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Abete, L. 75, 164Acciari, S. 126Agosta, A. 188Agnelli, G. 154, 205Alfieri, C. 117Allievi, S. 51, 59Allum, P. xxii, 12, 16, 59, 126, 217Almond, G. 14Altissimo, A. 80, 149Amato, G. xiv, xx, 65, 67, 68, 81,
110, 125, 156, 201, 204, 216as Prime Minister 68–80, 112,
118, 122–4, 133, 146–7, 157,163
Andreatta, B. 40Andreoli, M. 103, 164Andreotti, G. xiv, xx, 2, 22–5, 30,
Andvig, J.C. 105Arcais, P.d’ 38Arlacchi, P. 127Avineri, S. 60
Bagnasco, A. 253Bank of Italy 35, 76, 77, 203, 216Baratta, P. 112Bardi, L. 37Barnes, S. 253Barry, B. 13, 58, 93, 104, 145Barucci, P. 70, 75, 77, 147, 155,
157Bedani, G. 183, 189Beetham, D. 189Beitz, C. 142, 144Bellamy, R. 8, 13Belotti, V. 189Benvenuto, G. 149Berlinguer, G. 61Berlusconi, P. 200, 212, 223Berlusconi, S. xi, xii, xviii, xix–xx,
and corruption 99, 100, 176,198–201, 205–8, 209, 217, 223
and 1996 election 236, 237as Prime Minister Ch.9, 218,
219, 239, 252see also Forza Italia!
Bertinotti, F. xiii, xiv, 169, 240–1see also Communist Refoundation
Bianchi, S. 59Bianco, E. 151Bicameral Committee xi, xiiBindi, R. 155Biondi, A. 194, 198–9, 206Blondel, J. 245, 253Bobbio, L. 188Bobbio, N. 6, 12, 13, 14, 37, 138,
228, 240, 242, 243, 252, 253,254
Bocca, G. 227Bonino, E. xviBontade, S. 119Borrelli, S. 82, 84, 102, 117, 121,
148, 205–6, 209Borsellino, P. 34
murder 73, 74, 113, 115Bosetti, G. 190, 242Bossi, U. xviii, 31, 39, 41, 50–4, 57,
see also Northern LeagueBozzi Commission 37Bozzo, Baget G. 43–4, 58Braun, M. 227Bruno, V. 38Bull, Cento A. 52–3, 59, 60, 61Bull, M. xix, 36, 58, 60, 143, 185,
foreign 16–18, 204, 217, 241treasury, budget and finance 40,
69–70, 147, 155, 157, 202,205, 218
posts and telecommunications197
justice 111, 116, 121, 198–200,205–6
labour 78health 78public works 78industry 73
Caciagli, M. 59CAF 68Cagliari, G. 154Calise, M. 4, 5, 7, 11, 12, 13, 14,
36, 47, 88, 104, 246, 248, 253Calvi, G. 39, 188, 190Calvi, R. 110Camon, F. 127Campanella, M. 216Canfalonieri, F. 200Caracciolo, L. 253Carducci, M. 61Carlucci, A. 81, 103Carli, G. 35, 40Carnevale, C. 119Carra, E. 58Caselli, G. 118, 126, 199, 216Cassese, S. 250, 254Castellani, V. 151Castellari, S. 112Castellino, O. 227Castiglione, D. 254Chiaromomte, G. 27Chiesa, M. 64, 68, 85Chomsky, N. 189Christian Democracy (DC) 20, 21,
22, 25, 212, 244and 1992 election 40, 43–50
and corruption 49, 87, 108–9,117–19, 149
and 1993 referendum 131, 135and 1993 municipal election
150–1, 159and 1994 election 185
Christian Democratic Centre (CCD)xii, 167, 194
Christian Democratic Union (CDU)xii, 194
Christodoulidis, E. 254Chubb, J. 14, 38, 102, 103church, catholicism 15–16
and the DC 44Churchill, W. 228CIA 23–4Ciampi, C.A. x, xi, xiv, 170
as Prime Minister 147–9, 153,155–9, 163, 165, 167, 196,202
