“Biogas Based Chain Business: A Road to Sustainable Rural

Development”

Presenting Author-

Md. Amimul EhsanDept. of Electrical & Electronic Engineering

Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology

1ICDRET'2016 || PID-49

4th International Conference on The Development of Renewable Energy Technology

Co-Authors

ICDRET'2016 || PID-49 2

C. K. DasDept. of Electrical & Electronic Engineering

Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology

Mahadi HasanDept. of Biomedical Science

City University of Hong Kong

Outline • Literature

• Rural Life Scenario

• Biogas Business Concept

• Cyclic Cash Flow

• Sustainable Development

• Energy demand of a standard home

• Design considerations

• Economics

• Key benefits & summary

ICDRET'2016 || PID-49 3

Literature

“…A newly developed mobile biogas storage container, the biogas backpack, now facilitates the transport of biogas and thus its sale. This provides the opportunity to produce biogas in one central, technically more advanced biogas plant rather than in many individual small-scale, low productive digesters….”

ICDRET'2016 || PID-49 4

Rural Life Scenario

ICDRET'2016 || PID-49 5

Trends

-Backyard farming: cattle and poultry

-Poultry business

-Daily household organic waste

-Cooking: Wood

-Household lighting: Kerosene burner

Challenges

- Waste management

- Kitchen environment and women’s health

- Global warming

- Child education

Biogas Business Concept

ICDRET'2016 || PID-49 6

Biogas

Fertilizer

Cow &

Poultry Farm

Household

Cow &

Poultry

Waste

Collection

Biogas

PlantBusiness

Residential

Electricity

Cooking

Gas

Agriculture

Fishing

Organic

Waste

Cow &

Poultry

Waste

(chain… social business)

Cyclic Cash Flow

ICDRET'2016 || PID-49 7

Cooking Gas

Electricity

Fertilizer

House Hold

Farm Owner

Waste

Biogas Plant

Money Flow

Chain

Sustainable Development

ICDRET'2016 || PID-49 8

Clean Environment

Fertilizer

Agriculture

Kerosene Cost

Saving

ElectricityChildren’s

Education

Increased

Production

Fishing

Cooking

Gas

Cooking Wood

Cost Saving

Female Health

Waste

Selling

Extra Financial

Support

Waste

Management

Sustainable

Rural

Development

Energy demand of a standard home

…Survey in rural Chittagong (Unosottur Para, Raozan)-

• Cooking wood cost is 800-1,000 BDT/month (≈10~13 USD)

• Kerosene cost per month is 400-600 BDT (≈5~8 USD)

Therefore, every family saves an amount of 1,200-1,600 BDT (≈15~21 USD) per month only from cooking and lighting sectors

• 2.5 hour (Hr) cooking with a two-burner stove requires 2 m3 biogas

• 6 m3 biogas is necessary per day for both cooking and electricity

• 1.4 kWh electricity generation entails 1 m3 biogas

ICDRET'2016 || PID-49 9

Energy demand of a standard home (contd.)

ICDRET'2016 || PID-49 10

Time in Hr

23.7 kW

148.5

kW 135.4

kW

58.25 kW

10

kW

Load

in

kW

6am 8am 10am 12pm 2pm 4pm 6pm 8pm 10pm 12am 2am 4am 6am

LoadRating

(Watt)Number

Total Power

(Watt)

Energy

Saving Bulb15 2 30

Energy

Saving Bulb25 2 50

Energy

Saving Bulb12 2 24

Ceiling Fan 75 3 225

Color TV 100 1 100

Refrigerator 150 1 150

Computer 80~90 1 90

Total 669

Design considerations• Total no. of family: 500 (…some smallfood shops in local market)

• Local market (vegetable, fruit etc.)

• Total cooking gas demand is 1,032 m3

• Electricity requirement is 1,450 kWh (requires 1,040 m3 biogas)

• Total biogas requirement is 2072 m3 per day

• Total daily waste requirements are 1,200 kg organic waste, 14,500 kg cow dung and 20,250 kg chicken manure.

• Total 485 cows and 40,500 chickens are needed to produce stated amount of waste.

**Plant authority is responsible for collecting waste in daily basis or in a particular interval

ICDRET'2016 || PID-49 11

Design considerations (contd.)

