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BIO-TECHTHE TECHNOLOGY BASED ON BIOLOGY

YOUR QUICK GUIDE TO A COURSE IN

Biotechnology Biotechnology Course Review Course Review

2 3E-BOOK E-BOOKCAREERS360 CAREERS360

CONTENTS1. Introduction 03

2. Who Can Study Biotechnology And Where? 05

3. How do I Select the Right College? 06

4. How to Prepare for Entrance Exams 08

5. Programmes on Offer 09

5. How do I succeed in this field? 11

7. Job Prospects 12

8. Top Biotech Schools in India (Public Sector) 15

9. Top Biotech Schools in India (Private Sector) 16

10. Globally Best Schools in different sectors of BT 16

11. Career Options in Biotechnology (Reckoner) 17

INTRODUCTION

Ever wondered, why we resemble our sib-lings or parents so much? Or imagined taking the school bus fuelled by plants?

Eating golden rice? The knowledge of Biotech-nology answers all this and more. It is the science we have grown up with, in our kitchens. The for-mation of curd, conversion of dough into bread, milk into cheese all are its products.

In simple terms, one learns the tools (technol-ogy) to make biology (bacteria, plants, etc) solve the problems of health and environment. The study can be broadly sub-divided into colour codes. Green biotechnology deals with agricul-ture; Red pertains to its medical applications. Aquatic or marine biotechnology is classified as Blue biotechnology while White biotechnology refers to the use of this science for all industrial purposes.

Biotechnology employs living organisms (or parts of organisms) to make or modify products,

FAST FACTSProgramme: BSc/B.Tech Eligibility: 10+ 2 (PCB for BSc/PCM for B.Tech) Duration: 3 years (BSc)/4 years (B.Tech)/5 years (B.Tech/M.Tech) Course Fee: Low (public-funded institutions)/High (Private Institutions) Best Institutes for Undergraduation: IIT (Roorkee, Delhi, Guwahati)/ GGS Indraprastha University, Delhi/ Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai/ Jamia Millia Islamia University, New Delhi/Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Noida Job Roles: (For those with higher qualification) Biotechnologist, Scientist, Vaccine Technologist, Bioinformatician, Quality Control Analyst, and Biomedical Engineer. Freshers can join as Clinical Research Associate etc. Earning Potential: Depends on qualification and experience Employers: Shantha Biotech, Bharat Biotech, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratory (DRL), Ranbaxy Laboratories, Wockhardt Ltd, Monsanto, DuPont, Novartis, Avesthagen, contract research organisations (CROs) etc.

BIOTECHNOLOGY AS A DOMAIN HAS UNDERGONE A SEA CHANGE IN THE LAST DECADES. HERE’S A LOOK INTO WHAT IT IS ALL ABOUT...

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improve plants or animals, or develop microorganisms for specific uses. It is a research-oriented science, a combination of Biology and Technology.

It covers a wide variety of subjects like Genetics, Biochemistry, Microbiol-ogy, Immunology, Virology, Chemistry and Engineering. It also has relation-ships with many other subjects like Health and Medicine, Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Cropping system and Crop Management, Ecology, Cell Biology, Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Bio-statistics, Plant Physiol-ogy, Seed Technology and the like. Biotechnology is the use of living things, especially cells and bacteria in industrial process.

“Biotechnology is a dynamic and multidisciplinary field. With advances in nanotechnology – the influence of biotechnology has reached biochemical, biomolecular and bioinformatics areas,” says Dr Dinesh Goyal, Professor of Biotechnology at Thapar University.

WHO CAN STUDY BIOTECHNOLOGY?

Does Biology interest you? A student opting for PCB may aim for a three-year BSc course in Biotechnology.

However, students aspiring for a B.Tech degree require Mathematics (PCM) in 10+2.

The umbrella of biotechnology covers not just human biology but also plant, animal and micro-bial studies. The base is built on the fundamen-tals of Physics and Chemistry at 10+2 level.

Where can I study?After completing 10+2 with PCB/PCM as sci-ence options, a student may apply for a BSc/B.Tech programme.

Jadavpur University, Kolkata pioneers in food biotechnology. Premier institutes like IITs have designed a meticulous curriculum for graduation

BIOTECHNOLOGY IS BUILT ON THE BASIC FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY. BUT YOU NEED MATHS AT 10+2 TO PURSUE B.TECH

Biotechnology


Biotechnology Course Review

in Biotechnology. Experts from engineering and biological fields have been the driving force behind its robust education in India. This has inspired Department of Biotechnology to fund a number of top-class institutes. They include Jawaharlal Nehru University, Banaras Hindu University, University of Hyderabad, Hindu University, and Pondicherry University, which offer Master’s and PhD.