Ciancimino, V. 30Ciaurro, G. 81Citaristi, S. 65CGIL 71, 75, 205CISL 71clientelism 14Clough, P. 143, 164Cofferati, S. 205Cohen, J. 141Colombo, E. 77Colombo, G. 85, 102, 104, 120, 209Comino, D. 151Communist Refoundation x, xiv,
Craxi, Bobo 68Crisciatello, A. 82Croce, B. 8, 17CSM see Supreme Council of the
JudiciaryCuccia, E. 158, 165Cuntrera brothers 113Cusani, S. 80, 81, 198
Dahl, R. 6, 13, 136, 144D’Alema, M. xi, xii, 34, 80, 211,
217, 224, 234–5, 240–1as Prime Minister xiii–xv, xviii
D’Ambrogio, G. 102, 150Daniels, P. 39, 82Davigo, P. 102, 103, 209DC see Christian DemocracyDe Benedetti, C. 154De Gasperi, A. 36, 43De Lorenzo, F. 111, 144, 158, 165De Michelis, G. 16–18, 36, 68, 72, 80De Mita, C. 22, 24, 37, 63, 66, 124,
149Decamps, M.-C. 36, 187, 216Della Chiesa, C.A. 114, 119Della Chiesa, N. 151Della Porta, D. 81, 89, 103, 104,
105, 106devaluation of the lira 76–8, 112,
123–4, 156, 203democracy 5, 240
and liberalism 6, 8, 228–30, 232,237
and civic humanist tradition 8,53, 249
direct democracy 135–8and state subsidy to political
parties 140–2and Schumpeter 174
and Italy 244–6see also impartiality
Democratic Party of the Left (PDS)x, 20, 34, 147, 165, 210, 223,240
and 1992 election 41, 54–7and 1993 referendum 132and 1993 municipal election
151, 159–61and 1994 election 184, 185–7,
190and 1996 election 232
Democratic Union for the Republic(UDR) xii, xiii, xiv
Democratici di Sinistra see LeftDemocrats
Democrats for the Olive Tree xviDIA 73Di Franco, G. 164Di Maggio, B. 115, 148Di Pietro, A. x, xix, 64, 66, 72, 85,
150Fanfani, A. 43–4, 58, 68–9Farneti, P. 84Farrell, J. 12, 188Fanjas, A. 216Fava, C. 39Fazio, A. 203Fedele, M. 132, 143Ferdinand, D. 39Ferraresi, F. 37Ferrajoli, L. 251–2, 254Ferrara, G. 194, 206FIAT 29, 112, 154Fideli, R. 227financing of political parties 81,
84Fini, G. xii, xvi, xviii, xx, 159, 162,
163, 199, 207, 211, 215, 217,223, 236, 242
see also National AllianceFininvest 26, 106, 149, 162, 166,
182–3, 193–4, 200, 205–9,221–3
see also BerlusconiFirst Republic 1, 2, 81, 172, 214,
218, 237, 238, 246, 247, 251
Follini, M. 189Foot, J. 190foreign policy 15–19Forlani, A. 21, 35, 37, 46, 62, 66,
80, 111, 118, 154
Formentini, M. 151, 152Forza Italia! xvi, 162, 219
Franco, M. 127Frei, M. xix, 216Friedman, A. 225Furlong, P. xxiv, 103Fusaro, C. 187
Gallagher, T. 59Galasso, P. 117Galli, C. 9, 14Galli, G. 37Gallo, 155Gambetta, D. 38, 105, 106, 139,
144, 242, 243Gambino, M. 38Gardiner, A. 102Gardini, R. 2, 80, 111, 125,
154–5Garofano, G. 113, 154Gava, A. 117, 126, 158, 165, 216Gelli, L. 115
see also P-2 masonic lodgeGellner, E. 90German unification 16, 29, 62Giacalone, D. 149Giammanco, P. 74Ginsborg, P. xxi, xxii, xxiii, xxiv, 9,
12, 14, 60Gladio 24–5, 28, 34Glees, A. 103Glover, J. 126Gnutti, V. 217Gorbachev, M. 15–16, 19Goria, G. 70Graham, R. 165, 188Gray, J. 242Greco, M. 28Green, D. 189Gritti, R. 164Gronchi, G. 43–4, 58Guardia di Finanza 100, 200, 206,
