BIOMEDICAL WASTE

MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

PRESENTED BY:RASHMI VAISH , MBA-HAHC (II Tri)

DIBYA DWIVEDI , MBA-FM (II Tri)

Let the waste of the “sick” not contaminate the lives of “The Healthy”

CONTENT• Definition• Categories of Biomedical Waste• Problem associated with Biomedical waste• Need for Biomedical Waste Management• Treatment techniques• Biomedical waste management in India• Environmental legislation• Conclusion

Biomedical Waste (BMW) is…

• Solid waste generated during the diagnosis, testing, treatment, research or production of biological products for humans or animals (WHO)

• WHO estimates

– 85% of hospital waste is non-hazardous– 10% is infectious– 5% is non-infectious but consists of hazardous chemicals like

methylchloride and formaldehyde.

TYPES OF BIOMEDICAL WASTESWASTE CATEGORY TYPE OF WASTE

Category No. 1 Human Anatomical Waste

Category No. 2 Animal Waste

Category No. 3 Microbiology & Biotechnology Waste

Category No. 4 Waste Sharps

Category No. 5Discarded Medicine and Cytotoxic drugs

Category No. 6 Soiled Waste

Category No. 7 Solid Waste

Category No. 8 Liquid Waste

Category No. 9 Incineration Ash

Category No.10 Chemical Waste

Waste Sharps eg: Needles

Human anatomical waste

Discarded medicines

Solid waste eg: cotton swabs

Pharmaceutical Waste

PROBLEM ASSOCIATED WITH BMWORGANISM DISEASES CAUSED RELATED WASTE ITEM

VIRUSES HIV, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis A,C, Arboviruses, Enteroviruses

AIDS, Infectious Hepatitis,Infectious Hepatitis,Dengue, Japaneseencephalitis, tick-bornefevers, etc.

Infected needles, bodyFluids, Human excreta, soiled linen, Blood, body fluids.

BACTERIASalmonella typhi, Vibrio cholerae, Clostridium Tetani, Pseudomonas, Streptococcus

Typhoid, Cholera, TetanusWound infections,septicemia, rheumaticfever, endocarditis, skinand soft tissue infections

Human excreta andbody fluid in landfills andhospital wards, Sharps such as needles, surgical blades in hospital waste.

PARASITESWucheraria Bancrofti, Plasmodium

Cutaneous leishmaniasis,Kala Azar, Malaria

Human excreta, blood andbody fluids in poorlymanaged sewage system ofhospitals.

NEED FOR BMW MANAGMENTNosocomial infections in patients from poor

infection control practices and poor waste management.

Drugs which have been disposed of, being repacked and sold off to unsuspecting buyers.

Risk of air, water and soil pollution directly due to waste, or due to defective incineration emissions and ash.

Risk of infection outside hospital for waste handlers and scavengers, other peoples.

TECHNIQUESSEGREGATION :- to segregate the wastes.

Colour Coding Type of Container

Yellow Plastic Bag

 Red Disinfected container/Plastic bag

Blue/White Translucent

Plastic Bag / punch proof containers

Black Plastic Bag

TRANSPORTATION

• Transportation of BMW can be divided into internal and external transportation.

• INTERNAL: it is for yellow ,red ,blue and white bags.

• EXTERNAL: it is for the general waste collected in the black coloured plastic bags.

TREATMENT AND DISPOSALPROCEDURES MAIN FUNCTION

Incineration burn trash and other types of waste until it is reduced to ash.

Autoclaving and Shredding It uses a combination of heat, steam and pressure.

Chemical treatment Using sodium hypochlorite solution, bleaching powder, savlon and then discharged into drains/sewers

Irradiation technique Involve the expose to UV radiation and ionizing radiation

Bio medical waste management in India

Biomedical waste (management and handling) rule 1998, prescribed by The Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt of India, came into force on 20th July 1998. This rule applies to those who generate, collect, receive, store, dispose, treat or handle bio medical waste in any manner.Thus bio medical waste should be segregated into containers/bags at the point of generation of waste. Thus Colour Coding & type of containers used for disposal of waste is came into existence which is shown as follows. 12

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Environmental Legislation

The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 The Biomedical Waste (Management & Handling)

Rules, 1998 The Municipal Solid Waste (Management & Handling)

Rules, 2000 The Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling)

Rules, 1989 The National Environmental Tribunal Act, 1995 The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981

CONCLUSION• Safe and effective management of waste is not only

a legal necessity but also a social responsibility.• Proper collection and segregation of biomedical

waste.• Try to reduce the waste generation. • Individual awareness and participation.• Use recycle products.• Label with agent, concentration and

hazard warnings.• Communicate about workplace hazards.

ANY QUERY ???