• Electricity price: 5 BDT (≈0.06 USD) per kWh

• Cooking gas charge: 300 BDT (≈4 USD) /month/family

• Organic waste: 3 BDT/kg (≈0.04 USD)

• Fresh cow dung: 1 BDT/kg (≈0.013 USD)

• Chicken manure: 2 BDT/kg (≈0.03 USD)

• 6 generators (1.2 kW, 5 kW, 10 kW, 20 kW, 40 kW & 76 kW)

• Purifier before generator is mandatory

ICDRET'2016 || PID-49 12

Digester design

13

IDCOL Standards

Inlet

Mixer

Inlet pipe

Digester

Hydraulic chamber

h1

H

Vgs

Vf

Vs

Vc

Vi Di

Hi

θ

VH

DH

h HH

Slurry pit

DSSH

ss

Wss

Ledger:

Vi ; Vc ; Vgs ; Vf ; Vs ; VH = Volume of inlet;

gas collecting chamber; gas storage

chamber; fermentation chamber; sludge

layer; hydraulic chamber

Di ; DH ; Dss = Diameter of inlet; hydraulic

chamber; slurry pit

Hi = Clearance between lower level of both

inlet and stone settle pit; H = Height

between lower level of gas storage chamber

and sludge layer; h1 = Height of the

hydraulic chamber from digester manure

level; h = Height of the hydraulic chamber

to lower level of gas storage chamber; HH =

Height of the hydraulic chamber; Hss =

Height of the slurry pit

Wss = Width of the slurry pit

θ = Inclined angle of inlet pipe

=6.6m

127.6 m3

2.55 m3

=1.75m Inlet

2.55 m3

Digester Outlet

=3.51m

=10.28m

485 m3

Inlet

9.7 m3

9.7 m3

Digester Outlet

=3.59m

=10.42m

506.25 m3

10.125 m3

Inlet

10.125 m3

Digester Outlet

Fig. 6. Digester design for (a) Organic Waste; (b) 485 Cows; (c) 40,500 Chickens

Economics

• Lifetime: 20 years

• Total installation cost: 1.95 crore BDT (≈0.253 million USD) [plant construction cost (digester, inlet and hydraulic chamber), pipeline and purifier cost, electricity generation, transmission and protection cost]

• Repairing and overhauling (top and major overhauling) costs of generators: 52

lac BDT (≈0.67 million USD)

- Top overhauling: 15% of generator cost (after 10,000 hours of operation)

- Major overhauling: 50% of generator cost (after further 10,000 hours of operation)

• Waste cost for 20 years of operation is about 43 crore BDT (≈5.6 million USD)

ICDRET'2016 || PID-49 14

Economics (contd.)

• 262,500 ton slurry output in 20 years & processing cost is 26 crore BDT

(≈3.37 million USD).

• To operate the plant effectively some personnel are mandatory in permanent basis and time to time temporary labors are too requisite.

- Total waging cost for plant operation and maintenance is calculated 134,000

BDT (≈1750 USD) per month and so 3.2 crore BDT (≈0.415 million USD) for 20 years

Total Life cycle plant cost: 75 crore BDT (≈9.73 million USD)

ICDRET'2016 || PID-49 15

Economics (contd.)

• Income of plant authority (LC):

- Total electric bill: 6 crore BDT (≈0.778 million USD) including service charge

- Cooking gas bill: 3.72 crore BDT (≈0.48 million USD)

- Fertilizer selling outcome: 110 crore BDT (≈14.3 million USD) [3 & 5 BDT/kg (≈0.04 & 0.06 USD) for fresh slurry and bio-fertilizer respectively]

Net LC income (plant): 120 crore BDT (≈15.56 million USD)

….seems profitable

ICDRET'2016 || PID-49 16

Economics (contd.)

Waste selling income of each individual-

Household individuals: 10,000 BDT (≈130 USD) per annum

Small scale poultry farm: 60,000 BDT/month (≈780 USD)

Large scale poultry farm: 300,000 BDT/month (≈3900 USD)

Small scale cow farm: 9,000 BDT/month (≈117 USD)

Large scale cow farm: 90,000 BDT/month (≈1170 USD)

Food hotel: 1,800 BDT/month (≈24 USD)

Local market: 9,000 BDT/month (≈17 USD)

ICDRET'2016 || PID-49 17

Key benefits other than economics• Proper waste management

• Environmental safety

• Healthy cooking

• Child education prospect

• …& more to discover

ICDRET'2016 || PID-49 18

Future prospects

• Detailed techno-economic analysis for a certain region

• Mathematical model development

• Proto type …or pilot project implementation (!!!Fund!!!)

ICDRET'2016 || PID-49 19

Summery

Social business

Bidirectional cash flow

Environmental safety

Sustainable development

ICDRET'2016 || PID-49 20

Thank You!

Md. Amimul Ehsan

Final year undergrad student

Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology (CUET)

amimul66@gmail.com