1

Bio 2

Lecture

Exam 3

Package

2

What is an Animal?

Development

Zygote

Morula

Blastula

Gastrula

Blastopore:

Archenteron:

Tissue Layers:

Origin of Animals

3

Animal Phylogeny (DNA Evidence)

4

Organization Level

Cellular vs. Tissue Level

Body Symmetry

Radial vs. Bilateral

Body Cavities:

Acoelomates:

Pseudocoelomates:

Eucoelomates:

Advantages of a Coelom:

5

Development:

Protostomes:

Cleavage Pattern:

Spiral:

Determinate:

Coelom formation:

Schizocoelous:

Blastopore Fate:

Phyla:

Deuterostomes:

Cleavage Pattern:

Radial:

Indeterminate:

Coelom formation:

Enterocoelous:

Blastopore Fate:

Phyla:

6

Points of Agreement:

Protostome Clades:

Ecdysozoans:

Lophotrochozoans:

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Animal Structure:

Tissues:

Epidermal:

Cell layers:

Simple:

Stratified

Pseudostratified

Shape of Cells

Cuboidal

Columnar

Squamous

Connective:

Collagenous Fibers

Elastic Fibers

Reticular Fibers

Loose Connective Tissue

Adipose Tissue

Fibrous Connective Tissue

Blood

8

Nervous:

Muscle:

Skeletal:

Cardiac:

Smooth:

9

Phylum: Porifera

Cell types:

Choanocytes:

Amoebocytes:

Digestion:

Skeletal Structure:

Spicules:

Spongin:

Water Movement:

Asconoid:

Syconoid:

Leuconoid:

Classification:

Calcarea:

Hexactinellidae:

Demospongiae:

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Phylum: Cnidaria

Body Forms:

Digestion:

Nerve Net:

Nematocysts:

Cnidiocytes:

Cnidocils:

Intracellular Digestion:

Animal Nutrition:

Undernourished

Overnourished

Malnourished

Essential Nutrients

Amino Acids:

Fatty Acids:

Vitamins:

Minerals

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Food Types

Heterotrophic:

Herbivores:

Carnivores:

Omnivores:

Insectivores:

Feeding Adaptations:

Suspension Feeders:

Substrate Feeders:

Fluid Feeders:

Bulk Feeders:

Classification:

Class: Hydrozoa -

Class: Scyphozoa-

Class: Anthozoa-

Class: Cubozoa-

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Phylum: Ctenophora

Phylum: Platyhelminthes

Extracellular Digestion:

Gastrovascular Cavity:

Nervous System:

Ocelli:

Auricles:

Ganglia and Longitudinal Nerve Cord

Excretion of Nitrogenous Waste

Ammonia:

Urea:

Uric Acid:

Protonephridia:

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Classification:

Class: Turbellaria

Class: Monogenea

Class: Trematoda

Schistosoma:

Clonorchis:

Swimmer’s dermatitis:

Class: Cestoidea

Taenia saginatus:

Taenia solium:

Diphyllobothrium latum:

Dipylidium caninum:

Echinococcus:

Phylum: Nemertea

Phylum: Rotifera

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Lophophorate Phyla

Phylum: Ectoprocta

Phylum: Phoronids

Phylum: Brachiopods

Phylum: Mollusca

Body Plan:

Metanephridia:

Circulation in Animals:

Nervous System:

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Classification:

Class: Monoplacophora

Class: Polyplacophora

Class: Gastropoda

Class: Scaphopoda

Class: Bivalvia

Class: Cephalopoda

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Phylum: Annelida

Alimentary Canal:

– Mouth

– Pharynx

– Esophagus

– Crop

– Gizzard

– Stomach

– Intestine

– Anus

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Cardiovascular System:

Heart – atria & ventricles

Arteries

Arterioles

Capillaries

Venules

Veins

In Annelids:

Nervous System:

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Classification:

Class: Polychaeta

Clade: Errantia

Clade: Sedentia

Class: Clitellata

Clasde: Oligochaeta

Clade: Hirudinea:

Phylum: Onychophora