) 502ndash509
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Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Instructorlsquos Resource Parthlsquos
Pathophysiology Concepts of Altered Health States Seventh edition 2008
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Liu F and Ng TB (2000) Antioxidative and free radical scavenging
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Lopez-Avila V L and A and Yefchak G (2009) Use of GC-QTOF MS to
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Lopez-Garcia E Schulze MB Meigs JB Manson JE Rifai N and
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Lugasi A Dworschak E Blazovics A and Kery A (1998) Antioxidant
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(Raphanus sativus I Varniger) root Phytother Res 12 502-506
Lyon CJ Law RE and Hsueh WA (2003) Minireview adiposity
inflammation and atherogenesis Endocrinology 144 2195ndash2200
Mabrouk GM Moselhy SS Zohny SF Ali EM Helal TE Amin
AA and Khalifa AA (2002) Inhibition of methylnitrosourea (MNU)
induced oxidative stress and carcinogenesis by orally administered bee honey
and Nigella grains in Sprague Dawely rats Journal of Experimental and
Clinical Cancer Research 21 (3) 341ndash346
Madan MP Raghavan G Singh AK and Palpu P (2005) Free radical
scavenging potential of Saussarea costua Acta Pharm 55 297-304
Mahendran P and Devi CSS (2001) The modulating effect of Garicinia
cambogia extract on ethanol induced peroxidative damage in rats Indian J
Pharmacology 33 87-91
Mahmoud MR El-Abhar HS and Saleh S (2002) The effect of Nigella
sativa oil against the liver damage induced by Shistosoma mansoni infection
in mice Journal of Ethnopharmacology 79 1ndash11
Makino I Shinozaki K Yoshino K and Nakagawa S (1975)
Dissolution of cholesterol gallstones by long-term administration of
ursodeoxycholic acid Nippon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi 72 690ndash702
Malik EP Singh MB (1980) Plant Enzymology and Hittoenzymology
1st Edn Kalyani Publishers New Delhi 286
Mallikharjuna PB Rajanna LN Seetharam YN and Sharanabasappa
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Medicinal Plant 4(4) 510-518
Manco M Calvani M and Mingrone G (2004) Effects of dietary fatty
acids on insulin sensitivity and secretion Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism
6 402ndash413
Manian R Anusuya N Siddhuraju P and Manian S (2008) The
antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging potential of two different
solvent extracts of Camellia sinensis (L) O Kuntz Ficus bengalensis L and
Ficus racemosa L Food Chemistry 107 1000ndash1007
Marchand LL Murphy SP Hankin JH Wilkens LR Kolonel LN
(2000) J Natl Cancer Inst 92 154
Marchesini G Bugianesi E Forlani G Cerrelli F Lenzi M Manini
R Natale S Vanni E Villanova N Melchionda N and Rizzetto M
(2003) Nonalcoholic fatty liver steatohepatitis and the metabolic syndrome
Hepatology 37 917ndash 923
Mari M Caballero F Colell A Morales A Caballeria J Fernandez
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Mitochondrial free cholesterol loading sensitizes to TNF and Fas-meidated
steatohepatitis Cell Metabolism 4 185ndash198
Marimuthu P Wu CL Chang HT and Chang ST (2008) Antioxidant
activity of the ethanolic extract from the bark of Chamaecyparis obtuse var
Formosana J Sci Food Agric 88
Mariod AA Ibrahim RM Ismail M and Ismail N (2009) Antioxidant
activity and phenolic content of phenolic rich fractions obtained from black
cumin (Nigella sativa) seedcake Food Chemistry 116 306ndash312
Maron DJ (2004) Flavonoids for reduction of atherosclerotic risk Curr
Atheroscler Rep 6 73-78
Marra F Gastaldelli A Svegliati Baroni G Tell G and Tiribelli C
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Mates JM Perez-Gomez C and Decastro IN (1999) Clin Chem 32
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Matsuzawa N Takamura T Kurita S Misu H Ota T Ando H
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Matsuzawa Y Shimomura I Nakamura T Keno Y Kotani K and
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Matthew Ricci (2008) NAFLD (Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease) A
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Matthew Cave Ion Deaciuc Christian Mendez Zhenyuan Song Swati
Joshi-Barve Shirish Barve Craig McClain (2007) Nonalcoholic fatty liver
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Biochemistry 18 184ndash 195
Mavrelis PG Ammon HV Gleysteen JJ Komorowski RA and
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morbid obesity Hepatology 3 226ndash231
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edition 588-
590
Mazur A Bayle D Lab C Rock E and Rayssiguier Y (1999)
Inhibitory effect of procyanidin-rich extracts on LDL oxidation in vitro
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McCay PB (1985) Vitamin E Interactions with free radicals and
ascorbate Ann Rev Nutr 5 323-340
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of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Clinics in Liver Disease 8 521ndash533
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Assessing potential bioavallability of raspberry anthocyanins using an in
vitro digestion system Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53(15)
5896minus5904
Mehta B K Sharma U Pandit V Agrawal S Joshi N and Gupta M
(2008) Med Chem Res 17 462ndash473
Meng EC Shoichet BK and Kuntz ID (2004) Automated docking
with grid-based energy evaluation Journal of Computational Chemistry 13
(4) 505ndash524 doi101002jcc540130412
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genotypes under stress of different concentrations of sucrose and sorbito
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patients Nutr Rev 58 278-281
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biochemical toxicology 3rd
Edition edited by E Hodgson and R C Smart (A
John Wiley amp Sons Inc New York) 487
Mezzetti A Di Ilio C Calafiore AM Aceto A Marzio L Frederici G
and Cuccurullo F (1990) Glutathione peroxidase glutathione reductase and
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Milagro FI Campioacuten J and Martiacutenez JA (2006) Weight gain induced
by high-fat feeding involves increased liver oxidative stress Obesity (Silver
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Miliauskas G Venskutonis PR and Van Beek TA (2004) Screening of
radical scavenging activity of some medicinal and aromatic plant extracts
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Ming M Guanhua L Zhanhai Y Guang C and Xuan Z (2009) Effect
of the Lycium barbarum polysaccharides administration on blood lipid
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Misra A Khurana L Vikram NK Goel A and Wasir JS (2007)
Metabolic syndrome in children current issues and South Asian perspective
Nutrition 23(11ndash12)895ndash910
Misra A Misra R Wijesuriya M and Banerjee D (2007) The metabolic
syndrome in south Asians continuing escalation amp possible solutions Indian
J Med Res 125(3)345ndash54
Misra A Vikram NK (2004) Insulin resistance syndrome (metabolic
syndrome) and obesity in Asian Indians Evidence and implications
Nutrition 20482ndash491
Mithra SK Seshadri SJ Venkataranganna MV Gopumadhavan S
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Owen R W Giacosa A Hull W E Haubner R Spiegelhalder B and
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diabetes Science 306457ndash61
Ozturk-Urek R Bozkaya LA and Tarhan L (2001) The effects of some
antioxidant vitamins and trace elements supplemented diets on activities of
SOD CAT GSH-Px and LPO levels in chicken tissues Cell Biochemistry
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peroxynitrite in health and disease Physiol Rev 87 (1) 315ndash424
Pacher P Beckman JS and Liaudet L (2007) Nitric oxide and
peroxynitrite In health and disease Physiological Reviews 87(1) 315ndash424
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Pan HZ Zhang H Chang D Li H and Sui H (2008) The change of
oxidative stress products in diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy Br J
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tissue growth factor expression a potential mechanism involved in
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Paranjpe P (2001) Indian Medicinal Plants Forgotten Healers A Guide to
Ayurvedic Herbal Medicine Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratisthan Delhi p316
Park CH Yamabe N Noh JS Kang KS Tanaka T Yokozawa T
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Parrotta JA (2006) Healing Plants of Peninsular India CABI Publishing
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Patchett AA and Nargund RP (2000) Annu Rep Med Chem 35
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Pauly Nicolas Pucciariello C Mandon K Innocenti G Jamet A
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Peach and Tracey MV (1955) In modern methods of plant analyse 4
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Perez C Canal JR and Torres MD (2003) Experimental diabetes treated
with Ficus carica extract effect on oxidative stress parameters Acta
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Perez-Amador MC Ocotero VM Castaneda JMG and Esquinca
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Perry G Cash AD Srinivas R and Smith MA (2002) Metals and
oxidative homeostasis in Alzheimerlsquos disease Drug Development and
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Pirola L Johnston AM Van Obberghen E (2004) Modulation of insulin
action Diabetologia 47170ndash84
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Prasad K (2010) Effects of vitamin E on serum enzymes and electrolytes in
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oxidative damage in rat tissues and its attenuation by dietary sesame oil
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Puppo A (1992) Effect of flavonoids on hydroxyl radical formation by
Fenton-type reactions influence of the iron chelator Phytochemistry 31
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Rahman NN Khan M and Hasan R (1994) Bioactive components from
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Rajesh MG and Latha MS (2004) Preliminary evaluation of the
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Rajkapoor B Anandan R and Jayakar B (2002) Anti-ulcer effect of
Nigella sativa Linn against gastric ulcers in rats Curr Sci 82 177ndash179
Ramadan MF (2007) Nutritional value functional properties and
nutraceutical applications of black cumin (Nigella sativa L) an overview
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Ramadan MF and Moumlrsel JT (2004) Oxidative stability of black cumin
(Nigella sativa L) coriander (Coriandrum sativum L) and niger (Guizotia
abyssinica Cass) crude seed oils upon stripping Eur J Lipid Sci Technol
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Randhawa MA and Al-Ghamdi MS (2002) A review of the
pharmacotherapeutic effects of Nigella sativa Pakistan Journal of Medical
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Rao BR Murugresan T Sinha S Saha BP Pal M and Mandal SC
(2002) Glucose lowering efficacy of Ficus racemosa barks extract in normal
and alloxan diabetic rats Phytotherapy Research 16 590ndash592
Rao CV Arti R Verma M Vijayakumar S Rastogi (2008)
Gastroprotective effect of standardized extract of Ficus glomerata fruit on
experimental gastric ulcers in rats Journal of Ethnopharmacology 115
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Rao KS (2009) Free radical induced oxidative damage to DNA relation to
brain aging and neurological disorders Indian J Biochem Biophys 46 9ndash15
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
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Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
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and benzyl adenine and dark- treated graving rice (Oryza sativa) leaves II
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Reitman S Frankel S (1957) Amer JClin Path 2856
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(eds) Standard methods of clinical chemistry 6th
ed New York Academic
press 6 215-222
Rice-Evans CA Miller NJ and Paganga G (1996) Structurendashantioxidant
activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids J Free Radic Biol
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Richter C (1987) Biophysical consequences of lipid peroxidation in
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Rinella ME Elias MS Smolak RR Fu T Borensztajn J and Green
RM (2008) Mechanisms of hepatic steatosis in mice fed a lipogenic
methionine choline-deficient diet J Lipid Res 491068ndash76
Rizvi MMA Irshad M Hassadi GE and Younis SB (2009) Bio
efficacies of Cassia fistula An Indian labrum African Journal of Pharmacy
and Pharmacology 3(6) 287-292
Robak J Gryglewski RJ (1988) Flavonoids are scavengers of superoxide
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Robak J Maran and Kiewicz R (1995) Scavenging of reactive oxygen
species as the mechanism of drug action Polish J of Pharmacol 47 89-98
Robert M (2006) Mineral surfaces and the prebiotic selection and
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Roberts CK Barnard RJ Sindhu RK Jurczak M Ehdaie A and
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and antioxidant enzymes in diet-induced metabolic syndrome Metabolism
55 928ndash934
Robertson G Leclercq I and Farrell GC (2001) Nonalcoholic steatosis
and steatohepatitis II Cytochrome P-450 enzymes and oxidative stress
American Journal of Physiology Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 281
(5) G1135ndashG1139
Roe J H and Keuther C A (1943) The determination of ascorbic acid in
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Rohrdanz E Schmuck G Ohler S and Kahl R (2001) The influence of
oxidative stress on catalase and MnSOD gene transcription in astrocytes
Brain Res 900 128-136
Rojas C Cadenas S Lopez-Torres M Perez-Campo R and Barja G
(1996) Increase in heart glutathione redox and total antioxidant capacity and
dcrease in lipid peroxidation after vitamin E dietary supplementation in
guinea pigs Free Radic Biol Med 21 907-15
Romeo S Sentinelli F Dash S Yeo GS Savage DB Leonetti F
Capoccia D Incani M Maglio C Iacovino M OlsquoRahilly S and Baroni
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Romero AM Mirtha MD Sturia MA and Judis MA (2004)
Antioxidant properties of polyphenol-containing extract from soybean
fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae Eur J Lipid Sci Technol 106
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Rosen HR and Keefe EB (1998) Laboratory evaluation of the patient
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820
Rosenberg HR (1992) Chemistry and Physiology of the citamins Inter
Science Publishers Inc New York 452-453
Rosselli MS Adriana L Burgue˜nob Julieta Carabelli Mariano Schumanb
Carlos J Pirolab and Silvia Sookoiana (2009) Losartan reduces liver
expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in a high fat-induced
rat nonalcoholic fatty liver disease model Atherosclerosis 206 119ndash126
Roy S Sehgal R Pahdy BM and Kumar VL (2005) Antioxidant and
protective effect of Calotropis procera against alloxan-induced diabetics in
rats J Ethanopharmacol 102 470-473
Ryan L OConnell O OSullivan L Aherne SA and OBrien NM
(2008) Micellarisation of carotenoids from raw and cooked vegetables
Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 63(3) 127minus133
Sadasivam S Manickam A (1997) Biochemical methods Second edition
Newage international Pvt Ltd
Sagi Y and Youdim MBH (2008) The neuroprotective effect of
ladostigil against hydrogen peroxide-mediated cytotoxicity Chem-Biol
Interact 175 318ndash26
Sahai A Malladi P Melin-Aldana H Green RM and Whitington PF
(2004) Up regulation of osteopontin expression is involved in the
development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in a dietary murine model Am
J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 287 G264-G273
Sahreen S Rashid Khan M and Ali Khan R (2010) Evaluation of
antioxidant activities of various solvent extracts of Carissa opaca fruits
Food Chemistry 122 1205ndash1211
Sairam K Rao ChV Babu MD Kumar V Agarwal VK and Goel
RK (2002) Antiulcerogenic activity of methanolic extract of Emblica
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Sallie R Tredgr JM and William (1999) Drugs and the liver Biopharm
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Antioxidative properties of xanthan on the autoxidation of soybean oil in
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Antioxidant effect of aqueous extract of the bark of Ficus bengalensis in
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Yang H Roberts LJ Jian Shi M Chun Zhou Li Ballard BR
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Yang JS Lee SJ Park HW and Cha YS (2006) Effect of genistein
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Yang S Zhu H Li Y Lin H Gabrielson K Trush MA and Diehl
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Yu L Haley S Perret J Harris M Wilson J and Qian M (2002) Free
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Yun SN Moon SJ Ko SK Im BO and Chung SH (2004) Wild
ginseng prevents the onset of high-fat diet induced hyperglycemia and
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Zak B (1954) Cholesterol Methodologies A review Clin Chem 23 1201
Zhai S Dai R Friedman FK and Vestal RE (1998) Drug Metab
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Zhang HM Chen SW Zhang LS and Feng XF (2008) The effects of
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Zhao B (2009) Natural antioxidants protect neurons in Alzheimerlsquos disease
and Parkinsonlsquos disease Neurochem Res 34 630ndash8
Zheng S Hoos L Cook J Tetzloff G Harry DJ and Van Heek M
(2008) Ezetimibe improves high fat and cholesterol diet-induced non-
alcoholic fatty liver disease Vascular Health and Risk Management 4 235ndash
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Zhu X Zhang W Pang X Wang J Zhao J and Qu W (2011)
Hypolipidaemic effect of n-butanol extract from Asparagus officinalis L in
mice fed a high-fat diet Phytotherapy Research 31 doi101002ptr3380
Zimmerman H J and Seeff L B (1970) Enzymes in hepatic disease In E
L Goodly (Ed) Diagnostic Enzymology (pp 1ndash38) Philadelphia USA
Lea amp Febiger
Zimmet P Shaw J and Alberti KG (2003) Preventing Type 2 Diabetes
and the Dysmetabolic Syndrome in the Real World a Realistic View Diabet
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Heibatollah S Reza NM Izadpanah G and Sohailla S (2008)
Hepatoprotective effect of Cichorium intybus on CCl4 induced liver damage
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I Smid E J Gorris L G and Von Wright A (1998) J Agric Food
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Heuman DM Pandak WM Hylemon PB and Vlahzevic ZR (1991)
Conjugates of ursodeoxycholate protect against cytotoxicity of more
hydrophobic bile salts Hepatology 14 920ndash926
Higuchi N Kato M and Shundo Y (2008) LiverXreceptor in cooperation
with SREBP-1c is a major lipid synthesis regulator in nonalcoholic fatty
liver disease Hepatol Res 38(11) 1122ndash9
Hileman EO Liu J Albitar M Keating MJ and Huang P (2004)
Intrinsic oxidative stress in cancer cells a biochemical basis for therapeutic
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in vivo British Medical Bulletin 49 494ndash505
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determination of free fatty acids in plasma J Lipid Res 22 377-381
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proteins activators of cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis Curr Opin
Lipidol 10 143ndash50
Houghton P J Zarka R Heras B and Hoult JRS (1995) Fixed oil of
Nigella sativa and derived thymoquinone inhibit eicosanoid generation in
leukocytes and membrane lipid peroxidation Planta Med 61 33-36
Houstis N Rosen ED Lander ES (2006) Reactive oxygen species have
a causal role in multiple forms of insulin resistance Nature 440944ndash8
httpclinicaltrialsgovct2showNCT00065676intrfrac1422quercetin
22amprankfrac145 (accessed 170609)
Hu C and Kitts DD (2005) Dendelion (Taraxacum officinale) flower
extract suppresses both reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide and prevents
lipid oxidation in vitro Phytomedicine 12 588ndash597
Huang D Ou B and Prior RL (2005) The chemistry behind antioxidant
capacity assays Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53(6)
1841minus1856
Inzucchi SE (2002) Oral antihyperglycemic therapy for type 2 diabetes
scientific review Journal of American Medical Association 287 360ndash372
Iovin Nicole M Seema Pursnani Voldman A Wasserman G Blaser
MJ and Weinrauch Y (2008) Reactive nitrogen species contribute to
innate host defense against Camoylobacter jjuni Infection and Immunity
76(3) 986-93
Ismail M Ghanya Al-Naqeep Kim Wei Chan (2010) Nigella sativa
thymoquinone-rich fraction greatly improves plasma antioxidant capacity
and expression of antioxidant genes in hypercholesterolemic rats Free
Radical Biology amp Medicine 48 664ndash672
Itagaki S Kurokawa T Nakata C Saito Y Oikawa S Kobayashi T
Hirano T and Iseki K (2009) In vitro and in vivo antioxidant properties of
ferulic acid a comparative study with other natural oxidation inhibitors
Food Chem 114 466ndash471
Jacob RA (1995) The integrated antioxidant system Nutrition Research
15 755-766
Jain S Dixit Malviya N and Ambawata V (2009) Antioxidant and
Hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic and aqueous extract of Amorphallus
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6(4) 423-428
Jakoby WB and Habig WH (1998) Glutathione transferases In Jakoby
WB (ed) Enzymatic Basis of Detoxification Academic press New York
63-94
James O and Day C (1999) Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis another disease
of affluence Lancet 353 (9165) 1634ndash1636
Jayasooriya A P Sakono M and Yukizaki C (2000) Effects of
Momordica charantia powder on serum glucose levels and various lipid
parameters in rats fed with cholesterol-free and cholesterolenriched diets
Journal of Ethnopharmacology 72(1-2)331-336
Jendrassik L and Grof P (1938) Biochem 2297 81
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cancers of the alimentary tract Mutation Research 551(1ndash2) 9minus28
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phosphat dehydrogenase and the red cell Adv Exp Med Biol 500 595-605
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streptozotocin diabetes on some urea cycle enzyme Biochem BiophysRes
Commun 106 37-43
Joven J Rull A Ferreacute N Escolagrave-Gil JC Marsillach J Coll B
Alonso-Villaverde C Aragones G Claria J and Camps J (2007) The
results in rodent models of atherosclerosis are not interchangeable the
influence of diet and strain Atherosclerosis 195 e85ndashe92
Juntachote T and Berghofer E (2005) Antioxidative properties and
stability of ethanolic extracts of Holy basil and Galangal Food Chem 92
193ndash202
Juurlink BH and Paterson PG (1998) Review of oxidative stress in brain
and spinal cord injury suggestions for pharmacological and nutritional
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Kiyoshi Mizuguchi (2009) Suppression of hepatic fat accumulation by
highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid prevents the progression of D-
galactosamine-induced hepatitis in mice fed with a high-fathigh-sucrose
diet Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1791 281ndash288
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BiochemBiophys 21 130- 132
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proliferators-activated receptors in the pathogenesis and treatment of
nonalcoholic fatty liver disease World J Gastroenterol 1422ndash8
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properties of tocopherols and tocotrienols Lipids 31 671-701
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Kamboj VP (2000) Herbal medicine Curr Med 78 35-39
Kantartzis K Peter A Machicao F Machann J Wagner S
Koumlnigsrainer I Koumlnigsrainer A Schick F Fritsche A Haumlring HU
and Stefan N (2009) Diabetes 58 2616ndash2623
Kappus H (1991) Lipid peroxidation-mechanism and biological relevance
In O I Aruoma amp B Halliwell (Eds) Free radicals and food additives (pp
59ndash75) London UK Taylor and Francis Press
Karan M Vasisht K and Handa SS (1999) Antihepatotoxic activity of
Swrtia chirata on paracetamol and galactosamine induced hepatotoxicity in
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Kumaryasava on CCl4 induced hepatic damage in rats Indian Journal of
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Katina K Arendt E Liukkonen KH Autio K Flander L and Poutanen
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Science and Technology 16 104ndash112
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Free Radical Research 24 199ndash204
Kaufmann (1999) National products of high pharmacological potency
Biochem pharmacol 32 1141-1148
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and profound elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase in healthy
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Khan MS Nema N Kharya MD and Khanam S (2009)
Chromatographic estimation of maturity based phytochemical profiling of
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Khan N and Sultana ST (2005) Chemomodulatory effect of Ficus
racemosa extract against chemically induced renal carcinogenesis and
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Kim YS Bahn KN Hah CK Gang HI and Ha YL (2008)
Inhibition of 712-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene induced mouse skin
carcinogenesis by Artemisia capillaries J Food Sci 73 T16ndash20
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(SP) prevents the onset of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in Zucker
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Nature reviews Drug discovery 3(11) 935ndash49 doi101038nrd1549
PMID 15520816
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Krishnamoorthy V Divianathan S Subramanian B and Shanmugam M
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Lansky EP Helena M Paavilainena Alison D Pawlus B Robert A
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Laurin J Lindor KD Crippin JS Gossard A Gores GJ Ludwig J
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Le K Chiu F and Ng K (2007) Identification and quantification of
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Le PM Benhaddou-Andaloussi A Elimadi A Settaf A Cherrah Y
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Lee GS Yan JS Ng RK Kakar S and Maher JJ (2007)
Polyunsaturated fat in the methionine-choline-deficient diet influences
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Lee JK N and Min DB (2004) Reactive Oxygen Species Aging and
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Lee KS Buck M Houglum K and Chojkier M (1995) Activation of
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Lee KW Everts H Kappert HJ Yeom KH and Beynen AC (2003)
Dietary carvacrol lowers body weight gain but improves feed conversion in
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Lenhard JM (2007) Gottschalk WK (2002) Preclinical developmentsin
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Lieber CS Leo MA Mak KM Xu Y Cao Q Ren C
Ponomarenko A and DeCarli LM (2004) Model of nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 79(3) 502ndash509
Lin J Yang R Tarr PT Wu PH Handschin C and Li S (2005)
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Lindor KD Dickson ER Baldus WP Jorgensen RA Ludwig J
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Lindor KD Kodley KV Heathcote EJ Harrison ME Jorgensen R and
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Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Instructorlsquos Resource Parthlsquos
Pathophysiology Concepts of Altered Health States Seventh edition 2008
Liu C H Hung M T and Huang P C (1995) Source of triacylglycerol
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Liu F and Ng TB (2000) Antioxidative and free radical scavenging
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Liu L and Meydani M (2002) Combined vitamin C and E
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Lizardi-Cervera J and Aquilar-Zapata D (2009) Nonalcoholic fatty liver
disease and its association with cardiovascular disease 8 S40ndashS43
Lopez-Avila V L and A and Yefchak G (2009) Use of GC-QTOF MS to
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Lopez-Garcia E Schulze MB Meigs JB Manson JE Rifai N and
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Louchami K Zhang Y Oguzhan B Delporte C Portois L and
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Ludwig J Viggiano TR McGill DB and Ott BJ (1980) Non-alcoholic
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Lugasi A Dworschak E Blazovics A and Kery A (1998) Antioxidant
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Lyon CJ Law RE and Hsueh WA (2003) Minireview adiposity
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Mabrouk GM Moselhy SS Zohny SF Ali EM Helal TE Amin
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Madan MP Raghavan G Singh AK and Palpu P (2005) Free radical
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Mahendran P and Devi CSS (2001) The modulating effect of Garicinia
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Mahmoud MR El-Abhar HS and Saleh S (2002) The effect of Nigella
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Makino I Shinozaki K Yoshino K and Nakagawa S (1975)
Dissolution of cholesterol gallstones by long-term administration of
ursodeoxycholic acid Nippon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi 72 690ndash702
Malik EP Singh MB (1980) Plant Enzymology and Hittoenzymology
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Mallikharjuna PB Rajanna LN Seetharam YN and Sharanabasappa
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Medicinal Plant 4(4) 510-518
Manco M Calvani M and Mingrone G (2004) Effects of dietary fatty
acids on insulin sensitivity and secretion Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism
6 402ndash413
Manian R Anusuya N Siddhuraju P and Manian S (2008) The
antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging potential of two different
solvent extracts of Camellia sinensis (L) O Kuntz Ficus bengalensis L and
Ficus racemosa L Food Chemistry 107 1000ndash1007
Marchand LL Murphy SP Hankin JH Wilkens LR Kolonel LN
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Marchesini G Bugianesi E Forlani G Cerrelli F Lenzi M Manini
R Natale S Vanni E Villanova N Melchionda N and Rizzetto M
(2003) Nonalcoholic fatty liver steatohepatitis and the metabolic syndrome
Hepatology 37 917ndash 923
Mari M Caballero F Colell A Morales A Caballeria J Fernandez
A Enrich C Fernandez-Checa JC and Garcia-Ruiz C (2006)
Mitochondrial free cholesterol loading sensitizes to TNF and Fas-meidated
steatohepatitis Cell Metabolism 4 185ndash198
Marimuthu P Wu CL Chang HT and Chang ST (2008) Antioxidant
activity of the ethanolic extract from the bark of Chamaecyparis obtuse var
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Mariod AA Ibrahim RM Ismail M and Ismail N (2009) Antioxidant
activity and phenolic content of phenolic rich fractions obtained from black
cumin (Nigella sativa) seedcake Food Chemistry 116 306ndash312
Maron DJ (2004) Flavonoids for reduction of atherosclerotic risk Curr
Atheroscler Rep 6 73-78
Marra F Gastaldelli A Svegliati Baroni G Tell G and Tiribelli C
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steatohepatitis Trends Mol Med 14 72ndash81
Mason JS Morize I Menard PR Cheney DL Hulme C and
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Mates JM Perez-Gomez C and Decastro IN (1999) Clin Chem 32
595-603
Matsuzawa N Takamura T Kurita S Misu H Ota T Ando H
Yokoyama M Honda M Zen Y Nakanuma Y Miyamoto K and
Kaneko S (2007) Lipid-induced oxidative stress causes steatohepatitis in
mice fed an atherogenic diet Hepatology 46 1392ndash1403
Matsuzawa Y Shimomura I Nakamura T Keno Y Kotani K and
Tokunaga K (1995) Pathophysiology and pathogenesis of visceral fat
obesity Obes Res 3 187Sndash194S
Matteoni C Younossi Z Gramlich T Boparai N and Liu Y (1999)
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease a spectrum of clinical and pathological
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Matthaei S StumvollM Kellerer M and Haring (2000) Endocr H-U
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Matthew Ricci (2008) NAFLD (Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease) A
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Matthew Cave Ion Deaciuc Christian Mendez Zhenyuan Song Swati
Joshi-Barve Shirish Barve Craig McClain (2007) Nonalcoholic fatty liver
disease predisposing factors and the role of nutrition Journal of Nutritional
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Mavrelis PG Ammon HV Gleysteen JJ Komorowski RA and
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Mayes AP (1993) Structure and function of the lipid soluble vitamins In
Murray KR Graner KD Mayes AP and Rodwell WV Harperlsquos
Biochemistry Chap 53 Prentice-Hall International Inc 23rd
edition 588-
590
Mazur A Bayle D Lab C Rock E and Rayssiguier Y (1999)
Inhibitory effect of procyanidin-rich extracts on LDL oxidation in vitro
Atherosclerosis 145 421ndash422
McCay PB (1985) Vitamin E Interactions with free radicals and
ascorbate Ann Rev Nutr 5 323-340
McCullough AJ (2004) The clinical features diagnosis and natural history
of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Clinics in Liver Disease 8 521ndash533
McDougall GJ Dobson P Smith P Blake A and Stewart D (2005)
Assessing potential bioavallability of raspberry anthocyanins using an in
vitro digestion system Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53(15)
5896minus5904
Mehta B K Sharma U Pandit V Agrawal S Joshi N and Gupta M
(2008) Med Chem Res 17 462ndash473
Meng EC Shoichet BK and Kuntz ID (2004) Automated docking
with grid-based energy evaluation Journal of Computational Chemistry 13
(4) 505ndash524 doi101002jcc540130412
Merchant JR Bakshi VM and Engineer AB (1979) Chemical
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Mervat MM and Taie HAA (2009) Antioxidant activities total
anthocyanins phenolics and flavonoids contents of some sweet potato
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Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 3(4) 3609-3616
Meydani M (2000) Vitamin E and prevention of heart disease in high-risk
patients Nutr Rev 58 278-281
Meyer SA and Kulkarni AP (2001) Hepatotoxicity in Introduction to
biochemical toxicology 3rd
Edition edited by E Hodgson and R C Smart (A
John Wiley amp Sons Inc New York) 487
Mezzetti A Di Ilio C Calafiore AM Aceto A Marzio L Frederici G
and Cuccurullo F (1990) Glutathione peroxidase glutathione reductase and
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Cell Cardiol 22 935-938
Michael Metz (2005) Liver function tests IMVS News letter 57
Michalak A (2006) Phenolic compounds and their antioxidant activity in
plants growing under heavy metal stress Polish J Environ Studies 15(4)
523-530
Milagro FI Campioacuten J and Martiacutenez JA (2006) Weight gain induced
by high-fat feeding involves increased liver oxidative stress Obesity (Silver
Spring) 14 1118ndash1123
Miliauskas G Venskutonis PR and Van Beek TA (2004) Screening of
radical scavenging activity of some medicinal and aromatic plant extracts
Food Chemistry 85 231ndash237
Ming M Guanhua L Zhanhai Y Guang C and Xuan Z (2009) Effect
of the Lycium barbarum polysaccharides administration on blood lipid
metabolism and oxidative stress of mice fed high-fat diet in vivo Food
Chemistry 113 872ndash877
Misra A Khurana L Vikram NK Goel A and Wasir JS (2007)
Metabolic syndrome in children current issues and South Asian perspective
Nutrition 23(11ndash12)895ndash910
Misra A Misra R Wijesuriya M and Banerjee D (2007) The metabolic
syndrome in south Asians continuing escalation amp possible solutions Indian
J Med Res 125(3)345ndash54
Misra A Vikram NK (2004) Insulin resistance syndrome (metabolic
syndrome) and obesity in Asian Indians Evidence and implications
Nutrition 20482ndash491
Mithra SK Seshadri SJ Venkataranganna MV Gopumadhavan S
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formulation in galactosamine induced hepatopathy in rats Indian J Physiol
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Mucuna pruriens Linn And formation containing Mpruriens by HPTLC
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mushroom against rat liver oxidative damage and fibrosis induced by CCL4
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India 52468ndash474
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antioxidant vitamins and trace elements supplemented diets on activities of
SOD CAT GSH-Px and LPO levels in chicken tissues Cell Biochemistry
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peroxynitrite In health and disease Physiological Reviews 87(1) 315ndash424
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Pan HZ Zhang H Chang D Li H and Sui H (2008) The change of
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Ayurvedic Herbal Medicine Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratisthan Delhi p316
Park CH Yamabe N Noh JS Kang KS Tanaka T Yokozawa T
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Perez-Amador MC Ocotero VM Castaneda JMG and Esquinca
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oxidative homeostasis in Alzheimerlsquos disease Drug Development and
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action Diabetologia 47170ndash84
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Prasad K (2010) Effects of vitamin E on serum enzymes and electrolytes in
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oxidative damage in rat tissues and its attenuation by dietary sesame oil
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Rahman NN Khan M and Hasan R (1994) Bioactive components from
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Rajkapoor B Anandan R and Jayakar B (2002) Anti-ulcer effect of
Nigella sativa Linn against gastric ulcers in rats Curr Sci 82 177ndash179
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nutraceutical applications of black cumin (Nigella sativa L) an overview
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Ramadan MF and Moumlrsel JT (2004) Oxidative stability of black cumin
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Randhawa MA and Al-Ghamdi MS (2002) A review of the
pharmacotherapeutic effects of Nigella sativa Pakistan Journal of Medical
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Rao BR Murugresan T Sinha S Saha BP Pal M and Mandal SC
(2002) Glucose lowering efficacy of Ficus racemosa barks extract in normal
and alloxan diabetic rats Phytotherapy Research 16 590ndash592
Rao CV Arti R Verma M Vijayakumar S Rastogi (2008)
Gastroprotective effect of standardized extract of Ficus glomerata fruit on
experimental gastric ulcers in rats Journal of Ethnopharmacology 115
323ndash326
Rao KS (2009) Free radical induced oxidative damage to DNA relation to
brain aging and neurological disorders Indian J Biochem Biophys 46 9ndash15
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
Evans C (1999) Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231ndash1237
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
Evans C (1999) Antioxidant activity applying in an improved radical cation
decolorisation assay Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231-1237
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Reitman S Frankel S (1957) Amer JClin Path 2856
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ed New York Academic
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activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids J Free Radic Biol
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Rinella ME Elias MS Smolak RR Fu T Borensztajn J and Green
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Roberts CK Barnard RJ Sindhu RK Jurczak M Ehdaie A and
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and antioxidant enzymes in diet-induced metabolic syndrome Metabolism
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Robertson G Leclercq I and Farrell GC (2001) Nonalcoholic steatosis
and steatohepatitis II Cytochrome P-450 enzymes and oxidative stress
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Romeo S Sentinelli F Dash S Yeo GS Savage DB Leonetti F
Capoccia D Incani M Maglio C Iacovino M OlsquoRahilly S and Baroni
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Romero AM Mirtha MD Sturia MA and Judis MA (2004)
Antioxidant properties of polyphenol-containing extract from soybean
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Rosenberg HR (1992) Chemistry and Physiology of the citamins Inter
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Rosselli MS Adriana L Burgue˜nob Julieta Carabelli Mariano Schumanb
Carlos J Pirolab and Silvia Sookoiana (2009) Losartan reduces liver
expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in a high fat-induced
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protective effect of Calotropis procera against alloxan-induced diabetics in
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Ryan L OConnell O OSullivan L Aherne SA and OBrien NM
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Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 63(3) 127minus133
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Sagi Y and Youdim MBH (2008) The neuroprotective effect of
ladostigil against hydrogen peroxide-mediated cytotoxicity Chem-Biol
Interact 175 318ndash26
Sahai A Malladi P Melin-Aldana H Green RM and Whitington PF
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development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in a dietary murine model Am
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antioxidant activities of various solvent extracts of Carissa opaca fruits
Food Chemistry 122 1205ndash1211
Sairam K Rao ChV Babu MD Kumar V Agarwal VK and Goel
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Samuel VT Liu ZX Qu X Elder BD Bilz S Befroy D Romanelli
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Sanyal AJ (2001) Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease a medical consequence
of globalisation Indian JGastroenterol 20 215-216
Sanyal AJ (2002) GA technical review on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Gastroenterology 123 1705ndash1725
Sanyal AJ Campbell-Sargent C Mirshahi F Rizzo WB Contos MJ
Sterling RK Luketic VA Shiffman ML and Clore JN (2001)
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis association of insulin resistance and
mitochondrial abnormalities Gastroenterology 120 (5) 1183ndash1192
Sarabu R and Tilley J (2005) Annu Rep Med Chem 40 167e181
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Sasaki YF Kawaguchi S KamayaA OhshitaM Kabasawa K and
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Satheesh AM and Pari L (2004) Antioxidant effect of Boerhavia diffusa
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Sauberlich HE (1999) Laboratory tests for the assessment of nutritional
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Ed CRC press Boca RatonFL
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and adipocyte hormones and their modulation by rosiglitazone and
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Scherer R and Godoy HT (2009) Antioxidant activity index (AAI) by the
22- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method Food Chemistry 112 654ndash658
Schrauwen P (2007) High-fat diet muscular lipotoxicity and insulin
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Scott MD Lubin BH Zuo L and Kuypers FA (1991) Erythrocyte
defence against hydrogen peroxide Preeminent importance of catalase J
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Sen CK (1995) Oxygen toxicity and antioxidants state of the art Int J
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Sen CK (2003) The general case for redox control of wound repair
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Seth and Bhawana Sharma (2004) Medicinal plants in India Commentary
Indian J Med Res 120 9-11
Sgro C and Escousse A (1991) Side effects of fibrates (except liver and
muscle) Therapie 46 351ndash354
Sharma SK and Gupta VK (2008) PHCOG MAGRearch article In vitro
antioxidant studies of Ficus Racemosa Linnroot 13 (4) 70-74
Sharma P and Dubey RSH (2005) Drought induces stress and enhances
the activities of antioxidant enzymes in growing rice seedlings Plant Growth
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Shenoy KA Somayaji SN and Bairy KL (2001) Hepatoprotective
effects of Ginkgo biloba against CCl4 induced hepatic injury in rats Ind J
Pharamacol 33 260-266
Shigeoka S Ishikawa T Tamoi M Miyagawa Y Takeda T Yabuta
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peroxidise isoenzymes J Exp Bot 53(372) 1305-1319
Shimada K Fujikawa K Yahara K and Nakamura T (1992)
Antioxidative properties of xanthan on the autoxidation of soybean oil in
cyclodextrin emulsion J Agric Food Chem 40 945ndash948
Shimano H (2009) SREBPs physiology and pathophysiology of the
SREBP family FEBS J 276616ndash621
Shimizu MH Araujo M Borges SM De Tolassa EM and Seguro
AC (2004) Influence of age and vitamin E on post-ischemic acute renal
failure Exp Gerontol 39 825-830
Shoelson SE Lee J and Goldfine AB (2006) Inflammation and insulin
resistance J Clin Invest 116 1793ndash1801
Shukla R Gupta S Gambhir JK Prabhu KM and Murthy PS (2004)
Antioxidant effect of aqueous extract of the bark of Ficus bengalensis in
hypercholesterolaemic rabbits Journal of Ethnopharmacology 92 47ndash51
Sido B Hack V and Hochlehner A (1998) Impairment of intestinal
glutathione synthesis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease [J] Int J
Gastroenterol Hepatol 42(4) 485-492
Sies H (1997) Oxidative stress oxidants and antioxidants Exp Physiol
82 291-295
Sies H and Cadenas E (1985) Oxidative stress damage to intact cells and
organs Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 311 617-631
Silva BA Ferreres F Malva JO and Dias ACP (2005)
Phytochemical and antioxidant characterization of Hypericum perforatum
alcoholic extracts Food Chemistry 90 157ndash167
Singanan V Singana M and Begum H (2007) The hepatoprotective
effect of Bael leaves in alcohol induced liver injury in albino rats
International J Science and Technology 2(2) 83-92
Singh M Govindarajan R Nath V Singh RAK and Mehrotra S
(2006) Antimicrobial wound healing and antioxidant activity of
Plagiochasma appendiculatum Lehm et Lind Journal of
Ethanopharamacology 107 67-72
Singh R Wang Y Schattenberg JM Xiang Y and Czaja MJ (2009)
Chronic oxidative stress sensitizes hepatocytes to death from 4-
hydroxynonenal by JNKc-Jun overactivation Am J Physiol Gastrointest
Liver Physiol 297 G907-G917
Singh SP Nayak S and Swain M (2004) Prevalence of non-alcoholic
fatty liver disease in coastal eastern India a preliminary ultrasonographic
survey Trop Gastroentrol 25 76-9
Sirisha N Sreenivasulu M Sangeeta K and Madhusudhana Chetty C
(2010) Antioxidant Properties of Ficus Species ndash A Review International
Journal of PharmTech Research CODEN (USA) IJPRIF ISSN 0974-
4304 Vol2 No4 pp 2174-2182 Oct-Dec 2010
Sivarajan VV and Balachandran I (1994) Ayurvedic Drugs and their
Plant Source Oxford and IBH Publishing Co Pvt Ltd New Delhi India
Smid E J De Witte Y and Gorris L G M (1995) Postharvest Biol
Technol 6 303
Smirnoff N (2001) ―L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis Vitam Horm 61 241-
266
Smirnoff N Cumbes QJ (1989) Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of
compatible solutes Phytochemistry 281057-1060
Solga S Alkhuraishe AR and Clark JM (2004) Dietary composition
and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Dig Dis Sci 491578ndash83
Son IS Kim JH Sohn HY Son KH Kim JS and Kwon CS
(2007) Antioxidative and hypolipidaemic effects of diosgenin a steroidal
saponin of yam (Dioscorea spp) on high-cholesterol fed rats Bioscience
Biotechnology and Biochemistry 71 3063ndash3071
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Rev Mol Cell Biol 9 162ndash176
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Yang H Roberts LJ Jian Shi M Chun Zhou Li Ballard BR
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Yang JS Lee SJ Park HW and Cha YS (2006) Effect of genistein
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Yun SN Moon SJ Ko SK Im BO and Chung SH (2004) Wild
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Zak B (1954) Cholesterol Methodologies A review Clin Chem 23 1201
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L Goodly (Ed) Diagnostic Enzymology (pp 1ndash38) Philadelphia USA
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Zimmet P Shaw J and Alberti KG (2003) Preventing Type 2 Diabetes
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a causal role in multiple forms of insulin resistance Nature 440944ndash8
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Hu C and Kitts DD (2005) Dendelion (Taraxacum officinale) flower
extract suppresses both reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide and prevents
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Inzucchi SE (2002) Oral antihyperglycemic therapy for type 2 diabetes
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Iovin Nicole M Seema Pursnani Voldman A Wasserman G Blaser
MJ and Weinrauch Y (2008) Reactive nitrogen species contribute to
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Ismail M Ghanya Al-Naqeep Kim Wei Chan (2010) Nigella sativa
thymoquinone-rich fraction greatly improves plasma antioxidant capacity
and expression of antioxidant genes in hypercholesterolemic rats Free
Radical Biology amp Medicine 48 664ndash672
Itagaki S Kurokawa T Nakata C Saito Y Oikawa S Kobayashi T
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James O and Day C (1999) Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis another disease
of affluence Lancet 353 (9165) 1634ndash1636
Jayasooriya A P Sakono M and Yukizaki C (2000) Effects of
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Johnson IT (2004) New approaches to the role of diet in the prevention of
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Joven J Rull A Ferreacute N Escolagrave-Gil JC Marsillach J Coll B
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Juurlink BH and Paterson PG (1998) Review of oxidative stress in brain
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Kajikawa S Tsuyoshi Harada Akiko Kawashima Kazunori Imada and
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highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid prevents the progression of D-
galactosamine-induced hepatitis in mice fed with a high-fathigh-sucrose
diet Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1791 281ndash288
Kakkar P Das B and Vishwanathan P N (1984) A modified
spectrophotometric assay of superoxide dismutase Indian J
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Kallwitz ER McLachlan A and Cotler SJ (2008) Role of peroxisome
proliferators-activated receptors in the pathogenesis and treatment of
nonalcoholic fatty liver disease World J Gastroenterol 1422ndash8
Kamal-Eldin A and Appelqvist LA (1996) The chemistry and antioxidant
properties of tocopherols and tocotrienols Lipids 31 671-701
Kamat JP Boloor KK Devasagayam TPA and Venkatachalam SR
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Kamboj VP (2000) Herbal medicine Curr Med 78 35-39
Kantartzis K Peter A Machicao F Machann J Wagner S
Koumlnigsrainer I Koumlnigsrainer A Schick F Fritsche A Haumlring HU
and Stefan N (2009) Diabetes 58 2616ndash2623
Kappus H (1991) Lipid peroxidation-mechanism and biological relevance
In O I Aruoma amp B Halliwell (Eds) Free radicals and food additives (pp
59ndash75) London UK Taylor and Francis Press
Karan M Vasisht K and Handa SS (1999) Antihepatotoxic activity of
Swrtia chirata on paracetamol and galactosamine induced hepatotoxicity in
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Karu N Reifen R and Kerem Z (2007) Weight gain reduction in mice
fed Panax ginseng saponin a pancreatic lipase inhibitor J Agric Food Chem
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Kataria M and Singh LN (1997) Hepatoprotective effect of Liv-52 and
Kumaryasava on CCl4 induced hepatic damage in rats Indian Journal of
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Katina K Arendt E Liukkonen KH Autio K Flander L and Poutanen
K (2005) Potential of sourdough for healthier cereal products Trends Food
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Katz D Mazor D Dvilansky A and Meyerstein N (1996) Effect of
radiation on red cell membrane and intracellular oxidative defense systems
Free Radical Research 24 199ndash204
Kaufmann (1999) National products of high pharmacological potency
Biochem pharmacol 32 1141-1148
Kechagias S Ernersson A Dahlqvist O Lundberg P Lindstrom T and
Nystrom FH (2008) Fast-food-based hyper-alimentation can induce rapid
and profound elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase in healthy
subjects Gut 57 649ndash654
Keeling CI and Bohlmann J (2006) Genes enzymes and chemicals of
teerpenoid diversity in the constitutive and induced defence of coniters
against insects and pathogens New Phytol 170 657-675
Kefalas P Kallithraka S Parejo I and Makris DP (2003) Food Sci
Technol Int 9 383
Kelloff GJ Boone CW Crowell JA Steele VE Lubet RA Doody
LA Maolone WF Hawk ET and Sigman CC (1996) New agents for
cancer chemoprevention J Cell Biochem 26s 1ndash28
Khan MS Nema N Kharya MD and Khanam S (2009)
Chromatographic estimation of maturity based phytochemical profiling of
Ipomoea mauritiana 1 22-30
Khan N and Sultana ST (2005) Chemomodulatory effect of Ficus
racemosa extract against chemically induced renal carcinogenesis and
oxidative damage response in Wistar rats Life Sciences 77 1194ndash1210
Kim YS Bahn KN Hah CK Gang HI and Ha YL (2008)
Inhibition of 712-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene induced mouse skin
carcinogenesis by Artemisia capillaries J Food Sci 73 T16ndash20
Kim YY Kang HJ Ko SK and Chung SH (2002) Sopungsungiwon
(SP) prevents the onset of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in Zucker
diabetic fatty rats Archives Pharmacal Research 25 923ndash931
King J (1965a) The hydrolases-acid and alkaline phosphatise In Practical
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King J (1965b) The dehydrogenase or oxidoreductase-Lactate
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Kinnunen PK (1991) On the principles of functional ordering in biological
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Kitchen DB Decornez H Furr JR and Bajorath J (2004) Docking and
scoring in virtual screening for drug discovery methods and applications
Nature reviews Drug discovery 3(11) 935ndash49 doi101038nrd1549
PMID 15520816
Kiyici M Gulten M Gurel S Nak SG Dolar E and Savci G (2003)
Ursodeoxycholic acid and atorvastin in the treatment of non-alcoholic
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Klichko VI Radyuk SN and Orr WC (2004) Profiling catalase gene
expression in Drosophilla melanogastr during development and aging
Archives of Insect Biochemisry and Physiology 56 34-50
Knight JA (2000) Review Free radicals antioxidants and the immune
system Ann Clin Lab Sci 30 145-158
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Rev Biochem 58 195ndash221
Koek GH et al Clinica Chimica Acta xxx (2011) xxxndashxxx Koek GH et
al The role of oxidative stress in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Clin Chim
Acta (2011) doi101016jcca201104013
Koumlksal E Guumllccedilin İ Ozturk Sarıkaya S B and Bursal E (2009) In vitro
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Medicinal Chemistry 24(2) 395minus405
Kondo K Hirano R Matsumoto A Igarashi O and Itakura H (1996)
Inhibition of LDL oxidation by cocoa Lancet 348 1514
Koneacute WM Atindehou KK Terreaux C Hostettmann K Traoreacute D
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Screening of 50 medicinal plants for antibacterial activity Journal of
Ethnopharmacology 93 43ndash49
Koppe SW Elias M Moseley RH and Green RM (2009) Trans fat
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Korchak HM (1962) Regulation of hepatic lipogenesis Tufts Folia Med
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Kordali S Cakir A Mavi A Kilic H and Yildirim A (2005) Screening
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Koruk M Savascedil MC Yilmaz O Tayscedil iS Karakok M Guumlndolsquogdu C
and Yilmaz A (2003) Serum lipids lipoproteins and apolipoproteins levels
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GLUT4 glucose transporter deficiency increases hepatic lipid production and
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Krishnamoorthy V Divianathan S Subramanian B and Shanmugam M
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Kroumltz F Sohn HY and Gloe T (2002) Oxidase-dependent platelet
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59
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Meriones shawi obegravese et diabeacutetique Espeacuterance Meacutedicale 47 72ndash74
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Lansky EP Helena M Paavilainena Alison D Pawlus B Robert A
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Le K Chiu F and Ng K (2007) Identification and quantification of
antioxidants in Fructus lycii Food Chemistry 105 353ndash363
Le PM Benhaddou-Andaloussi A Elimadi A Settaf A Cherrah Y
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Ethnopharmacology 94 251ndash259
Leclercq I Field J Erriquez A Farrell GC (2007) Robertson G
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Leclercq IA (2007) Pathogenesis of steatohepatitis insights from the study
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Lee GS Yan JS Ng RK Kakar S and Maher JJ (2007)
Polyunsaturated fat in the methionine-choline-deficient diet influences
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Lee JK N and Min DB (2004) Reactive Oxygen Species Aging and
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Lee KS Buck M Houglum K and Chojkier M (1995) Activation of
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Dietary carvacrol lowers body weight gain but improves feed conversion in
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Lee SE Hwang HJ and HA JS (2003) Screening of medicinal plant
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Lenhard JM (2007) Gottschalk WK (2002) Preclinical developmentsin
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Li H Wang QJ Zhu DN and Yang Y (2008) Reinioside C a
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Lieber CS Leo MA Mak KM Xu Y Cao Q Ren C
Ponomarenko A and DeCarli LM (2004) Model of nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 79(3) 502ndash509
Lin J Yang R Tarr PT Wu PH Handschin C and Li S (2005)
Hyperlipidemic effects of dietary saturated fats mediated through PGC-1β
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Lindor KD Dickson ER Baldus WP Jorgensen RA Ludwig J
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Lindor KD Kodley KV Heathcote EJ Harrison ME Jorgensen R and
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Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Instructorlsquos Resource Parthlsquos
Pathophysiology Concepts of Altered Health States Seventh edition 2008
Liu C H Hung M T and Huang P C (1995) Source of triacylglycerol
accumulation in lives of rats fed a cholesterol-supplemented diet Lipids 30
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Liu F and Ng TB (2000) Antioxidative and free radical scavenging
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Liu F Ooi VEC and Chang S T (1997) Free radical scavenging
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Liu L and Meydani M (2002) Combined vitamin C and E
supplementation retards early progression of arteriosclerosis in heart
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Lizardi-Cervera J and Aquilar-Zapata D (2009) Nonalcoholic fatty liver
disease and its association with cardiovascular disease 8 S40ndashS43
Lopez-Avila V L and A and Yefchak G (2009) Use of GC-QTOF MS to
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Lopez-Garcia E Schulze MB Meigs JB Manson JE Rifai N and
Stampfer MJ (2005) l Consumption of trans fatty acids is related to plasma
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Louchami K Zhang Y Oguzhan B Delporte C Portois L and
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Ludwig J Viggiano TR McGill DB and Ott BJ (1980) Non-alcoholic
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Lyon CJ Law RE and Hsueh WA (2003) Minireview adiposity
inflammation and atherogenesis Endocrinology 144 2195ndash2200
Mabrouk GM Moselhy SS Zohny SF Ali EM Helal TE Amin
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Clinical Cancer Research 21 (3) 341ndash346
Madan MP Raghavan G Singh AK and Palpu P (2005) Free radical
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Mahendran P and Devi CSS (2001) The modulating effect of Garicinia
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Mahmoud MR El-Abhar HS and Saleh S (2002) The effect of Nigella
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in mice Journal of Ethnopharmacology 79 1ndash11
Makino I Shinozaki K Yoshino K and Nakagawa S (1975)
Dissolution of cholesterol gallstones by long-term administration of
ursodeoxycholic acid Nippon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi 72 690ndash702
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Mallikharjuna PB Rajanna LN Seetharam YN and Sharanabasappa
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Medicinal Plant 4(4) 510-518
Manco M Calvani M and Mingrone G (2004) Effects of dietary fatty
acids on insulin sensitivity and secretion Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism
6 402ndash413
Manian R Anusuya N Siddhuraju P and Manian S (2008) The
antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging potential of two different
solvent extracts of Camellia sinensis (L) O Kuntz Ficus bengalensis L and
Ficus racemosa L Food Chemistry 107 1000ndash1007
Marchand LL Murphy SP Hankin JH Wilkens LR Kolonel LN
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Marchesini G Bugianesi E Forlani G Cerrelli F Lenzi M Manini
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(2003) Nonalcoholic fatty liver steatohepatitis and the metabolic syndrome
Hepatology 37 917ndash 923
Mari M Caballero F Colell A Morales A Caballeria J Fernandez
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Mitochondrial free cholesterol loading sensitizes to TNF and Fas-meidated
steatohepatitis Cell Metabolism 4 185ndash198
Marimuthu P Wu CL Chang HT and Chang ST (2008) Antioxidant
activity of the ethanolic extract from the bark of Chamaecyparis obtuse var
Formosana J Sci Food Agric 88
Mariod AA Ibrahim RM Ismail M and Ismail N (2009) Antioxidant
activity and phenolic content of phenolic rich fractions obtained from black
cumin (Nigella sativa) seedcake Food Chemistry 116 306ndash312
Maron DJ (2004) Flavonoids for reduction of atherosclerotic risk Curr
Atheroscler Rep 6 73-78
Marra F Gastaldelli A Svegliati Baroni G Tell G and Tiribelli C
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Mates JM Perez-Gomez C and Decastro IN (1999) Clin Chem 32
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Matsuzawa N Takamura T Kurita S Misu H Ota T Ando H
Yokoyama M Honda M Zen Y Nakanuma Y Miyamoto K and
Kaneko S (2007) Lipid-induced oxidative stress causes steatohepatitis in
mice fed an atherogenic diet Hepatology 46 1392ndash1403
Matsuzawa Y Shimomura I Nakamura T Keno Y Kotani K and
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Matteoni C Younossi Z Gramlich T Boparai N and Liu Y (1999)
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Matthaei S StumvollM Kellerer M and Haring (2000) Endocr H-U
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Matthew Ricci (2008) NAFLD (Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease) A
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Matthew Cave Ion Deaciuc Christian Mendez Zhenyuan Song Swati
Joshi-Barve Shirish Barve Craig McClain (2007) Nonalcoholic fatty liver
disease predisposing factors and the role of nutrition Journal of Nutritional
Biochemistry 18 184ndash 195
Mavrelis PG Ammon HV Gleysteen JJ Komorowski RA and
Charaf UK (1983) Hepatic free fatty acids in alcoholic liver disease and
morbid obesity Hepatology 3 226ndash231
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Murray KR Graner KD Mayes AP and Rodwell WV Harperlsquos
Biochemistry Chap 53 Prentice-Hall International Inc 23rd
edition 588-
590
Mazur A Bayle D Lab C Rock E and Rayssiguier Y (1999)
Inhibitory effect of procyanidin-rich extracts on LDL oxidation in vitro
Atherosclerosis 145 421ndash422
McCay PB (1985) Vitamin E Interactions with free radicals and
ascorbate Ann Rev Nutr 5 323-340
McCullough AJ (2004) The clinical features diagnosis and natural history
of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Clinics in Liver Disease 8 521ndash533
McDougall GJ Dobson P Smith P Blake A and Stewart D (2005)
Assessing potential bioavallability of raspberry anthocyanins using an in
vitro digestion system Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53(15)
5896minus5904
Mehta B K Sharma U Pandit V Agrawal S Joshi N and Gupta M
(2008) Med Chem Res 17 462ndash473
Meng EC Shoichet BK and Kuntz ID (2004) Automated docking
with grid-based energy evaluation Journal of Computational Chemistry 13
(4) 505ndash524 doi101002jcc540130412
Merchant JR Bakshi VM and Engineer AB (1979) Chemical
investigation of fruits of Ficus glomerata Roxb Indian J Chem 17B 87ndash88
Mervat MM and Taie HAA (2009) Antioxidant activities total
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Meydani M (2000) Vitamin E and prevention of heart disease in high-risk
patients Nutr Rev 58 278-281
Meyer SA and Kulkarni AP (2001) Hepatotoxicity in Introduction to
biochemical toxicology 3rd
Edition edited by E Hodgson and R C Smart (A
John Wiley amp Sons Inc New York) 487
Mezzetti A Di Ilio C Calafiore AM Aceto A Marzio L Frederici G
and Cuccurullo F (1990) Glutathione peroxidase glutathione reductase and
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Michalak A (2006) Phenolic compounds and their antioxidant activity in
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523-530
Milagro FI Campioacuten J and Martiacutenez JA (2006) Weight gain induced
by high-fat feeding involves increased liver oxidative stress Obesity (Silver
Spring) 14 1118ndash1123
Miliauskas G Venskutonis PR and Van Beek TA (2004) Screening of
radical scavenging activity of some medicinal and aromatic plant extracts
Food Chemistry 85 231ndash237
Ming M Guanhua L Zhanhai Y Guang C and Xuan Z (2009) Effect
of the Lycium barbarum polysaccharides administration on blood lipid
metabolism and oxidative stress of mice fed high-fat diet in vivo Food
Chemistry 113 872ndash877
Misra A Khurana L Vikram NK Goel A and Wasir JS (2007)
Metabolic syndrome in children current issues and South Asian perspective
Nutrition 23(11ndash12)895ndash910
Misra A Misra R Wijesuriya M and Banerjee D (2007) The metabolic
syndrome in south Asians continuing escalation amp possible solutions Indian
J Med Res 125(3)345ndash54
Misra A Vikram NK (2004) Insulin resistance syndrome (metabolic
syndrome) and obesity in Asian Indians Evidence and implications
Nutrition 20482ndash491
Mithra SK Seshadri SJ Venkataranganna MV Gopumadhavan S
Udupa UV and Sarma DNK (2000) Effect of HD-03-a herbal
formulation in galactosamine induced hepatopathy in rats Indian J Physiol
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Modi KP Patel NM and Goyal R K (2008) Estimation of L-topaf from
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mushroom against rat liver oxidative damage and fibrosis induced by CCL4
International Journal of Biotechnology amp Biochemistry 303-323
Mohan V (2004) Why are Indians more prone to diabetes J Assoc Phys
India 52468ndash474
Mohan V and Deepa R (2006) Adipocytokines and The expanding Asian
Indian Phenotype J Assoc Physic Ind 54 685-6
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Moon YJ Wang X Morris and ME (2006) Toxicol In Vitro 20 187
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Morris GM Goodsell DS Halliday RS Huey R Hart WE Belew
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Moss DW and Butterorth PJ (1974) Enzymology and Medicine London
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mortality in middle aged Finnishmen The Kuopio Ischaemic heart disease
risk factor study Br J Nutr 100 (4) 890ndash895
Musso G Gambino R and Cassader M (2009) Recent insights into
hepatic lipid metabolism in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
Progress in Lipid Research 48 1e26
Musso G Gambino R and De Michieli F (2003) Dietary habits and their
relations to insulin resistance and postprandial lipemia in nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis Hepatology 37 909ndash16
Mythilypriya R Shanthi P and Sachdanandam P (2007) Oral acute and
subacute toxicity studies with Kalpaamruthaa a modified indigenous
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(Ed) Indian Materia Medica Popular Prakashan Bombay India pp 386ndash
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Naganna B (1989) Plasma proteins In Textbook of Biochemistry and
Human Biology Talwar GP Srivastava LM and Moudgil K D Prentice-
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edn 59-61
Nair HK Rao KV Aalinkeel R Mahajan S Chawda R and Schwartz
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Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 11 63-69
Nakamoto K Takayama F Mankura M Hidaka Y Egashira T and
Ogino T (2009) Beneficial effects of fermented green tea extract in a rat
model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis J Clin Biochem Nutr 44 239ndash46
Nanji AA (2004b) Another animal model for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
how close to the human condition The American Journal of Clinical
Nutrition 79(3) 350ndash351
Nanji AA (2004a) Animal models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and
steatohepatitis Clinics in Liver Disease 8 (3) 559ndash574 (ix)
Neuhouser ML (2004) Flavonoids and cancer risk evidence from human
population studies Nutr Cancer 50 1-7
Neuschwander-Tetri BA and Caldwell SH (2003) Nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis summary of an AASLD single topic conference Hepatology
371202ndash19
Newman DJ Cragg GM and Snader KM (2000) The influence of
natural products upon drug discovery Nat Prod Rep 17 175-285
Nickavar B Mojab F Javidnia K and Amoli M AR (2003) Chemical
composition of the fixed and volatile oils of Nigella Sativa L Zeitschrift for
Naturforschung 629-631
Nield and Pearson Burtis CA and Ashwood A (1963) In Text Book of
Clinical Chemistry Chap27 Oxford Press New York 1280-1282
Ninomiya M Shimada M and Harada N (2004) The hydroxyl radical
scavenger MCI-186 protects the liver from experimental cold ischaemia-
reperfusion injury Br J Surg 91(2) 184-190
Noctor G and Foyer CH (1998) Ascorbate and Glutathione Keeping
active oxygen under control Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant
Molecular Biology 49 249-279
Noguchi N Damiani E Greci L and Niki E (1999) Action of quinolinic
and indolinonic aminoxyls as radical-scavenging antioxidants Chem Phys
Lipids 99 11-19
Nsimba R Kikuzaki H and Konishi Y (2008) Antioxidant activity of
various extracts and fractions of Chenopodium quinoa and Amaranthus spp
Seeds Food Chem 106 760-766
Nzowa LK Barboni L Teponno RB Ricciutelli M Lupidi G Luana
Quassinti L Massimo Bramucci M and Tapondjou LA (2010)
Rheediinosides A and B two antiproliferative and antioxidant triterpene
saponins from Entada rheedii Phytochemistry 71 254ndash261
OConnell OF Ryan L and OBrien NM (2007) Xanthophyll
carotenoids are more bioaccessible from fruits than dark green vegetables
Nutrition Research 27(5) 258minus264
Ogbonnia OS Nkemehule EF and Anyika NE (2009) Evaluation of
acute and subchronic toxicity of Stachytarpheta angustifola (Mill) Vahl
(Fam Verbanaceae) extrct in animals Afr J Biotecnol 8(9) 1793-1799
Ogbonnia S Adekunle AA Bosa MK and Enwuru VN (2008)
Evaluation of acute and subacute toxicity of Alstnia congensis Engler
(Apocynaceae) bark and Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal)A Rich (Annonaceae)
fruits mixtures used in the treatment of diabtes AfrJBiotechnol 7(6) 701-
705
Oguzhan B Sancho V Acitores A Villanueva-Penacarrillo ML
Portois L and Chardigny JM (2006) Alteration of adipocyte metabolism
in omega3 fatty acid-depleted rats Horm Metab Res 38 789-798
Ohkawa H Ohishi N and Yagi K (1979) Anal Biochem 95 351-358
Okada Y Shibata S Ikekawa T Javellana AMJ and Kamo O (1987)
Entada saponin-III a saponin isolated from the bark of Entada phaseoloides
Phytochemistry 26 2789ndash2796
Okada Y Shibata S Javellana AMJ and Kamo O (1988) Entada
saponins (ES) II and IV from the bark of Entada phaseoloides Chemical and
Pharmaceutical Bulletin 36 1264ndash1269
Olszewska M (2007) Quantitative HPLC analysis of flavonoids and
chlorogenic acid in the leaves and inflorescences of Prunus serotina Ehrh
Acta Chromatographica 19 253-269
Orolowski M and Meister (1963) γ-glutamyl-p-nitroanilide a new
convenient substrate for determination and study of L-and D-glutamyl trans
peptidase activities Biochemica Biophysica Acta 73 679-681
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(2005) Flavonoidndashmembrane interaction a protective role of flavonoids at
the membrane surface Clin Dev Immunol 12 (1) 19ndash25
Owen R W Giacosa A Hull W E Haubner R Spiegelhalder B and
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compounds isolated from olive oil European Journal of Cancer 36 1235ndash
1247
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diabetes Science 306457ndash61
Ozturk-Urek R Bozkaya LA and Tarhan L (2001) The effects of some
antioxidant vitamins and trace elements supplemented diets on activities of
SOD CAT GSH-Px and LPO levels in chicken tissues Cell Biochemistry
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peroxynitrite in health and disease Physiol Rev 87 (1) 315ndash424
Pacher P Beckman JS and Liaudet L (2007) Nitric oxide and
peroxynitrite In health and disease Physiological Reviews 87(1) 315ndash424
Paetau I Khachik F Brown ED Beecher GR Kramer TR and
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Pan HZ Zhang H Chang D Li H and Sui H (2008) The change of
oxidative stress products in diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy Br J
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44
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Ayurvedic Herbal Medicine Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratisthan Delhi p316
Park CH Yamabe N Noh JS Kang KS Tanaka T Yokozawa T
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1740
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Pauly Nicolas Pucciariello C Mandon K Innocenti G Jamet A
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Perez C Canal JR and Torres MD (2003) Experimental diabetes treated
with Ficus carica extract effect on oxidative stress parameters Acta
Diabetologica 40 3ndash8
Perez-Amador MC Ocotero VM Castaneda JMG and Esquinca
ARG (2007) Alkaloids in Solanum torvum Sw (Solanaceae) International
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Perry G Cash AD Srinivas R and Smith MA (2002) Metals and
oxidative homeostasis in Alzheimerlsquos disease Drug Development and
Research 56 293ndash299
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1042
Pignatelli P Pulcinelli FM and Lenti L (1998) Hydrogen Peroxide Is
Involved in Collagen-Induced Platelet Activation Blood 91 (2) 484-490
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action Diabetologia 47170ndash84
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glutathione a cellular protagonist [J] Biochem Pharmacl 66(8) 1499-1503
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hypercholesterolemia Molecular Cellular Biochemistry 335 67ndash74
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oxidative damage in rat tissues and its attenuation by dietary sesame oil
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Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2 289-292
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Ficus glomerata Pure and Applied Chemistry 66 2287ndash2290
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antihepatotoxic activity of Kamilari a polyherbal formulation J
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Nigella sativa Linn against gastric ulcers in rats Curr Sci 82 177ndash179
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nutraceutical applications of black cumin (Nigella sativa L) an overview
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(Nigella sativa L) coriander (Coriandrum sativum L) and niger (Guizotia
abyssinica Cass) crude seed oils upon stripping Eur J Lipid Sci Technol
106 35ndash43
Randhawa MA and Al-Ghamdi MS (2002) A review of the
pharmacotherapeutic effects of Nigella sativa Pakistan Journal of Medical
Research 41 77ndash83
Rao BR Murugresan T Sinha S Saha BP Pal M and Mandal SC
(2002) Glucose lowering efficacy of Ficus racemosa barks extract in normal
and alloxan diabetic rats Phytotherapy Research 16 590ndash592
Rao CV Arti R Verma M Vijayakumar S Rastogi (2008)
Gastroprotective effect of standardized extract of Ficus glomerata fruit on
experimental gastric ulcers in rats Journal of Ethnopharmacology 115
323ndash326
Rao KS (2009) Free radical induced oxidative damage to DNA relation to
brain aging and neurological disorders Indian J Biochem Biophys 46 9ndash15
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
Evans C (1999) Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231ndash1237
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
Evans C (1999) Antioxidant activity applying in an improved radical cation
decolorisation assay Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231-1237
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toxicology in the liver edited by G L Plea and W R Hewilt (Raven press
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induced response of photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism in higher
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and benzyl adenine and dark- treated graving rice (Oryza sativa) leaves II
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710-723
Reitman S Frankel S (1957) Amer JClin Path 2856
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ed New York Academic
press 6 215-222
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activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids J Free Radic Biol
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Rinella ME Elias MS Smolak RR Fu T Borensztajn J and Green
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methionine choline-deficient diet J Lipid Res 491068ndash76
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Roberts CK Barnard RJ Sindhu RK Jurczak M Ehdaie A and
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and antioxidant enzymes in diet-induced metabolic syndrome Metabolism
55 928ndash934
Robertson G Leclercq I and Farrell GC (2001) Nonalcoholic steatosis
and steatohepatitis II Cytochrome P-450 enzymes and oxidative stress
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Capoccia D Incani M Maglio C Iacovino M OlsquoRahilly S and Baroni
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Antioxidant properties of polyphenol-containing extract from soybean
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Rosenberg HR (1992) Chemistry and Physiology of the citamins Inter
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Carlos J Pirolab and Silvia Sookoiana (2009) Losartan reduces liver
expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in a high fat-induced
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Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 63(3) 127minus133
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Sagi Y and Youdim MBH (2008) The neuroprotective effect of
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Interact 175 318ndash26
Sahai A Malladi P Melin-Aldana H Green RM and Whitington PF
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antioxidant activities of various solvent extracts of Carissa opaca fruits
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Sairam K Rao ChV Babu MD Kumar V Agarwal VK and Goel
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Sanyal AJ (2002) GA technical review on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Gastroenterology 123 1705ndash1725
Sanyal AJ Campbell-Sargent C Mirshahi F Rizzo WB Contos MJ
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Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis association of insulin resistance and
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Sharma SK and Gupta VK (2008) PHCOG MAGRearch article In vitro
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Antioxidative properties of xanthan on the autoxidation of soybean oil in
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Shimizu MH Araujo M Borges SM De Tolassa EM and Seguro
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Shukla R Gupta S Gambhir JK Prabhu KM and Murthy PS (2004)
Antioxidant effect of aqueous extract of the bark of Ficus bengalensis in
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Phytochemical and antioxidant characterization of Hypericum perforatum
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Singanan V Singana M and Begum H (2007) The hepatoprotective
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Singh M Govindarajan R Nath V Singh RAK and Mehrotra S
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Ethanopharamacology 107 67-72
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Sirisha N Sreenivasulu M Sangeeta K and Madhusudhana Chetty C
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Smirnoff N Cumbes QJ (1989) Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of
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Solga S Alkhuraishe AR and Clark JM (2004) Dietary composition
and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Dig Dis Sci 491578ndash83
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saponin of yam (Dioscorea spp) on high-cholesterol fed rats Bioscience
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Song BJ Moon KH and Olsson NU (2008) Prevention of alcoholic
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Song Y Manson JE Buring JE Sesso HD and Liu S (2005) J Am
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Sookoian S Castanlsquoo GO Burguenlsquoo AL Gianotti TF Risselli MS
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Spolarics Z and Meyenhofer M (2000) Augmented resistance to oxidative
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curcuminoids Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 49 105ndash107
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Stadlbauer V Fickert P Lackner C Schmerlaib J Krisper P Trauner
M and Stauber RE (2005) Hepatotoxicity of NONI juice Report of two
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free amino acids and amino acid residues in proteins Amino Acids 25 207-
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Stanner SA Hughes J Kelly CN and Buttriss JA (2004) Review of
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Stickel F and Schuppan D (2007) Herbal medicine in the treatment of
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Theilmann L (1994) Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on liver and bile duct
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Sudhahar V Kumar SA and Varalakshmi P (2006) Role of lupeol and
lupeol linoleate on lipemicndashoxidative stress in experimental
hypercholesterolemia Life Science 78 1329ndash1335
Sun Q Ma J Campos H Hankinson SE Manson JE and Stampfer
MJ (2007) A prospective study of trans fatty acids in erythrocytes and risk
of coronary heart disease Circulation 115 1858ndash1865
Sun WY Wei W Wu L Gui SY and Wang H (2007) Effects and
mechanisms of extract from Paeonia lactiflora and Astragalus
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Ethanopharmacol 112 514-524
Suntress ZA and Sheck PN (1995) Prevention of lung injury by
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Suresh PS Kumar A Kumar R and Singh VP (2008) An in silico
[correction of insilico] approach to bioremediation laccase as a case study
J Mol Graph Model 26 (5) 845ndash9 doi101016jjmgm200705005
PMID 17606396
Swanr JC and Connor WE (1975) Hypercholesterolemia of total
starvation its mechanism via tissue mobilization of cholesterol
AmJPhysiol 229 365-369
Szczeklik A Gryglewski RJ Domagala B Dworski R and Basista M
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Szeto YT Tomlinson B and Benzie IF (2002) Total antioxidant and
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Tapondjou AL Miyamoto T Mirjolet JF Guilbaud N and Lacaille-
Dubois MA (2005) Pursaethosides AndashE triterpene saponins from Entada
pursaetha Journal of Natural Products 68 1185ndash1190
Targher G Bertolini L Padovani R Poli F Scala L Zenari L
Zoppini G and Falezza G (2006) Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is
associated with carotid artery wall thickness in diet-controlled type 2 diabetic
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Taylor and Francis (2000) Toxicology of the Human Environment - the
critical role of free radicals London
Teli MR James OF Burt AD Bennett MK and Day CP (1995)
The natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver a follow-up study
Hepatology 22 1714ndash1719
Tetri LH Basaranoglu M Brunt EM Yerian LM and Neuschwander-
Tetri BA (2008) Severe NAFLD with hepatic necroinflammatory changes
in mice fed trans fats and a high-fructose corn syrup equivalent Am J
Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 295 G987ndashG995
Thippeswamy NB and Naidu AK (2005) Antioxidant potency of cumin
varieties cumin black cumin and bitter cumin on antioxidant systems Eur
Food Res Technol 220 472ndash476
Tietge UJ Boker KH Bahr MJ Weinberg S Pichlmayr R Schmidt
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patients with cirrhosis and after liver transplantation Hepato-
gastroenterology 45(24) 2255-2260
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Tilak Khanal Jae Ho Choi Yong Pil Hwang Young Chul Chung Hye
Gwang Jeong (2009) Protective effects of saponins from the root of
Platycodon grandiflorum against fatty liver in chronic ethanol feeding via the
activation of AMP-dependent protein kinase Food and Chemical
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Ting LP (1982) Plant physiology Addison Wesley Services in Life
Sciences New York USA
Tiwari O P and Tripathi Y B (2007) Antioxidant properties of different
fractions of Vitex negundo Linn Food Chemistry 100 1170ndash1176
Toledo FGS Sniderman AD and Kelley DE (2006) Influence of
hepatic steatosis (fatty liver) on severity and composition of dyslipidemia in
type 2 diabetes Diabetes Care 29 1845ndash50
Tomomichi Chonan Hiroaki Tanaka Daisuke Yamamoto Miyoko Yashiro
Takahiro Oi Daisuke Wakasugi Ayumi Ohoka-Sugita Fusayo Io Hiroko
Koretsune Akira Hiratate (2010) Design and synthesis of disubstituted (4-
piperidinyl)-piperazine derivatives as potent acetyl-CoA carboxylase
inhibitors Bioorganic amp Medicinal Chemistry Letters 20 3965ndash3968
Townsend KL Lorenzi MM and Widmaier EP (2008) High-fat diet-
induced changes in body mass and hypothalamic gene expression in wild-
type and leptindeficient mice Endocrine 33 176ndash188
Trenam CW Blake DR and Morris CJ (1992) Skin inflammation
reactive Oxygen Species and the role of iron Journal of Investigation
Dermatology 99 675-682
Trinder P (1969) Ann Clin Biochem 6 24
Trivedi CP Shinde S and Sharma RC (1969) Preliminary
phytochemical and pharmacological studies on Ficus racemosa extract
(Gular) Indian J Med Res 57 (6) 1070ndash1074
Tuck KL and Hayball PJ (2002) Major phenolic compounds in olive oil
metabolism and health effects Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 13 636ndash
644
Tundis R Bonesi M Deguin B Loizzo MR Menichini F Conforti F
and Menichini F (2009) Cytotoxic activity and inhibitory effect on nitric