Technological advancements and growing demand for Biotechnologists have led to an upsurge of well-equipped private institutions in India. They enable students to convey scientific ideas into a reality by providing world-class facilities and hands-on training. The students are also educated on soft skills essential to excel in a global world.

How do I select the right college?The sheer number of institutions available in this field can overwhelm stu-dents. It is essential to select an institution that makes students ‘industry-ready’. Here are some tips:

1. Recognition: Some of the top recruiters eye graduates from IITs. This is mainly because of the experienced faculty involved in the training process. The course curriculum at IITs is designed to encompass all the areas of diversified scientific field. The graduates are well equipped with soft skills and hands-on experience.

2. Faculty: Highly experienced and qualified teachers are the backbone of a reputed institution. A higher ratio of PhDs to non-PhDs points to the high standards of research capabilities of the institute. A scientific environment will prevail in such institutions. This is crucial for the overall learning experi-ence of a science student.

3. Infrastructure: A well-equipped laboratory is indispensable for learning

the concepts of Biotechnology. It allows students to transform theory into practical experiments.

4. Mode of teaching: A scientific field requires learning by doing things. Prominent institutes like IITs focus on analytic thinking. They promote par-ticipation of students in scientific discussions and live projects.

5. Interaction with Industry: Most research ideas translate into beneficial products. It is important to learn various stages of trials and regulations guid-ing this process. Generally, the faculty serves as a subject-expert consultant to several industrial projects. Recommendations and insights by such leaders are helpful while embarking on a career.



HOW TO PREPARE FOR ENTRANCE EXAMS?

PROGRAMMES ON OFFER IN BIOTECHNOLOGY

The preparation will vary according to the course that you wish to take up. The main topics for the entrance exams at the

undergraduate level include basic topics of phys-ics, chemistry, mathematics and biology. You must have in depth knowledge of concepts to clear the entrance exams. Cultivating the abil-ity to think logically will give you an edge in the entrances. The best way to prepare is to solve question papers from previous years. Coaching centers might help, but be wary of institutes that promise you a 15-day crash course to success.

You can join a B.Tech programme offered by IITs through joint Entrance Examination (Advanced). Students seeking admission to Institutes like Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune and Amity University have to fulfill institute-specific admission requirements.

Dual Degrees: The field of Biotechnology requires intensive hands-on and pro-ject training experience. Several insti-

tutes like IIT Delhi and Amity University offer a 5-year B.Tech-M.Tech programme, amongst others. The integrated programme equips stu-dents with a high level of expertise in handling instruments and executing research. The Indian Institute of Science also offers an integrated 5-year PhD programme after a BSc.

What is the course structure?The course work of 4-year B.Tech degree pro-vides excellent research opportunities across departments at IITs. IIT Guwahati clearly struc-tures it into core subjects and electives. Subjects like physics, chemistry, biochemistry, cell and molecular biology, microbiology form the core disciplines of study. Electives are vast and var-ied in this interdisciplinary field. IIT Roorkee offers electives ranging from Bioinformatics to

ADMISSION TO UG PROGRAMMES IS BASED ON NATIONAL TESTS SUCH AS JEE (MAINS & ADVANCED) OR INSTITUTE-SPECIFIC TESTS...

FROM BSC OR B.TECH TO POSTGRADUATE COURSES OR PHD PROGRAMMES, THIS FIELD OFFERS YOU A NUMBER OF OPTIONS...



HOW DO I SUCCEED IN THIS FIELD?

You can definitely succeed in this diverse field if you keep these points in mind: Domain Knowledge: In a science-based

industry like biotech you need in depth knowl-edge of the field of study.

Research Skills: This field involves a high level of research function. So the primary requirement is an analytical mind and lots of patience. As a researcher, you must have the ability to persevere with a problem for long periods of time without getting tired. The ability to quickly assess the level of difficulty in a problem is equally impor-tant for you to excel.

Drafting Skills: Since biotechnology is a heavily IP-based industry, you must have the ability to work on research finding, without impinging on previous protected research. The skill to com-municate precisely is also very important.

AN IN DEPTH KNOWLEDGE OF THE FIELD AND CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE COURSE WILL HELP YOU GO FAR....