223Guarino, 73Guimbard, C. 165Guarnieri, C. 104Gundle, S. 177, 188
Index 271
Guzzini, S. 12, 248–9, 254
Haakonssen, K. 14Hegel, G.W.A. 8Hine, D. xxiv, 37, 84, 89, 90, 103,
104, 127, 164holism 8Hollis, M. xxiv, 13, 58Hooper, J. 253Huntington, S. x
Iacopini, R. 59Ielo, P. 102Ignazi, P. 14, 60, 166, 243Illy, R. 159impartiality 7, 9, 250, 252, 253INA 71Ionescu, G. 145IRI xx, 71Italian Communist Party (PCI) 16,
19–21, 24Italian Communists’ Party (PdCi)
xiiiItalian Popular Party (PPI) xvi,
154–5, 167, 193, 195, 219election 1994 189
Italian Republican Party (PRI) 63,69
IRI 157Italian Socialist Party (PSI) 20
and 1992 election 40and corruption 67–8and 1993 referendum 135and 1993 municipal election
151and 1994 election 163, 185
Italian Social Movement (MSI) 66,133, 135, 159–60, 166, 242–3
Japan 229, 242Jervolino, Russo R. 108–9judiciary 24, 28, 30–1, 34, 73–4,
Labour Party (Britain) 190La Fiura, G. 106Laitin, D. 104La Malfa, G. 80, 112Lamberti, A. 14Landau, M. 58Lange, P. xxiiiLa Palombara, J. xx, 12, 254Larini, S. 67, 110Laver, M. 243Lazar, M. xix, 59, 253Left Democrats (DS) xii, xviLega Nord see Northern LeagueLeonardi, R. 37Leoni, G. 50Letta, G. 194, 200Lewin, L. 59Ligato, L. 115Liggio, L. 82Ligresti, S. 72liberalism 7, 216, 221, 228–30,
237, 251Italy as non-liberal xix, 8–9, 40,
53–4, 57, 191, 232, 239,249–253
see also democracyLiga Veneta 51, 59Lima, S. 30, 35, 38Locke, R. 82Lodigiani, V. 106Lo Jucco, D. 183Lombardo, C. 165London School of Economics 82,
186lottizzazione 14, 49, 95, 153Luhmann, N. 242Luttwak, E. 12, 87, 103
Machiavelli, N. xxi, xxiiiMackie, T. 253Macluhan, M. 183Macpherson, C.B. 136, 144Mafai, M. 39mafia 1, 27–31, 35, 74, 101,
113–16, 149–50and Falcone 30, 35, 66–7
272 Index
Magni, L. 64, 101Malpica, R. 158Mammí Law 26, 100, 106, 149,
162, 221–3Mammí, O. 26Mannheimer, R. 50, 58, 59, 125,
175, 188, 189, 190, 238, 243Manconi, L. xviMannoia, M. 119Mantovani, L. xxManzella, A. 143Manzi, G. 110Marini, F. xviMaroni, R. 187, 194, 199, 207,
215Martelli, C. 67, 68, 73, 80, 82, 108,
110Marsh, D. 253Martinazzoli, M. 108–9, 112, 120,
125, 131, 155, 162, 217Martino, A. 204, 217Massari, O. 217Mastella, C. 202, 208Mastrantuono, R. 117, 126Mastrolaolo, A. xxii, xxivMattarella, S. 152, 164Mazzoleni, G. 216McCarthy, P. xxiii, 38, 55–6, 60,
196–7, 221, 252Meny, Y. 12Meo, V. 117, 126Miglio, G. xx, 60, 128, 163, 251,
254Mill, J.S. 8, 13, 144Mingione, E. 60Mitchison, A. 39Mitterrand, F. 20Moene, K.O. 105Mongini, R. 120Montanelli, I. xix, 166Montedison 157Morlini, C. 39Morlino, L. 37, 253Moro, A. 22, 23, 37, 43, 119Movimento Sociale-Fiamma Tricolore
235–6, 242–3Mueller, D. 189
Mulé, R. 48, 58, 59, 243Mulhall, S. 60Mussolini, A. 159
Napolitano, G. 82Nascimbeni, E. 103Natale, P. 59National Alliance (AN) xvi, 162–3,
131–2, 134, 149O’Sullivan, N. 177, 188Ottomani, M. 59