oxide production of triterpene saponins from the roots of Physospermum
verticillatum (Waldst and Kit) (Apiaceae) Bioorganic and Medicinal
Chemistry 17 4542ndash4547
Uchida K (2003) 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal a product and mediator of
oxidative stress Prog Lipid Res 42 318-343
Upadhyay RK Pandey MB Jha RN and Pandey VB (2001)
Eclalbatin triterpine saponins from Eclipta alba J Asian Nat Prod Res 3
213-217
Upasani CD and Balaraman R (2001) Effect of vitamin e vitamin C and
spirulina on the levels of membrane bound enzymes and lipids in some
organs of rats exposed to lead Indian J Pharm 33 185-191
Urmila Thatte (2004) Challenges in clinical research on Herbs Indian
JNat Prod 19 (1) 35-36
Urquiaga I and Leighton F (2000) Plant polyphenol antioxidants and
oxidative stress Biol Res Biol 33(2) 55ndash64
Ur-Rahman A Sohail M Ahmed S Iqbal Choudhary M and Ur-
Rahman H (1985) Heterocycles 23 953ndash955
Valko M Leibfritz D Moncol J Cronin MT Mazur M and Telser J
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mouse models of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Hepatology 48 474ndash486
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Rev Mol Cell Biol 9 162ndash176
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(2000) Free radical scavenging activity of garcinol from Garcinia indica
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Yamaguchi K Yang L McCall S Huang J Yu XX Pandey SK
Bhanot S Monia BP Li YX and Diehl AM (2007) Inhibiting
triglyceride synthesis improves hepatic steatosis but exacerbates liver
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Yang H Roberts LJ Jian Shi M Chun Zhou Li Ballard BR
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Yang JS Lee SJ Park HW and Cha YS (2006) Effect of genistein
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high-fat dietndashinduced dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress A microarray
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Yang S Zhu H Li Y Lin H Gabrielson K Trush MA and Diehl
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Arch Biochem Biophys 378 259-268
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mechanism of oxidative injury Free Radic Biol Med 39(10) 1385ndash1398
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plasma of rats deficient in choline Biochem Cell Biol 68 552-558
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spontaneous lipid peroxidation following glutathione depletion Plant Med
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radical scavenging properties of wheat extracts J Agri Food Chem 50
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Yun SN Moon SJ Ko SK Im BO and Chung SH (2004) Wild
ginseng prevents the onset of high-fat diet induced hyperglycemia and
obesity in ICR mice Arch Pham Res 27 790ndash6
Zak B (1954) Cholesterol Methodologies A review Clin Chem 23 1201
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Dispos 26 989
Zhang HM Chen SW Zhang LS and Feng XF (2008) The effects of
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rats administered with high-fat diet Nat Prod Res 22 1637ndash1649
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glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase via cAMP in aortic endothelial cells J
Biol Chem 275 40042-40047
Zhao B (2009) Natural antioxidants protect neurons in Alzheimerlsquos disease
and Parkinsonlsquos disease Neurochem Res 34 630ndash8
Zheng S Hoos L Cook J Tetzloff G Harry DJ and Van Heek M
(2008) Ezetimibe improves high fat and cholesterol diet-induced non-
alcoholic fatty liver disease Vascular Health and Risk Management 4 235ndash
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Zhu X Zhang W Pang X Wang J Zhao J and Qu W (2011)
Hypolipidaemic effect of n-butanol extract from Asparagus officinalis L in
mice fed a high-fat diet Phytotherapy Research 31 doi101002ptr3380
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L Goodly (Ed) Diagnostic Enzymology (pp 1ndash38) Philadelphia USA
Lea amp Febiger
Zimmet P Shaw J and Alberti KG (2003) Preventing Type 2 Diabetes
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Jakoby WB and Habig WH (1998) Glutathione transferases In Jakoby
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James O and Day C (1999) Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis another disease
of affluence Lancet 353 (9165) 1634ndash1636
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Commun 106 37-43
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and spinal cord injury suggestions for pharmacological and nutritional
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highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid prevents the progression of D-
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Kallwitz ER McLachlan A and Cotler SJ (2008) Role of peroxisome
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Kantartzis K Peter A Machicao F Machann J Wagner S
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and Stefan N (2009) Diabetes 58 2616ndash2623
Kappus H (1991) Lipid peroxidation-mechanism and biological relevance
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Kataria M and Singh LN (1997) Hepatoprotective effect of Liv-52 and
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Katina K Arendt E Liukkonen KH Autio K Flander L and Poutanen
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Katz D Mazor D Dvilansky A and Meyerstein N (1996) Effect of
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Free Radical Research 24 199ndash204
Kaufmann (1999) National products of high pharmacological potency
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Kechagias S Ernersson A Dahlqvist O Lundberg P Lindstrom T and
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and profound elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase in healthy
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Kelloff GJ Boone CW Crowell JA Steele VE Lubet RA Doody
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Khan MS Nema N Kharya MD and Khanam S (2009)
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Khan N and Sultana ST (2005) Chemomodulatory effect of Ficus
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Inhibition of 712-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene induced mouse skin
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(SP) prevents the onset of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in Zucker
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Nature reviews Drug discovery 3(11) 935ndash49 doi101038nrd1549
PMID 15520816
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Koek GH et al Clinica Chimica Acta xxx (2011) xxxndashxxx Koek GH et
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Koneacute WM Atindehou KK Terreaux C Hostettmann K Traoreacute D
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Koruk M Savascedil MC Yilmaz O Tayscedil iS Karakok M Guumlndolsquogdu C
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Kowdley KV (2000) Ursodeoxycholic acid therapy in hepatobiliary
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Kraegen EW Clark PW Jenkins AB Daley EA Chisholm DJ and
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Krishnamoorthy V Divianathan S Subramanian B and Shanmugam M
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Kroumltz F Sohn HY and Gloe T (2002) Oxidase-dependent platelet
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Kulinski A Vance DE and Vance JE (2004) A choline-deficient diet in
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Kumar G Sharmila Banu G Kannan V and Rajasekarapandian M
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Kumar V Rani A Dixit A K Pratap D and Bhatnagar D (2010) A
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Kumpulainen JT and Salonen JT (1999) Natural Antioxidants and
Anticarcinogens in Nutrition Health and Disease the Royal Society of
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Kuo YH and Li YC (2000) Four new compounds ficusal
ficusesquilignan A B and ficusolide diacetate from the heartwood of Ficus
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Kuriakose GC and Kurup GM (2008) Antioxidant activity of Aulosira
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Kurian GA and Paddikkala J (2009) Administration of aqueous extract of
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Labhal A Settaf A Bennani N Cherrah Y Slaoui A and Hassar M
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Labhal A Settaf A Zalagh F Cherrah Y Hassar M and Slaoui A
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Meriones shawi obegravese et diabeacutetique Espeacuterance Meacutedicale 47 72ndash74
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Lagiou P Samoli E and Lagiou A (2004) Intake of specific flavonoid
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Clin Nutr 58 (12) 1643ndash1648
Lai LS Chan ST and Chao WW (2001) Studies on the antioxidative
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963-968
Lansky EP Helena M Paavilainena Alison D Pawlus B Robert A
and Newmana B (2008) Ficus spp (fig) Ethnobotany and potential as
anticancer and anti-inflammatory agents Journal of Ethnopharmacology
119 195ndash213
Lapenna D Del Boccio G Porreca E Pennelli A Mezzetti A De
Gioia S Marzio L Di Ilio C and Cuccurullo F (1992) Effects of high-
fat cholesterol-enriched diet on the antioxidant defence mechanisms in the
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Larson RA (1988) The antioxidants of higher plants Phytochemistry 27
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Latha M and Pari L (2004) Effect of an aqueous extract of Scoparia dulcis
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steatohepatitis Hepatology 39(5) 1277-1285
Laurin J Lindor KD Crippin JS Gossard A Gores GJ Ludwig J
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treatment of non-alcohol-induced steatohepatitis a pilot study Hepatology
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Le K Chiu F and Ng K (2007) Identification and quantification of
antioxidants in Fructus lycii Food Chemistry 105 353ndash363
Le PM Benhaddou-Andaloussi A Elimadi A Settaf A Cherrah Y
and Haddad P (2004) The petroleum ether extract of Nigella sativa exerts
lipid-lowering and insulin-sensitizing actions in the rat Journal of
Ethnopharmacology 94 251ndash259
Leclercq I Field J Erriquez A Farrell GC (2007) Robertson G
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CYP4A in leptin-deficient obob mice Biochim Biophys Res Commun 268
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Leclercq IA (2007) Pathogenesis of steatohepatitis insights from the study
of animal models Acta Gastroenterol Belg 7025ndash31
Lee GS Yan JS Ng RK Kakar S and Maher JJ (2007)
Polyunsaturated fat in the methionine-choline-deficient diet influences
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1896
Lee JK N and Min DB (2004) Reactive Oxygen Species Aging and
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Lee KS Buck M Houglum K and Chojkier M (1995) Activation of
hepatic stellate cells by TGF alpha and collagen type I is mediated by
oxidative stress through c-myb expression J Clin Invest 96 2461ndash2468
Lee KW Everts H Kappert HJ Yeom KH and Beynen AC (2003)
Dietary carvacrol lowers body weight gain but improves feed conversion in
female broiler chickens Journal of Applied Poultry Research 12 394ndash399
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Lenhard JM (2007) Gottschalk WK (2002) Preclinical developmentsin
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Leung KK and Leung PS (2008) Effects of hyperglycemia on
angiotensin receptor type 1 expression and insulin secretion in an INS-1E
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Li H Wang QJ Zhu DN and Yang Y (2008) Reinioside C a
triterpene saponin of Polygala aureocauda Dunn exerts hypolipidemic effect
on hyperlipidemic mice Phytotherapy Research 22 159ndash164
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Lieber CS (1997) Cytochrome P-4502E1 its physiological and
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Lieber CS Leo MA Mak KM Xu Y Cao Q Ren C
Ponomarenko A and DeCarli LM (2004) Model of nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 79(3) 502ndash509
Lin J Yang R Tarr PT Wu PH Handschin C and Li S (2005)
Hyperlipidemic effects of dietary saturated fats mediated through PGC-1β
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Lindor KD Dickson ER Baldus WP Jorgensen RA Ludwig J
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Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Instructorlsquos Resource Parthlsquos
Pathophysiology Concepts of Altered Health States Seventh edition 2008
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accumulation in lives of rats fed a cholesterol-supplemented diet Lipids 30
527ndash531
Liu F and Ng TB (2000) Antioxidative and free radical scavenging
activities of selected medicinal herbs Life Sciences 66 725ndash735
Liu F Ooi VEC and Chang S T (1997) Free radical scavenging
activity of mushroom polysaccharide extracts Life Science 60 763-771
Liu L and Meydani M (2002) Combined vitamin C and E
supplementation retards early progression of arteriosclerosis in heart
transplant patients Nutr Rev 60 368-371
Lizardi-Cervera J and Aquilar-Zapata D (2009) Nonalcoholic fatty liver
disease and its association with cardiovascular disease 8 S40ndashS43
Lopez-Avila V L and A and Yefchak G (2009) Use of GC-QTOF MS to
identify unknown compounds in herbal extracts 1-4
Lopez-Garcia E Schulze MB Meigs JB Manson JE Rifai N and
Stampfer MJ (2005) l Consumption of trans fatty acids is related to plasma
biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction J Nutr 135 562ndash
566
Louchami K Zhang Y Oguzhan B Delporte C Portois L and
Carpentier YA (2006) Rapid changes in liver lipid composition and
pancreatic islet K+ handling and secretory behaviour provoked by the
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Lowry OH Rosebrough NJ Farr AI and Randall RJ (1951) Protein
determination with the folinlsquos phenol reagent JBiolChem 193 265-275
Luck H (1974) In Methods in enzymatic analysisBer Acad N Y 885
Ludwig J Viggiano TR McGill DB and Ott BJ (1980) Non-alcoholic
steatohepatitis Mayo clinic experiences with a hitherto unnamed disease
Mayo Clin Proc 55434-438
Lugasi A Dworschak E Blazovics A and Kery A (1998) Antioxidant
and free radical scavenging properties of squeezed juice from black radish
(Raphanus sativus I Varniger) root Phytother Res 12 502-506
Lyon CJ Law RE and Hsueh WA (2003) Minireview adiposity
inflammation and atherogenesis Endocrinology 144 2195ndash2200
Mabrouk GM Moselhy SS Zohny SF Ali EM Helal TE Amin
AA and Khalifa AA (2002) Inhibition of methylnitrosourea (MNU)
induced oxidative stress and carcinogenesis by orally administered bee honey
and Nigella grains in Sprague Dawely rats Journal of Experimental and
Clinical Cancer Research 21 (3) 341ndash346
Madan MP Raghavan G Singh AK and Palpu P (2005) Free radical
scavenging potential of Saussarea costua Acta Pharm 55 297-304
Mahendran P and Devi CSS (2001) The modulating effect of Garicinia
cambogia extract on ethanol induced peroxidative damage in rats Indian J
Pharmacology 33 87-91
Mahmoud MR El-Abhar HS and Saleh S (2002) The effect of Nigella
sativa oil against the liver damage induced by Shistosoma mansoni infection
in mice Journal of Ethnopharmacology 79 1ndash11
Makino I Shinozaki K Yoshino K and Nakagawa S (1975)
Dissolution of cholesterol gallstones by long-term administration of
ursodeoxycholic acid Nippon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi 72 690ndash702
Malik EP Singh MB (1980) Plant Enzymology and Hittoenzymology
1st Edn Kalyani Publishers New Delhi 286
Mallikharjuna PB Rajanna LN Seetharam YN and Sharanabasappa
GK (2007) Phytochemical Studies of Strychnos potatorum LF A
Medicinal Plant 4(4) 510-518
Manco M Calvani M and Mingrone G (2004) Effects of dietary fatty
acids on insulin sensitivity and secretion Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism
6 402ndash413
Manian R Anusuya N Siddhuraju P and Manian S (2008) The
antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging potential of two different
solvent extracts of Camellia sinensis (L) O Kuntz Ficus bengalensis L and
Ficus racemosa L Food Chemistry 107 1000ndash1007
Marchand LL Murphy SP Hankin JH Wilkens LR Kolonel LN
(2000) J Natl Cancer Inst 92 154
Marchesini G Bugianesi E Forlani G Cerrelli F Lenzi M Manini
R Natale S Vanni E Villanova N Melchionda N and Rizzetto M
(2003) Nonalcoholic fatty liver steatohepatitis and the metabolic syndrome
Hepatology 37 917ndash 923
Mari M Caballero F Colell A Morales A Caballeria J Fernandez
A Enrich C Fernandez-Checa JC and Garcia-Ruiz C (2006)
Mitochondrial free cholesterol loading sensitizes to TNF and Fas-meidated
steatohepatitis Cell Metabolism 4 185ndash198
Marimuthu P Wu CL Chang HT and Chang ST (2008) Antioxidant
activity of the ethanolic extract from the bark of Chamaecyparis obtuse var
Formosana J Sci Food Agric 88
Mariod AA Ibrahim RM Ismail M and Ismail N (2009) Antioxidant
activity and phenolic content of phenolic rich fractions obtained from black
cumin (Nigella sativa) seedcake Food Chemistry 116 306ndash312
Maron DJ (2004) Flavonoids for reduction of atherosclerotic risk Curr
Atheroscler Rep 6 73-78
Marra F Gastaldelli A Svegliati Baroni G Tell G and Tiribelli C
(2008) Molecular basis and mechanisms of progression of non-alcoholic
steatohepatitis Trends Mol Med 14 72ndash81
Mason JS Morize I Menard PR Cheney DL Hulme C and
Labaudiniere RF (1999) J Med Chem 42 3251e3264
Mates JM Perez-Gomez C and Decastro IN (1999) Clin Chem 32
595-603
Matsuzawa N Takamura T Kurita S Misu H Ota T Ando H
Yokoyama M Honda M Zen Y Nakanuma Y Miyamoto K and
Kaneko S (2007) Lipid-induced oxidative stress causes steatohepatitis in
mice fed an atherogenic diet Hepatology 46 1392ndash1403
Matsuzawa Y Shimomura I Nakamura T Keno Y Kotani K and
Tokunaga K (1995) Pathophysiology and pathogenesis of visceral fat
obesity Obes Res 3 187Sndash194S
Matteoni C Younossi Z Gramlich T Boparai N and Liu Y (1999)
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease a spectrum of clinical and pathological
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Matthaei S StumvollM Kellerer M and Haring (2000) Endocr H-U
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Matthew Ricci (2008) NAFLD (Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease) A
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Matthew Cave Ion Deaciuc Christian Mendez Zhenyuan Song Swati
Joshi-Barve Shirish Barve Craig McClain (2007) Nonalcoholic fatty liver
disease predisposing factors and the role of nutrition Journal of Nutritional
Biochemistry 18 184ndash 195
Mavrelis PG Ammon HV Gleysteen JJ Komorowski RA and
Charaf UK (1983) Hepatic free fatty acids in alcoholic liver disease and
morbid obesity Hepatology 3 226ndash231
Mayes AP (1993) Structure and function of the lipid soluble vitamins In
Murray KR Graner KD Mayes AP and Rodwell WV Harperlsquos
Biochemistry Chap 53 Prentice-Hall International Inc 23rd
edition 588-
590
Mazur A Bayle D Lab C Rock E and Rayssiguier Y (1999)
Inhibitory effect of procyanidin-rich extracts on LDL oxidation in vitro
Atherosclerosis 145 421ndash422
McCay PB (1985) Vitamin E Interactions with free radicals and
ascorbate Ann Rev Nutr 5 323-340
McCullough AJ (2004) The clinical features diagnosis and natural history
of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Clinics in Liver Disease 8 521ndash533
McDougall GJ Dobson P Smith P Blake A and Stewart D (2005)
Assessing potential bioavallability of raspberry anthocyanins using an in
vitro digestion system Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53(15)
5896minus5904
Mehta B K Sharma U Pandit V Agrawal S Joshi N and Gupta M
(2008) Med Chem Res 17 462ndash473
Meng EC Shoichet BK and Kuntz ID (2004) Automated docking
with grid-based energy evaluation Journal of Computational Chemistry 13
(4) 505ndash524 doi101002jcc540130412
Merchant JR Bakshi VM and Engineer AB (1979) Chemical
investigation of fruits of Ficus glomerata Roxb Indian J Chem 17B 87ndash88
Mervat MM and Taie HAA (2009) Antioxidant activities total
anthocyanins phenolics and flavonoids contents of some sweet potato
genotypes under stress of different concentrations of sucrose and sorbito
Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 3(4) 3609-3616
Meydani M (2000) Vitamin E and prevention of heart disease in high-risk
patients Nutr Rev 58 278-281
Meyer SA and Kulkarni AP (2001) Hepatotoxicity in Introduction to
biochemical toxicology 3rd
Edition edited by E Hodgson and R C Smart (A
John Wiley amp Sons Inc New York) 487
Mezzetti A Di Ilio C Calafiore AM Aceto A Marzio L Frederici G
and Cuccurullo F (1990) Glutathione peroxidase glutathione reductase and
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Michael Metz (2005) Liver function tests IMVS News letter 57
Michalak A (2006) Phenolic compounds and their antioxidant activity in
plants growing under heavy metal stress Polish J Environ Studies 15(4)
523-530
Milagro FI Campioacuten J and Martiacutenez JA (2006) Weight gain induced
by high-fat feeding involves increased liver oxidative stress Obesity (Silver
Spring) 14 1118ndash1123
Miliauskas G Venskutonis PR and Van Beek TA (2004) Screening of
radical scavenging activity of some medicinal and aromatic plant extracts
Food Chemistry 85 231ndash237
Ming M Guanhua L Zhanhai Y Guang C and Xuan Z (2009) Effect
of the Lycium barbarum polysaccharides administration on blood lipid
metabolism and oxidative stress of mice fed high-fat diet in vivo Food
Chemistry 113 872ndash877
Misra A Khurana L Vikram NK Goel A and Wasir JS (2007)
Metabolic syndrome in children current issues and South Asian perspective
Nutrition 23(11ndash12)895ndash910
Misra A Misra R Wijesuriya M and Banerjee D (2007) The metabolic
syndrome in south Asians continuing escalation amp possible solutions Indian
J Med Res 125(3)345ndash54
Misra A Vikram NK (2004) Insulin resistance syndrome (metabolic
syndrome) and obesity in Asian Indians Evidence and implications
Nutrition 20482ndash491
Mithra SK Seshadri SJ Venkataranganna MV Gopumadhavan S
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formulation in galactosamine induced hepatopathy in rats Indian J Physiol
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mushroom against rat liver oxidative damage and fibrosis induced by CCL4
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Mohan V (2004) Why are Indians more prone to diabetes J Assoc Phys
India 52468ndash474
Mohan V and Deepa R (2006) Adipocytokines and The expanding Asian
Indian Phenotype J Assoc Physic Ind 54 685-6
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Moon YJ Wang X Morris and ME (2006) Toxicol In Vitro 20 187
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steatohepatitis Hepatology 37 909ndash16
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Nanji AA (2004b) Another animal model for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
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Nanji AA (2004a) Animal models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and
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steatohepatitis summary of an AASLD single topic conference Hepatology
371202ndash19
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Entada saponin-III a saponin isolated from the bark of Entada phaseoloides
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Okada Y Shibata S Javellana AMJ and Kamo O (1988) Entada
saponins (ES) II and IV from the bark of Entada phaseoloides Chemical and
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Oteiza PI Erlejman AG Verstraeten SV Keen CL and Fraga CG
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the membrane surface Clin Dev Immunol 12 (1) 19ndash25
Owen R W Giacosa A Hull W E Haubner R Spiegelhalder B and
Bartsh H (2000) The antioxidantanticancer potential of phenolic
compounds isolated from olive oil European Journal of Cancer 36 1235ndash
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Oyaizu M (1986) Studies on product of browning reaction prepared from
glucose amine Japanese Journal of Nutrition 44307-315
Ozcan U Cao Q Yilmaz E Lee AH Iwakoshi NN and Ozdelen E
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diabetes Science 306457ndash61
Ozturk-Urek R Bozkaya LA and Tarhan L (2001) The effects of some
antioxidant vitamins and trace elements supplemented diets on activities of
SOD CAT GSH-Px and LPO levels in chicken tissues Cell Biochemistry
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Pacheco-Alvarez D Solorzano-Vargas RS and Leon-Del-Rio A (2002)
Biotin in metabolism and its relationship tohuman disease Arch Med Res
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Pacher P Beckman JS and Liaudet L (1997) (Nitric oxide and
peroxynitrite in health and disease Physiol Rev 87 (1) 315ndash424
Pacher P Beckman JS and Liaudet L (2007) Nitric oxide and
peroxynitrite In health and disease Physiological Reviews 87(1) 315ndash424
Paetau I Khachik F Brown ED Beecher GR Kramer TR and
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Pan HZ Zhang H Chang D Li H and Sui H (2008) The change of
oxidative stress products in diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy Br J
Ophthalmol 92 548ndash51
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tissue growth factor expression a potential mechanism involved in
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44
Paranjpe P (2001) Indian Medicinal Plants Forgotten Healers A Guide to
Ayurvedic Herbal Medicine Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratisthan Delhi p316
Park CH Yamabe N Noh JS Kang KS Tanaka T Yokozawa T
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and lipid metabolism in the liver of dbdb mice Biol Pharm Bull 32 1734ndash
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Parrotta JA (2006) Healing Plants of Peninsular India CABI Publishing
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Patchett AA and Nargund RP (2000) Annu Rep Med Chem 35
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Pauly Nicolas Pucciariello C Mandon K Innocenti G Jamet A
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Peach and Tracey MV (1955) In modern methods of plant analyse 4
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Perez C Canal JR and Torres MD (2003) Experimental diabetes treated
with Ficus carica extract effect on oxidative stress parameters Acta
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Perez-Amador MC Ocotero VM Castaneda JMG and Esquinca
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Perry G Cash AD Srinivas R and Smith MA (2002) Metals and
oxidative homeostasis in Alzheimerlsquos disease Drug Development and
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Pietta PG (2000) Flavonoids and antioxidants J Nat Prod 63 1035-
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Pignatelli P Pulcinelli FM and Lenti L (1998) Hydrogen Peroxide Is
Involved in Collagen-Induced Platelet Activation Blood 91 (2) 484-490
Pirola L Johnston AM Van Obberghen E (2004) Modulation of insulin
action Diabetologia 47170ndash84
Pitchersky E and Gang DR (2000) Genetics and biochemistry of
secondary metabolites in plants An evolutionary perspective Trends Plant
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Pompella A Visvikis A and Paolicchi A (2003) The changing faces of
glutathione a cellular protagonist [J] Biochem Pharmacl 66(8) 1499-1503
Prasad K (2010) Effects of vitamin E on serum enzymes and electrolytes in
hypercholesterolemia Molecular Cellular Biochemistry 335 67ndash74
Prasamthi Muralidhara K and Rajini PS (2005) Fenvalerate-induced
oxidative damage in rat tissues and its attenuation by dietary sesame oil
Food Chem Toxicol 43 299ndash306
Pryor WA (1993) Measurement of oxidative stress status in humans
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2 289-292
Puppo A (1992) Effect of flavonoids on hydroxyl radical formation by
Fenton-type reactions influence of the iron chelator Phytochemistry 31
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Rachna A and Abdelhaq R (2003) Redistribution of glucose-6-phosphate
dehydrogenase in response to cerebral ischemia in rat brain Indian J Clin
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Rahman NN Khan M and Hasan R (1994) Bioactive components from
Ficus glomerata Pure and Applied Chemistry 66 2287ndash2290
Rajesh MG and Latha MS (2004) Preliminary evaluation of the
antihepatotoxic activity of Kamilari a polyherbal formulation J
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Rajkapoor B Anandan R and Jayakar B (2002) Anti-ulcer effect of
Nigella sativa Linn against gastric ulcers in rats Curr Sci 82 177ndash179
Ramadan MF (2007) Nutritional value functional properties and
nutraceutical applications of black cumin (Nigella sativa L) an overview
International Journal of Food Science and Technology 42 1208ndash1218
Ramadan MF and Moumlrsel JT (2004) Oxidative stability of black cumin
(Nigella sativa L) coriander (Coriandrum sativum L) and niger (Guizotia
abyssinica Cass) crude seed oils upon stripping Eur J Lipid Sci Technol
106 35ndash43
Randhawa MA and Al-Ghamdi MS (2002) A review of the
pharmacotherapeutic effects of Nigella sativa Pakistan Journal of Medical
Research 41 77ndash83
Rao BR Murugresan T Sinha S Saha BP Pal M and Mandal SC
(2002) Glucose lowering efficacy of Ficus racemosa barks extract in normal
and alloxan diabetic rats Phytotherapy Research 16 590ndash592
Rao CV Arti R Verma M Vijayakumar S Rastogi (2008)
Gastroprotective effect of standardized extract of Ficus glomerata fruit on
experimental gastric ulcers in rats Journal of Ethnopharmacology 115
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Rao KS (2009) Free radical induced oxidative damage to DNA relation to
brain aging and neurological disorders Indian J Biochem Biophys 46 9ndash15
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
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Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
Evans C (1999) Antioxidant activity applying in an improved radical cation
decolorisation assay Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231-1237
Recknagel RO Glende EA JR Waller RL and Loery K (1982) Lipid
peroxidation ndashBiochemistry measurement and signified in liver cell injury in
toxicology in the liver edited by G L Plea and W R Hewilt (Raven press
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Reddy AR Chiatanya KV and vivekanandan M (2004) Draught
induced response of photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism in higher
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and benzyl adenine and dark- treated graving rice (Oryza sativa) leaves II
Changes in peroxidases activity Plant Cell Physiol 26 987- 994
Reid AE (2001) Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Gasteroenterology 121
710-723
Reitman S Frankel S (1957) Amer JClin Path 2856
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York Plenum Press 279-292
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(eds) Standard methods of clinical chemistry 6th
ed New York Academic
press 6 215-222
Rice-Evans CA Miller NJ and Paganga G (1996) Structurendashantioxidant
activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids J Free Radic Biol
Med 20 933ndash956
Richter C (1987) Biophysical consequences of lipid peroxidation in
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Rinella ME Elias MS Smolak RR Fu T Borensztajn J and Green
RM (2008) Mechanisms of hepatic steatosis in mice fed a lipogenic
methionine choline-deficient diet J Lipid Res 491068ndash76
Rizvi MMA Irshad M Hassadi GE and Younis SB (2009) Bio
efficacies of Cassia fistula An Indian labrum African Journal of Pharmacy
and Pharmacology 3(6) 287-292
Robak J Gryglewski RJ (1988) Flavonoids are scavengers of superoxide
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Robak J Maran and Kiewicz R (1995) Scavenging of reactive oxygen
species as the mechanism of drug action Polish J of Pharmacol 47 89-98
Robert M (2006) Mineral surfaces and the prebiotic selection and
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Roberts CK Barnard RJ Sindhu RK Jurczak M Ehdaie A and
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and antioxidant enzymes in diet-induced metabolic syndrome Metabolism
55 928ndash934
Robertson G Leclercq I and Farrell GC (2001) Nonalcoholic steatosis
and steatohepatitis II Cytochrome P-450 enzymes and oxidative stress
American Journal of Physiology Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 281
(5) G1135ndashG1139
Roe J H and Keuther C A (1943) The determination of ascorbic acid in
whole blood and urine through 2 4-dinitro phenyl hydrazine derivative of
dehydro ascorbic acid J Biol Chem 147 399- 407
Rohrdanz E Schmuck G Ohler S and Kahl R (2001) The influence of
oxidative stress on catalase and MnSOD gene transcription in astrocytes
Brain Res 900 128-136
Rojas C Cadenas S Lopez-Torres M Perez-Campo R and Barja G
(1996) Increase in heart glutathione redox and total antioxidant capacity and
dcrease in lipid peroxidation after vitamin E dietary supplementation in
guinea pigs Free Radic Biol Med 21 907-15
Romeo S Sentinelli F Dash S Yeo GS Savage DB Leonetti F
Capoccia D Incani M Maglio C Iacovino M OlsquoRahilly S and Baroni
MG (2010) Int J Obes (Lond) 34 190ndash194
Romero AM Mirtha MD Sturia MA and Judis MA (2004)
Antioxidant properties of polyphenol-containing extract from soybean
fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae Eur J Lipid Sci Technol 106
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Rosen HR and Keefe EB (1998) Laboratory evaluation of the patient
with signs and symptoms of liver disease In clinical practice of
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820
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Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis association of insulin resistance and
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Antioxidant effect of aqueous extract of the bark of Ficus bengalensis in
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Yang H Roberts LJ Jian Shi M Chun Zhou Li Ballard BR
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Yang JS Lee SJ Park HW and Cha YS (2006) Effect of genistein
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Yang S Zhu H Li Y Lin H Gabrielson K Trush MA and Diehl
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Yu L Haley S Perret J Harris M Wilson J and Qian M (2002) Free
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Yun SN Moon SJ Ko SK Im BO and Chung SH (2004) Wild
ginseng prevents the onset of high-fat diet induced hyperglycemia and
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Zak B (1954) Cholesterol Methodologies A review Clin Chem 23 1201
Zhai S Dai R Friedman FK and Vestal RE (1998) Drug Metab
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Zhang HM Chen SW Zhang LS and Feng XF (2008) The effects of
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Zhao B (2009) Natural antioxidants protect neurons in Alzheimerlsquos disease
and Parkinsonlsquos disease Neurochem Res 34 630ndash8
Zheng S Hoos L Cook J Tetzloff G Harry DJ and Van Heek M
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alcoholic fatty liver disease Vascular Health and Risk Management 4 235ndash
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Zhu X Zhang W Pang X Wang J Zhao J and Qu W (2011)
Hypolipidaemic effect of n-butanol extract from Asparagus officinalis L in
mice fed a high-fat diet Phytotherapy Research 31 doi101002ptr3380
Zimmerman H J and Seeff L B (1970) Enzymes in hepatic disease In E
L Goodly (Ed) Diagnostic Enzymology (pp 1ndash38) Philadelphia USA
Lea amp Febiger
Zimmet P Shaw J and Alberti KG (2003) Preventing Type 2 Diabetes
and the Dysmetabolic Syndrome in the Real World a Realistic View Diabet
Med 20 693-702
Kallwitz ER McLachlan A and Cotler SJ (2008) Role of peroxisome
proliferators-activated receptors in the pathogenesis and treatment of
nonalcoholic fatty liver disease World J Gastroenterol 1422ndash8
Kamal-Eldin A and Appelqvist LA (1996) The chemistry and antioxidant
properties of tocopherols and tocotrienols Lipids 31 671-701
Kamat JP Boloor KK Devasagayam TPA and Venkatachalam SR
(2000) Radio-protective properties of Asparagus racemosus in vitro in rat
liver mitochondria JEthanopharmacol 71 425-435
Kamboj VP (2000) Herbal medicine Curr Med 78 35-39
Kantartzis K Peter A Machicao F Machann J Wagner S
Koumlnigsrainer I Koumlnigsrainer A Schick F Fritsche A Haumlring HU
and Stefan N (2009) Diabetes 58 2616ndash2623
Kappus H (1991) Lipid peroxidation-mechanism and biological relevance
In O I Aruoma amp B Halliwell (Eds) Free radicals and food additives (pp
59ndash75) London UK Taylor and Francis Press
Karan M Vasisht K and Handa SS (1999) Antihepatotoxic activity of
Swrtia chirata on paracetamol and galactosamine induced hepatotoxicity in
rats Phytotherapy Research 13(2) 95-101
Karu N Reifen R and Kerem Z (2007) Weight gain reduction in mice
fed Panax ginseng saponin a pancreatic lipase inhibitor J Agric Food Chem
55 2824ndash8
Kataria M and Singh LN (1997) Hepatoprotective effect of Liv-52 and
Kumaryasava on CCl4 induced hepatic damage in rats Indian Journal of
Experimental 35 655-657
Katina K Arendt E Liukkonen KH Autio K Flander L and Poutanen
K (2005) Potential of sourdough for healthier cereal products Trends Food
Science and Technology 16 104ndash112
Katz D Mazor D Dvilansky A and Meyerstein N (1996) Effect of
radiation on red cell membrane and intracellular oxidative defense systems
Free Radical Research 24 199ndash204
Kaufmann (1999) National products of high pharmacological potency
Biochem pharmacol 32 1141-1148
Kechagias S Ernersson A Dahlqvist O Lundberg P Lindstrom T and
Nystrom FH (2008) Fast-food-based hyper-alimentation can induce rapid
and profound elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase in healthy
subjects Gut 57 649ndash654
Keeling CI and Bohlmann J (2006) Genes enzymes and chemicals of
teerpenoid diversity in the constitutive and induced defence of coniters
against insects and pathogens New Phytol 170 657-675
Kefalas P Kallithraka S Parejo I and Makris DP (2003) Food Sci
Technol Int 9 383
Kelloff GJ Boone CW Crowell JA Steele VE Lubet RA Doody
LA Maolone WF Hawk ET and Sigman CC (1996) New agents for
cancer chemoprevention J Cell Biochem 26s 1ndash28
Khan MS Nema N Kharya MD and Khanam S (2009)
Chromatographic estimation of maturity based phytochemical profiling of
Ipomoea mauritiana 1 22-30
Khan N and Sultana ST (2005) Chemomodulatory effect of Ficus
racemosa extract against chemically induced renal carcinogenesis and
oxidative damage response in Wistar rats Life Sciences 77 1194ndash1210
Kim YS Bahn KN Hah CK Gang HI and Ha YL (2008)
Inhibition of 712-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene induced mouse skin
carcinogenesis by Artemisia capillaries J Food Sci 73 T16ndash20
Kim YY Kang HJ Ko SK and Chung SH (2002) Sopungsungiwon
(SP) prevents the onset of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in Zucker
diabetic fatty rats Archives Pharmacal Research 25 923ndash931
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clinical enzymology (Ed Van D) London Nostrond Company Limited
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dehydrogenase In Practical Clinical Enzymology (Ed Van D) London
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Kitchen DB Decornez H Furr JR and Bajorath J (2004) Docking and
scoring in virtual screening for drug discovery methods and applications
Nature reviews Drug discovery 3(11) 935ndash49 doi101038nrd1549
PMID 15520816
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system Ann Clin Lab Sci 30 145-158
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Koek GH et al Clinica Chimica Acta xxx (2011) xxxndashxxx Koek GH et
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Acta (2011) doi101016jcca201104013
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Medicinal Chemistry 24(2) 395minus405
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Inhibition of LDL oxidation by cocoa Lancet 348 1514
Koneacute WM Atindehou KK Terreaux C Hostettmann K Traoreacute D
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Krishnamoorthy V Divianathan S Subramanian B and Shanmugam M
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59
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Lansky EP Helena M Paavilainena Alison D Pawlus B Robert A
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Laurin J Lindor KD Crippin JS Gossard A Gores GJ Ludwig J
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Le K Chiu F and Ng K (2007) Identification and quantification of
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Le PM Benhaddou-Andaloussi A Elimadi A Settaf A Cherrah Y
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Lee GS Yan JS Ng RK Kakar S and Maher JJ (2007)
Polyunsaturated fat in the methionine-choline-deficient diet influences
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Lee JK N and Min DB (2004) Reactive Oxygen Species Aging and
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Lee KS Buck M Houglum K and Chojkier M (1995) Activation of
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Lee KW Everts H Kappert HJ Yeom KH and Beynen AC (2003)
Dietary carvacrol lowers body weight gain but improves feed conversion in
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Lenhard JM (2007) Gottschalk WK (2002) Preclinical developmentsin
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Li H Wang QJ Zhu DN and Yang Y (2008) Reinioside C a
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Lieber CS Leo MA Mak KM Xu Y Cao Q Ren C
Ponomarenko A and DeCarli LM (2004) Model of nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 79(3) 502ndash509
Lin J Yang R Tarr PT Wu PH Handschin C and Li S (2005)
Hyperlipidemic effects of dietary saturated fats mediated through PGC-1β
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Lindor KD Dickson ER Baldus WP Jorgensen RA Ludwig J
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Lindor KD Kodley KV Heathcote EJ Harrison ME Jorgensen R and
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Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Instructorlsquos Resource Parthlsquos
Pathophysiology Concepts of Altered Health States Seventh edition 2008
Liu C H Hung M T and Huang P C (1995) Source of triacylglycerol
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Liu F and Ng TB (2000) Antioxidative and free radical scavenging
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Liu F Ooi VEC and Chang S T (1997) Free radical scavenging
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Liu L and Meydani M (2002) Combined vitamin C and E
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Lizardi-Cervera J and Aquilar-Zapata D (2009) Nonalcoholic fatty liver
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Lopez-Avila V L and A and Yefchak G (2009) Use of GC-QTOF MS to
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Lopez-Garcia E Schulze MB Meigs JB Manson JE Rifai N and
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Ludwig J Viggiano TR McGill DB and Ott BJ (1980) Non-alcoholic
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Lyon CJ Law RE and Hsueh WA (2003) Minireview adiposity
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Mabrouk GM Moselhy SS Zohny SF Ali EM Helal TE Amin
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Madan MP Raghavan G Singh AK and Palpu P (2005) Free radical
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Mahmoud MR El-Abhar HS and Saleh S (2002) The effect of Nigella
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Makino I Shinozaki K Yoshino K and Nakagawa S (1975)
Dissolution of cholesterol gallstones by long-term administration of
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Mallikharjuna PB Rajanna LN Seetharam YN and Sharanabasappa
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Manco M Calvani M and Mingrone G (2004) Effects of dietary fatty
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6 402ndash413
Manian R Anusuya N Siddhuraju P and Manian S (2008) The
antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging potential of two different
solvent extracts of Camellia sinensis (L) O Kuntz Ficus bengalensis L and
Ficus racemosa L Food Chemistry 107 1000ndash1007
Marchand LL Murphy SP Hankin JH Wilkens LR Kolonel LN
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Marchesini G Bugianesi E Forlani G Cerrelli F Lenzi M Manini
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(2003) Nonalcoholic fatty liver steatohepatitis and the metabolic syndrome
Hepatology 37 917ndash 923
Mari M Caballero F Colell A Morales A Caballeria J Fernandez
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Mitochondrial free cholesterol loading sensitizes to TNF and Fas-meidated
steatohepatitis Cell Metabolism 4 185ndash198
Marimuthu P Wu CL Chang HT and Chang ST (2008) Antioxidant
activity of the ethanolic extract from the bark of Chamaecyparis obtuse var
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Mariod AA Ibrahim RM Ismail M and Ismail N (2009) Antioxidant
activity and phenolic content of phenolic rich fractions obtained from black
cumin (Nigella sativa) seedcake Food Chemistry 116 306ndash312
Maron DJ (2004) Flavonoids for reduction of atherosclerotic risk Curr
Atheroscler Rep 6 73-78
Marra F Gastaldelli A Svegliati Baroni G Tell G and Tiribelli C
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Mason JS Morize I Menard PR Cheney DL Hulme C and
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Mates JM Perez-Gomez C and Decastro IN (1999) Clin Chem 32
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Matsuzawa N Takamura T Kurita S Misu H Ota T Ando H
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Matsuzawa Y Shimomura I Nakamura T Keno Y Kotani K and
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Matteoni C Younossi Z Gramlich T Boparai N and Liu Y (1999)
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Matthaei S StumvollM Kellerer M and Haring (2000) Endocr H-U
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Matthew Ricci (2008) NAFLD (Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease) A
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Matthew Cave Ion Deaciuc Christian Mendez Zhenyuan Song Swati
Joshi-Barve Shirish Barve Craig McClain (2007) Nonalcoholic fatty liver
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Biochemistry 18 184ndash 195
Mavrelis PG Ammon HV Gleysteen JJ Komorowski RA and
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edition 588-
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Mazur A Bayle D Lab C Rock E and Rayssiguier Y (1999)
Inhibitory effect of procyanidin-rich extracts on LDL oxidation in vitro
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McCay PB (1985) Vitamin E Interactions with free radicals and
ascorbate Ann Rev Nutr 5 323-340
McCullough AJ (2004) The clinical features diagnosis and natural history
of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Clinics in Liver Disease 8 521ndash533
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Assessing potential bioavallability of raspberry anthocyanins using an in
vitro digestion system Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53(15)
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Mehta B K Sharma U Pandit V Agrawal S Joshi N and Gupta M
(2008) Med Chem Res 17 462ndash473
Meng EC Shoichet BK and Kuntz ID (2004) Automated docking
with grid-based energy evaluation Journal of Computational Chemistry 13
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Merchant JR Bakshi VM and Engineer AB (1979) Chemical
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Meydani M (2000) Vitamin E and prevention of heart disease in high-risk
patients Nutr Rev 58 278-281
Meyer SA and Kulkarni AP (2001) Hepatotoxicity in Introduction to
biochemical toxicology 3rd
Edition edited by E Hodgson and R C Smart (A
John Wiley amp Sons Inc New York) 487
Mezzetti A Di Ilio C Calafiore AM Aceto A Marzio L Frederici G
and Cuccurullo F (1990) Glutathione peroxidase glutathione reductase and
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523-530
Milagro FI Campioacuten J and Martiacutenez JA (2006) Weight gain induced
by high-fat feeding involves increased liver oxidative stress Obesity (Silver
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Miliauskas G Venskutonis PR and Van Beek TA (2004) Screening of
radical scavenging activity of some medicinal and aromatic plant extracts
Food Chemistry 85 231ndash237
Ming M Guanhua L Zhanhai Y Guang C and Xuan Z (2009) Effect
of the Lycium barbarum polysaccharides administration on blood lipid
metabolism and oxidative stress of mice fed high-fat diet in vivo Food
Chemistry 113 872ndash877
Misra A Khurana L Vikram NK Goel A and Wasir JS (2007)
Metabolic syndrome in children current issues and South Asian perspective
Nutrition 23(11ndash12)895ndash910
Misra A Misra R Wijesuriya M and Banerjee D (2007) The metabolic
syndrome in south Asians continuing escalation amp possible solutions Indian
J Med Res 125(3)345ndash54
Misra A Vikram NK (2004) Insulin resistance syndrome (metabolic
syndrome) and obesity in Asian Indians Evidence and implications
Nutrition 20482ndash491
Mithra SK Seshadri SJ Venkataranganna MV Gopumadhavan S
Udupa UV and Sarma DNK (2000) Effect of HD-03-a herbal
formulation in galactosamine induced hepatopathy in rats Indian J Physiol
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Modi KP Patel NM and Goyal R K (2008) Estimation of L-topaf from
Mucuna pruriens Linn And formation containing Mpruriens by HPTLC
method Chem Pharma Bull 56(3) 357
Mohamed and Azza M (2008) The ameliorative actions of Agaricus blazei
mushroom against rat liver oxidative damage and fibrosis induced by CCL4
International Journal of Biotechnology amp Biochemistry 303-323
Mohan V (2004) Why are Indians more prone to diabetes J Assoc Phys
India 52468ndash474
Mohan V and Deepa R (2006) Adipocytokines and The expanding Asian
Indian Phenotype J Assoc Physic Ind 54 685-6
Moncada A Palmaer RMJ and Higgs EA (1991) Nitric oxide
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Moon YJ Wang X Morris and ME (2006) Toxicol In Vitro 20 187
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Morris GM Goodsell DS Halliday RS Huey R Hart WE Belew
RK and Olson AJ (1998) Automated docking using a Lamarkian genetic
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antibiotics as a mechanism of pathogenesis Microbiological and Molecular
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Moss DW and Butterorth PJ (1974) Enzymology and Medicine London
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Mursu J Voutilainen S Nurmi T Tuomainen TP Kurl S and Salonen
JT (2008) Flavonoid intake and the risk of ischaemic stroke and CVD
mortality in middle aged Finnishmen The Kuopio Ischaemic heart disease
risk factor study Br J Nutr 100 (4) 890ndash895
Musso G Gambino R and Cassader M (2009) Recent insights into
hepatic lipid metabolism in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
Progress in Lipid Research 48 1e26
Musso G Gambino R and De Michieli F (2003) Dietary habits and their
relations to insulin resistance and postprandial lipemia in nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis Hepatology 37 909ndash16
Mythilypriya R Shanthi P and Sachdanandam P (2007) Oral acute and
subacute toxicity studies with Kalpaamruthaa a modified indigenous
preparation on rats J Health Sci 53(4) 351-358
Nadakarni KM (1976) Corcus sativus Nigella sativa In Nadkarni KM
(Ed) Indian Materia Medica Popular Prakashan Bombay India pp 386ndash
411
Naganna B (1989) Plasma proteins In Textbook of Biochemistry and
Human Biology Talwar GP Srivastava LM and Moudgil K D Prentice-
Hall of India Private Ltd New-Delhi 2nd
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steatohepatitis summary of an AASLD single topic conference Hepatology
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Evaluation of acute and subacute toxicity of Alstnia congensis Engler
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Entada saponin-III a saponin isolated from the bark of Entada phaseoloides
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(2005) Flavonoidndashmembrane interaction a protective role of flavonoids at
the membrane surface Clin Dev Immunol 12 (1) 19ndash25
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compounds isolated from olive oil European Journal of Cancer 36 1235ndash
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diabetes Science 306457ndash61
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antioxidant vitamins and trace elements supplemented diets on activities of
SOD CAT GSH-Px and LPO levels in chicken tissues Cell Biochemistry
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peroxynitrite in health and disease Physiol Rev 87 (1) 315ndash424
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peroxynitrite In health and disease Physiological Reviews 87(1) 315ndash424
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Pan HZ Zhang H Chang D Li H and Sui H (2008) The change of
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Ayurvedic Herbal Medicine Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratisthan Delhi p316
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Perez-Amador MC Ocotero VM Castaneda JMG and Esquinca
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Perry G Cash AD Srinivas R and Smith MA (2002) Metals and
oxidative homeostasis in Alzheimerlsquos disease Drug Development and
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1042
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Involved in Collagen-Induced Platelet Activation Blood 91 (2) 484-490
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action Diabetologia 47170ndash84
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glutathione a cellular protagonist [J] Biochem Pharmacl 66(8) 1499-1503
Prasad K (2010) Effects of vitamin E on serum enzymes and electrolytes in
hypercholesterolemia Molecular Cellular Biochemistry 335 67ndash74
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oxidative damage in rat tissues and its attenuation by dietary sesame oil
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Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2 289-292
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Rahman NN Khan M and Hasan R (1994) Bioactive components from
Ficus glomerata Pure and Applied Chemistry 66 2287ndash2290
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antihepatotoxic activity of Kamilari a polyherbal formulation J
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Rajkapoor B Anandan R and Jayakar B (2002) Anti-ulcer effect of
Nigella sativa Linn against gastric ulcers in rats Curr Sci 82 177ndash179
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nutraceutical applications of black cumin (Nigella sativa L) an overview
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(Nigella sativa L) coriander (Coriandrum sativum L) and niger (Guizotia
abyssinica Cass) crude seed oils upon stripping Eur J Lipid Sci Technol
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Randhawa MA and Al-Ghamdi MS (2002) A review of the
pharmacotherapeutic effects of Nigella sativa Pakistan Journal of Medical
Research 41 77ndash83
Rao BR Murugresan T Sinha S Saha BP Pal M and Mandal SC
(2002) Glucose lowering efficacy of Ficus racemosa barks extract in normal
and alloxan diabetic rats Phytotherapy Research 16 590ndash592
Rao CV Arti R Verma M Vijayakumar S Rastogi (2008)
Gastroprotective effect of standardized extract of Ficus glomerata fruit on
experimental gastric ulcers in rats Journal of Ethnopharmacology 115
323ndash326
Rao KS (2009) Free radical induced oxidative damage to DNA relation to
brain aging and neurological disorders Indian J Biochem Biophys 46 9ndash15
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
Evans C (1999) Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231ndash1237
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
Evans C (1999) Antioxidant activity applying in an improved radical cation
decolorisation assay Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231-1237
Recknagel RO Glende EA JR Waller RL and Loery K (1982) Lipid
peroxidation ndashBiochemistry measurement and signified in liver cell injury in
toxicology in the liver edited by G L Plea and W R Hewilt (Raven press
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induced response of photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism in higher
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and benzyl adenine and dark- treated graving rice (Oryza sativa) leaves II
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ed New York Academic
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activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids J Free Radic Biol
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Rinella ME Elias MS Smolak RR Fu T Borensztajn J and Green
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methionine choline-deficient diet J Lipid Res 491068ndash76
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Roberts CK Barnard RJ Sindhu RK Jurczak M Ehdaie A and
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and antioxidant enzymes in diet-induced metabolic syndrome Metabolism
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Robertson G Leclercq I and Farrell GC (2001) Nonalcoholic steatosis
and steatohepatitis II Cytochrome P-450 enzymes and oxidative stress
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Capoccia D Incani M Maglio C Iacovino M OlsquoRahilly S and Baroni
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Antioxidant properties of polyphenol-containing extract from soybean
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Rosenberg HR (1992) Chemistry and Physiology of the citamins Inter
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expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in a high fat-induced
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Ryan L OConnell O OSullivan L Aherne SA and OBrien NM
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Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 63(3) 127minus133
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Interact 175 318ndash26
Sahai A Malladi P Melin-Aldana H Green RM and Whitington PF
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antioxidant activities of various solvent extracts of Carissa opaca fruits
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Sairam K Rao ChV Babu MD Kumar V Agarwal VK and Goel
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Samuel VT Liu ZX Qu X Elder BD Bilz S Befroy D Romanelli
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Sanyal AJ (2002) GA technical review on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Gastroenterology 123 1705ndash1725
Sanyal AJ Campbell-Sargent C Mirshahi F Rizzo WB Contos MJ
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Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis association of insulin resistance and
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Sharma P and Dubey RSH (2005) Drought induces stress and enhances
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Antioxidative properties of xanthan on the autoxidation of soybean oil in
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Shimizu MH Araujo M Borges SM De Tolassa EM and Seguro
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failure Exp Gerontol 39 825-830
Shoelson SE Lee J and Goldfine AB (2006) Inflammation and insulin
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Shukla R Gupta S Gambhir JK Prabhu KM and Murthy PS (2004)
Antioxidant effect of aqueous extract of the bark of Ficus bengalensis in
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Silva BA Ferreres F Malva JO and Dias ACP (2005)
Phytochemical and antioxidant characterization of Hypericum perforatum
alcoholic extracts Food Chemistry 90 157ndash167
Singanan V Singana M and Begum H (2007) The hepatoprotective
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International J Science and Technology 2(2) 83-92
Singh M Govindarajan R Nath V Singh RAK and Mehrotra S
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Ethanopharamacology 107 67-72
Singh R Wang Y Schattenberg JM Xiang Y and Czaja MJ (2009)
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Singh SP Nayak S and Swain M (2004) Prevalence of non-alcoholic
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Sirisha N Sreenivasulu M Sangeeta K and Madhusudhana Chetty C
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Plant Source Oxford and IBH Publishing Co Pvt Ltd New Delhi India
Smid E J De Witte Y and Gorris L G M (1995) Postharvest Biol
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Smirnoff N (2001) ―L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis Vitam Horm 61 241-
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Smirnoff N Cumbes QJ (1989) Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of
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Solga S Alkhuraishe AR and Clark JM (2004) Dietary composition
and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Dig Dis Sci 491578ndash83
Son IS Kim JH Sohn HY Son KH Kim JS and Kwon CS
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saponin of yam (Dioscorea spp) on high-cholesterol fed rats Bioscience
Biotechnology and Biochemistry 71 3063ndash3071
Song BJ Moon KH and Olsson NU (2008) Prevention of alcoholic
fatty liver and mitochondrial dysfunction in the rat by long-chain
polyunsaturated fatty acids J Hepatol 49 262ndash273
Song Y Manson JE Buring JE Sesso HD and Liu S (2005) J Am
Coll Nutr 24 376e384
Sookoian S Castanlsquoo GO Burguenlsquoo AL Gianotti TF Risselli MS
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the hamster The Journal of Clinical Investigation 81 300ndash309
Spencer JP Jenner A Butler J Aruoma OI Dexter DT Jenner P
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Spiteller G (2001) Lipid peroxidation in aging and age-dependent diseases
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Spolarics Z and Meyenhofer M (2000) Augmented resistance to oxidative
stress in fatty rat livers induced by a short-term sucrose-rich diet Biochim
Biophys Acta 1487 190-200
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curcuminoids Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 49 105ndash107
Srivastava V (2008) Bioinformation 3 180 [PMID 19238244]
Stadlbauer V Fickert P Lackner C Schmerlaib J Krisper P Trauner
M and Stauber RE (2005) Hepatotoxicity of NONI juice Report of two
cases World J Gastroenterol 11 4758ndash4760
Stadtman ER and Levine RL (2003) Free radical-mediated oxidation of
free amino acids and amino acid residues in proteins Amino Acids 25 207-
218
Stanner SA Hughes J Kelly CN and Buttriss JA (2004) Review of
the epidemiological evidence for the antioxidant hypotheses Public Health
Nutrition 7 407-422
Steiner RP (1986) Folk Medicine ndash The Art and the Science American
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Stickel F and Schuppan D (2007) Herbal medicine in the treatment of
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Med Hypotheses 60 567-572
Stiehl A Walker S Stiehl L Rudolph G Hofmann WJ and
Theilmann L (1994) Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on liver and bile duct
disease in primary sclerosing cholangitis A 3-year pilot study with a
placebo-controlled study period J Hepatol 20 57ndash64
Sudhahar V Kumar SA and Varalakshmi P (2006) Role of lupeol and
lupeol linoleate on lipemicndashoxidative stress in experimental
hypercholesterolemia Life Science 78 1329ndash1335
Sun Q Ma J Campos H Hankinson SE Manson JE and Stampfer
MJ (2007) A prospective study of trans fatty acids in erythrocytes and risk
of coronary heart disease Circulation 115 1858ndash1865
Sun WY Wei W Wu L Gui SY and Wang H (2007) Effects and
mechanisms of extract from Paeonia lactiflora and Astragalus
membranaceus on liver fibrosis induced by CCl4 in rats J
Ethanopharmacol 112 514-524
Suntress ZA and Sheck PN (1995) Prevention of lung injury by
tocopherol lipsome J Drug target 3 201
Suresh PS Kumar A Kumar R and Singh VP (2008) An in silico
[correction of insilico] approach to bioremediation laccase as a case study
J Mol Graph Model 26 (5) 845ndash9 doi101016jjmgm200705005
PMID 17606396
Swanr JC and Connor WE (1975) Hypercholesterolemia of total
starvation its mechanism via tissue mobilization of cholesterol
AmJPhysiol 229 365-369
Szczeklik A Gryglewski RJ Domagala B Dworski R and Basista M
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430
Szeto YT Tomlinson B and Benzie IF (2002) Total antioxidant and
ascorbic acid content of fresh fruits and vegetables Implications for dietary
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Taher A Ismaeel H and Cappellini MD (2006) Thalassemia intermedia
revisited Blood Cells Mol Dis 37 12-20
Tapondjou AL Miyamoto T Mirjolet JF Guilbaud N and Lacaille-
Dubois MA (2005) Pursaethosides AndashE triterpene saponins from Entada
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Yang H Roberts LJ Jian Shi M Chun Zhou Li Ballard BR
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Yang JS Lee SJ Park HW and Cha YS (2006) Effect of genistein
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Yang S Zhu H Li Y Lin H Gabrielson K Trush MA and Diehl
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spontaneous lipid peroxidation following glutathione depletion Plant Med
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Yun SN Moon SJ Ko SK Im BO and Chung SH (2004) Wild
ginseng prevents the onset of high-fat diet induced hyperglycemia and
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Zak B (1954) Cholesterol Methodologies A review Clin Chem 23 1201
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Hypolipidaemic effect of n-butanol extract from Asparagus officinalis L in
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L Goodly (Ed) Diagnostic Enzymology (pp 1ndash38) Philadelphia USA
Lea amp Febiger
Zimmet P Shaw J and Alberti KG (2003) Preventing Type 2 Diabetes
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Khan N and Sultana ST (2005) Chemomodulatory effect of Ficus
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(SP) prevents the onset of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in Zucker
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Nature reviews Drug discovery 3(11) 935ndash49 doi101038nrd1549
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Koneacute WM Atindehou KK Terreaux C Hostettmann K Traoreacute D
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Kordali S Cakir A Mavi A Kilic H and Yildirim A (2005) Screening
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Koruk M Savascedil MC Yilmaz O Tayscedil iS Karakok M Guumlndolsquogdu C
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Krishnamoorthy V Divianathan S Subramanian B and Shanmugam M
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Kulinski A Vance DE and Vance JE (2004) A choline-deficient diet in
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Kumar G Sharmila Banu G Kannan V and Rajasekarapandian M
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Anticarcinogens in Nutrition Health and Disease the Royal Society of
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Kuo YH and Li YC (2000) Four new compounds ficusal
ficusesquilignan A B and ficusolide diacetate from the heartwood of Ficus
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Kurian GA and Paddikkala J (2009) Administration of aqueous extract of
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Labhal A Settaf A Zalagh F Cherrah Y Hassar M and Slaoui A
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Lansky EP Helena M Paavilainena Alison D Pawlus B Robert A
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Lapenna D Del Boccio G Porreca E Pennelli A Mezzetti A De
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Latha M and Pari L (2004) Effect of an aqueous extract of Scoparia dulcis
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Laurin J Lindor KD Crippin JS Gossard A Gores GJ Ludwig J
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Le K Chiu F and Ng K (2007) Identification and quantification of
antioxidants in Fructus lycii Food Chemistry 105 353ndash363
Le PM Benhaddou-Andaloussi A Elimadi A Settaf A Cherrah Y
and Haddad P (2004) The petroleum ether extract of Nigella sativa exerts
lipid-lowering and insulin-sensitizing actions in the rat Journal of
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Leclercq IA (2007) Pathogenesis of steatohepatitis insights from the study
of animal models Acta Gastroenterol Belg 7025ndash31
Lee GS Yan JS Ng RK Kakar S and Maher JJ (2007)
Polyunsaturated fat in the methionine-choline-deficient diet influences
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1896
Lee JK N and Min DB (2004) Reactive Oxygen Species Aging and
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Lee KS Buck M Houglum K and Chojkier M (1995) Activation of
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Dietary carvacrol lowers body weight gain but improves feed conversion in
female broiler chickens Journal of Applied Poultry Research 12 394ndash399
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exercised mice Biochemical consequence and adaption Arch Biochem
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Lenhard JM (2007) Gottschalk WK (2002) Preclinical developmentsin
type 2 diabetes Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 54 1199ndash1212
Leung KK and Leung PS (2008) Effects of hyperglycemia on
angiotensin receptor type 1 expression and insulin secretion in an INS-1E
pancreatic beta-cell line JOP 9 290ndash299
Li H Wang QJ Zhu DN and Yang Y (2008) Reinioside C a
triterpene saponin of Polygala aureocauda Dunn exerts hypolipidemic effect
on hyperlipidemic mice Phytotherapy Research 22 159ndash164
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common European fruit and vegetable juices Journal of Agricultural and
Food Chemistry 53(1) 103minus110
Lieber CS (1997) Cytochrome P-4502E1 its physiological and
pathological role Physiol Rev 77 517ndash 44
Lieber CS Leo MA Mak KM Xu Y Cao Q Ren C
Ponomarenko A and DeCarli LM (2004) Model of nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 79(3) 502ndash509
Lin J Yang R Tarr PT Wu PH Handschin C and Li S (2005)
Hyperlipidemic effects of dietary saturated fats mediated through PGC-1β
coactivation of SREBP Cell 120261ndash73
Lindor KD Dickson ER Baldus WP Jorgensen RA Ludwig J
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Lindor KD Kodley KV Heathcote EJ Harrison ME Jorgensen R and
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results of a randomized trial Hepatology 39 770-8
Liochev SI and Fridovich I (1994) The role of O2 in the production of
HO in vitro and in vivo Free Radical Biology and Medicine 16 29ndash36
Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Instructorlsquos Resource Parthlsquos
Pathophysiology Concepts of Altered Health States Seventh edition 2008
Liu C H Hung M T and Huang P C (1995) Source of triacylglycerol
accumulation in lives of rats fed a cholesterol-supplemented diet Lipids 30
527ndash531
Liu F and Ng TB (2000) Antioxidative and free radical scavenging
activities of selected medicinal herbs Life Sciences 66 725ndash735
Liu F Ooi VEC and Chang S T (1997) Free radical scavenging
activity of mushroom polysaccharide extracts Life Science 60 763-771
Liu L and Meydani M (2002) Combined vitamin C and E
supplementation retards early progression of arteriosclerosis in heart
transplant patients Nutr Rev 60 368-371
Lizardi-Cervera J and Aquilar-Zapata D (2009) Nonalcoholic fatty liver
disease and its association with cardiovascular disease 8 S40ndashS43
Lopez-Avila V L and A and Yefchak G (2009) Use of GC-QTOF MS to
identify unknown compounds in herbal extracts 1-4
Lopez-Garcia E Schulze MB Meigs JB Manson JE Rifai N and
Stampfer MJ (2005) l Consumption of trans fatty acids is related to plasma
biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction J Nutr 135 562ndash
566
Louchami K Zhang Y Oguzhan B Delporte C Portois L and
Carpentier YA (2006) Rapid changes in liver lipid composition and
pancreatic islet K+ handling and secretory behaviour provoked by the
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Med 18 1047-1055
Lowry OH Rosebrough NJ Farr AI and Randall RJ (1951) Protein
determination with the folinlsquos phenol reagent JBiolChem 193 265-275
Luck H (1974) In Methods in enzymatic analysisBer Acad N Y 885
Ludwig J Viggiano TR McGill DB and Ott BJ (1980) Non-alcoholic
steatohepatitis Mayo clinic experiences with a hitherto unnamed disease
Mayo Clin Proc 55434-438
Lugasi A Dworschak E Blazovics A and Kery A (1998) Antioxidant
and free radical scavenging properties of squeezed juice from black radish
(Raphanus sativus I Varniger) root Phytother Res 12 502-506
Lyon CJ Law RE and Hsueh WA (2003) Minireview adiposity
inflammation and atherogenesis Endocrinology 144 2195ndash2200
Mabrouk GM Moselhy SS Zohny SF Ali EM Helal TE Amin
AA and Khalifa AA (2002) Inhibition of methylnitrosourea (MNU)
induced oxidative stress and carcinogenesis by orally administered bee honey
and Nigella grains in Sprague Dawely rats Journal of Experimental and
Clinical Cancer Research 21 (3) 341ndash346
Madan MP Raghavan G Singh AK and Palpu P (2005) Free radical
scavenging potential of Saussarea costua Acta Pharm 55 297-304
Mahendran P and Devi CSS (2001) The modulating effect of Garicinia
cambogia extract on ethanol induced peroxidative damage in rats Indian J
Pharmacology 33 87-91
Mahmoud MR El-Abhar HS and Saleh S (2002) The effect of Nigella
sativa oil against the liver damage induced by Shistosoma mansoni infection
in mice Journal of Ethnopharmacology 79 1ndash11
Makino I Shinozaki K Yoshino K and Nakagawa S (1975)
Dissolution of cholesterol gallstones by long-term administration of
ursodeoxycholic acid Nippon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi 72 690ndash702
Malik EP Singh MB (1980) Plant Enzymology and Hittoenzymology
1st Edn Kalyani Publishers New Delhi 286
Mallikharjuna PB Rajanna LN Seetharam YN and Sharanabasappa
GK (2007) Phytochemical Studies of Strychnos potatorum LF A
Medicinal Plant 4(4) 510-518
Manco M Calvani M and Mingrone G (2004) Effects of dietary fatty
acids on insulin sensitivity and secretion Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism
6 402ndash413
Manian R Anusuya N Siddhuraju P and Manian S (2008) The
antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging potential of two different
solvent extracts of Camellia sinensis (L) O Kuntz Ficus bengalensis L and
Ficus racemosa L Food Chemistry 107 1000ndash1007
Marchand LL Murphy SP Hankin JH Wilkens LR Kolonel LN
(2000) J Natl Cancer Inst 92 154
Marchesini G Bugianesi E Forlani G Cerrelli F Lenzi M Manini
R Natale S Vanni E Villanova N Melchionda N and Rizzetto M
(2003) Nonalcoholic fatty liver steatohepatitis and the metabolic syndrome
Hepatology 37 917ndash 923
Mari M Caballero F Colell A Morales A Caballeria J Fernandez
A Enrich C Fernandez-Checa JC and Garcia-Ruiz C (2006)
Mitochondrial free cholesterol loading sensitizes to TNF and Fas-meidated
steatohepatitis Cell Metabolism 4 185ndash198
Marimuthu P Wu CL Chang HT and Chang ST (2008) Antioxidant
activity of the ethanolic extract from the bark of Chamaecyparis obtuse var
Formosana J Sci Food Agric 88
Mariod AA Ibrahim RM Ismail M and Ismail N (2009) Antioxidant
activity and phenolic content of phenolic rich fractions obtained from black
cumin (Nigella sativa) seedcake Food Chemistry 116 306ndash312
Maron DJ (2004) Flavonoids for reduction of atherosclerotic risk Curr
Atheroscler Rep 6 73-78
Marra F Gastaldelli A Svegliati Baroni G Tell G and Tiribelli C
(2008) Molecular basis and mechanisms of progression of non-alcoholic
steatohepatitis Trends Mol Med 14 72ndash81
Mason JS Morize I Menard PR Cheney DL Hulme C and
Labaudiniere RF (1999) J Med Chem 42 3251e3264
Mates JM Perez-Gomez C and Decastro IN (1999) Clin Chem 32
595-603
Matsuzawa N Takamura T Kurita S Misu H Ota T Ando H
Yokoyama M Honda M Zen Y Nakanuma Y Miyamoto K and
Kaneko S (2007) Lipid-induced oxidative stress causes steatohepatitis in
mice fed an atherogenic diet Hepatology 46 1392ndash1403
Matsuzawa Y Shimomura I Nakamura T Keno Y Kotani K and
Tokunaga K (1995) Pathophysiology and pathogenesis of visceral fat
obesity Obes Res 3 187Sndash194S
Matteoni C Younossi Z Gramlich T Boparai N and Liu Y (1999)
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease a spectrum of clinical and pathological
severity Gastroenterology 116 1413e1419
Matthaei S StumvollM Kellerer M and Haring (2000) Endocr H-U
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Matthew Ricci (2008) NAFLD (Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease) A
Brief Scientific Literature Review Research Diets Inc 3000-2-09
Matthew Cave Ion Deaciuc Christian Mendez Zhenyuan Song Swati
Joshi-Barve Shirish Barve Craig McClain (2007) Nonalcoholic fatty liver
disease predisposing factors and the role of nutrition Journal of Nutritional
Biochemistry 18 184ndash 195
Mavrelis PG Ammon HV Gleysteen JJ Komorowski RA and
Charaf UK (1983) Hepatic free fatty acids in alcoholic liver disease and
morbid obesity Hepatology 3 226ndash231
Mayes AP (1993) Structure and function of the lipid soluble vitamins In
Murray KR Graner KD Mayes AP and Rodwell WV Harperlsquos
Biochemistry Chap 53 Prentice-Hall International Inc 23rd
edition 588-
590
Mazur A Bayle D Lab C Rock E and Rayssiguier Y (1999)
Inhibitory effect of procyanidin-rich extracts on LDL oxidation in vitro
Atherosclerosis 145 421ndash422
McCay PB (1985) Vitamin E Interactions with free radicals and
ascorbate Ann Rev Nutr 5 323-340
McCullough AJ (2004) The clinical features diagnosis and natural history
of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Clinics in Liver Disease 8 521ndash533
McDougall GJ Dobson P Smith P Blake A and Stewart D (2005)
Assessing potential bioavallability of raspberry anthocyanins using an in
vitro digestion system Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53(15)
5896minus5904
Mehta B K Sharma U Pandit V Agrawal S Joshi N and Gupta M
(2008) Med Chem Res 17 462ndash473
Meng EC Shoichet BK and Kuntz ID (2004) Automated docking
with grid-based energy evaluation Journal of Computational Chemistry 13
(4) 505ndash524 doi101002jcc540130412
Merchant JR Bakshi VM and Engineer AB (1979) Chemical
investigation of fruits of Ficus glomerata Roxb Indian J Chem 17B 87ndash88
Mervat MM and Taie HAA (2009) Antioxidant activities total
anthocyanins phenolics and flavonoids contents of some sweet potato
genotypes under stress of different concentrations of sucrose and sorbito
Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 3(4) 3609-3616
Meydani M (2000) Vitamin E and prevention of heart disease in high-risk
patients Nutr Rev 58 278-281
Meyer SA and Kulkarni AP (2001) Hepatotoxicity in Introduction to
biochemical toxicology 3rd
Edition edited by E Hodgson and R C Smart (A
John Wiley amp Sons Inc New York) 487
Mezzetti A Di Ilio C Calafiore AM Aceto A Marzio L Frederici G
and Cuccurullo F (1990) Glutathione peroxidase glutathione reductase and
glutathione transferase activities in the human artery vein and heart J Mol
Cell Cardiol 22 935-938
Michael Metz (2005) Liver function tests IMVS News letter 57
Michalak A (2006) Phenolic compounds and their antioxidant activity in
plants growing under heavy metal stress Polish J Environ Studies 15(4)
523-530
Milagro FI Campioacuten J and Martiacutenez JA (2006) Weight gain induced
by high-fat feeding involves increased liver oxidative stress Obesity (Silver
Spring) 14 1118ndash1123
Miliauskas G Venskutonis PR and Van Beek TA (2004) Screening of
radical scavenging activity of some medicinal and aromatic plant extracts
Food Chemistry 85 231ndash237
Ming M Guanhua L Zhanhai Y Guang C and Xuan Z (2009) Effect
of the Lycium barbarum polysaccharides administration on blood lipid
metabolism and oxidative stress of mice fed high-fat diet in vivo Food
Chemistry 113 872ndash877
Misra A Khurana L Vikram NK Goel A and Wasir JS (2007)
Metabolic syndrome in children current issues and South Asian perspective
Nutrition 23(11ndash12)895ndash910
Misra A Misra R Wijesuriya M and Banerjee D (2007) The metabolic
syndrome in south Asians continuing escalation amp possible solutions Indian
J Med Res 125(3)345ndash54
Misra A Vikram NK (2004) Insulin resistance syndrome (metabolic
syndrome) and obesity in Asian Indians Evidence and implications
Nutrition 20482ndash491
Mithra SK Seshadri SJ Venkataranganna MV Gopumadhavan S
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formulation in galactosamine induced hepatopathy in rats Indian J Physiol
Pharmacol 44 82-86
Modi KP Patel NM and Goyal R K (2008) Estimation of L-topaf from
Mucuna pruriens Linn And formation containing Mpruriens by HPTLC
method Chem Pharma Bull 56(3) 357
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mushroom against rat liver oxidative damage and fibrosis induced by CCL4
International Journal of Biotechnology amp Biochemistry 303-323
Mohan V (2004) Why are Indians more prone to diabetes J Assoc Phys
India 52468ndash474
Mohan V and Deepa R (2006) Adipocytokines and The expanding Asian
Indian Phenotype J Assoc Physic Ind 54 685-6
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Moon YJ Wang X Morris and ME (2006) Toxicol In Vitro 20 187
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Morris GM Goodsell DS Halliday RS Huey R Hart WE Belew
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mortality in middle aged Finnishmen The Kuopio Ischaemic heart disease
risk factor study Br J Nutr 100 (4) 890ndash895
Musso G Gambino R and Cassader M (2009) Recent insights into
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Progress in Lipid Research 48 1e26
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steatohepatitis Hepatology 37 909ndash16
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Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 11 63-69
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Ogino T (2009) Beneficial effects of fermented green tea extract in a rat
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Nanji AA (2004b) Another animal model for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
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Nutrition 79(3) 350ndash351
Nanji AA (2004a) Animal models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and
steatohepatitis Clinics in Liver Disease 8 (3) 559ndash574 (ix)
Neuhouser ML (2004) Flavonoids and cancer risk evidence from human
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Neuschwander-Tetri BA and Caldwell SH (2003) Nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis summary of an AASLD single topic conference Hepatology
371202ndash19
Newman DJ Cragg GM and Snader KM (2000) The influence of
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Rheediinosides A and B two antiproliferative and antioxidant triterpene
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(Fam Verbanaceae) extrct in animals Afr J Biotecnol 8(9) 1793-1799
Ogbonnia S Adekunle AA Bosa MK and Enwuru VN (2008)
Evaluation of acute and subacute toxicity of Alstnia congensis Engler
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Oguzhan B Sancho V Acitores A Villanueva-Penacarrillo ML
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Entada saponin-III a saponin isolated from the bark of Entada phaseoloides
Phytochemistry 26 2789ndash2796
Okada Y Shibata S Javellana AMJ and Kamo O (1988) Entada
saponins (ES) II and IV from the bark of Entada phaseoloides Chemical and
Pharmaceutical Bulletin 36 1264ndash1269
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Oteiza PI Erlejman AG Verstraeten SV Keen CL and Fraga CG
(2005) Flavonoidndashmembrane interaction a protective role of flavonoids at
the membrane surface Clin Dev Immunol 12 (1) 19ndash25
Owen R W Giacosa A Hull W E Haubner R Spiegelhalder B and
Bartsh H (2000) The antioxidantanticancer potential of phenolic
compounds isolated from olive oil European Journal of Cancer 36 1235ndash
1247
Oyaizu M (1986) Studies on product of browning reaction prepared from
glucose amine Japanese Journal of Nutrition 44307-315
Ozcan U Cao Q Yilmaz E Lee AH Iwakoshi NN and Ozdelen E
(2004) Endoplasmic reticulum stress links obesity insulin action and type 2
diabetes Science 306457ndash61
Ozturk-Urek R Bozkaya LA and Tarhan L (2001) The effects of some
antioxidant vitamins and trace elements supplemented diets on activities of
SOD CAT GSH-Px and LPO levels in chicken tissues Cell Biochemistry
and Function 19 125ndash132
Pacheco-Alvarez D Solorzano-Vargas RS and Leon-Del-Rio A (2002)
Biotin in metabolism and its relationship tohuman disease Arch Med Res
33 439ndash447
Pacher P Beckman JS and Liaudet L (1997) (Nitric oxide and
peroxynitrite in health and disease Physiol Rev 87 (1) 315ndash424
Pacher P Beckman JS and Liaudet L (2007) Nitric oxide and
peroxynitrite In health and disease Physiological Reviews 87(1) 315ndash424
Paetau I Khachik F Brown ED Beecher GR Kramer TR and
Chittams J (1998a) Bioavailability of tomato carotenoids from lycopene-
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Pan HZ Zhang H Chang D Li H and Sui H (2008) The change of
oxidative stress products in diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy Br J
Ophthalmol 92 548ndash51
Paradis V Perlemuter G Bonvoust F Dargere D Parfait B and
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tissue growth factor expression a potential mechanism involved in
progression to fibrosis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Hepatology 34738ndash
44
Paranjpe P (2001) Indian Medicinal Plants Forgotten Healers A Guide to
Ayurvedic Herbal Medicine Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratisthan Delhi p316
Park CH Yamabe N Noh JS Kang KS Tanaka T Yokozawa T
(2009b) The beneficial effects of morroniside on the inflammatory response
and lipid metabolism in the liver of dbdb mice Biol Pharm Bull 32 1734ndash
1740
Parrotta JA (2006) Healing Plants of Peninsular India CABI Publishing
523ndash524
Patchett AA and Nargund RP (2000) Annu Rep Med Chem 35
289e298
Pauly Nicolas Pucciariello C Mandon K Innocenti G Jamet A
Baudouin E Herouart D Frendo P and Puppo A (2006) Reactive
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Peach and Tracey MV (1955) In modern methods of plant analyse 4
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Perez C Canal JR and Torres MD (2003) Experimental diabetes treated
with Ficus carica extract effect on oxidative stress parameters Acta
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Perez-Amador MC Ocotero VM Castaneda JMG and Esquinca
ARG (2007) Alkaloids in Solanum torvum Sw (Solanaceae) International
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Perry G Cash AD Srinivas R and Smith MA (2002) Metals and
oxidative homeostasis in Alzheimerlsquos disease Drug Development and
Research 56 293ndash299
Pietta PG (2000) Flavonoids and antioxidants J Nat Prod 63 1035-
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Pignatelli P Pulcinelli FM and Lenti L (1998) Hydrogen Peroxide Is
Involved in Collagen-Induced Platelet Activation Blood 91 (2) 484-490
Pirola L Johnston AM Van Obberghen E (2004) Modulation of insulin
action Diabetologia 47170ndash84
Pitchersky E and Gang DR (2000) Genetics and biochemistry of
secondary metabolites in plants An evolutionary perspective Trends Plant
Sci 5 445-459
Pompella A Visvikis A and Paolicchi A (2003) The changing faces of
glutathione a cellular protagonist [J] Biochem Pharmacl 66(8) 1499-1503
Prasad K (2010) Effects of vitamin E on serum enzymes and electrolytes in
hypercholesterolemia Molecular Cellular Biochemistry 335 67ndash74
Prasamthi Muralidhara K and Rajini PS (2005) Fenvalerate-induced
oxidative damage in rat tissues and its attenuation by dietary sesame oil
Food Chem Toxicol 43 299ndash306
Pryor WA (1993) Measurement of oxidative stress status in humans