Nanobiotechnology. This discipline, which is practical and experimental in nature, offers excellent learning environment for young researchers.

What after graduation?MSc (Biotechnology): This is a very popular course. Any graduate in biology or related sciences is eligible to apply. There are two major entrance exams for the course. JNU holds an All-India Combined Biotechnology Entrance Exam on behalf of 53 universities for MSc and M.Tech. According to exam admission director, Prof Rajeev Bhatt, the major demand is for General Biotechnology. IITs admit through a Joint Admissions Test for IITs. Most good private sector universities have their own independent examinations. Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) conducts an All India exam for admission to MSc Plant Biotechnology across various state universities

PhD (Biotechnology)It is essential to have a PhD in Biotechnology if you are are seeking a career in research. Most of the top institutions offer you the option to pursue research studies. A valid GATE score (for engineering graduates) or a high score in the UGC-JRF or a CSIR or ICMR fellowship would ease your entry. It will also provide you with good fellowships. Most of the institutes offer part-time teaching/research assistance to candidates unable to obtain a fellowship. Many students also try and obtain their PhD from foreign universities as well.

MBA (Biotechnology)This is a recent entrant among MBA degrees. It usually requires a candidate to have a Bachelor’s degree in biological or related sciences. MBA (Biotech-nology) will enable you to move into business functions in a biotech company. Institutions like Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies, Mumbai and Pune University offer such degrees.

Biotechnology



Soft Skills: Research involves multidisciplinary teams from multiple geog-raphies. They work and collaborate in real time. So ability to work as a team is crucial for a successful career.

Job ProspectsA number of diversified job opportunities are available to Biotechnology graduates. This ranges from an intense lab-based research interest to on-field business management.

Industrial jobs in agricultural and medical domains are booming for Bio-technology graduates in India. Medical biotechnology occupies a large mar-ket share of 70 percent, giving boost to the industry in India. “As a medical biotechnologist, I dig deep inside the cell and handle dangerous pathogens, micro organisms, chemicals to arrive at origin of disease,” shares Saurabh Sharma, 27, a biotechnologist at AIIMS, New Delhi. So, if a TB bacterium is multiplying inside the body, Saurabh finds the way to block TB multiplica-tion. “For instance, I locate which protein inside TB bacteria can harm body. We destroy it by poisoning the protein,” he shares

If you are keen on taking up research as a career, you can follow a Master’s route to attaining a PhD. Scientists in this field receive huge funding in the form of scholarships from government organizations like Council of Scien-tific & Industrial Research, Indian Council for Medical Research, Depart-ment of Atomic energy and Department of Biotechnology.

A potential area of research is agricultural biotechnology. After the success in BT cotton, there are attempts to go for BT products in food crops. The manpower required for this activity is derived mostly from plant breeding and botany. “I design markers to improve the quality of plants. For instance, I mark a particular plant DNA suggesting that it shows disease-resistant quality,” shares Ngangkham Umakanta, a plant biotechnologist at Indian

Agricultural Research Institute (IARI). “Biotechnologists perform different roles in our company – finding genes, transforming tissue culture, evaluat-ing condition of plants in green house, data analytics section where all data comes together,” shares Dr Anuradha Subramaniam, Lead, Regulatory Science at DuPont Pioneer, a global company which develops and supplies genetically modified crops.

Agricultural biotechnology has benefitted India immensely. “Ever since we introduced foreign genes into plants, that is, genetically modified crops, we have moved to a second Green Revolution. Our food production has increased – basmati rice production has gone up by using biotechnology markers. The recent discovery of BT Cotton (tolerant to insects), grown over the country, is a major hit. India has gone from importing cotton to export-ing it. Our innovation has helped farmers generate profits, a respite for those who work endlessly in farming,” says Dr Srinivasan, Director of National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology.

Biofertiliser and biopestisides industry is another promising sector. The current emphasis on developing bio-fuels as an alternate source of fuel will also lead to demand for biotechnologists. Opportunities are also there for graduates in petro-chemical industries.

Industrial microbiology is another major area of research for develop-ment of new products for the pharmaceutical industry. Existing industries like sugar and distilleries also need contribution from tissue culture and bio-inputs. Prof Rakesh Bhatnagar, Dean, School of Biotechnology, JNU strongly feels that anything you make in the lab must support industry. “My students spend last two semesters entirely in labs. It’s easy to read about cloning genes in books. Unless, you clone through own hands you will not reach the core of the subject. Instead of group projects, we give individuals live projects,” shares Prof. Bhatnagar.



