173

Index

AAccept/refer/decline decision. See

RoutingAdvice, 148–150Advisory system. See AdviceAgility of decision-making, 10–13,

25–26, 123, 126–127. See also Decision yield

Algorithm, 42, 46, 52–56, 65–66, 73, 76, 88, 119, 125, 136

discovery. See Knowledge discovery, algorithms

Analytic model, 12, 73, 75–76, 87, 124, 133, 136, 142–144. See also Predictive analytics

discovery. See Knowledge discovery, analytic models

APR. See Effective Annual Percentage Rate

Application scorecard. See Scorecard, application

Approver. See Decision rolesAtomicity:

of business process activities, 16–17, 22, 82

of business rules, 110–111, 113. See also Rule set characteristics

Authority level, 26–28, 126, 147Automated decision-making. See

Decision-making, automatedAutomation scoping. See Scoping,

automation

Automation scoping document. See Scoping, document

BBack-propagation, 64Behavioral scorecard. See Scorecard,

behavioralBI. See Business intelligenceBig design up front, 100BPM. See Business process

managementBPMN. See Business Process

Modeling NotationBPMS. See Business process

management systemBRE. See Business rule engineBRG. See Business Rules GroupBRMS. See Business rules

management systemBureau data, 10, 12, 35–36, 62, 74–

75, 84–85, 102, 107–108, 130Business domain expert. See Subject

matter expertBusiness intelligence, 9, 57Business knowledge. See KnowledgeBusiness process design, 15–16,

20–33, 36–39Business process management, 15–17Business process management

system, 16–20, 28, 32, 65–68, 106, 116, 130, 136, 145, 149–150

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COPYRIG

HTED M

ATERIAL

174 ◾ Index

Business process model, 16–36, 82–83

Business Process Modeling Notation, 16–17, 24, 28, 82

Business process redesign. See Business process design

Business rule engine, 42, 45–47, 124Business rule task in BPMN, 17,

28, 82Business rules, 37, 42–53, 55, 65–67,

72–73, 88, 90, 97, 120, 123, 125–126, 128, 136–142, 148

approach, 37–38, 44discovery. See Knowledge

discovery, business rulesenforcement, 51–52examples, 43–44

Business Rules Group, 37, 50–52Business rules management system,

20, 42, 55, 58–59, 61–62, 66, 68, 87, 98, 109, 116–118, 124–126, 130, 135–136, 142, 147

Business rules manifesto, 50–52

CC4.5, 58C5.0, 58Categorical decision, 136–139Chaining, 45–47, 117–118,

124, 142Champion-challenger, 144–147Change management, 26–27, 105Characteristic. See Scorecard

characteristicCollaborative decision-making. See

Decision-making, collaborativeCompleteness, 50, 58, 110–113,

136. See also Rule set characteristics

Conflict resolution, 50, 110Conciseness, 110–111, 113. See also

Rule set characteristics

Confidentiality agreement. See Secrecy

Conjunction, 129Consistency:

of decision-making, 10–13, 18, 22, 25–26. See also Decision yield

of rules, 50, 58, 90, 110–111, 150–151. See also Rule set characteristics

Constraints:business rules as, 50–52imposed on user by decision

service, 150–152imposed on decision service by

user, 151–153Construction phase. See Rational

Unified ProcessConsultee. See Decision rolesCopyright, 5Cost of decision-making, 9–13, 15,

25, 35. See also Decision yieldCredit reference agency, 5, 10, 35–

36, 59, 62Credit score, 5, 10Credit scorecard. See Scorecard, credit

DData-directed inference. See ChainingData warehouse, 65–68Davenport, Tom, 56–57, 69Debevoise, Tom, 6, 14Decision:

implementation type, 124–126, 135–147

operational vs. strategic, 7–9, 15Decision flow, 117–119, 133Decision-making:

automated, 6–7, 9–13, 15–18, 20, 22, 25–28, 33–36, 42, 65, 82, 93–96, 101, 105, 113, 135, 147

collaborative, 147–153

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Index ◾ 175

human, 12, 22–25, 28, 32, 74, 89, 147–149

Decision management, 1, 7–13, 15–17, 20, 25–26, 37–38, 65–68, 73, 82, 90, 113, 126