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2 289-292
Puppo A (1992) Effect of flavonoids on hydroxyl radical formation by
Fenton-type reactions influence of the iron chelator Phytochemistry 31
85ndash88
Rachna A and Abdelhaq R (2003) Redistribution of glucose-6-phosphate
dehydrogenase in response to cerebral ischemia in rat brain Indian J Clin
Biochem 18 64-70
Rahman NN Khan M and Hasan R (1994) Bioactive components from
Ficus glomerata Pure and Applied Chemistry 66 2287ndash2290
Rajesh MG and Latha MS (2004) Preliminary evaluation of the
antihepatotoxic activity of Kamilari a polyherbal formulation J
Ethanopharmacology 91 99-104
Rajkapoor B Anandan R and Jayakar B (2002) Anti-ulcer effect of
Nigella sativa Linn against gastric ulcers in rats Curr Sci 82 177ndash179
Ramadan MF (2007) Nutritional value functional properties and
nutraceutical applications of black cumin (Nigella sativa L) an overview
International Journal of Food Science and Technology 42 1208ndash1218
Ramadan MF and Moumlrsel JT (2004) Oxidative stability of black cumin
(Nigella sativa L) coriander (Coriandrum sativum L) and niger (Guizotia
abyssinica Cass) crude seed oils upon stripping Eur J Lipid Sci Technol
106 35ndash43
Randhawa MA and Al-Ghamdi MS (2002) A review of the
pharmacotherapeutic effects of Nigella sativa Pakistan Journal of Medical
Research 41 77ndash83
Rao BR Murugresan T Sinha S Saha BP Pal M and Mandal SC
(2002) Glucose lowering efficacy of Ficus racemosa barks extract in normal
and alloxan diabetic rats Phytotherapy Research 16 590ndash592
Rao CV Arti R Verma M Vijayakumar S Rastogi (2008)
Gastroprotective effect of standardized extract of Ficus glomerata fruit on
experimental gastric ulcers in rats Journal of Ethnopharmacology 115
323ndash326
Rao KS (2009) Free radical induced oxidative damage to DNA relation to
brain aging and neurological disorders Indian J Biochem Biophys 46 9ndash15
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
Evans C (1999) Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231ndash1237
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
Evans C (1999) Antioxidant activity applying in an improved radical cation
decolorisation assay Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231-1237
Recknagel RO Glende EA JR Waller RL and Loery K (1982) Lipid
peroxidation ndashBiochemistry measurement and signified in liver cell injury in
toxicology in the liver edited by G L Plea and W R Hewilt (Raven press
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Reddy AR Chiatanya KV and vivekanandan M (2004) Draught
induced response of photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism in higher
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Reddy K P Subhani S M Khan P A and Kumar (1995) Effect of light
and benzyl adenine and dark- treated graving rice (Oryza sativa) leaves II
Changes in peroxidases activity Plant Cell Physiol 26 987- 994
Reid AE (2001) Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Gasteroenterology 121
710-723
Reitman S Frankel S (1957) Amer JClin Path 2856
Rennberg H (1987) Aspects of glutathione function and metabolism in
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York Plenum Press 279-292
Rice EW (1970) Triglycerides in serum In Roderick P MacDc aid CH
(eds) Standard methods of clinical chemistry 6th
ed New York Academic
press 6 215-222
Rice-Evans CA Miller NJ and Paganga G (1996) Structurendashantioxidant
activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids J Free Radic Biol
Med 20 933ndash956
Richter C (1987) Biophysical consequences of lipid peroxidation in
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Rinella ME Elias MS Smolak RR Fu T Borensztajn J and Green
RM (2008) Mechanisms of hepatic steatosis in mice fed a lipogenic
methionine choline-deficient diet J Lipid Res 491068ndash76
Rizvi MMA Irshad M Hassadi GE and Younis SB (2009) Bio
efficacies of Cassia fistula An Indian labrum African Journal of Pharmacy
and Pharmacology 3(6) 287-292
Robak J Gryglewski RJ (1988) Flavonoids are scavengers of superoxide
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Robak J Maran and Kiewicz R (1995) Scavenging of reactive oxygen
species as the mechanism of drug action Polish J of Pharmacol 47 89-98
Robert M (2006) Mineral surfaces and the prebiotic selection and
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Roberts CK Barnard RJ Sindhu RK Jurczak M Ehdaie A and
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and antioxidant enzymes in diet-induced metabolic syndrome Metabolism
55 928ndash934
Robertson G Leclercq I and Farrell GC (2001) Nonalcoholic steatosis
and steatohepatitis II Cytochrome P-450 enzymes and oxidative stress
American Journal of Physiology Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 281
(5) G1135ndashG1139
Roe J H and Keuther C A (1943) The determination of ascorbic acid in
whole blood and urine through 2 4-dinitro phenyl hydrazine derivative of
dehydro ascorbic acid J Biol Chem 147 399- 407
Rohrdanz E Schmuck G Ohler S and Kahl R (2001) The influence of
oxidative stress on catalase and MnSOD gene transcription in astrocytes
Brain Res 900 128-136
Rojas C Cadenas S Lopez-Torres M Perez-Campo R and Barja G
(1996) Increase in heart glutathione redox and total antioxidant capacity and
dcrease in lipid peroxidation after vitamin E dietary supplementation in
guinea pigs Free Radic Biol Med 21 907-15
Romeo S Sentinelli F Dash S Yeo GS Savage DB Leonetti F
Capoccia D Incani M Maglio C Iacovino M OlsquoRahilly S and Baroni
MG (2010) Int J Obes (Lond) 34 190ndash194
Romero AM Mirtha MD Sturia MA and Judis MA (2004)
Antioxidant properties of polyphenol-containing extract from soybean
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antioxidant activities of various solvent extracts of Carissa opaca fruits
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Antioxidative properties of xanthan on the autoxidation of soybean oil in
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Antioxidant effect of aqueous extract of the bark of Ficus bengalensis in
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Phytochemical and antioxidant characterization of Hypericum perforatum
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Rev Mol Cell Biol 9 162ndash176
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Yang H Roberts LJ Jian Shi M Chun Zhou Li Ballard BR
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Yang JS Lee SJ Park HW and Cha YS (2006) Effect of genistein
with carnitine administration on lipid parameters and obesity in C57Bl6J
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Yang S Zhu H Li Y Lin H Gabrielson K Trush MA and Diehl
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mechanism of oxidative injury Free Radic Biol Med 39(10) 1385ndash1398
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Yu L Haley S Perret J Harris M Wilson J and Qian M (2002) Free
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Yun SN Moon SJ Ko SK Im BO and Chung SH (2004) Wild
ginseng prevents the onset of high-fat diet induced hyperglycemia and
obesity in ICR mice Arch Pham Res 27 790ndash6
Zak B (1954) Cholesterol Methodologies A review Clin Chem 23 1201
Zhai S Dai R Friedman FK and Vestal RE (1998) Drug Metab
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Zhang HM Chen SW Zhang LS and Feng XF (2008) The effects of
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Zhao B (2009) Natural antioxidants protect neurons in Alzheimerlsquos disease
and Parkinsonlsquos disease Neurochem Res 34 630ndash8
Zheng S Hoos L Cook J Tetzloff G Harry DJ and Van Heek M
(2008) Ezetimibe improves high fat and cholesterol diet-induced non-
alcoholic fatty liver disease Vascular Health and Risk Management 4 235ndash
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Zhu X Zhang W Pang X Wang J Zhao J and Qu W (2011)
Hypolipidaemic effect of n-butanol extract from Asparagus officinalis L in
mice fed a high-fat diet Phytotherapy Research 31 doi101002ptr3380
Zimmerman H J and Seeff L B (1970) Enzymes in hepatic disease In E
L Goodly (Ed) Diagnostic Enzymology (pp 1ndash38) Philadelphia USA
Lea amp Febiger
Zimmet P Shaw J and Alberti KG (2003) Preventing Type 2 Diabetes
and the Dysmetabolic Syndrome in the Real World a Realistic View Diabet
Med 20 693-702
Kiyici M Gulten M Gurel S Nak SG Dolar E and Savci G (2003)
Ursodeoxycholic acid and atorvastin in the treatment of non-alcoholic
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expression in Drosophilla melanogastr during development and aging
Archives of Insect Biochemisry and Physiology 56 34-50
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system Ann Clin Lab Sci 30 145-158
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Rev Biochem 58 195ndash221
Koek GH et al Clinica Chimica Acta xxx (2011) xxxndashxxx Koek GH et
al The role of oxidative stress in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Clin Chim
Acta (2011) doi101016jcca201104013
Koumlksal E Guumllccedilin İ Ozturk Sarıkaya S B and Bursal E (2009) In vitro
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Inhibition of LDL oxidation by cocoa Lancet 348 1514
Koneacute WM Atindehou KK Terreaux C Hostettmann K Traoreacute D
and Dosso M (2004) Traditional medicine in North Cocircte-DlsquoIvoire
Screening of 50 medicinal plants for antibacterial activity Journal of
Ethnopharmacology 93 43ndash49
Koppe SW Elias M Moseley RH and Green RM (2009) Trans fat
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Koruk M Savascedil MC Yilmaz O Tayscedil iS Karakok M Guumlndolsquogdu C
and Yilmaz A (2003) Serum lipids lipoproteins and apolipoproteins levels
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Krishnamoorthy V Divianathan S Subramanian B and Shanmugam M
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Meriones shawi obegravese et diabeacutetique Espeacuterance Meacutedicale 47 72ndash74
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Lansky EP Helena M Paavilainena Alison D Pawlus B Robert A
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Le K Chiu F and Ng K (2007) Identification and quantification of
antioxidants in Fructus lycii Food Chemistry 105 353ndash363
Le PM Benhaddou-Andaloussi A Elimadi A Settaf A Cherrah Y
and Haddad P (2004) The petroleum ether extract of Nigella sativa exerts
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Ethnopharmacology 94 251ndash259
Leclercq I Field J Erriquez A Farrell GC (2007) Robertson G
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Leclercq IA (2007) Pathogenesis of steatohepatitis insights from the study
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Lee GS Yan JS Ng RK Kakar S and Maher JJ (2007)
Polyunsaturated fat in the methionine-choline-deficient diet influences
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Lee JK N and Min DB (2004) Reactive Oxygen Species Aging and
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Lee KS Buck M Houglum K and Chojkier M (1995) Activation of
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Dietary carvacrol lowers body weight gain but improves feed conversion in
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Lee SE Hwang HJ and HA JS (2003) Screening of medicinal plant
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Lenhard JM (2007) Gottschalk WK (2002) Preclinical developmentsin
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Li H Wang QJ Zhu DN and Yang Y (2008) Reinioside C a
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Lieber CS Leo MA Mak KM Xu Y Cao Q Ren C
Ponomarenko A and DeCarli LM (2004) Model of nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 79(3) 502ndash509
Lin J Yang R Tarr PT Wu PH Handschin C and Li S (2005)
Hyperlipidemic effects of dietary saturated fats mediated through PGC-1β
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Lindor KD Dickson ER Baldus WP Jorgensen RA Ludwig J
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Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Instructorlsquos Resource Parthlsquos
Pathophysiology Concepts of Altered Health States Seventh edition 2008
Liu C H Hung M T and Huang P C (1995) Source of triacylglycerol
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Liu F and Ng TB (2000) Antioxidative and free radical scavenging
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Liu F Ooi VEC and Chang S T (1997) Free radical scavenging
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Liu L and Meydani M (2002) Combined vitamin C and E
supplementation retards early progression of arteriosclerosis in heart
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Lizardi-Cervera J and Aquilar-Zapata D (2009) Nonalcoholic fatty liver
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Lopez-Avila V L and A and Yefchak G (2009) Use of GC-QTOF MS to
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Lopez-Garcia E Schulze MB Meigs JB Manson JE Rifai N and
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Louchami K Zhang Y Oguzhan B Delporte C Portois L and
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Ludwig J Viggiano TR McGill DB and Ott BJ (1980) Non-alcoholic
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Lyon CJ Law RE and Hsueh WA (2003) Minireview adiposity
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Mabrouk GM Moselhy SS Zohny SF Ali EM Helal TE Amin
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Mahmoud MR El-Abhar HS and Saleh S (2002) The effect of Nigella
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Makino I Shinozaki K Yoshino K and Nakagawa S (1975)
Dissolution of cholesterol gallstones by long-term administration of
ursodeoxycholic acid Nippon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi 72 690ndash702
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Mallikharjuna PB Rajanna LN Seetharam YN and Sharanabasappa
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Medicinal Plant 4(4) 510-518
Manco M Calvani M and Mingrone G (2004) Effects of dietary fatty
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6 402ndash413
Manian R Anusuya N Siddhuraju P and Manian S (2008) The
antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging potential of two different
solvent extracts of Camellia sinensis (L) O Kuntz Ficus bengalensis L and
Ficus racemosa L Food Chemistry 107 1000ndash1007
Marchand LL Murphy SP Hankin JH Wilkens LR Kolonel LN
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Marchesini G Bugianesi E Forlani G Cerrelli F Lenzi M Manini
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(2003) Nonalcoholic fatty liver steatohepatitis and the metabolic syndrome
Hepatology 37 917ndash 923
Mari M Caballero F Colell A Morales A Caballeria J Fernandez
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Mitochondrial free cholesterol loading sensitizes to TNF and Fas-meidated
steatohepatitis Cell Metabolism 4 185ndash198
Marimuthu P Wu CL Chang HT and Chang ST (2008) Antioxidant
activity of the ethanolic extract from the bark of Chamaecyparis obtuse var
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Mariod AA Ibrahim RM Ismail M and Ismail N (2009) Antioxidant
activity and phenolic content of phenolic rich fractions obtained from black
cumin (Nigella sativa) seedcake Food Chemistry 116 306ndash312
Maron DJ (2004) Flavonoids for reduction of atherosclerotic risk Curr
Atheroscler Rep 6 73-78
Marra F Gastaldelli A Svegliati Baroni G Tell G and Tiribelli C
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Mates JM Perez-Gomez C and Decastro IN (1999) Clin Chem 32
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Matsuzawa N Takamura T Kurita S Misu H Ota T Ando H
Yokoyama M Honda M Zen Y Nakanuma Y Miyamoto K and
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Matsuzawa Y Shimomura I Nakamura T Keno Y Kotani K and
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Matteoni C Younossi Z Gramlich T Boparai N and Liu Y (1999)
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Matthaei S StumvollM Kellerer M and Haring (2000) Endocr H-U
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Matthew Ricci (2008) NAFLD (Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease) A
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Matthew Cave Ion Deaciuc Christian Mendez Zhenyuan Song Swati
Joshi-Barve Shirish Barve Craig McClain (2007) Nonalcoholic fatty liver
disease predisposing factors and the role of nutrition Journal of Nutritional
Biochemistry 18 184ndash 195
Mavrelis PG Ammon HV Gleysteen JJ Komorowski RA and
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morbid obesity Hepatology 3 226ndash231
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edition 588-
590
Mazur A Bayle D Lab C Rock E and Rayssiguier Y (1999)
Inhibitory effect of procyanidin-rich extracts on LDL oxidation in vitro
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McCay PB (1985) Vitamin E Interactions with free radicals and
ascorbate Ann Rev Nutr 5 323-340
McCullough AJ (2004) The clinical features diagnosis and natural history
of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Clinics in Liver Disease 8 521ndash533
McDougall GJ Dobson P Smith P Blake A and Stewart D (2005)
Assessing potential bioavallability of raspberry anthocyanins using an in
vitro digestion system Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53(15)
5896minus5904
Mehta B K Sharma U Pandit V Agrawal S Joshi N and Gupta M
(2008) Med Chem Res 17 462ndash473
Meng EC Shoichet BK and Kuntz ID (2004) Automated docking
with grid-based energy evaluation Journal of Computational Chemistry 13
(4) 505ndash524 doi101002jcc540130412
Merchant JR Bakshi VM and Engineer AB (1979) Chemical
investigation of fruits of Ficus glomerata Roxb Indian J Chem 17B 87ndash88
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Meydani M (2000) Vitamin E and prevention of heart disease in high-risk
patients Nutr Rev 58 278-281
Meyer SA and Kulkarni AP (2001) Hepatotoxicity in Introduction to
biochemical toxicology 3rd
Edition edited by E Hodgson and R C Smart (A
John Wiley amp Sons Inc New York) 487
Mezzetti A Di Ilio C Calafiore AM Aceto A Marzio L Frederici G
and Cuccurullo F (1990) Glutathione peroxidase glutathione reductase and
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Michael Metz (2005) Liver function tests IMVS News letter 57
Michalak A (2006) Phenolic compounds and their antioxidant activity in
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523-530
Milagro FI Campioacuten J and Martiacutenez JA (2006) Weight gain induced
by high-fat feeding involves increased liver oxidative stress Obesity (Silver
Spring) 14 1118ndash1123
Miliauskas G Venskutonis PR and Van Beek TA (2004) Screening of
radical scavenging activity of some medicinal and aromatic plant extracts
Food Chemistry 85 231ndash237
Ming M Guanhua L Zhanhai Y Guang C and Xuan Z (2009) Effect
of the Lycium barbarum polysaccharides administration on blood lipid
metabolism and oxidative stress of mice fed high-fat diet in vivo Food
Chemistry 113 872ndash877
Misra A Khurana L Vikram NK Goel A and Wasir JS (2007)
Metabolic syndrome in children current issues and South Asian perspective
Nutrition 23(11ndash12)895ndash910
Misra A Misra R Wijesuriya M and Banerjee D (2007) The metabolic
syndrome in south Asians continuing escalation amp possible solutions Indian
J Med Res 125(3)345ndash54
Misra A Vikram NK (2004) Insulin resistance syndrome (metabolic
syndrome) and obesity in Asian Indians Evidence and implications
Nutrition 20482ndash491
Mithra SK Seshadri SJ Venkataranganna MV Gopumadhavan S
Udupa UV and Sarma DNK (2000) Effect of HD-03-a herbal
formulation in galactosamine induced hepatopathy in rats Indian J Physiol
Pharmacol 44 82-86
Modi KP Patel NM and Goyal R K (2008) Estimation of L-topaf from
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Mohamed and Azza M (2008) The ameliorative actions of Agaricus blazei
mushroom against rat liver oxidative damage and fibrosis induced by CCL4
International Journal of Biotechnology amp Biochemistry 303-323
Mohan V (2004) Why are Indians more prone to diabetes J Assoc Phys
India 52468ndash474
Mohan V and Deepa R (2006) Adipocytokines and The expanding Asian
Indian Phenotype J Assoc Physic Ind 54 685-6
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Moon YJ Wang X Morris and ME (2006) Toxicol In Vitro 20 187
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Morris GM Goodsell DS Halliday RS Huey R Hart WE Belew
RK and Olson AJ (1998) Automated docking using a Lamarkian genetic
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antibiotics as a mechanism of pathogenesis Microbiological and Molecular
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Moss DW and Butterorth PJ (1974) Enzymology and Medicine London
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Mursu J Voutilainen S Nurmi T Tuomainen TP Kurl S and Salonen
JT (2008) Flavonoid intake and the risk of ischaemic stroke and CVD
mortality in middle aged Finnishmen The Kuopio Ischaemic heart disease
risk factor study Br J Nutr 100 (4) 890ndash895
Musso G Gambino R and Cassader M (2009) Recent insights into
hepatic lipid metabolism in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
Progress in Lipid Research 48 1e26
Musso G Gambino R and De Michieli F (2003) Dietary habits and their
relations to insulin resistance and postprandial lipemia in nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis Hepatology 37 909ndash16
Mythilypriya R Shanthi P and Sachdanandam P (2007) Oral acute and
subacute toxicity studies with Kalpaamruthaa a modified indigenous
preparation on rats J Health Sci 53(4) 351-358
Nadakarni KM (1976) Corcus sativus Nigella sativa In Nadkarni KM
(Ed) Indian Materia Medica Popular Prakashan Bombay India pp 386ndash
411
Naganna B (1989) Plasma proteins In Textbook of Biochemistry and
Human Biology Talwar GP Srivastava LM and Moudgil K D Prentice-
Hall of India Private Ltd New-Delhi 2nd
edn 59-61
Nair HK Rao KV Aalinkeel R Mahajan S Chawda R and Schwartz
SA (2004) Inhibition of prostate cancer cell colony formation by the
flavonoid quercetin correlates with modulation of specific regulatory genes
Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 11 63-69
Nakamoto K Takayama F Mankura M Hidaka Y Egashira T and
Ogino T (2009) Beneficial effects of fermented green tea extract in a rat
model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis J Clin Biochem Nutr 44 239ndash46
Nanji AA (2004b) Another animal model for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
how close to the human condition The American Journal of Clinical
Nutrition 79(3) 350ndash351
Nanji AA (2004a) Animal models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and
steatohepatitis Clinics in Liver Disease 8 (3) 559ndash574 (ix)
Neuhouser ML (2004) Flavonoids and cancer risk evidence from human
population studies Nutr Cancer 50 1-7
Neuschwander-Tetri BA and Caldwell SH (2003) Nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis summary of an AASLD single topic conference Hepatology
371202ndash19
Newman DJ Cragg GM and Snader KM (2000) The influence of
natural products upon drug discovery Nat Prod Rep 17 175-285
Nickavar B Mojab F Javidnia K and Amoli M AR (2003) Chemical
composition of the fixed and volatile oils of Nigella Sativa L Zeitschrift for
Naturforschung 629-631
Nield and Pearson Burtis CA and Ashwood A (1963) In Text Book of
Clinical Chemistry Chap27 Oxford Press New York 1280-1282
Ninomiya M Shimada M and Harada N (2004) The hydroxyl radical
scavenger MCI-186 protects the liver from experimental cold ischaemia-
reperfusion injury Br J Surg 91(2) 184-190
Noctor G and Foyer CH (1998) Ascorbate and Glutathione Keeping
active oxygen under control Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant
Molecular Biology 49 249-279
Noguchi N Damiani E Greci L and Niki E (1999) Action of quinolinic
and indolinonic aminoxyls as radical-scavenging antioxidants Chem Phys
Lipids 99 11-19
Nsimba R Kikuzaki H and Konishi Y (2008) Antioxidant activity of
various extracts and fractions of Chenopodium quinoa and Amaranthus spp
Seeds Food Chem 106 760-766
Nzowa LK Barboni L Teponno RB Ricciutelli M Lupidi G Luana
Quassinti L Massimo Bramucci M and Tapondjou LA (2010)
Rheediinosides A and B two antiproliferative and antioxidant triterpene
saponins from Entada rheedii Phytochemistry 71 254ndash261
OConnell OF Ryan L and OBrien NM (2007) Xanthophyll
carotenoids are more bioaccessible from fruits than dark green vegetables
Nutrition Research 27(5) 258minus264
Ogbonnia OS Nkemehule EF and Anyika NE (2009) Evaluation of
acute and subchronic toxicity of Stachytarpheta angustifola (Mill) Vahl
(Fam Verbanaceae) extrct in animals Afr J Biotecnol 8(9) 1793-1799
Ogbonnia S Adekunle AA Bosa MK and Enwuru VN (2008)
Evaluation of acute and subacute toxicity of Alstnia congensis Engler
(Apocynaceae) bark and Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal)A Rich (Annonaceae)
fruits mixtures used in the treatment of diabtes AfrJBiotechnol 7(6) 701-
705
Oguzhan B Sancho V Acitores A Villanueva-Penacarrillo ML
Portois L and Chardigny JM (2006) Alteration of adipocyte metabolism
in omega3 fatty acid-depleted rats Horm Metab Res 38 789-798
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Okada Y Shibata S Javellana AMJ and Kamo O (1988) Entada
saponins (ES) II and IV from the bark of Entada phaseoloides Chemical and
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Olszewska M (2007) Quantitative HPLC analysis of flavonoids and
chlorogenic acid in the leaves and inflorescences of Prunus serotina Ehrh
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convenient substrate for determination and study of L-and D-glutamyl trans
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Oteiza PI Erlejman AG Verstraeten SV Keen CL and Fraga CG
(2005) Flavonoidndashmembrane interaction a protective role of flavonoids at
the membrane surface Clin Dev Immunol 12 (1) 19ndash25
Owen R W Giacosa A Hull W E Haubner R Spiegelhalder B and
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compounds isolated from olive oil European Journal of Cancer 36 1235ndash
1247
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diabetes Science 306457ndash61
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antioxidant vitamins and trace elements supplemented diets on activities of
SOD CAT GSH-Px and LPO levels in chicken tissues Cell Biochemistry
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peroxynitrite in health and disease Physiol Rev 87 (1) 315ndash424
Pacher P Beckman JS and Liaudet L (2007) Nitric oxide and
peroxynitrite In health and disease Physiological Reviews 87(1) 315ndash424
Paetau I Khachik F Brown ED Beecher GR Kramer TR and
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Pan HZ Zhang H Chang D Li H and Sui H (2008) The change of
oxidative stress products in diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy Br J
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44
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Ayurvedic Herbal Medicine Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratisthan Delhi p316
Park CH Yamabe N Noh JS Kang KS Tanaka T Yokozawa T
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1740
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Perez C Canal JR and Torres MD (2003) Experimental diabetes treated
with Ficus carica extract effect on oxidative stress parameters Acta
Diabetologica 40 3ndash8
Perez-Amador MC Ocotero VM Castaneda JMG and Esquinca
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Perry G Cash AD Srinivas R and Smith MA (2002) Metals and
oxidative homeostasis in Alzheimerlsquos disease Drug Development and
Research 56 293ndash299
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1042
Pignatelli P Pulcinelli FM and Lenti L (1998) Hydrogen Peroxide Is
Involved in Collagen-Induced Platelet Activation Blood 91 (2) 484-490
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action Diabetologia 47170ndash84
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Sci 5 445-459
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glutathione a cellular protagonist [J] Biochem Pharmacl 66(8) 1499-1503
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hypercholesterolemia Molecular Cellular Biochemistry 335 67ndash74
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oxidative damage in rat tissues and its attenuation by dietary sesame oil
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Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2 289-292
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Rahman NN Khan M and Hasan R (1994) Bioactive components from
Ficus glomerata Pure and Applied Chemistry 66 2287ndash2290
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antihepatotoxic activity of Kamilari a polyherbal formulation J
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Rajkapoor B Anandan R and Jayakar B (2002) Anti-ulcer effect of
Nigella sativa Linn against gastric ulcers in rats Curr Sci 82 177ndash179
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nutraceutical applications of black cumin (Nigella sativa L) an overview
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(Nigella sativa L) coriander (Coriandrum sativum L) and niger (Guizotia
abyssinica Cass) crude seed oils upon stripping Eur J Lipid Sci Technol
106 35ndash43
Randhawa MA and Al-Ghamdi MS (2002) A review of the
pharmacotherapeutic effects of Nigella sativa Pakistan Journal of Medical
Research 41 77ndash83
Rao BR Murugresan T Sinha S Saha BP Pal M and Mandal SC
(2002) Glucose lowering efficacy of Ficus racemosa barks extract in normal
and alloxan diabetic rats Phytotherapy Research 16 590ndash592
Rao CV Arti R Verma M Vijayakumar S Rastogi (2008)
Gastroprotective effect of standardized extract of Ficus glomerata fruit on
experimental gastric ulcers in rats Journal of Ethnopharmacology 115
323ndash326
Rao KS (2009) Free radical induced oxidative damage to DNA relation to
brain aging and neurological disorders Indian J Biochem Biophys 46 9ndash15
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
Evans C (1999) Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231ndash1237
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
Evans C (1999) Antioxidant activity applying in an improved radical cation
decolorisation assay Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231-1237
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peroxidation ndashBiochemistry measurement and signified in liver cell injury in
toxicology in the liver edited by G L Plea and W R Hewilt (Raven press
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induced response of photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism in higher
plants J Plant Physiol 161(11) 1189-1202
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and benzyl adenine and dark- treated graving rice (Oryza sativa) leaves II
Changes in peroxidases activity Plant Cell Physiol 26 987- 994
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710-723
Reitman S Frankel S (1957) Amer JClin Path 2856
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York Plenum Press 279-292
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ed New York Academic
press 6 215-222
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activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids J Free Radic Biol
Med 20 933ndash956
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Rinella ME Elias MS Smolak RR Fu T Borensztajn J and Green
RM (2008) Mechanisms of hepatic steatosis in mice fed a lipogenic
methionine choline-deficient diet J Lipid Res 491068ndash76
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efficacies of Cassia fistula An Indian labrum African Journal of Pharmacy
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Roberts CK Barnard RJ Sindhu RK Jurczak M Ehdaie A and
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and antioxidant enzymes in diet-induced metabolic syndrome Metabolism
55 928ndash934
Robertson G Leclercq I and Farrell GC (2001) Nonalcoholic steatosis
and steatohepatitis II Cytochrome P-450 enzymes and oxidative stress
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Capoccia D Incani M Maglio C Iacovino M OlsquoRahilly S and Baroni
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Antioxidant properties of polyphenol-containing extract from soybean
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Rosenberg HR (1992) Chemistry and Physiology of the citamins Inter
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Carlos J Pirolab and Silvia Sookoiana (2009) Losartan reduces liver
expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in a high fat-induced
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Ryan L OConnell O OSullivan L Aherne SA and OBrien NM
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Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 63(3) 127minus133
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Sagi Y and Youdim MBH (2008) The neuroprotective effect of
ladostigil against hydrogen peroxide-mediated cytotoxicity Chem-Biol
Interact 175 318ndash26
Sahai A Malladi P Melin-Aldana H Green RM and Whitington PF
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antioxidant activities of various solvent extracts of Carissa opaca fruits
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Sairam K Rao ChV Babu MD Kumar V Agarwal VK and Goel
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Sanyal AJ (2002) GA technical review on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Gastroenterology 123 1705ndash1725
Sanyal AJ Campbell-Sargent C Mirshahi F Rizzo WB Contos MJ
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Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis association of insulin resistance and
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Scott MD Lubin BH Zuo L and Kuypers FA (1991) Erythrocyte
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Sharma SK and Gupta VK (2008) PHCOG MAGRearch article In vitro
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Sharma P and Dubey RSH (2005) Drought induces stress and enhances
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Antioxidative properties of xanthan on the autoxidation of soybean oil in
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Shimizu MH Araujo M Borges SM De Tolassa EM and Seguro
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Shukla R Gupta S Gambhir JK Prabhu KM and Murthy PS (2004)
Antioxidant effect of aqueous extract of the bark of Ficus bengalensis in
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Phytochemical and antioxidant characterization of Hypericum perforatum
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Singanan V Singana M and Begum H (2007) The hepatoprotective
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International J Science and Technology 2(2) 83-92
Singh M Govindarajan R Nath V Singh RAK and Mehrotra S
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Ethanopharamacology 107 67-72
Singh R Wang Y Schattenberg JM Xiang Y and Czaja MJ (2009)
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Singh SP Nayak S and Swain M (2004) Prevalence of non-alcoholic
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Sirisha N Sreenivasulu M Sangeeta K and Madhusudhana Chetty C
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Smirnoff N (2001) ―L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis Vitam Horm 61 241-
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Smirnoff N Cumbes QJ (1989) Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of
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Solga S Alkhuraishe AR and Clark JM (2004) Dietary composition
and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Dig Dis Sci 491578ndash83
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saponin of yam (Dioscorea spp) on high-cholesterol fed rats Bioscience
Biotechnology and Biochemistry 71 3063ndash3071
Song BJ Moon KH and Olsson NU (2008) Prevention of alcoholic
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Song Y Manson JE Buring JE Sesso HD and Liu S (2005) J Am
Coll Nutr 24 376e384
Sookoian S Castanlsquoo GO Burguenlsquoo AL Gianotti TF Risselli MS
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Spolarics Z and Meyenhofer M (2000) Augmented resistance to oxidative
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curcuminoids Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 49 105ndash107
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Stadlbauer V Fickert P Lackner C Schmerlaib J Krisper P Trauner
M and Stauber RE (2005) Hepatotoxicity of NONI juice Report of two
cases World J Gastroenterol 11 4758ndash4760
Stadtman ER and Levine RL (2003) Free radical-mediated oxidation of
free amino acids and amino acid residues in proteins Amino Acids 25 207-
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Stanner SA Hughes J Kelly CN and Buttriss JA (2004) Review of
the epidemiological evidence for the antioxidant hypotheses Public Health
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Stickel F and Schuppan D (2007) Herbal medicine in the treatment of
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Med Hypotheses 60 567-572
Stiehl A Walker S Stiehl L Rudolph G Hofmann WJ and
Theilmann L (1994) Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on liver and bile duct
disease in primary sclerosing cholangitis A 3-year pilot study with a
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Sudhahar V Kumar SA and Varalakshmi P (2006) Role of lupeol and
lupeol linoleate on lipemicndashoxidative stress in experimental
hypercholesterolemia Life Science 78 1329ndash1335
Sun Q Ma J Campos H Hankinson SE Manson JE and Stampfer
MJ (2007) A prospective study of trans fatty acids in erythrocytes and risk
of coronary heart disease Circulation 115 1858ndash1865
Sun WY Wei W Wu L Gui SY and Wang H (2007) Effects and
mechanisms of extract from Paeonia lactiflora and Astragalus
membranaceus on liver fibrosis induced by CCl4 in rats J
Ethanopharmacol 112 514-524
Suntress ZA and Sheck PN (1995) Prevention of lung injury by
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Suresh PS Kumar A Kumar R and Singh VP (2008) An in silico
[correction of insilico] approach to bioremediation laccase as a case study
J Mol Graph Model 26 (5) 845ndash9 doi101016jjmgm200705005
PMID 17606396
Swanr JC and Connor WE (1975) Hypercholesterolemia of total
starvation its mechanism via tissue mobilization of cholesterol
AmJPhysiol 229 365-369
Szczeklik A Gryglewski RJ Domagala B Dworski R and Basista M
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Szeto YT Tomlinson B and Benzie IF (2002) Total antioxidant and
ascorbic acid content of fresh fruits and vegetables Implications for dietary
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Taher A Ismaeel H and Cappellini MD (2006) Thalassemia intermedia
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Tapondjou AL Miyamoto T Mirjolet JF Guilbaud N and Lacaille-
Dubois MA (2005) Pursaethosides AndashE triterpene saponins from Entada
pursaetha Journal of Natural Products 68 1185ndash1190
Targher G Bertolini L Padovani R Poli F Scala L Zenari L
Zoppini G and Falezza G (2006) Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is
associated with carotid artery wall thickness in diet-controlled type 2 diabetic
patients J Endocrinol Invest 29 55ndash60
Taylor and Francis (2000) Toxicology of the Human Environment - the
critical role of free radicals London
Teli MR James OF Burt AD Bennett MK and Day CP (1995)
The natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver a follow-up study
Hepatology 22 1714ndash1719
Tetri LH Basaranoglu M Brunt EM Yerian LM and Neuschwander-
Tetri BA (2008) Severe NAFLD with hepatic necroinflammatory changes
in mice fed trans fats and a high-fructose corn syrup equivalent Am J
Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 295 G987ndashG995
Thippeswamy NB and Naidu AK (2005) Antioxidant potency of cumin
varieties cumin black cumin and bitter cumin on antioxidant systems Eur
Food Res Technol 220 472ndash476
Tietge UJ Boker KH Bahr MJ Weinberg S Pichlmayr R Schmidt
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patients with cirrhosis and after liver transplantation Hepato-
gastroenterology 45(24) 2255-2260
Tietz NW (1970) Fund of Clin Chem P 447
Tilak Khanal Jae Ho Choi Yong Pil Hwang Young Chul Chung Hye
Gwang Jeong (2009) Protective effects of saponins from the root of
Platycodon grandiflorum against fatty liver in chronic ethanol feeding via the
activation of AMP-dependent protein kinase Food and Chemical
Toxicology 47 2749ndash2754
Ting LP (1982) Plant physiology Addison Wesley Services in Life
Sciences New York USA
Tiwari O P and Tripathi Y B (2007) Antioxidant properties of different
fractions of Vitex negundo Linn Food Chemistry 100 1170ndash1176
Toledo FGS Sniderman AD and Kelley DE (2006) Influence of
hepatic steatosis (fatty liver) on severity and composition of dyslipidemia in
type 2 diabetes Diabetes Care 29 1845ndash50
Tomomichi Chonan Hiroaki Tanaka Daisuke Yamamoto Miyoko Yashiro
Takahiro Oi Daisuke Wakasugi Ayumi Ohoka-Sugita Fusayo Io Hiroko
Koretsune Akira Hiratate (2010) Design and synthesis of disubstituted (4-
piperidinyl)-piperazine derivatives as potent acetyl-CoA carboxylase
inhibitors Bioorganic amp Medicinal Chemistry Letters 20 3965ndash3968
Townsend KL Lorenzi MM and Widmaier EP (2008) High-fat diet-
induced changes in body mass and hypothalamic gene expression in wild-
type and leptindeficient mice Endocrine 33 176ndash188
Trenam CW Blake DR and Morris CJ (1992) Skin inflammation
reactive Oxygen Species and the role of iron Journal of Investigation
Dermatology 99 675-682
Trinder P (1969) Ann Clin Biochem 6 24
Trivedi CP Shinde S and Sharma RC (1969) Preliminary
phytochemical and pharmacological studies on Ficus racemosa extract
(Gular) Indian J Med Res 57 (6) 1070ndash1074
Tuck KL and Hayball PJ (2002) Major phenolic compounds in olive oil
metabolism and health effects Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 13 636ndash
644
Tundis R Bonesi M Deguin B Loizzo MR Menichini F Conforti F
and Menichini F (2009) Cytotoxic activity and inhibitory effect on nitric
oxide production of triterpene saponins from the roots of Physospermum
verticillatum (Waldst and Kit) (Apiaceae) Bioorganic and Medicinal
Chemistry 17 4542ndash4547
Uchida K (2003) 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal a product and mediator of
oxidative stress Prog Lipid Res 42 318-343
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JNat Prod 19 (1) 35-36
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protective activity of green fruit of Ficus glomerata Food and Chemical
Toxicology 48 704ndash709
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mouse models of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Hepatology 48 474ndash486
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Rev Mol Cell Biol 9 162ndash176
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triglyceride synthesis improves hepatic steatosis but exacerbates liver
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Yang H Roberts LJ Jian Shi M Chun Zhou Li Ballard BR
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Yang JS Lee SJ Park HW and Cha YS (2006) Effect of genistein
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Yang RL Li W Shi YH and Le GW (2008) Lipoic acid prevents
high-fat dietndashinduced dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress A microarray
analysis Nutrition 24 582ndash588
Yang S Zhu H Li Y Lin H Gabrielson K Trush MA and Diehl
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Arch Biochem Biophys 378 259-268
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spontaneous lipid peroxidation following glutathione depletion Plant Med
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radical scavenging properties of wheat extracts J Agri Food Chem 50
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ginseng prevents the onset of high-fat diet induced hyperglycemia and
obesity in ICR mice Arch Pham Res 27 790ndash6
Zak B (1954) Cholesterol Methodologies A review Clin Chem 23 1201
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Zhao B (2009) Natural antioxidants protect neurons in Alzheimerlsquos disease
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Hypolipidaemic effect of n-butanol extract from Asparagus officinalis L in
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Krishnamoorthy V Divianathan S Subramanian B and Shanmugam M
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Lansky EP Helena M Paavilainena Alison D Pawlus B Robert A
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Le K Chiu F and Ng K (2007) Identification and quantification of
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Le PM Benhaddou-Andaloussi A Elimadi A Settaf A Cherrah Y
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Lee GS Yan JS Ng RK Kakar S and Maher JJ (2007)
Polyunsaturated fat in the methionine-choline-deficient diet influences
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Lee JK N and Min DB (2004) Reactive Oxygen Species Aging and
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Lee KS Buck M Houglum K and Chojkier M (1995) Activation of
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Dietary carvacrol lowers body weight gain but improves feed conversion in
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Li H Wang QJ Zhu DN and Yang Y (2008) Reinioside C a
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Lieber CS Leo MA Mak KM Xu Y Cao Q Ren C
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Lin J Yang R Tarr PT Wu PH Handschin C and Li S (2005)
Hyperlipidemic effects of dietary saturated fats mediated through PGC-1β
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Lindor KD Dickson ER Baldus WP Jorgensen RA Ludwig J
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Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Instructorlsquos Resource Parthlsquos
Pathophysiology Concepts of Altered Health States Seventh edition 2008
Liu C H Hung M T and Huang P C (1995) Source of triacylglycerol
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Liu F and Ng TB (2000) Antioxidative and free radical scavenging
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Liu F Ooi VEC and Chang S T (1997) Free radical scavenging
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Lopez-Avila V L and A and Yefchak G (2009) Use of GC-QTOF MS to
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Lopez-Garcia E Schulze MB Meigs JB Manson JE Rifai N and
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Ludwig J Viggiano TR McGill DB and Ott BJ (1980) Non-alcoholic
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Lyon CJ Law RE and Hsueh WA (2003) Minireview adiposity
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Mabrouk GM Moselhy SS Zohny SF Ali EM Helal TE Amin
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Madan MP Raghavan G Singh AK and Palpu P (2005) Free radical
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Mahendran P and Devi CSS (2001) The modulating effect of Garicinia
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Mahmoud MR El-Abhar HS and Saleh S (2002) The effect of Nigella
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Makino I Shinozaki K Yoshino K and Nakagawa S (1975)
Dissolution of cholesterol gallstones by long-term administration of
ursodeoxycholic acid Nippon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi 72 690ndash702
Malik EP Singh MB (1980) Plant Enzymology and Hittoenzymology
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Mallikharjuna PB Rajanna LN Seetharam YN and Sharanabasappa
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Manco M Calvani M and Mingrone G (2004) Effects of dietary fatty
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6 402ndash413
Manian R Anusuya N Siddhuraju P and Manian S (2008) The
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solvent extracts of Camellia sinensis (L) O Kuntz Ficus bengalensis L and
Ficus racemosa L Food Chemistry 107 1000ndash1007
Marchand LL Murphy SP Hankin JH Wilkens LR Kolonel LN
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Marchesini G Bugianesi E Forlani G Cerrelli F Lenzi M Manini
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Hepatology 37 917ndash 923
Mari M Caballero F Colell A Morales A Caballeria J Fernandez
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Mitochondrial free cholesterol loading sensitizes to TNF and Fas-meidated
steatohepatitis Cell Metabolism 4 185ndash198
Marimuthu P Wu CL Chang HT and Chang ST (2008) Antioxidant
activity of the ethanolic extract from the bark of Chamaecyparis obtuse var
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Mariod AA Ibrahim RM Ismail M and Ismail N (2009) Antioxidant
activity and phenolic content of phenolic rich fractions obtained from black
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Maron DJ (2004) Flavonoids for reduction of atherosclerotic risk Curr
Atheroscler Rep 6 73-78
Marra F Gastaldelli A Svegliati Baroni G Tell G and Tiribelli C
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Mates JM Perez-Gomez C and Decastro IN (1999) Clin Chem 32
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Matsuzawa N Takamura T Kurita S Misu H Ota T Ando H
Yokoyama M Honda M Zen Y Nakanuma Y Miyamoto K and
Kaneko S (2007) Lipid-induced oxidative stress causes steatohepatitis in
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Matsuzawa Y Shimomura I Nakamura T Keno Y Kotani K and
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Matteoni C Younossi Z Gramlich T Boparai N and Liu Y (1999)
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Matthaei S StumvollM Kellerer M and Haring (2000) Endocr H-U
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Matthew Ricci (2008) NAFLD (Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease) A
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Matthew Cave Ion Deaciuc Christian Mendez Zhenyuan Song Swati
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Mavrelis PG Ammon HV Gleysteen JJ Komorowski RA and
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edition 588-
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Mazur A Bayle D Lab C Rock E and Rayssiguier Y (1999)
Inhibitory effect of procyanidin-rich extracts on LDL oxidation in vitro
Atherosclerosis 145 421ndash422
McCay PB (1985) Vitamin E Interactions with free radicals and
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McCullough AJ (2004) The clinical features diagnosis and natural history
of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Clinics in Liver Disease 8 521ndash533
McDougall GJ Dobson P Smith P Blake A and Stewart D (2005)
Assessing potential bioavallability of raspberry anthocyanins using an in
vitro digestion system Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53(15)
5896minus5904
Mehta B K Sharma U Pandit V Agrawal S Joshi N and Gupta M
(2008) Med Chem Res 17 462ndash473
Meng EC Shoichet BK and Kuntz ID (2004) Automated docking
with grid-based energy evaluation Journal of Computational Chemistry 13
(4) 505ndash524 doi101002jcc540130412
Merchant JR Bakshi VM and Engineer AB (1979) Chemical
investigation of fruits of Ficus glomerata Roxb Indian J Chem 17B 87ndash88
Mervat MM and Taie HAA (2009) Antioxidant activities total
anthocyanins phenolics and flavonoids contents of some sweet potato
genotypes under stress of different concentrations of sucrose and sorbito
Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 3(4) 3609-3616
Meydani M (2000) Vitamin E and prevention of heart disease in high-risk
patients Nutr Rev 58 278-281
Meyer SA and Kulkarni AP (2001) Hepatotoxicity in Introduction to
biochemical toxicology 3rd
Edition edited by E Hodgson and R C Smart (A
John Wiley amp Sons Inc New York) 487
Mezzetti A Di Ilio C Calafiore AM Aceto A Marzio L Frederici G
and Cuccurullo F (1990) Glutathione peroxidase glutathione reductase and
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Michalak A (2006) Phenolic compounds and their antioxidant activity in
plants growing under heavy metal stress Polish J Environ Studies 15(4)
523-530
Milagro FI Campioacuten J and Martiacutenez JA (2006) Weight gain induced
by high-fat feeding involves increased liver oxidative stress Obesity (Silver
Spring) 14 1118ndash1123
Miliauskas G Venskutonis PR and Van Beek TA (2004) Screening of
radical scavenging activity of some medicinal and aromatic plant extracts
Food Chemistry 85 231ndash237
Ming M Guanhua L Zhanhai Y Guang C and Xuan Z (2009) Effect
of the Lycium barbarum polysaccharides administration on blood lipid
metabolism and oxidative stress of mice fed high-fat diet in vivo Food
Chemistry 113 872ndash877
Misra A Khurana L Vikram NK Goel A and Wasir JS (2007)
Metabolic syndrome in children current issues and South Asian perspective
Nutrition 23(11ndash12)895ndash910
Misra A Misra R Wijesuriya M and Banerjee D (2007) The metabolic
syndrome in south Asians continuing escalation amp possible solutions Indian
J Med Res 125(3)345ndash54
Misra A Vikram NK (2004) Insulin resistance syndrome (metabolic
syndrome) and obesity in Asian Indians Evidence and implications
Nutrition 20482ndash491
Mithra SK Seshadri SJ Venkataranganna MV Gopumadhavan S
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mushroom against rat liver oxidative damage and fibrosis induced by CCL4
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the membrane surface Clin Dev Immunol 12 (1) 19ndash25
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antioxidant vitamins and trace elements supplemented diets on activities of
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Pacher P Beckman JS and Liaudet L (2007) Nitric oxide and
peroxynitrite In health and disease Physiological Reviews 87(1) 315ndash424
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Pan HZ Zhang H Chang D Li H and Sui H (2008) The change of
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Park CH Yamabe N Noh JS Kang KS Tanaka T Yokozawa T
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Perez-Amador MC Ocotero VM Castaneda JMG and Esquinca
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Perry G Cash AD Srinivas R and Smith MA (2002) Metals and
oxidative homeostasis in Alzheimerlsquos disease Drug Development and
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Pignatelli P Pulcinelli FM and Lenti L (1998) Hydrogen Peroxide Is
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action Diabetologia 47170ndash84
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Prasad K (2010) Effects of vitamin E on serum enzymes and electrolytes in
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oxidative damage in rat tissues and its attenuation by dietary sesame oil
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Rahman NN Khan M and Hasan R (1994) Bioactive components from
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Rajkapoor B Anandan R and Jayakar B (2002) Anti-ulcer effect of
Nigella sativa Linn against gastric ulcers in rats Curr Sci 82 177ndash179
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nutraceutical applications of black cumin (Nigella sativa L) an overview
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Ramadan MF and Moumlrsel JT (2004) Oxidative stability of black cumin
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abyssinica Cass) crude seed oils upon stripping Eur J Lipid Sci Technol
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Randhawa MA and Al-Ghamdi MS (2002) A review of the
pharmacotherapeutic effects of Nigella sativa Pakistan Journal of Medical
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Rao BR Murugresan T Sinha S Saha BP Pal M and Mandal SC
(2002) Glucose lowering efficacy of Ficus racemosa barks extract in normal
and alloxan diabetic rats Phytotherapy Research 16 590ndash592
Rao CV Arti R Verma M Vijayakumar S Rastogi (2008)
Gastroprotective effect of standardized extract of Ficus glomerata fruit on
experimental gastric ulcers in rats Journal of Ethnopharmacology 115
323ndash326
Rao KS (2009) Free radical induced oxidative damage to DNA relation to
brain aging and neurological disorders Indian J Biochem Biophys 46 9ndash15
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
Evans C (1999) Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231ndash1237
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
Evans C (1999) Antioxidant activity applying in an improved radical cation
decolorisation assay Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231-1237
Recknagel RO Glende EA JR Waller RL and Loery K (1982) Lipid
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710-723
Reitman S Frankel S (1957) Amer JClin Path 2856
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ed New York Academic
press 6 215-222
Rice-Evans CA Miller NJ and Paganga G (1996) Structurendashantioxidant
activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids J Free Radic Biol
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Richter C (1987) Biophysical consequences of lipid peroxidation in
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Rinella ME Elias MS Smolak RR Fu T Borensztajn J and Green
RM (2008) Mechanisms of hepatic steatosis in mice fed a lipogenic
methionine choline-deficient diet J Lipid Res 491068ndash76
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Roberts CK Barnard RJ Sindhu RK Jurczak M Ehdaie A and
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and antioxidant enzymes in diet-induced metabolic syndrome Metabolism
55 928ndash934
Robertson G Leclercq I and Farrell GC (2001) Nonalcoholic steatosis
and steatohepatitis II Cytochrome P-450 enzymes and oxidative stress
American Journal of Physiology Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 281
(5) G1135ndashG1139
Roe J H and Keuther C A (1943) The determination of ascorbic acid in
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oxidative stress on catalase and MnSOD gene transcription in astrocytes
Brain Res 900 128-136
Rojas C Cadenas S Lopez-Torres M Perez-Campo R and Barja G
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dcrease in lipid peroxidation after vitamin E dietary supplementation in
guinea pigs Free Radic Biol Med 21 907-15
Romeo S Sentinelli F Dash S Yeo GS Savage DB Leonetti F
Capoccia D Incani M Maglio C Iacovino M OlsquoRahilly S and Baroni
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Romero AM Mirtha MD Sturia MA and Judis MA (2004)
Antioxidant properties of polyphenol-containing extract from soybean
fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae Eur J Lipid Sci Technol 106
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820
Rosenberg HR (1992) Chemistry and Physiology of the citamins Inter
Science Publishers Inc New York 452-453
Rosselli MS Adriana L Burgue˜nob Julieta Carabelli Mariano Schumanb
Carlos J Pirolab and Silvia Sookoiana (2009) Losartan reduces liver
expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in a high fat-induced
rat nonalcoholic fatty liver disease model Atherosclerosis 206 119ndash126
Roy S Sehgal R Pahdy BM and Kumar VL (2005) Antioxidant and
protective effect of Calotropis procera against alloxan-induced diabetics in
rats J Ethanopharmacol 102 470-473
Ryan L OConnell O OSullivan L Aherne SA and OBrien NM
(2008) Micellarisation of carotenoids from raw and cooked vegetables
Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 63(3) 127minus133
Sadasivam S Manickam A (1997) Biochemical methods Second edition
Newage international Pvt Ltd
Sagi Y and Youdim MBH (2008) The neuroprotective effect of
ladostigil against hydrogen peroxide-mediated cytotoxicity Chem-Biol
Interact 175 318ndash26
Sahai A Malladi P Melin-Aldana H Green RM and Whitington PF
(2004) Up regulation of osteopontin expression is involved in the
development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in a dietary murine model Am
J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 287 G264-G273
Sahreen S Rashid Khan M and Ali Khan R (2010) Evaluation of
antioxidant activities of various solvent extracts of Carissa opaca fruits
Food Chemistry 122 1205ndash1211
Sairam K Rao ChV Babu MD Kumar V Agarwal VK and Goel
RK (2002) Antiulcerogenic activity of methanolic extract of Emblica
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Sallie R Tredgr JM and William (1999) Drugs and the liver Biopharm
Drug Dispos 12 251-259
Salom S M Gray J A Alford A R Mulesky M Fettig C J and
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Samuel VT Liu ZX Qu X Elder BD Bilz S Befroy D Romanelli
AJ and Shulman GI (2004) Mechanism of hepatic insulin resistance in
non-alcoholic fatty liver disease J Biol Chem 279 32345-32353
Sanyal AJ (2001) Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease a medical consequence
of globalisation Indian JGastroenterol 20 215-216
Sanyal AJ (2002) GA technical review on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Gastroenterology 123 1705ndash1725
Sanyal AJ Campbell-Sargent C Mirshahi F Rizzo WB Contos MJ
Sterling RK Luketic VA Shiffman ML and Clore JN (2001)
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis association of insulin resistance and
mitochondrial abnormalities Gastroenterology 120 (5) 1183ndash1192
Sarabu R and Tilley J (2005) Annu Rep Med Chem 40 167e181
Elsevier Academic Press
Sasaki YF Kawaguchi S KamayaA OhshitaM Kabasawa K and
Iwama K (2002) The comet assay with 8 mouse organs Results with 39
currently used food additives Mutation ResearchGenetic Toxicology and
Environmental Mutagenesis 519 103ndash109
Satheesh AM and Pari L (2004) Antioxidant effect of Boerhavia diffusa
L in tissues of alloxan induced diabetic rats Indian J Exp Biol 42 989-
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Satyavati GV (1982) Some traditional medical systems and practise of
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Sauberlich HE (1999) Laboratory tests for the assessment of nutritional
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Ed CRC press Boca RatonFL
Scandalios JG (1987) The antioxidant enzyme genes CAT and SOD of
maize regulation functional significance and molecular biology
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Schaalan M El-Abhar HS Barakat M and El-Denshary ES (2008)
Westernized-likediet-fed rats effect on glucose homeostasis lipid profile
and adipocyte hormones and their modulation by rosiglitazone and
glimepiride J Diabetes Complications 23199ndash208
Scherer R and Godoy HT (2009) Antioxidant activity index (AAI) by the
22- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method Food Chemistry 112 654ndash658
Schrauwen P (2007) High-fat diet muscular lipotoxicity and insulin
resistance Proc Nutr Soc 66 33ndash41
Scott MD Lubin BH Zuo L and Kuypers FA (1991) Erythrocyte
defence against hydrogen peroxide Preeminent importance of catalase J
Lab Clin Med 118 7-16
Sen CK (1995) Oxygen toxicity and antioxidants state of the art Int J
Physiol Pharamacol 39 177
Sen CK (2003) The general case for redox control of wound repair
Wound Repair and Regeneration 11 431-438
Seth and Bhawana Sharma (2004) Medicinal plants in India Commentary
Indian J Med Res 120 9-11
Sgro C and Escousse A (1991) Side effects of fibrates (except liver and
muscle) Therapie 46 351ndash354
Sharma SK and Gupta VK (2008) PHCOG MAGRearch article In vitro
antioxidant studies of Ficus Racemosa Linnroot 13 (4) 70-74
Sharma P and Dubey RSH (2005) Drought induces stress and enhances
the activities of antioxidant enzymes in growing rice seedlings Plant Growth
hybrid mean were Regul 46 209-221
Shenoy KA Somayaji SN and Bairy KL (2001) Hepatoprotective
effects of Ginkgo biloba against CCl4 induced hepatic injury in rats Ind J
Pharamacol 33 260-266
Shigeoka S Ishikawa T Tamoi M Miyagawa Y Takeda T Yabuta
Y and Yoshimura K (2002) ―Regulation and function of ascorbate
peroxidise isoenzymes J Exp Bot 53(372) 1305-1319
Shimada K Fujikawa K Yahara K and Nakamura T (1992)
Antioxidative properties of xanthan on the autoxidation of soybean oil in
cyclodextrin emulsion J Agric Food Chem 40 945ndash948
Shimano H (2009) SREBPs physiology and pathophysiology of the
SREBP family FEBS J 276616ndash621
Shimizu MH Araujo M Borges SM De Tolassa EM and Seguro
AC (2004) Influence of age and vitamin E on post-ischemic acute renal
failure Exp Gerontol 39 825-830
Shoelson SE Lee J and Goldfine AB (2006) Inflammation and insulin
resistance J Clin Invest 116 1793ndash1801
Shukla R Gupta S Gambhir JK Prabhu KM and Murthy PS (2004)
Antioxidant effect of aqueous extract of the bark of Ficus bengalensis in
hypercholesterolaemic rabbits Journal of Ethnopharmacology 92 47ndash51
Sido B Hack V and Hochlehner A (1998) Impairment of intestinal
glutathione synthesis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease [J] Int J
Gastroenterol Hepatol 42(4) 485-492
Sies H (1997) Oxidative stress oxidants and antioxidants Exp Physiol
82 291-295
Sies H and Cadenas E (1985) Oxidative stress damage to intact cells and
organs Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 311 617-631
Silva BA Ferreres F Malva JO and Dias ACP (2005)
Phytochemical and antioxidant characterization of Hypericum perforatum
alcoholic extracts Food Chemistry 90 157ndash167
Singanan V Singana M and Begum H (2007) The hepatoprotective
effect of Bael leaves in alcohol induced liver injury in albino rats
International J Science and Technology 2(2) 83-92
Singh M Govindarajan R Nath V Singh RAK and Mehrotra S
(2006) Antimicrobial wound healing and antioxidant activity of
Plagiochasma appendiculatum Lehm et Lind Journal of
Ethanopharamacology 107 67-72
Singh R Wang Y Schattenberg JM Xiang Y and Czaja MJ (2009)
Chronic oxidative stress sensitizes hepatocytes to death from 4-
hydroxynonenal by JNKc-Jun overactivation Am J Physiol Gastrointest
Liver Physiol 297 G907-G917
Singh SP Nayak S and Swain M (2004) Prevalence of non-alcoholic
fatty liver disease in coastal eastern India a preliminary ultrasonographic
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L Goodly (Ed) Diagnostic Enzymology (pp 1ndash38) Philadelphia USA
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Zimmet P Shaw J and Alberti KG (2003) Preventing Type 2 Diabetes
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Kurian GA and Paddikkala J (2009) Administration of aqueous extract of
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Lansky EP Helena M Paavilainena Alison D Pawlus B Robert A
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Le K Chiu F and Ng K (2007) Identification and quantification of
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Le PM Benhaddou-Andaloussi A Elimadi A Settaf A Cherrah Y
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Leclercq IA (2007) Pathogenesis of steatohepatitis insights from the study
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Lee GS Yan JS Ng RK Kakar S and Maher JJ (2007)
Polyunsaturated fat in the methionine-choline-deficient diet influences
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Lee JK N and Min DB (2004) Reactive Oxygen Species Aging and
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Lee KS Buck M Houglum K and Chojkier M (1995) Activation of
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Lieber CS Leo MA Mak KM Xu Y Cao Q Ren C
Ponomarenko A and DeCarli LM (2004) Model of nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 79(3) 502ndash509
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Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Instructorlsquos Resource Parthlsquos
Pathophysiology Concepts of Altered Health States Seventh edition 2008
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Liu F and Ng TB (2000) Antioxidative and free radical scavenging
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Liu F Ooi VEC and Chang S T (1997) Free radical scavenging
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Lizardi-Cervera J and Aquilar-Zapata D (2009) Nonalcoholic fatty liver
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Lopez-Avila V L and A and Yefchak G (2009) Use of GC-QTOF MS to
identify unknown compounds in herbal extracts 1-4
Lopez-Garcia E Schulze MB Meigs JB Manson JE Rifai N and
Stampfer MJ (2005) l Consumption of trans fatty acids is related to plasma
biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction J Nutr 135 562ndash
566
Louchami K Zhang Y Oguzhan B Delporte C Portois L and
Carpentier YA (2006) Rapid changes in liver lipid composition and
pancreatic islet K+ handling and secretory behaviour provoked by the
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Lowry OH Rosebrough NJ Farr AI and Randall RJ (1951) Protein
determination with the folinlsquos phenol reagent JBiolChem 193 265-275
Luck H (1974) In Methods in enzymatic analysisBer Acad N Y 885
Ludwig J Viggiano TR McGill DB and Ott BJ (1980) Non-alcoholic
steatohepatitis Mayo clinic experiences with a hitherto unnamed disease
Mayo Clin Proc 55434-438
Lugasi A Dworschak E Blazovics A and Kery A (1998) Antioxidant
and free radical scavenging properties of squeezed juice from black radish
(Raphanus sativus I Varniger) root Phytother Res 12 502-506
Lyon CJ Law RE and Hsueh WA (2003) Minireview adiposity
inflammation and atherogenesis Endocrinology 144 2195ndash2200
Mabrouk GM Moselhy SS Zohny SF Ali EM Helal TE Amin
AA and Khalifa AA (2002) Inhibition of methylnitrosourea (MNU)
induced oxidative stress and carcinogenesis by orally administered bee honey
and Nigella grains in Sprague Dawely rats Journal of Experimental and
Clinical Cancer Research 21 (3) 341ndash346
Madan MP Raghavan G Singh AK and Palpu P (2005) Free radical
scavenging potential of Saussarea costua Acta Pharm 55 297-304
Mahendran P and Devi CSS (2001) The modulating effect of Garicinia
cambogia extract on ethanol induced peroxidative damage in rats Indian J
Pharmacology 33 87-91
Mahmoud MR El-Abhar HS and Saleh S (2002) The effect of Nigella
sativa oil against the liver damage induced by Shistosoma mansoni infection
in mice Journal of Ethnopharmacology 79 1ndash11
Makino I Shinozaki K Yoshino K and Nakagawa S (1975)
Dissolution of cholesterol gallstones by long-term administration of
ursodeoxycholic acid Nippon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi 72 690ndash702
Malik EP Singh MB (1980) Plant Enzymology and Hittoenzymology
1st Edn Kalyani Publishers New Delhi 286
Mallikharjuna PB Rajanna LN Seetharam YN and Sharanabasappa
GK (2007) Phytochemical Studies of Strychnos potatorum LF A
Medicinal Plant 4(4) 510-518
Manco M Calvani M and Mingrone G (2004) Effects of dietary fatty
acids on insulin sensitivity and secretion Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism
6 402ndash413
Manian R Anusuya N Siddhuraju P and Manian S (2008) The
antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging potential of two different
solvent extracts of Camellia sinensis (L) O Kuntz Ficus bengalensis L and
Ficus racemosa L Food Chemistry 107 1000ndash1007
Marchand LL Murphy SP Hankin JH Wilkens LR Kolonel LN
(2000) J Natl Cancer Inst 92 154
Marchesini G Bugianesi E Forlani G Cerrelli F Lenzi M Manini
R Natale S Vanni E Villanova N Melchionda N and Rizzetto M
(2003) Nonalcoholic fatty liver steatohepatitis and the metabolic syndrome
Hepatology 37 917ndash 923
Mari M Caballero F Colell A Morales A Caballeria J Fernandez
A Enrich C Fernandez-Checa JC and Garcia-Ruiz C (2006)
Mitochondrial free cholesterol loading sensitizes to TNF and Fas-meidated
steatohepatitis Cell Metabolism 4 185ndash198
Marimuthu P Wu CL Chang HT and Chang ST (2008) Antioxidant
activity of the ethanolic extract from the bark of Chamaecyparis obtuse var
Formosana J Sci Food Agric 88
Mariod AA Ibrahim RM Ismail M and Ismail N (2009) Antioxidant
activity and phenolic content of phenolic rich fractions obtained from black
cumin (Nigella sativa) seedcake Food Chemistry 116 306ndash312
Maron DJ (2004) Flavonoids for reduction of atherosclerotic risk Curr
Atheroscler Rep 6 73-78
Marra F Gastaldelli A Svegliati Baroni G Tell G and Tiribelli C
(2008) Molecular basis and mechanisms of progression of non-alcoholic
steatohepatitis Trends Mol Med 14 72ndash81
Mason JS Morize I Menard PR Cheney DL Hulme C and
Labaudiniere RF (1999) J Med Chem 42 3251e3264
Mates JM Perez-Gomez C and Decastro IN (1999) Clin Chem 32
595-603
Matsuzawa N Takamura T Kurita S Misu H Ota T Ando H
Yokoyama M Honda M Zen Y Nakanuma Y Miyamoto K and
Kaneko S (2007) Lipid-induced oxidative stress causes steatohepatitis in
mice fed an atherogenic diet Hepatology 46 1392ndash1403
Matsuzawa Y Shimomura I Nakamura T Keno Y Kotani K and
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Matteoni C Younossi Z Gramlich T Boparai N and Liu Y (1999)
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease a spectrum of clinical and pathological
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Matthaei S StumvollM Kellerer M and Haring (2000) Endocr H-U
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Matthew Ricci (2008) NAFLD (Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease) A
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Matthew Cave Ion Deaciuc Christian Mendez Zhenyuan Song Swati
Joshi-Barve Shirish Barve Craig McClain (2007) Nonalcoholic fatty liver
disease predisposing factors and the role of nutrition Journal of Nutritional
Biochemistry 18 184ndash 195
Mavrelis PG Ammon HV Gleysteen JJ Komorowski RA and
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morbid obesity Hepatology 3 226ndash231
Mayes AP (1993) Structure and function of the lipid soluble vitamins In
Murray KR Graner KD Mayes AP and Rodwell WV Harperlsquos
Biochemistry Chap 53 Prentice-Hall International Inc 23rd
edition 588-
590
Mazur A Bayle D Lab C Rock E and Rayssiguier Y (1999)
Inhibitory effect of procyanidin-rich extracts on LDL oxidation in vitro
Atherosclerosis 145 421ndash422
McCay PB (1985) Vitamin E Interactions with free radicals and
ascorbate Ann Rev Nutr 5 323-340
McCullough AJ (2004) The clinical features diagnosis and natural history
of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Clinics in Liver Disease 8 521ndash533
McDougall GJ Dobson P Smith P Blake A and Stewart D (2005)
Assessing potential bioavallability of raspberry anthocyanins using an in
vitro digestion system Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53(15)
5896minus5904
Mehta B K Sharma U Pandit V Agrawal S Joshi N and Gupta M
(2008) Med Chem Res 17 462ndash473
Meng EC Shoichet BK and Kuntz ID (2004) Automated docking
with grid-based energy evaluation Journal of Computational Chemistry 13
(4) 505ndash524 doi101002jcc540130412
Merchant JR Bakshi VM and Engineer AB (1979) Chemical
investigation of fruits of Ficus glomerata Roxb Indian J Chem 17B 87ndash88
Mervat MM and Taie HAA (2009) Antioxidant activities total
anthocyanins phenolics and flavonoids contents of some sweet potato
genotypes under stress of different concentrations of sucrose and sorbito
Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 3(4) 3609-3616
Meydani M (2000) Vitamin E and prevention of heart disease in high-risk
patients Nutr Rev 58 278-281
Meyer SA and Kulkarni AP (2001) Hepatotoxicity in Introduction to
biochemical toxicology 3rd
Edition edited by E Hodgson and R C Smart (A
John Wiley amp Sons Inc New York) 487
Mezzetti A Di Ilio C Calafiore AM Aceto A Marzio L Frederici G
and Cuccurullo F (1990) Glutathione peroxidase glutathione reductase and
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Michael Metz (2005) Liver function tests IMVS News letter 57
Michalak A (2006) Phenolic compounds and their antioxidant activity in
plants growing under heavy metal stress Polish J Environ Studies 15(4)
523-530
Milagro FI Campioacuten J and Martiacutenez JA (2006) Weight gain induced
by high-fat feeding involves increased liver oxidative stress Obesity (Silver
Spring) 14 1118ndash1123
Miliauskas G Venskutonis PR and Van Beek TA (2004) Screening of
radical scavenging activity of some medicinal and aromatic plant extracts
Food Chemistry 85 231ndash237
Ming M Guanhua L Zhanhai Y Guang C and Xuan Z (2009) Effect
of the Lycium barbarum polysaccharides administration on blood lipid
metabolism and oxidative stress of mice fed high-fat diet in vivo Food
Chemistry 113 872ndash877
Misra A Khurana L Vikram NK Goel A and Wasir JS (2007)
Metabolic syndrome in children current issues and South Asian perspective
Nutrition 23(11ndash12)895ndash910
Misra A Misra R Wijesuriya M and Banerjee D (2007) The metabolic
syndrome in south Asians continuing escalation amp possible solutions Indian
J Med Res 125(3)345ndash54
Misra A Vikram NK (2004) Insulin resistance syndrome (metabolic
syndrome) and obesity in Asian Indians Evidence and implications
Nutrition 20482ndash491
Mithra SK Seshadri SJ Venkataranganna MV Gopumadhavan S
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formulation in galactosamine induced hepatopathy in rats Indian J Physiol
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mushroom against rat liver oxidative damage and fibrosis induced by CCL4
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Mohan V (2004) Why are Indians more prone to diabetes J Assoc Phys
India 52468ndash474
Mohan V and Deepa R (2006) Adipocytokines and The expanding Asian
Indian Phenotype J Assoc Physic Ind 54 685-6
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steatohepatitis Hepatology 37 909ndash16
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Nanji AA (2004b) Another animal model for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
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Nanji AA (2004a) Animal models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and
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Neuschwander-Tetri BA and Caldwell SH (2003) Nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis summary of an AASLD single topic conference Hepatology
371202ndash19
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Oguzhan B Sancho V Acitores A Villanueva-Penacarrillo ML
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Entada saponin-III a saponin isolated from the bark of Entada phaseoloides
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Okada Y Shibata S Javellana AMJ and Kamo O (1988) Entada
saponins (ES) II and IV from the bark of Entada phaseoloides Chemical and
Pharmaceutical Bulletin 36 1264ndash1269
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Oteiza PI Erlejman AG Verstraeten SV Keen CL and Fraga CG
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the membrane surface Clin Dev Immunol 12 (1) 19ndash25
Owen R W Giacosa A Hull W E Haubner R Spiegelhalder B and
Bartsh H (2000) The antioxidantanticancer potential of phenolic
compounds isolated from olive oil European Journal of Cancer 36 1235ndash
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Oyaizu M (1986) Studies on product of browning reaction prepared from
glucose amine Japanese Journal of Nutrition 44307-315
Ozcan U Cao Q Yilmaz E Lee AH Iwakoshi NN and Ozdelen E
(2004) Endoplasmic reticulum stress links obesity insulin action and type 2
diabetes Science 306457ndash61
Ozturk-Urek R Bozkaya LA and Tarhan L (2001) The effects of some
antioxidant vitamins and trace elements supplemented diets on activities of
SOD CAT GSH-Px and LPO levels in chicken tissues Cell Biochemistry
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Pacheco-Alvarez D Solorzano-Vargas RS and Leon-Del-Rio A (2002)
Biotin in metabolism and its relationship tohuman disease Arch Med Res
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Pacher P Beckman JS and Liaudet L (1997) (Nitric oxide and
peroxynitrite in health and disease Physiol Rev 87 (1) 315ndash424
Pacher P Beckman JS and Liaudet L (2007) Nitric oxide and
peroxynitrite In health and disease Physiological Reviews 87(1) 315ndash424
Paetau I Khachik F Brown ED Beecher GR Kramer TR and
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Pan HZ Zhang H Chang D Li H and Sui H (2008) The change of
oxidative stress products in diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy Br J
Ophthalmol 92 548ndash51
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tissue growth factor expression a potential mechanism involved in
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44
Paranjpe P (2001) Indian Medicinal Plants Forgotten Healers A Guide to
Ayurvedic Herbal Medicine Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratisthan Delhi p316
Park CH Yamabe N Noh JS Kang KS Tanaka T Yokozawa T
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and lipid metabolism in the liver of dbdb mice Biol Pharm Bull 32 1734ndash
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Parrotta JA (2006) Healing Plants of Peninsular India CABI Publishing
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Patchett AA and Nargund RP (2000) Annu Rep Med Chem 35
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Pauly Nicolas Pucciariello C Mandon K Innocenti G Jamet A
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Peach and Tracey MV (1955) In modern methods of plant analyse 4
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Perez C Canal JR and Torres MD (2003) Experimental diabetes treated
with Ficus carica extract effect on oxidative stress parameters Acta
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Perez-Amador MC Ocotero VM Castaneda JMG and Esquinca
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Perry G Cash AD Srinivas R and Smith MA (2002) Metals and
oxidative homeostasis in Alzheimerlsquos disease Drug Development and
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Pietta PG (2000) Flavonoids and antioxidants J Nat Prod 63 1035-
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Pignatelli P Pulcinelli FM and Lenti L (1998) Hydrogen Peroxide Is
Involved in Collagen-Induced Platelet Activation Blood 91 (2) 484-490
Pirola L Johnston AM Van Obberghen E (2004) Modulation of insulin
action Diabetologia 47170ndash84
Pitchersky E and Gang DR (2000) Genetics and biochemistry of
secondary metabolites in plants An evolutionary perspective Trends Plant
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Pompella A Visvikis A and Paolicchi A (2003) The changing faces of
glutathione a cellular protagonist [J] Biochem Pharmacl 66(8) 1499-1503
Prasad K (2010) Effects of vitamin E on serum enzymes and electrolytes in
hypercholesterolemia Molecular Cellular Biochemistry 335 67ndash74
Prasamthi Muralidhara K and Rajini PS (2005) Fenvalerate-induced
oxidative damage in rat tissues and its attenuation by dietary sesame oil
Food Chem Toxicol 43 299ndash306
Pryor WA (1993) Measurement of oxidative stress status in humans
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2 289-292
Puppo A (1992) Effect of flavonoids on hydroxyl radical formation by
Fenton-type reactions influence of the iron chelator Phytochemistry 31
85ndash88
Rachna A and Abdelhaq R (2003) Redistribution of glucose-6-phosphate
dehydrogenase in response to cerebral ischemia in rat brain Indian J Clin
Biochem 18 64-70
Rahman NN Khan M and Hasan R (1994) Bioactive components from
Ficus glomerata Pure and Applied Chemistry 66 2287ndash2290
Rajesh MG and Latha MS (2004) Preliminary evaluation of the
antihepatotoxic activity of Kamilari a polyherbal formulation J
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Rajkapoor B Anandan R and Jayakar B (2002) Anti-ulcer effect of
Nigella sativa Linn against gastric ulcers in rats Curr Sci 82 177ndash179
Ramadan MF (2007) Nutritional value functional properties and
nutraceutical applications of black cumin (Nigella sativa L) an overview
International Journal of Food Science and Technology 42 1208ndash1218
Ramadan MF and Moumlrsel JT (2004) Oxidative stability of black cumin
(Nigella sativa L) coriander (Coriandrum sativum L) and niger (Guizotia
abyssinica Cass) crude seed oils upon stripping Eur J Lipid Sci Technol
106 35ndash43
Randhawa MA and Al-Ghamdi MS (2002) A review of the
pharmacotherapeutic effects of Nigella sativa Pakistan Journal of Medical
Research 41 77ndash83
Rao BR Murugresan T Sinha S Saha BP Pal M and Mandal SC
(2002) Glucose lowering efficacy of Ficus racemosa barks extract in normal
and alloxan diabetic rats Phytotherapy Research 16 590ndash592
Rao CV Arti R Verma M Vijayakumar S Rastogi (2008)
Gastroprotective effect of standardized extract of Ficus glomerata fruit on
experimental gastric ulcers in rats Journal of Ethnopharmacology 115
323ndash326
Rao KS (2009) Free radical induced oxidative damage to DNA relation to
brain aging and neurological disorders Indian J Biochem Biophys 46 9ndash15
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
Evans C (1999) Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231ndash1237
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
Evans C (1999) Antioxidant activity applying in an improved radical cation
decolorisation assay Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231-1237
Recknagel RO Glende EA JR Waller RL and Loery K (1982) Lipid
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toxicology in the liver edited by G L Plea and W R Hewilt (Raven press
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Reddy AR Chiatanya KV and vivekanandan M (2004) Draught
induced response of photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism in higher
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and benzyl adenine and dark- treated graving rice (Oryza sativa) leaves II
Changes in peroxidases activity Plant Cell Physiol 26 987- 994
Reid AE (2001) Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Gasteroenterology 121
710-723
Reitman S Frankel S (1957) Amer JClin Path 2856
Rennberg H (1987) Aspects of glutathione function and metabolism in
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York Plenum Press 279-292
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(eds) Standard methods of clinical chemistry 6th
ed New York Academic
press 6 215-222
Rice-Evans CA Miller NJ and Paganga G (1996) Structurendashantioxidant
activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids J Free Radic Biol
Med 20 933ndash956
Richter C (1987) Biophysical consequences of lipid peroxidation in
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Rinella ME Elias MS Smolak RR Fu T Borensztajn J and Green
RM (2008) Mechanisms of hepatic steatosis in mice fed a lipogenic
methionine choline-deficient diet J Lipid Res 491068ndash76
Rizvi MMA Irshad M Hassadi GE and Younis SB (2009) Bio
efficacies of Cassia fistula An Indian labrum African Journal of Pharmacy
and Pharmacology 3(6) 287-292
Robak J Gryglewski RJ (1988) Flavonoids are scavengers of superoxide
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Robak J Maran and Kiewicz R (1995) Scavenging of reactive oxygen
species as the mechanism of drug action Polish J of Pharmacol 47 89-98
Robert M (2006) Mineral surfaces and the prebiotic selection and
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Roberts CK Barnard RJ Sindhu RK Jurczak M Ehdaie A and
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and antioxidant enzymes in diet-induced metabolic syndrome Metabolism
55 928ndash934
Robertson G Leclercq I and Farrell GC (2001) Nonalcoholic steatosis
and steatohepatitis II Cytochrome P-450 enzymes and oxidative stress
American Journal of Physiology Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 281
(5) G1135ndashG1139
Roe J H and Keuther C A (1943) The determination of ascorbic acid in
whole blood and urine through 2 4-dinitro phenyl hydrazine derivative of
dehydro ascorbic acid J Biol Chem 147 399- 407
Rohrdanz E Schmuck G Ohler S and Kahl R (2001) The influence of
oxidative stress on catalase and MnSOD gene transcription in astrocytes
Brain Res 900 128-136
Rojas C Cadenas S Lopez-Torres M Perez-Campo R and Barja G
(1996) Increase in heart glutathione redox and total antioxidant capacity and
dcrease in lipid peroxidation after vitamin E dietary supplementation in
guinea pigs Free Radic Biol Med 21 907-15
Romeo S Sentinelli F Dash S Yeo GS Savage DB Leonetti F
Capoccia D Incani M Maglio C Iacovino M OlsquoRahilly S and Baroni
MG (2010) Int J Obes (Lond) 34 190ndash194
Romero AM Mirtha MD Sturia MA and Judis MA (2004)
Antioxidant properties of polyphenol-containing extract from soybean
fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae Eur J Lipid Sci Technol 106
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Rosen HR and Keefe EB (1998) Laboratory evaluation of the patient
with signs and symptoms of liver disease In clinical practice of
