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MIT OpenCourseWarehttp://ocw.mit.edu

16.982 Bio-Inspired StructuresSpring 2009

For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms .

http://ocw.mit.edu/http://ocw.mit.edu/termshttp://ocw.mit.edu/termshttp://ocw.mit.edu/termshttp://ocw.mit.edu/

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Leo Daniel Ph.D. MLK Visiting Professor

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Why Take This Course? Bio Inspired Struc

Course Objective-

You will learn about: -

Bio-Inspired Morphing Structures

Bio-Ins ired Nano Structures

Bio-Inspired Intelligent Structures

Novel Bio-Inspired Device Concepts

This course will help you to: Use Bio-Structures for Engineering Design

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h f l l

Required text: There is no basic text book for the course due to the interdisciplinnature

of the topics covered. Course handouts, suggested reading, and prfrom invited guest speakers covers most lecture to a er a s e ec on n ec an ca es gn, c ae s y, sev er,

Optional Material:

Stealing Ideas from Nature, JFV Vincent, Springer, 2001

Biomimetic Synthesis of Nanoparticles. InEncyc ope ia o InorganicChemistry Slocik,J.M.; Knecht, M.R.; John Wiley and Sons Lt

New York NY 2005

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GRADING

The research proposal should:i) Summarize the state of knowledge of the topic, ii) Identify critical unresolved science and/or technol iii) Propose specific new research, for a 3 year period

these critical issues.

g

You will prepare a literature review on a topic related to bioinspired structures.

Confirm the topic area of the literature review with the course instructors andsubmit to me by Lec #7.

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GRADING

The proposal text should be organized as follows:

1. Cover Page (with title of proposal and names of c .

3. Introduction and Background (7-10 pages).

5. Proposed Research (10 pages)

.

g

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GRADING

The grade will be as follows: ,

25% for quizzes, and

literature review, to be conducted on at the end of the s

The presentations must be prepared as power point

g

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Tentative Invited Guest Speakers

Professor Mary Boyce, MITMECHE

Professor Christine Ortiz, MIT, Materials

Professor Paul Lagace, MIT, Aero-AstroProfessor Brian Wardle, MIT, Aero-Astro

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Fossil image and artist rendering of archaeopteryx lithographica removed due to copyright restrictions.Reece, Jane, and Neil Campbell. Biology . 6th ed. San Francisco, CA: Benjamin Cummings, 2001. ISBN: 9780805366242.

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Artist renderings of archaeopteryx lithographica removed due to copyright restrictions.

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Natural selection played important role in refining thewings. Type of habitat a flying animal lives in and the

way it exploits that habitat are closely related to itsbody size, wing form, flight style, and flight energetics.

Image by hickoryhollow113 on Flickr.Image from FirstPeople.us .

Image by wwarby on Flickr.

Image by Lip Kee on Flickr.

http://www.flickr.com/photos/hannah_hill/3552339577/http://www.firstpeople.us/pictures/eagles/1024x768/Bald-Eagle-Fearsome-Flight-1024x768.htmlhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/wwarby/3302574437/http://www.flickr.com/photos/lipkee/1728699469/http://www.flickr.com/photos/wwarby/3302574437/http://www.flickr.com/photos/lipkee/1728699469/http://www.flickr.com/photos/hannah_hill/3552339577/http://www.firstpeople.us/pictures/eagles/1024x768/Bald-Eagle-Fearsome-Flight-1024x768.html

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Figure by MIT OpenCourseWare.

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History of flight

Icarus (Greek mythology)

Leonardo Da Vinci observed birds fortwenty years and designed bird-like flying

machine.

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Wright Brothers (Dec. 17, 1903)

Before their successful flight, they observedbirds to study their mechanisms of flight. Theydetermined they needed to adjust the angle atthe end of their wings for control, mimicking howbirds bend their outer feathers. In order to

achieve angle adjustment, they used amechanical wing warping method. Through aseries of wires and pulleys they were able tocontrol their airplane. As aviation progressedailerons, rudders, and elevators replaced theWright brothers method of pulling wires.

Diagram of Wright Brothers flyer removed due to copyright restrictions.

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/wright/flye-nf.htmlhttp://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/wright/flye-nf.html

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Images removed due to copyright restrictions.

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Smart Joint Mechanism A DepartureFrom Biology

Figure by MIT OpenCourseWare.

Inspired by shore bird morphing wingstudies and energetic inefficiencies, the Smart

Joint will provide actuation and an actively rigidstructural member in a low p profile envelop pewithout the need for tendon actuators

Compos ite of SMA, SMP, nichrome todecouple heating

SMA-actuated,tendon basedtendon based

deflections

SMPRigid skeleton SMA corecoreactuation

Three step heating/cooling process to transitionbetween cooled states

Figure 6 from http://lims.mae.cornell.edu/projects/

batwin s.html

Figure 5 from http://lims.mae.cornell.edu/projects/

batwings.html

Images removed due tocopyright restrictions.

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Diamond. Each carbon atom is bonded to

four others in a tetrahedral fashion.

C60 Buckyball.

Biomimetics and nanotechnology

Graphite. The ball and stick model ofgraphite indicates the closely-packednature of the carbon atoms. The layers

of carbon in graphite are 335 pm apart,approximately twice as long as the C-CFigure by MIT OpenCourseWare. bond distance of 142 pm.

Carbon nanotube.The molecules vary inlength from a fewnanometers to amicrometer or more.

Images courtesy of Open Chemistry

http://openchemistry.co.uk/http://openchemistry.co.uk/

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Natural Multifunctional Material: An Example

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Bio Inspired Structure Grand Challenge

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CHALLENGES

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Bio Structure: Power Fibers

Images of PowerFiber from http://www.darpa.mil/dso/thrusts/matdev/smfm/itn.html removed due to copyright restrictions.

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Autophagous Self-consuming) Structure

Image removed due to copyright restrictions.