Decision management cycle, 65–68Decision manager. See Decision rolesDecision Model, 74Decision patterns, 135–153Decision point, 17–20, 29–36, 51–

52, 66, 81–84, 87, 89, 136, 145rationalization, 29–33

Decision Process Specification, 22–25Decision Requirements Analysis,

71–91, 93–133, 148, 151Decision Requirements Analysis

Workshop, 79–91, 94–96, 105–107

method, 81–89resources, 79–80scheduling, 80–81

Decision Requirements Diagram, 72–81, 85–89, 93, 96–97, 99–103, 105–109, 112–113, 115–119, 121, 123–124, 126–127, 132–133, 138, 140–143, 145–147

boundaries, 77–78, 88–89, 96partitioning into increments, 77–

78, 101–103, 107, 132–133subgraphs, 116–118, 133

Decision roles, 22–27. See also Decision Process Specification

Decision service, 16–22, 25–28, 32, 35–39, 42, 46, 52–53, 57, 66–68, 72–74, 77, 79–83, 88–89, 93–99, 106–107, 112–113, 116–125, 127–128, 130–133, 135–137, 140, 145–153

design, 115–124design goals, 20–22implementation, 124–133

Decision support, 148–153Decision table, 46–48, 50, 61, 74,

76, 85, 111, 125, 145–147Decision tree, 46–50, 57–59, 61,

111–112Decision yield, 10–13, 25, 95, 126Deduction, 57. See also InferenceDe Ferranti, Sebastian, 62–63Deployment phase. See Project

management, waterfall approach

Design:of business processes. See Business

process designof decision services. See Decision

service designpatterns. See Decision patterns

Design phase. See Project management, waterfall approach

Development phase. See Project management, waterfall approach

Diminishing returns, law of, 2, 4Discovery. See Knowledge discoveryDisjunction, 110, 129DRA. See Decision Requirements

AnalysisDRAW. See Decision Requirements

Analysis WorkshopDRD. See Decision Requirements

DiagramDWH. See Data warehouse

EEAR. See Effective Annual Percentage

RateEconomic growth theory. See Growth

theory, economicEDM. See Decision managementEffective Annual Percentage Rate,

54–55

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176 ◾ Index

Elaboration phase, 104–107, 125, 128. See also Rational Unified Process

Encapsulation, 10–13, 15, 17–18, 21–22, 36–37, 39, 41–68, 93, 99, 106, 115, 124, 132

Enforcement. See Business rules, enforcement

Enterprise decision management. See Decision management

Estimation, 94–99, 104EU-Rent, 52Exceptions, 25–26, 87, 91, 136,

138–142, 147Excludability of goods, 4–5Exclusions. See Scorecard exclusionsExecutable model, 17, 42, 44–45,

58–59, 61–62, 76, 99, 126Explanation. See Reasons

FFact model. See Object modelFair, Bill, 59Fair Isaac Corporation, 10, 59,

94–95Fair Isaac Rational Unified Process,

94Feasibility assessment, 79, 94–97FICO. See Fair Isaac CorporationFIRUP. See Fair Isaac Rational Unified

ProcessFord, Henry, 131Forgy, Charles, 46, 69

GGilovich, Thomas, 69Goal-directed inference. See ChainingGoldberg, Larry, 74, 91Graham, Ann, 57Graham, Ian, 20, 39, 44, 69Griffin, Dale W., 69Growth theory, economic:

neoclassical, 1–2new, 1–5

HHarris, Jeanne, 57, 69Hinton, Geoffrey E., 69Human roles:

in business processes. See Decision roles

in collaborative decision-making. See Decision-making, collaborative

remapping in automation, 22, 26–27, 32. See also Training

IID3, 58IKBS. See Knowledge-based systemILP. See Inductive logic programmingImplementation. See Decision service