gastroenterology (Brandt LJEd) Churchil Livingstone Philadelphia 812-
820
Rosenberg HR (1992) Chemistry and Physiology of the citamins Inter
Science Publishers Inc New York 452-453
Rosselli MS Adriana L Burgue˜nob Julieta Carabelli Mariano Schumanb
Carlos J Pirolab and Silvia Sookoiana (2009) Losartan reduces liver
expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in a high fat-induced
rat nonalcoholic fatty liver disease model Atherosclerosis 206 119ndash126
Roy S Sehgal R Pahdy BM and Kumar VL (2005) Antioxidant and
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antioxidant activities of various solvent extracts of Carissa opaca fruits
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Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis association of insulin resistance and
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Antioxidative properties of xanthan on the autoxidation of soybean oil in
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Antioxidant effect of aqueous extract of the bark of Ficus bengalensis in
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Yang H Roberts LJ Jian Shi M Chun Zhou Li Ballard BR
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Yang JS Lee SJ Park HW and Cha YS (2006) Effect of genistein
with carnitine administration on lipid parameters and obesity in C57Bl6J
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Yang S Zhu H Li Y Lin H Gabrielson K Trush MA and Diehl
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mechanism of oxidative injury Free Radic Biol Med 39(10) 1385ndash1398
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Yu L Haley S Perret J Harris M Wilson J and Qian M (2002) Free
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Yun SN Moon SJ Ko SK Im BO and Chung SH (2004) Wild
ginseng prevents the onset of high-fat diet induced hyperglycemia and
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Zak B (1954) Cholesterol Methodologies A review Clin Chem 23 1201
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Zhang HM Chen SW Zhang LS and Feng XF (2008) The effects of
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Zhao B (2009) Natural antioxidants protect neurons in Alzheimerlsquos disease
and Parkinsonlsquos disease Neurochem Res 34 630ndash8
Zheng S Hoos L Cook J Tetzloff G Harry DJ and Van Heek M
(2008) Ezetimibe improves high fat and cholesterol diet-induced non-
alcoholic fatty liver disease Vascular Health and Risk Management 4 235ndash
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Zhu X Zhang W Pang X Wang J Zhao J and Qu W (2011)
Hypolipidaemic effect of n-butanol extract from Asparagus officinalis L in
mice fed a high-fat diet Phytotherapy Research 31 doi101002ptr3380
Zimmerman H J and Seeff L B (1970) Enzymes in hepatic disease In E
L Goodly (Ed) Diagnostic Enzymology (pp 1ndash38) Philadelphia USA
Lea amp Febiger
Zimmet P Shaw J and Alberti KG (2003) Preventing Type 2 Diabetes
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fat cholesterol-enriched diet on the antioxidant defence mechanisms in the
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Latha M and Pari L (2004) Effect of an aqueous extract of Scoparia dulcis
on blood glucose plasma insulin and some polyol pathway enzymes in
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superoxide anion and beneficial effect of antioxidant molecules in murine
steatohepatitis Hepatology 39(5) 1277-1285
Laurin J Lindor KD Crippin JS Gossard A Gores GJ Ludwig J
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treatment of non-alcohol-induced steatohepatitis a pilot study Hepatology
23 1464ndash1467
Le K Chiu F and Ng K (2007) Identification and quantification of
antioxidants in Fructus lycii Food Chemistry 105 353ndash363
Le PM Benhaddou-Andaloussi A Elimadi A Settaf A Cherrah Y
and Haddad P (2004) The petroleum ether extract of Nigella sativa exerts
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Leclercq I Field J Erriquez A Farrell GC (2007) Robertson G
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CYP4A in leptin-deficient obob mice Biochim Biophys Res Commun 268
337ndash 44
Leclercq IA (2007) Pathogenesis of steatohepatitis insights from the study
of animal models Acta Gastroenterol Belg 7025ndash31
Lee GS Yan JS Ng RK Kakar S and Maher JJ (2007)
Polyunsaturated fat in the methionine-choline-deficient diet influences
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1896
Lee JK N and Min DB (2004) Reactive Oxygen Species Aging and
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Lee KW Everts H Kappert HJ Yeom KH and Beynen AC (2003)
Dietary carvacrol lowers body weight gain but improves feed conversion in
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Lee SE Hwang HJ and HA JS (2003) Screening of medicinal plant
extracts for antioxidant activity Life Sci 73 167-179
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Lenhard JM (2007) Gottschalk WK (2002) Preclinical developmentsin
type 2 diabetes Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 54 1199ndash1212
Leung KK and Leung PS (2008) Effects of hyperglycemia on
angiotensin receptor type 1 expression and insulin secretion in an INS-1E
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Li H Wang QJ Zhu DN and Yang Y (2008) Reinioside C a
triterpene saponin of Polygala aureocauda Dunn exerts hypolipidemic effect
on hyperlipidemic mice Phytotherapy Research 22 159ndash164
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Food Chemistry 53(1) 103minus110
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Lieber CS Leo MA Mak KM Xu Y Cao Q Ren C
Ponomarenko A and DeCarli LM (2004) Model of nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 79(3) 502ndash509
Lin J Yang R Tarr PT Wu PH Handschin C and Li S (2005)
Hyperlipidemic effects of dietary saturated fats mediated through PGC-1β
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Lindor KD Dickson ER Baldus WP Jorgensen RA Ludwig J
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Lindor KD Kodley KV Heathcote EJ Harrison ME Jorgensen R and
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Liochev SI and Fridovich I (1994) The role of O2 in the production of
HO in vitro and in vivo Free Radical Biology and Medicine 16 29ndash36
Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Instructorlsquos Resource Parthlsquos
Pathophysiology Concepts of Altered Health States Seventh edition 2008
Liu C H Hung M T and Huang P C (1995) Source of triacylglycerol
accumulation in lives of rats fed a cholesterol-supplemented diet Lipids 30
527ndash531
Liu F and Ng TB (2000) Antioxidative and free radical scavenging
activities of selected medicinal herbs Life Sciences 66 725ndash735
Liu F Ooi VEC and Chang S T (1997) Free radical scavenging
activity of mushroom polysaccharide extracts Life Science 60 763-771
Liu L and Meydani M (2002) Combined vitamin C and E
supplementation retards early progression of arteriosclerosis in heart
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Lizardi-Cervera J and Aquilar-Zapata D (2009) Nonalcoholic fatty liver
disease and its association with cardiovascular disease 8 S40ndashS43
Lopez-Avila V L and A and Yefchak G (2009) Use of GC-QTOF MS to
identify unknown compounds in herbal extracts 1-4
Lopez-Garcia E Schulze MB Meigs JB Manson JE Rifai N and
Stampfer MJ (2005) l Consumption of trans fatty acids is related to plasma
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566
Louchami K Zhang Y Oguzhan B Delporte C Portois L and
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determination with the folinlsquos phenol reagent JBiolChem 193 265-275
Luck H (1974) In Methods in enzymatic analysisBer Acad N Y 885
Ludwig J Viggiano TR McGill DB and Ott BJ (1980) Non-alcoholic
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Mayo Clin Proc 55434-438
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Lyon CJ Law RE and Hsueh WA (2003) Minireview adiposity
inflammation and atherogenesis Endocrinology 144 2195ndash2200
Mabrouk GM Moselhy SS Zohny SF Ali EM Helal TE Amin
AA and Khalifa AA (2002) Inhibition of methylnitrosourea (MNU)
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Clinical Cancer Research 21 (3) 341ndash346
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Pharmacology 33 87-91
Mahmoud MR El-Abhar HS and Saleh S (2002) The effect of Nigella
sativa oil against the liver damage induced by Shistosoma mansoni infection
in mice Journal of Ethnopharmacology 79 1ndash11
Makino I Shinozaki K Yoshino K and Nakagawa S (1975)
Dissolution of cholesterol gallstones by long-term administration of
ursodeoxycholic acid Nippon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi 72 690ndash702
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Mallikharjuna PB Rajanna LN Seetharam YN and Sharanabasappa
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Medicinal Plant 4(4) 510-518
Manco M Calvani M and Mingrone G (2004) Effects of dietary fatty
acids on insulin sensitivity and secretion Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism
6 402ndash413
Manian R Anusuya N Siddhuraju P and Manian S (2008) The
antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging potential of two different
solvent extracts of Camellia sinensis (L) O Kuntz Ficus bengalensis L and
Ficus racemosa L Food Chemistry 107 1000ndash1007
Marchand LL Murphy SP Hankin JH Wilkens LR Kolonel LN
(2000) J Natl Cancer Inst 92 154
Marchesini G Bugianesi E Forlani G Cerrelli F Lenzi M Manini
R Natale S Vanni E Villanova N Melchionda N and Rizzetto M
(2003) Nonalcoholic fatty liver steatohepatitis and the metabolic syndrome
Hepatology 37 917ndash 923
Mari M Caballero F Colell A Morales A Caballeria J Fernandez
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Mitochondrial free cholesterol loading sensitizes to TNF and Fas-meidated
steatohepatitis Cell Metabolism 4 185ndash198
Marimuthu P Wu CL Chang HT and Chang ST (2008) Antioxidant
activity of the ethanolic extract from the bark of Chamaecyparis obtuse var
Formosana J Sci Food Agric 88
Mariod AA Ibrahim RM Ismail M and Ismail N (2009) Antioxidant
activity and phenolic content of phenolic rich fractions obtained from black
cumin (Nigella sativa) seedcake Food Chemistry 116 306ndash312
Maron DJ (2004) Flavonoids for reduction of atherosclerotic risk Curr
Atheroscler Rep 6 73-78
Marra F Gastaldelli A Svegliati Baroni G Tell G and Tiribelli C
(2008) Molecular basis and mechanisms of progression of non-alcoholic
steatohepatitis Trends Mol Med 14 72ndash81
Mason JS Morize I Menard PR Cheney DL Hulme C and
Labaudiniere RF (1999) J Med Chem 42 3251e3264
Mates JM Perez-Gomez C and Decastro IN (1999) Clin Chem 32
595-603
Matsuzawa N Takamura T Kurita S Misu H Ota T Ando H
Yokoyama M Honda M Zen Y Nakanuma Y Miyamoto K and
Kaneko S (2007) Lipid-induced oxidative stress causes steatohepatitis in
mice fed an atherogenic diet Hepatology 46 1392ndash1403
Matsuzawa Y Shimomura I Nakamura T Keno Y Kotani K and
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Matteoni C Younossi Z Gramlich T Boparai N and Liu Y (1999)
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Matthaei S StumvollM Kellerer M and Haring (2000) Endocr H-U
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Matthew Ricci (2008) NAFLD (Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease) A
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Matthew Cave Ion Deaciuc Christian Mendez Zhenyuan Song Swati
Joshi-Barve Shirish Barve Craig McClain (2007) Nonalcoholic fatty liver
disease predisposing factors and the role of nutrition Journal of Nutritional
Biochemistry 18 184ndash 195
Mavrelis PG Ammon HV Gleysteen JJ Komorowski RA and
Charaf UK (1983) Hepatic free fatty acids in alcoholic liver disease and
morbid obesity Hepatology 3 226ndash231
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Murray KR Graner KD Mayes AP and Rodwell WV Harperlsquos
Biochemistry Chap 53 Prentice-Hall International Inc 23rd
edition 588-
590
Mazur A Bayle D Lab C Rock E and Rayssiguier Y (1999)
Inhibitory effect of procyanidin-rich extracts on LDL oxidation in vitro
Atherosclerosis 145 421ndash422
McCay PB (1985) Vitamin E Interactions with free radicals and
ascorbate Ann Rev Nutr 5 323-340
McCullough AJ (2004) The clinical features diagnosis and natural history
of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Clinics in Liver Disease 8 521ndash533
McDougall GJ Dobson P Smith P Blake A and Stewart D (2005)
Assessing potential bioavallability of raspberry anthocyanins using an in
vitro digestion system Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53(15)
5896minus5904
Mehta B K Sharma U Pandit V Agrawal S Joshi N and Gupta M
(2008) Med Chem Res 17 462ndash473
Meng EC Shoichet BK and Kuntz ID (2004) Automated docking
with grid-based energy evaluation Journal of Computational Chemistry 13
(4) 505ndash524 doi101002jcc540130412
Merchant JR Bakshi VM and Engineer AB (1979) Chemical
investigation of fruits of Ficus glomerata Roxb Indian J Chem 17B 87ndash88
Mervat MM and Taie HAA (2009) Antioxidant activities total
anthocyanins phenolics and flavonoids contents of some sweet potato
genotypes under stress of different concentrations of sucrose and sorbito
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Meydani M (2000) Vitamin E and prevention of heart disease in high-risk
patients Nutr Rev 58 278-281
Meyer SA and Kulkarni AP (2001) Hepatotoxicity in Introduction to
biochemical toxicology 3rd
Edition edited by E Hodgson and R C Smart (A
John Wiley amp Sons Inc New York) 487
Mezzetti A Di Ilio C Calafiore AM Aceto A Marzio L Frederici G
and Cuccurullo F (1990) Glutathione peroxidase glutathione reductase and
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Michael Metz (2005) Liver function tests IMVS News letter 57
Michalak A (2006) Phenolic compounds and their antioxidant activity in
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523-530
Milagro FI Campioacuten J and Martiacutenez JA (2006) Weight gain induced
by high-fat feeding involves increased liver oxidative stress Obesity (Silver
Spring) 14 1118ndash1123
Miliauskas G Venskutonis PR and Van Beek TA (2004) Screening of
radical scavenging activity of some medicinal and aromatic plant extracts
Food Chemistry 85 231ndash237
Ming M Guanhua L Zhanhai Y Guang C and Xuan Z (2009) Effect
of the Lycium barbarum polysaccharides administration on blood lipid
metabolism and oxidative stress of mice fed high-fat diet in vivo Food
Chemistry 113 872ndash877
Misra A Khurana L Vikram NK Goel A and Wasir JS (2007)
Metabolic syndrome in children current issues and South Asian perspective
Nutrition 23(11ndash12)895ndash910
Misra A Misra R Wijesuriya M and Banerjee D (2007) The metabolic
syndrome in south Asians continuing escalation amp possible solutions Indian
J Med Res 125(3)345ndash54
Misra A Vikram NK (2004) Insulin resistance syndrome (metabolic
syndrome) and obesity in Asian Indians Evidence and implications
Nutrition 20482ndash491
Mithra SK Seshadri SJ Venkataranganna MV Gopumadhavan S
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formulation in galactosamine induced hepatopathy in rats Indian J Physiol
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Modi KP Patel NM and Goyal R K (2008) Estimation of L-topaf from
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mushroom against rat liver oxidative damage and fibrosis induced by CCL4
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Mohan V (2004) Why are Indians more prone to diabetes J Assoc Phys
India 52468ndash474
Mohan V and Deepa R (2006) Adipocytokines and The expanding Asian
Indian Phenotype J Assoc Physic Ind 54 685-6
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risk factor study Br J Nutr 100 (4) 890ndash895
Musso G Gambino R and Cassader M (2009) Recent insights into
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Progress in Lipid Research 48 1e26
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steatohepatitis Hepatology 37 909ndash16
Mythilypriya R Shanthi P and Sachdanandam P (2007) Oral acute and
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Nakamoto K Takayama F Mankura M Hidaka Y Egashira T and
Ogino T (2009) Beneficial effects of fermented green tea extract in a rat
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Nanji AA (2004b) Another animal model for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
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Nanji AA (2004a) Animal models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and
steatohepatitis Clinics in Liver Disease 8 (3) 559ndash574 (ix)
Neuhouser ML (2004) Flavonoids and cancer risk evidence from human
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Neuschwander-Tetri BA and Caldwell SH (2003) Nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis summary of an AASLD single topic conference Hepatology
371202ndash19
Newman DJ Cragg GM and Snader KM (2000) The influence of
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Nzowa LK Barboni L Teponno RB Ricciutelli M Lupidi G Luana
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Rheediinosides A and B two antiproliferative and antioxidant triterpene
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(Fam Verbanaceae) extrct in animals Afr J Biotecnol 8(9) 1793-1799
Ogbonnia S Adekunle AA Bosa MK and Enwuru VN (2008)
Evaluation of acute and subacute toxicity of Alstnia congensis Engler
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Oguzhan B Sancho V Acitores A Villanueva-Penacarrillo ML
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Okada Y Shibata S Ikekawa T Javellana AMJ and Kamo O (1987)
Entada saponin-III a saponin isolated from the bark of Entada phaseoloides
Phytochemistry 26 2789ndash2796
Okada Y Shibata S Javellana AMJ and Kamo O (1988) Entada
saponins (ES) II and IV from the bark of Entada phaseoloides Chemical and
Pharmaceutical Bulletin 36 1264ndash1269
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Oteiza PI Erlejman AG Verstraeten SV Keen CL and Fraga CG
(2005) Flavonoidndashmembrane interaction a protective role of flavonoids at
the membrane surface Clin Dev Immunol 12 (1) 19ndash25
Owen R W Giacosa A Hull W E Haubner R Spiegelhalder B and
Bartsh H (2000) The antioxidantanticancer potential of phenolic
compounds isolated from olive oil European Journal of Cancer 36 1235ndash
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Oyaizu M (1986) Studies on product of browning reaction prepared from
glucose amine Japanese Journal of Nutrition 44307-315
Ozcan U Cao Q Yilmaz E Lee AH Iwakoshi NN and Ozdelen E
(2004) Endoplasmic reticulum stress links obesity insulin action and type 2
diabetes Science 306457ndash61
Ozturk-Urek R Bozkaya LA and Tarhan L (2001) The effects of some
antioxidant vitamins and trace elements supplemented diets on activities of
SOD CAT GSH-Px and LPO levels in chicken tissues Cell Biochemistry
and Function 19 125ndash132
Pacheco-Alvarez D Solorzano-Vargas RS and Leon-Del-Rio A (2002)
Biotin in metabolism and its relationship tohuman disease Arch Med Res
33 439ndash447
Pacher P Beckman JS and Liaudet L (1997) (Nitric oxide and
peroxynitrite in health and disease Physiol Rev 87 (1) 315ndash424
Pacher P Beckman JS and Liaudet L (2007) Nitric oxide and
peroxynitrite In health and disease Physiological Reviews 87(1) 315ndash424
Paetau I Khachik F Brown ED Beecher GR Kramer TR and
Chittams J (1998a) Bioavailability of tomato carotenoids from lycopene-
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Pan HZ Zhang H Chang D Li H and Sui H (2008) The change of
oxidative stress products in diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy Br J
Ophthalmol 92 548ndash51
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tissue growth factor expression a potential mechanism involved in
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44
Paranjpe P (2001) Indian Medicinal Plants Forgotten Healers A Guide to
Ayurvedic Herbal Medicine Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratisthan Delhi p316
Park CH Yamabe N Noh JS Kang KS Tanaka T Yokozawa T
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and lipid metabolism in the liver of dbdb mice Biol Pharm Bull 32 1734ndash
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Parrotta JA (2006) Healing Plants of Peninsular India CABI Publishing
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Patchett AA and Nargund RP (2000) Annu Rep Med Chem 35
289e298
Pauly Nicolas Pucciariello C Mandon K Innocenti G Jamet A
Baudouin E Herouart D Frendo P and Puppo A (2006) Reactive
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Peach and Tracey MV (1955) In modern methods of plant analyse 4
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Perez C Canal JR and Torres MD (2003) Experimental diabetes treated
with Ficus carica extract effect on oxidative stress parameters Acta
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Perez-Amador MC Ocotero VM Castaneda JMG and Esquinca
ARG (2007) Alkaloids in Solanum torvum Sw (Solanaceae) International
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Perry G Cash AD Srinivas R and Smith MA (2002) Metals and
oxidative homeostasis in Alzheimerlsquos disease Drug Development and
Research 56 293ndash299
Pietta PG (2000) Flavonoids and antioxidants J Nat Prod 63 1035-
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Pignatelli P Pulcinelli FM and Lenti L (1998) Hydrogen Peroxide Is
Involved in Collagen-Induced Platelet Activation Blood 91 (2) 484-490
Pirola L Johnston AM Van Obberghen E (2004) Modulation of insulin
action Diabetologia 47170ndash84
Pitchersky E and Gang DR (2000) Genetics and biochemistry of
secondary metabolites in plants An evolutionary perspective Trends Plant
Sci 5 445-459
Pompella A Visvikis A and Paolicchi A (2003) The changing faces of
glutathione a cellular protagonist [J] Biochem Pharmacl 66(8) 1499-1503
Prasad K (2010) Effects of vitamin E on serum enzymes and electrolytes in
hypercholesterolemia Molecular Cellular Biochemistry 335 67ndash74
Prasamthi Muralidhara K and Rajini PS (2005) Fenvalerate-induced
oxidative damage in rat tissues and its attenuation by dietary sesame oil
Food Chem Toxicol 43 299ndash306
Pryor WA (1993) Measurement of oxidative stress status in humans
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2 289-292
Puppo A (1992) Effect of flavonoids on hydroxyl radical formation by
Fenton-type reactions influence of the iron chelator Phytochemistry 31
85ndash88
Rachna A and Abdelhaq R (2003) Redistribution of glucose-6-phosphate
dehydrogenase in response to cerebral ischemia in rat brain Indian J Clin
Biochem 18 64-70
Rahman NN Khan M and Hasan R (1994) Bioactive components from
Ficus glomerata Pure and Applied Chemistry 66 2287ndash2290
Rajesh MG and Latha MS (2004) Preliminary evaluation of the
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Ethanopharmacology 91 99-104
Rajkapoor B Anandan R and Jayakar B (2002) Anti-ulcer effect of
Nigella sativa Linn against gastric ulcers in rats Curr Sci 82 177ndash179
Ramadan MF (2007) Nutritional value functional properties and
nutraceutical applications of black cumin (Nigella sativa L) an overview
International Journal of Food Science and Technology 42 1208ndash1218
Ramadan MF and Moumlrsel JT (2004) Oxidative stability of black cumin
(Nigella sativa L) coriander (Coriandrum sativum L) and niger (Guizotia
abyssinica Cass) crude seed oils upon stripping Eur J Lipid Sci Technol
106 35ndash43
Randhawa MA and Al-Ghamdi MS (2002) A review of the
pharmacotherapeutic effects of Nigella sativa Pakistan Journal of Medical
Research 41 77ndash83
Rao BR Murugresan T Sinha S Saha BP Pal M and Mandal SC
(2002) Glucose lowering efficacy of Ficus racemosa barks extract in normal
and alloxan diabetic rats Phytotherapy Research 16 590ndash592
Rao CV Arti R Verma M Vijayakumar S Rastogi (2008)
Gastroprotective effect of standardized extract of Ficus glomerata fruit on
experimental gastric ulcers in rats Journal of Ethnopharmacology 115
323ndash326
Rao KS (2009) Free radical induced oxidative damage to DNA relation to
brain aging and neurological disorders Indian J Biochem Biophys 46 9ndash15
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
Evans C (1999) Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231ndash1237
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Evans C (1999) Antioxidant activity applying in an improved radical cation
decolorisation assay Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231-1237
Recknagel RO Glende EA JR Waller RL and Loery K (1982) Lipid
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710-723
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York Plenum Press 279-292
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ed New York Academic
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activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids J Free Radic Biol
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and antioxidant enzymes in diet-induced metabolic syndrome Metabolism
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Antioxidant properties of polyphenol-containing extract from soybean
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Antioxidative properties of xanthan on the autoxidation of soybean oil in
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Antioxidant effect of aqueous extract of the bark of Ficus bengalensis in
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Sun Q Ma J Campos H Hankinson SE Manson JE and Stampfer
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Wang Y Beydoun MA Liang L Caballero B and Kumanyika SK
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PMID 15046985
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Preparation and Pharmacological evaluation of plant material England John
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Wouters K van Gorp PJ Bieghs V Gijbels MJ Duimel H
Luumltjohann D Kerksiek A van Kruchten R Maeda N Staels B van
Bilsen M Shiri-Sverdlov R and Hofker MH (2008) Dietary cholesterol
rather than liver steatosis leads to hepatic inflammation in hyperlipidemic
mouse models of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Hepatology 48 474ndash486
Wymann MP and Schneiter R (2008) Lipid signalling in disease Nat
Rev Mol Cell Biol 9 162ndash176
Yamaguchi F Saito M Ariga T Yoshimura Y and Nakazawa H
(2000) Free radical scavenging activity of garcinol from Garcinia indica
fruit rind J Agri Food Chem 48 2320ndash2325
Yamaguchi K Yang L McCall S Huang J Yu XX Pandey SK
Bhanot S Monia BP Li YX and Diehl AM (2007) Inhibiting
triglyceride synthesis improves hepatic steatosis but exacerbates liver
damage and fibrosis in obese mice with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Hepatology 45 1366ndash1374
Yang H Roberts LJ Jian Shi M Chun Zhou Li Ballard BR
Richardson A and Zhong Mao Guo Z (2004) Retardation of
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dismutase and catalase in mice lacking apolipoprotein E Circ Res 95
1075ndash1081
Yang JS Lee SJ Park HW and Cha YS (2006) Effect of genistein
with carnitine administration on lipid parameters and obesity in C57Bl6J
mice fed a high-fat diet Journal of Medicinal Food 9 459ndash467
Yang RL Li W Shi YH and Le GW (2008) Lipoic acid prevents
high-fat dietndashinduced dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress A microarray
analysis Nutrition 24 582ndash588
Yang S Zhu H Li Y Lin H Gabrielson K Trush MA and Diehl
AM (2000) Mitochondrial adaptations to obesity-related oxidant stress
Arch Biochem Biophys 378 259-268
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Yao D Shi W Gou Y Zhou X Yee Aw T Zhou Y and Liu Z
(2005) Fatty acid-mediated intracellular iron translocation a synergistic
mechanism of oxidative injury Free Radic Biol Med 39(10) 1385ndash1398
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plasma of rats deficient in choline Biochem Cell Biol 68 552-558
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extracts in relation to their antimutagenicity J Agr Food Chem 43 27-32
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Role of adiponectin in the protective action of dietary saturated fat against
alcoholic fatty liver in mice Hepatology 42 568ndash577
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spontaneous lipid peroxidation following glutathione depletion Plant Med
43 240-245
Yu L Haley S Perret J Harris M Wilson J and Qian M (2002) Free
radical scavenging properties of wheat extracts J Agri Food Chem 50
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Yun SN Moon SJ Ko SK Im BO and Chung SH (2004) Wild
ginseng prevents the onset of high-fat diet induced hyperglycemia and
obesity in ICR mice Arch Pham Res 27 790ndash6
Zak B (1954) Cholesterol Methodologies A review Clin Chem 23 1201
Zhai S Dai R Friedman FK and Vestal RE (1998) Drug Metab
Dispos 26 989
Zhang HM Chen SW Zhang LS and Feng XF (2008) The effects of
soy isoflavone on insulin sensitivity and adipocytokines in insulin resistant
rats administered with high-fat diet Nat Prod Res 22 1637ndash1649
Zhang Z Apse K Pang J and Stanton RC (2000) High glucose inhibits
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase via cAMP in aortic endothelial cells J
Biol Chem 275 40042-40047
Zhao B (2009) Natural antioxidants protect neurons in Alzheimerlsquos disease
and Parkinsonlsquos disease Neurochem Res 34 630ndash8
Zheng S Hoos L Cook J Tetzloff G Harry DJ and Van Heek M
(2008) Ezetimibe improves high fat and cholesterol diet-induced non-
alcoholic fatty liver disease Vascular Health and Risk Management 4 235ndash
241
Zhu X Zhang W Pang X Wang J Zhao J and Qu W (2011)
Hypolipidaemic effect of n-butanol extract from Asparagus officinalis L in
mice fed a high-fat diet Phytotherapy Research 31 doi101002ptr3380
Zimmerman H J and Seeff L B (1970) Enzymes in hepatic disease In E
L Goodly (Ed) Diagnostic Enzymology (pp 1ndash38) Philadelphia USA
Lea amp Febiger
Zimmet P Shaw J and Alberti KG (2003) Preventing Type 2 Diabetes
and the Dysmetabolic Syndrome in the Real World a Realistic View Diabet
Med 20 693-702
Lee KS Buck M Houglum K and Chojkier M (1995) Activation of
hepatic stellate cells by TGF alpha and collagen type I is mediated by
oxidative stress through c-myb expression J Clin Invest 96 2461ndash2468
Lee KW Everts H Kappert HJ Yeom KH and Beynen AC (2003)
Dietary carvacrol lowers body weight gain but improves feed conversion in
female broiler chickens Journal of Applied Poultry Research 12 394ndash399
Lee SE Hwang HJ and HA JS (2003) Screening of medicinal plant
extracts for antioxidant activity Life Sci 73 167-179
Leeuenberg C and Ji LL (1995) Glutathione depletion in rested and
exercised mice Biochemical consequence and adaption Arch Biochem
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Lenhard JM (2007) Gottschalk WK (2002) Preclinical developmentsin
type 2 diabetes Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 54 1199ndash1212
Leung KK and Leung PS (2008) Effects of hyperglycemia on
angiotensin receptor type 1 expression and insulin secretion in an INS-1E
pancreatic beta-cell line JOP 9 290ndash299
Li H Wang QJ Zhu DN and Yang Y (2008) Reinioside C a
triterpene saponin of Polygala aureocauda Dunn exerts hypolipidemic effect
on hyperlipidemic mice Phytotherapy Research 22 159ndash164
Lichtenthaler R and Marx F (2005) Total oxidant scavenging capacities of
common European fruit and vegetable juices Journal of Agricultural and
Food Chemistry 53(1) 103minus110
Lieber CS (1997) Cytochrome P-4502E1 its physiological and
pathological role Physiol Rev 77 517ndash 44
Lieber CS Leo MA Mak KM Xu Y Cao Q Ren C
Ponomarenko A and DeCarli LM (2004) Model of nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 79(3) 502ndash509
Lin J Yang R Tarr PT Wu PH Handschin C and Li S (2005)
Hyperlipidemic effects of dietary saturated fats mediated through PGC-1β
coactivation of SREBP Cell 120261ndash73
Lindor KD Dickson ER Baldus WP Jorgensen RA Ludwig J
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SM (1994) Ursodeoxycholic acid in the treatment of primary biliary
cirrhosis Gastroenterology 106 1284ndash1290
Lindor KD Kodley KV Heathcote EJ Harrison ME Jorgensen R and
Angulo P (2004) Ursodeoxycholic for treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
results of a randomized trial Hepatology 39 770-8
Liochev SI and Fridovich I (1994) The role of O2 in the production of
HO in vitro and in vivo Free Radical Biology and Medicine 16 29ndash36
Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Instructorlsquos Resource Parthlsquos
Pathophysiology Concepts of Altered Health States Seventh edition 2008
Liu C H Hung M T and Huang P C (1995) Source of triacylglycerol
accumulation in lives of rats fed a cholesterol-supplemented diet Lipids 30
527ndash531
Liu F and Ng TB (2000) Antioxidative and free radical scavenging
activities of selected medicinal herbs Life Sciences 66 725ndash735
Liu F Ooi VEC and Chang S T (1997) Free radical scavenging
activity of mushroom polysaccharide extracts Life Science 60 763-771
Liu L and Meydani M (2002) Combined vitamin C and E
supplementation retards early progression of arteriosclerosis in heart
transplant patients Nutr Rev 60 368-371
Lizardi-Cervera J and Aquilar-Zapata D (2009) Nonalcoholic fatty liver
disease and its association with cardiovascular disease 8 S40ndashS43
Lopez-Avila V L and A and Yefchak G (2009) Use of GC-QTOF MS to
identify unknown compounds in herbal extracts 1-4
Lopez-Garcia E Schulze MB Meigs JB Manson JE Rifai N and
Stampfer MJ (2005) l Consumption of trans fatty acids is related to plasma
biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction J Nutr 135 562ndash
566
Louchami K Zhang Y Oguzhan B Delporte C Portois L and
Carpentier YA (2006) Rapid changes in liver lipid composition and
pancreatic islet K+ handling and secretory behaviour provoked by the
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Lowry OH Rosebrough NJ Farr AI and Randall RJ (1951) Protein
determination with the folinlsquos phenol reagent JBiolChem 193 265-275
Luck H (1974) In Methods in enzymatic analysisBer Acad N Y 885
Ludwig J Viggiano TR McGill DB and Ott BJ (1980) Non-alcoholic
steatohepatitis Mayo clinic experiences with a hitherto unnamed disease
Mayo Clin Proc 55434-438
Lugasi A Dworschak E Blazovics A and Kery A (1998) Antioxidant
and free radical scavenging properties of squeezed juice from black radish
(Raphanus sativus I Varniger) root Phytother Res 12 502-506
Lyon CJ Law RE and Hsueh WA (2003) Minireview adiposity
inflammation and atherogenesis Endocrinology 144 2195ndash2200
Mabrouk GM Moselhy SS Zohny SF Ali EM Helal TE Amin
AA and Khalifa AA (2002) Inhibition of methylnitrosourea (MNU)
induced oxidative stress and carcinogenesis by orally administered bee honey
and Nigella grains in Sprague Dawely rats Journal of Experimental and
Clinical Cancer Research 21 (3) 341ndash346
Madan MP Raghavan G Singh AK and Palpu P (2005) Free radical
scavenging potential of Saussarea costua Acta Pharm 55 297-304
Mahendran P and Devi CSS (2001) The modulating effect of Garicinia
cambogia extract on ethanol induced peroxidative damage in rats Indian J
Pharmacology 33 87-91
Mahmoud MR El-Abhar HS and Saleh S (2002) The effect of Nigella
sativa oil against the liver damage induced by Shistosoma mansoni infection
in mice Journal of Ethnopharmacology 79 1ndash11
Makino I Shinozaki K Yoshino K and Nakagawa S (1975)
Dissolution of cholesterol gallstones by long-term administration of
ursodeoxycholic acid Nippon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi 72 690ndash702
Malik EP Singh MB (1980) Plant Enzymology and Hittoenzymology
1st Edn Kalyani Publishers New Delhi 286
Mallikharjuna PB Rajanna LN Seetharam YN and Sharanabasappa
GK (2007) Phytochemical Studies of Strychnos potatorum LF A
Medicinal Plant 4(4) 510-518
Manco M Calvani M and Mingrone G (2004) Effects of dietary fatty
acids on insulin sensitivity and secretion Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism
6 402ndash413
Manian R Anusuya N Siddhuraju P and Manian S (2008) The
antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging potential of two different
solvent extracts of Camellia sinensis (L) O Kuntz Ficus bengalensis L and
Ficus racemosa L Food Chemistry 107 1000ndash1007
Marchand LL Murphy SP Hankin JH Wilkens LR Kolonel LN
(2000) J Natl Cancer Inst 92 154
Marchesini G Bugianesi E Forlani G Cerrelli F Lenzi M Manini
R Natale S Vanni E Villanova N Melchionda N and Rizzetto M
(2003) Nonalcoholic fatty liver steatohepatitis and the metabolic syndrome
Hepatology 37 917ndash 923
Mari M Caballero F Colell A Morales A Caballeria J Fernandez
A Enrich C Fernandez-Checa JC and Garcia-Ruiz C (2006)
Mitochondrial free cholesterol loading sensitizes to TNF and Fas-meidated
steatohepatitis Cell Metabolism 4 185ndash198
Marimuthu P Wu CL Chang HT and Chang ST (2008) Antioxidant
activity of the ethanolic extract from the bark of Chamaecyparis obtuse var
Formosana J Sci Food Agric 88
Mariod AA Ibrahim RM Ismail M and Ismail N (2009) Antioxidant
activity and phenolic content of phenolic rich fractions obtained from black
cumin (Nigella sativa) seedcake Food Chemistry 116 306ndash312
Maron DJ (2004) Flavonoids for reduction of atherosclerotic risk Curr
Atheroscler Rep 6 73-78
Marra F Gastaldelli A Svegliati Baroni G Tell G and Tiribelli C
(2008) Molecular basis and mechanisms of progression of non-alcoholic
steatohepatitis Trends Mol Med 14 72ndash81
Mason JS Morize I Menard PR Cheney DL Hulme C and
Labaudiniere RF (1999) J Med Chem 42 3251e3264
Mates JM Perez-Gomez C and Decastro IN (1999) Clin Chem 32
595-603
Matsuzawa N Takamura T Kurita S Misu H Ota T Ando H
Yokoyama M Honda M Zen Y Nakanuma Y Miyamoto K and
Kaneko S (2007) Lipid-induced oxidative stress causes steatohepatitis in
mice fed an atherogenic diet Hepatology 46 1392ndash1403
Matsuzawa Y Shimomura I Nakamura T Keno Y Kotani K and
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Matteoni C Younossi Z Gramlich T Boparai N and Liu Y (1999)
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Matthaei S StumvollM Kellerer M and Haring (2000) Endocr H-U
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Matthew Ricci (2008) NAFLD (Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease) A
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Matthew Cave Ion Deaciuc Christian Mendez Zhenyuan Song Swati
Joshi-Barve Shirish Barve Craig McClain (2007) Nonalcoholic fatty liver
disease predisposing factors and the role of nutrition Journal of Nutritional
Biochemistry 18 184ndash 195
Mavrelis PG Ammon HV Gleysteen JJ Komorowski RA and
Charaf UK (1983) Hepatic free fatty acids in alcoholic liver disease and
morbid obesity Hepatology 3 226ndash231
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Murray KR Graner KD Mayes AP and Rodwell WV Harperlsquos
Biochemistry Chap 53 Prentice-Hall International Inc 23rd
edition 588-
590
Mazur A Bayle D Lab C Rock E and Rayssiguier Y (1999)
Inhibitory effect of procyanidin-rich extracts on LDL oxidation in vitro
Atherosclerosis 145 421ndash422
McCay PB (1985) Vitamin E Interactions with free radicals and
ascorbate Ann Rev Nutr 5 323-340
McCullough AJ (2004) The clinical features diagnosis and natural history
of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Clinics in Liver Disease 8 521ndash533
McDougall GJ Dobson P Smith P Blake A and Stewart D (2005)
Assessing potential bioavallability of raspberry anthocyanins using an in
vitro digestion system Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53(15)
5896minus5904
Mehta B K Sharma U Pandit V Agrawal S Joshi N and Gupta M
(2008) Med Chem Res 17 462ndash473
Meng EC Shoichet BK and Kuntz ID (2004) Automated docking
with grid-based energy evaluation Journal of Computational Chemistry 13
(4) 505ndash524 doi101002jcc540130412
Merchant JR Bakshi VM and Engineer AB (1979) Chemical
investigation of fruits of Ficus glomerata Roxb Indian J Chem 17B 87ndash88
Mervat MM and Taie HAA (2009) Antioxidant activities total
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genotypes under stress of different concentrations of sucrose and sorbito
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Meydani M (2000) Vitamin E and prevention of heart disease in high-risk
patients Nutr Rev 58 278-281
Meyer SA and Kulkarni AP (2001) Hepatotoxicity in Introduction to
biochemical toxicology 3rd
Edition edited by E Hodgson and R C Smart (A
John Wiley amp Sons Inc New York) 487
Mezzetti A Di Ilio C Calafiore AM Aceto A Marzio L Frederici G
and Cuccurullo F (1990) Glutathione peroxidase glutathione reductase and
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Michalak A (2006) Phenolic compounds and their antioxidant activity in
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523-530
Milagro FI Campioacuten J and Martiacutenez JA (2006) Weight gain induced
by high-fat feeding involves increased liver oxidative stress Obesity (Silver
Spring) 14 1118ndash1123
Miliauskas G Venskutonis PR and Van Beek TA (2004) Screening of
radical scavenging activity of some medicinal and aromatic plant extracts
Food Chemistry 85 231ndash237
Ming M Guanhua L Zhanhai Y Guang C and Xuan Z (2009) Effect
of the Lycium barbarum polysaccharides administration on blood lipid
metabolism and oxidative stress of mice fed high-fat diet in vivo Food
Chemistry 113 872ndash877
Misra A Khurana L Vikram NK Goel A and Wasir JS (2007)
Metabolic syndrome in children current issues and South Asian perspective
Nutrition 23(11ndash12)895ndash910
Misra A Misra R Wijesuriya M and Banerjee D (2007) The metabolic
syndrome in south Asians continuing escalation amp possible solutions Indian
J Med Res 125(3)345ndash54
Misra A Vikram NK (2004) Insulin resistance syndrome (metabolic
syndrome) and obesity in Asian Indians Evidence and implications
Nutrition 20482ndash491
Mithra SK Seshadri SJ Venkataranganna MV Gopumadhavan S
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formulation in galactosamine induced hepatopathy in rats Indian J Physiol
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Mohamed and Azza M (2008) The ameliorative actions of Agaricus blazei
mushroom against rat liver oxidative damage and fibrosis induced by CCL4
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Mohan V (2004) Why are Indians more prone to diabetes J Assoc Phys
India 52468ndash474
Mohan V and Deepa R (2006) Adipocytokines and The expanding Asian
Indian Phenotype J Assoc Physic Ind 54 685-6
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Moon YJ Wang X Morris and ME (2006) Toxicol In Vitro 20 187
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Moss DW and Butterorth PJ (1974) Enzymology and Medicine London
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mortality in middle aged Finnishmen The Kuopio Ischaemic heart disease
risk factor study Br J Nutr 100 (4) 890ndash895
Musso G Gambino R and Cassader M (2009) Recent insights into
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Progress in Lipid Research 48 1e26
Musso G Gambino R and De Michieli F (2003) Dietary habits and their
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steatohepatitis Hepatology 37 909ndash16
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Nakamoto K Takayama F Mankura M Hidaka Y Egashira T and
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Nanji AA (2004b) Another animal model for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
how close to the human condition The American Journal of Clinical
Nutrition 79(3) 350ndash351
Nanji AA (2004a) Animal models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and
steatohepatitis Clinics in Liver Disease 8 (3) 559ndash574 (ix)
Neuhouser ML (2004) Flavonoids and cancer risk evidence from human
population studies Nutr Cancer 50 1-7
Neuschwander-Tetri BA and Caldwell SH (2003) Nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis summary of an AASLD single topic conference Hepatology
371202ndash19
Newman DJ Cragg GM and Snader KM (2000) The influence of
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Nickavar B Mojab F Javidnia K and Amoli M AR (2003) Chemical
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Lipids 99 11-19
Nsimba R Kikuzaki H and Konishi Y (2008) Antioxidant activity of
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Nzowa LK Barboni L Teponno RB Ricciutelli M Lupidi G Luana
Quassinti L Massimo Bramucci M and Tapondjou LA (2010)
Rheediinosides A and B two antiproliferative and antioxidant triterpene
saponins from Entada rheedii Phytochemistry 71 254ndash261
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carotenoids are more bioaccessible from fruits than dark green vegetables
Nutrition Research 27(5) 258minus264
Ogbonnia OS Nkemehule EF and Anyika NE (2009) Evaluation of
acute and subchronic toxicity of Stachytarpheta angustifola (Mill) Vahl
(Fam Verbanaceae) extrct in animals Afr J Biotecnol 8(9) 1793-1799
Ogbonnia S Adekunle AA Bosa MK and Enwuru VN (2008)
Evaluation of acute and subacute toxicity of Alstnia congensis Engler
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705
Oguzhan B Sancho V Acitores A Villanueva-Penacarrillo ML
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Okada Y Shibata S Ikekawa T Javellana AMJ and Kamo O (1987)
Entada saponin-III a saponin isolated from the bark of Entada phaseoloides
Phytochemistry 26 2789ndash2796
Okada Y Shibata S Javellana AMJ and Kamo O (1988) Entada
saponins (ES) II and IV from the bark of Entada phaseoloides Chemical and
Pharmaceutical Bulletin 36 1264ndash1269
Olszewska M (2007) Quantitative HPLC analysis of flavonoids and
chlorogenic acid in the leaves and inflorescences of Prunus serotina Ehrh
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Postharvest Biochemistry of Plant Food-Materials in Tropics Japan
Scientific Society Press Tokyo 241-251
Oteiza PI Erlejman AG Verstraeten SV Keen CL and Fraga CG
(2005) Flavonoidndashmembrane interaction a protective role of flavonoids at
the membrane surface Clin Dev Immunol 12 (1) 19ndash25
Owen R W Giacosa A Hull W E Haubner R Spiegelhalder B and
Bartsh H (2000) The antioxidantanticancer potential of phenolic
compounds isolated from olive oil European Journal of Cancer 36 1235ndash
1247
Oyaizu M (1986) Studies on product of browning reaction prepared from
glucose amine Japanese Journal of Nutrition 44307-315
Ozcan U Cao Q Yilmaz E Lee AH Iwakoshi NN and Ozdelen E
(2004) Endoplasmic reticulum stress links obesity insulin action and type 2
diabetes Science 306457ndash61
Ozturk-Urek R Bozkaya LA and Tarhan L (2001) The effects of some
antioxidant vitamins and trace elements supplemented diets on activities of
SOD CAT GSH-Px and LPO levels in chicken tissues Cell Biochemistry
and Function 19 125ndash132
Pacheco-Alvarez D Solorzano-Vargas RS and Leon-Del-Rio A (2002)
Biotin in metabolism and its relationship tohuman disease Arch Med Res
33 439ndash447
Pacher P Beckman JS and Liaudet L (1997) (Nitric oxide and
peroxynitrite in health and disease Physiol Rev 87 (1) 315ndash424
Pacher P Beckman JS and Liaudet L (2007) Nitric oxide and
peroxynitrite In health and disease Physiological Reviews 87(1) 315ndash424
Paetau I Khachik F Brown ED Beecher GR Kramer TR and
Chittams J (1998a) Bioavailability of tomato carotenoids from lycopene-
rich tomato juice and lycopene supplements The FASEB Journal 12(4)
A544minusA
Pan HZ Zhang H Chang D Li H and Sui H (2008) The change of
oxidative stress products in diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy Br J
Ophthalmol 92 548ndash51
Paradis V Perlemuter G Bonvoust F Dargere D Parfait B and
Vidaud M (2001) High glucose and hyperinsulinemia stimulate connective
tissue growth factor expression a potential mechanism involved in
progression to fibrosis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Hepatology 34738ndash
44
Paranjpe P (2001) Indian Medicinal Plants Forgotten Healers A Guide to
Ayurvedic Herbal Medicine Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratisthan Delhi p316
Park CH Yamabe N Noh JS Kang KS Tanaka T Yokozawa T
(2009b) The beneficial effects of morroniside on the inflammatory response
and lipid metabolism in the liver of dbdb mice Biol Pharm Bull 32 1734ndash
1740
Parrotta JA (2006) Healing Plants of Peninsular India CABI Publishing
523ndash524
Patchett AA and Nargund RP (2000) Annu Rep Med Chem 35
289e298
Pauly Nicolas Pucciariello C Mandon K Innocenti G Jamet A
Baudouin E Herouart D Frendo P and Puppo A (2006) Reactive
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Rhizobium symbiosis Journal of Experimental Botany 57 (8) 1769-76
Peach and Tracey MV (1955) In modern methods of plant analyse 4
373-374
Perez C Canal JR and Torres MD (2003) Experimental diabetes treated
with Ficus carica extract effect on oxidative stress parameters Acta
Diabetologica 40 3ndash8
Perez-Amador MC Ocotero VM Castaneda JMG and Esquinca
ARG (2007) Alkaloids in Solanum torvum Sw (Solanaceae) International
Journal of Experimental Botany 76 39-45
Perry G Cash AD Srinivas R and Smith MA (2002) Metals and
oxidative homeostasis in Alzheimerlsquos disease Drug Development and
Research 56 293ndash299
Pietta PG (2000) Flavonoids and antioxidants J Nat Prod 63 1035-
1042
Pignatelli P Pulcinelli FM and Lenti L (1998) Hydrogen Peroxide Is
Involved in Collagen-Induced Platelet Activation Blood 91 (2) 484-490
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action Diabetologia 47170ndash84
Pitchersky E and Gang DR (2000) Genetics and biochemistry of
secondary metabolites in plants An evolutionary perspective Trends Plant
Sci 5 445-459
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glutathione a cellular protagonist [J] Biochem Pharmacl 66(8) 1499-1503
Prasad K (2010) Effects of vitamin E on serum enzymes and electrolytes in
hypercholesterolemia Molecular Cellular Biochemistry 335 67ndash74
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oxidative damage in rat tissues and its attenuation by dietary sesame oil
Food Chem Toxicol 43 299ndash306
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Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2 289-292
Puppo A (1992) Effect of flavonoids on hydroxyl radical formation by
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dehydrogenase in response to cerebral ischemia in rat brain Indian J Clin
Biochem 18 64-70
Rahman NN Khan M and Hasan R (1994) Bioactive components from
Ficus glomerata Pure and Applied Chemistry 66 2287ndash2290
Rajesh MG and Latha MS (2004) Preliminary evaluation of the
antihepatotoxic activity of Kamilari a polyherbal formulation J
Ethanopharmacology 91 99-104
Rajkapoor B Anandan R and Jayakar B (2002) Anti-ulcer effect of
Nigella sativa Linn against gastric ulcers in rats Curr Sci 82 177ndash179
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nutraceutical applications of black cumin (Nigella sativa L) an overview
International Journal of Food Science and Technology 42 1208ndash1218
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(Nigella sativa L) coriander (Coriandrum sativum L) and niger (Guizotia
abyssinica Cass) crude seed oils upon stripping Eur J Lipid Sci Technol
106 35ndash43
Randhawa MA and Al-Ghamdi MS (2002) A review of the
pharmacotherapeutic effects of Nigella sativa Pakistan Journal of Medical
Research 41 77ndash83
Rao BR Murugresan T Sinha S Saha BP Pal M and Mandal SC
(2002) Glucose lowering efficacy of Ficus racemosa barks extract in normal
and alloxan diabetic rats Phytotherapy Research 16 590ndash592
Rao CV Arti R Verma M Vijayakumar S Rastogi (2008)
Gastroprotective effect of standardized extract of Ficus glomerata fruit on
experimental gastric ulcers in rats Journal of Ethnopharmacology 115
323ndash326
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brain aging and neurological disorders Indian J Biochem Biophys 46 9ndash15
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
Evans C (1999) Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231ndash1237
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Evans C (1999) Antioxidant activity applying in an improved radical cation
decolorisation assay Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231-1237
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toxicology in the liver edited by G L Plea and W R Hewilt (Raven press
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induced response of photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism in higher
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and benzyl adenine and dark- treated graving rice (Oryza sativa) leaves II
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710-723
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ed New York Academic
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activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids J Free Radic Biol
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Rinella ME Elias MS Smolak RR Fu T Borensztajn J and Green
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methionine choline-deficient diet J Lipid Res 491068ndash76
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and antioxidant enzymes in diet-induced metabolic syndrome Metabolism
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Capoccia D Incani M Maglio C Iacovino M OlsquoRahilly S and Baroni
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Antioxidant properties of polyphenol-containing extract from soybean
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expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in a high fat-induced
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Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 63(3) 127minus133
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antioxidant activities of various solvent extracts of Carissa opaca fruits
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Gastroenterology 123 1705ndash1725
Sanyal AJ Campbell-Sargent C Mirshahi F Rizzo WB Contos MJ
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Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis association of insulin resistance and
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Antioxidant effect of aqueous extract of the bark of Ficus bengalensis in
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Singh M Govindarajan R Nath V Singh RAK and Mehrotra S
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Sudhahar V Kumar SA and Varalakshmi P (2006) Role of lupeol and
lupeol linoleate on lipemicndashoxidative stress in experimental
hypercholesterolemia Life Science 78 1329ndash1335
Sun Q Ma J Campos H Hankinson SE Manson JE and Stampfer
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Suresh PS Kumar A Kumar R and Singh VP (2008) An in silico
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J Mol Graph Model 26 (5) 845ndash9 doi101016jjmgm200705005
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Tapondjou AL Miyamoto T Mirjolet JF Guilbaud N and Lacaille-
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Targher G Bertolini L Padovani R Poli F Scala L Zenari L
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The natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver a follow-up study
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Tetri LH Basaranoglu M Brunt EM Yerian LM and Neuschwander-
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Tiwari O P and Tripathi Y B (2007) Antioxidant properties of different
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hepatic steatosis (fatty liver) on severity and composition of dyslipidemia in
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Tomomichi Chonan Hiroaki Tanaka Daisuke Yamamoto Miyoko Yashiro
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piperidinyl)-piperazine derivatives as potent acetyl-CoA carboxylase
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induced changes in body mass and hypothalamic gene expression in wild-
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Trivedi CP Shinde S and Sharma RC (1969) Preliminary
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Tundis R Bonesi M Deguin B Loizzo MR Menichini F Conforti F
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Eclalbatin triterpine saponins from Eclipta alba J Asian Nat Prod Res 3
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Upasani CD and Balaraman R (2001) Effect of vitamin e vitamin C and
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Urquiaga I and Leighton F (2000) Plant polyphenol antioxidants and
oxidative stress Biol Res Biol 33(2) 55ndash64
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Valko M Leibfritz D Moncol J Cronin MT Mazur M and Telser J
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Valko M Rhodes CJ Moncol J Izakovic M and Mazur M (2006)
Free radicals metals and antioxidants in oxidative stress-induced cancer
Chem-Biol Interact 10 1ndash40
Van den Berg R Haenen GRMM Van den Berg H and Bast A
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Varela-Rey M Embade N Ariz U Lu SC Mato JM and Martinez-
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Understanding the human disease The International Journal of Biochemistry
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Venkat Ratnam D Ankolaa D Bhardwaja V Sahanaa DK and Ravi
Kumar MNV (2007) Role of antioxidants in prophylaxis and therapy a
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Venukumar MR and Latha MS (2004) Effect of Coscinium fenestratum
on hepatotoxicity in rats Indian J of Exp Bio 42 792-97
Verma A Vijayakumar M Chandana V Rao Chandra S and Mathela
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protective activity of green fruit of Ficus glomerata Food and Chemical
Toxicology 48 704ndash709
Verma S and Singh SP (2008) Current and future status of herbal
medicines Vet World 1 347ndash50
Vetelainen R van Vliet A and vcan Gulik TM (2007) Essential
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Vichnvetskaia KD and Roy DN (2001) Oxidative stress and
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Videla LA Rodrigo R Orellana M Fernandez V Tapia G Quintildeones
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F Burdiles P Diaz JC Smok G Thielemann L and Poniachik J
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Villanova N Moscatiello S and Ramillis S (2005) Endothelial
dysfunction and cardiovascular risk profile in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Am J Gastroenterol 99 1497ndash1502
Vinson JA Zubik L Bose P Samman N Proch J (2005) Dried fruits
excellent invitro and in vivo antioxidants Journal of the American College of
Nutrition 24 44ndash50
Viuda-Martos M Navajas Y R Zapata E S Fernandez-Lopez J and
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spice plants widely used in a Mediterranean diet Flavour and Fragrance
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antioxidative status in human cutaneous lishmaniasis Cell Biochem Funct
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Wakil SJ Stoops JK and Joshi VC (1983) Fatty acid synthesis and its
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Wang J Li J Zou Y Chenga W Lu C Zhang L Gea J Huanga C
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effects of total flavonoids of Litsea coreana leve on hepatic steatosis in rats
fed with high fat diet Journal of Ethnopharmacology 121 54ndash60
Wang K Zhang Y and Yang C (2005) Antioxidant phenolic compounds
from rhizomes of Polygonum paleaceum Journal of Ethnopharmacology
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Wang LF and Zhang HY (2003) A theoretical investigation on DPPH
radical-scavenging mechanism of Edaravone Bioorg Med Chem Lett 13
3789ndash3792
Wang X and Quinn P (1999) Vitamin E and its function in membranes
Prog Lipid Res 38(4) 309-336
Wang Y Beydoun MA Liang L Caballero B and Kumanyika SK
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2323ndash2330
Wasan KM Najafi S Wong J and Kwong M (2001) Assessing plasma
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PMID 15046985
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Physiology 128 379ndash391
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Preparation and Pharmacological evaluation of plant material England John
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Wouters K van Gorp PJ Bieghs V Gijbels MJ Duimel H
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Bilsen M Shiri-Sverdlov R and Hofker MH (2008) Dietary cholesterol
rather than liver steatosis leads to hepatic inflammation in hyperlipidemic
mouse models of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Hepatology 48 474ndash486
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Rev Mol Cell Biol 9 162ndash176
Yamaguchi F Saito M Ariga T Yoshimura Y and Nakazawa H
(2000) Free radical scavenging activity of garcinol from Garcinia indica
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Yamaguchi K Yang L McCall S Huang J Yu XX Pandey SK
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triglyceride synthesis improves hepatic steatosis but exacerbates liver
damage and fibrosis in obese mice with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Hepatology 45 1366ndash1374
Yang H Roberts LJ Jian Shi M Chun Zhou Li Ballard BR
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Yang JS Lee SJ Park HW and Cha YS (2006) Effect of genistein
with carnitine administration on lipid parameters and obesity in C57Bl6J
mice fed a high-fat diet Journal of Medicinal Food 9 459ndash467
Yang RL Li W Shi YH and Le GW (2008) Lipoic acid prevents
high-fat dietndashinduced dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress A microarray
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Yang S Zhu H Li Y Lin H Gabrielson K Trush MA and Diehl
AM (2000) Mitochondrial adaptations to obesity-related oxidant stress
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Yao D Shi W Gou Y Zhou X Yee Aw T Zhou Y and Liu Z
(2005) Fatty acid-mediated intracellular iron translocation a synergistic
mechanism of oxidative injury Free Radic Biol Med 39(10) 1385ndash1398
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Role of adiponectin in the protective action of dietary saturated fat against
alcoholic fatty liver in mice Hepatology 42 568ndash577
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spontaneous lipid peroxidation following glutathione depletion Plant Med
43 240-245
Yu L Haley S Perret J Harris M Wilson J and Qian M (2002) Free
radical scavenging properties of wheat extracts J Agri Food Chem 50
1619ndash1624
Yun SN Moon SJ Ko SK Im BO and Chung SH (2004) Wild
ginseng prevents the onset of high-fat diet induced hyperglycemia and
obesity in ICR mice Arch Pham Res 27 790ndash6
Zak B (1954) Cholesterol Methodologies A review Clin Chem 23 1201
Zhai S Dai R Friedman FK and Vestal RE (1998) Drug Metab
Dispos 26 989
Zhang HM Chen SW Zhang LS and Feng XF (2008) The effects of
soy isoflavone on insulin sensitivity and adipocytokines in insulin resistant
rats administered with high-fat diet Nat Prod Res 22 1637ndash1649
Zhang Z Apse K Pang J and Stanton RC (2000) High glucose inhibits
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase via cAMP in aortic endothelial cells J
Biol Chem 275 40042-40047
Zhao B (2009) Natural antioxidants protect neurons in Alzheimerlsquos disease
and Parkinsonlsquos disease Neurochem Res 34 630ndash8
Zheng S Hoos L Cook J Tetzloff G Harry DJ and Van Heek M
(2008) Ezetimibe improves high fat and cholesterol diet-induced non-
alcoholic fatty liver disease Vascular Health and Risk Management 4 235ndash
241
Zhu X Zhang W Pang X Wang J Zhao J and Qu W (2011)
Hypolipidaemic effect of n-butanol extract from Asparagus officinalis L in
mice fed a high-fat diet Phytotherapy Research 31 doi101002ptr3380
Zimmerman H J and Seeff L B (1970) Enzymes in hepatic disease In E
L Goodly (Ed) Diagnostic Enzymology (pp 1ndash38) Philadelphia USA
Lea amp Febiger
Zimmet P Shaw J and Alberti KG (2003) Preventing Type 2 Diabetes
and the Dysmetabolic Syndrome in the Real World a Realistic View Diabet
Med 20 693-702
Lindor KD Kodley KV Heathcote EJ Harrison ME Jorgensen R and
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results of a randomized trial Hepatology 39 770-8
Liochev SI and Fridovich I (1994) The role of O2 in the production of
HO in vitro and in vivo Free Radical Biology and Medicine 16 29ndash36
Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Instructorlsquos Resource Parthlsquos
Pathophysiology Concepts of Altered Health States Seventh edition 2008
Liu C H Hung M T and Huang P C (1995) Source of triacylglycerol
accumulation in lives of rats fed a cholesterol-supplemented diet Lipids 30
527ndash531
Liu F and Ng TB (2000) Antioxidative and free radical scavenging
activities of selected medicinal herbs Life Sciences 66 725ndash735
Liu F Ooi VEC and Chang S T (1997) Free radical scavenging
activity of mushroom polysaccharide extracts Life Science 60 763-771
Liu L and Meydani M (2002) Combined vitamin C and E
supplementation retards early progression of arteriosclerosis in heart
transplant patients Nutr Rev 60 368-371
Lizardi-Cervera J and Aquilar-Zapata D (2009) Nonalcoholic fatty liver
disease and its association with cardiovascular disease 8 S40ndashS43
Lopez-Avila V L and A and Yefchak G (2009) Use of GC-QTOF MS to
identify unknown compounds in herbal extracts 1-4
Lopez-Garcia E Schulze MB Meigs JB Manson JE Rifai N and
Stampfer MJ (2005) l Consumption of trans fatty acids is related to plasma
biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction J Nutr 135 562ndash
566
Louchami K Zhang Y Oguzhan B Delporte C Portois L and
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Lowry OH Rosebrough NJ Farr AI and Randall RJ (1951) Protein
determination with the folinlsquos phenol reagent JBiolChem 193 265-275
Luck H (1974) In Methods in enzymatic analysisBer Acad N Y 885
Ludwig J Viggiano TR McGill DB and Ott BJ (1980) Non-alcoholic
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Mayo Clin Proc 55434-438
Lugasi A Dworschak E Blazovics A and Kery A (1998) Antioxidant
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(Raphanus sativus I Varniger) root Phytother Res 12 502-506
Lyon CJ Law RE and Hsueh WA (2003) Minireview adiposity
inflammation and atherogenesis Endocrinology 144 2195ndash2200
Mabrouk GM Moselhy SS Zohny SF Ali EM Helal TE Amin
AA and Khalifa AA (2002) Inhibition of methylnitrosourea (MNU)
induced oxidative stress and carcinogenesis by orally administered bee honey
and Nigella grains in Sprague Dawely rats Journal of Experimental and
Clinical Cancer Research 21 (3) 341ndash346
Madan MP Raghavan G Singh AK and Palpu P (2005) Free radical
scavenging potential of Saussarea costua Acta Pharm 55 297-304
Mahendran P and Devi CSS (2001) The modulating effect of Garicinia
cambogia extract on ethanol induced peroxidative damage in rats Indian J
Pharmacology 33 87-91
Mahmoud MR El-Abhar HS and Saleh S (2002) The effect of Nigella
sativa oil against the liver damage induced by Shistosoma mansoni infection
in mice Journal of Ethnopharmacology 79 1ndash11
Makino I Shinozaki K Yoshino K and Nakagawa S (1975)
Dissolution of cholesterol gallstones by long-term administration of
ursodeoxycholic acid Nippon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi 72 690ndash702
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Mallikharjuna PB Rajanna LN Seetharam YN and Sharanabasappa
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Medicinal Plant 4(4) 510-518
Manco M Calvani M and Mingrone G (2004) Effects of dietary fatty
acids on insulin sensitivity and secretion Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism
6 402ndash413
Manian R Anusuya N Siddhuraju P and Manian S (2008) The
antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging potential of two different
solvent extracts of Camellia sinensis (L) O Kuntz Ficus bengalensis L and
Ficus racemosa L Food Chemistry 107 1000ndash1007
Marchand LL Murphy SP Hankin JH Wilkens LR Kolonel LN
(2000) J Natl Cancer Inst 92 154
Marchesini G Bugianesi E Forlani G Cerrelli F Lenzi M Manini
R Natale S Vanni E Villanova N Melchionda N and Rizzetto M
(2003) Nonalcoholic fatty liver steatohepatitis and the metabolic syndrome
Hepatology 37 917ndash 923
Mari M Caballero F Colell A Morales A Caballeria J Fernandez
A Enrich C Fernandez-Checa JC and Garcia-Ruiz C (2006)
Mitochondrial free cholesterol loading sensitizes to TNF and Fas-meidated
steatohepatitis Cell Metabolism 4 185ndash198
Marimuthu P Wu CL Chang HT and Chang ST (2008) Antioxidant
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Formosana J Sci Food Agric 88
Mariod AA Ibrahim RM Ismail M and Ismail N (2009) Antioxidant
activity and phenolic content of phenolic rich fractions obtained from black
cumin (Nigella sativa) seedcake Food Chemistry 116 306ndash312
Maron DJ (2004) Flavonoids for reduction of atherosclerotic risk Curr
Atheroscler Rep 6 73-78
Marra F Gastaldelli A Svegliati Baroni G Tell G and Tiribelli C
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Mates JM Perez-Gomez C and Decastro IN (1999) Clin Chem 32
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Matsuzawa N Takamura T Kurita S Misu H Ota T Ando H
Yokoyama M Honda M Zen Y Nakanuma Y Miyamoto K and
Kaneko S (2007) Lipid-induced oxidative stress causes steatohepatitis in
mice fed an atherogenic diet Hepatology 46 1392ndash1403
Matsuzawa Y Shimomura I Nakamura T Keno Y Kotani K and
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Matteoni C Younossi Z Gramlich T Boparai N and Liu Y (1999)
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Matthaei S StumvollM Kellerer M and Haring (2000) Endocr H-U
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Matthew Ricci (2008) NAFLD (Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease) A
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Matthew Cave Ion Deaciuc Christian Mendez Zhenyuan Song Swati
Joshi-Barve Shirish Barve Craig McClain (2007) Nonalcoholic fatty liver
disease predisposing factors and the role of nutrition Journal of Nutritional
Biochemistry 18 184ndash 195
Mavrelis PG Ammon HV Gleysteen JJ Komorowski RA and
Charaf UK (1983) Hepatic free fatty acids in alcoholic liver disease and
morbid obesity Hepatology 3 226ndash231
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Murray KR Graner KD Mayes AP and Rodwell WV Harperlsquos
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edition 588-
590
Mazur A Bayle D Lab C Rock E and Rayssiguier Y (1999)
Inhibitory effect of procyanidin-rich extracts on LDL oxidation in vitro
Atherosclerosis 145 421ndash422
McCay PB (1985) Vitamin E Interactions with free radicals and
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McCullough AJ (2004) The clinical features diagnosis and natural history
of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Clinics in Liver Disease 8 521ndash533
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vitro digestion system Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53(15)
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Mehta B K Sharma U Pandit V Agrawal S Joshi N and Gupta M
(2008) Med Chem Res 17 462ndash473
Meng EC Shoichet BK and Kuntz ID (2004) Automated docking
with grid-based energy evaluation Journal of Computational Chemistry 13
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Merchant JR Bakshi VM and Engineer AB (1979) Chemical
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Meydani M (2000) Vitamin E and prevention of heart disease in high-risk
patients Nutr Rev 58 278-281
Meyer SA and Kulkarni AP (2001) Hepatotoxicity in Introduction to
biochemical toxicology 3rd
Edition edited by E Hodgson and R C Smart (A
John Wiley amp Sons Inc New York) 487
Mezzetti A Di Ilio C Calafiore AM Aceto A Marzio L Frederici G
and Cuccurullo F (1990) Glutathione peroxidase glutathione reductase and
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Milagro FI Campioacuten J and Martiacutenez JA (2006) Weight gain induced
by high-fat feeding involves increased liver oxidative stress Obesity (Silver
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Miliauskas G Venskutonis PR and Van Beek TA (2004) Screening of
radical scavenging activity of some medicinal and aromatic plant extracts
Food Chemistry 85 231ndash237
Ming M Guanhua L Zhanhai Y Guang C and Xuan Z (2009) Effect
of the Lycium barbarum polysaccharides administration on blood lipid
metabolism and oxidative stress of mice fed high-fat diet in vivo Food
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Misra A Khurana L Vikram NK Goel A and Wasir JS (2007)
Metabolic syndrome in children current issues and South Asian perspective
Nutrition 23(11ndash12)895ndash910
Misra A Misra R Wijesuriya M and Banerjee D (2007) The metabolic
syndrome in south Asians continuing escalation amp possible solutions Indian
J Med Res 125(3)345ndash54
Misra A Vikram NK (2004) Insulin resistance syndrome (metabolic
syndrome) and obesity in Asian Indians Evidence and implications
Nutrition 20482ndash491
Mithra SK Seshadri SJ Venkataranganna MV Gopumadhavan S
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Mohamed and Azza M (2008) The ameliorative actions of Agaricus blazei
mushroom against rat liver oxidative damage and fibrosis induced by CCL4
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Mohan V (2004) Why are Indians more prone to diabetes J Assoc Phys
India 52468ndash474
Mohan V and Deepa R (2006) Adipocytokines and The expanding Asian
Indian Phenotype J Assoc Physic Ind 54 685-6
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risk factor study Br J Nutr 100 (4) 890ndash895
Musso G Gambino R and Cassader M (2009) Recent insights into
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steatohepatitis Hepatology 37 909ndash16
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Nakamoto K Takayama F Mankura M Hidaka Y Egashira T and
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Nanji AA (2004b) Another animal model for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
how close to the human condition The American Journal of Clinical
Nutrition 79(3) 350ndash351
Nanji AA (2004a) Animal models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and
steatohepatitis Clinics in Liver Disease 8 (3) 559ndash574 (ix)
Neuhouser ML (2004) Flavonoids and cancer risk evidence from human
population studies Nutr Cancer 50 1-7
Neuschwander-Tetri BA and Caldwell SH (2003) Nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis summary of an AASLD single topic conference Hepatology
371202ndash19
Newman DJ Cragg GM and Snader KM (2000) The influence of
natural products upon drug discovery Nat Prod Rep 17 175-285
Nickavar B Mojab F Javidnia K and Amoli M AR (2003) Chemical
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Nsimba R Kikuzaki H and Konishi Y (2008) Antioxidant activity of
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Nzowa LK Barboni L Teponno RB Ricciutelli M Lupidi G Luana
Quassinti L Massimo Bramucci M and Tapondjou LA (2010)
Rheediinosides A and B two antiproliferative and antioxidant triterpene
saponins from Entada rheedii Phytochemistry 71 254ndash261
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Nutrition Research 27(5) 258minus264
Ogbonnia OS Nkemehule EF and Anyika NE (2009) Evaluation of
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(Fam Verbanaceae) extrct in animals Afr J Biotecnol 8(9) 1793-1799
Ogbonnia S Adekunle AA Bosa MK and Enwuru VN (2008)
Evaluation of acute and subacute toxicity of Alstnia congensis Engler
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705
Oguzhan B Sancho V Acitores A Villanueva-Penacarrillo ML
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Okada Y Shibata S Ikekawa T Javellana AMJ and Kamo O (1987)
Entada saponin-III a saponin isolated from the bark of Entada phaseoloides
Phytochemistry 26 2789ndash2796
Okada Y Shibata S Javellana AMJ and Kamo O (1988) Entada
saponins (ES) II and IV from the bark of Entada phaseoloides Chemical and
Pharmaceutical Bulletin 36 1264ndash1269
Olszewska M (2007) Quantitative HPLC analysis of flavonoids and
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Postharvest Biochemistry of Plant Food-Materials in Tropics Japan
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Oteiza PI Erlejman AG Verstraeten SV Keen CL and Fraga CG
(2005) Flavonoidndashmembrane interaction a protective role of flavonoids at
the membrane surface Clin Dev Immunol 12 (1) 19ndash25
Owen R W Giacosa A Hull W E Haubner R Spiegelhalder B and
Bartsh H (2000) The antioxidantanticancer potential of phenolic
compounds isolated from olive oil European Journal of Cancer 36 1235ndash
1247
Oyaizu M (1986) Studies on product of browning reaction prepared from
glucose amine Japanese Journal of Nutrition 44307-315
Ozcan U Cao Q Yilmaz E Lee AH Iwakoshi NN and Ozdelen E
(2004) Endoplasmic reticulum stress links obesity insulin action and type 2
diabetes Science 306457ndash61
Ozturk-Urek R Bozkaya LA and Tarhan L (2001) The effects of some
antioxidant vitamins and trace elements supplemented diets on activities of
SOD CAT GSH-Px and LPO levels in chicken tissues Cell Biochemistry
and Function 19 125ndash132
Pacheco-Alvarez D Solorzano-Vargas RS and Leon-Del-Rio A (2002)
Biotin in metabolism and its relationship tohuman disease Arch Med Res
33 439ndash447
Pacher P Beckman JS and Liaudet L (1997) (Nitric oxide and
peroxynitrite in health and disease Physiol Rev 87 (1) 315ndash424
Pacher P Beckman JS and Liaudet L (2007) Nitric oxide and
peroxynitrite In health and disease Physiological Reviews 87(1) 315ndash424
Paetau I Khachik F Brown ED Beecher GR Kramer TR and
Chittams J (1998a) Bioavailability of tomato carotenoids from lycopene-
rich tomato juice and lycopene supplements The FASEB Journal 12(4)
A544minusA
Pan HZ Zhang H Chang D Li H and Sui H (2008) The change of
oxidative stress products in diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy Br J
Ophthalmol 92 548ndash51
Paradis V Perlemuter G Bonvoust F Dargere D Parfait B and
Vidaud M (2001) High glucose and hyperinsulinemia stimulate connective
tissue growth factor expression a potential mechanism involved in
progression to fibrosis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Hepatology 34738ndash
44
Paranjpe P (2001) Indian Medicinal Plants Forgotten Healers A Guide to
Ayurvedic Herbal Medicine Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratisthan Delhi p316
Park CH Yamabe N Noh JS Kang KS Tanaka T Yokozawa T
(2009b) The beneficial effects of morroniside on the inflammatory response
and lipid metabolism in the liver of dbdb mice Biol Pharm Bull 32 1734ndash
1740
Parrotta JA (2006) Healing Plants of Peninsular India CABI Publishing
523ndash524
Patchett AA and Nargund RP (2000) Annu Rep Med Chem 35
289e298
Pauly Nicolas Pucciariello C Mandon K Innocenti G Jamet A
Baudouin E Herouart D Frendo P and Puppo A (2006) Reactive
oxygen and nitrogen species and glutathione key players in the legume-
Rhizobium symbiosis Journal of Experimental Botany 57 (8) 1769-76
Peach and Tracey MV (1955) In modern methods of plant analyse 4
373-374
Perez C Canal JR and Torres MD (2003) Experimental diabetes treated
with Ficus carica extract effect on oxidative stress parameters Acta
Diabetologica 40 3ndash8
Perez-Amador MC Ocotero VM Castaneda JMG and Esquinca
ARG (2007) Alkaloids in Solanum torvum Sw (Solanaceae) International
Journal of Experimental Botany 76 39-45
Perry G Cash AD Srinivas R and Smith MA (2002) Metals and
oxidative homeostasis in Alzheimerlsquos disease Drug Development and
Research 56 293ndash299
Pietta PG (2000) Flavonoids and antioxidants J Nat Prod 63 1035-
1042
Pignatelli P Pulcinelli FM and Lenti L (1998) Hydrogen Peroxide Is
Involved in Collagen-Induced Platelet Activation Blood 91 (2) 484-490
Pirola L Johnston AM Van Obberghen E (2004) Modulation of insulin
action Diabetologia 47170ndash84
Pitchersky E and Gang DR (2000) Genetics and biochemistry of
secondary metabolites in plants An evolutionary perspective Trends Plant
Sci 5 445-459
Pompella A Visvikis A and Paolicchi A (2003) The changing faces of
glutathione a cellular protagonist [J] Biochem Pharmacl 66(8) 1499-1503
Prasad K (2010) Effects of vitamin E on serum enzymes and electrolytes in
hypercholesterolemia Molecular Cellular Biochemistry 335 67ndash74
Prasamthi Muralidhara K and Rajini PS (2005) Fenvalerate-induced
oxidative damage in rat tissues and its attenuation by dietary sesame oil
Food Chem Toxicol 43 299ndash306
Pryor WA (1993) Measurement of oxidative stress status in humans
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2 289-292
Puppo A (1992) Effect of flavonoids on hydroxyl radical formation by
Fenton-type reactions influence of the iron chelator Phytochemistry 31
85ndash88
Rachna A and Abdelhaq R (2003) Redistribution of glucose-6-phosphate
dehydrogenase in response to cerebral ischemia in rat brain Indian J Clin
Biochem 18 64-70
Rahman NN Khan M and Hasan R (1994) Bioactive components from
Ficus glomerata Pure and Applied Chemistry 66 2287ndash2290
Rajesh MG and Latha MS (2004) Preliminary evaluation of the
antihepatotoxic activity of Kamilari a polyherbal formulation J
Ethanopharmacology 91 99-104
Rajkapoor B Anandan R and Jayakar B (2002) Anti-ulcer effect of
Nigella sativa Linn against gastric ulcers in rats Curr Sci 82 177ndash179
Ramadan MF (2007) Nutritional value functional properties and
nutraceutical applications of black cumin (Nigella sativa L) an overview
International Journal of Food Science and Technology 42 1208ndash1218
Ramadan MF and Moumlrsel JT (2004) Oxidative stability of black cumin
(Nigella sativa L) coriander (Coriandrum sativum L) and niger (Guizotia
abyssinica Cass) crude seed oils upon stripping Eur J Lipid Sci Technol
106 35ndash43
Randhawa MA and Al-Ghamdi MS (2002) A review of the
pharmacotherapeutic effects of Nigella sativa Pakistan Journal of Medical
Research 41 77ndash83
Rao BR Murugresan T Sinha S Saha BP Pal M and Mandal SC
(2002) Glucose lowering efficacy of Ficus racemosa barks extract in normal
and alloxan diabetic rats Phytotherapy Research 16 590ndash592
Rao CV Arti R Verma M Vijayakumar S Rastogi (2008)
Gastroprotective effect of standardized extract of Ficus glomerata fruit on
experimental gastric ulcers in rats Journal of Ethnopharmacology 115
323ndash326
Rao KS (2009) Free radical induced oxidative damage to DNA relation to
brain aging and neurological disorders Indian J Biochem Biophys 46 9ndash15
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
Evans C (1999) Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231ndash1237
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
Evans C (1999) Antioxidant activity applying in an improved radical cation
decolorisation assay Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231-1237
Recknagel RO Glende EA JR Waller RL and Loery K (1982) Lipid
peroxidation ndashBiochemistry measurement and signified in liver cell injury in
toxicology in the liver edited by G L Plea and W R Hewilt (Raven press
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induced response of photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism in higher
plants J Plant Physiol 161(11) 1189-1202
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and benzyl adenine and dark- treated graving rice (Oryza sativa) leaves II
Changes in peroxidases activity Plant Cell Physiol 26 987- 994
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710-723
Reitman S Frankel S (1957) Amer JClin Path 2856
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York Plenum Press 279-292
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(eds) Standard methods of clinical chemistry 6th
ed New York Academic
press 6 215-222
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activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids J Free Radic Biol
Med 20 933ndash956
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Rinella ME Elias MS Smolak RR Fu T Borensztajn J and Green
RM (2008) Mechanisms of hepatic steatosis in mice fed a lipogenic
methionine choline-deficient diet J Lipid Res 491068ndash76
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efficacies of Cassia fistula An Indian labrum African Journal of Pharmacy
and Pharmacology 3(6) 287-292
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Roberts CK Barnard RJ Sindhu RK Jurczak M Ehdaie A and
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and antioxidant enzymes in diet-induced metabolic syndrome Metabolism
55 928ndash934
Robertson G Leclercq I and Farrell GC (2001) Nonalcoholic steatosis
and steatohepatitis II Cytochrome P-450 enzymes and oxidative stress
American Journal of Physiology Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 281
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oxidative stress on catalase and MnSOD gene transcription in astrocytes
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Romeo S Sentinelli F Dash S Yeo GS Savage DB Leonetti F
Capoccia D Incani M Maglio C Iacovino M OlsquoRahilly S and Baroni
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Antioxidant properties of polyphenol-containing extract from soybean
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820
Rosenberg HR (1992) Chemistry and Physiology of the citamins Inter
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Carlos J Pirolab and Silvia Sookoiana (2009) Losartan reduces liver
expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in a high fat-induced
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protective effect of Calotropis procera against alloxan-induced diabetics in
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Ryan L OConnell O OSullivan L Aherne SA and OBrien NM
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Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 63(3) 127minus133
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Sagi Y and Youdim MBH (2008) The neuroprotective effect of
ladostigil against hydrogen peroxide-mediated cytotoxicity Chem-Biol
Interact 175 318ndash26
Sahai A Malladi P Melin-Aldana H Green RM and Whitington PF
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antioxidant activities of various solvent extracts of Carissa opaca fruits
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Sairam K Rao ChV Babu MD Kumar V Agarwal VK and Goel
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Samuel VT Liu ZX Qu X Elder BD Bilz S Befroy D Romanelli
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of globalisation Indian JGastroenterol 20 215-216
Sanyal AJ (2002) GA technical review on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Gastroenterology 123 1705ndash1725
Sanyal AJ Campbell-Sargent C Mirshahi F Rizzo WB Contos MJ
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Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis association of insulin resistance and
mitochondrial abnormalities Gastroenterology 120 (5) 1183ndash1192
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22- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method Food Chemistry 112 654ndash658
Schrauwen P (2007) High-fat diet muscular lipotoxicity and insulin
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Scott MD Lubin BH Zuo L and Kuypers FA (1991) Erythrocyte
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Sharma SK and Gupta VK (2008) PHCOG MAGRearch article In vitro
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Sharma P and Dubey RSH (2005) Drought induces stress and enhances
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Antioxidative properties of xanthan on the autoxidation of soybean oil in
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Shimizu MH Araujo M Borges SM De Tolassa EM and Seguro
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failure Exp Gerontol 39 825-830
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Shukla R Gupta S Gambhir JK Prabhu KM and Murthy PS (2004)
Antioxidant effect of aqueous extract of the bark of Ficus bengalensis in
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Phytochemical and antioxidant characterization of Hypericum perforatum
alcoholic extracts Food Chemistry 90 157ndash167
Singanan V Singana M and Begum H (2007) The hepatoprotective
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International J Science and Technology 2(2) 83-92
Singh M Govindarajan R Nath V Singh RAK and Mehrotra S
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Ethanopharamacology 107 67-72
Singh R Wang Y Schattenberg JM Xiang Y and Czaja MJ (2009)
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Singh SP Nayak S and Swain M (2004) Prevalence of non-alcoholic
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Sirisha N Sreenivasulu M Sangeeta K and Madhusudhana Chetty C
