KIT – University of the State of Baden-Wuerttemberg and
National Research Center of the Helmholtz Association
Institute of Engineering in Life Science, Department Bioprocess Engineering
www.kit.edu
Institute of Engineering in Life Science, Department Bioprocess Engineering
Dr. Rosa Rosello, Dr. Fritz Cotta, Prof. Dr. Clemens Posten
Bioenergie:
Algen zur stoffwirtschaftlichen Nutzung von CO2
Institute of Engineering in Life Science
Department Bioprocess Engineering
2 11.08.2011 11.08.2011
ß-Carotene aus
Dunaliella salina
Products from Microalgae
Astaxanthin aus
Haematococus pluvialis
Model alga
Chlamydomonas reinhardtti
Food supplement Chlorella and Spirulina
Institute of Engineering in Life Science
Department Bioprocess Engineering
3 11.08.2011
Apple Bran Muffin
Starbucks
Buckwheat Baby Cereal with Omega-3
Heinz Russia
DHA Omega-3 Bread
A product of Bimbo Bakeries (Spain)
Nestle Good Start Supreme with DHA & ARA
A product of Nestle USA
100mg DHA for Pregnancy and Nursing
A product of Deball (China)
Vaalia Yogurt for Kids
A product of Parmalat
(Australia)
Institute of Engineering in Life Science
Department Bioprocess Engineering
4 11.08.2011
Possible Routes to Products
Light Oil
Poly-
saccharides
Fatty acids Colorant,
Antioxidants,
Vitamins
(Health) Food,
Aquaculture, Feed
New
Biomass CO2
Pigments
(Recombinant)
Proteins H2, O2
H2O
Institute of Engineering in Life Science
Department Bioprocess Engineering
5 11.08.2011
Mikroalge (wichtigste Herstellerländer)
Produkte
(Auswahl) Preis
(US $) Absatz (Mio.
US $) Entwicklung
Spirulina sp.(China, Hawaii, Taiwan, Myanmar, Indien), Nostoc sp. (China), Aphanizomenon (Klamath-See/USA); Chlorella sp. (Klötze/BRD, Taiwan, Japan), Dunaliella sp. (Israel, Hawai, Australien, China, Indien), Nanochloropsis sp. (Hawai, Salata GmbH/ Deutschland)
BIO
MA
SSE
Algenbiomasse 10-150 /kg ~ 6 Mrd. stark steigend
Nahrungsergänzungs-mittel, Kosmetika
40-160/kg ~ 7400 stark steigend
Futterzusatzmittel, Aquakultur
10-150 /kg stark steigend
Düngemittel > 10 /kg aussichtsreich
Hämatococcus pluvialis (Israel, Hawaii, Japan)
FAR
BSTO
FFE
Astaxanthin 2.000-3.000 /kg 270 stark steigend
Dunaliella salina, D. bardawill (Australien, Israel, Hawai, China, Indien)
-Carotin 2.000-3.000/kg 280 aussichtsreich
Tagetes erecta (Indien), aus Algen im Enwicklungsstadium
Lutein, Zeaxanthin
600-2.500 /kg stark steigend
Spirulina sp. (Japan) Porphyridium sp.
Phycocyanin
Phycoerythrin
3-25.000 /g
bis 1,5 Mio./g (Antikörper)
10-50 steigend als Marker für Antikörper
Prorocentrum lima Lyngbya sp. Alexandrium sp. Symploca sp.
PH
AR
MA
Okaidinsäure
Curacin, Saxitoxin
Dolastatin
stark steigend
Crypthecodinum cohnii (USA), Ulkenia sp. (Schweiz), Schizochytrium sp. (USA), Odontella aurita (Frankreich), Nannochloropsis (in Entwicklung)
PU
FAS
Docosahexaensäure (DHA) Eicosapentaensäre (EPA)
700-6500 / kg 250
stark steigend
Globaler Markt für Produkte aus Mikroalgen
Institute of Engineering in Life Science
Department Bioprocess Engineering
6 11.08.2011
Eine effektive Technologie zur Algenherstellung kann einen
erheblichen Beitrag sowohl zur Energie- und Stoffwirtschaft als auch
zur Klimapolitik leisten.
Algen sind die am schnellsten wachsenden Pflanzen auf unserem
Planeten. Die Alge ist um ein Vielfaches effektiver als zum Beispiel
Energiepflanzen.
Institute of Engineering in Life Science
Department Bioprocess Engineering
7 11.08.2011
Als photoautotrophe Organismen nutzen Mikroalgen das Treibhausgas
CO2 als Kohlenstoffquelle und können es am Ort seiner Entstehung
unmittelbar verwerten. Algen binden mit extrem hoher Effektivität CO2 und
wandeln dieses in Biomasse um.
Die entstandene Biomasse kann vielfältig genutzt werden, u.a. als
Rohstoff in der Pharmazeutischen Industrie sowie in der Kosmetik, als
Kraftstoff bzw. als Rohstoff zur Herstellung von Ölen und Gasen bzw. von
Nahrungsergänzungsmitteln.
