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Copyright of MIGHT 2014 1 Malaysian Industry-Government Group for High Technology BIOGAS OPPORTUNITIES IN MALAYSIA SIVAPALAN KATHIRAVALE
Copyright of MIGHT 2014 1
Malaysian Industry-Government Group for High Technology
BIOGAS OPPORTUNITIES IN MALAYSIA
SIVAPALAN KATHIRAVALE
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Malaysian Industry-Government Group for High Technology
What is Biomass?
Biomass is defined as non-fossilised and originating from indigenous plants animals and micro-organisms including but not limited to products
biodegradable organic material by-products residues and waste from agriculture, industrial and municipal solid waste
Various Use of Biomass
Energy
Biochemicals
Bio-fibre
Pellets
Papers
Animal Feed
Compost
Not limited to the list above
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Biomass Availability in Malaysia
10% oil
90% biomass 120 million tonnes (dry weight in 2011)
18 million tonnes
Palm Oil
Wood Waste, include Rubber
17.25 m3 hectare area of plantation
Paddy
0.7 million hectare area
Kenaf
343 hectare
Sago
15,000 hectare
20,000 tonnes per day
Municipal Solid Waste
240,000 hectare
Fruit Waste
Palm Biomass
Rice Husk & Straw
Municipal Solid Waste
Kenaf
Wood Biomass
Bio-Energy
Green Chemicals & Bio-Polymers
Bio-Fertilisers
Bio-Composites
Steam
Electricity
Transport Fuel
Agriculture
Livestock
Packaging
Green Building Materials
Heat
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Feedstock Products Applications
What Can Become of the Biomass
Palm EFB
Palm Kernel Shell
Oil Palm Trunk
Oil Palm Fronds
Palm Kernel Cake
Palm Oil Mill Effluent
Wood
Sawdust
Rice husk & straw
Kenaf Fiber
Sago Waste
Municipal Solid Waste
Sewage Waste
Fuel Pellets Biofuels Biogas Biochemicals
Biochar Biocomposites Others Biofertilizers
EFB pellets
Bio-alcohols
Coke substitute
OPT pellets
Bio-alcohols
OPF pellets
Bio-alcohols
PKC pellets
Bio-alcohols
Wood pellets
Bio-alcohols
Straw pellets
Fuel pellets
Bio-alcohols
RDF Pellets
Syngas
Syngas
Syngas
Methane
Syngas
Methane
Methane
Methane
Industrial Biosugars
Industrial Biosugars
Biosugars
Bio-polymers
Bio-polymers
Eng. wood
Bio-polymers
Organic compost
Organic compost
Organic compost
Organic compost
Mushroom cultivation
Carbon fibers
Biochar
Biochar
Biochar
Activated Carbon
Fiberboard Eng. wood
Composite panels
Paper pulp Erosion mat
Phytochemicals Animal feed
Animal feed
Animal & fish feed
Phosphate recovery
Silica aerogel
Eng. lumber Eng. wood
Fiberboard Eng. wood
Organic compost
Organic compost
Industrial Biosugars
Commercialised
Development Stage
Potential
LEGEND
Palm EFB
Palm Kernel Shell
Oil Palm Trunk
Oil Palm Fronds
Palm Kernel Cake
Palm Oil Mill Effluent
Wood
Sawdust
Rice husk & straw
Kenaf Fiber
Sago Waste
Municipal Solid Waste
Sewage Waste
STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES OPPORTUNITIES THREATS
• Abundance • Supply concentrated in mills • Multiple potential uses
•Uncertain pricing & availability •High moisture for transport •Rapid degradation
•Biosugars/chemicals production •Diversify palm oil mills revenue •Spur downstream activities
•Low-value utilization •Disrupt mulching practices •Sustainability of palm sector
• Supply concentrated in mills •Uncertain pricing & availability
•Activated carbon production •Manufacturing of act. carbon-based consumer products
•Low value export as commodity
•Abundance; replanting scheme •MPOB/FRIM know-how available
•Currently left in field to mulch •Value too low for collection •Supply not consistent
•Engineered lumber •Disrupt mulching practices
• Abundance; pruning works •Currently left in field to mulch •Value too low for collection
•Phytochemicals extraction •High minerals content
•Disrupt mulching practices
• Concentrated in kernel crushing plants
•Aggregation of feedstock uneconomical
•Animal feed production
•Low value export as commodity
• Abundance • Supply concentrated in mills •Multiple potential uses
•Must be in-situ conversion •Solve POME pollution problem •Diversify palm oil mills revenue
•Mill owners not responsive to new ventures
•Supply concentrated in sawmills •Well established conversion technologies
•Decreasing availability locally •Sustainable foresties •Wood substitute for furniture industry
•Sustainability of timber sector
• Husks; supply concentrated in rice mills •Meet sustainability criteria
•Straws; currently left in field •Husks; uncertain pricing & availability
•Source of silica for engineered products e.g. aerogel •Green certified biocomposites
•Disrupt mulching practices •Husks used as fuel in rice mills
• High quality fibers •Fast growing 3-4 harvests/yr
•High-value engineered products & biocomposites
•Low uptake for large-scale planting •Competing use of land
• Abundance in Sarawak
•Sago industry still traditional •Scattered supply sources
•Spur downstream activities in rural areas •Conversion to biopolymers
•High organic component •Supply chain established •Federalized management
•Waste not segregated •Heavy metals contamination
•Recovery of valuable materials
• Supply concentrated in sewage plants
•Heavy metals contamination •Recovery of valuable minerals
•Availability of sago trees •Competing use of land for oil palm cultivation
•Wasteful incineration
•Halal issue as a resource
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What is Biogas
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Global Biogas Demand • Global biogas plant market to hit nearly USD9 billion in 2017; the market is seeing an explosive growth in municipalities, industry & agriculture
• Europe and the United States account for the majority of the global biogas plants market
• Major countries in EU include Germany, UK, Italy and Spain – derived from their agriculture waste
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Malaysia – Biogas is only from the Palm Oil Industry
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What and Where are the Opportunities
Raw Material Conversion Technology Products
Financing What are
the Problems and issues
How to resolve
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Raw Material
Integrated Resource Management
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Conversion Technologies
Technology Management
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OR
Product Preferences
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Raise • Sustainability • Asset utilisation (STP) • Recycling
Create • Biogas, Fertilisers • Renewable Energy • Revenue Streams • Exportable Technology
Eliminate • Waste from landfills • GHG emissions • Land costs
Reduce • Waste transportation costs • Waste disposal costs • Waste treatment costs • Need for landfills
Benefits of Integrated Approach
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Financials
GHG
1. Financial knowledge and maneuvering
2. Feedstock and offtake agreements
3. Technically sound
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Conclusion
1. Knowing where is the demand and supply
2. Choosing the appropriate products
3. BATNEEC
4. Integration
5. Good financial analysis and backing
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Thank You
SIVAPALAN KATHIRAVALE Emerging Technology,
Malaysian Industry Government Group for High Technology (MIGHT) MIGHT Building, 3517, Jalan Teknokrat 5,
63000, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia E-mail: [email protected]
Tel : 603-83157915 Fax : 603-83120300