implementationImplementation type. See Decision,

implementation typeInception phase. See Rational Unified

ProcessIncrement. See Project management,

iterative approachIndependence, 44, 50, 110–111,

137, 140. See also Rule set characteristics

Induction, 57–59, 65Inductive logic programming, 57–58Inference:

data-directed vs goal-directed. See Chaining

engine. See Business rule enginestrategy, 45–46

Informee. See Decision rolesInheritance, 45Initial operational capability

milestone. See Milestone, initial operational capability

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Index ◾ 177

Inspector. See Decision rolesInstantiation, 45Integration testing. See Testing,

integrationIntellectual property right, 5Intelligent knowledge-based system.

See Knowledge-based systemInteraction between variables, 61IPR. See Intellectual property rightIsaac, Earl, 59Iteration. See Project management,

iterative approachIterative project management. See

Project management, iterative approach

JJones, Charles, 4, 14

KKahneman, Daniel, 69KBS. See Knowledge-based systemKey performance indicator, 13Knowledge, 1–13, 15, 17–18, 20–

22, 25, 37–39, 41–68, 71–79, 85–89, 93, 96–100, 102–103, 106, 115–118, 120, 124–125, 131, 136, 138, 141–146

Knowledge-based system, 42Knowledge configuration, 126–128Knowledge discovery, 38, 72–74,

88–90, 97, 99–103, 106–115algorithms, 109, 113analytic models, 109, 113–115business rules, 109–113workbook, 108–109

Knowledge economy, 5–7Knowledge maintenance, 44, 46,

88, 98, 106, 110, 115, 120, 123–128, 131–132

Knowledge production line, 131–133

Konnersman, Paul, 23–25, 39Kotter, John, 26, 39KPI. See Key performance indicator

LLevels of authority. See Authority

levelLifecycle architecture milestone.

See Milestone, Lifecycle architecture

Lifecycle objectives milestone. See Milestone, Lifecycle objectives

Lucas, Robert, 2–5, 14

MMachine learning, 6–7, 42Macroeconomics. See Growth theory,

economicMeta-ideas, 7Methodology. See Decision

Requirements AnalysisMilestone. See also Rational Unified

Processinitial operational capability,

105lifecycle architecture, 105, 128lifecycle objectives, 104product release, 105

MLP. See Multi-layer PerceptronMONIAC, 2–3Morison, Robert, 57, 69Muggleton, Stephen, 57, 69Multi-layer Perceptron, 63–64

NNash, John, 13–14, 57, 59, 69Neoclassical growth theory. See

Growth theory, economicNeural network, 57, 62–64New growth theory. See Growth

theory, economicNon-linear model, 64

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178 ◾ Index

OObject Management Group, 16–17,

39, 52, 69Object model, 44–45, 47, 52, 88, 95,

112, 115, 119–125, 131, 138–139, 141, 143–144, 146, 153

design, 119–124OMG. See Object Management GroupOntology. See Object modelOperational decision. See Decision,

operational vs. strategicOrchestration, 17. See also Business

process management systemOriginations, 12, 33–36, 81–82,

95, 136process template, 33–36, 82, 136

Outside-in approach, 37–39Override. See Constraints imposed on

decision service by user

PPatent, 5, 7Patterns. See Decision patternsPerceptron. See Multi-layer

PerceptronPhillips, Bill, 2–3Planning. See Project management,

project planningPrecision:

of decision making, 10–13, 25–26. See also Decision yield

of rules, 110. See also Rule set characteristics

Predictive analytics, 6, 42, 56–68. See also Analytic model

Procedure. See AlgorithmProcedure, successive approximation,

53–55Product release milestone. See

Milestone, product releaseProduction line. See Knowledge

production line

Production rule, 50–52. See also Business rules

Project management, 71–72, 77–79iterative approach, 94, 98–99,

101–109, 132project planning, 67–68, 72, 77,

89, 99–107waterfall approach, 94, 99–101,

106Pseudocode, 53, 56

QQuinlan, Ross, 58, 69

RRadar chart, 10–11Raden, Neil, 37Rational Software, 104, 133Rational Unified Process, 94, 104–