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Plant Source Oxford and IBH Publishing Co Pvt Ltd New Delhi India
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Smirnoff N (2001) ―L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis Vitam Horm 61 241-
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Smirnoff N Cumbes QJ (1989) Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of
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Solga S Alkhuraishe AR and Clark JM (2004) Dietary composition
and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Dig Dis Sci 491578ndash83
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saponin of yam (Dioscorea spp) on high-cholesterol fed rats Bioscience
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Song BJ Moon KH and Olsson NU (2008) Prevention of alcoholic
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Song Y Manson JE Buring JE Sesso HD and Liu S (2005) J Am
Coll Nutr 24 376e384
Sookoian S Castanlsquoo GO Burguenlsquoo AL Gianotti TF Risselli MS
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Spolarics Z and Meyenhofer M (2000) Augmented resistance to oxidative
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curcuminoids Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 49 105ndash107
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Stadlbauer V Fickert P Lackner C Schmerlaib J Krisper P Trauner
M and Stauber RE (2005) Hepatotoxicity of NONI juice Report of two
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Stanner SA Hughes J Kelly CN and Buttriss JA (2004) Review of
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Stickel F and Schuppan D (2007) Herbal medicine in the treatment of
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Med Hypotheses 60 567-572
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Theilmann L (1994) Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on liver and bile duct
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Sudhahar V Kumar SA and Varalakshmi P (2006) Role of lupeol and
lupeol linoleate on lipemicndashoxidative stress in experimental
hypercholesterolemia Life Science 78 1329ndash1335
Sun Q Ma J Campos H Hankinson SE Manson JE and Stampfer
MJ (2007) A prospective study of trans fatty acids in erythrocytes and risk
of coronary heart disease Circulation 115 1858ndash1865
Sun WY Wei W Wu L Gui SY and Wang H (2007) Effects and
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membranaceus on liver fibrosis induced by CCl4 in rats J
Ethanopharmacol 112 514-524
Suntress ZA and Sheck PN (1995) Prevention of lung injury by
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Suresh PS Kumar A Kumar R and Singh VP (2008) An in silico
[correction of insilico] approach to bioremediation laccase as a case study
J Mol Graph Model 26 (5) 845ndash9 doi101016jjmgm200705005
PMID 17606396
Swanr JC and Connor WE (1975) Hypercholesterolemia of total
starvation its mechanism via tissue mobilization of cholesterol
AmJPhysiol 229 365-369
Szczeklik A Gryglewski RJ Domagala B Dworski R and Basista M
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Szeto YT Tomlinson B and Benzie IF (2002) Total antioxidant and
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Tapondjou AL Miyamoto T Mirjolet JF Guilbaud N and Lacaille-
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pursaetha Journal of Natural Products 68 1185ndash1190
Targher G Bertolini L Padovani R Poli F Scala L Zenari L
Zoppini G and Falezza G (2006) Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is
associated with carotid artery wall thickness in diet-controlled type 2 diabetic
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critical role of free radicals London
Teli MR James OF Burt AD Bennett MK and Day CP (1995)
The natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver a follow-up study
Hepatology 22 1714ndash1719
Tetri LH Basaranoglu M Brunt EM Yerian LM and Neuschwander-
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in mice fed trans fats and a high-fructose corn syrup equivalent Am J
Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 295 G987ndashG995
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varieties cumin black cumin and bitter cumin on antioxidant systems Eur
Food Res Technol 220 472ndash476
Tietge UJ Boker KH Bahr MJ Weinberg S Pichlmayr R Schmidt
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Tilak Khanal Jae Ho Choi Yong Pil Hwang Young Chul Chung Hye
Gwang Jeong (2009) Protective effects of saponins from the root of
Platycodon grandiflorum against fatty liver in chronic ethanol feeding via the
activation of AMP-dependent protein kinase Food and Chemical
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Ting LP (1982) Plant physiology Addison Wesley Services in Life
Sciences New York USA
Tiwari O P and Tripathi Y B (2007) Antioxidant properties of different
fractions of Vitex negundo Linn Food Chemistry 100 1170ndash1176
Toledo FGS Sniderman AD and Kelley DE (2006) Influence of
hepatic steatosis (fatty liver) on severity and composition of dyslipidemia in
type 2 diabetes Diabetes Care 29 1845ndash50
Tomomichi Chonan Hiroaki Tanaka Daisuke Yamamoto Miyoko Yashiro
Takahiro Oi Daisuke Wakasugi Ayumi Ohoka-Sugita Fusayo Io Hiroko
Koretsune Akira Hiratate (2010) Design and synthesis of disubstituted (4-
piperidinyl)-piperazine derivatives as potent acetyl-CoA carboxylase
inhibitors Bioorganic amp Medicinal Chemistry Letters 20 3965ndash3968
Townsend KL Lorenzi MM and Widmaier EP (2008) High-fat diet-
induced changes in body mass and hypothalamic gene expression in wild-
type and leptindeficient mice Endocrine 33 176ndash188
Trenam CW Blake DR and Morris CJ (1992) Skin inflammation
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Trinder P (1969) Ann Clin Biochem 6 24
Trivedi CP Shinde S and Sharma RC (1969) Preliminary
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(Gular) Indian J Med Res 57 (6) 1070ndash1074
Tuck KL and Hayball PJ (2002) Major phenolic compounds in olive oil
metabolism and health effects Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 13 636ndash
644
Tundis R Bonesi M Deguin B Loizzo MR Menichini F Conforti F
and Menichini F (2009) Cytotoxic activity and inhibitory effect on nitric
oxide production of triterpene saponins from the roots of Physospermum
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Chemistry 17 4542ndash4547
Uchida K (2003) 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal a product and mediator of
oxidative stress Prog Lipid Res 42 318-343
Upadhyay RK Pandey MB Jha RN and Pandey VB (2001)
Eclalbatin triterpine saponins from Eclipta alba J Asian Nat Prod Res 3
213-217
Upasani CD and Balaraman R (2001) Effect of vitamin e vitamin C and
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organs of rats exposed to lead Indian J Pharm 33 185-191
Urmila Thatte (2004) Challenges in clinical research on Herbs Indian
JNat Prod 19 (1) 35-36
Urquiaga I and Leighton F (2000) Plant polyphenol antioxidants and
oxidative stress Biol Res Biol 33(2) 55ndash64
Ur-Rahman A Sohail M Ahmed S Iqbal Choudhary M and Ur-
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Valko M Leibfritz D Moncol J Cronin MT Mazur M and Telser J
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Valko M Rhodes CJ Moncol J Izakovic M and Mazur M (2006)
Free radicals metals and antioxidants in oxidative stress-induced cancer
Chem-Biol Interact 10 1ndash40
Van den Berg R Haenen GRMM Van den Berg H and Bast A
(1999) Applicability of an improved Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity
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Varela-Rey M Embade N Ariz U Lu SC Mato JM and Martinez-
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Understanding the human disease The International Journal of Biochemistry
and Cell Biology 41 969ndash976
Venkat Ratnam D Ankolaa D Bhardwaja V Sahanaa DK and Ravi
Kumar MNV (2007) Role of antioxidants in prophylaxis and therapy a
pharmaceutical perspective Journal of Controlled Release 113(3) 189-207
Venukumar MR and Latha MS (2004) Effect of Coscinium fenestratum
on hepatotoxicity in rats Indian J of Exp Bio 42 792-97
Verma A Vijayakumar M Chandana V Rao Chandra S and Mathela
(2010) In vitro and In vivo antioxidant properties and DNA damage
protective activity of green fruit of Ficus glomerata Food and Chemical
Toxicology 48 704ndash709
Verma S and Singh SP (2008) Current and future status of herbal
medicines Vet World 1 347ndash50
Vetelainen R van Vliet A and vcan Gulik TM (2007) Essential
pathogenic and metabolic differences in steatosis induced by choline or
methionine-choline deficient diets in a rat model J Gastroenterol Hepatol
221526-1533
Vichnvetskaia KD and Roy DN (2001) Oxidative stress and
antioxidative defence with an emphasis on plants antioxidants Environ Rev
7 31-35
Videla LA Rodrigo R Orellana M Fernandez V Tapia G Quintildeones
L Varela N Contreras J Lazarte R Csendes A Rojas J Maluenda
F Burdiles P Diaz JC Smok G Thielemann L and Poniachik J
(2004) Oxidative stress-related parameters in the liver of non-alcoholic fatty
liver disease patients Clin Sci (Lond) 106 261-268
Villanova N Moscatiello S and Ramillis S (2005) Endothelial
dysfunction and cardiovascular risk profile in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Am J Gastroenterol 99 1497ndash1502
Vinson JA Zubik L Bose P Samman N Proch J (2005) Dried fruits
excellent invitro and in vivo antioxidants Journal of the American College of
Nutrition 24 44ndash50
Viuda-Martos M Navajas Y R Zapata E S Fernandez-Lopez J and
Perez-Alvarez J A (2010) Antioxidant activity of essential oils of five
spice plants widely used in a Mediterranean diet Flavour and Fragrance
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Vural H Aksoy N and Ozbilge H (2004) Alterations of oxidative
antioxidative status in human cutaneous lishmaniasis Cell Biochem Funct
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Wakil SJ Stoops JK and Joshi VC (1983) Fatty acid synthesis and its
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Wang J Li J Zou Y Chenga W Lu C Zhang L Gea J Huanga C
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Wang K Zhang Y and Yang C (2005) Antioxidant phenolic compounds
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Wang LF and Zhang HY (2003) A theoretical investigation on DPPH
radical-scavenging mechanism of Edaravone Bioorg Med Chem Lett 13
3789ndash3792
Wang X and Quinn P (1999) Vitamin E and its function in membranes
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Wang Y Beydoun MA Liang L Caballero B and Kumanyika SK
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2323ndash2330
Wasan KM Najafi S Wong J and Kwong M (2001) Assessing plasma
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Lipidol 19 92ndash4
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Rev Mol Cell Biol 9 162ndash176
Yamaguchi F Saito M Ariga T Yoshimura Y and Nakazawa H
(2000) Free radical scavenging activity of garcinol from Garcinia indica
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Yamaguchi K Yang L McCall S Huang J Yu XX Pandey SK
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Yang H Roberts LJ Jian Shi M Chun Zhou Li Ballard BR
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Yang JS Lee SJ Park HW and Cha YS (2006) Effect of genistein
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Yang RL Li W Shi YH and Le GW (2008) Lipoic acid prevents
high-fat dietndashinduced dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress A microarray
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Yang S Zhu H Li Y Lin H Gabrielson K Trush MA and Diehl
AM (2000) Mitochondrial adaptations to obesity-related oxidant stress
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Yao D Shi W Gou Y Zhou X Yee Aw T Zhou Y and Liu Z
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mechanism of oxidative injury Free Radic Biol Med 39(10) 1385ndash1398
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Younes M (1981) Inhibitory action of some flavonoids on enhanced
spontaneous lipid peroxidation following glutathione depletion Plant Med
43 240-245
Yu L Haley S Perret J Harris M Wilson J and Qian M (2002) Free
radical scavenging properties of wheat extracts J Agri Food Chem 50
1619ndash1624
Yun SN Moon SJ Ko SK Im BO and Chung SH (2004) Wild
ginseng prevents the onset of high-fat diet induced hyperglycemia and
obesity in ICR mice Arch Pham Res 27 790ndash6
Zak B (1954) Cholesterol Methodologies A review Clin Chem 23 1201
Zhai S Dai R Friedman FK and Vestal RE (1998) Drug Metab
Dispos 26 989
Zhang HM Chen SW Zhang LS and Feng XF (2008) The effects of
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Zhang Z Apse K Pang J and Stanton RC (2000) High glucose inhibits
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase via cAMP in aortic endothelial cells J
Biol Chem 275 40042-40047
Zhao B (2009) Natural antioxidants protect neurons in Alzheimerlsquos disease
and Parkinsonlsquos disease Neurochem Res 34 630ndash8
Zheng S Hoos L Cook J Tetzloff G Harry DJ and Van Heek M
(2008) Ezetimibe improves high fat and cholesterol diet-induced non-
alcoholic fatty liver disease Vascular Health and Risk Management 4 235ndash
241
Zhu X Zhang W Pang X Wang J Zhao J and Qu W (2011)
Hypolipidaemic effect of n-butanol extract from Asparagus officinalis L in
mice fed a high-fat diet Phytotherapy Research 31 doi101002ptr3380
Zimmerman H J and Seeff L B (1970) Enzymes in hepatic disease In E
L Goodly (Ed) Diagnostic Enzymology (pp 1ndash38) Philadelphia USA
Lea amp Febiger
Zimmet P Shaw J and Alberti KG (2003) Preventing Type 2 Diabetes
and the Dysmetabolic Syndrome in the Real World a Realistic View Diabet
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Ludwig J Viggiano TR McGill DB and Ott BJ (1980) Non-alcoholic
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Mayo Clin Proc 55434-438
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Lyon CJ Law RE and Hsueh WA (2003) Minireview adiposity
inflammation and atherogenesis Endocrinology 144 2195ndash2200
Mabrouk GM Moselhy SS Zohny SF Ali EM Helal TE Amin
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Clinical Cancer Research 21 (3) 341ndash346
Madan MP Raghavan G Singh AK and Palpu P (2005) Free radical
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Mahmoud MR El-Abhar HS and Saleh S (2002) The effect of Nigella
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in mice Journal of Ethnopharmacology 79 1ndash11
Makino I Shinozaki K Yoshino K and Nakagawa S (1975)
Dissolution of cholesterol gallstones by long-term administration of
ursodeoxycholic acid Nippon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi 72 690ndash702
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Mallikharjuna PB Rajanna LN Seetharam YN and Sharanabasappa
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Manco M Calvani M and Mingrone G (2004) Effects of dietary fatty
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6 402ndash413
Manian R Anusuya N Siddhuraju P and Manian S (2008) The
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solvent extracts of Camellia sinensis (L) O Kuntz Ficus bengalensis L and
Ficus racemosa L Food Chemistry 107 1000ndash1007
Marchand LL Murphy SP Hankin JH Wilkens LR Kolonel LN
(2000) J Natl Cancer Inst 92 154
Marchesini G Bugianesi E Forlani G Cerrelli F Lenzi M Manini
R Natale S Vanni E Villanova N Melchionda N and Rizzetto M
(2003) Nonalcoholic fatty liver steatohepatitis and the metabolic syndrome
Hepatology 37 917ndash 923
Mari M Caballero F Colell A Morales A Caballeria J Fernandez
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Mitochondrial free cholesterol loading sensitizes to TNF and Fas-meidated
steatohepatitis Cell Metabolism 4 185ndash198
Marimuthu P Wu CL Chang HT and Chang ST (2008) Antioxidant
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Mariod AA Ibrahim RM Ismail M and Ismail N (2009) Antioxidant
activity and phenolic content of phenolic rich fractions obtained from black
cumin (Nigella sativa) seedcake Food Chemistry 116 306ndash312
Maron DJ (2004) Flavonoids for reduction of atherosclerotic risk Curr
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Marra F Gastaldelli A Svegliati Baroni G Tell G and Tiribelli C
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Mates JM Perez-Gomez C and Decastro IN (1999) Clin Chem 32
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Matsuzawa N Takamura T Kurita S Misu H Ota T Ando H
Yokoyama M Honda M Zen Y Nakanuma Y Miyamoto K and
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Matsuzawa Y Shimomura I Nakamura T Keno Y Kotani K and
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Matteoni C Younossi Z Gramlich T Boparai N and Liu Y (1999)
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Matthew Ricci (2008) NAFLD (Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease) A
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Matthew Cave Ion Deaciuc Christian Mendez Zhenyuan Song Swati
Joshi-Barve Shirish Barve Craig McClain (2007) Nonalcoholic fatty liver
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Biochemistry 18 184ndash 195
Mavrelis PG Ammon HV Gleysteen JJ Komorowski RA and
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Mazur A Bayle D Lab C Rock E and Rayssiguier Y (1999)
Inhibitory effect of procyanidin-rich extracts on LDL oxidation in vitro
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McCay PB (1985) Vitamin E Interactions with free radicals and
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of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Clinics in Liver Disease 8 521ndash533
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vitro digestion system Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53(15)
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Mehta B K Sharma U Pandit V Agrawal S Joshi N and Gupta M
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Meng EC Shoichet BK and Kuntz ID (2004) Automated docking
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Meydani M (2000) Vitamin E and prevention of heart disease in high-risk
patients Nutr Rev 58 278-281
Meyer SA and Kulkarni AP (2001) Hepatotoxicity in Introduction to
biochemical toxicology 3rd
Edition edited by E Hodgson and R C Smart (A
John Wiley amp Sons Inc New York) 487
Mezzetti A Di Ilio C Calafiore AM Aceto A Marzio L Frederici G
and Cuccurullo F (1990) Glutathione peroxidase glutathione reductase and
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Milagro FI Campioacuten J and Martiacutenez JA (2006) Weight gain induced
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Miliauskas G Venskutonis PR and Van Beek TA (2004) Screening of
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Ming M Guanhua L Zhanhai Y Guang C and Xuan Z (2009) Effect
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Misra A Khurana L Vikram NK Goel A and Wasir JS (2007)
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Nutrition 23(11ndash12)895ndash910
Misra A Misra R Wijesuriya M and Banerjee D (2007) The metabolic
syndrome in south Asians continuing escalation amp possible solutions Indian
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Misra A Vikram NK (2004) Insulin resistance syndrome (metabolic
syndrome) and obesity in Asian Indians Evidence and implications
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Mithra SK Seshadri SJ Venkataranganna MV Gopumadhavan S
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Nanji AA (2004b) Another animal model for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
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Nanji AA (2004a) Animal models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and
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Neuschwander-Tetri BA and Caldwell SH (2003) Nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis summary of an AASLD single topic conference Hepatology
371202ndash19
Newman DJ Cragg GM and Snader KM (2000) The influence of
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Rheediinosides A and B two antiproliferative and antioxidant triterpene
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Ogbonnia S Adekunle AA Bosa MK and Enwuru VN (2008)
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Oguzhan B Sancho V Acitores A Villanueva-Penacarrillo ML
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Okada Y Shibata S Ikekawa T Javellana AMJ and Kamo O (1987)
Entada saponin-III a saponin isolated from the bark of Entada phaseoloides
Phytochemistry 26 2789ndash2796
Okada Y Shibata S Javellana AMJ and Kamo O (1988) Entada
saponins (ES) II and IV from the bark of Entada phaseoloides Chemical and
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Olszewska M (2007) Quantitative HPLC analysis of flavonoids and
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Oteiza PI Erlejman AG Verstraeten SV Keen CL and Fraga CG
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the membrane surface Clin Dev Immunol 12 (1) 19ndash25
Owen R W Giacosa A Hull W E Haubner R Spiegelhalder B and
Bartsh H (2000) The antioxidantanticancer potential of phenolic
compounds isolated from olive oil European Journal of Cancer 36 1235ndash
1247
Oyaizu M (1986) Studies on product of browning reaction prepared from
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Ozcan U Cao Q Yilmaz E Lee AH Iwakoshi NN and Ozdelen E
(2004) Endoplasmic reticulum stress links obesity insulin action and type 2
diabetes Science 306457ndash61
Ozturk-Urek R Bozkaya LA and Tarhan L (2001) The effects of some
antioxidant vitamins and trace elements supplemented diets on activities of
SOD CAT GSH-Px and LPO levels in chicken tissues Cell Biochemistry
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Pacheco-Alvarez D Solorzano-Vargas RS and Leon-Del-Rio A (2002)
Biotin in metabolism and its relationship tohuman disease Arch Med Res
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Pacher P Beckman JS and Liaudet L (1997) (Nitric oxide and
peroxynitrite in health and disease Physiol Rev 87 (1) 315ndash424
Pacher P Beckman JS and Liaudet L (2007) Nitric oxide and
peroxynitrite In health and disease Physiological Reviews 87(1) 315ndash424
Paetau I Khachik F Brown ED Beecher GR Kramer TR and
Chittams J (1998a) Bioavailability of tomato carotenoids from lycopene-
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Pan HZ Zhang H Chang D Li H and Sui H (2008) The change of
oxidative stress products in diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy Br J
Ophthalmol 92 548ndash51
Paradis V Perlemuter G Bonvoust F Dargere D Parfait B and
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tissue growth factor expression a potential mechanism involved in
progression to fibrosis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Hepatology 34738ndash
44
Paranjpe P (2001) Indian Medicinal Plants Forgotten Healers A Guide to
Ayurvedic Herbal Medicine Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratisthan Delhi p316
Park CH Yamabe N Noh JS Kang KS Tanaka T Yokozawa T
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and lipid metabolism in the liver of dbdb mice Biol Pharm Bull 32 1734ndash
1740
Parrotta JA (2006) Healing Plants of Peninsular India CABI Publishing
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Patchett AA and Nargund RP (2000) Annu Rep Med Chem 35
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Pauly Nicolas Pucciariello C Mandon K Innocenti G Jamet A
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Peach and Tracey MV (1955) In modern methods of plant analyse 4
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Perez C Canal JR and Torres MD (2003) Experimental diabetes treated
with Ficus carica extract effect on oxidative stress parameters Acta
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Perez-Amador MC Ocotero VM Castaneda JMG and Esquinca
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Perry G Cash AD Srinivas R and Smith MA (2002) Metals and
oxidative homeostasis in Alzheimerlsquos disease Drug Development and
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Pietta PG (2000) Flavonoids and antioxidants J Nat Prod 63 1035-
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Pignatelli P Pulcinelli FM and Lenti L (1998) Hydrogen Peroxide Is
Involved in Collagen-Induced Platelet Activation Blood 91 (2) 484-490
Pirola L Johnston AM Van Obberghen E (2004) Modulation of insulin
action Diabetologia 47170ndash84
Pitchersky E and Gang DR (2000) Genetics and biochemistry of
secondary metabolites in plants An evolutionary perspective Trends Plant
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Pompella A Visvikis A and Paolicchi A (2003) The changing faces of
glutathione a cellular protagonist [J] Biochem Pharmacl 66(8) 1499-1503
Prasad K (2010) Effects of vitamin E on serum enzymes and electrolytes in
hypercholesterolemia Molecular Cellular Biochemistry 335 67ndash74
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oxidative damage in rat tissues and its attenuation by dietary sesame oil
Food Chem Toxicol 43 299ndash306
Pryor WA (1993) Measurement of oxidative stress status in humans
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2 289-292
Puppo A (1992) Effect of flavonoids on hydroxyl radical formation by
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dehydrogenase in response to cerebral ischemia in rat brain Indian J Clin
Biochem 18 64-70
Rahman NN Khan M and Hasan R (1994) Bioactive components from
Ficus glomerata Pure and Applied Chemistry 66 2287ndash2290
Rajesh MG and Latha MS (2004) Preliminary evaluation of the
antihepatotoxic activity of Kamilari a polyherbal formulation J
Ethanopharmacology 91 99-104
Rajkapoor B Anandan R and Jayakar B (2002) Anti-ulcer effect of
Nigella sativa Linn against gastric ulcers in rats Curr Sci 82 177ndash179
Ramadan MF (2007) Nutritional value functional properties and
nutraceutical applications of black cumin (Nigella sativa L) an overview
International Journal of Food Science and Technology 42 1208ndash1218
Ramadan MF and Moumlrsel JT (2004) Oxidative stability of black cumin
(Nigella sativa L) coriander (Coriandrum sativum L) and niger (Guizotia
abyssinica Cass) crude seed oils upon stripping Eur J Lipid Sci Technol
106 35ndash43
Randhawa MA and Al-Ghamdi MS (2002) A review of the
pharmacotherapeutic effects of Nigella sativa Pakistan Journal of Medical
Research 41 77ndash83
Rao BR Murugresan T Sinha S Saha BP Pal M and Mandal SC
(2002) Glucose lowering efficacy of Ficus racemosa barks extract in normal
and alloxan diabetic rats Phytotherapy Research 16 590ndash592
Rao CV Arti R Verma M Vijayakumar S Rastogi (2008)
Gastroprotective effect of standardized extract of Ficus glomerata fruit on
experimental gastric ulcers in rats Journal of Ethnopharmacology 115
323ndash326
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brain aging and neurological disorders Indian J Biochem Biophys 46 9ndash15
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
Evans C (1999) Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231ndash1237
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
Evans C (1999) Antioxidant activity applying in an improved radical cation
decolorisation assay Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231-1237
Recknagel RO Glende EA JR Waller RL and Loery K (1982) Lipid
peroxidation ndashBiochemistry measurement and signified in liver cell injury in
toxicology in the liver edited by G L Plea and W R Hewilt (Raven press
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induced response of photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism in higher
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and benzyl adenine and dark- treated graving rice (Oryza sativa) leaves II
Changes in peroxidases activity Plant Cell Physiol 26 987- 994
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710-723
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York Plenum Press 279-292
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ed New York Academic
press 6 215-222
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activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids J Free Radic Biol
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Rinella ME Elias MS Smolak RR Fu T Borensztajn J and Green
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methionine choline-deficient diet J Lipid Res 491068ndash76
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efficacies of Cassia fistula An Indian labrum African Journal of Pharmacy
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Roberts CK Barnard RJ Sindhu RK Jurczak M Ehdaie A and
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and antioxidant enzymes in diet-induced metabolic syndrome Metabolism
55 928ndash934
Robertson G Leclercq I and Farrell GC (2001) Nonalcoholic steatosis
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Antioxidant properties of polyphenol-containing extract from soybean
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expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in a high fat-induced
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Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 63(3) 127minus133
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Interact 175 318ndash26
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antioxidant activities of various solvent extracts of Carissa opaca fruits
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Gastroenterology 123 1705ndash1725
Sanyal AJ Campbell-Sargent C Mirshahi F Rizzo WB Contos MJ
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Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis association of insulin resistance and
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Antioxidative properties of xanthan on the autoxidation of soybean oil in
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Antioxidant effect of aqueous extract of the bark of Ficus bengalensis in
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Singanan V Singana M and Begum H (2007) The hepatoprotective
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Singh M Govindarajan R Nath V Singh RAK and Mehrotra S
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Ethanopharamacology 107 67-72
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Sirisha N Sreenivasulu M Sangeeta K and Madhusudhana Chetty C
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Solga S Alkhuraishe AR and Clark JM (2004) Dietary composition
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Stadlbauer V Fickert P Lackner C Schmerlaib J Krisper P Trauner
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Sudhahar V Kumar SA and Varalakshmi P (2006) Role of lupeol and
lupeol linoleate on lipemicndashoxidative stress in experimental
hypercholesterolemia Life Science 78 1329ndash1335
Sun Q Ma J Campos H Hankinson SE Manson JE and Stampfer
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Sun WY Wei W Wu L Gui SY and Wang H (2007) Effects and
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Suresh PS Kumar A Kumar R and Singh VP (2008) An in silico
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J Mol Graph Model 26 (5) 845ndash9 doi101016jjmgm200705005
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Tapondjou AL Miyamoto T Mirjolet JF Guilbaud N and Lacaille-
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Targher G Bertolini L Padovani R Poli F Scala L Zenari L
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The natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver a follow-up study
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Tetri LH Basaranoglu M Brunt EM Yerian LM and Neuschwander-
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Tiwari O P and Tripathi Y B (2007) Antioxidant properties of different
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hepatic steatosis (fatty liver) on severity and composition of dyslipidemia in
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Tomomichi Chonan Hiroaki Tanaka Daisuke Yamamoto Miyoko Yashiro
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piperidinyl)-piperazine derivatives as potent acetyl-CoA carboxylase
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induced changes in body mass and hypothalamic gene expression in wild-
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Trivedi CP Shinde S and Sharma RC (1969) Preliminary
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Tundis R Bonesi M Deguin B Loizzo MR Menichini F Conforti F
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Eclalbatin triterpine saponins from Eclipta alba J Asian Nat Prod Res 3
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Upasani CD and Balaraman R (2001) Effect of vitamin e vitamin C and
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Urquiaga I and Leighton F (2000) Plant polyphenol antioxidants and
oxidative stress Biol Res Biol 33(2) 55ndash64
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Valko M Rhodes CJ Moncol J Izakovic M and Mazur M (2006)
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Chem-Biol Interact 10 1ndash40
Van den Berg R Haenen GRMM Van den Berg H and Bast A
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Venkat Ratnam D Ankolaa D Bhardwaja V Sahanaa DK and Ravi
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Venukumar MR and Latha MS (2004) Effect of Coscinium fenestratum
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Verma A Vijayakumar M Chandana V Rao Chandra S and Mathela
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protective activity of green fruit of Ficus glomerata Food and Chemical
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Verma S and Singh SP (2008) Current and future status of herbal
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Vetelainen R van Vliet A and vcan Gulik TM (2007) Essential
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Videla LA Rodrigo R Orellana M Fernandez V Tapia G Quintildeones
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Villanova N Moscatiello S and Ramillis S (2005) Endothelial
dysfunction and cardiovascular risk profile in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Am J Gastroenterol 99 1497ndash1502
Vinson JA Zubik L Bose P Samman N Proch J (2005) Dried fruits
excellent invitro and in vivo antioxidants Journal of the American College of
Nutrition 24 44ndash50
Viuda-Martos M Navajas Y R Zapata E S Fernandez-Lopez J and
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Wang J Li J Zou Y Chenga W Lu C Zhang L Gea J Huanga C
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effects of total flavonoids of Litsea coreana leve on hepatic steatosis in rats
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Wang K Zhang Y and Yang C (2005) Antioxidant phenolic compounds
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Wang LF and Zhang HY (2003) A theoretical investigation on DPPH
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Wang X and Quinn P (1999) Vitamin E and its function in membranes
Prog Lipid Res 38(4) 309-336
Wang Y Beydoun MA Liang L Caballero B and Kumanyika SK
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Wasan KM Najafi S Wong J and Kwong M (2001) Assessing plasma
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Bilsen M Shiri-Sverdlov R and Hofker MH (2008) Dietary cholesterol
rather than liver steatosis leads to hepatic inflammation in hyperlipidemic
mouse models of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Hepatology 48 474ndash486
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Rev Mol Cell Biol 9 162ndash176
Yamaguchi F Saito M Ariga T Yoshimura Y and Nakazawa H
(2000) Free radical scavenging activity of garcinol from Garcinia indica
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Yamaguchi K Yang L McCall S Huang J Yu XX Pandey SK
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triglyceride synthesis improves hepatic steatosis but exacerbates liver
damage and fibrosis in obese mice with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Hepatology 45 1366ndash1374
Yang H Roberts LJ Jian Shi M Chun Zhou Li Ballard BR
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Yang JS Lee SJ Park HW and Cha YS (2006) Effect of genistein
with carnitine administration on lipid parameters and obesity in C57Bl6J
mice fed a high-fat diet Journal of Medicinal Food 9 459ndash467
Yang RL Li W Shi YH and Le GW (2008) Lipoic acid prevents
high-fat dietndashinduced dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress A microarray
analysis Nutrition 24 582ndash588
Yang S Zhu H Li Y Lin H Gabrielson K Trush MA and Diehl
AM (2000) Mitochondrial adaptations to obesity-related oxidant stress
Arch Biochem Biophys 378 259-268
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Yao D Shi W Gou Y Zhou X Yee Aw T Zhou Y and Liu Z
(2005) Fatty acid-mediated intracellular iron translocation a synergistic
mechanism of oxidative injury Free Radic Biol Med 39(10) 1385ndash1398
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plasma of rats deficient in choline Biochem Cell Biol 68 552-558
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Role of adiponectin in the protective action of dietary saturated fat against
alcoholic fatty liver in mice Hepatology 42 568ndash577
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spontaneous lipid peroxidation following glutathione depletion Plant Med
43 240-245
Yu L Haley S Perret J Harris M Wilson J and Qian M (2002) Free
radical scavenging properties of wheat extracts J Agri Food Chem 50
1619ndash1624
Yun SN Moon SJ Ko SK Im BO and Chung SH (2004) Wild
ginseng prevents the onset of high-fat diet induced hyperglycemia and
obesity in ICR mice Arch Pham Res 27 790ndash6
Zak B (1954) Cholesterol Methodologies A review Clin Chem 23 1201
Zhai S Dai R Friedman FK and Vestal RE (1998) Drug Metab
Dispos 26 989
Zhang HM Chen SW Zhang LS and Feng XF (2008) The effects of
soy isoflavone on insulin sensitivity and adipocytokines in insulin resistant
rats administered with high-fat diet Nat Prod Res 22 1637ndash1649
Zhang Z Apse K Pang J and Stanton RC (2000) High glucose inhibits
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase via cAMP in aortic endothelial cells J
Biol Chem 275 40042-40047
Zhao B (2009) Natural antioxidants protect neurons in Alzheimerlsquos disease
and Parkinsonlsquos disease Neurochem Res 34 630ndash8
Zheng S Hoos L Cook J Tetzloff G Harry DJ and Van Heek M
(2008) Ezetimibe improves high fat and cholesterol diet-induced non-
alcoholic fatty liver disease Vascular Health and Risk Management 4 235ndash
241
Zhu X Zhang W Pang X Wang J Zhao J and Qu W (2011)
Hypolipidaemic effect of n-butanol extract from Asparagus officinalis L in
mice fed a high-fat diet Phytotherapy Research 31 doi101002ptr3380
Zimmerman H J and Seeff L B (1970) Enzymes in hepatic disease In E
L Goodly (Ed) Diagnostic Enzymology (pp 1ndash38) Philadelphia USA
Lea amp Febiger
Zimmet P Shaw J and Alberti KG (2003) Preventing Type 2 Diabetes
and the Dysmetabolic Syndrome in the Real World a Realistic View Diabet
Med 20 693-702
solvent extracts of Camellia sinensis (L) O Kuntz Ficus bengalensis L and
Ficus racemosa L Food Chemistry 107 1000ndash1007
Marchand LL Murphy SP Hankin JH Wilkens LR Kolonel LN
(2000) J Natl Cancer Inst 92 154
Marchesini G Bugianesi E Forlani G Cerrelli F Lenzi M Manini
R Natale S Vanni E Villanova N Melchionda N and Rizzetto M
(2003) Nonalcoholic fatty liver steatohepatitis and the metabolic syndrome
Hepatology 37 917ndash 923
Mari M Caballero F Colell A Morales A Caballeria J Fernandez
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Mitochondrial free cholesterol loading sensitizes to TNF and Fas-meidated
steatohepatitis Cell Metabolism 4 185ndash198
Marimuthu P Wu CL Chang HT and Chang ST (2008) Antioxidant
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Mariod AA Ibrahim RM Ismail M and Ismail N (2009) Antioxidant
activity and phenolic content of phenolic rich fractions obtained from black
cumin (Nigella sativa) seedcake Food Chemistry 116 306ndash312
Maron DJ (2004) Flavonoids for reduction of atherosclerotic risk Curr
Atheroscler Rep 6 73-78
Marra F Gastaldelli A Svegliati Baroni G Tell G and Tiribelli C
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Mates JM Perez-Gomez C and Decastro IN (1999) Clin Chem 32
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Matsuzawa N Takamura T Kurita S Misu H Ota T Ando H
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Matsuzawa Y Shimomura I Nakamura T Keno Y Kotani K and
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Matteoni C Younossi Z Gramlich T Boparai N and Liu Y (1999)
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Matthew Ricci (2008) NAFLD (Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease) A
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Matthew Cave Ion Deaciuc Christian Mendez Zhenyuan Song Swati
Joshi-Barve Shirish Barve Craig McClain (2007) Nonalcoholic fatty liver
disease predisposing factors and the role of nutrition Journal of Nutritional
Biochemistry 18 184ndash 195
Mavrelis PG Ammon HV Gleysteen JJ Komorowski RA and
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morbid obesity Hepatology 3 226ndash231
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edition 588-
590
Mazur A Bayle D Lab C Rock E and Rayssiguier Y (1999)
Inhibitory effect of procyanidin-rich extracts on LDL oxidation in vitro
Atherosclerosis 145 421ndash422
McCay PB (1985) Vitamin E Interactions with free radicals and
ascorbate Ann Rev Nutr 5 323-340
McCullough AJ (2004) The clinical features diagnosis and natural history
of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Clinics in Liver Disease 8 521ndash533
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Assessing potential bioavallability of raspberry anthocyanins using an in
vitro digestion system Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53(15)
5896minus5904
Mehta B K Sharma U Pandit V Agrawal S Joshi N and Gupta M
(2008) Med Chem Res 17 462ndash473
Meng EC Shoichet BK and Kuntz ID (2004) Automated docking
with grid-based energy evaluation Journal of Computational Chemistry 13
(4) 505ndash524 doi101002jcc540130412
Merchant JR Bakshi VM and Engineer AB (1979) Chemical
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anthocyanins phenolics and flavonoids contents of some sweet potato
genotypes under stress of different concentrations of sucrose and sorbito
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patients Nutr Rev 58 278-281
Meyer SA and Kulkarni AP (2001) Hepatotoxicity in Introduction to
biochemical toxicology 3rd
Edition edited by E Hodgson and R C Smart (A
John Wiley amp Sons Inc New York) 487
Mezzetti A Di Ilio C Calafiore AM Aceto A Marzio L Frederici G
and Cuccurullo F (1990) Glutathione peroxidase glutathione reductase and
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Milagro FI Campioacuten J and Martiacutenez JA (2006) Weight gain induced
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Miliauskas G Venskutonis PR and Van Beek TA (2004) Screening of
radical scavenging activity of some medicinal and aromatic plant extracts
Food Chemistry 85 231ndash237
Ming M Guanhua L Zhanhai Y Guang C and Xuan Z (2009) Effect
of the Lycium barbarum polysaccharides administration on blood lipid
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Misra A Khurana L Vikram NK Goel A and Wasir JS (2007)
Metabolic syndrome in children current issues and South Asian perspective
Nutrition 23(11ndash12)895ndash910
Misra A Misra R Wijesuriya M and Banerjee D (2007) The metabolic
syndrome in south Asians continuing escalation amp possible solutions Indian
J Med Res 125(3)345ndash54
Misra A Vikram NK (2004) Insulin resistance syndrome (metabolic
syndrome) and obesity in Asian Indians Evidence and implications
Nutrition 20482ndash491
Mithra SK Seshadri SJ Venkataranganna MV Gopumadhavan S
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mushroom against rat liver oxidative damage and fibrosis induced by CCL4
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Mohan V (2004) Why are Indians more prone to diabetes J Assoc Phys
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Mohan V and Deepa R (2006) Adipocytokines and The expanding Asian
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Owen R W Giacosa A Hull W E Haubner R Spiegelhalder B and
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diabetes Science 306457ndash61
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antioxidant vitamins and trace elements supplemented diets on activities of
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Pacher P Beckman JS and Liaudet L (2007) Nitric oxide and
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Pan HZ Zhang H Chang D Li H and Sui H (2008) The change of
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Paranjpe P (2001) Indian Medicinal Plants Forgotten Healers A Guide to
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Park CH Yamabe N Noh JS Kang KS Tanaka T Yokozawa T
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Perez-Amador MC Ocotero VM Castaneda JMG and Esquinca
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Perry G Cash AD Srinivas R and Smith MA (2002) Metals and
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oxidative damage in rat tissues and its attenuation by dietary sesame oil
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abyssinica Cass) crude seed oils upon stripping Eur J Lipid Sci Technol
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Randhawa MA and Al-Ghamdi MS (2002) A review of the
pharmacotherapeutic effects of Nigella sativa Pakistan Journal of Medical
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Rao BR Murugresan T Sinha S Saha BP Pal M and Mandal SC
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and alloxan diabetic rats Phytotherapy Research 16 590ndash592
Rao CV Arti R Verma M Vijayakumar S Rastogi (2008)
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Rao KS (2009) Free radical induced oxidative damage to DNA relation to
brain aging and neurological disorders Indian J Biochem Biophys 46 9ndash15
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
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Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
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ed New York Academic
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and antioxidant enzymes in diet-induced metabolic syndrome Metabolism
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Antioxidant properties of polyphenol-containing extract from soybean
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Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis association of insulin resistance and
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Sun Q Ma J Campos H Hankinson SE Manson JE and Stampfer
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Wang X and Quinn P (1999) Vitamin E and its function in membranes
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Wang Y Beydoun MA Liang L Caballero B and Kumanyika SK
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PMID 15046985
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Preparation and Pharmacological evaluation of plant material England John
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Wong CC Li HB Cheng KW and Chen FA (2006) Systematic
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World Health Organisation (2006) Obesity and overweight Fact sheet 311
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Wouters K van Gorp PJ Bieghs V Gijbels MJ Duimel H
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rather than liver steatosis leads to hepatic inflammation in hyperlipidemic
mouse models of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Hepatology 48 474ndash486
Wymann MP and Schneiter R (2008) Lipid signalling in disease Nat
Rev Mol Cell Biol 9 162ndash176
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Yamaguchi K Yang L McCall S Huang J Yu XX Pandey SK
Bhanot S Monia BP Li YX and Diehl AM (2007) Inhibiting
triglyceride synthesis improves hepatic steatosis but exacerbates liver
damage and fibrosis in obese mice with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Hepatology 45 1366ndash1374
Yang H Roberts LJ Jian Shi M Chun Zhou Li Ballard BR
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dismutase and catalase in mice lacking apolipoprotein E Circ Res 95
1075ndash1081
Yang JS Lee SJ Park HW and Cha YS (2006) Effect of genistein
with carnitine administration on lipid parameters and obesity in C57Bl6J
mice fed a high-fat diet Journal of Medicinal Food 9 459ndash467
Yang RL Li W Shi YH and Le GW (2008) Lipoic acid prevents
high-fat dietndashinduced dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress A microarray
analysis Nutrition 24 582ndash588
Yang S Zhu H Li Y Lin H Gabrielson K Trush MA and Diehl
AM (2000) Mitochondrial adaptations to obesity-related oxidant stress
Arch Biochem Biophys 378 259-268
Yannerelli GG Gallego SM and Tamaro ML (2006) Effect of UV-B
radiation on the activity and isoforms of enzymes with peroxidise activity in
sunflower cotyledons Environ Exp Bot 56 174-181
Yao D Shi W Gou Y Zhou X Yee Aw T Zhou Y and Liu Z
(2005) Fatty acid-mediated intracellular iron translocation a synergistic
mechanism of oxidative injury Free Radic Biol Med 39(10) 1385ndash1398
Yao ZM and Vance DE (1990) Reduction in VLDL but not HDL in
plasma of rats deficient in choline Biochem Cell Biol 68 552-558
Yen GC and Chen HY (1995) Antioxidant activity of various tea
extracts in relation to their antimutagenicity J Agr Food Chem 43 27-32
You M Considine RV Leone TC Kelly DP and Crabb DW (2005)
Role of adiponectin in the protective action of dietary saturated fat against
alcoholic fatty liver in mice Hepatology 42 568ndash577
Younes M (1981) Inhibitory action of some flavonoids on enhanced
spontaneous lipid peroxidation following glutathione depletion Plant Med
43 240-245
Yu L Haley S Perret J Harris M Wilson J and Qian M (2002) Free
radical scavenging properties of wheat extracts J Agri Food Chem 50
1619ndash1624
Yun SN Moon SJ Ko SK Im BO and Chung SH (2004) Wild
ginseng prevents the onset of high-fat diet induced hyperglycemia and
obesity in ICR mice Arch Pham Res 27 790ndash6
Zak B (1954) Cholesterol Methodologies A review Clin Chem 23 1201
Zhai S Dai R Friedman FK and Vestal RE (1998) Drug Metab
Dispos 26 989
Zhang HM Chen SW Zhang LS and Feng XF (2008) The effects of
soy isoflavone on insulin sensitivity and adipocytokines in insulin resistant
rats administered with high-fat diet Nat Prod Res 22 1637ndash1649
Zhang Z Apse K Pang J and Stanton RC (2000) High glucose inhibits
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase via cAMP in aortic endothelial cells J
Biol Chem 275 40042-40047
Zhao B (2009) Natural antioxidants protect neurons in Alzheimerlsquos disease
and Parkinsonlsquos disease Neurochem Res 34 630ndash8
Zheng S Hoos L Cook J Tetzloff G Harry DJ and Van Heek M
(2008) Ezetimibe improves high fat and cholesterol diet-induced non-
alcoholic fatty liver disease Vascular Health and Risk Management 4 235ndash
241
Zhu X Zhang W Pang X Wang J Zhao J and Qu W (2011)
Hypolipidaemic effect of n-butanol extract from Asparagus officinalis L in
mice fed a high-fat diet Phytotherapy Research 31 doi101002ptr3380
Zimmerman H J and Seeff L B (1970) Enzymes in hepatic disease In E
L Goodly (Ed) Diagnostic Enzymology (pp 1ndash38) Philadelphia USA
Lea amp Febiger
Zimmet P Shaw J and Alberti KG (2003) Preventing Type 2 Diabetes
and the Dysmetabolic Syndrome in the Real World a Realistic View Diabet
Med 20 693-702
Matteoni C Younossi Z Gramlich T Boparai N and Liu Y (1999)
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease a spectrum of clinical and pathological
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Matthaei S StumvollM Kellerer M and Haring (2000) Endocr H-U
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Matthew Ricci (2008) NAFLD (Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease) A
Brief Scientific Literature Review Research Diets Inc 3000-2-09
Matthew Cave Ion Deaciuc Christian Mendez Zhenyuan Song Swati
Joshi-Barve Shirish Barve Craig McClain (2007) Nonalcoholic fatty liver
disease predisposing factors and the role of nutrition Journal of Nutritional
Biochemistry 18 184ndash 195
Mavrelis PG Ammon HV Gleysteen JJ Komorowski RA and
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morbid obesity Hepatology 3 226ndash231
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Murray KR Graner KD Mayes AP and Rodwell WV Harperlsquos
Biochemistry Chap 53 Prentice-Hall International Inc 23rd
edition 588-
590
Mazur A Bayle D Lab C Rock E and Rayssiguier Y (1999)
Inhibitory effect of procyanidin-rich extracts on LDL oxidation in vitro
Atherosclerosis 145 421ndash422
McCay PB (1985) Vitamin E Interactions with free radicals and
ascorbate Ann Rev Nutr 5 323-340
McCullough AJ (2004) The clinical features diagnosis and natural history
of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Clinics in Liver Disease 8 521ndash533
McDougall GJ Dobson P Smith P Blake A and Stewart D (2005)
Assessing potential bioavallability of raspberry anthocyanins using an in
vitro digestion system Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53(15)
5896minus5904
Mehta B K Sharma U Pandit V Agrawal S Joshi N and Gupta M
(2008) Med Chem Res 17 462ndash473
Meng EC Shoichet BK and Kuntz ID (2004) Automated docking
with grid-based energy evaluation Journal of Computational Chemistry 13
(4) 505ndash524 doi101002jcc540130412
Merchant JR Bakshi VM and Engineer AB (1979) Chemical
investigation of fruits of Ficus glomerata Roxb Indian J Chem 17B 87ndash88
Mervat MM and Taie HAA (2009) Antioxidant activities total
anthocyanins phenolics and flavonoids contents of some sweet potato
genotypes under stress of different concentrations of sucrose and sorbito
Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 3(4) 3609-3616
Meydani M (2000) Vitamin E and prevention of heart disease in high-risk
patients Nutr Rev 58 278-281
Meyer SA and Kulkarni AP (2001) Hepatotoxicity in Introduction to
biochemical toxicology 3rd
Edition edited by E Hodgson and R C Smart (A
John Wiley amp Sons Inc New York) 487
Mezzetti A Di Ilio C Calafiore AM Aceto A Marzio L Frederici G
and Cuccurullo F (1990) Glutathione peroxidase glutathione reductase and
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Michael Metz (2005) Liver function tests IMVS News letter 57
Michalak A (2006) Phenolic compounds and their antioxidant activity in
plants growing under heavy metal stress Polish J Environ Studies 15(4)
523-530
Milagro FI Campioacuten J and Martiacutenez JA (2006) Weight gain induced
by high-fat feeding involves increased liver oxidative stress Obesity (Silver
Spring) 14 1118ndash1123
Miliauskas G Venskutonis PR and Van Beek TA (2004) Screening of
radical scavenging activity of some medicinal and aromatic plant extracts
Food Chemistry 85 231ndash237
Ming M Guanhua L Zhanhai Y Guang C and Xuan Z (2009) Effect
of the Lycium barbarum polysaccharides administration on blood lipid
metabolism and oxidative stress of mice fed high-fat diet in vivo Food
Chemistry 113 872ndash877
Misra A Khurana L Vikram NK Goel A and Wasir JS (2007)
Metabolic syndrome in children current issues and South Asian perspective
Nutrition 23(11ndash12)895ndash910
Misra A Misra R Wijesuriya M and Banerjee D (2007) The metabolic
syndrome in south Asians continuing escalation amp possible solutions Indian
J Med Res 125(3)345ndash54
Misra A Vikram NK (2004) Insulin resistance syndrome (metabolic
syndrome) and obesity in Asian Indians Evidence and implications
Nutrition 20482ndash491
Mithra SK Seshadri SJ Venkataranganna MV Gopumadhavan S
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formulation in galactosamine induced hepatopathy in rats Indian J Physiol
Pharmacol 44 82-86
Modi KP Patel NM and Goyal R K (2008) Estimation of L-topaf from
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mushroom against rat liver oxidative damage and fibrosis induced by CCL4
International Journal of Biotechnology amp Biochemistry 303-323
Mohan V (2004) Why are Indians more prone to diabetes J Assoc Phys
India 52468ndash474
Mohan V and Deepa R (2006) Adipocytokines and The expanding Asian
Indian Phenotype J Assoc Physic Ind 54 685-6
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Musso G Gambino R and Cassader M (2009) Recent insights into
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Progress in Lipid Research 48 1e26
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relations to insulin resistance and postprandial lipemia in nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis Hepatology 37 909ndash16
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Entada saponin-III a saponin isolated from the bark of Entada phaseoloides
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Okada Y Shibata S Javellana AMJ and Kamo O (1988) Entada
saponins (ES) II and IV from the bark of Entada phaseoloides Chemical and
Pharmaceutical Bulletin 36 1264ndash1269
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Oteiza PI Erlejman AG Verstraeten SV Keen CL and Fraga CG
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the membrane surface Clin Dev Immunol 12 (1) 19ndash25
Owen R W Giacosa A Hull W E Haubner R Spiegelhalder B and
Bartsh H (2000) The antioxidantanticancer potential of phenolic
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glucose amine Japanese Journal of Nutrition 44307-315
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(2004) Endoplasmic reticulum stress links obesity insulin action and type 2
diabetes Science 306457ndash61
Ozturk-Urek R Bozkaya LA and Tarhan L (2001) The effects of some
antioxidant vitamins and trace elements supplemented diets on activities of
SOD CAT GSH-Px and LPO levels in chicken tissues Cell Biochemistry
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Biotin in metabolism and its relationship tohuman disease Arch Med Res
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Pacher P Beckman JS and Liaudet L (1997) (Nitric oxide and
peroxynitrite in health and disease Physiol Rev 87 (1) 315ndash424
Pacher P Beckman JS and Liaudet L (2007) Nitric oxide and
peroxynitrite In health and disease Physiological Reviews 87(1) 315ndash424
Paetau I Khachik F Brown ED Beecher GR Kramer TR and
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Pan HZ Zhang H Chang D Li H and Sui H (2008) The change of
oxidative stress products in diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy Br J
Ophthalmol 92 548ndash51
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tissue growth factor expression a potential mechanism involved in
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44
Paranjpe P (2001) Indian Medicinal Plants Forgotten Healers A Guide to
Ayurvedic Herbal Medicine Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratisthan Delhi p316
Park CH Yamabe N Noh JS Kang KS Tanaka T Yokozawa T
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Parrotta JA (2006) Healing Plants of Peninsular India CABI Publishing
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Patchett AA and Nargund RP (2000) Annu Rep Med Chem 35
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Pauly Nicolas Pucciariello C Mandon K Innocenti G Jamet A
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Peach and Tracey MV (1955) In modern methods of plant analyse 4
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Perez C Canal JR and Torres MD (2003) Experimental diabetes treated
with Ficus carica extract effect on oxidative stress parameters Acta
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Perez-Amador MC Ocotero VM Castaneda JMG and Esquinca
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Perry G Cash AD Srinivas R and Smith MA (2002) Metals and
oxidative homeostasis in Alzheimerlsquos disease Drug Development and
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Pietta PG (2000) Flavonoids and antioxidants J Nat Prod 63 1035-
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Pignatelli P Pulcinelli FM and Lenti L (1998) Hydrogen Peroxide Is
Involved in Collagen-Induced Platelet Activation Blood 91 (2) 484-490
Pirola L Johnston AM Van Obberghen E (2004) Modulation of insulin
action Diabetologia 47170ndash84
Pitchersky E and Gang DR (2000) Genetics and biochemistry of
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Pompella A Visvikis A and Paolicchi A (2003) The changing faces of
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Prasad K (2010) Effects of vitamin E on serum enzymes and electrolytes in
hypercholesterolemia Molecular Cellular Biochemistry 335 67ndash74
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oxidative damage in rat tissues and its attenuation by dietary sesame oil
Food Chem Toxicol 43 299ndash306
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Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2 289-292
Puppo A (1992) Effect of flavonoids on hydroxyl radical formation by
Fenton-type reactions influence of the iron chelator Phytochemistry 31
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Rahman NN Khan M and Hasan R (1994) Bioactive components from
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Rajesh MG and Latha MS (2004) Preliminary evaluation of the
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Rajkapoor B Anandan R and Jayakar B (2002) Anti-ulcer effect of
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Ramadan MF (2007) Nutritional value functional properties and
nutraceutical applications of black cumin (Nigella sativa L) an overview
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Ramadan MF and Moumlrsel JT (2004) Oxidative stability of black cumin
(Nigella sativa L) coriander (Coriandrum sativum L) and niger (Guizotia
abyssinica Cass) crude seed oils upon stripping Eur J Lipid Sci Technol
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Randhawa MA and Al-Ghamdi MS (2002) A review of the
pharmacotherapeutic effects of Nigella sativa Pakistan Journal of Medical
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Rao BR Murugresan T Sinha S Saha BP Pal M and Mandal SC
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and alloxan diabetic rats Phytotherapy Research 16 590ndash592
Rao CV Arti R Verma M Vijayakumar S Rastogi (2008)
Gastroprotective effect of standardized extract of Ficus glomerata fruit on
experimental gastric ulcers in rats Journal of Ethnopharmacology 115
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Rao KS (2009) Free radical induced oxidative damage to DNA relation to
brain aging and neurological disorders Indian J Biochem Biophys 46 9ndash15
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
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Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
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and benzyl adenine and dark- treated graving rice (Oryza sativa) leaves II
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Reitman S Frankel S (1957) Amer JClin Path 2856
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York Plenum Press 279-292
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(eds) Standard methods of clinical chemistry 6th
ed New York Academic
press 6 215-222
Rice-Evans CA Miller NJ and Paganga G (1996) Structurendashantioxidant
activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids J Free Radic Biol
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Richter C (1987) Biophysical consequences of lipid peroxidation in
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Rinella ME Elias MS Smolak RR Fu T Borensztajn J and Green
RM (2008) Mechanisms of hepatic steatosis in mice fed a lipogenic
methionine choline-deficient diet J Lipid Res 491068ndash76
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efficacies of Cassia fistula An Indian labrum African Journal of Pharmacy
and Pharmacology 3(6) 287-292
Robak J Gryglewski RJ (1988) Flavonoids are scavengers of superoxide
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Robak J Maran and Kiewicz R (1995) Scavenging of reactive oxygen
species as the mechanism of drug action Polish J of Pharmacol 47 89-98
Robert M (2006) Mineral surfaces and the prebiotic selection and
organization of biomolecules American Mineralogist 91 1715ndash1729
Roberts CK Barnard RJ Sindhu RK Jurczak M Ehdaie A and
Vaziri ND (2006) Oxidative stress and dysregulation of NAD(P)H oxidase
and antioxidant enzymes in diet-induced metabolic syndrome Metabolism
55 928ndash934
Robertson G Leclercq I and Farrell GC (2001) Nonalcoholic steatosis
and steatohepatitis II Cytochrome P-450 enzymes and oxidative stress
American Journal of Physiology Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 281
(5) G1135ndashG1139
Roe J H and Keuther C A (1943) The determination of ascorbic acid in
whole blood and urine through 2 4-dinitro phenyl hydrazine derivative of
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Rohrdanz E Schmuck G Ohler S and Kahl R (2001) The influence of
oxidative stress on catalase and MnSOD gene transcription in astrocytes
Brain Res 900 128-136
Rojas C Cadenas S Lopez-Torres M Perez-Campo R and Barja G
(1996) Increase in heart glutathione redox and total antioxidant capacity and
dcrease in lipid peroxidation after vitamin E dietary supplementation in
guinea pigs Free Radic Biol Med 21 907-15
Romeo S Sentinelli F Dash S Yeo GS Savage DB Leonetti F
Capoccia D Incani M Maglio C Iacovino M OlsquoRahilly S and Baroni
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Romero AM Mirtha MD Sturia MA and Judis MA (2004)
Antioxidant properties of polyphenol-containing extract from soybean
fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae Eur J Lipid Sci Technol 106
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Rosen HR and Keefe EB (1998) Laboratory evaluation of the patient
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820
Rosenberg HR (1992) Chemistry and Physiology of the citamins Inter
Science Publishers Inc New York 452-453
Rosselli MS Adriana L Burgue˜nob Julieta Carabelli Mariano Schumanb
Carlos J Pirolab and Silvia Sookoiana (2009) Losartan reduces liver
expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in a high fat-induced
rat nonalcoholic fatty liver disease model Atherosclerosis 206 119ndash126
Roy S Sehgal R Pahdy BM and Kumar VL (2005) Antioxidant and
protective effect of Calotropis procera against alloxan-induced diabetics in
rats J Ethanopharmacol 102 470-473
Ryan L OConnell O OSullivan L Aherne SA and OBrien NM
(2008) Micellarisation of carotenoids from raw and cooked vegetables
Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 63(3) 127minus133
Sadasivam S Manickam A (1997) Biochemical methods Second edition
Newage international Pvt Ltd
Sagi Y and Youdim MBH (2008) The neuroprotective effect of
ladostigil against hydrogen peroxide-mediated cytotoxicity Chem-Biol
Interact 175 318ndash26
Sahai A Malladi P Melin-Aldana H Green RM and Whitington PF
(2004) Up regulation of osteopontin expression is involved in the
development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in a dietary murine model Am
J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 287 G264-G273
Sahreen S Rashid Khan M and Ali Khan R (2010) Evaluation of
antioxidant activities of various solvent extracts of Carissa opaca fruits
Food Chemistry 122 1205ndash1211
Sairam K Rao ChV Babu MD Kumar V Agarwal VK and Goel
RK (2002) Antiulcerogenic activity of methanolic extract of Emblica
Officinalis Journal of Ethanopharmacology 82 1-9
Sallie R Tredgr JM and William (1999) Drugs and the liver Biopharm
Drug Dispos 12 251-259
Salom S M Gray J A Alford A R Mulesky M Fettig C J and
Woods S A (1996) J Entomol Sci 31 453
Samuel VT Liu ZX Qu X Elder BD Bilz S Befroy D Romanelli
AJ and Shulman GI (2004) Mechanism of hepatic insulin resistance in
non-alcoholic fatty liver disease J Biol Chem 279 32345-32353
Sanyal AJ (2001) Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease a medical consequence
of globalisation Indian JGastroenterol 20 215-216
Sanyal AJ (2002) GA technical review on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Gastroenterology 123 1705ndash1725
Sanyal AJ Campbell-Sargent C Mirshahi F Rizzo WB Contos MJ
Sterling RK Luketic VA Shiffman ML and Clore JN (2001)
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis association of insulin resistance and
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Antioxidative properties of xanthan on the autoxidation of soybean oil in
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Antioxidant effect of aqueous extract of the bark of Ficus bengalensis in
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Phytochemical and antioxidant characterization of Hypericum perforatum
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Ethanopharamacology 107 67-72
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Sun Q Ma J Campos H Hankinson SE Manson JE and Stampfer
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Wang X and Quinn P (1999) Vitamin E and its function in membranes
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Bilsen M Shiri-Sverdlov R and Hofker MH (2008) Dietary cholesterol
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mouse models of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Hepatology 48 474ndash486
Wymann MP and Schneiter R (2008) Lipid signalling in disease Nat
Rev Mol Cell Biol 9 162ndash176
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Yamaguchi K Yang L McCall S Huang J Yu XX Pandey SK
Bhanot S Monia BP Li YX and Diehl AM (2007) Inhibiting
triglyceride synthesis improves hepatic steatosis but exacerbates liver
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Hepatology 45 1366ndash1374
Yang H Roberts LJ Jian Shi M Chun Zhou Li Ballard BR
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Yang JS Lee SJ Park HW and Cha YS (2006) Effect of genistein
with carnitine administration on lipid parameters and obesity in C57Bl6J
mice fed a high-fat diet Journal of Medicinal Food 9 459ndash467
Yang RL Li W Shi YH and Le GW (2008) Lipoic acid prevents
high-fat dietndashinduced dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress A microarray
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Yang S Zhu H Li Y Lin H Gabrielson K Trush MA and Diehl
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Arch Biochem Biophys 378 259-268
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Yao D Shi W Gou Y Zhou X Yee Aw T Zhou Y and Liu Z
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mechanism of oxidative injury Free Radic Biol Med 39(10) 1385ndash1398
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Role of adiponectin in the protective action of dietary saturated fat against
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Younes M (1981) Inhibitory action of some flavonoids on enhanced
spontaneous lipid peroxidation following glutathione depletion Plant Med
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Yu L Haley S Perret J Harris M Wilson J and Qian M (2002) Free
radical scavenging properties of wheat extracts J Agri Food Chem 50
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Yun SN Moon SJ Ko SK Im BO and Chung SH (2004) Wild
ginseng prevents the onset of high-fat diet induced hyperglycemia and
obesity in ICR mice Arch Pham Res 27 790ndash6
Zak B (1954) Cholesterol Methodologies A review Clin Chem 23 1201
Zhai S Dai R Friedman FK and Vestal RE (1998) Drug Metab
Dispos 26 989
Zhang HM Chen SW Zhang LS and Feng XF (2008) The effects of
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rats administered with high-fat diet Nat Prod Res 22 1637ndash1649
Zhang Z Apse K Pang J and Stanton RC (2000) High glucose inhibits
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase via cAMP in aortic endothelial cells J
Biol Chem 275 40042-40047
Zhao B (2009) Natural antioxidants protect neurons in Alzheimerlsquos disease
and Parkinsonlsquos disease Neurochem Res 34 630ndash8
Zheng S Hoos L Cook J Tetzloff G Harry DJ and Van Heek M
(2008) Ezetimibe improves high fat and cholesterol diet-induced non-
alcoholic fatty liver disease Vascular Health and Risk Management 4 235ndash
241
Zhu X Zhang W Pang X Wang J Zhao J and Qu W (2011)
Hypolipidaemic effect of n-butanol extract from Asparagus officinalis L in
mice fed a high-fat diet Phytotherapy Research 31 doi101002ptr3380
Zimmerman H J and Seeff L B (1970) Enzymes in hepatic disease In E
L Goodly (Ed) Diagnostic Enzymology (pp 1ndash38) Philadelphia USA
Lea amp Febiger
Zimmet P Shaw J and Alberti KG (2003) Preventing Type 2 Diabetes
and the Dysmetabolic Syndrome in the Real World a Realistic View Diabet
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Merchant JR Bakshi VM and Engineer AB (1979) Chemical
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Mervat MM and Taie HAA (2009) Antioxidant activities total
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Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 3(4) 3609-3616
Meydani M (2000) Vitamin E and prevention of heart disease in high-risk
patients Nutr Rev 58 278-281
Meyer SA and Kulkarni AP (2001) Hepatotoxicity in Introduction to
biochemical toxicology 3rd
Edition edited by E Hodgson and R C Smart (A
John Wiley amp Sons Inc New York) 487
Mezzetti A Di Ilio C Calafiore AM Aceto A Marzio L Frederici G
and Cuccurullo F (1990) Glutathione peroxidase glutathione reductase and
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Michael Metz (2005) Liver function tests IMVS News letter 57
Michalak A (2006) Phenolic compounds and their antioxidant activity in
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Milagro FI Campioacuten J and Martiacutenez JA (2006) Weight gain induced
by high-fat feeding involves increased liver oxidative stress Obesity (Silver
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Miliauskas G Venskutonis PR and Van Beek TA (2004) Screening of
radical scavenging activity of some medicinal and aromatic plant extracts
Food Chemistry 85 231ndash237
Ming M Guanhua L Zhanhai Y Guang C and Xuan Z (2009) Effect
of the Lycium barbarum polysaccharides administration on blood lipid
metabolism and oxidative stress of mice fed high-fat diet in vivo Food
Chemistry 113 872ndash877
Misra A Khurana L Vikram NK Goel A and Wasir JS (2007)
Metabolic syndrome in children current issues and South Asian perspective
Nutrition 23(11ndash12)895ndash910
Misra A Misra R Wijesuriya M and Banerjee D (2007) The metabolic
syndrome in south Asians continuing escalation amp possible solutions Indian
J Med Res 125(3)345ndash54
Misra A Vikram NK (2004) Insulin resistance syndrome (metabolic
syndrome) and obesity in Asian Indians Evidence and implications
Nutrition 20482ndash491
Mithra SK Seshadri SJ Venkataranganna MV Gopumadhavan S
Udupa UV and Sarma DNK (2000) Effect of HD-03-a herbal
formulation in galactosamine induced hepatopathy in rats Indian J Physiol
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antioxidant vitamins and trace elements supplemented diets on activities of
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Pan HZ Zhang H Chang D Li H and Sui H (2008) The change of
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Perry G Cash AD Srinivas R and Smith MA (2002) Metals and
oxidative homeostasis in Alzheimerlsquos disease Drug Development and
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action Diabetologia 47170ndash84
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oxidative damage in rat tissues and its attenuation by dietary sesame oil
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Nigella sativa Linn against gastric ulcers in rats Curr Sci 82 177ndash179
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nutraceutical applications of black cumin (Nigella sativa L) an overview
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abyssinica Cass) crude seed oils upon stripping Eur J Lipid Sci Technol
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Randhawa MA and Al-Ghamdi MS (2002) A review of the
pharmacotherapeutic effects of Nigella sativa Pakistan Journal of Medical
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Rao BR Murugresan T Sinha S Saha BP Pal M and Mandal SC
(2002) Glucose lowering efficacy of Ficus racemosa barks extract in normal
and alloxan diabetic rats Phytotherapy Research 16 590ndash592
Rao CV Arti R Verma M Vijayakumar S Rastogi (2008)
Gastroprotective effect of standardized extract of Ficus glomerata fruit on
experimental gastric ulcers in rats Journal of Ethnopharmacology 115
323ndash326
Rao KS (2009) Free radical induced oxidative damage to DNA relation to
brain aging and neurological disorders Indian J Biochem Biophys 46 9ndash15
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
Evans C (1999) Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231ndash1237
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
Evans C (1999) Antioxidant activity applying in an improved radical cation
decolorisation assay Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231-1237
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and benzyl adenine and dark- treated graving rice (Oryza sativa) leaves II
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Reitman S Frankel S (1957) Amer JClin Path 2856
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ed New York Academic
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activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids J Free Radic Biol
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Rinella ME Elias MS Smolak RR Fu T Borensztajn J and Green
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and Pharmacology 3(6) 287-292
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Roberts CK Barnard RJ Sindhu RK Jurczak M Ehdaie A and
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and antioxidant enzymes in diet-induced metabolic syndrome Metabolism
55 928ndash934
Robertson G Leclercq I and Farrell GC (2001) Nonalcoholic steatosis
and steatohepatitis II Cytochrome P-450 enzymes and oxidative stress
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Romeo S Sentinelli F Dash S Yeo GS Savage DB Leonetti F
Capoccia D Incani M Maglio C Iacovino M OlsquoRahilly S and Baroni
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Romero AM Mirtha MD Sturia MA and Judis MA (2004)
Antioxidant properties of polyphenol-containing extract from soybean
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Rosenberg HR (1992) Chemistry and Physiology of the citamins Inter
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Rosselli MS Adriana L Burgue˜nob Julieta Carabelli Mariano Schumanb
Carlos J Pirolab and Silvia Sookoiana (2009) Losartan reduces liver
expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in a high fat-induced
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protective effect of Calotropis procera against alloxan-induced diabetics in
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Ryan L OConnell O OSullivan L Aherne SA and OBrien NM
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Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 63(3) 127minus133
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Sagi Y and Youdim MBH (2008) The neuroprotective effect of
ladostigil against hydrogen peroxide-mediated cytotoxicity Chem-Biol
Interact 175 318ndash26
Sahai A Malladi P Melin-Aldana H Green RM and Whitington PF
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development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in a dietary murine model Am
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antioxidant activities of various solvent extracts of Carissa opaca fruits
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Sairam K Rao ChV Babu MD Kumar V Agarwal VK and Goel
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Samuel VT Liu ZX Qu X Elder BD Bilz S Befroy D Romanelli
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Sanyal AJ (2001) Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease a medical consequence
of globalisation Indian JGastroenterol 20 215-216
Sanyal AJ (2002) GA technical review on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Gastroenterology 123 1705ndash1725
Sanyal AJ Campbell-Sargent C Mirshahi F Rizzo WB Contos MJ
Sterling RK Luketic VA Shiffman ML and Clore JN (2001)
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis association of insulin resistance and
mitochondrial abnormalities Gastroenterology 120 (5) 1183ndash1192
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Ed CRC press Boca RatonFL
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and adipocyte hormones and their modulation by rosiglitazone and
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Scherer R and Godoy HT (2009) Antioxidant activity index (AAI) by the
22- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method Food Chemistry 112 654ndash658
Schrauwen P (2007) High-fat diet muscular lipotoxicity and insulin
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Scott MD Lubin BH Zuo L and Kuypers FA (1991) Erythrocyte
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Sen CK (2003) The general case for redox control of wound repair
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Sgro C and Escousse A (1991) Side effects of fibrates (except liver and
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Sharma SK and Gupta VK (2008) PHCOG MAGRearch article In vitro
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Sharma P and Dubey RSH (2005) Drought induces stress and enhances
the activities of antioxidant enzymes in growing rice seedlings Plant Growth
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effects of Ginkgo biloba against CCl4 induced hepatic injury in rats Ind J
Pharamacol 33 260-266
Shigeoka S Ishikawa T Tamoi M Miyagawa Y Takeda T Yabuta
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peroxidise isoenzymes J Exp Bot 53(372) 1305-1319
Shimada K Fujikawa K Yahara K and Nakamura T (1992)
Antioxidative properties of xanthan on the autoxidation of soybean oil in
cyclodextrin emulsion J Agric Food Chem 40 945ndash948
Shimano H (2009) SREBPs physiology and pathophysiology of the
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Shimizu MH Araujo M Borges SM De Tolassa EM and Seguro
AC (2004) Influence of age and vitamin E on post-ischemic acute renal
failure Exp Gerontol 39 825-830
Shoelson SE Lee J and Goldfine AB (2006) Inflammation and insulin
resistance J Clin Invest 116 1793ndash1801
Shukla R Gupta S Gambhir JK Prabhu KM and Murthy PS (2004)
Antioxidant effect of aqueous extract of the bark of Ficus bengalensis in
hypercholesterolaemic rabbits Journal of Ethnopharmacology 92 47ndash51
Sido B Hack V and Hochlehner A (1998) Impairment of intestinal
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Gastroenterol Hepatol 42(4) 485-492
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organs Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 311 617-631
Silva BA Ferreres F Malva JO and Dias ACP (2005)
Phytochemical and antioxidant characterization of Hypericum perforatum
alcoholic extracts Food Chemistry 90 157ndash167
Singanan V Singana M and Begum H (2007) The hepatoprotective
effect of Bael leaves in alcohol induced liver injury in albino rats
International J Science and Technology 2(2) 83-92
Singh M Govindarajan R Nath V Singh RAK and Mehrotra S
(2006) Antimicrobial wound healing and antioxidant activity of
Plagiochasma appendiculatum Lehm et Lind Journal of
Ethanopharamacology 107 67-72
Singh R Wang Y Schattenberg JM Xiang Y and Czaja MJ (2009)
Chronic oxidative stress sensitizes hepatocytes to death from 4-
hydroxynonenal by JNKc-Jun overactivation Am J Physiol Gastrointest
Liver Physiol 297 G907-G917
Singh SP Nayak S and Swain M (2004) Prevalence of non-alcoholic
fatty liver disease in coastal eastern India a preliminary ultrasonographic
survey Trop Gastroentrol 25 76-9
Sirisha N Sreenivasulu M Sangeeta K and Madhusudhana Chetty C
(2010) Antioxidant Properties of Ficus Species ndash A Review International
Journal of PharmTech Research CODEN (USA) IJPRIF ISSN 0974-
4304 Vol2 No4 pp 2174-2182 Oct-Dec 2010
Sivarajan VV and Balachandran I (1994) Ayurvedic Drugs and their
Plant Source Oxford and IBH Publishing Co Pvt Ltd New Delhi India
Smid E J De Witte Y and Gorris L G M (1995) Postharvest Biol
Technol 6 303
Smirnoff N (2001) ―L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis Vitam Horm 61 241-
266
Smirnoff N Cumbes QJ (1989) Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of
compatible solutes Phytochemistry 281057-1060
Solga S Alkhuraishe AR and Clark JM (2004) Dietary composition
and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Dig Dis Sci 491578ndash83
Son IS Kim JH Sohn HY Son KH Kim JS and Kwon CS
(2007) Antioxidative and hypolipidaemic effects of diosgenin a steroidal
saponin of yam (Dioscorea spp) on high-cholesterol fed rats Bioscience
Biotechnology and Biochemistry 71 3063ndash3071
Song BJ Moon KH and Olsson NU (2008) Prevention of alcoholic
fatty liver and mitochondrial dysfunction in the rat by long-chain
polyunsaturated fatty acids J Hepatol 49 262ndash273
Song Y Manson JE Buring JE Sesso HD and Liu S (2005) J Am
Coll Nutr 24 376e384
Sookoian S Castanlsquoo GO Burguenlsquoo AL Gianotti TF Risselli MS
and Pirola CJ (2009) J Lipid Res 52 2111ndash2116
Spady DK and Dietschy JM (1988) Interaction of dietary cholesterol and
triglycerides in the regulation of hepatic low density lipoprotein transport in
the hamster The Journal of Clinical Investigation 81 300ndash309
Spencer JP Jenner A Butler J Aruoma OI Dexter DT Jenner P
and Halliwell B (1996) Evaluation of the pro-oxidant and antioxidant
actions of LDOPA and dopamine in vitro implications for Parkinsons
disease Free Radical Research 24 95-105
Spiteller G (2001) Lipid peroxidation in aging and age-dependent diseases
Exp Geront 36 1425-1457
Spolarics Z and Meyenhofer M (2000) Augmented resistance to oxidative
stress in fatty rat livers induced by a short-term sucrose-rich diet Biochim
Biophys Acta 1487 190-200
Sreejayan N and Rao MNA (1997) Nitric oxide scavenging by
curcuminoids Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 49 105ndash107
Srivastava V (2008) Bioinformation 3 180 [PMID 19238244]
Stadlbauer V Fickert P Lackner C Schmerlaib J Krisper P Trauner
M and Stauber RE (2005) Hepatotoxicity of NONI juice Report of two
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Stadtman ER and Levine RL (2003) Free radical-mediated oxidation of
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Sun Q Ma J Campos H Hankinson SE Manson JE and Stampfer
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Yang JS Lee SJ Park HW and Cha YS (2006) Effect of genistein
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Zhao B (2009) Natural antioxidants protect neurons in Alzheimerlsquos disease
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L Goodly (Ed) Diagnostic Enzymology (pp 1ndash38) Philadelphia USA
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Ogbonnia S Adekunle AA Bosa MK and Enwuru VN (2008)
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Oguzhan B Sancho V Acitores A Villanueva-Penacarrillo ML
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Phytochemistry 26 2789ndash2796
Okada Y Shibata S Javellana AMJ and Kamo O (1988) Entada
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Oteiza PI Erlejman AG Verstraeten SV Keen CL and Fraga CG
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the membrane surface Clin Dev Immunol 12 (1) 19ndash25
Owen R W Giacosa A Hull W E Haubner R Spiegelhalder B and
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Oyaizu M (1986) Studies on product of browning reaction prepared from
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diabetes Science 306457ndash61
Ozturk-Urek R Bozkaya LA and Tarhan L (2001) The effects of some
antioxidant vitamins and trace elements supplemented diets on activities of
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Pacheco-Alvarez D Solorzano-Vargas RS and Leon-Del-Rio A (2002)
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peroxynitrite in health and disease Physiol Rev 87 (1) 315ndash424
Pacher P Beckman JS and Liaudet L (2007) Nitric oxide and
peroxynitrite In health and disease Physiological Reviews 87(1) 315ndash424
Paetau I Khachik F Brown ED Beecher GR Kramer TR and