Many graduates go on to acquire a managerial role in manufacturing, qual-ity control, regulatory and intellectual property (IP) affairs and retail. After completing an MSc Biotechnology at Thapar University, Megha Mehta joined Panacea Biotec, a vaccine manufacturing company. As a Quality Assurance Executive, her job involved environmental monitoring of vaccine manufacturing unit. “I checked the environmental quality of the unit, which demanded various levels of inspection - microbiology testing, integrity test-ing of the filters,” informs Mehta. After a four-year stint, she joined as Phar-maco Vigilant Specialist at Quantum Solutions India, where she checks the quality of drugs A business management degree at postgraduate level can help those with a BSc in Biotechnology evolve as industry experts.

International appealBiotechnology course gives graduates an opportunity to explore various dimensions of biological systems and modify them to benefit our environ-ment. It is internationally acclaimed and highly reputed institutes and research institutions engage in education and innovation.

Students with specialisation in Biotechnology are readily accepted at sev-eral research centers in Universities abroad. These specialisations include medical biotechnology, microbiology, bioinformatics, computational biology, etc.

Some of the big international players in pharmaceutical and agricultural sector have biotechnology set-ups such as Monsanto, DuPont, and Novartis, to name a few.

Top Biotech Schools in India (Public Sector)Indian Institutes of Technology (Roorkee, Delhi, Guwahati)

GGS Indraprastha University, Delhi

School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad

School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi

Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, Kerala

Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, Maharashtra

Animal Biotechnology Research Center, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal

Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, GB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar

Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar

School of Biotechnology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP

Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, MS University of Vadodara, Gujarat

Jamia Millia Islamia University, New Delhi

B.R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology - NIT Jalandhar, Punjab

Bundelkhand University, Uttar Pradesh

Gautam Buddh Technical University, Uttar Pradesh

Biotechnology



Top Biotech Schools in India (Private Sector)School of Chemical and Biotechnology, Sastra University, Thanjavur

Department of Biotechnology, SRM University, Tamil Nadu

Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information

Technology, Solan, Himachal Pradesh

Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida

Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Noida

Oxford College of Science, Bangalore

Department of Biotechnology, RV College of Engineering, Bangalore

Shoolini Institute of Life Sciences and Business Management, Solan, Himachal Pradesh

Shri M&N Virani Science College, Rajkot, Gujarat

PES Institute of Technology, Bangalore

Globally Best Schools in different sectors of BTGenetics/Genomics/ Bioinformatics

Biochemistry/ Biophysics/ Structural Biology

Molecular Biology

Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA Harvard University, Boston, MA Harvard University Boston, MA

Stanford University, Stanford, CA

Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA

Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA

Harvard University, Boston, MA Stanford University, Stanford, CA

Stanford University, Stanford, CA

University of California at Berkeley,

California Institute of Technology,

University of California — San Francisco,

Berkeley, CA Pasadena, CA San Francisco, CA

Washington University in St. Louis,

University of California — San Francisco,

University of California — Berkeley,

St. Louis, MO San Francisco, CA Berkeley, CA

California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA

Yale University, New Haven, CT

California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA

University of California — San Francisco, San Francisco, CA

University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA

Rockefeller University, New York, NY

Globally Best Schools in different sectors of BTJohn Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD

John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD

John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD

University of Washington Seattle, WA

Rockefeller University, New York, NY

Princeton University, Princeton, NJ

Yale University, New Haven, CT Duke University, Durham, NC Yale University, New Haven, CT

CAREER OPTIONS IN BIOTECHNOLOGYFIELDS DESIRED ACADEMIC QUALIFICATIONS

RESEARCH MSc – Life science (Biotech, Biochemistry,

Molecular Biology, Microbiology, Chemical) Molecular Biology

UPSTREAM MSc – Life science (Biotech, Biochemistry,


Downstream MSc – Life science (Biotech, Biochemistry,


Preclinical Development MSc/MPharm/MBBS – MD (pharmacology)

Clinical development

Program Coordination and Management BSc/ BPharm/ B.Tech + MBA

Core Facilities Diploma in mechanical, electrical and electronics and instrumentation

Clinical MSc/MBBS – MD

REGULATORY MSc/ MPharm

Scientific Writing BDS, MBBS, MSc

Quality Control MSc/ MPharm

Business Development Science + MBA

IPR MSc/ M.Pharm/ M.Tech + Diploma in IPR

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