Institute of Engineering in Life Science
Department Bioprocess Engineering
8 11.08.2011
Microalgae as renewable resources
Photoconversion efficiency (PCE) of microalgae 5 %
Areal productivities could be 5 times higher than classical crops
Cultivation in closed photobioreactors as suspension culture
Whole biomass can be harvested, no lignins
Low (salt-)water demand and cultivation in aride areas
2 kg CO2 per kg microalgae biomass, activation energy light
Institute of Engineering in Life Science
Department Bioprocess Engineering
9 11.08.2011
Übersicht vorhandene Systeme – offene Systeme
Natürliche Seen Künstliche offene Becken
Institute of Engineering in Life Science
Department Bioprocess Engineering
10 11.08.2011
Basic geometrical photobioreactor designs
Aspect 1: High surface / volume ratio SVR
„AR / AG should be high“
Enough light energy per culture volume
Institute of Engineering in Life Science
Department Bioprocess Engineering
11 11.08.2011
Examples of geometries for large scale reactors
Tubular reactor
Kibuzz Kitura Green Wall Panel,
Almeria
Too expensive, missing temperature control, auxiliary energy
Institute of Engineering in Life Science
Department Bioprocess Engineering
12 11.08.2011
Building the reactor around the cell
Light
CO2
Heat
Reactor transforms environmental conditions to physiological conditions.
Optimizing reactors means to understand cell signals.
H2O
Fluoreszenz
Respiration
Growth phase
Macromolecular composition
Institute of Engineering in Life Science
Department Bioprocess Engineering
13 11.08.2011
Basic geometrical photobioreactor designs
Plate and Tube in 30 L Scale with Chlamydomonas
Institute of Engineering in Life Science
Department Bioprocess Engineering
14 11.08.2011
Growth kinetics of Porphyridium purpureum
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
1,2
1,4
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800Sp
ecif
ic g
row
th r
ate
µ / (
d-1
)
Light intensity on reactor surface I0 / (µE.m-2.s-1)
continuous light
PCE = 5%
Light dilution necessary to come to
the point of high efficiency
Institute of Engineering in Life Science
Department Bioprocess Engineering
15 11.08.2011
Geometrical light distribution
Light saturation and inhibition can be prevented
by geometrical „light distribution“
- Extension of plates or fences in vertical direction
- Structuring as tubes
- Orientation of plates and fences in specific angle to
N/S direction for horizontal dilution
Aspect 2: High surface / footprint ratio
Institute of Engineering in Life Science
Department Bioprocess Engineering
16 11.08.2011
Light path length
Aspect 3: Short light path length
High biomass concentration necessary for
cheap agitation and harvesting
Homogeneous light field by compensation of mutual shading and focussing
Institute of Engineering in Life Science
Department Bioprocess Engineering
17 11.08.2011
CFD as tool for bioreactor optimization results from a Gicon – Kit cooperation
geometrical optimization
Design aspect: focusing mixing energy to specific frequencies
Institute of Engineering in Life Science
Department Bioprocess Engineering
18 11.08.2011
Physiological Interaction:
Flashing light effect
Supersaturation zone Limiting / dark zone
Optimal Zone Algal cells can store energy
under strong light … … and use it up under
limiting light conditions
Institute of Engineering in Life Science
Department Bioprocess Engineering
19 11.08.2011
Growth kinetics of Porphyridium purpureum
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
1,2
1,4
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800Sp
ecif
ic g
row
th r
ate
µ / (
d-1
)
Light intensity on reactor surface I0 / (µE.m-2.s-1)
intermittant light
5/5 ms
10/10 ms
20/20 ms
10/60 ms
3000/3000 ms
Disappointing performance of large reactors
Practical realization difficult
Institute of Engineering in Life Science
Department Bioprocess Engineering
20 11.08.2011
Model reactor for kinetic studies
especially developed illumination device using LEDs
and collimating lenses (2 L reactor)
homogenously illuminated volume
→ mutual shading of the cells compensated by
focusing effect (lens effect)
highly controlled conditions
wide range of spectral distribution
light intensities up to 16000 µE/(m2∙s)
light/dark cycles up to 500 Hz
Institute of Engineering in Life Science
Department Bioprocess Engineering
21 11.08.2011
Photo-Bioreactor Development
Scale-down / Scale-up Problem analysis
Modelling & Simulation
Of possible large scale
Experiments with decoupled
parameters in special modelling
reactors
Understanding of decisive interactions between cell and reactor
Re-assemble in small scale
Technical implementation in pilot
scale
Optimized Demonstration-Reactor
Institute of Engineering in Life Science
Department Bioprocess Engineering
22 11.08.2011
Photobioreaktor nach dem Tannenbaumprinzip
Institute of Engineering in Life Science
Department Bioprocess Engineering
23 11.08.2011
Photobioreaktor nach dem Tannenbaumprinzip
(Funktionsmuster in Köthen
Institute of Engineering in Life Science
Department Bioprocess Engineering
24 11.08.2011
Carbon neutral product cycles
Bioreaction:
(Artificial) illumination
Measurement and control
Bio-refinery:
High-value product
By-products
Downstream:
Concentration
Fractionation
Institute of Engineering in Life Science
Department Bioprocess Engineering
25 11.08.2011
Stepping Stones of Microalgal Industry
BLT- Institut, Bereich III: BIOVERFAHRENSTECHNIK
Fakultät für Chemieingenieurwesen und Verfahrenstechnik
Finechemikals:
Pigments
Fatty Acids
Energy:
Biodiesel
Biogas, H2
Feed
Aquacultur
Human Nutrition
Bulkchemikals
Lo
we
r p
ric
es
La
rger
are
as
Institute of Engineering in Life Science
Department Bioprocess Engineering
26 11.08.2011
Department of Bioprocess Engineering “bio-ag”
wishes GICON Good Luck and Continued Success