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Pan HZ Zhang H Chang D Li H and Sui H (2008) The change of
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Ophthalmol 92 548ndash51
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44
Paranjpe P (2001) Indian Medicinal Plants Forgotten Healers A Guide to
Ayurvedic Herbal Medicine Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratisthan Delhi p316
Park CH Yamabe N Noh JS Kang KS Tanaka T Yokozawa T
(2009b) The beneficial effects of morroniside on the inflammatory response
and lipid metabolism in the liver of dbdb mice Biol Pharm Bull 32 1734ndash
1740
Parrotta JA (2006) Healing Plants of Peninsular India CABI Publishing
523ndash524
Patchett AA and Nargund RP (2000) Annu Rep Med Chem 35
289e298
Pauly Nicolas Pucciariello C Mandon K Innocenti G Jamet A
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Peach and Tracey MV (1955) In modern methods of plant analyse 4
373-374
Perez C Canal JR and Torres MD (2003) Experimental diabetes treated
with Ficus carica extract effect on oxidative stress parameters Acta
Diabetologica 40 3ndash8
Perez-Amador MC Ocotero VM Castaneda JMG and Esquinca
ARG (2007) Alkaloids in Solanum torvum Sw (Solanaceae) International
Journal of Experimental Botany 76 39-45
Perry G Cash AD Srinivas R and Smith MA (2002) Metals and
oxidative homeostasis in Alzheimerlsquos disease Drug Development and
Research 56 293ndash299
Pietta PG (2000) Flavonoids and antioxidants J Nat Prod 63 1035-
1042
Pignatelli P Pulcinelli FM and Lenti L (1998) Hydrogen Peroxide Is
Involved in Collagen-Induced Platelet Activation Blood 91 (2) 484-490
Pirola L Johnston AM Van Obberghen E (2004) Modulation of insulin
action Diabetologia 47170ndash84
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secondary metabolites in plants An evolutionary perspective Trends Plant
Sci 5 445-459
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glutathione a cellular protagonist [J] Biochem Pharmacl 66(8) 1499-1503
Prasad K (2010) Effects of vitamin E on serum enzymes and electrolytes in
hypercholesterolemia Molecular Cellular Biochemistry 335 67ndash74
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oxidative damage in rat tissues and its attenuation by dietary sesame oil
Food Chem Toxicol 43 299ndash306
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Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2 289-292
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dehydrogenase in response to cerebral ischemia in rat brain Indian J Clin
Biochem 18 64-70
Rahman NN Khan M and Hasan R (1994) Bioactive components from
Ficus glomerata Pure and Applied Chemistry 66 2287ndash2290
Rajesh MG and Latha MS (2004) Preliminary evaluation of the
antihepatotoxic activity of Kamilari a polyherbal formulation J
Ethanopharmacology 91 99-104
Rajkapoor B Anandan R and Jayakar B (2002) Anti-ulcer effect of
Nigella sativa Linn against gastric ulcers in rats Curr Sci 82 177ndash179
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nutraceutical applications of black cumin (Nigella sativa L) an overview
International Journal of Food Science and Technology 42 1208ndash1218
Ramadan MF and Moumlrsel JT (2004) Oxidative stability of black cumin
(Nigella sativa L) coriander (Coriandrum sativum L) and niger (Guizotia
abyssinica Cass) crude seed oils upon stripping Eur J Lipid Sci Technol
106 35ndash43
Randhawa MA and Al-Ghamdi MS (2002) A review of the
pharmacotherapeutic effects of Nigella sativa Pakistan Journal of Medical
Research 41 77ndash83
Rao BR Murugresan T Sinha S Saha BP Pal M and Mandal SC
(2002) Glucose lowering efficacy of Ficus racemosa barks extract in normal
and alloxan diabetic rats Phytotherapy Research 16 590ndash592
Rao CV Arti R Verma M Vijayakumar S Rastogi (2008)
Gastroprotective effect of standardized extract of Ficus glomerata fruit on
experimental gastric ulcers in rats Journal of Ethnopharmacology 115
323ndash326
Rao KS (2009) Free radical induced oxidative damage to DNA relation to
brain aging and neurological disorders Indian J Biochem Biophys 46 9ndash15
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
Evans C (1999) Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231ndash1237
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
Evans C (1999) Antioxidant activity applying in an improved radical cation
decolorisation assay Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231-1237
Recknagel RO Glende EA JR Waller RL and Loery K (1982) Lipid
peroxidation ndashBiochemistry measurement and signified in liver cell injury in
toxicology in the liver edited by G L Plea and W R Hewilt (Raven press
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induced response of photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism in higher
plants J Plant Physiol 161(11) 1189-1202
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and benzyl adenine and dark- treated graving rice (Oryza sativa) leaves II
Changes in peroxidases activity Plant Cell Physiol 26 987- 994
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710-723
Reitman S Frankel S (1957) Amer JClin Path 2856
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York Plenum Press 279-292
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ed New York Academic
press 6 215-222
Rice-Evans CA Miller NJ and Paganga G (1996) Structurendashantioxidant
activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids J Free Radic Biol
Med 20 933ndash956
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Rinella ME Elias MS Smolak RR Fu T Borensztajn J and Green
RM (2008) Mechanisms of hepatic steatosis in mice fed a lipogenic
methionine choline-deficient diet J Lipid Res 491068ndash76
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efficacies of Cassia fistula An Indian labrum African Journal of Pharmacy
and Pharmacology 3(6) 287-292
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Roberts CK Barnard RJ Sindhu RK Jurczak M Ehdaie A and
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and antioxidant enzymes in diet-induced metabolic syndrome Metabolism
55 928ndash934
Robertson G Leclercq I and Farrell GC (2001) Nonalcoholic steatosis
and steatohepatitis II Cytochrome P-450 enzymes and oxidative stress
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oxidative stress on catalase and MnSOD gene transcription in astrocytes
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Romeo S Sentinelli F Dash S Yeo GS Savage DB Leonetti F
Capoccia D Incani M Maglio C Iacovino M OlsquoRahilly S and Baroni
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Antioxidant properties of polyphenol-containing extract from soybean
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820
Rosenberg HR (1992) Chemistry and Physiology of the citamins Inter
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Carlos J Pirolab and Silvia Sookoiana (2009) Losartan reduces liver
expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in a high fat-induced
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Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 63(3) 127minus133
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Sagi Y and Youdim MBH (2008) The neuroprotective effect of
ladostigil against hydrogen peroxide-mediated cytotoxicity Chem-Biol
Interact 175 318ndash26
Sahai A Malladi P Melin-Aldana H Green RM and Whitington PF
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antioxidant activities of various solvent extracts of Carissa opaca fruits
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Sairam K Rao ChV Babu MD Kumar V Agarwal VK and Goel
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Sanyal AJ (2002) GA technical review on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Gastroenterology 123 1705ndash1725
Sanyal AJ Campbell-Sargent C Mirshahi F Rizzo WB Contos MJ
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Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis association of insulin resistance and
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Scott MD Lubin BH Zuo L and Kuypers FA (1991) Erythrocyte
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Sharma SK and Gupta VK (2008) PHCOG MAGRearch article In vitro
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Antioxidative properties of xanthan on the autoxidation of soybean oil in
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Shimizu MH Araujo M Borges SM De Tolassa EM and Seguro
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Shukla R Gupta S Gambhir JK Prabhu KM and Murthy PS (2004)
Antioxidant effect of aqueous extract of the bark of Ficus bengalensis in
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Phytochemical and antioxidant characterization of Hypericum perforatum
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Singanan V Singana M and Begum H (2007) The hepatoprotective
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International J Science and Technology 2(2) 83-92
Singh M Govindarajan R Nath V Singh RAK and Mehrotra S
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Ethanopharamacology 107 67-72
Singh R Wang Y Schattenberg JM Xiang Y and Czaja MJ (2009)
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Singh SP Nayak S and Swain M (2004) Prevalence of non-alcoholic
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Sirisha N Sreenivasulu M Sangeeta K and Madhusudhana Chetty C
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Smirnoff N Cumbes QJ (1989) Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of
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Solga S Alkhuraishe AR and Clark JM (2004) Dietary composition
and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Dig Dis Sci 491578ndash83
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saponin of yam (Dioscorea spp) on high-cholesterol fed rats Bioscience
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Song BJ Moon KH and Olsson NU (2008) Prevention of alcoholic
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Song Y Manson JE Buring JE Sesso HD and Liu S (2005) J Am
Coll Nutr 24 376e384
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Spolarics Z and Meyenhofer M (2000) Augmented resistance to oxidative
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curcuminoids Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 49 105ndash107
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Stadlbauer V Fickert P Lackner C Schmerlaib J Krisper P Trauner
M and Stauber RE (2005) Hepatotoxicity of NONI juice Report of two
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Stanner SA Hughes J Kelly CN and Buttriss JA (2004) Review of
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Theilmann L (1994) Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on liver and bile duct
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Sudhahar V Kumar SA and Varalakshmi P (2006) Role of lupeol and
lupeol linoleate on lipemicndashoxidative stress in experimental
hypercholesterolemia Life Science 78 1329ndash1335
Sun Q Ma J Campos H Hankinson SE Manson JE and Stampfer
MJ (2007) A prospective study of trans fatty acids in erythrocytes and risk
of coronary heart disease Circulation 115 1858ndash1865
Sun WY Wei W Wu L Gui SY and Wang H (2007) Effects and
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Ethanopharmacol 112 514-524
Suntress ZA and Sheck PN (1995) Prevention of lung injury by
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Suresh PS Kumar A Kumar R and Singh VP (2008) An in silico
[correction of insilico] approach to bioremediation laccase as a case study
J Mol Graph Model 26 (5) 845ndash9 doi101016jjmgm200705005
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starvation its mechanism via tissue mobilization of cholesterol
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Szczeklik A Gryglewski RJ Domagala B Dworski R and Basista M
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Szeto YT Tomlinson B and Benzie IF (2002) Total antioxidant and
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Tapondjou AL Miyamoto T Mirjolet JF Guilbaud N and Lacaille-
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pursaetha Journal of Natural Products 68 1185ndash1190
Targher G Bertolini L Padovani R Poli F Scala L Zenari L
Zoppini G and Falezza G (2006) Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is
associated with carotid artery wall thickness in diet-controlled type 2 diabetic
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critical role of free radicals London
Teli MR James OF Burt AD Bennett MK and Day CP (1995)
The natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver a follow-up study
Hepatology 22 1714ndash1719
Tetri LH Basaranoglu M Brunt EM Yerian LM and Neuschwander-
Tetri BA (2008) Severe NAFLD with hepatic necroinflammatory changes
in mice fed trans fats and a high-fructose corn syrup equivalent Am J
Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 295 G987ndashG995
Thippeswamy NB and Naidu AK (2005) Antioxidant potency of cumin
varieties cumin black cumin and bitter cumin on antioxidant systems Eur
Food Res Technol 220 472ndash476
Tietge UJ Boker KH Bahr MJ Weinberg S Pichlmayr R Schmidt
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Tilak Khanal Jae Ho Choi Yong Pil Hwang Young Chul Chung Hye
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Platycodon grandiflorum against fatty liver in chronic ethanol feeding via the
activation of AMP-dependent protein kinase Food and Chemical
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Ting LP (1982) Plant physiology Addison Wesley Services in Life
Sciences New York USA
Tiwari O P and Tripathi Y B (2007) Antioxidant properties of different
fractions of Vitex negundo Linn Food Chemistry 100 1170ndash1176
Toledo FGS Sniderman AD and Kelley DE (2006) Influence of
hepatic steatosis (fatty liver) on severity and composition of dyslipidemia in
type 2 diabetes Diabetes Care 29 1845ndash50
Tomomichi Chonan Hiroaki Tanaka Daisuke Yamamoto Miyoko Yashiro
Takahiro Oi Daisuke Wakasugi Ayumi Ohoka-Sugita Fusayo Io Hiroko
Koretsune Akira Hiratate (2010) Design and synthesis of disubstituted (4-
piperidinyl)-piperazine derivatives as potent acetyl-CoA carboxylase
inhibitors Bioorganic amp Medicinal Chemistry Letters 20 3965ndash3968
Townsend KL Lorenzi MM and Widmaier EP (2008) High-fat diet-
induced changes in body mass and hypothalamic gene expression in wild-
type and leptindeficient mice Endocrine 33 176ndash188
Trenam CW Blake DR and Morris CJ (1992) Skin inflammation
reactive Oxygen Species and the role of iron Journal of Investigation
Dermatology 99 675-682
Trinder P (1969) Ann Clin Biochem 6 24
Trivedi CP Shinde S and Sharma RC (1969) Preliminary
phytochemical and pharmacological studies on Ficus racemosa extract
(Gular) Indian J Med Res 57 (6) 1070ndash1074
Tuck KL and Hayball PJ (2002) Major phenolic compounds in olive oil
metabolism and health effects Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 13 636ndash
644
Tundis R Bonesi M Deguin B Loizzo MR Menichini F Conforti F
and Menichini F (2009) Cytotoxic activity and inhibitory effect on nitric
oxide production of triterpene saponins from the roots of Physospermum
verticillatum (Waldst and Kit) (Apiaceae) Bioorganic and Medicinal
Chemistry 17 4542ndash4547
Uchida K (2003) 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal a product and mediator of
oxidative stress Prog Lipid Res 42 318-343
Upadhyay RK Pandey MB Jha RN and Pandey VB (2001)
Eclalbatin triterpine saponins from Eclipta alba J Asian Nat Prod Res 3
213-217
Upasani CD and Balaraman R (2001) Effect of vitamin e vitamin C and
spirulina on the levels of membrane bound enzymes and lipids in some
organs of rats exposed to lead Indian J Pharm 33 185-191
Urmila Thatte (2004) Challenges in clinical research on Herbs Indian
JNat Prod 19 (1) 35-36
Urquiaga I and Leighton F (2000) Plant polyphenol antioxidants and
oxidative stress Biol Res Biol 33(2) 55ndash64
Ur-Rahman A Sohail M Ahmed S Iqbal Choudhary M and Ur-
Rahman H (1985) Heterocycles 23 953ndash955
Valko M Leibfritz D Moncol J Cronin MT Mazur M and Telser J
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human disease International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology 39
44ndash84
Valko M Rhodes CJ Moncol J Izakovic M and Mazur M (2006)
Free radicals metals and antioxidants in oxidative stress-induced cancer
Chem-Biol Interact 10 1ndash40
Van den Berg R Haenen GRMM Van den Berg H and Bast A
(1999) Applicability of an improved Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity
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Varela-Rey M Embade N Ariz U Lu SC Mato JM and Martinez-
Chantar ML (2009) Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and animal models
Understanding the human disease The International Journal of Biochemistry
and Cell Biology 41 969ndash976
Venkat Ratnam D Ankolaa D Bhardwaja V Sahanaa DK and Ravi
Kumar MNV (2007) Role of antioxidants in prophylaxis and therapy a
pharmaceutical perspective Journal of Controlled Release 113(3) 189-207
Venukumar MR and Latha MS (2004) Effect of Coscinium fenestratum
on hepatotoxicity in rats Indian J of Exp Bio 42 792-97
Verma A Vijayakumar M Chandana V Rao Chandra S and Mathela
(2010) In vitro and In vivo antioxidant properties and DNA damage
protective activity of green fruit of Ficus glomerata Food and Chemical
Toxicology 48 704ndash709
Verma S and Singh SP (2008) Current and future status of herbal
medicines Vet World 1 347ndash50
Vetelainen R van Vliet A and vcan Gulik TM (2007) Essential
pathogenic and metabolic differences in steatosis induced by choline or
methionine-choline deficient diets in a rat model J Gastroenterol Hepatol
221526-1533
Vichnvetskaia KD and Roy DN (2001) Oxidative stress and
antioxidative defence with an emphasis on plants antioxidants Environ Rev
7 31-35
Videla LA Rodrigo R Orellana M Fernandez V Tapia G Quintildeones
L Varela N Contreras J Lazarte R Csendes A Rojas J Maluenda
F Burdiles P Diaz JC Smok G Thielemann L and Poniachik J
(2004) Oxidative stress-related parameters in the liver of non-alcoholic fatty
liver disease patients Clin Sci (Lond) 106 261-268
Villanova N Moscatiello S and Ramillis S (2005) Endothelial
dysfunction and cardiovascular risk profile in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Am J Gastroenterol 99 1497ndash1502
Vinson JA Zubik L Bose P Samman N Proch J (2005) Dried fruits
excellent invitro and in vivo antioxidants Journal of the American College of
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Wang J Li J Zou Y Chenga W Lu C Zhang L Gea J Huanga C
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Wang K Zhang Y and Yang C (2005) Antioxidant phenolic compounds
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Bilsen M Shiri-Sverdlov R and Hofker MH (2008) Dietary cholesterol
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Rev Mol Cell Biol 9 162ndash176
Yamaguchi F Saito M Ariga T Yoshimura Y and Nakazawa H
(2000) Free radical scavenging activity of garcinol from Garcinia indica
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Yamaguchi K Yang L McCall S Huang J Yu XX Pandey SK
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triglyceride synthesis improves hepatic steatosis but exacerbates liver
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Hepatology 45 1366ndash1374
Yang H Roberts LJ Jian Shi M Chun Zhou Li Ballard BR
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Yang JS Lee SJ Park HW and Cha YS (2006) Effect of genistein
with carnitine administration on lipid parameters and obesity in C57Bl6J
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Yang RL Li W Shi YH and Le GW (2008) Lipoic acid prevents
high-fat dietndashinduced dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress A microarray
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Yang S Zhu H Li Y Lin H Gabrielson K Trush MA and Diehl
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Arch Biochem Biophys 378 259-268
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(2005) Fatty acid-mediated intracellular iron translocation a synergistic
mechanism of oxidative injury Free Radic Biol Med 39(10) 1385ndash1398
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spontaneous lipid peroxidation following glutathione depletion Plant Med
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Yu L Haley S Perret J Harris M Wilson J and Qian M (2002) Free
radical scavenging properties of wheat extracts J Agri Food Chem 50
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ginseng prevents the onset of high-fat diet induced hyperglycemia and
obesity in ICR mice Arch Pham Res 27 790ndash6
Zak B (1954) Cholesterol Methodologies A review Clin Chem 23 1201
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Zhang HM Chen SW Zhang LS and Feng XF (2008) The effects of
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glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase via cAMP in aortic endothelial cells J
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Zhao B (2009) Natural antioxidants protect neurons in Alzheimerlsquos disease
and Parkinsonlsquos disease Neurochem Res 34 630ndash8
Zheng S Hoos L Cook J Tetzloff G Harry DJ and Van Heek M
(2008) Ezetimibe improves high fat and cholesterol diet-induced non-
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Hypolipidaemic effect of n-butanol extract from Asparagus officinalis L in
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L Goodly (Ed) Diagnostic Enzymology (pp 1ndash38) Philadelphia USA
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steatohepatitis Hepatology 37 909ndash16
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antioxidant vitamins and trace elements supplemented diets on activities of
SOD CAT GSH-Px and LPO levels in chicken tissues Cell Biochemistry
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peroxynitrite In health and disease Physiological Reviews 87(1) 315ndash424
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oxidative damage in rat tissues and its attenuation by dietary sesame oil
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Randhawa MA and Al-Ghamdi MS (2002) A review of the
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Rao BR Murugresan T Sinha S Saha BP Pal M and Mandal SC
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and alloxan diabetic rats Phytotherapy Research 16 590ndash592
Rao CV Arti R Verma M Vijayakumar S Rastogi (2008)
Gastroprotective effect of standardized extract of Ficus glomerata fruit on
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Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
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Rinella ME Elias MS Smolak RR Fu T Borensztajn J and Green
RM (2008) Mechanisms of hepatic steatosis in mice fed a lipogenic
methionine choline-deficient diet J Lipid Res 491068ndash76
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Robak J Maran and Kiewicz R (1995) Scavenging of reactive oxygen
species as the mechanism of drug action Polish J of Pharmacol 47 89-98
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Roberts CK Barnard RJ Sindhu RK Jurczak M Ehdaie A and
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and antioxidant enzymes in diet-induced metabolic syndrome Metabolism
55 928ndash934
Robertson G Leclercq I and Farrell GC (2001) Nonalcoholic steatosis
and steatohepatitis II Cytochrome P-450 enzymes and oxidative stress
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Brain Res 900 128-136
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Romeo S Sentinelli F Dash S Yeo GS Savage DB Leonetti F
Capoccia D Incani M Maglio C Iacovino M OlsquoRahilly S and Baroni
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Romero AM Mirtha MD Sturia MA and Judis MA (2004)
Antioxidant properties of polyphenol-containing extract from soybean
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Rosenberg HR (1992) Chemistry and Physiology of the citamins Inter
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Rosselli MS Adriana L Burgue˜nob Julieta Carabelli Mariano Schumanb
Carlos J Pirolab and Silvia Sookoiana (2009) Losartan reduces liver
expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in a high fat-induced
rat nonalcoholic fatty liver disease model Atherosclerosis 206 119ndash126
Roy S Sehgal R Pahdy BM and Kumar VL (2005) Antioxidant and
protective effect of Calotropis procera against alloxan-induced diabetics in
rats J Ethanopharmacol 102 470-473
Ryan L OConnell O OSullivan L Aherne SA and OBrien NM
(2008) Micellarisation of carotenoids from raw and cooked vegetables
Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 63(3) 127minus133
Sadasivam S Manickam A (1997) Biochemical methods Second edition
Newage international Pvt Ltd
Sagi Y and Youdim MBH (2008) The neuroprotective effect of
ladostigil against hydrogen peroxide-mediated cytotoxicity Chem-Biol
Interact 175 318ndash26
Sahai A Malladi P Melin-Aldana H Green RM and Whitington PF
(2004) Up regulation of osteopontin expression is involved in the
development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in a dietary murine model Am
J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 287 G264-G273
Sahreen S Rashid Khan M and Ali Khan R (2010) Evaluation of
antioxidant activities of various solvent extracts of Carissa opaca fruits
Food Chemistry 122 1205ndash1211
Sairam K Rao ChV Babu MD Kumar V Agarwal VK and Goel
RK (2002) Antiulcerogenic activity of methanolic extract of Emblica
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Sallie R Tredgr JM and William (1999) Drugs and the liver Biopharm
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Samuel VT Liu ZX Qu X Elder BD Bilz S Befroy D Romanelli
AJ and Shulman GI (2004) Mechanism of hepatic insulin resistance in
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Sanyal AJ (2001) Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease a medical consequence
of globalisation Indian JGastroenterol 20 215-216
Sanyal AJ (2002) GA technical review on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Gastroenterology 123 1705ndash1725
Sanyal AJ Campbell-Sargent C Mirshahi F Rizzo WB Contos MJ
Sterling RK Luketic VA Shiffman ML and Clore JN (2001)
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis association of insulin resistance and
mitochondrial abnormalities Gastroenterology 120 (5) 1183ndash1192
Sarabu R and Tilley J (2005) Annu Rep Med Chem 40 167e181
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Sasaki YF Kawaguchi S KamayaA OhshitaM Kabasawa K and
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Environmental Mutagenesis 519 103ndash109
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Antioxidative properties of xanthan on the autoxidation of soybean oil in
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Yang H Roberts LJ Jian Shi M Chun Zhou Li Ballard BR
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Yang JS Lee SJ Park HW and Cha YS (2006) Effect of genistein
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Yang S Zhu H Li Y Lin H Gabrielson K Trush MA and Diehl
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spontaneous lipid peroxidation following glutathione depletion Plant Med
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Yu L Haley S Perret J Harris M Wilson J and Qian M (2002) Free
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Yun SN Moon SJ Ko SK Im BO and Chung SH (2004) Wild
ginseng prevents the onset of high-fat diet induced hyperglycemia and
obesity in ICR mice Arch Pham Res 27 790ndash6
Zak B (1954) Cholesterol Methodologies A review Clin Chem 23 1201
Zhai S Dai R Friedman FK and Vestal RE (1998) Drug Metab
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Zhang HM Chen SW Zhang LS and Feng XF (2008) The effects of
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Zhao B (2009) Natural antioxidants protect neurons in Alzheimerlsquos disease
and Parkinsonlsquos disease Neurochem Res 34 630ndash8
Zheng S Hoos L Cook J Tetzloff G Harry DJ and Van Heek M
(2008) Ezetimibe improves high fat and cholesterol diet-induced non-
alcoholic fatty liver disease Vascular Health and Risk Management 4 235ndash
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Zhu X Zhang W Pang X Wang J Zhao J and Qu W (2011)
Hypolipidaemic effect of n-butanol extract from Asparagus officinalis L in
mice fed a high-fat diet Phytotherapy Research 31 doi101002ptr3380
Zimmerman H J and Seeff L B (1970) Enzymes in hepatic disease In E
L Goodly (Ed) Diagnostic Enzymology (pp 1ndash38) Philadelphia USA
Lea amp Febiger
Zimmet P Shaw J and Alberti KG (2003) Preventing Type 2 Diabetes
and the Dysmetabolic Syndrome in the Real World a Realistic View Diabet
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Neuhouser ML (2004) Flavonoids and cancer risk evidence from human
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Neuschwander-Tetri BA and Caldwell SH (2003) Nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis summary of an AASLD single topic conference Hepatology
371202ndash19
Newman DJ Cragg GM and Snader KM (2000) The influence of
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Nield and Pearson Burtis CA and Ashwood A (1963) In Text Book of
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Nzowa LK Barboni L Teponno RB Ricciutelli M Lupidi G Luana
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Rheediinosides A and B two antiproliferative and antioxidant triterpene
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carotenoids are more bioaccessible from fruits than dark green vegetables
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Ogbonnia OS Nkemehule EF and Anyika NE (2009) Evaluation of
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(Fam Verbanaceae) extrct in animals Afr J Biotecnol 8(9) 1793-1799
Ogbonnia S Adekunle AA Bosa MK and Enwuru VN (2008)
Evaluation of acute and subacute toxicity of Alstnia congensis Engler
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Oguzhan B Sancho V Acitores A Villanueva-Penacarrillo ML
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Phytochemistry 26 2789ndash2796
Okada Y Shibata S Javellana AMJ and Kamo O (1988) Entada
saponins (ES) II and IV from the bark of Entada phaseoloides Chemical and
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Olszewska M (2007) Quantitative HPLC analysis of flavonoids and
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convenient substrate for determination and study of L-and D-glutamyl trans
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Oteiza PI Erlejman AG Verstraeten SV Keen CL and Fraga CG
(2005) Flavonoidndashmembrane interaction a protective role of flavonoids at
the membrane surface Clin Dev Immunol 12 (1) 19ndash25
Owen R W Giacosa A Hull W E Haubner R Spiegelhalder B and
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compounds isolated from olive oil European Journal of Cancer 36 1235ndash
1247
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diabetes Science 306457ndash61
Ozturk-Urek R Bozkaya LA and Tarhan L (2001) The effects of some
antioxidant vitamins and trace elements supplemented diets on activities of
SOD CAT GSH-Px and LPO levels in chicken tissues Cell Biochemistry
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Biotin in metabolism and its relationship tohuman disease Arch Med Res
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peroxynitrite in health and disease Physiol Rev 87 (1) 315ndash424
Pacher P Beckman JS and Liaudet L (2007) Nitric oxide and
peroxynitrite In health and disease Physiological Reviews 87(1) 315ndash424
Paetau I Khachik F Brown ED Beecher GR Kramer TR and
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Pan HZ Zhang H Chang D Li H and Sui H (2008) The change of
oxidative stress products in diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy Br J
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44
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Ayurvedic Herbal Medicine Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratisthan Delhi p316
Park CH Yamabe N Noh JS Kang KS Tanaka T Yokozawa T
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1740
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Perez C Canal JR and Torres MD (2003) Experimental diabetes treated
with Ficus carica extract effect on oxidative stress parameters Acta
Diabetologica 40 3ndash8
Perez-Amador MC Ocotero VM Castaneda JMG and Esquinca
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Perry G Cash AD Srinivas R and Smith MA (2002) Metals and
oxidative homeostasis in Alzheimerlsquos disease Drug Development and
Research 56 293ndash299
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1042
Pignatelli P Pulcinelli FM and Lenti L (1998) Hydrogen Peroxide Is
Involved in Collagen-Induced Platelet Activation Blood 91 (2) 484-490
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action Diabetologia 47170ndash84
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secondary metabolites in plants An evolutionary perspective Trends Plant
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glutathione a cellular protagonist [J] Biochem Pharmacl 66(8) 1499-1503
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hypercholesterolemia Molecular Cellular Biochemistry 335 67ndash74
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oxidative damage in rat tissues and its attenuation by dietary sesame oil
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Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2 289-292
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Rahman NN Khan M and Hasan R (1994) Bioactive components from
Ficus glomerata Pure and Applied Chemistry 66 2287ndash2290
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antihepatotoxic activity of Kamilari a polyherbal formulation J
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Rajkapoor B Anandan R and Jayakar B (2002) Anti-ulcer effect of
Nigella sativa Linn against gastric ulcers in rats Curr Sci 82 177ndash179
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nutraceutical applications of black cumin (Nigella sativa L) an overview
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(Nigella sativa L) coriander (Coriandrum sativum L) and niger (Guizotia
abyssinica Cass) crude seed oils upon stripping Eur J Lipid Sci Technol
106 35ndash43
Randhawa MA and Al-Ghamdi MS (2002) A review of the
pharmacotherapeutic effects of Nigella sativa Pakistan Journal of Medical
Research 41 77ndash83
Rao BR Murugresan T Sinha S Saha BP Pal M and Mandal SC
(2002) Glucose lowering efficacy of Ficus racemosa barks extract in normal
and alloxan diabetic rats Phytotherapy Research 16 590ndash592
Rao CV Arti R Verma M Vijayakumar S Rastogi (2008)
Gastroprotective effect of standardized extract of Ficus glomerata fruit on
experimental gastric ulcers in rats Journal of Ethnopharmacology 115
323ndash326
Rao KS (2009) Free radical induced oxidative damage to DNA relation to
brain aging and neurological disorders Indian J Biochem Biophys 46 9ndash15
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
Evans C (1999) Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231ndash1237
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
Evans C (1999) Antioxidant activity applying in an improved radical cation
decolorisation assay Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231-1237
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peroxidation ndashBiochemistry measurement and signified in liver cell injury in
toxicology in the liver edited by G L Plea and W R Hewilt (Raven press
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induced response of photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism in higher
plants J Plant Physiol 161(11) 1189-1202
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and benzyl adenine and dark- treated graving rice (Oryza sativa) leaves II
Changes in peroxidases activity Plant Cell Physiol 26 987- 994
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710-723
Reitman S Frankel S (1957) Amer JClin Path 2856
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York Plenum Press 279-292
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ed New York Academic
press 6 215-222
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activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids J Free Radic Biol
Med 20 933ndash956
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Rinella ME Elias MS Smolak RR Fu T Borensztajn J and Green
RM (2008) Mechanisms of hepatic steatosis in mice fed a lipogenic
methionine choline-deficient diet J Lipid Res 491068ndash76
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efficacies of Cassia fistula An Indian labrum African Journal of Pharmacy
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Roberts CK Barnard RJ Sindhu RK Jurczak M Ehdaie A and
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and antioxidant enzymes in diet-induced metabolic syndrome Metabolism
55 928ndash934
Robertson G Leclercq I and Farrell GC (2001) Nonalcoholic steatosis
and steatohepatitis II Cytochrome P-450 enzymes and oxidative stress
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Capoccia D Incani M Maglio C Iacovino M OlsquoRahilly S and Baroni
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Antioxidant properties of polyphenol-containing extract from soybean
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Rosenberg HR (1992) Chemistry and Physiology of the citamins Inter
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Carlos J Pirolab and Silvia Sookoiana (2009) Losartan reduces liver
expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in a high fat-induced
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Ryan L OConnell O OSullivan L Aherne SA and OBrien NM
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Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 63(3) 127minus133
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Sagi Y and Youdim MBH (2008) The neuroprotective effect of
ladostigil against hydrogen peroxide-mediated cytotoxicity Chem-Biol
Interact 175 318ndash26
Sahai A Malladi P Melin-Aldana H Green RM and Whitington PF
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antioxidant activities of various solvent extracts of Carissa opaca fruits
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Sairam K Rao ChV Babu MD Kumar V Agarwal VK and Goel
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Samuel VT Liu ZX Qu X Elder BD Bilz S Befroy D Romanelli
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Sanyal AJ (2002) GA technical review on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Gastroenterology 123 1705ndash1725
Sanyal AJ Campbell-Sargent C Mirshahi F Rizzo WB Contos MJ
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Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis association of insulin resistance and
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Sharma SK and Gupta VK (2008) PHCOG MAGRearch article In vitro
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Sharma P and Dubey RSH (2005) Drought induces stress and enhances
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Antioxidative properties of xanthan on the autoxidation of soybean oil in
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Shimizu MH Araujo M Borges SM De Tolassa EM and Seguro
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Shukla R Gupta S Gambhir JK Prabhu KM and Murthy PS (2004)
Antioxidant effect of aqueous extract of the bark of Ficus bengalensis in
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Phytochemical and antioxidant characterization of Hypericum perforatum
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Singanan V Singana M and Begum H (2007) The hepatoprotective
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International J Science and Technology 2(2) 83-92
Singh M Govindarajan R Nath V Singh RAK and Mehrotra S
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Ethanopharamacology 107 67-72
Singh R Wang Y Schattenberg JM Xiang Y and Czaja MJ (2009)
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Singh SP Nayak S and Swain M (2004) Prevalence of non-alcoholic
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Sirisha N Sreenivasulu M Sangeeta K and Madhusudhana Chetty C
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Smirnoff N (2001) ―L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis Vitam Horm 61 241-
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Smirnoff N Cumbes QJ (1989) Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of
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Solga S Alkhuraishe AR and Clark JM (2004) Dietary composition
and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Dig Dis Sci 491578ndash83
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saponin of yam (Dioscorea spp) on high-cholesterol fed rats Bioscience
Biotechnology and Biochemistry 71 3063ndash3071
Song BJ Moon KH and Olsson NU (2008) Prevention of alcoholic
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Song Y Manson JE Buring JE Sesso HD and Liu S (2005) J Am
Coll Nutr 24 376e384
Sookoian S Castanlsquoo GO Burguenlsquoo AL Gianotti TF Risselli MS
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Spolarics Z and Meyenhofer M (2000) Augmented resistance to oxidative
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curcuminoids Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 49 105ndash107
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Stadlbauer V Fickert P Lackner C Schmerlaib J Krisper P Trauner
M and Stauber RE (2005) Hepatotoxicity of NONI juice Report of two
cases World J Gastroenterol 11 4758ndash4760
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free amino acids and amino acid residues in proteins Amino Acids 25 207-
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Stanner SA Hughes J Kelly CN and Buttriss JA (2004) Review of
the epidemiological evidence for the antioxidant hypotheses Public Health
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Steiner RP (1986) Folk Medicine ndash The Art and the Science American
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Stickel F and Schuppan D (2007) Herbal medicine in the treatment of
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Med Hypotheses 60 567-572
Stiehl A Walker S Stiehl L Rudolph G Hofmann WJ and
Theilmann L (1994) Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on liver and bile duct
disease in primary sclerosing cholangitis A 3-year pilot study with a
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Sudhahar V Kumar SA and Varalakshmi P (2006) Role of lupeol and
lupeol linoleate on lipemicndashoxidative stress in experimental
hypercholesterolemia Life Science 78 1329ndash1335
Sun Q Ma J Campos H Hankinson SE Manson JE and Stampfer
MJ (2007) A prospective study of trans fatty acids in erythrocytes and risk
of coronary heart disease Circulation 115 1858ndash1865
Sun WY Wei W Wu L Gui SY and Wang H (2007) Effects and
mechanisms of extract from Paeonia lactiflora and Astragalus
membranaceus on liver fibrosis induced by CCl4 in rats J
Ethanopharmacol 112 514-524
Suntress ZA and Sheck PN (1995) Prevention of lung injury by
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Suresh PS Kumar A Kumar R and Singh VP (2008) An in silico
[correction of insilico] approach to bioremediation laccase as a case study
J Mol Graph Model 26 (5) 845ndash9 doi101016jjmgm200705005
PMID 17606396
Swanr JC and Connor WE (1975) Hypercholesterolemia of total
starvation its mechanism via tissue mobilization of cholesterol
AmJPhysiol 229 365-369
Szczeklik A Gryglewski RJ Domagala B Dworski R and Basista M
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430
Szeto YT Tomlinson B and Benzie IF (2002) Total antioxidant and
ascorbic acid content of fresh fruits and vegetables Implications for dietary
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Taher A Ismaeel H and Cappellini MD (2006) Thalassemia intermedia
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Tapondjou AL Miyamoto T Mirjolet JF Guilbaud N and Lacaille-
Dubois MA (2005) Pursaethosides AndashE triterpene saponins from Entada
pursaetha Journal of Natural Products 68 1185ndash1190
Targher G Bertolini L Padovani R Poli F Scala L Zenari L
Zoppini G and Falezza G (2006) Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is
associated with carotid artery wall thickness in diet-controlled type 2 diabetic
patients J Endocrinol Invest 29 55ndash60
Taylor and Francis (2000) Toxicology of the Human Environment - the
critical role of free radicals London
Teli MR James OF Burt AD Bennett MK and Day CP (1995)
The natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver a follow-up study
Hepatology 22 1714ndash1719
Tetri LH Basaranoglu M Brunt EM Yerian LM and Neuschwander-
Tetri BA (2008) Severe NAFLD with hepatic necroinflammatory changes
in mice fed trans fats and a high-fructose corn syrup equivalent Am J
Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 295 G987ndashG995
Thippeswamy NB and Naidu AK (2005) Antioxidant potency of cumin
varieties cumin black cumin and bitter cumin on antioxidant systems Eur
Food Res Technol 220 472ndash476
Tietge UJ Boker KH Bahr MJ Weinberg S Pichlmayr R Schmidt
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patients with cirrhosis and after liver transplantation Hepato-
gastroenterology 45(24) 2255-2260
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Tilak Khanal Jae Ho Choi Yong Pil Hwang Young Chul Chung Hye
Gwang Jeong (2009) Protective effects of saponins from the root of
Platycodon grandiflorum against fatty liver in chronic ethanol feeding via the
activation of AMP-dependent protein kinase Food and Chemical
Toxicology 47 2749ndash2754
Ting LP (1982) Plant physiology Addison Wesley Services in Life
Sciences New York USA
Tiwari O P and Tripathi Y B (2007) Antioxidant properties of different
fractions of Vitex negundo Linn Food Chemistry 100 1170ndash1176
Toledo FGS Sniderman AD and Kelley DE (2006) Influence of
hepatic steatosis (fatty liver) on severity and composition of dyslipidemia in
type 2 diabetes Diabetes Care 29 1845ndash50
Tomomichi Chonan Hiroaki Tanaka Daisuke Yamamoto Miyoko Yashiro
Takahiro Oi Daisuke Wakasugi Ayumi Ohoka-Sugita Fusayo Io Hiroko
Koretsune Akira Hiratate (2010) Design and synthesis of disubstituted (4-
piperidinyl)-piperazine derivatives as potent acetyl-CoA carboxylase
inhibitors Bioorganic amp Medicinal Chemistry Letters 20 3965ndash3968
Townsend KL Lorenzi MM and Widmaier EP (2008) High-fat diet-
induced changes in body mass and hypothalamic gene expression in wild-
type and leptindeficient mice Endocrine 33 176ndash188
Trenam CW Blake DR and Morris CJ (1992) Skin inflammation
reactive Oxygen Species and the role of iron Journal of Investigation
Dermatology 99 675-682
Trinder P (1969) Ann Clin Biochem 6 24
Trivedi CP Shinde S and Sharma RC (1969) Preliminary
phytochemical and pharmacological studies on Ficus racemosa extract
(Gular) Indian J Med Res 57 (6) 1070ndash1074
Tuck KL and Hayball PJ (2002) Major phenolic compounds in olive oil
metabolism and health effects Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 13 636ndash
644
Tundis R Bonesi M Deguin B Loizzo MR Menichini F Conforti F
and Menichini F (2009) Cytotoxic activity and inhibitory effect on nitric
oxide production of triterpene saponins from the roots of Physospermum
verticillatum (Waldst and Kit) (Apiaceae) Bioorganic and Medicinal
Chemistry 17 4542ndash4547
Uchida K (2003) 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal a product and mediator of
oxidative stress Prog Lipid Res 42 318-343
Upadhyay RK Pandey MB Jha RN and Pandey VB (2001)
Eclalbatin triterpine saponins from Eclipta alba J Asian Nat Prod Res 3
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Chem-Biol Interact 10 1ndash40
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Yang H Roberts LJ Jian Shi M Chun Zhou Li Ballard BR
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oxidative damage in rat tissues and its attenuation by dietary sesame oil
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Rahman NN Khan M and Hasan R (1994) Bioactive components from
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Randhawa MA and Al-Ghamdi MS (2002) A review of the
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Rao BR Murugresan T Sinha S Saha BP Pal M and Mandal SC
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and alloxan diabetic rats Phytotherapy Research 16 590ndash592
Rao CV Arti R Verma M Vijayakumar S Rastogi (2008)
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Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
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Rinella ME Elias MS Smolak RR Fu T Borensztajn J and Green
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and antioxidant enzymes in diet-induced metabolic syndrome Metabolism
55 928ndash934
Robertson G Leclercq I and Farrell GC (2001) Nonalcoholic steatosis
and steatohepatitis II Cytochrome P-450 enzymes and oxidative stress
American Journal of Physiology Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 281
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Romeo S Sentinelli F Dash S Yeo GS Savage DB Leonetti F
Capoccia D Incani M Maglio C Iacovino M OlsquoRahilly S and Baroni
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Romero AM Mirtha MD Sturia MA and Judis MA (2004)
Antioxidant properties of polyphenol-containing extract from soybean
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Rosenberg HR (1992) Chemistry and Physiology of the citamins Inter
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Rosselli MS Adriana L Burgue˜nob Julieta Carabelli Mariano Schumanb
Carlos J Pirolab and Silvia Sookoiana (2009) Losartan reduces liver
expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in a high fat-induced
rat nonalcoholic fatty liver disease model Atherosclerosis 206 119ndash126
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protective effect of Calotropis procera against alloxan-induced diabetics in
rats J Ethanopharmacol 102 470-473
Ryan L OConnell O OSullivan L Aherne SA and OBrien NM
(2008) Micellarisation of carotenoids from raw and cooked vegetables
Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 63(3) 127minus133
Sadasivam S Manickam A (1997) Biochemical methods Second edition
Newage international Pvt Ltd
Sagi Y and Youdim MBH (2008) The neuroprotective effect of
ladostigil against hydrogen peroxide-mediated cytotoxicity Chem-Biol
Interact 175 318ndash26
Sahai A Malladi P Melin-Aldana H Green RM and Whitington PF
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development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in a dietary murine model Am
J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 287 G264-G273
Sahreen S Rashid Khan M and Ali Khan R (2010) Evaluation of
antioxidant activities of various solvent extracts of Carissa opaca fruits
Food Chemistry 122 1205ndash1211
Sairam K Rao ChV Babu MD Kumar V Agarwal VK and Goel
RK (2002) Antiulcerogenic activity of methanolic extract of Emblica
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Sallie R Tredgr JM and William (1999) Drugs and the liver Biopharm
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Samuel VT Liu ZX Qu X Elder BD Bilz S Befroy D Romanelli
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Sanyal AJ (2001) Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease a medical consequence
of globalisation Indian JGastroenterol 20 215-216
Sanyal AJ (2002) GA technical review on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Gastroenterology 123 1705ndash1725
Sanyal AJ Campbell-Sargent C Mirshahi F Rizzo WB Contos MJ
Sterling RK Luketic VA Shiffman ML and Clore JN (2001)
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis association of insulin resistance and
mitochondrial abnormalities Gastroenterology 120 (5) 1183ndash1192
Sarabu R and Tilley J (2005) Annu Rep Med Chem 40 167e181
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Sasaki YF Kawaguchi S KamayaA OhshitaM Kabasawa K and
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currently used food additives Mutation ResearchGenetic Toxicology and
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Satheesh AM and Pari L (2004) Antioxidant effect of Boerhavia diffusa
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Satyavati GV (1982) Some traditional medical systems and practise of
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Sauberlich HE (1999) Laboratory tests for the assessment of nutritional
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Ed CRC press Boca RatonFL
Scandalios JG (1987) The antioxidant enzyme genes CAT and SOD of
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Schaalan M El-Abhar HS Barakat M and El-Denshary ES (2008)
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and adipocyte hormones and their modulation by rosiglitazone and
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Scherer R and Godoy HT (2009) Antioxidant activity index (AAI) by the
22- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method Food Chemistry 112 654ndash658
Schrauwen P (2007) High-fat diet muscular lipotoxicity and insulin
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Scott MD Lubin BH Zuo L and Kuypers FA (1991) Erythrocyte
defence against hydrogen peroxide Preeminent importance of catalase J
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Sen CK (1995) Oxygen toxicity and antioxidants state of the art Int J
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Antioxidative properties of xanthan on the autoxidation of soybean oil in
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Antioxidant effect of aqueous extract of the bark of Ficus bengalensis in
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Phytochemical and antioxidant characterization of Hypericum perforatum
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Yang H Roberts LJ Jian Shi M Chun Zhou Li Ballard BR
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Yang JS Lee SJ Park HW and Cha YS (2006) Effect of genistein
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Yu L Haley S Perret J Harris M Wilson J and Qian M (2002) Free
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Yun SN Moon SJ Ko SK Im BO and Chung SH (2004) Wild
ginseng prevents the onset of high-fat diet induced hyperglycemia and
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Zak B (1954) Cholesterol Methodologies A review Clin Chem 23 1201
Zhai S Dai R Friedman FK and Vestal RE (1998) Drug Metab
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Zhang HM Chen SW Zhang LS and Feng XF (2008) The effects of
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Zhao B (2009) Natural antioxidants protect neurons in Alzheimerlsquos disease
and Parkinsonlsquos disease Neurochem Res 34 630ndash8
Zheng S Hoos L Cook J Tetzloff G Harry DJ and Van Heek M
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alcoholic fatty liver disease Vascular Health and Risk Management 4 235ndash
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Zhu X Zhang W Pang X Wang J Zhao J and Qu W (2011)
Hypolipidaemic effect of n-butanol extract from Asparagus officinalis L in
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Zimmerman H J and Seeff L B (1970) Enzymes in hepatic disease In E
L Goodly (Ed) Diagnostic Enzymology (pp 1ndash38) Philadelphia USA
Lea amp Febiger
Zimmet P Shaw J and Alberti KG (2003) Preventing Type 2 Diabetes
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Ozcan U Cao Q Yilmaz E Lee AH Iwakoshi NN and Ozdelen E
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diabetes Science 306457ndash61
Ozturk-Urek R Bozkaya LA and Tarhan L (2001) The effects of some
antioxidant vitamins and trace elements supplemented diets on activities of
SOD CAT GSH-Px and LPO levels in chicken tissues Cell Biochemistry
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Biotin in metabolism and its relationship tohuman disease Arch Med Res
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peroxynitrite in health and disease Physiol Rev 87 (1) 315ndash424
Pacher P Beckman JS and Liaudet L (2007) Nitric oxide and
peroxynitrite In health and disease Physiological Reviews 87(1) 315ndash424
Paetau I Khachik F Brown ED Beecher GR Kramer TR and
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Pan HZ Zhang H Chang D Li H and Sui H (2008) The change of
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Paranjpe P (2001) Indian Medicinal Plants Forgotten Healers A Guide to
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Patchett AA and Nargund RP (2000) Annu Rep Med Chem 35
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Pauly Nicolas Pucciariello C Mandon K Innocenti G Jamet A
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Pignatelli P Pulcinelli FM and Lenti L (1998) Hydrogen Peroxide Is
Involved in Collagen-Induced Platelet Activation Blood 91 (2) 484-490
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Prasad K (2010) Effects of vitamin E on serum enzymes and electrolytes in
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Prasamthi Muralidhara K and Rajini PS (2005) Fenvalerate-induced
oxidative damage in rat tissues and its attenuation by dietary sesame oil
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Pryor WA (1993) Measurement of oxidative stress status in humans
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2 289-292
Puppo A (1992) Effect of flavonoids on hydroxyl radical formation by
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85ndash88
Rachna A and Abdelhaq R (2003) Redistribution of glucose-6-phosphate
dehydrogenase in response to cerebral ischemia in rat brain Indian J Clin
Biochem 18 64-70
Rahman NN Khan M and Hasan R (1994) Bioactive components from
Ficus glomerata Pure and Applied Chemistry 66 2287ndash2290
Rajesh MG and Latha MS (2004) Preliminary evaluation of the
antihepatotoxic activity of Kamilari a polyherbal formulation J
Ethanopharmacology 91 99-104
Rajkapoor B Anandan R and Jayakar B (2002) Anti-ulcer effect of
Nigella sativa Linn against gastric ulcers in rats Curr Sci 82 177ndash179
Ramadan MF (2007) Nutritional value functional properties and
nutraceutical applications of black cumin (Nigella sativa L) an overview
International Journal of Food Science and Technology 42 1208ndash1218
Ramadan MF and Moumlrsel JT (2004) Oxidative stability of black cumin
(Nigella sativa L) coriander (Coriandrum sativum L) and niger (Guizotia
abyssinica Cass) crude seed oils upon stripping Eur J Lipid Sci Technol
106 35ndash43
Randhawa MA and Al-Ghamdi MS (2002) A review of the
pharmacotherapeutic effects of Nigella sativa Pakistan Journal of Medical
Research 41 77ndash83
Rao BR Murugresan T Sinha S Saha BP Pal M and Mandal SC
(2002) Glucose lowering efficacy of Ficus racemosa barks extract in normal
and alloxan diabetic rats Phytotherapy Research 16 590ndash592
Rao CV Arti R Verma M Vijayakumar S Rastogi (2008)
Gastroprotective effect of standardized extract of Ficus glomerata fruit on
experimental gastric ulcers in rats Journal of Ethnopharmacology 115
323ndash326
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brain aging and neurological disorders Indian J Biochem Biophys 46 9ndash15
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
Evans C (1999) Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231ndash1237
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
Evans C (1999) Antioxidant activity applying in an improved radical cation
decolorisation assay Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231-1237
Recknagel RO Glende EA JR Waller RL and Loery K (1982) Lipid
peroxidation ndashBiochemistry measurement and signified in liver cell injury in
toxicology in the liver edited by G L Plea and W R Hewilt (Raven press
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induced response of photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism in higher
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and benzyl adenine and dark- treated graving rice (Oryza sativa) leaves II
Changes in peroxidases activity Plant Cell Physiol 26 987- 994
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710-723
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York Plenum Press 279-292
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ed New York Academic
press 6 215-222
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activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids J Free Radic Biol
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Rinella ME Elias MS Smolak RR Fu T Borensztajn J and Green
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Roberts CK Barnard RJ Sindhu RK Jurczak M Ehdaie A and
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and antioxidant enzymes in diet-induced metabolic syndrome Metabolism
55 928ndash934
Robertson G Leclercq I and Farrell GC (2001) Nonalcoholic steatosis
and steatohepatitis II Cytochrome P-450 enzymes and oxidative stress
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Antioxidant properties of polyphenol-containing extract from soybean
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expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in a high fat-induced
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Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 63(3) 127minus133
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antioxidant activities of various solvent extracts of Carissa opaca fruits
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Gastroenterology 123 1705ndash1725
Sanyal AJ Campbell-Sargent C Mirshahi F Rizzo WB Contos MJ
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Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis association of insulin resistance and
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Antioxidative properties of xanthan on the autoxidation of soybean oil in
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Antioxidant effect of aqueous extract of the bark of Ficus bengalensis in
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Singh M Govindarajan R Nath V Singh RAK and Mehrotra S
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Solga S Alkhuraishe AR and Clark JM (2004) Dietary composition
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Sudhahar V Kumar SA and Varalakshmi P (2006) Role of lupeol and
lupeol linoleate on lipemicndashoxidative stress in experimental
hypercholesterolemia Life Science 78 1329ndash1335
Sun Q Ma J Campos H Hankinson SE Manson JE and Stampfer
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Sun WY Wei W Wu L Gui SY and Wang H (2007) Effects and
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Suresh PS Kumar A Kumar R and Singh VP (2008) An in silico
[correction of insilico] approach to bioremediation laccase as a case study
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Tapondjou AL Miyamoto T Mirjolet JF Guilbaud N and Lacaille-
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Targher G Bertolini L Padovani R Poli F Scala L Zenari L
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Tiwari O P and Tripathi Y B (2007) Antioxidant properties of different
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Tomomichi Chonan Hiroaki Tanaka Daisuke Yamamoto Miyoko Yashiro
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Trivedi CP Shinde S and Sharma RC (1969) Preliminary
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Tundis R Bonesi M Deguin B Loizzo MR Menichini F Conforti F
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Eclalbatin triterpine saponins from Eclipta alba J Asian Nat Prod Res 3
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Urquiaga I and Leighton F (2000) Plant polyphenol antioxidants and
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Van den Berg R Haenen GRMM Van den Berg H and Bast A
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Venkat Ratnam D Ankolaa D Bhardwaja V Sahanaa DK and Ravi
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Verma A Vijayakumar M Chandana V Rao Chandra S and Mathela
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protective activity of green fruit of Ficus glomerata Food and Chemical
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Vetelainen R van Vliet A and vcan Gulik TM (2007) Essential
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Videla LA Rodrigo R Orellana M Fernandez V Tapia G Quintildeones
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Am J Gastroenterol 99 1497ndash1502
Vinson JA Zubik L Bose P Samman N Proch J (2005) Dried fruits
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Viuda-Martos M Navajas Y R Zapata E S Fernandez-Lopez J and
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Wang K Zhang Y and Yang C (2005) Antioxidant phenolic compounds
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Wang LF and Zhang HY (2003) A theoretical investigation on DPPH
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Wang X and Quinn P (1999) Vitamin E and its function in membranes
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Wang Y Beydoun MA Liang L Caballero B and Kumanyika SK
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fatty liver diseasemdashpathogenesis cardiovascular risk and therapy Curr Opin
Lipidol 19 92ndash4
Wei BQ Weaver LH Ferrari AM Matthews BW and Shoichet BK
(2004) Testing a flexible-receptor docking algorithm in a model binding
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PMID 15046985
Weltman MD Farell GC and Hall P (1998) Hepatic cytochrome P450
2E1 is increased in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Hepatology
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Preparation and Pharmacological evaluation of plant material England John
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Bilsen M Shiri-Sverdlov R and Hofker MH (2008) Dietary cholesterol
rather than liver steatosis leads to hepatic inflammation in hyperlipidemic
mouse models of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Hepatology 48 474ndash486
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Rev Mol Cell Biol 9 162ndash176
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(2000) Free radical scavenging activity of garcinol from Garcinia indica
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Yamaguchi K Yang L McCall S Huang J Yu XX Pandey SK
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Yang H Roberts LJ Jian Shi M Chun Zhou Li Ballard BR
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Yang JS Lee SJ Park HW and Cha YS (2006) Effect of genistein
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Yang RL Li W Shi YH and Le GW (2008) Lipoic acid prevents
high-fat dietndashinduced dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress A microarray
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Yun SN Moon SJ Ko SK Im BO and Chung SH (2004) Wild
ginseng prevents the onset of high-fat diet induced hyperglycemia and
obesity in ICR mice Arch Pham Res 27 790ndash6
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Zhao B (2009) Natural antioxidants protect neurons in Alzheimerlsquos disease
and Parkinsonlsquos disease Neurochem Res 34 630ndash8
Zheng S Hoos L Cook J Tetzloff G Harry DJ and Van Heek M
(2008) Ezetimibe improves high fat and cholesterol diet-induced non-
alcoholic fatty liver disease Vascular Health and Risk Management 4 235ndash
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L Goodly (Ed) Diagnostic Enzymology (pp 1ndash38) Philadelphia USA
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and the Dysmetabolic Syndrome in the Real World a Realistic View Diabet
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Pauly Nicolas Pucciariello C Mandon K Innocenti G Jamet A
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with Ficus carica extract effect on oxidative stress parameters Acta
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oxidative homeostasis in Alzheimerlsquos disease Drug Development and
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Involved in Collagen-Induced Platelet Activation Blood 91 (2) 484-490
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action Diabetologia 47170ndash84
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hypercholesterolemia Molecular Cellular Biochemistry 335 67ndash74
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oxidative damage in rat tissues and its attenuation by dietary sesame oil
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Rahman NN Khan M and Hasan R (1994) Bioactive components from
Ficus glomerata Pure and Applied Chemistry 66 2287ndash2290
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Nigella sativa Linn against gastric ulcers in rats Curr Sci 82 177ndash179
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nutraceutical applications of black cumin (Nigella sativa L) an overview
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(Nigella sativa L) coriander (Coriandrum sativum L) and niger (Guizotia
abyssinica Cass) crude seed oils upon stripping Eur J Lipid Sci Technol
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Randhawa MA and Al-Ghamdi MS (2002) A review of the
pharmacotherapeutic effects of Nigella sativa Pakistan Journal of Medical
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Rao BR Murugresan T Sinha S Saha BP Pal M and Mandal SC
(2002) Glucose lowering efficacy of Ficus racemosa barks extract in normal
and alloxan diabetic rats Phytotherapy Research 16 590ndash592
Rao CV Arti R Verma M Vijayakumar S Rastogi (2008)
Gastroprotective effect of standardized extract of Ficus glomerata fruit on
experimental gastric ulcers in rats Journal of Ethnopharmacology 115
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Rao KS (2009) Free radical induced oxidative damage to DNA relation to
brain aging and neurological disorders Indian J Biochem Biophys 46 9ndash15
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
Evans C (1999) Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231ndash1237
Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
Evans C (1999) Antioxidant activity applying in an improved radical cation
decolorisation assay Free Radical Biol Med 26 1231-1237
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toxicology in the liver edited by G L Plea and W R Hewilt (Raven press
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and benzyl adenine and dark- treated graving rice (Oryza sativa) leaves II
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ed New York Academic
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activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids J Free Radic Biol
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Rinella ME Elias MS Smolak RR Fu T Borensztajn J and Green
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methionine choline-deficient diet J Lipid Res 491068ndash76
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Roberts CK Barnard RJ Sindhu RK Jurczak M Ehdaie A and
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and antioxidant enzymes in diet-induced metabolic syndrome Metabolism
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Robertson G Leclercq I and Farrell GC (2001) Nonalcoholic steatosis
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Antioxidant properties of polyphenol-containing extract from soybean
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Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 63(3) 127minus133
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Interact 175 318ndash26
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Sairam K Rao ChV Babu MD Kumar V Agarwal VK and Goel
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Sanyal AJ Campbell-Sargent C Mirshahi F Rizzo WB Contos MJ
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Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis association of insulin resistance and
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Antioxidative properties of xanthan on the autoxidation of soybean oil in
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Shimizu MH Araujo M Borges SM De Tolassa EM and Seguro
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Shukla R Gupta S Gambhir JK Prabhu KM and Murthy PS (2004)
Antioxidant effect of aqueous extract of the bark of Ficus bengalensis in
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Silva BA Ferreres F Malva JO and Dias ACP (2005)
Phytochemical and antioxidant characterization of Hypericum perforatum
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Singanan V Singana M and Begum H (2007) The hepatoprotective
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International J Science and Technology 2(2) 83-92
Singh M Govindarajan R Nath V Singh RAK and Mehrotra S
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Sirisha N Sreenivasulu M Sangeeta K and Madhusudhana Chetty C
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Smirnoff N Cumbes QJ (1989) Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of
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Solga S Alkhuraishe AR and Clark JM (2004) Dietary composition
and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Dig Dis Sci 491578ndash83
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saponin of yam (Dioscorea spp) on high-cholesterol fed rats Bioscience
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Song BJ Moon KH and Olsson NU (2008) Prevention of alcoholic
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Song Y Manson JE Buring JE Sesso HD and Liu S (2005) J Am
Coll Nutr 24 376e384
Sookoian S Castanlsquoo GO Burguenlsquoo AL Gianotti TF Risselli MS
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Spolarics Z and Meyenhofer M (2000) Augmented resistance to oxidative
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curcuminoids Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 49 105ndash107
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Stadlbauer V Fickert P Lackner C Schmerlaib J Krisper P Trauner
M and Stauber RE (2005) Hepatotoxicity of NONI juice Report of two
cases World J Gastroenterol 11 4758ndash4760
Stadtman ER and Levine RL (2003) Free radical-mediated oxidation of
free amino acids and amino acid residues in proteins Amino Acids 25 207-
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Stanner SA Hughes J Kelly CN and Buttriss JA (2004) Review of
the epidemiological evidence for the antioxidant hypotheses Public Health
Nutrition 7 407-422
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Stickel F and Schuppan D (2007) Herbal medicine in the treatment of
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Med Hypotheses 60 567-572
Stiehl A Walker S Stiehl L Rudolph G Hofmann WJ and
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disease in primary sclerosing cholangitis A 3-year pilot study with a
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Sudhahar V Kumar SA and Varalakshmi P (2006) Role of lupeol and
lupeol linoleate on lipemicndashoxidative stress in experimental
hypercholesterolemia Life Science 78 1329ndash1335
Sun Q Ma J Campos H Hankinson SE Manson JE and Stampfer
MJ (2007) A prospective study of trans fatty acids in erythrocytes and risk
of coronary heart disease Circulation 115 1858ndash1865
Sun WY Wei W Wu L Gui SY and Wang H (2007) Effects and
mechanisms of extract from Paeonia lactiflora and Astragalus
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Ethanopharmacol 112 514-524
Suntress ZA and Sheck PN (1995) Prevention of lung injury by
tocopherol lipsome J Drug target 3 201
Suresh PS Kumar A Kumar R and Singh VP (2008) An in silico
[correction of insilico] approach to bioremediation laccase as a case study
J Mol Graph Model 26 (5) 845ndash9 doi101016jjmgm200705005
PMID 17606396
Swanr JC and Connor WE (1975) Hypercholesterolemia of total
starvation its mechanism via tissue mobilization of cholesterol
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Szczeklik A Gryglewski RJ Domagala B Dworski R and Basista M
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430
Szeto YT Tomlinson B and Benzie IF (2002) Total antioxidant and
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Taher A Ismaeel H and Cappellini MD (2006) Thalassemia intermedia
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Tapondjou AL Miyamoto T Mirjolet JF Guilbaud N and Lacaille-
Dubois MA (2005) Pursaethosides AndashE triterpene saponins from Entada
pursaetha Journal of Natural Products 68 1185ndash1190
Targher G Bertolini L Padovani R Poli F Scala L Zenari L
Zoppini G and Falezza G (2006) Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is
associated with carotid artery wall thickness in diet-controlled type 2 diabetic
patients J Endocrinol Invest 29 55ndash60
Taylor and Francis (2000) Toxicology of the Human Environment - the
critical role of free radicals London
Teli MR James OF Burt AD Bennett MK and Day CP (1995)
The natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver a follow-up study
Hepatology 22 1714ndash1719
Tetri LH Basaranoglu M Brunt EM Yerian LM and Neuschwander-
Tetri BA (2008) Severe NAFLD with hepatic necroinflammatory changes
in mice fed trans fats and a high-fructose corn syrup equivalent Am J
Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 295 G987ndashG995
Thippeswamy NB and Naidu AK (2005) Antioxidant potency of cumin
varieties cumin black cumin and bitter cumin on antioxidant systems Eur
Food Res Technol 220 472ndash476
Tietge UJ Boker KH Bahr MJ Weinberg S Pichlmayr R Schmidt
HH and Manns MP (1998) Lipid parameters predicting liver function in
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piperidinyl)-piperazine derivatives as potent acetyl-CoA carboxylase
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Bilsen M Shiri-Sverdlov R and Hofker MH (2008) Dietary cholesterol
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Yang H Roberts LJ Jian Shi M Chun Zhou Li Ballard BR
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Yang JS Lee SJ Park HW and Cha YS (2006) Effect of genistein
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ginseng prevents the onset of high-fat diet induced hyperglycemia and
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Zhang HM Chen SW Zhang LS and Feng XF (2008) The effects of
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Zhao B (2009) Natural antioxidants protect neurons in Alzheimerlsquos disease
and Parkinsonlsquos disease Neurochem Res 34 630ndash8
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Rao BR Murugresan T Sinha S Saha BP Pal M and Mandal SC
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and alloxan diabetic rats Phytotherapy Research 16 590ndash592
Rao CV Arti R Verma M Vijayakumar S Rastogi (2008)
Gastroprotective effect of standardized extract of Ficus glomerata fruit on
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Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
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Antioxidant properties of polyphenol-containing extract from soybean
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Carlos J Pirolab and Silvia Sookoiana (2009) Losartan reduces liver
expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in a high fat-induced
rat nonalcoholic fatty liver disease model Atherosclerosis 206 119ndash126
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protective effect of Calotropis procera against alloxan-induced diabetics in
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Ryan L OConnell O OSullivan L Aherne SA and OBrien NM
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Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 63(3) 127minus133
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Sagi Y and Youdim MBH (2008) The neuroprotective effect of
ladostigil against hydrogen peroxide-mediated cytotoxicity Chem-Biol
Interact 175 318ndash26
Sahai A Malladi P Melin-Aldana H Green RM and Whitington PF
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development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in a dietary murine model Am
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antioxidant activities of various solvent extracts of Carissa opaca fruits
Food Chemistry 122 1205ndash1211
Sairam K Rao ChV Babu MD Kumar V Agarwal VK and Goel
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Samuel VT Liu ZX Qu X Elder BD Bilz S Befroy D Romanelli
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of globalisation Indian JGastroenterol 20 215-216
Sanyal AJ (2002) GA technical review on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
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Sanyal AJ Campbell-Sargent C Mirshahi F Rizzo WB Contos MJ
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Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis association of insulin resistance and
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Scherer R and Godoy HT (2009) Antioxidant activity index (AAI) by the
22- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method Food Chemistry 112 654ndash658
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Sharma SK and Gupta VK (2008) PHCOG MAGRearch article In vitro
antioxidant studies of Ficus Racemosa Linnroot 13 (4) 70-74
Sharma P and Dubey RSH (2005) Drought induces stress and enhances
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Shigeoka S Ishikawa T Tamoi M Miyagawa Y Takeda T Yabuta
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Antioxidative properties of xanthan on the autoxidation of soybean oil in
cyclodextrin emulsion J Agric Food Chem 40 945ndash948
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Shimizu MH Araujo M Borges SM De Tolassa EM and Seguro
AC (2004) Influence of age and vitamin E on post-ischemic acute renal
failure Exp Gerontol 39 825-830
Shoelson SE Lee J and Goldfine AB (2006) Inflammation and insulin
resistance J Clin Invest 116 1793ndash1801
Shukla R Gupta S Gambhir JK Prabhu KM and Murthy PS (2004)
Antioxidant effect of aqueous extract of the bark of Ficus bengalensis in
hypercholesterolaemic rabbits Journal of Ethnopharmacology 92 47ndash51
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organs Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 311 617-631
Silva BA Ferreres F Malva JO and Dias ACP (2005)
Phytochemical and antioxidant characterization of Hypericum perforatum
alcoholic extracts Food Chemistry 90 157ndash167
Singanan V Singana M and Begum H (2007) The hepatoprotective
effect of Bael leaves in alcohol induced liver injury in albino rats
International J Science and Technology 2(2) 83-92
Singh M Govindarajan R Nath V Singh RAK and Mehrotra S
(2006) Antimicrobial wound healing and antioxidant activity of
Plagiochasma appendiculatum Lehm et Lind Journal of
Ethanopharamacology 107 67-72
Singh R Wang Y Schattenberg JM Xiang Y and Czaja MJ (2009)
Chronic oxidative stress sensitizes hepatocytes to death from 4-
hydroxynonenal by JNKc-Jun overactivation Am J Physiol Gastrointest
Liver Physiol 297 G907-G917
Singh SP Nayak S and Swain M (2004) Prevalence of non-alcoholic
fatty liver disease in coastal eastern India a preliminary ultrasonographic
survey Trop Gastroentrol 25 76-9
Sirisha N Sreenivasulu M Sangeeta K and Madhusudhana Chetty C
(2010) Antioxidant Properties of Ficus Species ndash A Review International
Journal of PharmTech Research CODEN (USA) IJPRIF ISSN 0974-
4304 Vol2 No4 pp 2174-2182 Oct-Dec 2010
Sivarajan VV and Balachandran I (1994) Ayurvedic Drugs and their
Plant Source Oxford and IBH Publishing Co Pvt Ltd New Delhi India
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Solga S Alkhuraishe AR and Clark JM (2004) Dietary composition
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lupeol linoleate on lipemicndashoxidative stress in experimental
hypercholesterolemia Life Science 78 1329ndash1335
Sun Q Ma J Campos H Hankinson SE Manson JE and Stampfer
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Yang H Roberts LJ Jian Shi M Chun Zhou Li Ballard BR
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Yang JS Lee SJ Park HW and Cha YS (2006) Effect of genistein
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Yang S Zhu H Li Y Lin H Gabrielson K Trush MA and Diehl
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Yun SN Moon SJ Ko SK Im BO and Chung SH (2004) Wild
ginseng prevents the onset of high-fat diet induced hyperglycemia and
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Zak B (1954) Cholesterol Methodologies A review Clin Chem 23 1201
Zhai S Dai R Friedman FK and Vestal RE (1998) Drug Metab
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Zhang HM Chen SW Zhang LS and Feng XF (2008) The effects of
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Zhao B (2009) Natural antioxidants protect neurons in Alzheimerlsquos disease
and Parkinsonlsquos disease Neurochem Res 34 630ndash8
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L Goodly (Ed) Diagnostic Enzymology (pp 1ndash38) Philadelphia USA
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Zimmet P Shaw J and Alberti KG (2003) Preventing Type 2 Diabetes
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Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
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Re R Pellegrini N Proteggente A Pannala A Yang M and Rice-
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ed New York Academic
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Roberts CK Barnard RJ Sindhu RK Jurczak M Ehdaie A and
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and antioxidant enzymes in diet-induced metabolic syndrome Metabolism
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Robertson G Leclercq I and Farrell GC (2001) Nonalcoholic steatosis
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Romeo S Sentinelli F Dash S Yeo GS Savage DB Leonetti F
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Romero AM Mirtha MD Sturia MA and Judis MA (2004)
Antioxidant properties of polyphenol-containing extract from soybean
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Rosenberg HR (1992) Chemistry and Physiology of the citamins Inter
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Rosselli MS Adriana L Burgue˜nob Julieta Carabelli Mariano Schumanb
Carlos J Pirolab and Silvia Sookoiana (2009) Losartan reduces liver
expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in a high fat-induced
rat nonalcoholic fatty liver disease model Atherosclerosis 206 119ndash126
Roy S Sehgal R Pahdy BM and Kumar VL (2005) Antioxidant and
protective effect of Calotropis procera against alloxan-induced diabetics in
rats J Ethanopharmacol 102 470-473
Ryan L OConnell O OSullivan L Aherne SA and OBrien NM
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Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 63(3) 127minus133
Sadasivam S Manickam A (1997) Biochemical methods Second edition
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Sagi Y and Youdim MBH (2008) The neuroprotective effect of
ladostigil against hydrogen peroxide-mediated cytotoxicity Chem-Biol
Interact 175 318ndash26
Sahai A Malladi P Melin-Aldana H Green RM and Whitington PF
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development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in a dietary murine model Am
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Sahreen S Rashid Khan M and Ali Khan R (2010) Evaluation of
antioxidant activities of various solvent extracts of Carissa opaca fruits
Food Chemistry 122 1205ndash1211
Sairam K Rao ChV Babu MD Kumar V Agarwal VK and Goel
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Sallie R Tredgr JM and William (1999) Drugs and the liver Biopharm
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Samuel VT Liu ZX Qu X Elder BD Bilz S Befroy D Romanelli
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Sanyal AJ (2001) Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease a medical consequence
of globalisation Indian JGastroenterol 20 215-216
Sanyal AJ (2002) GA technical review on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Gastroenterology 123 1705ndash1725
Sanyal AJ Campbell-Sargent C Mirshahi F Rizzo WB Contos MJ
Sterling RK Luketic VA Shiffman ML and Clore JN (2001)
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis association of insulin resistance and
mitochondrial abnormalities Gastroenterology 120 (5) 1183ndash1192
Sarabu R and Tilley J (2005) Annu Rep Med Chem 40 167e181
