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Index

Adjustment structural/ programmes 3-5, 15, 21, 26, 38, 43, 89, 154

loans (SALs) 99 PERE/paquetazo 56, 59, 61

agrarian reform 19, 167 EI Salvador: cooperatives 168,

171, ,l73, 175, 177; FINATA/ /inateros 169, 170, 171, 175; impact of 169-72; ISTA 169, 170; non-reformed sector 170, 180; phases 168-9; problems 174; Prosterman 169, 172, 174; reform in 1976, 168;

Nicaragua/Sandinista: CAS 149, 159; characteristics of 147-9; CCS 150; INRA 156-8; limits of 149, 159; phases 149-52; state enterprises/farms 149, 155, 158; UCA 160; UNAG 151, 156;

typology of 167, 183 agrarian transition 165

junker variant of 166 agricultural cycle 44, 51 ARENA 20,55,65, 165, 166, 177,

179, 180 asymmetric economic relations 81

black market 28, 31, 48, 51, 124, 125

CACM/intra-regional trade 18, 28, 36,90,92, 93, 94, 96, 98, 101, 103,113, 115, 141

capital flight 7-9, 20, 31, 38, 72, 75 hot money method 7-8 private/family remittances 57,

179

capital markets (international) 75, 78, 111

catastrophe theory 80 class structure 19, 180,

bourgeoisie (agro-export) 65, 149, 152

colonos 168 descampesinacion 179 large farmers 155 oligarchy(ies) 2, 3, 166 168, 181 peasantry 28, 151 small and medium producers/

farmers 122, 153, 154, 160, 161, 166, 171, 174, 180

tenant farmers 170 upper middle class 179

comparative advantage, dynamic 142, 143

Contras 42, 152, 156 poles of development 161

cordoba oro 16, 38, 44, 47, 50

De Janvry, Allain 148, 167 debt

debtors' club 82 Donors Conference in Rome 41,

50, 51, 155 external 50, 67-9, 71-4, 83 service 7, 16, 61, 70, 72, 106,

130--6 deficit

externalftrade 78, 102 fiscal/budget 30,43,46, 77-9, 84

dollarisation 47, 80

economic rents 3 rentier behaviour 20

Edwards, Sebastian 4 ENABAS 28 equilibrium

general 5, 10, 105 partial 5

196

Index 197

Esquipulas 90, 94 Arias Plan, 89, 91

exchange rates 4,9, 10,31, 38,45, 49,56, 105

devaluation 35, 59, 63 exports/export-led growth 35, 43,

63,96, 104 export tax 62, 103-5, 120 external demand constraint 6 extra-regional 6, 13, 15, 17, 90 nationalisation 168 non-traditional 17, 64, 97, 103,

104, 112, 113-14, 118, 122, 139, 161

promotion 92, 11 6-18

fmateros see agrarian reform: EI Salvador

Guatemala 2000 111, 116

IMF 21, 30, 58, 180 import substitution 141 infant industry 142 inflation (hyper) 27-30,32, 34,41,

43, 46, 152, 155, 159 hyperdevaluation 39

inter-regional trade see CACM investment (private) 13, 14, 16, 117,

155

labour coerced/forced 1,20,29 market 1-2 relations 166

land distribution 19, 28, 166, 181 market 157, 174, 182

UBOR 75,76,77,83

market failures 4 intervention/(de-)regulation 2, 3,

4,20 restrictions 140 statism 1,2

markets, extra-regional see exports: extra-regional

model export-led growth 111 of functional dualism 148 Keynesian identity/multiplier 6,

78, 129, 144 limited responsibility

cooperative 163 Selowsky and Van der Tak 7,

67-9 Montes, Segundo 178

neoclassical asumptionsjlogic 1, 4

policy credit 157, 175, 176 fiscal 5,60 economic 15, 16,42,44,54,63,

67, 75, 78, 81, 97, 113, 116, 125, 155, 156

economic instruments 2, 3; extra-economic instruments 2, 3,

21 monetary 5, 10,29,43,48, 154 optimism 35

Prosterman see agrarian reform: EI Salvador

protectionism/protectionist 6, 11, 14,99, 140

Common External Tariff 90,101, 143

Protocol of Transition 42, 153

Ray, Edward 6 recovery (scenarios) 13(}-9, 154

strategy for recovery and growth 34

Rodrik, Dan 4

savings (domestic/foreign) 6,7, 17, 20,68,70-2,74-6, 129, 130, 137

SIDA report 26. 32. 37 Somoza land. confiscated 148. 153.

158 supply-side factors 9

technical assistance 157 theory of autonomous money 29

198 Index

trade liberalisation 4, 10, II, 96, 100, 104

GAIT 97-100 GSP 96 injury test 100 MFN clause/status 96, 100 Uruguay Round 107

US policy 17,19,64,65,93-4, 167, 180

Brady Plan 15

Bush Plan 94 CBI 6, 11,94,98, 140 counter-insurgency 55 Kissinger Report 93 US aid 55 USAID 3, 13, 93, 176

Winson, Anthony 166 World Bank (Report) 2, 5, 6, 9, 10,

18, 36, 89, 101, 108, 139