107, 125, 128, 132–133Reasons, 18, 23, 136–141Referral, 22, 28–36, 50, 84, 130,

136–137, 141, 147–148. See also Routing

Requirements phase. See Project management, waterfall approach

Reuse, 95, 113, 115–117, 120, 125–126, 131, 135–136, 138, 144

Rete algorithm, 46Return on investment, 9–10, 13Rhode, Frank, 9, 14Rivalry of goods, 4–5ROI. See Return on investmentRomer, Paul, 4–5, 7, 14Rosenberger, Larry, 13–14, 57,

59, 69Ross, Ronald, 37–39, 44, 68–69,

109, 133Routing, 18, 29, 32, 36, 43, 50–52,

83–84, 136–138, 148. See also Referral, Triage

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Index ◾ 179

Rule. See Business rulesRule flow. See Decision flowRule induction. See InductionRule metaphor, 46–50, 61, 73, 111–

112, 125, 136Rule service. See Decision serviceRule set, 44, 46–50, 52–53, 57–59,

61–62, 76, 103, 110–113, 125, 133, 136–138, 141, 144–145

characteristics, 110–111Rummelhart, David, 69RUP. See Rational Unified Process

SSBVR. See Semantics of Business

Vocabulary and Business RulesSchwartz, Mort, 59Scoping:

automation, 67–68, 71–72, 77–79, 88–89, 94–99, 101, 104–107, 112–113

contractual, 94–95document, 89–91, 95–96, 106–

107, 133Score. See Credit scoreScorecard, 57–62, 64, 76, 108,

114–115, 142–144application, 61–62behavioral, 62credit, 62segmented, 142–144. See also

SegmentationScorecard characteristic, 59–62Scorecard exclusions, 115Secrecy, 5–6Segmentation, 48, 61. See also

Scorecard, segmentedSemantics of Business Vocabulary

and Business Rules, 52, 69Service:

stateless, 18–19, 119stateful, 19

web. See Web serviceService-oriented architecture, 19–20SME. See Subject matter expertSpeed of decision-making, 10–13,

25. See also Decision yieldSOA. See Service-oriented

architectureSolow, Robert, 2,14Straight-through processing, 25–28,

33–35, 136, 148Strategic decision. See Decision,

operational vs. strategicStrategy. See Champion-challengerSubgraphs. See Decision

Requirements Diagram, subgraphs

Subprocess, 16, 18Successive approximation. See

Procedure, successive approximation

Subject matter expert, 89–91, 98, 112, 124, 126–127, 131–132

Symmetry of rules and trees, 48Swan, Trevor, 2, 14

TTaylor, James, 7, 13–14, 37, 39Testing, 64, 66, 97–102, 105–107,

112, 123–125, 127–131, 144integration, 125, 128unit, 128–130user, 112, 130

Testing phase. See Project management, waterfall approach

Text mining, 6Top-down approach, 38, 68, 72–72,

87, 115, 121, 125, 135with look-ahead, 38, 87, 121, 125

Towers, Steve, 37–39Traceability, 94, 132–133Trade secret. See Secrecy

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180 ◾ Index

Training, 8, 12, 26–27, 105–106Transition phase. See Rational

Unified ProcessTriage, 148. See also Routing

UUML. See Unified Modeling LanguageUnified Modeling Language, 74Unit testing. See Testing, unitUser testing. See Testing, user

VValue of knowledge:

in economic theory, 1–7. See also Growth theory, economic

in decision-making, 7–13. See also Decision yield

Von Halle, Barbara, 44, 69, 74, 91

WWaterfall. See Project management,

waterfall approachWeb service, 20, 125Web Services Description Language,

125Williams, Ronald J., 69Workshop. See Decision

Requirements Analysis Workshop

WSDL. See Web Services Description Language

XXML Schema Definition, 121–122,

139, 141, 143, 145XSD. See XML Schema Definition

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