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Sasaki YF Kawaguchi S KamayaA OhshitaM Kabasawa K and
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Satheesh AM and Pari L (2004) Antioxidant effect of Boerhavia diffusa
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Satyavati GV (1982) Some traditional medical systems and practise of
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Sauberlich HE (1999) Laboratory tests for the assessment of nutritional
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Ed CRC press Boca RatonFL
Scandalios JG (1987) The antioxidant enzyme genes CAT and SOD of
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Antioxidative properties of xanthan on the autoxidation of soybean oil in
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Antioxidant effect of aqueous extract of the bark of Ficus bengalensis in
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Phytochemical and antioxidant characterization of Hypericum perforatum
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Ethanopharamacology 107 67-72
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Yang H Roberts LJ Jian Shi M Chun Zhou Li Ballard BR
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Yang JS Lee SJ Park HW and Cha YS (2006) Effect of genistein
with carnitine administration on lipid parameters and obesity in C57Bl6J
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Yang RL Li W Shi YH and Le GW (2008) Lipoic acid prevents
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Yu L Haley S Perret J Harris M Wilson J and Qian M (2002) Free
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Yun SN Moon SJ Ko SK Im BO and Chung SH (2004) Wild
ginseng prevents the onset of high-fat diet induced hyperglycemia and
obesity in ICR mice Arch Pham Res 27 790ndash6
Zak B (1954) Cholesterol Methodologies A review Clin Chem 23 1201
Zhai S Dai R Friedman FK and Vestal RE (1998) Drug Metab
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Zhang HM Chen SW Zhang LS and Feng XF (2008) The effects of
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Zhao B (2009) Natural antioxidants protect neurons in Alzheimerlsquos disease
and Parkinsonlsquos disease Neurochem Res 34 630ndash8
Zheng S Hoos L Cook J Tetzloff G Harry DJ and Van Heek M
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alcoholic fatty liver disease Vascular Health and Risk Management 4 235ndash
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Zhu X Zhang W Pang X Wang J Zhao J and Qu W (2011)
Hypolipidaemic effect of n-butanol extract from Asparagus officinalis L in
mice fed a high-fat diet Phytotherapy Research 31 doi101002ptr3380
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L Goodly (Ed) Diagnostic Enzymology (pp 1ndash38) Philadelphia USA
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Zimmet P Shaw J and Alberti KG (2003) Preventing Type 2 Diabetes
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Roberts CK Barnard RJ Sindhu RK Jurczak M Ehdaie A and
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and antioxidant enzymes in diet-induced metabolic syndrome Metabolism
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Robertson G Leclercq I and Farrell GC (2001) Nonalcoholic steatosis
and steatohepatitis II Cytochrome P-450 enzymes and oxidative stress
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Romero AM Mirtha MD Sturia MA and Judis MA (2004)
Antioxidant properties of polyphenol-containing extract from soybean
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Rosenberg HR (1992) Chemistry and Physiology of the citamins Inter
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Rosselli MS Adriana L Burgue˜nob Julieta Carabelli Mariano Schumanb
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expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in a high fat-induced
rat nonalcoholic fatty liver disease model Atherosclerosis 206 119ndash126
Roy S Sehgal R Pahdy BM and Kumar VL (2005) Antioxidant and
protective effect of Calotropis procera against alloxan-induced diabetics in
rats J Ethanopharmacol 102 470-473
Ryan L OConnell O OSullivan L Aherne SA and OBrien NM
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Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 63(3) 127minus133
Sadasivam S Manickam A (1997) Biochemical methods Second edition
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Sagi Y and Youdim MBH (2008) The neuroprotective effect of
ladostigil against hydrogen peroxide-mediated cytotoxicity Chem-Biol
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Sahai A Malladi P Melin-Aldana H Green RM and Whitington PF
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development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in a dietary murine model Am
J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 287 G264-G273
Sahreen S Rashid Khan M and Ali Khan R (2010) Evaluation of
antioxidant activities of various solvent extracts of Carissa opaca fruits
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Antioxidative properties of xanthan on the autoxidation of soybean oil in
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Yamaguchi K Yang L McCall S Huang J Yu XX Pandey SK
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Yang H Roberts LJ Jian Shi M Chun Zhou Li Ballard BR
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Yang JS Lee SJ Park HW and Cha YS (2006) Effect of genistein
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Yang S Zhu H Li Y Lin H Gabrielson K Trush MA and Diehl
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mechanism of oxidative injury Free Radic Biol Med 39(10) 1385ndash1398
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Yun SN Moon SJ Ko SK Im BO and Chung SH (2004) Wild
ginseng prevents the onset of high-fat diet induced hyperglycemia and
obesity in ICR mice Arch Pham Res 27 790ndash6
Zak B (1954) Cholesterol Methodologies A review Clin Chem 23 1201
Zhai S Dai R Friedman FK and Vestal RE (1998) Drug Metab
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Zhang HM Chen SW Zhang LS and Feng XF (2008) The effects of
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Zhao B (2009) Natural antioxidants protect neurons in Alzheimerlsquos disease
and Parkinsonlsquos disease Neurochem Res 34 630ndash8
Zheng S Hoos L Cook J Tetzloff G Harry DJ and Van Heek M
(2008) Ezetimibe improves high fat and cholesterol diet-induced non-
alcoholic fatty liver disease Vascular Health and Risk Management 4 235ndash
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Zhu X Zhang W Pang X Wang J Zhao J and Qu W (2011)
Hypolipidaemic effect of n-butanol extract from Asparagus officinalis L in
mice fed a high-fat diet Phytotherapy Research 31 doi101002ptr3380
Zimmerman H J and Seeff L B (1970) Enzymes in hepatic disease In E
L Goodly (Ed) Diagnostic Enzymology (pp 1ndash38) Philadelphia USA
Lea amp Febiger
Zimmet P Shaw J and Alberti KG (2003) Preventing Type 2 Diabetes
and the Dysmetabolic Syndrome in the Real World a Realistic View Diabet
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Rosenberg HR (1992) Chemistry and Physiology of the citamins Inter
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Rosselli MS Adriana L Burgue˜nob Julieta Carabelli Mariano Schumanb
Carlos J Pirolab and Silvia Sookoiana (2009) Losartan reduces liver
expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in a high fat-induced
rat nonalcoholic fatty liver disease model Atherosclerosis 206 119ndash126
Roy S Sehgal R Pahdy BM and Kumar VL (2005) Antioxidant and
protective effect of Calotropis procera against alloxan-induced diabetics in
rats J Ethanopharmacol 102 470-473
Ryan L OConnell O OSullivan L Aherne SA and OBrien NM
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Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 63(3) 127minus133
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ladostigil against hydrogen peroxide-mediated cytotoxicity Chem-Biol
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Sahai A Malladi P Melin-Aldana H Green RM and Whitington PF
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antioxidant activities of various solvent extracts of Carissa opaca fruits
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Gastroenterology 123 1705ndash1725
Sanyal AJ Campbell-Sargent C Mirshahi F Rizzo WB Contos MJ
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Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis association of insulin resistance and
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Environmental Mutagenesis 519 103ndash109
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Antioxidative properties of xanthan on the autoxidation of soybean oil in
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Yamaguchi K Yang L McCall S Huang J Yu XX Pandey SK
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Yang H Roberts LJ Jian Shi M Chun Zhou Li Ballard BR
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Yang JS Lee SJ Park HW and Cha YS (2006) Effect of genistein
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high-fat dietndashinduced dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress A microarray
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Yang S Zhu H Li Y Lin H Gabrielson K Trush MA and Diehl
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mechanism of oxidative injury Free Radic Biol Med 39(10) 1385ndash1398
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spontaneous lipid peroxidation following glutathione depletion Plant Med
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Yu L Haley S Perret J Harris M Wilson J and Qian M (2002) Free
radical scavenging properties of wheat extracts J Agri Food Chem 50
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Yun SN Moon SJ Ko SK Im BO and Chung SH (2004) Wild
ginseng prevents the onset of high-fat diet induced hyperglycemia and
obesity in ICR mice Arch Pham Res 27 790ndash6
Zak B (1954) Cholesterol Methodologies A review Clin Chem 23 1201
Zhai S Dai R Friedman FK and Vestal RE (1998) Drug Metab
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Zhang HM Chen SW Zhang LS and Feng XF (2008) The effects of
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rats administered with high-fat diet Nat Prod Res 22 1637ndash1649
Zhang Z Apse K Pang J and Stanton RC (2000) High glucose inhibits
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase via cAMP in aortic endothelial cells J
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Zhao B (2009) Natural antioxidants protect neurons in Alzheimerlsquos disease
and Parkinsonlsquos disease Neurochem Res 34 630ndash8
Zheng S Hoos L Cook J Tetzloff G Harry DJ and Van Heek M
(2008) Ezetimibe improves high fat and cholesterol diet-induced non-
alcoholic fatty liver disease Vascular Health and Risk Management 4 235ndash
241
Zhu X Zhang W Pang X Wang J Zhao J and Qu W (2011)
Hypolipidaemic effect of n-butanol extract from Asparagus officinalis L in
mice fed a high-fat diet Phytotherapy Research 31 doi101002ptr3380
Zimmerman H J and Seeff L B (1970) Enzymes in hepatic disease In E
L Goodly (Ed) Diagnostic Enzymology (pp 1ndash38) Philadelphia USA
Lea amp Febiger
Zimmet P Shaw J and Alberti KG (2003) Preventing Type 2 Diabetes
and the Dysmetabolic Syndrome in the Real World a Realistic View Diabet
Med 20 693-702
Samuel VT Liu ZX Qu X Elder BD Bilz S Befroy D Romanelli
AJ and Shulman GI (2004) Mechanism of hepatic insulin resistance in
non-alcoholic fatty liver disease J Biol Chem 279 32345-32353
Sanyal AJ (2001) Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease a medical consequence
of globalisation Indian JGastroenterol 20 215-216
Sanyal AJ (2002) GA technical review on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Gastroenterology 123 1705ndash1725
Sanyal AJ Campbell-Sargent C Mirshahi F Rizzo WB Contos MJ
Sterling RK Luketic VA Shiffman ML and Clore JN (2001)
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis association of insulin resistance and
mitochondrial abnormalities Gastroenterology 120 (5) 1183ndash1192
Sarabu R and Tilley J (2005) Annu Rep Med Chem 40 167e181
Elsevier Academic Press
Sasaki YF Kawaguchi S KamayaA OhshitaM Kabasawa K and
Iwama K (2002) The comet assay with 8 mouse organs Results with 39
currently used food additives Mutation ResearchGenetic Toxicology and
Environmental Mutagenesis 519 103ndash109
Satheesh AM and Pari L (2004) Antioxidant effect of Boerhavia diffusa
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Ed CRC press Boca RatonFL
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Scherer R and Godoy HT (2009) Antioxidant activity index (AAI) by the
22- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method Food Chemistry 112 654ndash658
Schrauwen P (2007) High-fat diet muscular lipotoxicity and insulin
resistance Proc Nutr Soc 66 33ndash41
Scott MD Lubin BH Zuo L and Kuypers FA (1991) Erythrocyte
defence against hydrogen peroxide Preeminent importance of catalase J
Lab Clin Med 118 7-16
Sen CK (1995) Oxygen toxicity and antioxidants state of the art Int J
Physiol Pharamacol 39 177
Sen CK (2003) The general case for redox control of wound repair
Wound Repair and Regeneration 11 431-438
Seth and Bhawana Sharma (2004) Medicinal plants in India Commentary
Indian J Med Res 120 9-11
Sgro C and Escousse A (1991) Side effects of fibrates (except liver and
muscle) Therapie 46 351ndash354
Sharma SK and Gupta VK (2008) PHCOG MAGRearch article In vitro
antioxidant studies of Ficus Racemosa Linnroot 13 (4) 70-74
Sharma P and Dubey RSH (2005) Drought induces stress and enhances
the activities of antioxidant enzymes in growing rice seedlings Plant Growth
hybrid mean were Regul 46 209-221
Shenoy KA Somayaji SN and Bairy KL (2001) Hepatoprotective
effects of Ginkgo biloba against CCl4 induced hepatic injury in rats Ind J
Pharamacol 33 260-266
Shigeoka S Ishikawa T Tamoi M Miyagawa Y Takeda T Yabuta
Y and Yoshimura K (2002) ―Regulation and function of ascorbate
peroxidise isoenzymes J Exp Bot 53(372) 1305-1319
Shimada K Fujikawa K Yahara K and Nakamura T (1992)
Antioxidative properties of xanthan on the autoxidation of soybean oil in
cyclodextrin emulsion J Agric Food Chem 40 945ndash948
Shimano H (2009) SREBPs physiology and pathophysiology of the
SREBP family FEBS J 276616ndash621
Shimizu MH Araujo M Borges SM De Tolassa EM and Seguro
AC (2004) Influence of age and vitamin E on post-ischemic acute renal
failure Exp Gerontol 39 825-830
Shoelson SE Lee J and Goldfine AB (2006) Inflammation and insulin
resistance J Clin Invest 116 1793ndash1801
Shukla R Gupta S Gambhir JK Prabhu KM and Murthy PS (2004)
Antioxidant effect of aqueous extract of the bark of Ficus bengalensis in
hypercholesterolaemic rabbits Journal of Ethnopharmacology 92 47ndash51
Sido B Hack V and Hochlehner A (1998) Impairment of intestinal
glutathione synthesis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease [J] Int J
Gastroenterol Hepatol 42(4) 485-492
Sies H (1997) Oxidative stress oxidants and antioxidants Exp Physiol
82 291-295
Sies H and Cadenas E (1985) Oxidative stress damage to intact cells and
organs Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 311 617-631
Silva BA Ferreres F Malva JO and Dias ACP (2005)
Phytochemical and antioxidant characterization of Hypericum perforatum
alcoholic extracts Food Chemistry 90 157ndash167
Singanan V Singana M and Begum H (2007) The hepatoprotective
effect of Bael leaves in alcohol induced liver injury in albino rats
International J Science and Technology 2(2) 83-92
Singh M Govindarajan R Nath V Singh RAK and Mehrotra S
(2006) Antimicrobial wound healing and antioxidant activity of
Plagiochasma appendiculatum Lehm et Lind Journal of
Ethanopharamacology 107 67-72
Singh R Wang Y Schattenberg JM Xiang Y and Czaja MJ (2009)
Chronic oxidative stress sensitizes hepatocytes to death from 4-
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fatty liver disease in coastal eastern India a preliminary ultrasonographic
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Solga S Alkhuraishe AR and Clark JM (2004) Dietary composition
and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Dig Dis Sci 491578ndash83
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saponin of yam (Dioscorea spp) on high-cholesterol fed rats Bioscience
Biotechnology and Biochemistry 71 3063ndash3071
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fatty liver and mitochondrial dysfunction in the rat by long-chain
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lupeol linoleate on lipemicndashoxidative stress in experimental
hypercholesterolemia Life Science 78 1329ndash1335
Sun Q Ma J Campos H Hankinson SE Manson JE and Stampfer
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Sun WY Wei W Wu L Gui SY and Wang H (2007) Effects and
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Targher G Bertolini L Padovani R Poli F Scala L Zenari L
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Vinson JA Zubik L Bose P Samman N Proch J (2005) Dried fruits
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Viuda-Martos M Navajas Y R Zapata E S Fernandez-Lopez J and
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Wang J Li J Zou Y Chenga W Lu C Zhang L Gea J Huanga C
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Wang K Zhang Y and Yang C (2005) Antioxidant phenolic compounds
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Wang X and Quinn P (1999) Vitamin E and its function in membranes
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Wang Y Beydoun MA Liang L Caballero B and Kumanyika SK
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Lipidol 19 92ndash4
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PMID 15046985
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Westerbacka J Lammi K and Hakkinen AM (2005) Dietary fat content
modifies liver fat in overweight non-diabetic subjects J Clin Endocrinol
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Wickens AP (2001) Aging and the free radical theory Respiration
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Williamson G Rhodes MJC and Parr AJ (1999) Disease prevention
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Preparation and Pharmacological evaluation of plant material England John
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Wink M (1999) Functions of plant secondary metabolites and their
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Wolf PL (1999) Biochemical diagnosis of liver disease Indian J Clin
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Wong CC Li HB Cheng KW and Chen FA (2006) Systematic
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reducing antioxidant power assay Food Chem 97 705-711
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World Health Organisation (2006) Obesity and overweight Fact sheet 311
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Wouters K van Gorp PJ Bieghs V Gijbels MJ Duimel H
Luumltjohann D Kerksiek A van Kruchten R Maeda N Staels B van
Bilsen M Shiri-Sverdlov R and Hofker MH (2008) Dietary cholesterol
rather than liver steatosis leads to hepatic inflammation in hyperlipidemic
mouse models of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Hepatology 48 474ndash486
Wymann MP and Schneiter R (2008) Lipid signalling in disease Nat
Rev Mol Cell Biol 9 162ndash176
Yamaguchi F Saito M Ariga T Yoshimura Y and Nakazawa H
(2000) Free radical scavenging activity of garcinol from Garcinia indica
fruit rind J Agri Food Chem 48 2320ndash2325
Yamaguchi K Yang L McCall S Huang J Yu XX Pandey SK
Bhanot S Monia BP Li YX and Diehl AM (2007) Inhibiting
triglyceride synthesis improves hepatic steatosis but exacerbates liver
damage and fibrosis in obese mice with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Hepatology 45 1366ndash1374
Yang H Roberts LJ Jian Shi M Chun Zhou Li Ballard BR
Richardson A and Zhong Mao Guo Z (2004) Retardation of
atherosclerosis by overexpression of catalase or both CuZn-superoxide
dismutase and catalase in mice lacking apolipoprotein E Circ Res 95
1075ndash1081
Yang JS Lee SJ Park HW and Cha YS (2006) Effect of genistein
with carnitine administration on lipid parameters and obesity in C57Bl6J
mice fed a high-fat diet Journal of Medicinal Food 9 459ndash467
Yang RL Li W Shi YH and Le GW (2008) Lipoic acid prevents
high-fat dietndashinduced dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress A microarray
analysis Nutrition 24 582ndash588
Yang S Zhu H Li Y Lin H Gabrielson K Trush MA and Diehl
AM (2000) Mitochondrial adaptations to obesity-related oxidant stress
Arch Biochem Biophys 378 259-268
Yannerelli GG Gallego SM and Tamaro ML (2006) Effect of UV-B
radiation on the activity and isoforms of enzymes with peroxidise activity in
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Yao D Shi W Gou Y Zhou X Yee Aw T Zhou Y and Liu Z
(2005) Fatty acid-mediated intracellular iron translocation a synergistic
mechanism of oxidative injury Free Radic Biol Med 39(10) 1385ndash1398
Yao ZM and Vance DE (1990) Reduction in VLDL but not HDL in
plasma of rats deficient in choline Biochem Cell Biol 68 552-558
Yen GC and Chen HY (1995) Antioxidant activity of various tea
extracts in relation to their antimutagenicity J Agr Food Chem 43 27-32
You M Considine RV Leone TC Kelly DP and Crabb DW (2005)
Role of adiponectin in the protective action of dietary saturated fat against
alcoholic fatty liver in mice Hepatology 42 568ndash577
Younes M (1981) Inhibitory action of some flavonoids on enhanced
spontaneous lipid peroxidation following glutathione depletion Plant Med
43 240-245
Yu L Haley S Perret J Harris M Wilson J and Qian M (2002) Free
radical scavenging properties of wheat extracts J Agri Food Chem 50
1619ndash1624
Yun SN Moon SJ Ko SK Im BO and Chung SH (2004) Wild
ginseng prevents the onset of high-fat diet induced hyperglycemia and
obesity in ICR mice Arch Pham Res 27 790ndash6
Zak B (1954) Cholesterol Methodologies A review Clin Chem 23 1201
Zhai S Dai R Friedman FK and Vestal RE (1998) Drug Metab
Dispos 26 989
Zhang HM Chen SW Zhang LS and Feng XF (2008) The effects of
soy isoflavone on insulin sensitivity and adipocytokines in insulin resistant
rats administered with high-fat diet Nat Prod Res 22 1637ndash1649
Zhang Z Apse K Pang J and Stanton RC (2000) High glucose inhibits
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase via cAMP in aortic endothelial cells J
Biol Chem 275 40042-40047
Zhao B (2009) Natural antioxidants protect neurons in Alzheimerlsquos disease
and Parkinsonlsquos disease Neurochem Res 34 630ndash8
Zheng S Hoos L Cook J Tetzloff G Harry DJ and Van Heek M
(2008) Ezetimibe improves high fat and cholesterol diet-induced non-
alcoholic fatty liver disease Vascular Health and Risk Management 4 235ndash
241
Zhu X Zhang W Pang X Wang J Zhao J and Qu W (2011)
Hypolipidaemic effect of n-butanol extract from Asparagus officinalis L in
mice fed a high-fat diet Phytotherapy Research 31 doi101002ptr3380
Zimmerman H J and Seeff L B (1970) Enzymes in hepatic disease In E
L Goodly (Ed) Diagnostic Enzymology (pp 1ndash38) Philadelphia USA
Lea amp Febiger
Zimmet P Shaw J and Alberti KG (2003) Preventing Type 2 Diabetes
and the Dysmetabolic Syndrome in the Real World a Realistic View Diabet
Med 20 693-702
Schrauwen P (2007) High-fat diet muscular lipotoxicity and insulin
resistance Proc Nutr Soc 66 33ndash41
Scott MD Lubin BH Zuo L and Kuypers FA (1991) Erythrocyte
defence against hydrogen peroxide Preeminent importance of catalase J
Lab Clin Med 118 7-16
Sen CK (1995) Oxygen toxicity and antioxidants state of the art Int J
Physiol Pharamacol 39 177
Sen CK (2003) The general case for redox control of wound repair
Wound Repair and Regeneration 11 431-438
Seth and Bhawana Sharma (2004) Medicinal plants in India Commentary
Indian J Med Res 120 9-11
Sgro C and Escousse A (1991) Side effects of fibrates (except liver and
muscle) Therapie 46 351ndash354
Sharma SK and Gupta VK (2008) PHCOG MAGRearch article In vitro
antioxidant studies of Ficus Racemosa Linnroot 13 (4) 70-74
Sharma P and Dubey RSH (2005) Drought induces stress and enhances
the activities of antioxidant enzymes in growing rice seedlings Plant Growth
hybrid mean were Regul 46 209-221
Shenoy KA Somayaji SN and Bairy KL (2001) Hepatoprotective
effects of Ginkgo biloba against CCl4 induced hepatic injury in rats Ind J
Pharamacol 33 260-266
Shigeoka S Ishikawa T Tamoi M Miyagawa Y Takeda T Yabuta
Y and Yoshimura K (2002) ―Regulation and function of ascorbate
peroxidise isoenzymes J Exp Bot 53(372) 1305-1319
Shimada K Fujikawa K Yahara K and Nakamura T (1992)
Antioxidative properties of xanthan on the autoxidation of soybean oil in
cyclodextrin emulsion J Agric Food Chem 40 945ndash948
Shimano H (2009) SREBPs physiology and pathophysiology of the
SREBP family FEBS J 276616ndash621
Shimizu MH Araujo M Borges SM De Tolassa EM and Seguro
AC (2004) Influence of age and vitamin E on post-ischemic acute renal
failure Exp Gerontol 39 825-830
Shoelson SE Lee J and Goldfine AB (2006) Inflammation and insulin
resistance J Clin Invest 116 1793ndash1801
Shukla R Gupta S Gambhir JK Prabhu KM and Murthy PS (2004)
Antioxidant effect of aqueous extract of the bark of Ficus bengalensis in
hypercholesterolaemic rabbits Journal of Ethnopharmacology 92 47ndash51
Sido B Hack V and Hochlehner A (1998) Impairment of intestinal
glutathione synthesis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease [J] Int J
Gastroenterol Hepatol 42(4) 485-492
Sies H (1997) Oxidative stress oxidants and antioxidants Exp Physiol
82 291-295
Sies H and Cadenas E (1985) Oxidative stress damage to intact cells and
organs Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 311 617-631
Silva BA Ferreres F Malva JO and Dias ACP (2005)
Phytochemical and antioxidant characterization of Hypericum perforatum
alcoholic extracts Food Chemistry 90 157ndash167
Singanan V Singana M and Begum H (2007) The hepatoprotective
effect of Bael leaves in alcohol induced liver injury in albino rats
International J Science and Technology 2(2) 83-92
Singh M Govindarajan R Nath V Singh RAK and Mehrotra S
(2006) Antimicrobial wound healing and antioxidant activity of
Plagiochasma appendiculatum Lehm et Lind Journal of
Ethanopharamacology 107 67-72
Singh R Wang Y Schattenberg JM Xiang Y and Czaja MJ (2009)
Chronic oxidative stress sensitizes hepatocytes to death from 4-
hydroxynonenal by JNKc-Jun overactivation Am J Physiol Gastrointest
Liver Physiol 297 G907-G917
Singh SP Nayak S and Swain M (2004) Prevalence of non-alcoholic
fatty liver disease in coastal eastern India a preliminary ultrasonographic
survey Trop Gastroentrol 25 76-9
Sirisha N Sreenivasulu M Sangeeta K and Madhusudhana Chetty C
(2010) Antioxidant Properties of Ficus Species ndash A Review International
Journal of PharmTech Research CODEN (USA) IJPRIF ISSN 0974-
4304 Vol2 No4 pp 2174-2182 Oct-Dec 2010
Sivarajan VV and Balachandran I (1994) Ayurvedic Drugs and their
Plant Source Oxford and IBH Publishing Co Pvt Ltd New Delhi India
Smid E J De Witte Y and Gorris L G M (1995) Postharvest Biol
Technol 6 303
Smirnoff N (2001) ―L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis Vitam Horm 61 241-
266
Smirnoff N Cumbes QJ (1989) Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of
compatible solutes Phytochemistry 281057-1060
Solga S Alkhuraishe AR and Clark JM (2004) Dietary composition
and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Dig Dis Sci 491578ndash83
Son IS Kim JH Sohn HY Son KH Kim JS and Kwon CS
(2007) Antioxidative and hypolipidaemic effects of diosgenin a steroidal
saponin of yam (Dioscorea spp) on high-cholesterol fed rats Bioscience
Biotechnology and Biochemistry 71 3063ndash3071
Song BJ Moon KH and Olsson NU (2008) Prevention of alcoholic
fatty liver and mitochondrial dysfunction in the rat by long-chain
polyunsaturated fatty acids J Hepatol 49 262ndash273
Song Y Manson JE Buring JE Sesso HD and Liu S (2005) J Am
Coll Nutr 24 376e384
Sookoian S Castanlsquoo GO Burguenlsquoo AL Gianotti TF Risselli MS
and Pirola CJ (2009) J Lipid Res 52 2111ndash2116
Spady DK and Dietschy JM (1988) Interaction of dietary cholesterol and
triglycerides in the regulation of hepatic low density lipoprotein transport in
the hamster The Journal of Clinical Investigation 81 300ndash309
Spencer JP Jenner A Butler J Aruoma OI Dexter DT Jenner P
and Halliwell B (1996) Evaluation of the pro-oxidant and antioxidant
actions of LDOPA and dopamine in vitro implications for Parkinsons
disease Free Radical Research 24 95-105
Spiteller G (2001) Lipid peroxidation in aging and age-dependent diseases
Exp Geront 36 1425-1457
Spolarics Z and Meyenhofer M (2000) Augmented resistance to oxidative
stress in fatty rat livers induced by a short-term sucrose-rich diet Biochim
Biophys Acta 1487 190-200
Sreejayan N and Rao MNA (1997) Nitric oxide scavenging by
curcuminoids Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 49 105ndash107
Srivastava V (2008) Bioinformation 3 180 [PMID 19238244]
Stadlbauer V Fickert P Lackner C Schmerlaib J Krisper P Trauner
M and Stauber RE (2005) Hepatotoxicity of NONI juice Report of two
cases World J Gastroenterol 11 4758ndash4760
Stadtman ER and Levine RL (2003) Free radical-mediated oxidation of
free amino acids and amino acid residues in proteins Amino Acids 25 207-
218
Stanner SA Hughes J Kelly CN and Buttriss JA (2004) Review of
the epidemiological evidence for the antioxidant hypotheses Public Health
Nutrition 7 407-422
Steiner RP (1986) Folk Medicine ndash The Art and the Science American
Chemical Society Washington DC 223
Stickel F and Schuppan D (2007) Herbal medicine in the treatment of
liver diseases Digestive and liver Disease 39 (4) 293-304
Stief TW (2003) The physiology and pharmacology of singlet oxygen
Med Hypotheses 60 567-572
Stiehl A Walker S Stiehl L Rudolph G Hofmann WJ and
Theilmann L (1994) Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on liver and bile duct
disease in primary sclerosing cholangitis A 3-year pilot study with a
placebo-controlled study period J Hepatol 20 57ndash64
Sudhahar V Kumar SA and Varalakshmi P (2006) Role of lupeol and
lupeol linoleate on lipemicndashoxidative stress in experimental
hypercholesterolemia Life Science 78 1329ndash1335
Sun Q Ma J Campos H Hankinson SE Manson JE and Stampfer
MJ (2007) A prospective study of trans fatty acids in erythrocytes and risk
of coronary heart disease Circulation 115 1858ndash1865
Sun WY Wei W Wu L Gui SY and Wang H (2007) Effects and
mechanisms of extract from Paeonia lactiflora and Astragalus
membranaceus on liver fibrosis induced by CCl4 in rats J
Ethanopharmacol 112 514-524
Suntress ZA and Sheck PN (1995) Prevention of lung injury by
tocopherol lipsome J Drug target 3 201
Suresh PS Kumar A Kumar R and Singh VP (2008) An in silico
[correction of insilico] approach to bioremediation laccase as a case study
J Mol Graph Model 26 (5) 845ndash9 doi101016jjmgm200705005
PMID 17606396
Swanr JC and Connor WE (1975) Hypercholesterolemia of total
starvation its mechanism via tissue mobilization of cholesterol
AmJPhysiol 229 365-369
Szczeklik A Gryglewski RJ Domagala B Dworski R and Basista M
(1985) Dietary supplementation with Vitamin E in hyperlipoproteinemias
effects on plasma lipid peroxides antioxidant activity prostacyclin
generation and platelet aggregability Thrombosis and Haemostasis 54 425ndash
430
Szeto YT Tomlinson B and Benzie IF (2002) Total antioxidant and
ascorbic acid content of fresh fruits and vegetables Implications for dietary
planning and Food preservation British J Nutr 87 55-59
Taher A Ismaeel H and Cappellini MD (2006) Thalassemia intermedia
revisited Blood Cells Mol Dis 37 12-20
Tapondjou AL Miyamoto T Mirjolet JF Guilbaud N and Lacaille-
Dubois MA (2005) Pursaethosides AndashE triterpene saponins from Entada
pursaetha Journal of Natural Products 68 1185ndash1190
Targher G Bertolini L Padovani R Poli F Scala L Zenari L
Zoppini G and Falezza G (2006) Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is
associated with carotid artery wall thickness in diet-controlled type 2 diabetic
patients J Endocrinol Invest 29 55ndash60
Taylor and Francis (2000) Toxicology of the Human Environment - the
critical role of free radicals London
Teli MR James OF Burt AD Bennett MK and Day CP (1995)
The natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver a follow-up study
Hepatology 22 1714ndash1719
Tetri LH Basaranoglu M Brunt EM Yerian LM and Neuschwander-
Tetri BA (2008) Severe NAFLD with hepatic necroinflammatory changes
in mice fed trans fats and a high-fructose corn syrup equivalent Am J
Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 295 G987ndashG995
Thippeswamy NB and Naidu AK (2005) Antioxidant potency of cumin
varieties cumin black cumin and bitter cumin on antioxidant systems Eur
Food Res Technol 220 472ndash476
Tietge UJ Boker KH Bahr MJ Weinberg S Pichlmayr R Schmidt
HH and Manns MP (1998) Lipid parameters predicting liver function in
patients with cirrhosis and after liver transplantation Hepato-
gastroenterology 45(24) 2255-2260
Tietz NW (1970) Fund of Clin Chem P 447
Tilak Khanal Jae Ho Choi Yong Pil Hwang Young Chul Chung Hye
Gwang Jeong (2009) Protective effects of saponins from the root of
Platycodon grandiflorum against fatty liver in chronic ethanol feeding via the
activation of AMP-dependent protein kinase Food and Chemical
Toxicology 47 2749ndash2754
Ting LP (1982) Plant physiology Addison Wesley Services in Life
Sciences New York USA
Tiwari O P and Tripathi Y B (2007) Antioxidant properties of different
fractions of Vitex negundo Linn Food Chemistry 100 1170ndash1176
Toledo FGS Sniderman AD and Kelley DE (2006) Influence of
hepatic steatosis (fatty liver) on severity and composition of dyslipidemia in
type 2 diabetes Diabetes Care 29 1845ndash50
Tomomichi Chonan Hiroaki Tanaka Daisuke Yamamoto Miyoko Yashiro
Takahiro Oi Daisuke Wakasugi Ayumi Ohoka-Sugita Fusayo Io Hiroko
Koretsune Akira Hiratate (2010) Design and synthesis of disubstituted (4-
piperidinyl)-piperazine derivatives as potent acetyl-CoA carboxylase
inhibitors Bioorganic amp Medicinal Chemistry Letters 20 3965ndash3968
Townsend KL Lorenzi MM and Widmaier EP (2008) High-fat diet-
induced changes in body mass and hypothalamic gene expression in wild-
type and leptindeficient mice Endocrine 33 176ndash188
Trenam CW Blake DR and Morris CJ (1992) Skin inflammation
reactive Oxygen Species and the role of iron Journal of Investigation
Dermatology 99 675-682
Trinder P (1969) Ann Clin Biochem 6 24
Trivedi CP Shinde S and Sharma RC (1969) Preliminary
phytochemical and pharmacological studies on Ficus racemosa extract
(Gular) Indian J Med Res 57 (6) 1070ndash1074
Tuck KL and Hayball PJ (2002) Major phenolic compounds in olive oil
metabolism and health effects Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 13 636ndash
644
Tundis R Bonesi M Deguin B Loizzo MR Menichini F Conforti F
and Menichini F (2009) Cytotoxic activity and inhibitory effect on nitric
oxide production of triterpene saponins from the roots of Physospermum
verticillatum (Waldst and Kit) (Apiaceae) Bioorganic and Medicinal
Chemistry 17 4542ndash4547
Uchida K (2003) 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal a product and mediator of
oxidative stress Prog Lipid Res 42 318-343
Upadhyay RK Pandey MB Jha RN and Pandey VB (2001)
Eclalbatin triterpine saponins from Eclipta alba J Asian Nat Prod Res 3
213-217
Upasani CD and Balaraman R (2001) Effect of vitamin e vitamin C and
spirulina on the levels of membrane bound enzymes and lipids in some
organs of rats exposed to lead Indian J Pharm 33 185-191
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JNat Prod 19 (1) 35-36
Urquiaga I and Leighton F (2000) Plant polyphenol antioxidants and
oxidative stress Biol Res Biol 33(2) 55ndash64
Ur-Rahman A Sohail M Ahmed S Iqbal Choudhary M and Ur-
Rahman H (1985) Heterocycles 23 953ndash955
Valko M Leibfritz D Moncol J Cronin MT Mazur M and Telser J
(2007) Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and
human disease International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology 39
44ndash84
Valko M Rhodes CJ Moncol J Izakovic M and Mazur M (2006)
Free radicals metals and antioxidants in oxidative stress-induced cancer
Chem-Biol Interact 10 1ndash40
Van den Berg R Haenen GRMM Van den Berg H and Bast A
(1999) Applicability of an improved Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity
(TEAC) assay for evaluation of antioxidant capacity measurements of
mixtures Food Chem 66 511-517
Varela-Rey M Embade N Ariz U Lu SC Mato JM and Martinez-
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Understanding the human disease The International Journal of Biochemistry
and Cell Biology 41 969ndash976
Venkat Ratnam D Ankolaa D Bhardwaja V Sahanaa DK and Ravi
Kumar MNV (2007) Role of antioxidants in prophylaxis and therapy a
pharmaceutical perspective Journal of Controlled Release 113(3) 189-207
Venukumar MR and Latha MS (2004) Effect of Coscinium fenestratum
on hepatotoxicity in rats Indian J of Exp Bio 42 792-97
Verma A Vijayakumar M Chandana V Rao Chandra S and Mathela
(2010) In vitro and In vivo antioxidant properties and DNA damage
protective activity of green fruit of Ficus glomerata Food and Chemical
Toxicology 48 704ndash709
Verma S and Singh SP (2008) Current and future status of herbal
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Vetelainen R van Vliet A and vcan Gulik TM (2007) Essential
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221526-1533
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Videla LA Rodrigo R Orellana M Fernandez V Tapia G Quintildeones
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liver disease patients Clin Sci (Lond) 106 261-268
Villanova N Moscatiello S and Ramillis S (2005) Endothelial
dysfunction and cardiovascular risk profile in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Am J Gastroenterol 99 1497ndash1502
Vinson JA Zubik L Bose P Samman N Proch J (2005) Dried fruits
excellent invitro and in vivo antioxidants Journal of the American College of
Nutrition 24 44ndash50
Viuda-Martos M Navajas Y R Zapata E S Fernandez-Lopez J and
Perez-Alvarez J A (2010) Antioxidant activity of essential oils of five
spice plants widely used in a Mediterranean diet Flavour and Fragrance
Journal 25 13minus19
Vural H Aksoy N and Ozbilge H (2004) Alterations of oxidative
antioxidative status in human cutaneous lishmaniasis Cell Biochem Funct
22 153-156
Wakil SJ Stoops JK and Joshi VC (1983) Fatty acid synthesis and its
regulation Ann Rev Biochem 52 537ndash579
Wang J Li J Zou Y Chenga W Lu C Zhang L Gea J Huanga C
Jin Y Xiong-wen Lv Cheng-mu Hu and Li-ping Liu (2009) Preventive
effects of total flavonoids of Litsea coreana leve on hepatic steatosis in rats
fed with high fat diet Journal of Ethnopharmacology 121 54ndash60
Wang K Zhang Y and Yang C (2005) Antioxidant phenolic compounds
from rhizomes of Polygonum paleaceum Journal of Ethnopharmacology
96 483ndash487
Wang LF and Zhang HY (2003) A theoretical investigation on DPPH
radical-scavenging mechanism of Edaravone Bioorg Med Chem Lett 13
3789ndash3792
Wang X and Quinn P (1999) Vitamin E and its function in membranes
Prog Lipid Res 38(4) 309-336
Wang Y Beydoun MA Liang L Caballero B and Kumanyika SK
(2008) Will all Americans become overweight or obese Estimating the
progression and cost of the US obesity epidemic Obesity (Silver Spring) 16
2323ndash2330
Wasan KM Najafi S Wong J and Kwong M (2001) Assessing plasma
lipid levels body weight and hepatic and renal toxicity following chronic oral
administration of a water soluble phytostanol compound FM-vp4 to gerbils
J Pharm Sci (wwwualberta ca-csps) 4 228-234
Watts GF and Gan SK (2008) Nutrition and metabolism non-alcoholic
fatty liver diseasemdashpathogenesis cardiovascular risk and therapy Curr Opin
Lipidol 19 92ndash4
Wei BQ Weaver LH Ferrari AM Matthews BW and Shoichet BK
(2004) Testing a flexible-receptor docking algorithm in a model binding
site J Mol Biol 337 (5) 1161ndash82 doi101016jjmb200402015
PMID 15046985
Weltman MD Farell GC and Hall P (1998) Hepatic cytochrome P450
2E1 is increased in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Hepatology
27 128-133
Weltman MD Farrell GC and Liddle C (1996) Increased hepatocyte
CYP2E1 expression in a rat nutritional model of hepatic steatosis with
inflammation Gastroenterology 111 1645-1653
Westerbacka J Lammi K and Hakkinen AM (2005) Dietary fat content
modifies liver fat in overweight non-diabetic subjects J Clin Endocrinol
Metab 90 2804ndash9
Wickens AP (2001) Aging and the free radical theory Respiration
Physiology 128 379ndash391
Williamson G Rhodes MJC and Parr AJ (1999) Disease prevention
and plant dietary substances In Brown DE Walton NJ (Eds) Chemicals
from plants Perspectives on plant secondary products London Imperial
College Press 251-276
Willianson EM Okpako DT and Evans EJ (1996) Selection
Preparation and Pharmacological evaluation of plant material England John
Wiley PI
Wink M (1999) Functions of plant secondary metabolites and their
xploitation in Biotechnology CRC Press 3-9
Wiseman H and Halliwell B (1996) Damage to DNA by reactive oxygen
and nitrogen species role in inflammatory disease and progression to cancer
Biochem J 313 (Pt 1) 17-29
Wiwianitkit V (2001) High serum alkaline phosphatise level a study in
181 Thai adult hospitalized patients BMC family practice 2 2
Wolf PL (1999) Biochemical diagnosis of liver disease Indian J Clin
Biochem 14 59
Wong CC Li HB Cheng KW and Chen FA (2006) Systematic
survey of antioxidant activity of 30 Chinese medicinal plants using the ferric
reducing antioxidant power assay Food Chem 97 705-711
World Health Health Organisation (2004) WHO guidelines on good
agricultural and collection practices (GACP) for medicinal plants Geneva
World Health Health Organisation 1-133
World Health Organisation (2006) Obesity and overweight Fact sheet 311
Available from httpwwwwhointmediacentrefactsheetsfs311
enprinthtml
Wouters K van Gorp PJ Bieghs V Gijbels MJ Duimel H
Luumltjohann D Kerksiek A van Kruchten R Maeda N Staels B van
Bilsen M Shiri-Sverdlov R and Hofker MH (2008) Dietary cholesterol
rather than liver steatosis leads to hepatic inflammation in hyperlipidemic
mouse models of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Hepatology 48 474ndash486
Wymann MP and Schneiter R (2008) Lipid signalling in disease Nat
Rev Mol Cell Biol 9 162ndash176
Yamaguchi F Saito M Ariga T Yoshimura Y and Nakazawa H
(2000) Free radical scavenging activity of garcinol from Garcinia indica
fruit rind J Agri Food Chem 48 2320ndash2325
Yamaguchi K Yang L McCall S Huang J Yu XX Pandey SK
Bhanot S Monia BP Li YX and Diehl AM (2007) Inhibiting
triglyceride synthesis improves hepatic steatosis but exacerbates liver
damage and fibrosis in obese mice with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Hepatology 45 1366ndash1374
Yang H Roberts LJ Jian Shi M Chun Zhou Li Ballard BR
Richardson A and Zhong Mao Guo Z (2004) Retardation of
atherosclerosis by overexpression of catalase or both CuZn-superoxide
dismutase and catalase in mice lacking apolipoprotein E Circ Res 95
1075ndash1081
Yang JS Lee SJ Park HW and Cha YS (2006) Effect of genistein
with carnitine administration on lipid parameters and obesity in C57Bl6J
mice fed a high-fat diet Journal of Medicinal Food 9 459ndash467
Yang RL Li W Shi YH and Le GW (2008) Lipoic acid prevents
high-fat dietndashinduced dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress A microarray
analysis Nutrition 24 582ndash588
Yang S Zhu H Li Y Lin H Gabrielson K Trush MA and Diehl
AM (2000) Mitochondrial adaptations to obesity-related oxidant stress
Arch Biochem Biophys 378 259-268
Yannerelli GG Gallego SM and Tamaro ML (2006) Effect of UV-B
radiation on the activity and isoforms of enzymes with peroxidise activity in
sunflower cotyledons Environ Exp Bot 56 174-181
Yao D Shi W Gou Y Zhou X Yee Aw T Zhou Y and Liu Z
(2005) Fatty acid-mediated intracellular iron translocation a synergistic
mechanism of oxidative injury Free Radic Biol Med 39(10) 1385ndash1398
Yao ZM and Vance DE (1990) Reduction in VLDL but not HDL in
plasma of rats deficient in choline Biochem Cell Biol 68 552-558
Yen GC and Chen HY (1995) Antioxidant activity of various tea
extracts in relation to their antimutagenicity J Agr Food Chem 43 27-32
You M Considine RV Leone TC Kelly DP and Crabb DW (2005)
Role of adiponectin in the protective action of dietary saturated fat against
alcoholic fatty liver in mice Hepatology 42 568ndash577
Younes M (1981) Inhibitory action of some flavonoids on enhanced
spontaneous lipid peroxidation following glutathione depletion Plant Med
43 240-245
Yu L Haley S Perret J Harris M Wilson J and Qian M (2002) Free
radical scavenging properties of wheat extracts J Agri Food Chem 50
1619ndash1624
Yun SN Moon SJ Ko SK Im BO and Chung SH (2004) Wild
ginseng prevents the onset of high-fat diet induced hyperglycemia and
obesity in ICR mice Arch Pham Res 27 790ndash6
Zak B (1954) Cholesterol Methodologies A review Clin Chem 23 1201
Zhai S Dai R Friedman FK and Vestal RE (1998) Drug Metab
Dispos 26 989
Zhang HM Chen SW Zhang LS and Feng XF (2008) The effects of
soy isoflavone on insulin sensitivity and adipocytokines in insulin resistant
rats administered with high-fat diet Nat Prod Res 22 1637ndash1649
Zhang Z Apse K Pang J and Stanton RC (2000) High glucose inhibits
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase via cAMP in aortic endothelial cells J
Biol Chem 275 40042-40047
Zhao B (2009) Natural antioxidants protect neurons in Alzheimerlsquos disease
and Parkinsonlsquos disease Neurochem Res 34 630ndash8
Zheng S Hoos L Cook J Tetzloff G Harry DJ and Van Heek M
(2008) Ezetimibe improves high fat and cholesterol diet-induced non-
alcoholic fatty liver disease Vascular Health and Risk Management 4 235ndash
241
Zhu X Zhang W Pang X Wang J Zhao J and Qu W (2011)
Hypolipidaemic effect of n-butanol extract from Asparagus officinalis L in
mice fed a high-fat diet Phytotherapy Research 31 doi101002ptr3380
Zimmerman H J and Seeff L B (1970) Enzymes in hepatic disease In E
L Goodly (Ed) Diagnostic Enzymology (pp 1ndash38) Philadelphia USA
Lea amp Febiger
Zimmet P Shaw J and Alberti KG (2003) Preventing Type 2 Diabetes
and the Dysmetabolic Syndrome in the Real World a Realistic View Diabet
Med 20 693-702
Shukla R Gupta S Gambhir JK Prabhu KM and Murthy PS (2004)
Antioxidant effect of aqueous extract of the bark of Ficus bengalensis in
hypercholesterolaemic rabbits Journal of Ethnopharmacology 92 47ndash51
Sido B Hack V and Hochlehner A (1998) Impairment of intestinal
glutathione synthesis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease [J] Int J
Gastroenterol Hepatol 42(4) 485-492
Sies H (1997) Oxidative stress oxidants and antioxidants Exp Physiol
82 291-295
Sies H and Cadenas E (1985) Oxidative stress damage to intact cells and
organs Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 311 617-631
Silva BA Ferreres F Malva JO and Dias ACP (2005)
Phytochemical and antioxidant characterization of Hypericum perforatum
alcoholic extracts Food Chemistry 90 157ndash167
Singanan V Singana M and Begum H (2007) The hepatoprotective
effect of Bael leaves in alcohol induced liver injury in albino rats
International J Science and Technology 2(2) 83-92
Singh M Govindarajan R Nath V Singh RAK and Mehrotra S
(2006) Antimicrobial wound healing and antioxidant activity of
Plagiochasma appendiculatum Lehm et Lind Journal of
Ethanopharamacology 107 67-72
Singh R Wang Y Schattenberg JM Xiang Y and Czaja MJ (2009)
Chronic oxidative stress sensitizes hepatocytes to death from 4-
hydroxynonenal by JNKc-Jun overactivation Am J Physiol Gastrointest
Liver Physiol 297 G907-G917
Singh SP Nayak S and Swain M (2004) Prevalence of non-alcoholic
fatty liver disease in coastal eastern India a preliminary ultrasonographic
survey Trop Gastroentrol 25 76-9
Sirisha N Sreenivasulu M Sangeeta K and Madhusudhana Chetty C
(2010) Antioxidant Properties of Ficus Species ndash A Review International
Journal of PharmTech Research CODEN (USA) IJPRIF ISSN 0974-
4304 Vol2 No4 pp 2174-2182 Oct-Dec 2010
Sivarajan VV and Balachandran I (1994) Ayurvedic Drugs and their
Plant Source Oxford and IBH Publishing Co Pvt Ltd New Delhi India
Smid E J De Witte Y and Gorris L G M (1995) Postharvest Biol
Technol 6 303
Smirnoff N (2001) ―L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis Vitam Horm 61 241-
266
Smirnoff N Cumbes QJ (1989) Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of
compatible solutes Phytochemistry 281057-1060
Solga S Alkhuraishe AR and Clark JM (2004) Dietary composition
and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Dig Dis Sci 491578ndash83
Son IS Kim JH Sohn HY Son KH Kim JS and Kwon CS
(2007) Antioxidative and hypolipidaemic effects of diosgenin a steroidal
saponin of yam (Dioscorea spp) on high-cholesterol fed rats Bioscience
Biotechnology and Biochemistry 71 3063ndash3071
Song BJ Moon KH and Olsson NU (2008) Prevention of alcoholic
fatty liver and mitochondrial dysfunction in the rat by long-chain
polyunsaturated fatty acids J Hepatol 49 262ndash273
Song Y Manson JE Buring JE Sesso HD and Liu S (2005) J Am
Coll Nutr 24 376e384
Sookoian S Castanlsquoo GO Burguenlsquoo AL Gianotti TF Risselli MS
and Pirola CJ (2009) J Lipid Res 52 2111ndash2116
Spady DK and Dietschy JM (1988) Interaction of dietary cholesterol and
triglycerides in the regulation of hepatic low density lipoprotein transport in
the hamster The Journal of Clinical Investigation 81 300ndash309
Spencer JP Jenner A Butler J Aruoma OI Dexter DT Jenner P
and Halliwell B (1996) Evaluation of the pro-oxidant and antioxidant
actions of LDOPA and dopamine in vitro implications for Parkinsons
disease Free Radical Research 24 95-105
Spiteller G (2001) Lipid peroxidation in aging and age-dependent diseases
Exp Geront 36 1425-1457
Spolarics Z and Meyenhofer M (2000) Augmented resistance to oxidative
stress in fatty rat livers induced by a short-term sucrose-rich diet Biochim
Biophys Acta 1487 190-200
Sreejayan N and Rao MNA (1997) Nitric oxide scavenging by
curcuminoids Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 49 105ndash107
Srivastava V (2008) Bioinformation 3 180 [PMID 19238244]
Stadlbauer V Fickert P Lackner C Schmerlaib J Krisper P Trauner
M and Stauber RE (2005) Hepatotoxicity of NONI juice Report of two
cases World J Gastroenterol 11 4758ndash4760
Stadtman ER and Levine RL (2003) Free radical-mediated oxidation of
free amino acids and amino acid residues in proteins Amino Acids 25 207-
218
Stanner SA Hughes J Kelly CN and Buttriss JA (2004) Review of
the epidemiological evidence for the antioxidant hypotheses Public Health
Nutrition 7 407-422
Steiner RP (1986) Folk Medicine ndash The Art and the Science American
Chemical Society Washington DC 223
Stickel F and Schuppan D (2007) Herbal medicine in the treatment of
liver diseases Digestive and liver Disease 39 (4) 293-304
Stief TW (2003) The physiology and pharmacology of singlet oxygen
Med Hypotheses 60 567-572
Stiehl A Walker S Stiehl L Rudolph G Hofmann WJ and
Theilmann L (1994) Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on liver and bile duct
disease in primary sclerosing cholangitis A 3-year pilot study with a
placebo-controlled study period J Hepatol 20 57ndash64
Sudhahar V Kumar SA and Varalakshmi P (2006) Role of lupeol and
lupeol linoleate on lipemicndashoxidative stress in experimental
hypercholesterolemia Life Science 78 1329ndash1335
Sun Q Ma J Campos H Hankinson SE Manson JE and Stampfer
MJ (2007) A prospective study of trans fatty acids in erythrocytes and risk
of coronary heart disease Circulation 115 1858ndash1865
Sun WY Wei W Wu L Gui SY and Wang H (2007) Effects and
mechanisms of extract from Paeonia lactiflora and Astragalus
membranaceus on liver fibrosis induced by CCl4 in rats J
Ethanopharmacol 112 514-524
Suntress ZA and Sheck PN (1995) Prevention of lung injury by
tocopherol lipsome J Drug target 3 201
Suresh PS Kumar A Kumar R and Singh VP (2008) An in silico
[correction of insilico] approach to bioremediation laccase as a case study
J Mol Graph Model 26 (5) 845ndash9 doi101016jjmgm200705005
PMID 17606396
Swanr JC and Connor WE (1975) Hypercholesterolemia of total
starvation its mechanism via tissue mobilization of cholesterol
AmJPhysiol 229 365-369
Szczeklik A Gryglewski RJ Domagala B Dworski R and Basista M
(1985) Dietary supplementation with Vitamin E in hyperlipoproteinemias
effects on plasma lipid peroxides antioxidant activity prostacyclin
generation and platelet aggregability Thrombosis and Haemostasis 54 425ndash
430
Szeto YT Tomlinson B and Benzie IF (2002) Total antioxidant and
ascorbic acid content of fresh fruits and vegetables Implications for dietary
planning and Food preservation British J Nutr 87 55-59
Taher A Ismaeel H and Cappellini MD (2006) Thalassemia intermedia
revisited Blood Cells Mol Dis 37 12-20
Tapondjou AL Miyamoto T Mirjolet JF Guilbaud N and Lacaille-
Dubois MA (2005) Pursaethosides AndashE triterpene saponins from Entada
pursaetha Journal of Natural Products 68 1185ndash1190
Targher G Bertolini L Padovani R Poli F Scala L Zenari L
Zoppini G and Falezza G (2006) Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is
associated with carotid artery wall thickness in diet-controlled type 2 diabetic
patients J Endocrinol Invest 29 55ndash60
Taylor and Francis (2000) Toxicology of the Human Environment - the
critical role of free radicals London
Teli MR James OF Burt AD Bennett MK and Day CP (1995)
The natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver a follow-up study
Hepatology 22 1714ndash1719
Tetri LH Basaranoglu M Brunt EM Yerian LM and Neuschwander-
Tetri BA (2008) Severe NAFLD with hepatic necroinflammatory changes
in mice fed trans fats and a high-fructose corn syrup equivalent Am J
Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 295 G987ndashG995
Thippeswamy NB and Naidu AK (2005) Antioxidant potency of cumin
varieties cumin black cumin and bitter cumin on antioxidant systems Eur
Food Res Technol 220 472ndash476
Tietge UJ Boker KH Bahr MJ Weinberg S Pichlmayr R Schmidt
HH and Manns MP (1998) Lipid parameters predicting liver function in
patients with cirrhosis and after liver transplantation Hepato-
gastroenterology 45(24) 2255-2260
Tietz NW (1970) Fund of Clin Chem P 447
Tilak Khanal Jae Ho Choi Yong Pil Hwang Young Chul Chung Hye
Gwang Jeong (2009) Protective effects of saponins from the root of
Platycodon grandiflorum against fatty liver in chronic ethanol feeding via the
activation of AMP-dependent protein kinase Food and Chemical
Toxicology 47 2749ndash2754
Ting LP (1982) Plant physiology Addison Wesley Services in Life
Sciences New York USA
Tiwari O P and Tripathi Y B (2007) Antioxidant properties of different
fractions of Vitex negundo Linn Food Chemistry 100 1170ndash1176
Toledo FGS Sniderman AD and Kelley DE (2006) Influence of
hepatic steatosis (fatty liver) on severity and composition of dyslipidemia in
type 2 diabetes Diabetes Care 29 1845ndash50
Tomomichi Chonan Hiroaki Tanaka Daisuke Yamamoto Miyoko Yashiro
Takahiro Oi Daisuke Wakasugi Ayumi Ohoka-Sugita Fusayo Io Hiroko
Koretsune Akira Hiratate (2010) Design and synthesis of disubstituted (4-
piperidinyl)-piperazine derivatives as potent acetyl-CoA carboxylase
inhibitors Bioorganic amp Medicinal Chemistry Letters 20 3965ndash3968
Townsend KL Lorenzi MM and Widmaier EP (2008) High-fat diet-
induced changes in body mass and hypothalamic gene expression in wild-
type and leptindeficient mice Endocrine 33 176ndash188
Trenam CW Blake DR and Morris CJ (1992) Skin inflammation
reactive Oxygen Species and the role of iron Journal of Investigation
Dermatology 99 675-682
Trinder P (1969) Ann Clin Biochem 6 24
Trivedi CP Shinde S and Sharma RC (1969) Preliminary
phytochemical and pharmacological studies on Ficus racemosa extract
(Gular) Indian J Med Res 57 (6) 1070ndash1074
Tuck KL and Hayball PJ (2002) Major phenolic compounds in olive oil
metabolism and health effects Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 13 636ndash
644
Tundis R Bonesi M Deguin B Loizzo MR Menichini F Conforti F
and Menichini F (2009) Cytotoxic activity and inhibitory effect on nitric
oxide production of triterpene saponins from the roots of Physospermum
verticillatum (Waldst and Kit) (Apiaceae) Bioorganic and Medicinal
Chemistry 17 4542ndash4547
Uchida K (2003) 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal a product and mediator of
oxidative stress Prog Lipid Res 42 318-343
Upadhyay RK Pandey MB Jha RN and Pandey VB (2001)
Eclalbatin triterpine saponins from Eclipta alba J Asian Nat Prod Res 3
213-217
Upasani CD and Balaraman R (2001) Effect of vitamin e vitamin C and
spirulina on the levels of membrane bound enzymes and lipids in some
organs of rats exposed to lead Indian J Pharm 33 185-191
Urmila Thatte (2004) Challenges in clinical research on Herbs Indian
JNat Prod 19 (1) 35-36
Urquiaga I and Leighton F (2000) Plant polyphenol antioxidants and
oxidative stress Biol Res Biol 33(2) 55ndash64
Ur-Rahman A Sohail M Ahmed S Iqbal Choudhary M and Ur-
Rahman H (1985) Heterocycles 23 953ndash955
Valko M Leibfritz D Moncol J Cronin MT Mazur M and Telser J
(2007) Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and
human disease International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology 39
44ndash84
Valko M Rhodes CJ Moncol J Izakovic M and Mazur M (2006)
Free radicals metals and antioxidants in oxidative stress-induced cancer
Chem-Biol Interact 10 1ndash40
Van den Berg R Haenen GRMM Van den Berg H and Bast A
(1999) Applicability of an improved Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity
(TEAC) assay for evaluation of antioxidant capacity measurements of
mixtures Food Chem 66 511-517
Varela-Rey M Embade N Ariz U Lu SC Mato JM and Martinez-
Chantar ML (2009) Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and animal models
Understanding the human disease The International Journal of Biochemistry
and Cell Biology 41 969ndash976
Venkat Ratnam D Ankolaa D Bhardwaja V Sahanaa DK and Ravi
Kumar MNV (2007) Role of antioxidants in prophylaxis and therapy a
pharmaceutical perspective Journal of Controlled Release 113(3) 189-207
Venukumar MR and Latha MS (2004) Effect of Coscinium fenestratum
on hepatotoxicity in rats Indian J of Exp Bio 42 792-97
Verma A Vijayakumar M Chandana V Rao Chandra S and Mathela
(2010) In vitro and In vivo antioxidant properties and DNA damage
protective activity of green fruit of Ficus glomerata Food and Chemical
Toxicology 48 704ndash709
Verma S and Singh SP (2008) Current and future status of herbal
medicines Vet World 1 347ndash50
Vetelainen R van Vliet A and vcan Gulik TM (2007) Essential
pathogenic and metabolic differences in steatosis induced by choline or
methionine-choline deficient diets in a rat model J Gastroenterol Hepatol
221526-1533
Vichnvetskaia KD and Roy DN (2001) Oxidative stress and
antioxidative defence with an emphasis on plants antioxidants Environ Rev
7 31-35
Videla LA Rodrigo R Orellana M Fernandez V Tapia G Quintildeones
L Varela N Contreras J Lazarte R Csendes A Rojas J Maluenda
F Burdiles P Diaz JC Smok G Thielemann L and Poniachik J
(2004) Oxidative stress-related parameters in the liver of non-alcoholic fatty
liver disease patients Clin Sci (Lond) 106 261-268
Villanova N Moscatiello S and Ramillis S (2005) Endothelial
dysfunction and cardiovascular risk profile in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Am J Gastroenterol 99 1497ndash1502
Vinson JA Zubik L Bose P Samman N Proch J (2005) Dried fruits
excellent invitro and in vivo antioxidants Journal of the American College of
Nutrition 24 44ndash50
Viuda-Martos M Navajas Y R Zapata E S Fernandez-Lopez J and
Perez-Alvarez J A (2010) Antioxidant activity of essential oils of five
spice plants widely used in a Mediterranean diet Flavour and Fragrance
Journal 25 13minus19
Vural H Aksoy N and Ozbilge H (2004) Alterations of oxidative
antioxidative status in human cutaneous lishmaniasis Cell Biochem Funct
22 153-156
Wakil SJ Stoops JK and Joshi VC (1983) Fatty acid synthesis and its
regulation Ann Rev Biochem 52 537ndash579
Wang J Li J Zou Y Chenga W Lu C Zhang L Gea J Huanga C
Jin Y Xiong-wen Lv Cheng-mu Hu and Li-ping Liu (2009) Preventive
effects of total flavonoids of Litsea coreana leve on hepatic steatosis in rats
fed with high fat diet Journal of Ethnopharmacology 121 54ndash60
Wang K Zhang Y and Yang C (2005) Antioxidant phenolic compounds
from rhizomes of Polygonum paleaceum Journal of Ethnopharmacology
96 483ndash487
Wang LF and Zhang HY (2003) A theoretical investigation on DPPH
radical-scavenging mechanism of Edaravone Bioorg Med Chem Lett 13
3789ndash3792
Wang X and Quinn P (1999) Vitamin E and its function in membranes
Prog Lipid Res 38(4) 309-336
Wang Y Beydoun MA Liang L Caballero B and Kumanyika SK
(2008) Will all Americans become overweight or obese Estimating the
progression and cost of the US obesity epidemic Obesity (Silver Spring) 16
2323ndash2330
Wasan KM Najafi S Wong J and Kwong M (2001) Assessing plasma
lipid levels body weight and hepatic and renal toxicity following chronic oral
administration of a water soluble phytostanol compound FM-vp4 to gerbils
J Pharm Sci (wwwualberta ca-csps) 4 228-234
Watts GF and Gan SK (2008) Nutrition and metabolism non-alcoholic
fatty liver diseasemdashpathogenesis cardiovascular risk and therapy Curr Opin
Lipidol 19 92ndash4
Wei BQ Weaver LH Ferrari AM Matthews BW and Shoichet BK
(2004) Testing a flexible-receptor docking algorithm in a model binding
site J Mol Biol 337 (5) 1161ndash82 doi101016jjmb200402015
PMID 15046985
Weltman MD Farell GC and Hall P (1998) Hepatic cytochrome P450
2E1 is increased in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Hepatology
27 128-133
Weltman MD Farrell GC and Liddle C (1996) Increased hepatocyte
CYP2E1 expression in a rat nutritional model of hepatic steatosis with
inflammation Gastroenterology 111 1645-1653
Westerbacka J Lammi K and Hakkinen AM (2005) Dietary fat content
modifies liver fat in overweight non-diabetic subjects J Clin Endocrinol
Metab 90 2804ndash9
Wickens AP (2001) Aging and the free radical theory Respiration
Physiology 128 379ndash391
Williamson G Rhodes MJC and Parr AJ (1999) Disease prevention
and plant dietary substances In Brown DE Walton NJ (Eds) Chemicals
from plants Perspectives on plant secondary products London Imperial
College Press 251-276
Willianson EM Okpako DT and Evans EJ (1996) Selection
Preparation and Pharmacological evaluation of plant material England John
Wiley PI
Wink M (1999) Functions of plant secondary metabolites and their
xploitation in Biotechnology CRC Press 3-9
Wiseman H and Halliwell B (1996) Damage to DNA by reactive oxygen
and nitrogen species role in inflammatory disease and progression to cancer
Biochem J 313 (Pt 1) 17-29
Wiwianitkit V (2001) High serum alkaline phosphatise level a study in
181 Thai adult hospitalized patients BMC family practice 2 2
Wolf PL (1999) Biochemical diagnosis of liver disease Indian J Clin
Biochem 14 59
Wong CC Li HB Cheng KW and Chen FA (2006) Systematic
survey of antioxidant activity of 30 Chinese medicinal plants using the ferric
reducing antioxidant power assay Food Chem 97 705-711
World Health Health Organisation (2004) WHO guidelines on good
agricultural and collection practices (GACP) for medicinal plants Geneva
World Health Health Organisation 1-133
World Health Organisation (2006) Obesity and overweight Fact sheet 311
Available from httpwwwwhointmediacentrefactsheetsfs311
enprinthtml
Wouters K van Gorp PJ Bieghs V Gijbels MJ Duimel H
Luumltjohann D Kerksiek A van Kruchten R Maeda N Staels B van
Bilsen M Shiri-Sverdlov R and Hofker MH (2008) Dietary cholesterol
rather than liver steatosis leads to hepatic inflammation in hyperlipidemic
mouse models of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Hepatology 48 474ndash486
Wymann MP and Schneiter R (2008) Lipid signalling in disease Nat
Rev Mol Cell Biol 9 162ndash176
Yamaguchi F Saito M Ariga T Yoshimura Y and Nakazawa H
(2000) Free radical scavenging activity of garcinol from Garcinia indica
fruit rind J Agri Food Chem 48 2320ndash2325
Yamaguchi K Yang L McCall S Huang J Yu XX Pandey SK
Bhanot S Monia BP Li YX and Diehl AM (2007) Inhibiting
triglyceride synthesis improves hepatic steatosis but exacerbates liver
damage and fibrosis in obese mice with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Hepatology 45 1366ndash1374
Yang H Roberts LJ Jian Shi M Chun Zhou Li Ballard BR
Richardson A and Zhong Mao Guo Z (2004) Retardation of
atherosclerosis by overexpression of catalase or both CuZn-superoxide
dismutase and catalase in mice lacking apolipoprotein E Circ Res 95
1075ndash1081
Yang JS Lee SJ Park HW and Cha YS (2006) Effect of genistein
with carnitine administration on lipid parameters and obesity in C57Bl6J
mice fed a high-fat diet Journal of Medicinal Food 9 459ndash467
Yang RL Li W Shi YH and Le GW (2008) Lipoic acid prevents
high-fat dietndashinduced dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress A microarray
analysis Nutrition 24 582ndash588
Yang S Zhu H Li Y Lin H Gabrielson K Trush MA and Diehl
AM (2000) Mitochondrial adaptations to obesity-related oxidant stress
Arch Biochem Biophys 378 259-268
Yannerelli GG Gallego SM and Tamaro ML (2006) Effect of UV-B
radiation on the activity and isoforms of enzymes with peroxidise activity in
sunflower cotyledons Environ Exp Bot 56 174-181
Yao D Shi W Gou Y Zhou X Yee Aw T Zhou Y and Liu Z
(2005) Fatty acid-mediated intracellular iron translocation a synergistic
mechanism of oxidative injury Free Radic Biol Med 39(10) 1385ndash1398
Yao ZM and Vance DE (1990) Reduction in VLDL but not HDL in
plasma of rats deficient in choline Biochem Cell Biol 68 552-558
Yen GC and Chen HY (1995) Antioxidant activity of various tea
extracts in relation to their antimutagenicity J Agr Food Chem 43 27-32
You M Considine RV Leone TC Kelly DP and Crabb DW (2005)
Role of adiponectin in the protective action of dietary saturated fat against
alcoholic fatty liver in mice Hepatology 42 568ndash577
Younes M (1981) Inhibitory action of some flavonoids on enhanced
spontaneous lipid peroxidation following glutathione depletion Plant Med
43 240-245
Yu L Haley S Perret J Harris M Wilson J and Qian M (2002) Free
radical scavenging properties of wheat extracts J Agri Food Chem 50
1619ndash1624
Yun SN Moon SJ Ko SK Im BO and Chung SH (2004) Wild
ginseng prevents the onset of high-fat diet induced hyperglycemia and
obesity in ICR mice Arch Pham Res 27 790ndash6
Zak B (1954) Cholesterol Methodologies A review Clin Chem 23 1201
Zhai S Dai R Friedman FK and Vestal RE (1998) Drug Metab
Dispos 26 989
Zhang HM Chen SW Zhang LS and Feng XF (2008) The effects of
soy isoflavone on insulin sensitivity and adipocytokines in insulin resistant
rats administered with high-fat diet Nat Prod Res 22 1637ndash1649
Zhang Z Apse K Pang J and Stanton RC (2000) High glucose inhibits
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase via cAMP in aortic endothelial cells J
Biol Chem 275 40042-40047
Zhao B (2009) Natural antioxidants protect neurons in Alzheimerlsquos disease
and Parkinsonlsquos disease Neurochem Res 34 630ndash8
Zheng S Hoos L Cook J Tetzloff G Harry DJ and Van Heek M
(2008) Ezetimibe improves high fat and cholesterol diet-induced non-
alcoholic fatty liver disease Vascular Health and Risk Management 4 235ndash
241
Zhu X Zhang W Pang X Wang J Zhao J and Qu W (2011)
Hypolipidaemic effect of n-butanol extract from Asparagus officinalis L in
mice fed a high-fat diet Phytotherapy Research 31 doi101002ptr3380
Zimmerman H J and Seeff L B (1970) Enzymes in hepatic disease In E
L Goodly (Ed) Diagnostic Enzymology (pp 1ndash38) Philadelphia USA
Lea amp Febiger
Zimmet P Shaw J and Alberti KG (2003) Preventing Type 2 Diabetes
and the Dysmetabolic Syndrome in the Real World a Realistic View Diabet
Med 20 693-702
Smirnoff N (2001) ―L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis Vitam Horm 61 241-
266
Smirnoff N Cumbes QJ (1989) Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of
compatible solutes Phytochemistry 281057-1060
Solga S Alkhuraishe AR and Clark JM (2004) Dietary composition
and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Dig Dis Sci 491578ndash83
Son IS Kim JH Sohn HY Son KH Kim JS and Kwon CS
(2007) Antioxidative and hypolipidaemic effects of diosgenin a steroidal
saponin of yam (Dioscorea spp) on high-cholesterol fed rats Bioscience
Biotechnology and Biochemistry 71 3063ndash3071
Song BJ Moon KH and Olsson NU (2008) Prevention of alcoholic
fatty liver and mitochondrial dysfunction in the rat by long-chain
polyunsaturated fatty acids J Hepatol 49 262ndash273
Song Y Manson JE Buring JE Sesso HD and Liu S (2005) J Am
Coll Nutr 24 376e384
Sookoian S Castanlsquoo GO Burguenlsquoo AL Gianotti TF Risselli MS
and Pirola CJ (2009) J Lipid Res 52 2111ndash2116
Spady DK and Dietschy JM (1988) Interaction of dietary cholesterol and
triglycerides in the regulation of hepatic low density lipoprotein transport in
the hamster The Journal of Clinical Investigation 81 300ndash309
Spencer JP Jenner A Butler J Aruoma OI Dexter DT Jenner P
and Halliwell B (1996) Evaluation of the pro-oxidant and antioxidant
actions of LDOPA and dopamine in vitro implications for Parkinsons
disease Free Radical Research 24 95-105
Spiteller G (2001) Lipid peroxidation in aging and age-dependent diseases
Exp Geront 36 1425-1457
Spolarics Z and Meyenhofer M (2000) Augmented resistance to oxidative
stress in fatty rat livers induced by a short-term sucrose-rich diet Biochim
Biophys Acta 1487 190-200
Sreejayan N and Rao MNA (1997) Nitric oxide scavenging by
curcuminoids Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 49 105ndash107
Srivastava V (2008) Bioinformation 3 180 [PMID 19238244]
Stadlbauer V Fickert P Lackner C Schmerlaib J Krisper P Trauner
M and Stauber RE (2005) Hepatotoxicity of NONI juice Report of two
cases World J Gastroenterol 11 4758ndash4760
Stadtman ER and Levine RL (2003) Free radical-mediated oxidation of
free amino acids and amino acid residues in proteins Amino Acids 25 207-
218
Stanner SA Hughes J Kelly CN and Buttriss JA (2004) Review of
the epidemiological evidence for the antioxidant hypotheses Public Health
Nutrition 7 407-422
Steiner RP (1986) Folk Medicine ndash The Art and the Science American
Chemical Society Washington DC 223
Stickel F and Schuppan D (2007) Herbal medicine in the treatment of
liver diseases Digestive and liver Disease 39 (4) 293-304
Stief TW (2003) The physiology and pharmacology of singlet oxygen
Med Hypotheses 60 567-572
Stiehl A Walker S Stiehl L Rudolph G Hofmann WJ and
Theilmann L (1994) Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on liver and bile duct
disease in primary sclerosing cholangitis A 3-year pilot study with a
placebo-controlled study period J Hepatol 20 57ndash64
Sudhahar V Kumar SA and Varalakshmi P (2006) Role of lupeol and
lupeol linoleate on lipemicndashoxidative stress in experimental
hypercholesterolemia Life Science 78 1329ndash1335
Sun Q Ma J Campos H Hankinson SE Manson JE and Stampfer
MJ (2007) A prospective study of trans fatty acids in erythrocytes and risk
of coronary heart disease Circulation 115 1858ndash1865
Sun WY Wei W Wu L Gui SY and Wang H (2007) Effects and
mechanisms of extract from Paeonia lactiflora and Astragalus
membranaceus on liver fibrosis induced by CCl4 in rats J
Ethanopharmacol 112 514-524
Suntress ZA and Sheck PN (1995) Prevention of lung injury by
tocopherol lipsome J Drug target 3 201
Suresh PS Kumar A Kumar R and Singh VP (2008) An in silico
[correction of insilico] approach to bioremediation laccase as a case study
J Mol Graph Model 26 (5) 845ndash9 doi101016jjmgm200705005
PMID 17606396
Swanr JC and Connor WE (1975) Hypercholesterolemia of total
starvation its mechanism via tissue mobilization of cholesterol
AmJPhysiol 229 365-369
Szczeklik A Gryglewski RJ Domagala B Dworski R and Basista M
(1985) Dietary supplementation with Vitamin E in hyperlipoproteinemias
effects on plasma lipid peroxides antioxidant activity prostacyclin
generation and platelet aggregability Thrombosis and Haemostasis 54 425ndash
430
Szeto YT Tomlinson B and Benzie IF (2002) Total antioxidant and
ascorbic acid content of fresh fruits and vegetables Implications for dietary
planning and Food preservation British J Nutr 87 55-59
Taher A Ismaeel H and Cappellini MD (2006) Thalassemia intermedia
revisited Blood Cells Mol Dis 37 12-20
Tapondjou AL Miyamoto T Mirjolet JF Guilbaud N and Lacaille-
Dubois MA (2005) Pursaethosides AndashE triterpene saponins from Entada
pursaetha Journal of Natural Products 68 1185ndash1190
Targher G Bertolini L Padovani R Poli F Scala L Zenari L
Zoppini G and Falezza G (2006) Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is
associated with carotid artery wall thickness in diet-controlled type 2 diabetic
patients J Endocrinol Invest 29 55ndash60
Taylor and Francis (2000) Toxicology of the Human Environment - the
critical role of free radicals London
Teli MR James OF Burt AD Bennett MK and Day CP (1995)
The natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver a follow-up study
Hepatology 22 1714ndash1719
Tetri LH Basaranoglu M Brunt EM Yerian LM and Neuschwander-
Tetri BA (2008) Severe NAFLD with hepatic necroinflammatory changes
in mice fed trans fats and a high-fructose corn syrup equivalent Am J
Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 295 G987ndashG995
Thippeswamy NB and Naidu AK (2005) Antioxidant potency of cumin
varieties cumin black cumin and bitter cumin on antioxidant systems Eur
Food Res Technol 220 472ndash476
Tietge UJ Boker KH Bahr MJ Weinberg S Pichlmayr R Schmidt
HH and Manns MP (1998) Lipid parameters predicting liver function in
patients with cirrhosis and after liver transplantation Hepato-
gastroenterology 45(24) 2255-2260
Tietz NW (1970) Fund of Clin Chem P 447
Tilak Khanal Jae Ho Choi Yong Pil Hwang Young Chul Chung Hye
Gwang Jeong (2009) Protective effects of saponins from the root of
Platycodon grandiflorum against fatty liver in chronic ethanol feeding via the
activation of AMP-dependent protein kinase Food and Chemical
Toxicology 47 2749ndash2754
Ting LP (1982) Plant physiology Addison Wesley Services in Life
Sciences New York USA
Tiwari O P and Tripathi Y B (2007) Antioxidant properties of different
fractions of Vitex negundo Linn Food Chemistry 100 1170ndash1176
Toledo FGS Sniderman AD and Kelley DE (2006) Influence of
hepatic steatosis (fatty liver) on severity and composition of dyslipidemia in
type 2 diabetes Diabetes Care 29 1845ndash50
Tomomichi Chonan Hiroaki Tanaka Daisuke Yamamoto Miyoko Yashiro
Takahiro Oi Daisuke Wakasugi Ayumi Ohoka-Sugita Fusayo Io Hiroko
Koretsune Akira Hiratate (2010) Design and synthesis of disubstituted (4-
piperidinyl)-piperazine derivatives as potent acetyl-CoA carboxylase
inhibitors Bioorganic amp Medicinal Chemistry Letters 20 3965ndash3968
Townsend KL Lorenzi MM and Widmaier EP (2008) High-fat diet-
induced changes in body mass and hypothalamic gene expression in wild-
type and leptindeficient mice Endocrine 33 176ndash188
Trenam CW Blake DR and Morris CJ (1992) Skin inflammation
reactive Oxygen Species and the role of iron Journal of Investigation
Dermatology 99 675-682
Trinder P (1969) Ann Clin Biochem 6 24
Trivedi CP Shinde S and Sharma RC (1969) Preliminary
phytochemical and pharmacological studies on Ficus racemosa extract
(Gular) Indian J Med Res 57 (6) 1070ndash1074
Tuck KL and Hayball PJ (2002) Major phenolic compounds in olive oil
metabolism and health effects Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 13 636ndash
644
Tundis R Bonesi M Deguin B Loizzo MR Menichini F Conforti F
and Menichini F (2009) Cytotoxic activity and inhibitory effect on nitric
oxide production of triterpene saponins from the roots of Physospermum
verticillatum (Waldst and Kit) (Apiaceae) Bioorganic and Medicinal
Chemistry 17 4542ndash4547
Uchida K (2003) 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal a product and mediator of
oxidative stress Prog Lipid Res 42 318-343
Upadhyay RK Pandey MB Jha RN and Pandey VB (2001)
Eclalbatin triterpine saponins from Eclipta alba J Asian Nat Prod Res 3
213-217
Upasani CD and Balaraman R (2001) Effect of vitamin e vitamin C and
spirulina on the levels of membrane bound enzymes and lipids in some
organs of rats exposed to lead Indian J Pharm 33 185-191
Urmila Thatte (2004) Challenges in clinical research on Herbs Indian
JNat Prod 19 (1) 35-36
Urquiaga I and Leighton F (2000) Plant polyphenol antioxidants and
oxidative stress Biol Res Biol 33(2) 55ndash64
Ur-Rahman A Sohail M Ahmed S Iqbal Choudhary M and Ur-
Rahman H (1985) Heterocycles 23 953ndash955
Valko M Leibfritz D Moncol J Cronin MT Mazur M and Telser J
(2007) Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and
human disease International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology 39
44ndash84
Valko M Rhodes CJ Moncol J Izakovic M and Mazur M (2006)
Free radicals metals and antioxidants in oxidative stress-induced cancer
Chem-Biol Interact 10 1ndash40
Van den Berg R Haenen GRMM Van den Berg H and Bast A
(1999) Applicability of an improved Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity
(TEAC) assay for evaluation of antioxidant capacity measurements of
mixtures Food Chem 66 511-517
Varela-Rey M Embade N Ariz U Lu SC Mato JM and Martinez-
Chantar ML (2009) Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and animal models
Understanding the human disease The International Journal of Biochemistry
and Cell Biology 41 969ndash976
Venkat Ratnam D Ankolaa D Bhardwaja V Sahanaa DK and Ravi
Kumar MNV (2007) Role of antioxidants in prophylaxis and therapy a
pharmaceutical perspective Journal of Controlled Release 113(3) 189-207
Venukumar MR and Latha MS (2004) Effect of Coscinium fenestratum
on hepatotoxicity in rats Indian J of Exp Bio 42 792-97
Verma A Vijayakumar M Chandana V Rao Chandra S and Mathela
(2010) In vitro and In vivo antioxidant properties and DNA damage
protective activity of green fruit of Ficus glomerata Food and Chemical
Toxicology 48 704ndash709
Verma S and Singh SP (2008) Current and future status of herbal
medicines Vet World 1 347ndash50
Vetelainen R van Vliet A and vcan Gulik TM (2007) Essential
pathogenic and metabolic differences in steatosis induced by choline or
methionine-choline deficient diets in a rat model J Gastroenterol Hepatol
221526-1533
Vichnvetskaia KD and Roy DN (2001) Oxidative stress and
antioxidative defence with an emphasis on plants antioxidants Environ Rev
7 31-35
Videla LA Rodrigo R Orellana M Fernandez V Tapia G Quintildeones
L Varela N Contreras J Lazarte R Csendes A Rojas J Maluenda
F Burdiles P Diaz JC Smok G Thielemann L and Poniachik J
(2004) Oxidative stress-related parameters in the liver of non-alcoholic fatty
liver disease patients Clin Sci (Lond) 106 261-268
Villanova N Moscatiello S and Ramillis S (2005) Endothelial
dysfunction and cardiovascular risk profile in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Am J Gastroenterol 99 1497ndash1502
Vinson JA Zubik L Bose P Samman N Proch J (2005) Dried fruits
excellent invitro and in vivo antioxidants Journal of the American College of
Nutrition 24 44ndash50
Viuda-Martos M Navajas Y R Zapata E S Fernandez-Lopez J and
Perez-Alvarez J A (2010) Antioxidant activity of essential oils of five
spice plants widely used in a Mediterranean diet Flavour and Fragrance
Journal 25 13minus19
Vural H Aksoy N and Ozbilge H (2004) Alterations of oxidative
antioxidative status in human cutaneous lishmaniasis Cell Biochem Funct
22 153-156
Wakil SJ Stoops JK and Joshi VC (1983) Fatty acid synthesis and its
regulation Ann Rev Biochem 52 537ndash579
Wang J Li J Zou Y Chenga W Lu C Zhang L Gea J Huanga C
Jin Y Xiong-wen Lv Cheng-mu Hu and Li-ping Liu (2009) Preventive
effects of total flavonoids of Litsea coreana leve on hepatic steatosis in rats
fed with high fat diet Journal of Ethnopharmacology 121 54ndash60
Wang K Zhang Y and Yang C (2005) Antioxidant phenolic compounds
from rhizomes of Polygonum paleaceum Journal of Ethnopharmacology
96 483ndash487
Wang LF and Zhang HY (2003) A theoretical investigation on DPPH
radical-scavenging mechanism of Edaravone Bioorg Med Chem Lett 13
3789ndash3792
Wang X and Quinn P (1999) Vitamin E and its function in membranes
Prog Lipid Res 38(4) 309-336
Wang Y Beydoun MA Liang L Caballero B and Kumanyika SK
(2008) Will all Americans become overweight or obese Estimating the
progression and cost of the US obesity epidemic Obesity (Silver Spring) 16
2323ndash2330
Wasan KM Najafi S Wong J and Kwong M (2001) Assessing plasma
lipid levels body weight and hepatic and renal toxicity following chronic oral
administration of a water soluble phytostanol compound FM-vp4 to gerbils
J Pharm Sci (wwwualberta ca-csps) 4 228-234
Watts GF and Gan SK (2008) Nutrition and metabolism non-alcoholic
fatty liver diseasemdashpathogenesis cardiovascular risk and therapy Curr Opin
Lipidol 19 92ndash4
Wei BQ Weaver LH Ferrari AM Matthews BW and Shoichet BK
(2004) Testing a flexible-receptor docking algorithm in a model binding
site J Mol Biol 337 (5) 1161ndash82 doi101016jjmb200402015
PMID 15046985
Weltman MD Farell GC and Hall P (1998) Hepatic cytochrome P450
2E1 is increased in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Hepatology
27 128-133
Weltman MD Farrell GC and Liddle C (1996) Increased hepatocyte
CYP2E1 expression in a rat nutritional model of hepatic steatosis with
inflammation Gastroenterology 111 1645-1653
Westerbacka J Lammi K and Hakkinen AM (2005) Dietary fat content
modifies liver fat in overweight non-diabetic subjects J Clin Endocrinol
Metab 90 2804ndash9
Wickens AP (2001) Aging and the free radical theory Respiration
Physiology 128 379ndash391
Williamson G Rhodes MJC and Parr AJ (1999) Disease prevention
and plant dietary substances In Brown DE Walton NJ (Eds) Chemicals
from plants Perspectives on plant secondary products London Imperial
College Press 251-276
Willianson EM Okpako DT and Evans EJ (1996) Selection
Preparation and Pharmacological evaluation of plant material England John
Wiley PI
Wink M (1999) Functions of plant secondary metabolites and their
xploitation in Biotechnology CRC Press 3-9
Wiseman H and Halliwell B (1996) Damage to DNA by reactive oxygen
and nitrogen species role in inflammatory disease and progression to cancer
Biochem J 313 (Pt 1) 17-29
Wiwianitkit V (2001) High serum alkaline phosphatise level a study in
181 Thai adult hospitalized patients BMC family practice 2 2
Wolf PL (1999) Biochemical diagnosis of liver disease Indian J Clin
Biochem 14 59
Wong CC Li HB Cheng KW and Chen FA (2006) Systematic
survey of antioxidant activity of 30 Chinese medicinal plants using the ferric
reducing antioxidant power assay Food Chem 97 705-711
World Health Health Organisation (2004) WHO guidelines on good
agricultural and collection practices (GACP) for medicinal plants Geneva
World Health Health Organisation 1-133
World Health Organisation (2006) Obesity and overweight Fact sheet 311
Available from httpwwwwhointmediacentrefactsheetsfs311
enprinthtml
Wouters K van Gorp PJ Bieghs V Gijbels MJ Duimel H
Luumltjohann D Kerksiek A van Kruchten R Maeda N Staels B van
Bilsen M Shiri-Sverdlov R and Hofker MH (2008) Dietary cholesterol
rather than liver steatosis leads to hepatic inflammation in hyperlipidemic
mouse models of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Hepatology 48 474ndash486
Wymann MP and Schneiter R (2008) Lipid signalling in disease Nat
Rev Mol Cell Biol 9 162ndash176
Yamaguchi F Saito M Ariga T Yoshimura Y and Nakazawa H
(2000) Free radical scavenging activity of garcinol from Garcinia indica
fruit rind J Agri Food Chem 48 2320ndash2325
Yamaguchi K Yang L McCall S Huang J Yu XX Pandey SK
Bhanot S Monia BP Li YX and Diehl AM (2007) Inhibiting
triglyceride synthesis improves hepatic steatosis but exacerbates liver
damage and fibrosis in obese mice with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Hepatology 45 1366ndash1374
Yang H Roberts LJ Jian Shi M Chun Zhou Li Ballard BR
Richardson A and Zhong Mao Guo Z (2004) Retardation of
atherosclerosis by overexpression of catalase or both CuZn-superoxide
dismutase and catalase in mice lacking apolipoprotein E Circ Res 95
1075ndash1081
Yang JS Lee SJ Park HW and Cha YS (2006) Effect of genistein
with carnitine administration on lipid parameters and obesity in C57Bl6J
mice fed a high-fat diet Journal of Medicinal Food 9 459ndash467
Yang RL Li W Shi YH and Le GW (2008) Lipoic acid prevents
high-fat dietndashinduced dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress A microarray
analysis Nutrition 24 582ndash588
Yang S Zhu H Li Y Lin H Gabrielson K Trush MA and Diehl
AM (2000) Mitochondrial adaptations to obesity-related oxidant stress
Arch Biochem Biophys 378 259-268
Yannerelli GG Gallego SM and Tamaro ML (2006) Effect of UV-B
radiation on the activity and isoforms of enzymes with peroxidise activity in
sunflower cotyledons Environ Exp Bot 56 174-181
Yao D Shi W Gou Y Zhou X Yee Aw T Zhou Y and Liu Z
(2005) Fatty acid-mediated intracellular iron translocation a synergistic
mechanism of oxidative injury Free Radic Biol Med 39(10) 1385ndash1398
Yao ZM and Vance DE (1990) Reduction in VLDL but not HDL in
plasma of rats deficient in choline Biochem Cell Biol 68 552-558
Yen GC and Chen HY (1995) Antioxidant activity of various tea
extracts in relation to their antimutagenicity J Agr Food Chem 43 27-32
You M Considine RV Leone TC Kelly DP and Crabb DW (2005)
Role of adiponectin in the protective action of dietary saturated fat against
alcoholic fatty liver in mice Hepatology 42 568ndash577
Younes M (1981) Inhibitory action of some flavonoids on enhanced
spontaneous lipid peroxidation following glutathione depletion Plant Med
43 240-245
Yu L Haley S Perret J Harris M Wilson J and Qian M (2002) Free
radical scavenging properties of wheat extracts J Agri Food Chem 50
1619ndash1624
Yun SN Moon SJ Ko SK Im BO and Chung SH (2004) Wild
ginseng prevents the onset of high-fat diet induced hyperglycemia and
obesity in ICR mice Arch Pham Res 27 790ndash6
Zak B (1954) Cholesterol Methodologies A review Clin Chem 23 1201
Zhai S Dai R Friedman FK and Vestal RE (1998) Drug Metab
Dispos 26 989
Zhang HM Chen SW Zhang LS and Feng XF (2008) The effects of
soy isoflavone on insulin sensitivity and adipocytokines in insulin resistant
rats administered with high-fat diet Nat Prod Res 22 1637ndash1649
Zhang Z Apse K Pang J and Stanton RC (2000) High glucose inhibits
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase via cAMP in aortic endothelial cells J
Biol Chem 275 40042-40047
Zhao B (2009) Natural antioxidants protect neurons in Alzheimerlsquos disease
and Parkinsonlsquos disease Neurochem Res 34 630ndash8
Zheng S Hoos L Cook J Tetzloff G Harry DJ and Van Heek M
(2008) Ezetimibe improves high fat and cholesterol diet-induced non-
alcoholic fatty liver disease Vascular Health and Risk Management 4 235ndash
241
Zhu X Zhang W Pang X Wang J Zhao J and Qu W (2011)
Hypolipidaemic effect of n-butanol extract from Asparagus officinalis L in
mice fed a high-fat diet Phytotherapy Research 31 doi101002ptr3380
Zimmerman H J and Seeff L B (1970) Enzymes in hepatic disease In E
L Goodly (Ed) Diagnostic Enzymology (pp 1ndash38) Philadelphia USA
Lea amp Febiger
Zimmet P Shaw J and Alberti KG (2003) Preventing Type 2 Diabetes
and the Dysmetabolic Syndrome in the Real World a Realistic View Diabet
Med 20 693-702
Stadlbauer V Fickert P Lackner C Schmerlaib J Krisper P Trauner
M and Stauber RE (2005) Hepatotoxicity of NONI juice Report of two
cases World J Gastroenterol 11 4758ndash4760
Stadtman ER and Levine RL (2003) Free radical-mediated oxidation of
free amino acids and amino acid residues in proteins Amino Acids 25 207-
218
Stanner SA Hughes J Kelly CN and Buttriss JA (2004) Review of
the epidemiological evidence for the antioxidant hypotheses Public Health
Nutrition 7 407-422
Steiner RP (1986) Folk Medicine ndash The Art and the Science American
Chemical Society Washington DC 223
Stickel F and Schuppan D (2007) Herbal medicine in the treatment of
liver diseases Digestive and liver Disease 39 (4) 293-304
Stief TW (2003) The physiology and pharmacology of singlet oxygen
Med Hypotheses 60 567-572
Stiehl A Walker S Stiehl L Rudolph G Hofmann WJ and
Theilmann L (1994) Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on liver and bile duct
disease in primary sclerosing cholangitis A 3-year pilot study with a
placebo-controlled study period J Hepatol 20 57ndash64
Sudhahar V Kumar SA and Varalakshmi P (2006) Role of lupeol and
lupeol linoleate on lipemicndashoxidative stress in experimental
hypercholesterolemia Life Science 78 1329ndash1335