P-2 masonic lodge 23, 84, 85, 89,115
Padovani, M. 39Pagliarini, G. 202Pamparana, A. 82, 103
Index 273
Panebianco, A. 144, 236, 243Pannella-Sgarbi 232Pansa, G. 38Pappalardo, P. 152, 164Parenti, T. 199Parker, S. 60Parisi, A. 58, 139, 144Parisi–Pasquino model 47–9, 59parliament 23, 26, 41, 63, 65–8,
partitocrazia see particracyPasquino, G. 4, 12, 37, 46–7, 58,
60, 61, 81, 165, 187, 190, 227,242
Pasquino, P. 216Passerin d’Entrèves, A. 250–1, 254Pateman, C. 13, 136, 144PCI see Italian Communist PartyPDS see Democratic Party of the
LeftPecorelli, M. 119Pedrazzi, L. 127pensions 205, 208, 216, 219–20,
224Pesenti, G. 112Phillips, A. 13Piccone, P. 54, 60Pillitteri, P. 65, 68, 72Pintacuda, E. 28, 73Pivetti, I. 193, 215Pizzorno, A. 89, 104Poche, B. 125Pole of Freedom 168–9, 180, 184,
193, 204, 212, 223, 232, 236, 237Pole of Good Government 168–9Pomicino, C. 80, 117, 126, 154Popper, K. 234presidency 21–7, 33–4, 62–9, 79,
of April 1993 Ch.6of June 1995 221–3of April 1999 xv
reformist outlook 3Rete La 30
and 1992 election 41and 1993 referendum 135and 1993 municipal election
151, 159and 1994 election 170, 184
Reviglio, F. 70, 118revolution 2–3, 12Rhodes, M. 125, 190Ricolfi, L. 59, 96–7, 99, 105, 106,
188right and left 9–11, 21, 51, 178–82,
Ch.11, 253Riina, Totó S. 74, 82, 112–16,
150Riotta, G. 166
274 Index
Ripa di Meana, C. 122, 125Rizzo, A. 39Robb, P. xxRoberts, G. 12Robson, J. 13Rocco Code 91Rodotà, S. 143Rogers, J. 141Romano, S. 39, 82, 188Rosati, R. 165Rustow, D. 254Ruzza, C. 243
Salvatori, M. 13Salvo, I. 114, 119Sani, G. 37, 58, 188Santapaola, N. 150Santino, G. 106Sartori, G. 4, 12, 84, 164, 172, 238,
243Sassoon, D. xxi, xxiiiSavelli, G. 59, 60Saward, M. 144scala mobile 71, 75, 79, 82, 156Scalfari, E. 12, 166, 215Scalfaro, L. xiii, 63, 67, 73, 74, 81,
184, 188, 189Schmidtke, O. 243Schofield, N. 243Sciascia, S. 207Scognamiglio, C. 193, 215Scoppola, P. 12, 39Scotti, V. 29, 67, 216Second Republic 1, 2, 81, 214,
Seton-Watson, C. 36Shalit, A. de- 60Shapiro, I. 189Sheridan, M. 37, 217
Siclari, B. 150Sidoti, F. 87, 103Simkins, J. 227SISDE 158–9, 165Sjoblom, G. 58Smith, G. 144Spadolini, G. 63, 67, 81, 193Spaventa, L. 147, 155, 157Spence, A.M. 105Spotts, F. xxiii, 14Sterling, C. 38Sturzo, L. 43Supreme Council of the Judiciary
24, 28, 74, 148, 206Sutherland, S. 144Swedberg, R. 188Swift, A. 60
tangentopoli see corruptionTarrow, S. xxiiiTatarella, G. 197, 203Tato, F. 216Tocqueville, A.de 13Tognoli, C. 64, 68, 72Tong, R. 13Tremaglia, M. 215Tremonti, G. 202Trentin, B. 75, 79Triglia, C. 166Turani, G. 12, 227
UIL 71Uleri, P.V. 227Urban, J. 36
Valente, A. 209Valentini, C. 166Valentini, M. 82Vannicelli, F. 14Vannucci, A. 104, 106, 188, 190Vassallo, S. 165Varese, F. 104, 105, 241, 242, 243Vitrani, F. 12, 14, 39Veltri, E. 104Verba, S. 14Vimercati, D. 59Violante, L. 116, 216Vito, A. 117, 126Volcansek, M. 104