Sun Q Ma J Campos H Hankinson SE Manson JE and Stampfer
MJ (2007) A prospective study of trans fatty acids in erythrocytes and risk
of coronary heart disease Circulation 115 1858ndash1865
Sun WY Wei W Wu L Gui SY and Wang H (2007) Effects and
mechanisms of extract from Paeonia lactiflora and Astragalus
membranaceus on liver fibrosis induced by CCl4 in rats J
Ethanopharmacol 112 514-524
Suntress ZA and Sheck PN (1995) Prevention of lung injury by
tocopherol lipsome J Drug target 3 201
Suresh PS Kumar A Kumar R and Singh VP (2008) An in silico
[correction of insilico] approach to bioremediation laccase as a case study
J Mol Graph Model 26 (5) 845ndash9 doi101016jjmgm200705005
PMID 17606396
Swanr JC and Connor WE (1975) Hypercholesterolemia of total
starvation its mechanism via tissue mobilization of cholesterol
AmJPhysiol 229 365-369
Szczeklik A Gryglewski RJ Domagala B Dworski R and Basista M
(1985) Dietary supplementation with Vitamin E in hyperlipoproteinemias
effects on plasma lipid peroxides antioxidant activity prostacyclin
generation and platelet aggregability Thrombosis and Haemostasis 54 425ndash
430
Szeto YT Tomlinson B and Benzie IF (2002) Total antioxidant and
ascorbic acid content of fresh fruits and vegetables Implications for dietary
planning and Food preservation British J Nutr 87 55-59
Taher A Ismaeel H and Cappellini MD (2006) Thalassemia intermedia
revisited Blood Cells Mol Dis 37 12-20
Tapondjou AL Miyamoto T Mirjolet JF Guilbaud N and Lacaille-
Dubois MA (2005) Pursaethosides AndashE triterpene saponins from Entada
pursaetha Journal of Natural Products 68 1185ndash1190
Targher G Bertolini L Padovani R Poli F Scala L Zenari L
Zoppini G and Falezza G (2006) Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is
associated with carotid artery wall thickness in diet-controlled type 2 diabetic
patients J Endocrinol Invest 29 55ndash60
Taylor and Francis (2000) Toxicology of the Human Environment - the
critical role of free radicals London
Teli MR James OF Burt AD Bennett MK and Day CP (1995)
The natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver a follow-up study
Hepatology 22 1714ndash1719
Tetri LH Basaranoglu M Brunt EM Yerian LM and Neuschwander-
Tetri BA (2008) Severe NAFLD with hepatic necroinflammatory changes
in mice fed trans fats and a high-fructose corn syrup equivalent Am J
Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 295 G987ndashG995
Thippeswamy NB and Naidu AK (2005) Antioxidant potency of cumin
varieties cumin black cumin and bitter cumin on antioxidant systems Eur
Food Res Technol 220 472ndash476
Tietge UJ Boker KH Bahr MJ Weinberg S Pichlmayr R Schmidt
HH and Manns MP (1998) Lipid parameters predicting liver function in
patients with cirrhosis and after liver transplantation Hepato-
gastroenterology 45(24) 2255-2260
Tietz NW (1970) Fund of Clin Chem P 447
Tilak Khanal Jae Ho Choi Yong Pil Hwang Young Chul Chung Hye
Gwang Jeong (2009) Protective effects of saponins from the root of
Platycodon grandiflorum against fatty liver in chronic ethanol feeding via the
activation of AMP-dependent protein kinase Food and Chemical
Toxicology 47 2749ndash2754
Ting LP (1982) Plant physiology Addison Wesley Services in Life
Sciences New York USA
Tiwari O P and Tripathi Y B (2007) Antioxidant properties of different
fractions of Vitex negundo Linn Food Chemistry 100 1170ndash1176
Toledo FGS Sniderman AD and Kelley DE (2006) Influence of
hepatic steatosis (fatty liver) on severity and composition of dyslipidemia in
type 2 diabetes Diabetes Care 29 1845ndash50
Tomomichi Chonan Hiroaki Tanaka Daisuke Yamamoto Miyoko Yashiro
Takahiro Oi Daisuke Wakasugi Ayumi Ohoka-Sugita Fusayo Io Hiroko
Koretsune Akira Hiratate (2010) Design and synthesis of disubstituted (4-
piperidinyl)-piperazine derivatives as potent acetyl-CoA carboxylase
inhibitors Bioorganic amp Medicinal Chemistry Letters 20 3965ndash3968
Townsend KL Lorenzi MM and Widmaier EP (2008) High-fat diet-
induced changes in body mass and hypothalamic gene expression in wild-
type and leptindeficient mice Endocrine 33 176ndash188
Trenam CW Blake DR and Morris CJ (1992) Skin inflammation
reactive Oxygen Species and the role of iron Journal of Investigation
Dermatology 99 675-682
Trinder P (1969) Ann Clin Biochem 6 24
Trivedi CP Shinde S and Sharma RC (1969) Preliminary
phytochemical and pharmacological studies on Ficus racemosa extract
(Gular) Indian J Med Res 57 (6) 1070ndash1074
Tuck KL and Hayball PJ (2002) Major phenolic compounds in olive oil
metabolism and health effects Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 13 636ndash
644
Tundis R Bonesi M Deguin B Loizzo MR Menichini F Conforti F
and Menichini F (2009) Cytotoxic activity and inhibitory effect on nitric
oxide production of triterpene saponins from the roots of Physospermum
verticillatum (Waldst and Kit) (Apiaceae) Bioorganic and Medicinal
Chemistry 17 4542ndash4547
Uchida K (2003) 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal a product and mediator of
oxidative stress Prog Lipid Res 42 318-343
Upadhyay RK Pandey MB Jha RN and Pandey VB (2001)
Eclalbatin triterpine saponins from Eclipta alba J Asian Nat Prod Res 3
213-217
Upasani CD and Balaraman R (2001) Effect of vitamin e vitamin C and
spirulina on the levels of membrane bound enzymes and lipids in some
organs of rats exposed to lead Indian J Pharm 33 185-191
Urmila Thatte (2004) Challenges in clinical research on Herbs Indian
JNat Prod 19 (1) 35-36
Urquiaga I and Leighton F (2000) Plant polyphenol antioxidants and
oxidative stress Biol Res Biol 33(2) 55ndash64
Ur-Rahman A Sohail M Ahmed S Iqbal Choudhary M and Ur-
Rahman H (1985) Heterocycles 23 953ndash955
Valko M Leibfritz D Moncol J Cronin MT Mazur M and Telser J
(2007) Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and
human disease International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology 39
44ndash84
Valko M Rhodes CJ Moncol J Izakovic M and Mazur M (2006)
Free radicals metals and antioxidants in oxidative stress-induced cancer
Chem-Biol Interact 10 1ndash40
Van den Berg R Haenen GRMM Van den Berg H and Bast A
(1999) Applicability of an improved Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity
(TEAC) assay for evaluation of antioxidant capacity measurements of
mixtures Food Chem 66 511-517
Varela-Rey M Embade N Ariz U Lu SC Mato JM and Martinez-
Chantar ML (2009) Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and animal models
Understanding the human disease The International Journal of Biochemistry
and Cell Biology 41 969ndash976
Venkat Ratnam D Ankolaa D Bhardwaja V Sahanaa DK and Ravi
Kumar MNV (2007) Role of antioxidants in prophylaxis and therapy a
pharmaceutical perspective Journal of Controlled Release 113(3) 189-207
Venukumar MR and Latha MS (2004) Effect of Coscinium fenestratum
on hepatotoxicity in rats Indian J of Exp Bio 42 792-97
Verma A Vijayakumar M Chandana V Rao Chandra S and Mathela
(2010) In vitro and In vivo antioxidant properties and DNA damage
protective activity of green fruit of Ficus glomerata Food and Chemical
Toxicology 48 704ndash709
Verma S and Singh SP (2008) Current and future status of herbal
medicines Vet World 1 347ndash50
Vetelainen R van Vliet A and vcan Gulik TM (2007) Essential
pathogenic and metabolic differences in steatosis induced by choline or
methionine-choline deficient diets in a rat model J Gastroenterol Hepatol
221526-1533
Vichnvetskaia KD and Roy DN (2001) Oxidative stress and
antioxidative defence with an emphasis on plants antioxidants Environ Rev
7 31-35
Videla LA Rodrigo R Orellana M Fernandez V Tapia G Quintildeones
L Varela N Contreras J Lazarte R Csendes A Rojas J Maluenda
F Burdiles P Diaz JC Smok G Thielemann L and Poniachik J
(2004) Oxidative stress-related parameters in the liver of non-alcoholic fatty
liver disease patients Clin Sci (Lond) 106 261-268
Villanova N Moscatiello S and Ramillis S (2005) Endothelial
dysfunction and cardiovascular risk profile in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Am J Gastroenterol 99 1497ndash1502
Vinson JA Zubik L Bose P Samman N Proch J (2005) Dried fruits
excellent invitro and in vivo antioxidants Journal of the American College of
Nutrition 24 44ndash50
Viuda-Martos M Navajas Y R Zapata E S Fernandez-Lopez J and
Perez-Alvarez J A (2010) Antioxidant activity of essential oils of five
spice plants widely used in a Mediterranean diet Flavour and Fragrance
Journal 25 13minus19
Vural H Aksoy N and Ozbilge H (2004) Alterations of oxidative
antioxidative status in human cutaneous lishmaniasis Cell Biochem Funct
22 153-156
Wakil SJ Stoops JK and Joshi VC (1983) Fatty acid synthesis and its
regulation Ann Rev Biochem 52 537ndash579
Wang J Li J Zou Y Chenga W Lu C Zhang L Gea J Huanga C
Jin Y Xiong-wen Lv Cheng-mu Hu and Li-ping Liu (2009) Preventive
effects of total flavonoids of Litsea coreana leve on hepatic steatosis in rats
fed with high fat diet Journal of Ethnopharmacology 121 54ndash60
Wang K Zhang Y and Yang C (2005) Antioxidant phenolic compounds
from rhizomes of Polygonum paleaceum Journal of Ethnopharmacology
96 483ndash487
Wang LF and Zhang HY (2003) A theoretical investigation on DPPH
radical-scavenging mechanism of Edaravone Bioorg Med Chem Lett 13
3789ndash3792
Wang X and Quinn P (1999) Vitamin E and its function in membranes
Prog Lipid Res 38(4) 309-336
Wang Y Beydoun MA Liang L Caballero B and Kumanyika SK
(2008) Will all Americans become overweight or obese Estimating the
progression and cost of the US obesity epidemic Obesity (Silver Spring) 16
2323ndash2330
Wasan KM Najafi S Wong J and Kwong M (2001) Assessing plasma
lipid levels body weight and hepatic and renal toxicity following chronic oral
administration of a water soluble phytostanol compound FM-vp4 to gerbils
J Pharm Sci (wwwualberta ca-csps) 4 228-234
Watts GF and Gan SK (2008) Nutrition and metabolism non-alcoholic
fatty liver diseasemdashpathogenesis cardiovascular risk and therapy Curr Opin
Lipidol 19 92ndash4
Wei BQ Weaver LH Ferrari AM Matthews BW and Shoichet BK
(2004) Testing a flexible-receptor docking algorithm in a model binding
site J Mol Biol 337 (5) 1161ndash82 doi101016jjmb200402015
PMID 15046985
Weltman MD Farell GC and Hall P (1998) Hepatic cytochrome P450
2E1 is increased in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Hepatology
27 128-133
Weltman MD Farrell GC and Liddle C (1996) Increased hepatocyte
CYP2E1 expression in a rat nutritional model of hepatic steatosis with
inflammation Gastroenterology 111 1645-1653
Westerbacka J Lammi K and Hakkinen AM (2005) Dietary fat content
modifies liver fat in overweight non-diabetic subjects J Clin Endocrinol
Metab 90 2804ndash9
Wickens AP (2001) Aging and the free radical theory Respiration
Physiology 128 379ndash391
Williamson G Rhodes MJC and Parr AJ (1999) Disease prevention
and plant dietary substances In Brown DE Walton NJ (Eds) Chemicals
from plants Perspectives on plant secondary products London Imperial
College Press 251-276
Willianson EM Okpako DT and Evans EJ (1996) Selection
Preparation and Pharmacological evaluation of plant material England John
Wiley PI
Wink M (1999) Functions of plant secondary metabolites and their
xploitation in Biotechnology CRC Press 3-9
Wiseman H and Halliwell B (1996) Damage to DNA by reactive oxygen
and nitrogen species role in inflammatory disease and progression to cancer
Biochem J 313 (Pt 1) 17-29
Wiwianitkit V (2001) High serum alkaline phosphatise level a study in
181 Thai adult hospitalized patients BMC family practice 2 2
Wolf PL (1999) Biochemical diagnosis of liver disease Indian J Clin
Biochem 14 59
Wong CC Li HB Cheng KW and Chen FA (2006) Systematic
survey of antioxidant activity of 30 Chinese medicinal plants using the ferric
reducing antioxidant power assay Food Chem 97 705-711
World Health Health Organisation (2004) WHO guidelines on good
agricultural and collection practices (GACP) for medicinal plants Geneva
World Health Health Organisation 1-133
World Health Organisation (2006) Obesity and overweight Fact sheet 311
Available from httpwwwwhointmediacentrefactsheetsfs311
enprinthtml
Wouters K van Gorp PJ Bieghs V Gijbels MJ Duimel H
Luumltjohann D Kerksiek A van Kruchten R Maeda N Staels B van
Bilsen M Shiri-Sverdlov R and Hofker MH (2008) Dietary cholesterol
rather than liver steatosis leads to hepatic inflammation in hyperlipidemic
mouse models of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Hepatology 48 474ndash486
Wymann MP and Schneiter R (2008) Lipid signalling in disease Nat
Rev Mol Cell Biol 9 162ndash176
Yamaguchi F Saito M Ariga T Yoshimura Y and Nakazawa H
(2000) Free radical scavenging activity of garcinol from Garcinia indica
fruit rind J Agri Food Chem 48 2320ndash2325
Yamaguchi K Yang L McCall S Huang J Yu XX Pandey SK
Bhanot S Monia BP Li YX and Diehl AM (2007) Inhibiting
triglyceride synthesis improves hepatic steatosis but exacerbates liver
damage and fibrosis in obese mice with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Hepatology 45 1366ndash1374
Yang H Roberts LJ Jian Shi M Chun Zhou Li Ballard BR
Richardson A and Zhong Mao Guo Z (2004) Retardation of
atherosclerosis by overexpression of catalase or both CuZn-superoxide
dismutase and catalase in mice lacking apolipoprotein E Circ Res 95
1075ndash1081
Yang JS Lee SJ Park HW and Cha YS (2006) Effect of genistein
with carnitine administration on lipid parameters and obesity in C57Bl6J
mice fed a high-fat diet Journal of Medicinal Food 9 459ndash467
Yang RL Li W Shi YH and Le GW (2008) Lipoic acid prevents
high-fat dietndashinduced dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress A microarray
analysis Nutrition 24 582ndash588
Yang S Zhu H Li Y Lin H Gabrielson K Trush MA and Diehl
AM (2000) Mitochondrial adaptations to obesity-related oxidant stress
Arch Biochem Biophys 378 259-268
Yannerelli GG Gallego SM and Tamaro ML (2006) Effect of UV-B
radiation on the activity and isoforms of enzymes with peroxidise activity in
sunflower cotyledons Environ Exp Bot 56 174-181
Yao D Shi W Gou Y Zhou X Yee Aw T Zhou Y and Liu Z
(2005) Fatty acid-mediated intracellular iron translocation a synergistic
mechanism of oxidative injury Free Radic Biol Med 39(10) 1385ndash1398
Yao ZM and Vance DE (1990) Reduction in VLDL but not HDL in
plasma of rats deficient in choline Biochem Cell Biol 68 552-558
Yen GC and Chen HY (1995) Antioxidant activity of various tea
extracts in relation to their antimutagenicity J Agr Food Chem 43 27-32
You M Considine RV Leone TC Kelly DP and Crabb DW (2005)
Role of adiponectin in the protective action of dietary saturated fat against
alcoholic fatty liver in mice Hepatology 42 568ndash577
Younes M (1981) Inhibitory action of some flavonoids on enhanced
spontaneous lipid peroxidation following glutathione depletion Plant Med
43 240-245
Yu L Haley S Perret J Harris M Wilson J and Qian M (2002) Free
radical scavenging properties of wheat extracts J Agri Food Chem 50
1619ndash1624
Yun SN Moon SJ Ko SK Im BO and Chung SH (2004) Wild
ginseng prevents the onset of high-fat diet induced hyperglycemia and
obesity in ICR mice Arch Pham Res 27 790ndash6
Zak B (1954) Cholesterol Methodologies A review Clin Chem 23 1201
Zhai S Dai R Friedman FK and Vestal RE (1998) Drug Metab
Dispos 26 989
Zhang HM Chen SW Zhang LS and Feng XF (2008) The effects of
soy isoflavone on insulin sensitivity and adipocytokines in insulin resistant
rats administered with high-fat diet Nat Prod Res 22 1637ndash1649
Zhang Z Apse K Pang J and Stanton RC (2000) High glucose inhibits
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase via cAMP in aortic endothelial cells J
Biol Chem 275 40042-40047
Zhao B (2009) Natural antioxidants protect neurons in Alzheimerlsquos disease
and Parkinsonlsquos disease Neurochem Res 34 630ndash8
Zheng S Hoos L Cook J Tetzloff G Harry DJ and Van Heek M
(2008) Ezetimibe improves high fat and cholesterol diet-induced non-
alcoholic fatty liver disease Vascular Health and Risk Management 4 235ndash
241
Zhu X Zhang W Pang X Wang J Zhao J and Qu W (2011)
Hypolipidaemic effect of n-butanol extract from Asparagus officinalis L in
mice fed a high-fat diet Phytotherapy Research 31 doi101002ptr3380
Zimmerman H J and Seeff L B (1970) Enzymes in hepatic disease In E
L Goodly (Ed) Diagnostic Enzymology (pp 1ndash38) Philadelphia USA
Lea amp Febiger
Zimmet P Shaw J and Alberti KG (2003) Preventing Type 2 Diabetes
and the Dysmetabolic Syndrome in the Real World a Realistic View Diabet
Med 20 693-702
Swanr JC and Connor WE (1975) Hypercholesterolemia of total
starvation its mechanism via tissue mobilization of cholesterol
AmJPhysiol 229 365-369
Szczeklik A Gryglewski RJ Domagala B Dworski R and Basista M
(1985) Dietary supplementation with Vitamin E in hyperlipoproteinemias
effects on plasma lipid peroxides antioxidant activity prostacyclin
generation and platelet aggregability Thrombosis and Haemostasis 54 425ndash
430
Szeto YT Tomlinson B and Benzie IF (2002) Total antioxidant and
ascorbic acid content of fresh fruits and vegetables Implications for dietary
planning and Food preservation British J Nutr 87 55-59
Taher A Ismaeel H and Cappellini MD (2006) Thalassemia intermedia
revisited Blood Cells Mol Dis 37 12-20
Tapondjou AL Miyamoto T Mirjolet JF Guilbaud N and Lacaille-
Dubois MA (2005) Pursaethosides AndashE triterpene saponins from Entada
pursaetha Journal of Natural Products 68 1185ndash1190
Targher G Bertolini L Padovani R Poli F Scala L Zenari L
Zoppini G and Falezza G (2006) Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is
associated with carotid artery wall thickness in diet-controlled type 2 diabetic
patients J Endocrinol Invest 29 55ndash60
Taylor and Francis (2000) Toxicology of the Human Environment - the
critical role of free radicals London
Teli MR James OF Burt AD Bennett MK and Day CP (1995)
The natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver a follow-up study
Hepatology 22 1714ndash1719
Tetri LH Basaranoglu M Brunt EM Yerian LM and Neuschwander-
Tetri BA (2008) Severe NAFLD with hepatic necroinflammatory changes
in mice fed trans fats and a high-fructose corn syrup equivalent Am J
Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 295 G987ndashG995
Thippeswamy NB and Naidu AK (2005) Antioxidant potency of cumin
varieties cumin black cumin and bitter cumin on antioxidant systems Eur
Food Res Technol 220 472ndash476
Tietge UJ Boker KH Bahr MJ Weinberg S Pichlmayr R Schmidt
HH and Manns MP (1998) Lipid parameters predicting liver function in
patients with cirrhosis and after liver transplantation Hepato-
gastroenterology 45(24) 2255-2260
Tietz NW (1970) Fund of Clin Chem P 447
Tilak Khanal Jae Ho Choi Yong Pil Hwang Young Chul Chung Hye
Gwang Jeong (2009) Protective effects of saponins from the root of
Platycodon grandiflorum against fatty liver in chronic ethanol feeding via the
activation of AMP-dependent protein kinase Food and Chemical
Toxicology 47 2749ndash2754
Ting LP (1982) Plant physiology Addison Wesley Services in Life
Sciences New York USA
Tiwari O P and Tripathi Y B (2007) Antioxidant properties of different
fractions of Vitex negundo Linn Food Chemistry 100 1170ndash1176
Toledo FGS Sniderman AD and Kelley DE (2006) Influence of
hepatic steatosis (fatty liver) on severity and composition of dyslipidemia in
type 2 diabetes Diabetes Care 29 1845ndash50
Tomomichi Chonan Hiroaki Tanaka Daisuke Yamamoto Miyoko Yashiro
Takahiro Oi Daisuke Wakasugi Ayumi Ohoka-Sugita Fusayo Io Hiroko
Koretsune Akira Hiratate (2010) Design and synthesis of disubstituted (4-
piperidinyl)-piperazine derivatives as potent acetyl-CoA carboxylase
inhibitors Bioorganic amp Medicinal Chemistry Letters 20 3965ndash3968
Townsend KL Lorenzi MM and Widmaier EP (2008) High-fat diet-
induced changes in body mass and hypothalamic gene expression in wild-
type and leptindeficient mice Endocrine 33 176ndash188
Trenam CW Blake DR and Morris CJ (1992) Skin inflammation
reactive Oxygen Species and the role of iron Journal of Investigation
Dermatology 99 675-682
Trinder P (1969) Ann Clin Biochem 6 24
Trivedi CP Shinde S and Sharma RC (1969) Preliminary
phytochemical and pharmacological studies on Ficus racemosa extract
(Gular) Indian J Med Res 57 (6) 1070ndash1074
Tuck KL and Hayball PJ (2002) Major phenolic compounds in olive oil
metabolism and health effects Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 13 636ndash
644
Tundis R Bonesi M Deguin B Loizzo MR Menichini F Conforti F
and Menichini F (2009) Cytotoxic activity and inhibitory effect on nitric
oxide production of triterpene saponins from the roots of Physospermum
verticillatum (Waldst and Kit) (Apiaceae) Bioorganic and Medicinal
Chemistry 17 4542ndash4547
Uchida K (2003) 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal a product and mediator of
oxidative stress Prog Lipid Res 42 318-343
Upadhyay RK Pandey MB Jha RN and Pandey VB (2001)
Eclalbatin triterpine saponins from Eclipta alba J Asian Nat Prod Res 3
213-217
Upasani CD and Balaraman R (2001) Effect of vitamin e vitamin C and
spirulina on the levels of membrane bound enzymes and lipids in some
organs of rats exposed to lead Indian J Pharm 33 185-191
Urmila Thatte (2004) Challenges in clinical research on Herbs Indian
JNat Prod 19 (1) 35-36
Urquiaga I and Leighton F (2000) Plant polyphenol antioxidants and
oxidative stress Biol Res Biol 33(2) 55ndash64
Ur-Rahman A Sohail M Ahmed S Iqbal Choudhary M and Ur-
Rahman H (1985) Heterocycles 23 953ndash955
Valko M Leibfritz D Moncol J Cronin MT Mazur M and Telser J
(2007) Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and
human disease International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology 39
44ndash84
Valko M Rhodes CJ Moncol J Izakovic M and Mazur M (2006)
Free radicals metals and antioxidants in oxidative stress-induced cancer
Chem-Biol Interact 10 1ndash40
Van den Berg R Haenen GRMM Van den Berg H and Bast A
(1999) Applicability of an improved Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity
(TEAC) assay for evaluation of antioxidant capacity measurements of
mixtures Food Chem 66 511-517
Varela-Rey M Embade N Ariz U Lu SC Mato JM and Martinez-
Chantar ML (2009) Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and animal models
Understanding the human disease The International Journal of Biochemistry
and Cell Biology 41 969ndash976
Venkat Ratnam D Ankolaa D Bhardwaja V Sahanaa DK and Ravi
Kumar MNV (2007) Role of antioxidants in prophylaxis and therapy a
pharmaceutical perspective Journal of Controlled Release 113(3) 189-207
Venukumar MR and Latha MS (2004) Effect of Coscinium fenestratum
on hepatotoxicity in rats Indian J of Exp Bio 42 792-97
Verma A Vijayakumar M Chandana V Rao Chandra S and Mathela
(2010) In vitro and In vivo antioxidant properties and DNA damage
protective activity of green fruit of Ficus glomerata Food and Chemical
Toxicology 48 704ndash709
Verma S and Singh SP (2008) Current and future status of herbal
medicines Vet World 1 347ndash50
Vetelainen R van Vliet A and vcan Gulik TM (2007) Essential
pathogenic and metabolic differences in steatosis induced by choline or
methionine-choline deficient diets in a rat model J Gastroenterol Hepatol
221526-1533
Vichnvetskaia KD and Roy DN (2001) Oxidative stress and
antioxidative defence with an emphasis on plants antioxidants Environ Rev
7 31-35
Videla LA Rodrigo R Orellana M Fernandez V Tapia G Quintildeones
L Varela N Contreras J Lazarte R Csendes A Rojas J Maluenda
F Burdiles P Diaz JC Smok G Thielemann L and Poniachik J
(2004) Oxidative stress-related parameters in the liver of non-alcoholic fatty
liver disease patients Clin Sci (Lond) 106 261-268
Villanova N Moscatiello S and Ramillis S (2005) Endothelial
dysfunction and cardiovascular risk profile in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Am J Gastroenterol 99 1497ndash1502
Vinson JA Zubik L Bose P Samman N Proch J (2005) Dried fruits
excellent invitro and in vivo antioxidants Journal of the American College of
Nutrition 24 44ndash50
Viuda-Martos M Navajas Y R Zapata E S Fernandez-Lopez J and
Perez-Alvarez J A (2010) Antioxidant activity of essential oils of five
spice plants widely used in a Mediterranean diet Flavour and Fragrance
Journal 25 13minus19
Vural H Aksoy N and Ozbilge H (2004) Alterations of oxidative
antioxidative status in human cutaneous lishmaniasis Cell Biochem Funct
22 153-156
Wakil SJ Stoops JK and Joshi VC (1983) Fatty acid synthesis and its
regulation Ann Rev Biochem 52 537ndash579
Wang J Li J Zou Y Chenga W Lu C Zhang L Gea J Huanga C
Jin Y Xiong-wen Lv Cheng-mu Hu and Li-ping Liu (2009) Preventive
effects of total flavonoids of Litsea coreana leve on hepatic steatosis in rats
fed with high fat diet Journal of Ethnopharmacology 121 54ndash60
Wang K Zhang Y and Yang C (2005) Antioxidant phenolic compounds
from rhizomes of Polygonum paleaceum Journal of Ethnopharmacology
96 483ndash487
Wang LF and Zhang HY (2003) A theoretical investigation on DPPH
radical-scavenging mechanism of Edaravone Bioorg Med Chem Lett 13
3789ndash3792
Wang X and Quinn P (1999) Vitamin E and its function in membranes
Prog Lipid Res 38(4) 309-336
Wang Y Beydoun MA Liang L Caballero B and Kumanyika SK
(2008) Will all Americans become overweight or obese Estimating the
progression and cost of the US obesity epidemic Obesity (Silver Spring) 16
2323ndash2330
Wasan KM Najafi S Wong J and Kwong M (2001) Assessing plasma
lipid levels body weight and hepatic and renal toxicity following chronic oral
administration of a water soluble phytostanol compound FM-vp4 to gerbils
J Pharm Sci (wwwualberta ca-csps) 4 228-234
Watts GF and Gan SK (2008) Nutrition and metabolism non-alcoholic
fatty liver diseasemdashpathogenesis cardiovascular risk and therapy Curr Opin
Lipidol 19 92ndash4
Wei BQ Weaver LH Ferrari AM Matthews BW and Shoichet BK
(2004) Testing a flexible-receptor docking algorithm in a model binding
site J Mol Biol 337 (5) 1161ndash82 doi101016jjmb200402015
PMID 15046985
Weltman MD Farell GC and Hall P (1998) Hepatic cytochrome P450
2E1 is increased in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Hepatology
27 128-133
Weltman MD Farrell GC and Liddle C (1996) Increased hepatocyte
CYP2E1 expression in a rat nutritional model of hepatic steatosis with
inflammation Gastroenterology 111 1645-1653
Westerbacka J Lammi K and Hakkinen AM (2005) Dietary fat content
modifies liver fat in overweight non-diabetic subjects J Clin Endocrinol
Metab 90 2804ndash9
Wickens AP (2001) Aging and the free radical theory Respiration
Physiology 128 379ndash391
Williamson G Rhodes MJC and Parr AJ (1999) Disease prevention
and plant dietary substances In Brown DE Walton NJ (Eds) Chemicals
from plants Perspectives on plant secondary products London Imperial
College Press 251-276
Willianson EM Okpako DT and Evans EJ (1996) Selection
Preparation and Pharmacological evaluation of plant material England John
Wiley PI
Wink M (1999) Functions of plant secondary metabolites and their
xploitation in Biotechnology CRC Press 3-9
Wiseman H and Halliwell B (1996) Damage to DNA by reactive oxygen
and nitrogen species role in inflammatory disease and progression to cancer
Biochem J 313 (Pt 1) 17-29
Wiwianitkit V (2001) High serum alkaline phosphatise level a study in
181 Thai adult hospitalized patients BMC family practice 2 2
Wolf PL (1999) Biochemical diagnosis of liver disease Indian J Clin
Biochem 14 59
Wong CC Li HB Cheng KW and Chen FA (2006) Systematic
survey of antioxidant activity of 30 Chinese medicinal plants using the ferric
reducing antioxidant power assay Food Chem 97 705-711
World Health Health Organisation (2004) WHO guidelines on good
agricultural and collection practices (GACP) for medicinal plants Geneva
World Health Health Organisation 1-133
World Health Organisation (2006) Obesity and overweight Fact sheet 311
Available from httpwwwwhointmediacentrefactsheetsfs311
enprinthtml
Wouters K van Gorp PJ Bieghs V Gijbels MJ Duimel H
Luumltjohann D Kerksiek A van Kruchten R Maeda N Staels B van
Bilsen M Shiri-Sverdlov R and Hofker MH (2008) Dietary cholesterol
rather than liver steatosis leads to hepatic inflammation in hyperlipidemic
mouse models of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Hepatology 48 474ndash486
Wymann MP and Schneiter R (2008) Lipid signalling in disease Nat
Rev Mol Cell Biol 9 162ndash176
Yamaguchi F Saito M Ariga T Yoshimura Y and Nakazawa H
(2000) Free radical scavenging activity of garcinol from Garcinia indica
fruit rind J Agri Food Chem 48 2320ndash2325
Yamaguchi K Yang L McCall S Huang J Yu XX Pandey SK
Bhanot S Monia BP Li YX and Diehl AM (2007) Inhibiting
triglyceride synthesis improves hepatic steatosis but exacerbates liver
damage and fibrosis in obese mice with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Hepatology 45 1366ndash1374
Yang H Roberts LJ Jian Shi M Chun Zhou Li Ballard BR
Richardson A and Zhong Mao Guo Z (2004) Retardation of
atherosclerosis by overexpression of catalase or both CuZn-superoxide
dismutase and catalase in mice lacking apolipoprotein E Circ Res 95
1075ndash1081
Yang JS Lee SJ Park HW and Cha YS (2006) Effect of genistein
with carnitine administration on lipid parameters and obesity in C57Bl6J
mice fed a high-fat diet Journal of Medicinal Food 9 459ndash467
Yang RL Li W Shi YH and Le GW (2008) Lipoic acid prevents
high-fat dietndashinduced dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress A microarray
analysis Nutrition 24 582ndash588
Yang S Zhu H Li Y Lin H Gabrielson K Trush MA and Diehl
AM (2000) Mitochondrial adaptations to obesity-related oxidant stress
Arch Biochem Biophys 378 259-268
Yannerelli GG Gallego SM and Tamaro ML (2006) Effect of UV-B
radiation on the activity and isoforms of enzymes with peroxidise activity in
sunflower cotyledons Environ Exp Bot 56 174-181
Yao D Shi W Gou Y Zhou X Yee Aw T Zhou Y and Liu Z
(2005) Fatty acid-mediated intracellular iron translocation a synergistic
mechanism of oxidative injury Free Radic Biol Med 39(10) 1385ndash1398
Yao ZM and Vance DE (1990) Reduction in VLDL but not HDL in
plasma of rats deficient in choline Biochem Cell Biol 68 552-558
Yen GC and Chen HY (1995) Antioxidant activity of various tea
extracts in relation to their antimutagenicity J Agr Food Chem 43 27-32
You M Considine RV Leone TC Kelly DP and Crabb DW (2005)
Role of adiponectin in the protective action of dietary saturated fat against
alcoholic fatty liver in mice Hepatology 42 568ndash577
Younes M (1981) Inhibitory action of some flavonoids on enhanced
spontaneous lipid peroxidation following glutathione depletion Plant Med
43 240-245
Yu L Haley S Perret J Harris M Wilson J and Qian M (2002) Free
radical scavenging properties of wheat extracts J Agri Food Chem 50
1619ndash1624
Yun SN Moon SJ Ko SK Im BO and Chung SH (2004) Wild
ginseng prevents the onset of high-fat diet induced hyperglycemia and
obesity in ICR mice Arch Pham Res 27 790ndash6
Zak B (1954) Cholesterol Methodologies A review Clin Chem 23 1201
Zhai S Dai R Friedman FK and Vestal RE (1998) Drug Metab
Dispos 26 989
Zhang HM Chen SW Zhang LS and Feng XF (2008) The effects of
soy isoflavone on insulin sensitivity and adipocytokines in insulin resistant
rats administered with high-fat diet Nat Prod Res 22 1637ndash1649
Zhang Z Apse K Pang J and Stanton RC (2000) High glucose inhibits
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase via cAMP in aortic endothelial cells J
Biol Chem 275 40042-40047
Zhao B (2009) Natural antioxidants protect neurons in Alzheimerlsquos disease
and Parkinsonlsquos disease Neurochem Res 34 630ndash8
Zheng S Hoos L Cook J Tetzloff G Harry DJ and Van Heek M
(2008) Ezetimibe improves high fat and cholesterol diet-induced non-
alcoholic fatty liver disease Vascular Health and Risk Management 4 235ndash
241
Zhu X Zhang W Pang X Wang J Zhao J and Qu W (2011)
Hypolipidaemic effect of n-butanol extract from Asparagus officinalis L in
mice fed a high-fat diet Phytotherapy Research 31 doi101002ptr3380
Zimmerman H J and Seeff L B (1970) Enzymes in hepatic disease In E
L Goodly (Ed) Diagnostic Enzymology (pp 1ndash38) Philadelphia USA
Lea amp Febiger
Zimmet P Shaw J and Alberti KG (2003) Preventing Type 2 Diabetes
and the Dysmetabolic Syndrome in the Real World a Realistic View Diabet
Med 20 693-702
patients with cirrhosis and after liver transplantation Hepato-
gastroenterology 45(24) 2255-2260
Tietz NW (1970) Fund of Clin Chem P 447
Tilak Khanal Jae Ho Choi Yong Pil Hwang Young Chul Chung Hye
Gwang Jeong (2009) Protective effects of saponins from the root of
Platycodon grandiflorum against fatty liver in chronic ethanol feeding via the
activation of AMP-dependent protein kinase Food and Chemical
Toxicology 47 2749ndash2754
Ting LP (1982) Plant physiology Addison Wesley Services in Life
Sciences New York USA
Tiwari O P and Tripathi Y B (2007) Antioxidant properties of different
fractions of Vitex negundo Linn Food Chemistry 100 1170ndash1176
Toledo FGS Sniderman AD and Kelley DE (2006) Influence of
hepatic steatosis (fatty liver) on severity and composition of dyslipidemia in
type 2 diabetes Diabetes Care 29 1845ndash50
Tomomichi Chonan Hiroaki Tanaka Daisuke Yamamoto Miyoko Yashiro
Takahiro Oi Daisuke Wakasugi Ayumi Ohoka-Sugita Fusayo Io Hiroko
Koretsune Akira Hiratate (2010) Design and synthesis of disubstituted (4-
piperidinyl)-piperazine derivatives as potent acetyl-CoA carboxylase
inhibitors Bioorganic amp Medicinal Chemistry Letters 20 3965ndash3968
Townsend KL Lorenzi MM and Widmaier EP (2008) High-fat diet-
induced changes in body mass and hypothalamic gene expression in wild-
type and leptindeficient mice Endocrine 33 176ndash188
Trenam CW Blake DR and Morris CJ (1992) Skin inflammation
reactive Oxygen Species and the role of iron Journal of Investigation
Dermatology 99 675-682
Trinder P (1969) Ann Clin Biochem 6 24
Trivedi CP Shinde S and Sharma RC (1969) Preliminary
phytochemical and pharmacological studies on Ficus racemosa extract
(Gular) Indian J Med Res 57 (6) 1070ndash1074
Tuck KL and Hayball PJ (2002) Major phenolic compounds in olive oil
metabolism and health effects Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 13 636ndash
644
Tundis R Bonesi M Deguin B Loizzo MR Menichini F Conforti F
and Menichini F (2009) Cytotoxic activity and inhibitory effect on nitric
oxide production of triterpene saponins from the roots of Physospermum
verticillatum (Waldst and Kit) (Apiaceae) Bioorganic and Medicinal
Chemistry 17 4542ndash4547
Uchida K (2003) 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal a product and mediator of
oxidative stress Prog Lipid Res 42 318-343
Upadhyay RK Pandey MB Jha RN and Pandey VB (2001)
Eclalbatin triterpine saponins from Eclipta alba J Asian Nat Prod Res 3
213-217
Upasani CD and Balaraman R (2001) Effect of vitamin e vitamin C and
spirulina on the levels of membrane bound enzymes and lipids in some
organs of rats exposed to lead Indian J Pharm 33 185-191
Urmila Thatte (2004) Challenges in clinical research on Herbs Indian
JNat Prod 19 (1) 35-36
Urquiaga I and Leighton F (2000) Plant polyphenol antioxidants and
oxidative stress Biol Res Biol 33(2) 55ndash64
Ur-Rahman A Sohail M Ahmed S Iqbal Choudhary M and Ur-
Rahman H (1985) Heterocycles 23 953ndash955
Valko M Leibfritz D Moncol J Cronin MT Mazur M and Telser J
(2007) Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and
human disease International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology 39
44ndash84
Valko M Rhodes CJ Moncol J Izakovic M and Mazur M (2006)
Free radicals metals and antioxidants in oxidative stress-induced cancer
Chem-Biol Interact 10 1ndash40
Van den Berg R Haenen GRMM Van den Berg H and Bast A
(1999) Applicability of an improved Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity
(TEAC) assay for evaluation of antioxidant capacity measurements of
mixtures Food Chem 66 511-517
Varela-Rey M Embade N Ariz U Lu SC Mato JM and Martinez-
Chantar ML (2009) Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and animal models
Understanding the human disease The International Journal of Biochemistry
and Cell Biology 41 969ndash976
Venkat Ratnam D Ankolaa D Bhardwaja V Sahanaa DK and Ravi
Kumar MNV (2007) Role of antioxidants in prophylaxis and therapy a
pharmaceutical perspective Journal of Controlled Release 113(3) 189-207
Venukumar MR and Latha MS (2004) Effect of Coscinium fenestratum
on hepatotoxicity in rats Indian J of Exp Bio 42 792-97
Verma A Vijayakumar M Chandana V Rao Chandra S and Mathela
(2010) In vitro and In vivo antioxidant properties and DNA damage
protective activity of green fruit of Ficus glomerata Food and Chemical
Toxicology 48 704ndash709
Verma S and Singh SP (2008) Current and future status of herbal
medicines Vet World 1 347ndash50
Vetelainen R van Vliet A and vcan Gulik TM (2007) Essential
pathogenic and metabolic differences in steatosis induced by choline or
methionine-choline deficient diets in a rat model J Gastroenterol Hepatol
221526-1533
Vichnvetskaia KD and Roy DN (2001) Oxidative stress and
antioxidative defence with an emphasis on plants antioxidants Environ Rev
7 31-35
Videla LA Rodrigo R Orellana M Fernandez V Tapia G Quintildeones
L Varela N Contreras J Lazarte R Csendes A Rojas J Maluenda
F Burdiles P Diaz JC Smok G Thielemann L and Poniachik J
(2004) Oxidative stress-related parameters in the liver of non-alcoholic fatty
liver disease patients Clin Sci (Lond) 106 261-268
Villanova N Moscatiello S and Ramillis S (2005) Endothelial
dysfunction and cardiovascular risk profile in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Am J Gastroenterol 99 1497ndash1502
Vinson JA Zubik L Bose P Samman N Proch J (2005) Dried fruits
excellent invitro and in vivo antioxidants Journal of the American College of
Nutrition 24 44ndash50
Viuda-Martos M Navajas Y R Zapata E S Fernandez-Lopez J and
Perez-Alvarez J A (2010) Antioxidant activity of essential oils of five
spice plants widely used in a Mediterranean diet Flavour and Fragrance
Journal 25 13minus19
Vural H Aksoy N and Ozbilge H (2004) Alterations of oxidative
antioxidative status in human cutaneous lishmaniasis Cell Biochem Funct
22 153-156
Wakil SJ Stoops JK and Joshi VC (1983) Fatty acid synthesis and its
regulation Ann Rev Biochem 52 537ndash579
Wang J Li J Zou Y Chenga W Lu C Zhang L Gea J Huanga C
Jin Y Xiong-wen Lv Cheng-mu Hu and Li-ping Liu (2009) Preventive
effects of total flavonoids of Litsea coreana leve on hepatic steatosis in rats
fed with high fat diet Journal of Ethnopharmacology 121 54ndash60
Wang K Zhang Y and Yang C (2005) Antioxidant phenolic compounds
from rhizomes of Polygonum paleaceum Journal of Ethnopharmacology
96 483ndash487
Wang LF and Zhang HY (2003) A theoretical investigation on DPPH
radical-scavenging mechanism of Edaravone Bioorg Med Chem Lett 13
3789ndash3792
Wang X and Quinn P (1999) Vitamin E and its function in membranes
Prog Lipid Res 38(4) 309-336
Wang Y Beydoun MA Liang L Caballero B and Kumanyika SK
(2008) Will all Americans become overweight or obese Estimating the
progression and cost of the US obesity epidemic Obesity (Silver Spring) 16
2323ndash2330
Wasan KM Najafi S Wong J and Kwong M (2001) Assessing plasma
lipid levels body weight and hepatic and renal toxicity following chronic oral
administration of a water soluble phytostanol compound FM-vp4 to gerbils
J Pharm Sci (wwwualberta ca-csps) 4 228-234
Watts GF and Gan SK (2008) Nutrition and metabolism non-alcoholic
fatty liver diseasemdashpathogenesis cardiovascular risk and therapy Curr Opin
Lipidol 19 92ndash4
Wei BQ Weaver LH Ferrari AM Matthews BW and Shoichet BK
(2004) Testing a flexible-receptor docking algorithm in a model binding
site J Mol Biol 337 (5) 1161ndash82 doi101016jjmb200402015
PMID 15046985
Weltman MD Farell GC and Hall P (1998) Hepatic cytochrome P450
2E1 is increased in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Hepatology
27 128-133
Weltman MD Farrell GC and Liddle C (1996) Increased hepatocyte
CYP2E1 expression in a rat nutritional model of hepatic steatosis with
inflammation Gastroenterology 111 1645-1653
Westerbacka J Lammi K and Hakkinen AM (2005) Dietary fat content
modifies liver fat in overweight non-diabetic subjects J Clin Endocrinol
Metab 90 2804ndash9
Wickens AP (2001) Aging and the free radical theory Respiration
Physiology 128 379ndash391
Williamson G Rhodes MJC and Parr AJ (1999) Disease prevention
and plant dietary substances In Brown DE Walton NJ (Eds) Chemicals
from plants Perspectives on plant secondary products London Imperial
College Press 251-276
Willianson EM Okpako DT and Evans EJ (1996) Selection
Preparation and Pharmacological evaluation of plant material England John
Wiley PI
Wink M (1999) Functions of plant secondary metabolites and their
xploitation in Biotechnology CRC Press 3-9
Wiseman H and Halliwell B (1996) Damage to DNA by reactive oxygen
and nitrogen species role in inflammatory disease and progression to cancer
Biochem J 313 (Pt 1) 17-29
Wiwianitkit V (2001) High serum alkaline phosphatise level a study in
181 Thai adult hospitalized patients BMC family practice 2 2
Wolf PL (1999) Biochemical diagnosis of liver disease Indian J Clin
Biochem 14 59
Wong CC Li HB Cheng KW and Chen FA (2006) Systematic
survey of antioxidant activity of 30 Chinese medicinal plants using the ferric
reducing antioxidant power assay Food Chem 97 705-711
World Health Health Organisation (2004) WHO guidelines on good
agricultural and collection practices (GACP) for medicinal plants Geneva
World Health Health Organisation 1-133
World Health Organisation (2006) Obesity and overweight Fact sheet 311
Available from httpwwwwhointmediacentrefactsheetsfs311
enprinthtml
Wouters K van Gorp PJ Bieghs V Gijbels MJ Duimel H
Luumltjohann D Kerksiek A van Kruchten R Maeda N Staels B van
Bilsen M Shiri-Sverdlov R and Hofker MH (2008) Dietary cholesterol
rather than liver steatosis leads to hepatic inflammation in hyperlipidemic
mouse models of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Hepatology 48 474ndash486
Wymann MP and Schneiter R (2008) Lipid signalling in disease Nat
Rev Mol Cell Biol 9 162ndash176
Yamaguchi F Saito M Ariga T Yoshimura Y and Nakazawa H
(2000) Free radical scavenging activity of garcinol from Garcinia indica
fruit rind J Agri Food Chem 48 2320ndash2325
Yamaguchi K Yang L McCall S Huang J Yu XX Pandey SK
Bhanot S Monia BP Li YX and Diehl AM (2007) Inhibiting
triglyceride synthesis improves hepatic steatosis but exacerbates liver
damage and fibrosis in obese mice with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Hepatology 45 1366ndash1374
Yang H Roberts LJ Jian Shi M Chun Zhou Li Ballard BR
Richardson A and Zhong Mao Guo Z (2004) Retardation of
atherosclerosis by overexpression of catalase or both CuZn-superoxide
dismutase and catalase in mice lacking apolipoprotein E Circ Res 95
1075ndash1081
Yang JS Lee SJ Park HW and Cha YS (2006) Effect of genistein
with carnitine administration on lipid parameters and obesity in C57Bl6J
mice fed a high-fat diet Journal of Medicinal Food 9 459ndash467
Yang RL Li W Shi YH and Le GW (2008) Lipoic acid prevents
high-fat dietndashinduced dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress A microarray
analysis Nutrition 24 582ndash588
Yang S Zhu H Li Y Lin H Gabrielson K Trush MA and Diehl
AM (2000) Mitochondrial adaptations to obesity-related oxidant stress
Arch Biochem Biophys 378 259-268
Yannerelli GG Gallego SM and Tamaro ML (2006) Effect of UV-B
radiation on the activity and isoforms of enzymes with peroxidise activity in
sunflower cotyledons Environ Exp Bot 56 174-181
Yao D Shi W Gou Y Zhou X Yee Aw T Zhou Y and Liu Z
(2005) Fatty acid-mediated intracellular iron translocation a synergistic
mechanism of oxidative injury Free Radic Biol Med 39(10) 1385ndash1398
Yao ZM and Vance DE (1990) Reduction in VLDL but not HDL in
plasma of rats deficient in choline Biochem Cell Biol 68 552-558
Yen GC and Chen HY (1995) Antioxidant activity of various tea
extracts in relation to their antimutagenicity J Agr Food Chem 43 27-32
You M Considine RV Leone TC Kelly DP and Crabb DW (2005)
Role of adiponectin in the protective action of dietary saturated fat against
alcoholic fatty liver in mice Hepatology 42 568ndash577
Younes M (1981) Inhibitory action of some flavonoids on enhanced
spontaneous lipid peroxidation following glutathione depletion Plant Med
43 240-245
Yu L Haley S Perret J Harris M Wilson J and Qian M (2002) Free
radical scavenging properties of wheat extracts J Agri Food Chem 50
1619ndash1624
Yun SN Moon SJ Ko SK Im BO and Chung SH (2004) Wild
ginseng prevents the onset of high-fat diet induced hyperglycemia and
obesity in ICR mice Arch Pham Res 27 790ndash6
Zak B (1954) Cholesterol Methodologies A review Clin Chem 23 1201
Zhai S Dai R Friedman FK and Vestal RE (1998) Drug Metab
Dispos 26 989
Zhang HM Chen SW Zhang LS and Feng XF (2008) The effects of
soy isoflavone on insulin sensitivity and adipocytokines in insulin resistant
rats administered with high-fat diet Nat Prod Res 22 1637ndash1649
Zhang Z Apse K Pang J and Stanton RC (2000) High glucose inhibits
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase via cAMP in aortic endothelial cells J
Biol Chem 275 40042-40047
Zhao B (2009) Natural antioxidants protect neurons in Alzheimerlsquos disease
and Parkinsonlsquos disease Neurochem Res 34 630ndash8
Zheng S Hoos L Cook J Tetzloff G Harry DJ and Van Heek M
(2008) Ezetimibe improves high fat and cholesterol diet-induced non-
alcoholic fatty liver disease Vascular Health and Risk Management 4 235ndash
241
Zhu X Zhang W Pang X Wang J Zhao J and Qu W (2011)
Hypolipidaemic effect of n-butanol extract from Asparagus officinalis L in
mice fed a high-fat diet Phytotherapy Research 31 doi101002ptr3380
Zimmerman H J and Seeff L B (1970) Enzymes in hepatic disease In E
L Goodly (Ed) Diagnostic Enzymology (pp 1ndash38) Philadelphia USA
Lea amp Febiger
Zimmet P Shaw J and Alberti KG (2003) Preventing Type 2 Diabetes
and the Dysmetabolic Syndrome in the Real World a Realistic View Diabet
Med 20 693-702
Tundis R Bonesi M Deguin B Loizzo MR Menichini F Conforti F
and Menichini F (2009) Cytotoxic activity and inhibitory effect on nitric
oxide production of triterpene saponins from the roots of Physospermum
verticillatum (Waldst and Kit) (Apiaceae) Bioorganic and Medicinal
Chemistry 17 4542ndash4547
Uchida K (2003) 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal a product and mediator of
oxidative stress Prog Lipid Res 42 318-343
Upadhyay RK Pandey MB Jha RN and Pandey VB (2001)
Eclalbatin triterpine saponins from Eclipta alba J Asian Nat Prod Res 3
213-217
Upasani CD and Balaraman R (2001) Effect of vitamin e vitamin C and
spirulina on the levels of membrane bound enzymes and lipids in some
organs of rats exposed to lead Indian J Pharm 33 185-191
Urmila Thatte (2004) Challenges in clinical research on Herbs Indian
JNat Prod 19 (1) 35-36
Urquiaga I and Leighton F (2000) Plant polyphenol antioxidants and
oxidative stress Biol Res Biol 33(2) 55ndash64
Ur-Rahman A Sohail M Ahmed S Iqbal Choudhary M and Ur-
Rahman H (1985) Heterocycles 23 953ndash955
Valko M Leibfritz D Moncol J Cronin MT Mazur M and Telser J
(2007) Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and
human disease International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology 39
44ndash84
Valko M Rhodes CJ Moncol J Izakovic M and Mazur M (2006)
Free radicals metals and antioxidants in oxidative stress-induced cancer
Chem-Biol Interact 10 1ndash40
Van den Berg R Haenen GRMM Van den Berg H and Bast A
(1999) Applicability of an improved Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity
(TEAC) assay for evaluation of antioxidant capacity measurements of
mixtures Food Chem 66 511-517
Varela-Rey M Embade N Ariz U Lu SC Mato JM and Martinez-
Chantar ML (2009) Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and animal models
Understanding the human disease The International Journal of Biochemistry
and Cell Biology 41 969ndash976
Venkat Ratnam D Ankolaa D Bhardwaja V Sahanaa DK and Ravi
Kumar MNV (2007) Role of antioxidants in prophylaxis and therapy a
pharmaceutical perspective Journal of Controlled Release 113(3) 189-207
Venukumar MR and Latha MS (2004) Effect of Coscinium fenestratum
on hepatotoxicity in rats Indian J of Exp Bio 42 792-97
Verma A Vijayakumar M Chandana V Rao Chandra S and Mathela
(2010) In vitro and In vivo antioxidant properties and DNA damage
protective activity of green fruit of Ficus glomerata Food and Chemical
Toxicology 48 704ndash709
Verma S and Singh SP (2008) Current and future status of herbal
medicines Vet World 1 347ndash50
Vetelainen R van Vliet A and vcan Gulik TM (2007) Essential
pathogenic and metabolic differences in steatosis induced by choline or
methionine-choline deficient diets in a rat model J Gastroenterol Hepatol
221526-1533
Vichnvetskaia KD and Roy DN (2001) Oxidative stress and
antioxidative defence with an emphasis on plants antioxidants Environ Rev
7 31-35
Videla LA Rodrigo R Orellana M Fernandez V Tapia G Quintildeones
L Varela N Contreras J Lazarte R Csendes A Rojas J Maluenda
F Burdiles P Diaz JC Smok G Thielemann L and Poniachik J
(2004) Oxidative stress-related parameters in the liver of non-alcoholic fatty
liver disease patients Clin Sci (Lond) 106 261-268
Villanova N Moscatiello S and Ramillis S (2005) Endothelial
dysfunction and cardiovascular risk profile in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Am J Gastroenterol 99 1497ndash1502
Vinson JA Zubik L Bose P Samman N Proch J (2005) Dried fruits
excellent invitro and in vivo antioxidants Journal of the American College of
Nutrition 24 44ndash50
Viuda-Martos M Navajas Y R Zapata E S Fernandez-Lopez J and
Perez-Alvarez J A (2010) Antioxidant activity of essential oils of five
spice plants widely used in a Mediterranean diet Flavour and Fragrance
Journal 25 13minus19
Vural H Aksoy N and Ozbilge H (2004) Alterations of oxidative
antioxidative status in human cutaneous lishmaniasis Cell Biochem Funct
22 153-156
Wakil SJ Stoops JK and Joshi VC (1983) Fatty acid synthesis and its
regulation Ann Rev Biochem 52 537ndash579
Wang J Li J Zou Y Chenga W Lu C Zhang L Gea J Huanga C
Jin Y Xiong-wen Lv Cheng-mu Hu and Li-ping Liu (2009) Preventive
effects of total flavonoids of Litsea coreana leve on hepatic steatosis in rats
fed with high fat diet Journal of Ethnopharmacology 121 54ndash60
Wang K Zhang Y and Yang C (2005) Antioxidant phenolic compounds
from rhizomes of Polygonum paleaceum Journal of Ethnopharmacology
96 483ndash487
Wang LF and Zhang HY (2003) A theoretical investigation on DPPH
radical-scavenging mechanism of Edaravone Bioorg Med Chem Lett 13
3789ndash3792
Wang X and Quinn P (1999) Vitamin E and its function in membranes
Prog Lipid Res 38(4) 309-336
Wang Y Beydoun MA Liang L Caballero B and Kumanyika SK
(2008) Will all Americans become overweight or obese Estimating the
progression and cost of the US obesity epidemic Obesity (Silver Spring) 16
2323ndash2330
Wasan KM Najafi S Wong J and Kwong M (2001) Assessing plasma
lipid levels body weight and hepatic and renal toxicity following chronic oral
administration of a water soluble phytostanol compound FM-vp4 to gerbils
J Pharm Sci (wwwualberta ca-csps) 4 228-234
Watts GF and Gan SK (2008) Nutrition and metabolism non-alcoholic
fatty liver diseasemdashpathogenesis cardiovascular risk and therapy Curr Opin
Lipidol 19 92ndash4
Wei BQ Weaver LH Ferrari AM Matthews BW and Shoichet BK
(2004) Testing a flexible-receptor docking algorithm in a model binding
site J Mol Biol 337 (5) 1161ndash82 doi101016jjmb200402015
PMID 15046985
Weltman MD Farell GC and Hall P (1998) Hepatic cytochrome P450
2E1 is increased in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Hepatology
27 128-133
Weltman MD Farrell GC and Liddle C (1996) Increased hepatocyte
CYP2E1 expression in a rat nutritional model of hepatic steatosis with
inflammation Gastroenterology 111 1645-1653
Westerbacka J Lammi K and Hakkinen AM (2005) Dietary fat content
modifies liver fat in overweight non-diabetic subjects J Clin Endocrinol
Metab 90 2804ndash9
Wickens AP (2001) Aging and the free radical theory Respiration
Physiology 128 379ndash391
Williamson G Rhodes MJC and Parr AJ (1999) Disease prevention
and plant dietary substances In Brown DE Walton NJ (Eds) Chemicals
from plants Perspectives on plant secondary products London Imperial
College Press 251-276
Willianson EM Okpako DT and Evans EJ (1996) Selection
Preparation and Pharmacological evaluation of plant material England John
Wiley PI
Wink M (1999) Functions of plant secondary metabolites and their
xploitation in Biotechnology CRC Press 3-9
Wiseman H and Halliwell B (1996) Damage to DNA by reactive oxygen
and nitrogen species role in inflammatory disease and progression to cancer
Biochem J 313 (Pt 1) 17-29
Wiwianitkit V (2001) High serum alkaline phosphatise level a study in
181 Thai adult hospitalized patients BMC family practice 2 2
Wolf PL (1999) Biochemical diagnosis of liver disease Indian J Clin
Biochem 14 59
Wong CC Li HB Cheng KW and Chen FA (2006) Systematic
survey of antioxidant activity of 30 Chinese medicinal plants using the ferric
reducing antioxidant power assay Food Chem 97 705-711
World Health Health Organisation (2004) WHO guidelines on good
agricultural and collection practices (GACP) for medicinal plants Geneva
World Health Health Organisation 1-133
World Health Organisation (2006) Obesity and overweight Fact sheet 311
Available from httpwwwwhointmediacentrefactsheetsfs311
enprinthtml
Wouters K van Gorp PJ Bieghs V Gijbels MJ Duimel H
Luumltjohann D Kerksiek A van Kruchten R Maeda N Staels B van
Bilsen M Shiri-Sverdlov R and Hofker MH (2008) Dietary cholesterol
rather than liver steatosis leads to hepatic inflammation in hyperlipidemic
mouse models of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Hepatology 48 474ndash486
Wymann MP and Schneiter R (2008) Lipid signalling in disease Nat
Rev Mol Cell Biol 9 162ndash176
Yamaguchi F Saito M Ariga T Yoshimura Y and Nakazawa H
(2000) Free radical scavenging activity of garcinol from Garcinia indica
fruit rind J Agri Food Chem 48 2320ndash2325
Yamaguchi K Yang L McCall S Huang J Yu XX Pandey SK
Bhanot S Monia BP Li YX and Diehl AM (2007) Inhibiting
triglyceride synthesis improves hepatic steatosis but exacerbates liver
damage and fibrosis in obese mice with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Hepatology 45 1366ndash1374
Yang H Roberts LJ Jian Shi M Chun Zhou Li Ballard BR
Richardson A and Zhong Mao Guo Z (2004) Retardation of
atherosclerosis by overexpression of catalase or both CuZn-superoxide
dismutase and catalase in mice lacking apolipoprotein E Circ Res 95
1075ndash1081
Yang JS Lee SJ Park HW and Cha YS (2006) Effect of genistein
with carnitine administration on lipid parameters and obesity in C57Bl6J
mice fed a high-fat diet Journal of Medicinal Food 9 459ndash467
Yang RL Li W Shi YH and Le GW (2008) Lipoic acid prevents
high-fat dietndashinduced dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress A microarray
analysis Nutrition 24 582ndash588
Yang S Zhu H Li Y Lin H Gabrielson K Trush MA and Diehl
AM (2000) Mitochondrial adaptations to obesity-related oxidant stress
Arch Biochem Biophys 378 259-268
Yannerelli GG Gallego SM and Tamaro ML (2006) Effect of UV-B
radiation on the activity and isoforms of enzymes with peroxidise activity in
sunflower cotyledons Environ Exp Bot 56 174-181
Yao D Shi W Gou Y Zhou X Yee Aw T Zhou Y and Liu Z
(2005) Fatty acid-mediated intracellular iron translocation a synergistic
mechanism of oxidative injury Free Radic Biol Med 39(10) 1385ndash1398
Yao ZM and Vance DE (1990) Reduction in VLDL but not HDL in
plasma of rats deficient in choline Biochem Cell Biol 68 552-558
Yen GC and Chen HY (1995) Antioxidant activity of various tea
extracts in relation to their antimutagenicity J Agr Food Chem 43 27-32
You M Considine RV Leone TC Kelly DP and Crabb DW (2005)
Role of adiponectin in the protective action of dietary saturated fat against
alcoholic fatty liver in mice Hepatology 42 568ndash577
Younes M (1981) Inhibitory action of some flavonoids on enhanced
spontaneous lipid peroxidation following glutathione depletion Plant Med
43 240-245
Yu L Haley S Perret J Harris M Wilson J and Qian M (2002) Free
radical scavenging properties of wheat extracts J Agri Food Chem 50
1619ndash1624
Yun SN Moon SJ Ko SK Im BO and Chung SH (2004) Wild
ginseng prevents the onset of high-fat diet induced hyperglycemia and
obesity in ICR mice Arch Pham Res 27 790ndash6
Zak B (1954) Cholesterol Methodologies A review Clin Chem 23 1201
Zhai S Dai R Friedman FK and Vestal RE (1998) Drug Metab
Dispos 26 989
Zhang HM Chen SW Zhang LS and Feng XF (2008) The effects of
soy isoflavone on insulin sensitivity and adipocytokines in insulin resistant
rats administered with high-fat diet Nat Prod Res 22 1637ndash1649
Zhang Z Apse K Pang J and Stanton RC (2000) High glucose inhibits
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase via cAMP in aortic endothelial cells J
Biol Chem 275 40042-40047
Zhao B (2009) Natural antioxidants protect neurons in Alzheimerlsquos disease
and Parkinsonlsquos disease Neurochem Res 34 630ndash8
Zheng S Hoos L Cook J Tetzloff G Harry DJ and Van Heek M
(2008) Ezetimibe improves high fat and cholesterol diet-induced non-
alcoholic fatty liver disease Vascular Health and Risk Management 4 235ndash
241
Zhu X Zhang W Pang X Wang J Zhao J and Qu W (2011)
Hypolipidaemic effect of n-butanol extract from Asparagus officinalis L in
mice fed a high-fat diet Phytotherapy Research 31 doi101002ptr3380
Zimmerman H J and Seeff L B (1970) Enzymes in hepatic disease In E
L Goodly (Ed) Diagnostic Enzymology (pp 1ndash38) Philadelphia USA
Lea amp Febiger
Zimmet P Shaw J and Alberti KG (2003) Preventing Type 2 Diabetes
and the Dysmetabolic Syndrome in the Real World a Realistic View Diabet
Med 20 693-702
Venkat Ratnam D Ankolaa D Bhardwaja V Sahanaa DK and Ravi
Kumar MNV (2007) Role of antioxidants in prophylaxis and therapy a
pharmaceutical perspective Journal of Controlled Release 113(3) 189-207
Venukumar MR and Latha MS (2004) Effect of Coscinium fenestratum
on hepatotoxicity in rats Indian J of Exp Bio 42 792-97
Verma A Vijayakumar M Chandana V Rao Chandra S and Mathela
(2010) In vitro and In vivo antioxidant properties and DNA damage
protective activity of green fruit of Ficus glomerata Food and Chemical
Toxicology 48 704ndash709
Verma S and Singh SP (2008) Current and future status of herbal
medicines Vet World 1 347ndash50
Vetelainen R van Vliet A and vcan Gulik TM (2007) Essential
pathogenic and metabolic differences in steatosis induced by choline or
methionine-choline deficient diets in a rat model J Gastroenterol Hepatol
221526-1533
Vichnvetskaia KD and Roy DN (2001) Oxidative stress and
antioxidative defence with an emphasis on plants antioxidants Environ Rev
7 31-35
Videla LA Rodrigo R Orellana M Fernandez V Tapia G Quintildeones
L Varela N Contreras J Lazarte R Csendes A Rojas J Maluenda
F Burdiles P Diaz JC Smok G Thielemann L and Poniachik J
(2004) Oxidative stress-related parameters in the liver of non-alcoholic fatty
liver disease patients Clin Sci (Lond) 106 261-268
Villanova N Moscatiello S and Ramillis S (2005) Endothelial
dysfunction and cardiovascular risk profile in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Am J Gastroenterol 99 1497ndash1502
Vinson JA Zubik L Bose P Samman N Proch J (2005) Dried fruits
excellent invitro and in vivo antioxidants Journal of the American College of
Nutrition 24 44ndash50
Viuda-Martos M Navajas Y R Zapata E S Fernandez-Lopez J and
Perez-Alvarez J A (2010) Antioxidant activity of essential oils of five
spice plants widely used in a Mediterranean diet Flavour and Fragrance
Journal 25 13minus19
Vural H Aksoy N and Ozbilge H (2004) Alterations of oxidative
antioxidative status in human cutaneous lishmaniasis Cell Biochem Funct
22 153-156
Wakil SJ Stoops JK and Joshi VC (1983) Fatty acid synthesis and its
regulation Ann Rev Biochem 52 537ndash579
Wang J Li J Zou Y Chenga W Lu C Zhang L Gea J Huanga C
Jin Y Xiong-wen Lv Cheng-mu Hu and Li-ping Liu (2009) Preventive
effects of total flavonoids of Litsea coreana leve on hepatic steatosis in rats
fed with high fat diet Journal of Ethnopharmacology 121 54ndash60
Wang K Zhang Y and Yang C (2005) Antioxidant phenolic compounds
from rhizomes of Polygonum paleaceum Journal of Ethnopharmacology
96 483ndash487
Wang LF and Zhang HY (2003) A theoretical investigation on DPPH
radical-scavenging mechanism of Edaravone Bioorg Med Chem Lett 13
3789ndash3792
Wang X and Quinn P (1999) Vitamin E and its function in membranes
Prog Lipid Res 38(4) 309-336
Wang Y Beydoun MA Liang L Caballero B and Kumanyika SK
(2008) Will all Americans become overweight or obese Estimating the
progression and cost of the US obesity epidemic Obesity (Silver Spring) 16
2323ndash2330
Wasan KM Najafi S Wong J and Kwong M (2001) Assessing plasma
lipid levels body weight and hepatic and renal toxicity following chronic oral
administration of a water soluble phytostanol compound FM-vp4 to gerbils
J Pharm Sci (wwwualberta ca-csps) 4 228-234
Watts GF and Gan SK (2008) Nutrition and metabolism non-alcoholic
fatty liver diseasemdashpathogenesis cardiovascular risk and therapy Curr Opin
Lipidol 19 92ndash4
Wei BQ Weaver LH Ferrari AM Matthews BW and Shoichet BK
(2004) Testing a flexible-receptor docking algorithm in a model binding
site J Mol Biol 337 (5) 1161ndash82 doi101016jjmb200402015
PMID 15046985
Weltman MD Farell GC and Hall P (1998) Hepatic cytochrome P450
2E1 is increased in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Hepatology
27 128-133
Weltman MD Farrell GC and Liddle C (1996) Increased hepatocyte
CYP2E1 expression in a rat nutritional model of hepatic steatosis with
inflammation Gastroenterology 111 1645-1653
Westerbacka J Lammi K and Hakkinen AM (2005) Dietary fat content
modifies liver fat in overweight non-diabetic subjects J Clin Endocrinol
Metab 90 2804ndash9
Wickens AP (2001) Aging and the free radical theory Respiration
Physiology 128 379ndash391
Williamson G Rhodes MJC and Parr AJ (1999) Disease prevention
and plant dietary substances In Brown DE Walton NJ (Eds) Chemicals
from plants Perspectives on plant secondary products London Imperial
College Press 251-276
Willianson EM Okpako DT and Evans EJ (1996) Selection
Preparation and Pharmacological evaluation of plant material England John
Wiley PI
Wink M (1999) Functions of plant secondary metabolites and their
xploitation in Biotechnology CRC Press 3-9
Wiseman H and Halliwell B (1996) Damage to DNA by reactive oxygen
and nitrogen species role in inflammatory disease and progression to cancer
Biochem J 313 (Pt 1) 17-29
Wiwianitkit V (2001) High serum alkaline phosphatise level a study in
181 Thai adult hospitalized patients BMC family practice 2 2
Wolf PL (1999) Biochemical diagnosis of liver disease Indian J Clin
Biochem 14 59
Wong CC Li HB Cheng KW and Chen FA (2006) Systematic
survey of antioxidant activity of 30 Chinese medicinal plants using the ferric
reducing antioxidant power assay Food Chem 97 705-711
World Health Health Organisation (2004) WHO guidelines on good
agricultural and collection practices (GACP) for medicinal plants Geneva
World Health Health Organisation 1-133
World Health Organisation (2006) Obesity and overweight Fact sheet 311
Available from httpwwwwhointmediacentrefactsheetsfs311
enprinthtml
Wouters K van Gorp PJ Bieghs V Gijbels MJ Duimel H
Luumltjohann D Kerksiek A van Kruchten R Maeda N Staels B van
Bilsen M Shiri-Sverdlov R and Hofker MH (2008) Dietary cholesterol
rather than liver steatosis leads to hepatic inflammation in hyperlipidemic
mouse models of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Hepatology 48 474ndash486
Wymann MP and Schneiter R (2008) Lipid signalling in disease Nat
Rev Mol Cell Biol 9 162ndash176
Yamaguchi F Saito M Ariga T Yoshimura Y and Nakazawa H
(2000) Free radical scavenging activity of garcinol from Garcinia indica
fruit rind J Agri Food Chem 48 2320ndash2325
Yamaguchi K Yang L McCall S Huang J Yu XX Pandey SK
Bhanot S Monia BP Li YX and Diehl AM (2007) Inhibiting
triglyceride synthesis improves hepatic steatosis but exacerbates liver
damage and fibrosis in obese mice with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Hepatology 45 1366ndash1374
Yang H Roberts LJ Jian Shi M Chun Zhou Li Ballard BR
Richardson A and Zhong Mao Guo Z (2004) Retardation of
atherosclerosis by overexpression of catalase or both CuZn-superoxide
dismutase and catalase in mice lacking apolipoprotein E Circ Res 95
1075ndash1081
Yang JS Lee SJ Park HW and Cha YS (2006) Effect of genistein
with carnitine administration on lipid parameters and obesity in C57Bl6J
mice fed a high-fat diet Journal of Medicinal Food 9 459ndash467
Yang RL Li W Shi YH and Le GW (2008) Lipoic acid prevents
high-fat dietndashinduced dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress A microarray
analysis Nutrition 24 582ndash588
Yang S Zhu H Li Y Lin H Gabrielson K Trush MA and Diehl
AM (2000) Mitochondrial adaptations to obesity-related oxidant stress
Arch Biochem Biophys 378 259-268
Yannerelli GG Gallego SM and Tamaro ML (2006) Effect of UV-B
radiation on the activity and isoforms of enzymes with peroxidise activity in
sunflower cotyledons Environ Exp Bot 56 174-181
Yao D Shi W Gou Y Zhou X Yee Aw T Zhou Y and Liu Z
(2005) Fatty acid-mediated intracellular iron translocation a synergistic
mechanism of oxidative injury Free Radic Biol Med 39(10) 1385ndash1398
Yao ZM and Vance DE (1990) Reduction in VLDL but not HDL in
plasma of rats deficient in choline Biochem Cell Biol 68 552-558
Yen GC and Chen HY (1995) Antioxidant activity of various tea
extracts in relation to their antimutagenicity J Agr Food Chem 43 27-32
You M Considine RV Leone TC Kelly DP and Crabb DW (2005)
Role of adiponectin in the protective action of dietary saturated fat against
alcoholic fatty liver in mice Hepatology 42 568ndash577
Younes M (1981) Inhibitory action of some flavonoids on enhanced
spontaneous lipid peroxidation following glutathione depletion Plant Med
43 240-245
Yu L Haley S Perret J Harris M Wilson J and Qian M (2002) Free
radical scavenging properties of wheat extracts J Agri Food Chem 50
1619ndash1624
Yun SN Moon SJ Ko SK Im BO and Chung SH (2004) Wild
ginseng prevents the onset of high-fat diet induced hyperglycemia and
obesity in ICR mice Arch Pham Res 27 790ndash6
Zak B (1954) Cholesterol Methodologies A review Clin Chem 23 1201
Zhai S Dai R Friedman FK and Vestal RE (1998) Drug Metab
Dispos 26 989
Zhang HM Chen SW Zhang LS and Feng XF (2008) The effects of
soy isoflavone on insulin sensitivity and adipocytokines in insulin resistant
rats administered with high-fat diet Nat Prod Res 22 1637ndash1649
Zhang Z Apse K Pang J and Stanton RC (2000) High glucose inhibits
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase via cAMP in aortic endothelial cells J
Biol Chem 275 40042-40047
Zhao B (2009) Natural antioxidants protect neurons in Alzheimerlsquos disease
and Parkinsonlsquos disease Neurochem Res 34 630ndash8
Zheng S Hoos L Cook J Tetzloff G Harry DJ and Van Heek M
(2008) Ezetimibe improves high fat and cholesterol diet-induced non-
alcoholic fatty liver disease Vascular Health and Risk Management 4 235ndash
241
Zhu X Zhang W Pang X Wang J Zhao J and Qu W (2011)
Hypolipidaemic effect of n-butanol extract from Asparagus officinalis L in
mice fed a high-fat diet Phytotherapy Research 31 doi101002ptr3380
Zimmerman H J and Seeff L B (1970) Enzymes in hepatic disease In E
L Goodly (Ed) Diagnostic Enzymology (pp 1ndash38) Philadelphia USA
Lea amp Febiger
Zimmet P Shaw J and Alberti KG (2003) Preventing Type 2 Diabetes
and the Dysmetabolic Syndrome in the Real World a Realistic View Diabet
Med 20 693-702
Vural H Aksoy N and Ozbilge H (2004) Alterations of oxidative
antioxidative status in human cutaneous lishmaniasis Cell Biochem Funct
22 153-156
Wakil SJ Stoops JK and Joshi VC (1983) Fatty acid synthesis and its
regulation Ann Rev Biochem 52 537ndash579
Wang J Li J Zou Y Chenga W Lu C Zhang L Gea J Huanga C
Jin Y Xiong-wen Lv Cheng-mu Hu and Li-ping Liu (2009) Preventive
effects of total flavonoids of Litsea coreana leve on hepatic steatosis in rats
fed with high fat diet Journal of Ethnopharmacology 121 54ndash60
Wang K Zhang Y and Yang C (2005) Antioxidant phenolic compounds
from rhizomes of Polygonum paleaceum Journal of Ethnopharmacology
96 483ndash487
Wang LF and Zhang HY (2003) A theoretical investigation on DPPH
radical-scavenging mechanism of Edaravone Bioorg Med Chem Lett 13
3789ndash3792
Wang X and Quinn P (1999) Vitamin E and its function in membranes
Prog Lipid Res 38(4) 309-336
Wang Y Beydoun MA Liang L Caballero B and Kumanyika SK
(2008) Will all Americans become overweight or obese Estimating the
progression and cost of the US obesity epidemic Obesity (Silver Spring) 16
2323ndash2330
Wasan KM Najafi S Wong J and Kwong M (2001) Assessing plasma
lipid levels body weight and hepatic and renal toxicity following chronic oral
administration of a water soluble phytostanol compound FM-vp4 to gerbils
J Pharm Sci (wwwualberta ca-csps) 4 228-234
Watts GF and Gan SK (2008) Nutrition and metabolism non-alcoholic
fatty liver diseasemdashpathogenesis cardiovascular risk and therapy Curr Opin
Lipidol 19 92ndash4
Wei BQ Weaver LH Ferrari AM Matthews BW and Shoichet BK
(2004) Testing a flexible-receptor docking algorithm in a model binding
site J Mol Biol 337 (5) 1161ndash82 doi101016jjmb200402015
PMID 15046985
Weltman MD Farell GC and Hall P (1998) Hepatic cytochrome P450
2E1 is increased in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Hepatology
27 128-133
Weltman MD Farrell GC and Liddle C (1996) Increased hepatocyte
CYP2E1 expression in a rat nutritional model of hepatic steatosis with
inflammation Gastroenterology 111 1645-1653
Westerbacka J Lammi K and Hakkinen AM (2005) Dietary fat content
modifies liver fat in overweight non-diabetic subjects J Clin Endocrinol
Metab 90 2804ndash9
Wickens AP (2001) Aging and the free radical theory Respiration
Physiology 128 379ndash391
Williamson G Rhodes MJC and Parr AJ (1999) Disease prevention
and plant dietary substances In Brown DE Walton NJ (Eds) Chemicals
from plants Perspectives on plant secondary products London Imperial
College Press 251-276
Willianson EM Okpako DT and Evans EJ (1996) Selection
Preparation and Pharmacological evaluation of plant material England John
Wiley PI
Wink M (1999) Functions of plant secondary metabolites and their
xploitation in Biotechnology CRC Press 3-9
Wiseman H and Halliwell B (1996) Damage to DNA by reactive oxygen
and nitrogen species role in inflammatory disease and progression to cancer
Biochem J 313 (Pt 1) 17-29
Wiwianitkit V (2001) High serum alkaline phosphatise level a study in
181 Thai adult hospitalized patients BMC family practice 2 2
Wolf PL (1999) Biochemical diagnosis of liver disease Indian J Clin
Biochem 14 59
Wong CC Li HB Cheng KW and Chen FA (2006) Systematic
survey of antioxidant activity of 30 Chinese medicinal plants using the ferric
reducing antioxidant power assay Food Chem 97 705-711
World Health Health Organisation (2004) WHO guidelines on good
agricultural and collection practices (GACP) for medicinal plants Geneva
World Health Health Organisation 1-133
World Health Organisation (2006) Obesity and overweight Fact sheet 311
Available from httpwwwwhointmediacentrefactsheetsfs311
enprinthtml
Wouters K van Gorp PJ Bieghs V Gijbels MJ Duimel H
Luumltjohann D Kerksiek A van Kruchten R Maeda N Staels B van
Bilsen M Shiri-Sverdlov R and Hofker MH (2008) Dietary cholesterol
rather than liver steatosis leads to hepatic inflammation in hyperlipidemic
mouse models of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Hepatology 48 474ndash486
Wymann MP and Schneiter R (2008) Lipid signalling in disease Nat
Rev Mol Cell Biol 9 162ndash176
Yamaguchi F Saito M Ariga T Yoshimura Y and Nakazawa H
(2000) Free radical scavenging activity of garcinol from Garcinia indica
fruit rind J Agri Food Chem 48 2320ndash2325
Yamaguchi K Yang L McCall S Huang J Yu XX Pandey SK
Bhanot S Monia BP Li YX and Diehl AM (2007) Inhibiting
triglyceride synthesis improves hepatic steatosis but exacerbates liver
damage and fibrosis in obese mice with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Hepatology 45 1366ndash1374
Yang H Roberts LJ Jian Shi M Chun Zhou Li Ballard BR
Richardson A and Zhong Mao Guo Z (2004) Retardation of
atherosclerosis by overexpression of catalase or both CuZn-superoxide
dismutase and catalase in mice lacking apolipoprotein E Circ Res 95
1075ndash1081
Yang JS Lee SJ Park HW and Cha YS (2006) Effect of genistein
with carnitine administration on lipid parameters and obesity in C57Bl6J
mice fed a high-fat diet Journal of Medicinal Food 9 459ndash467
Yang RL Li W Shi YH and Le GW (2008) Lipoic acid prevents
high-fat dietndashinduced dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress A microarray
analysis Nutrition 24 582ndash588
Yang S Zhu H Li Y Lin H Gabrielson K Trush MA and Diehl
AM (2000) Mitochondrial adaptations to obesity-related oxidant stress
Arch Biochem Biophys 378 259-268
Yannerelli GG Gallego SM and Tamaro ML (2006) Effect of UV-B
radiation on the activity and isoforms of enzymes with peroxidise activity in
sunflower cotyledons Environ Exp Bot 56 174-181
Yao D Shi W Gou Y Zhou X Yee Aw T Zhou Y and Liu Z
(2005) Fatty acid-mediated intracellular iron translocation a synergistic
mechanism of oxidative injury Free Radic Biol Med 39(10) 1385ndash1398
Yao ZM and Vance DE (1990) Reduction in VLDL but not HDL in
plasma of rats deficient in choline Biochem Cell Biol 68 552-558
Yen GC and Chen HY (1995) Antioxidant activity of various tea
extracts in relation to their antimutagenicity J Agr Food Chem 43 27-32
You M Considine RV Leone TC Kelly DP and Crabb DW (2005)
Role of adiponectin in the protective action of dietary saturated fat against
alcoholic fatty liver in mice Hepatology 42 568ndash577
Younes M (1981) Inhibitory action of some flavonoids on enhanced
spontaneous lipid peroxidation following glutathione depletion Plant Med
43 240-245
Yu L Haley S Perret J Harris M Wilson J and Qian M (2002) Free
radical scavenging properties of wheat extracts J Agri Food Chem 50
1619ndash1624
Yun SN Moon SJ Ko SK Im BO and Chung SH (2004) Wild
ginseng prevents the onset of high-fat diet induced hyperglycemia and
obesity in ICR mice Arch Pham Res 27 790ndash6
Zak B (1954) Cholesterol Methodologies A review Clin Chem 23 1201
Zhai S Dai R Friedman FK and Vestal RE (1998) Drug Metab
Dispos 26 989
Zhang HM Chen SW Zhang LS and Feng XF (2008) The effects of
soy isoflavone on insulin sensitivity and adipocytokines in insulin resistant
rats administered with high-fat diet Nat Prod Res 22 1637ndash1649
Zhang Z Apse K Pang J and Stanton RC (2000) High glucose inhibits
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase via cAMP in aortic endothelial cells J
Biol Chem 275 40042-40047
Zhao B (2009) Natural antioxidants protect neurons in Alzheimerlsquos disease
and Parkinsonlsquos disease Neurochem Res 34 630ndash8
Zheng S Hoos L Cook J Tetzloff G Harry DJ and Van Heek M
(2008) Ezetimibe improves high fat and cholesterol diet-induced non-
alcoholic fatty liver disease Vascular Health and Risk Management 4 235ndash
241
Zhu X Zhang W Pang X Wang J Zhao J and Qu W (2011)
Hypolipidaemic effect of n-butanol extract from Asparagus officinalis L in
mice fed a high-fat diet Phytotherapy Research 31 doi101002ptr3380
Zimmerman H J and Seeff L B (1970) Enzymes in hepatic disease In E
L Goodly (Ed) Diagnostic Enzymology (pp 1ndash38) Philadelphia USA
Lea amp Febiger
Zimmet P Shaw J and Alberti KG (2003) Preventing Type 2 Diabetes
and the Dysmetabolic Syndrome in the Real World a Realistic View Diabet
Med 20 693-702
Weltman MD Farrell GC and Liddle C (1996) Increased hepatocyte
CYP2E1 expression in a rat nutritional model of hepatic steatosis with
inflammation Gastroenterology 111 1645-1653
Westerbacka J Lammi K and Hakkinen AM (2005) Dietary fat content
modifies liver fat in overweight non-diabetic subjects J Clin Endocrinol
Metab 90 2804ndash9
Wickens AP (2001) Aging and the free radical theory Respiration
Physiology 128 379ndash391
Williamson G Rhodes MJC and Parr AJ (1999) Disease prevention
and plant dietary substances In Brown DE Walton NJ (Eds) Chemicals
from plants Perspectives on plant secondary products London Imperial
College Press 251-276
Willianson EM Okpako DT and Evans EJ (1996) Selection
Preparation and Pharmacological evaluation of plant material England John
Wiley PI
Wink M (1999) Functions of plant secondary metabolites and their
xploitation in Biotechnology CRC Press 3-9
Wiseman H and Halliwell B (1996) Damage to DNA by reactive oxygen
and nitrogen species role in inflammatory disease and progression to cancer
Biochem J 313 (Pt 1) 17-29
Wiwianitkit V (2001) High serum alkaline phosphatise level a study in
181 Thai adult hospitalized patients BMC family practice 2 2
Wolf PL (1999) Biochemical diagnosis of liver disease Indian J Clin
Biochem 14 59
Wong CC Li HB Cheng KW and Chen FA (2006) Systematic
survey of antioxidant activity of 30 Chinese medicinal plants using the ferric
reducing antioxidant power assay Food Chem 97 705-711
World Health Health Organisation (2004) WHO guidelines on good
agricultural and collection practices (GACP) for medicinal plants Geneva
World Health Health Organisation 1-133
World Health Organisation (2006) Obesity and overweight Fact sheet 311
Available from httpwwwwhointmediacentrefactsheetsfs311
enprinthtml
Wouters K van Gorp PJ Bieghs V Gijbels MJ Duimel H
Luumltjohann D Kerksiek A van Kruchten R Maeda N Staels B van
Bilsen M Shiri-Sverdlov R and Hofker MH (2008) Dietary cholesterol
rather than liver steatosis leads to hepatic inflammation in hyperlipidemic
mouse models of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Hepatology 48 474ndash486
Wymann MP and Schneiter R (2008) Lipid signalling in disease Nat
Rev Mol Cell Biol 9 162ndash176
Yamaguchi F Saito M Ariga T Yoshimura Y and Nakazawa H
(2000) Free radical scavenging activity of garcinol from Garcinia indica
fruit rind J Agri Food Chem 48 2320ndash2325
Yamaguchi K Yang L McCall S Huang J Yu XX Pandey SK
Bhanot S Monia BP Li YX and Diehl AM (2007) Inhibiting
triglyceride synthesis improves hepatic steatosis but exacerbates liver
damage and fibrosis in obese mice with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Hepatology 45 1366ndash1374
Yang H Roberts LJ Jian Shi M Chun Zhou Li Ballard BR
Richardson A and Zhong Mao Guo Z (2004) Retardation of
atherosclerosis by overexpression of catalase or both CuZn-superoxide
dismutase and catalase in mice lacking apolipoprotein E Circ Res 95
1075ndash1081
Yang JS Lee SJ Park HW and Cha YS (2006) Effect of genistein
with carnitine administration on lipid parameters and obesity in C57Bl6J
mice fed a high-fat diet Journal of Medicinal Food 9 459ndash467
Yang RL Li W Shi YH and Le GW (2008) Lipoic acid prevents
high-fat dietndashinduced dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress A microarray
analysis Nutrition 24 582ndash588
Yang S Zhu H Li Y Lin H Gabrielson K Trush MA and Diehl
AM (2000) Mitochondrial adaptations to obesity-related oxidant stress
Arch Biochem Biophys 378 259-268
Yannerelli GG Gallego SM and Tamaro ML (2006) Effect of UV-B
radiation on the activity and isoforms of enzymes with peroxidise activity in
sunflower cotyledons Environ Exp Bot 56 174-181
Yao D Shi W Gou Y Zhou X Yee Aw T Zhou Y and Liu Z
(2005) Fatty acid-mediated intracellular iron translocation a synergistic
mechanism of oxidative injury Free Radic Biol Med 39(10) 1385ndash1398
Yao ZM and Vance DE (1990) Reduction in VLDL but not HDL in
plasma of rats deficient in choline Biochem Cell Biol 68 552-558
Yen GC and Chen HY (1995) Antioxidant activity of various tea
extracts in relation to their antimutagenicity J Agr Food Chem 43 27-32
You M Considine RV Leone TC Kelly DP and Crabb DW (2005)
Role of adiponectin in the protective action of dietary saturated fat against
alcoholic fatty liver in mice Hepatology 42 568ndash577
Younes M (1981) Inhibitory action of some flavonoids on enhanced
spontaneous lipid peroxidation following glutathione depletion Plant Med
43 240-245
Yu L Haley S Perret J Harris M Wilson J and Qian M (2002) Free
radical scavenging properties of wheat extracts J Agri Food Chem 50
1619ndash1624
Yun SN Moon SJ Ko SK Im BO and Chung SH (2004) Wild
ginseng prevents the onset of high-fat diet induced hyperglycemia and
obesity in ICR mice Arch Pham Res 27 790ndash6
Zak B (1954) Cholesterol Methodologies A review Clin Chem 23 1201
Zhai S Dai R Friedman FK and Vestal RE (1998) Drug Metab
Dispos 26 989
Zhang HM Chen SW Zhang LS and Feng XF (2008) The effects of
soy isoflavone on insulin sensitivity and adipocytokines in insulin resistant
rats administered with high-fat diet Nat Prod Res 22 1637ndash1649
Zhang Z Apse K Pang J and Stanton RC (2000) High glucose inhibits
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase via cAMP in aortic endothelial cells J
Biol Chem 275 40042-40047
Zhao B (2009) Natural antioxidants protect neurons in Alzheimerlsquos disease
and Parkinsonlsquos disease Neurochem Res 34 630ndash8
Zheng S Hoos L Cook J Tetzloff G Harry DJ and Van Heek M
(2008) Ezetimibe improves high fat and cholesterol diet-induced non-
alcoholic fatty liver disease Vascular Health and Risk Management 4 235ndash
241
Zhu X Zhang W Pang X Wang J Zhao J and Qu W (2011)
Hypolipidaemic effect of n-butanol extract from Asparagus officinalis L in
mice fed a high-fat diet Phytotherapy Research 31 doi101002ptr3380
Zimmerman H J and Seeff L B (1970) Enzymes in hepatic disease In E
L Goodly (Ed) Diagnostic Enzymology (pp 1ndash38) Philadelphia USA
Lea amp Febiger
Zimmet P Shaw J and Alberti KG (2003) Preventing Type 2 Diabetes
and the Dysmetabolic Syndrome in the Real World a Realistic View Diabet
Med 20 693-702
Wouters K van Gorp PJ Bieghs V Gijbels MJ Duimel H
Luumltjohann D Kerksiek A van Kruchten R Maeda N Staels B van
Bilsen M Shiri-Sverdlov R and Hofker MH (2008) Dietary cholesterol
rather than liver steatosis leads to hepatic inflammation in hyperlipidemic
mouse models of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Hepatology 48 474ndash486
Wymann MP and Schneiter R (2008) Lipid signalling in disease Nat
Rev Mol Cell Biol 9 162ndash176
Yamaguchi F Saito M Ariga T Yoshimura Y and Nakazawa H
(2000) Free radical scavenging activity of garcinol from Garcinia indica
fruit rind J Agri Food Chem 48 2320ndash2325
Yamaguchi K Yang L McCall S Huang J Yu XX Pandey SK
Bhanot S Monia BP Li YX and Diehl AM (2007) Inhibiting
triglyceride synthesis improves hepatic steatosis but exacerbates liver
damage and fibrosis in obese mice with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Hepatology 45 1366ndash1374
Yang H Roberts LJ Jian Shi M Chun Zhou Li Ballard BR
Richardson A and Zhong Mao Guo Z (2004) Retardation of
atherosclerosis by overexpression of catalase or both CuZn-superoxide
dismutase and catalase in mice lacking apolipoprotein E Circ Res 95
1075ndash1081
Yang JS Lee SJ Park HW and Cha YS (2006) Effect of genistein
with carnitine administration on lipid parameters and obesity in C57Bl6J
mice fed a high-fat diet Journal of Medicinal Food 9 459ndash467
Yang RL Li W Shi YH and Le GW (2008) Lipoic acid prevents
high-fat dietndashinduced dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress A microarray
analysis Nutrition 24 582ndash588
Yang S Zhu H Li Y Lin H Gabrielson K Trush MA and Diehl
AM (2000) Mitochondrial adaptations to obesity-related oxidant stress
Arch Biochem Biophys 378 259-268
Yannerelli GG Gallego SM and Tamaro ML (2006) Effect of UV-B
radiation on the activity and isoforms of enzymes with peroxidise activity in
sunflower cotyledons Environ Exp Bot 56 174-181
Yao D Shi W Gou Y Zhou X Yee Aw T Zhou Y and Liu Z
(2005) Fatty acid-mediated intracellular iron translocation a synergistic
mechanism of oxidative injury Free Radic Biol Med 39(10) 1385ndash1398
Yao ZM and Vance DE (1990) Reduction in VLDL but not HDL in
plasma of rats deficient in choline Biochem Cell Biol 68 552-558
Yen GC and Chen HY (1995) Antioxidant activity of various tea
extracts in relation to their antimutagenicity J Agr Food Chem 43 27-32
You M Considine RV Leone TC Kelly DP and Crabb DW (2005)
Role of adiponectin in the protective action of dietary saturated fat against
alcoholic fatty liver in mice Hepatology 42 568ndash577
Younes M (1981) Inhibitory action of some flavonoids on enhanced
spontaneous lipid peroxidation following glutathione depletion Plant Med
43 240-245
Yu L Haley S Perret J Harris M Wilson J and Qian M (2002) Free
radical scavenging properties of wheat extracts J Agri Food Chem 50
1619ndash1624
Yun SN Moon SJ Ko SK Im BO and Chung SH (2004) Wild
ginseng prevents the onset of high-fat diet induced hyperglycemia and
obesity in ICR mice Arch Pham Res 27 790ndash6
Zak B (1954) Cholesterol Methodologies A review Clin Chem 23 1201
Zhai S Dai R Friedman FK and Vestal RE (1998) Drug Metab
Dispos 26 989
Zhang HM Chen SW Zhang LS and Feng XF (2008) The effects of
soy isoflavone on insulin sensitivity and adipocytokines in insulin resistant
rats administered with high-fat diet Nat Prod Res 22 1637ndash1649
Zhang Z Apse K Pang J and Stanton RC (2000) High glucose inhibits
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase via cAMP in aortic endothelial cells J
Biol Chem 275 40042-40047
Zhao B (2009) Natural antioxidants protect neurons in Alzheimerlsquos disease
and Parkinsonlsquos disease Neurochem Res 34 630ndash8
Zheng S Hoos L Cook J Tetzloff G Harry DJ and Van Heek M
(2008) Ezetimibe improves high fat and cholesterol diet-induced non-
alcoholic fatty liver disease Vascular Health and Risk Management 4 235ndash
241
Zhu X Zhang W Pang X Wang J Zhao J and Qu W (2011)
Hypolipidaemic effect of n-butanol extract from Asparagus officinalis L in
mice fed a high-fat diet Phytotherapy Research 31 doi101002ptr3380
Zimmerman H J and Seeff L B (1970) Enzymes in hepatic disease In E
L Goodly (Ed) Diagnostic Enzymology (pp 1ndash38) Philadelphia USA
Lea amp Febiger
Zimmet P Shaw J and Alberti KG (2003) Preventing Type 2 Diabetes
and the Dysmetabolic Syndrome in the Real World a Realistic View Diabet
Med 20 693-702
Yao ZM and Vance DE (1990) Reduction in VLDL but not HDL in
plasma of rats deficient in choline Biochem Cell Biol 68 552-558
Yen GC and Chen HY (1995) Antioxidant activity of various tea
extracts in relation to their antimutagenicity J Agr Food Chem 43 27-32
You M Considine RV Leone TC Kelly DP and Crabb DW (2005)
Role of adiponectin in the protective action of dietary saturated fat against
alcoholic fatty liver in mice Hepatology 42 568ndash577
Younes M (1981) Inhibitory action of some flavonoids on enhanced
spontaneous lipid peroxidation following glutathione depletion Plant Med
43 240-245
Yu L Haley S Perret J Harris M Wilson J and Qian M (2002) Free
radical scavenging properties of wheat extracts J Agri Food Chem 50
1619ndash1624
Yun SN Moon SJ Ko SK Im BO and Chung SH (2004) Wild
ginseng prevents the onset of high-fat diet induced hyperglycemia and
obesity in ICR mice Arch Pham Res 27 790ndash6
Zak B (1954) Cholesterol Methodologies A review Clin Chem 23 1201
Zhai S Dai R Friedman FK and Vestal RE (1998) Drug Metab
Dispos 26 989
Zhang HM Chen SW Zhang LS and Feng XF (2008) The effects of
soy isoflavone on insulin sensitivity and adipocytokines in insulin resistant
rats administered with high-fat diet Nat Prod Res 22 1637ndash1649
Zhang Z Apse K Pang J and Stanton RC (2000) High glucose inhibits
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase via cAMP in aortic endothelial cells J
Biol Chem 275 40042-40047
Zhao B (2009) Natural antioxidants protect neurons in Alzheimerlsquos disease
and Parkinsonlsquos disease Neurochem Res 34 630ndash8
Zheng S Hoos L Cook J Tetzloff G Harry DJ and Van Heek M
(2008) Ezetimibe improves high fat and cholesterol diet-induced non-
alcoholic fatty liver disease Vascular Health and Risk Management 4 235ndash
241
Zhu X Zhang W Pang X Wang J Zhao J and Qu W (2011)
Hypolipidaemic effect of n-butanol extract from Asparagus officinalis L in
mice fed a high-fat diet Phytotherapy Research 31 doi101002ptr3380
Zimmerman H J and Seeff L B (1970) Enzymes in hepatic disease In E
L Goodly (Ed) Diagnostic Enzymology (pp 1ndash38) Philadelphia USA
Lea amp Febiger
Zimmet P Shaw J and Alberti KG (2003) Preventing Type 2 Diabetes
and the Dysmetabolic Syndrome in the Real World a Realistic View Diabet
Med 20 693-702
Zimmerman H J and Seeff L B (1970) Enzymes in hepatic disease In E
L Goodly (Ed) Diagnostic Enzymology (pp 1ndash38) Philadelphia USA
Lea amp Febiger
Zimmet P Shaw J and Alberti KG (2003) Preventing Type 2 Diabetes
and the Dysmetabolic Syndrome in the Real World a Realistic View Diabet
Med 20 693-702