Biogeography. Lecture 15

Alexey Shipunov

Minot State University

March 21, 2016

Shipunov (MSU) Biogeography. Lecture 15 March 21, 2016 1 / 50

Outline

TaxonomyBirds

Reptiles and amphibiansOverview

Shipunov (MSU) Biogeography. Lecture 15 March 21, 2016 2 / 50

Outline

TaxonomyBirds

Reptiles and amphibiansOverview

Shipunov (MSU) Biogeography. Lecture 15 March 21, 2016 2 / 50

Taxonomy Birds

TaxonomyBirds

Shipunov (MSU) Biogeography. Lecture 15 March 21, 2016 3 / 50

Taxonomy Birds

Birds phylogeny

I Phylogenetically, birds are subgroup of theropod dinosaursI Molecular phylogeny is not yet stable, morphological trees are

much better

Shipunov (MSU) Biogeography. Lecture 15 March 21, 2016 4 / 50

Taxonomy Birds

One of recent molecular trees (Burleigh et al., 2014)

Shipunov (MSU) Biogeography. Lecture 15 March 21, 2016 5 / 50

Taxonomy Birds

Another recent molecular tree (Prum et al., 2015) (1)

Shipunov (MSU) Biogeography. Lecture 15 March 21, 2016 6 / 50

Taxonomy Birds

Another recent molecular tree (Prum et al., 2015) (2)

Shipunov (MSU) Biogeography. Lecture 15 March 21, 2016 7 / 50

Taxonomy Birds

Morphological overview of birds (Livezey et al., 2007)

Shipunov (MSU) Biogeography. Lecture 15 March 21, 2016 8 / 50

Taxonomy Birds

A: non-flying birds, ostrich and others

Shipunov (MSU) Biogeography. Lecture 15 March 21, 2016 9 / 50

Taxonomy Birds

B: Galloanseres, chicken and ducks

Shipunov (MSU) Biogeography. Lecture 15 March 21, 2016 10 / 50

Taxonomy Birds

C: seabirds

Shipunov (MSU) Biogeography. Lecture 15 March 21, 2016 11 / 50

Taxonomy Birds

Pelecaniformes: Cormorants

Shipunov (MSU) Biogeography. Lecture 15 March 21, 2016 12 / 50

Taxonomy Birds

Pelecaniformes: Herons

Shipunov (MSU) Biogeography. Lecture 15 March 21, 2016 13 / 50

Taxonomy Birds

Pelecaniformes: Pelicans

Shipunov (MSU) Biogeography. Lecture 15 March 21, 2016 14 / 50

Taxonomy Birds

Procellariiformes: Shearwaters

Shipunov (MSU) Biogeography. Lecture 15 March 21, 2016 15 / 50

Taxonomy Birds

D: cranes, gulls and others

Shipunov (MSU) Biogeography. Lecture 15 March 21, 2016 16 / 50

Taxonomy Birds

Charadriiformes: Gulls

Shipunov (MSU) Biogeography. Lecture 15 March 21, 2016 17 / 50

Taxonomy Birds

Charadriiformes: Sandpipers

Shipunov (MSU) Biogeography. Lecture 15 March 21, 2016 18 / 50

Taxonomy Birds

Gruiformes: Rails

Shipunov (MSU) Biogeography. Lecture 15 March 21, 2016 19 / 50

Taxonomy Birds

E: birds of prey, cuckoos, parrots, doves

Shipunov (MSU) Biogeography. Lecture 15 March 21, 2016 20 / 50

Taxonomy Birds

Psittaciformes: Parrots

Shipunov (MSU) Biogeography. Lecture 15 March 21, 2016 21 / 50

Taxonomy Birds

Columbiformes: Doves

Shipunov (MSU) Biogeography. Lecture 15 March 21, 2016 22 / 50

Taxonomy Birds

Cuculiformes: Cuckoos

Shipunov (MSU) Biogeography. Lecture 15 March 21, 2016 23 / 50

Taxonomy Birds

Falconiformes: Falcon and hawk

Shipunov (MSU) Biogeography. Lecture 15 March 21, 2016 24 / 50

Taxonomy Birds

Strigiformes: Owls

Shipunov (MSU) Biogeography. Lecture 15 March 21, 2016 25 / 50

Taxonomy Birds

F: swifts, hummingbirds and others

Shipunov (MSU) Biogeography. Lecture 15 March 21, 2016 26 / 50

Taxonomy Birds

Apoditiformes: Hummingbirds

Shipunov (MSU) Biogeography. Lecture 15 March 21, 2016 27 / 50

Taxonomy Birds

Apoditiformes: Swifts

Shipunov (MSU) Biogeography. Lecture 15 March 21, 2016 28 / 50

Taxonomy Birds

Caprimulgiformes: Nightjars

Shipunov (MSU) Biogeography. Lecture 15 March 21, 2016 29 / 50

Taxonomy Birds

Trogoniformes: Trogons

Shipunov (MSU) Biogeography. Lecture 15 March 21, 2016 30 / 50

Taxonomy Birds

G: woodpeckers, songbirds and others

Shipunov (MSU) Biogeography. Lecture 15 March 21, 2016 31 / 50

Taxonomy Birds

Coraciiformes: Todies

Shipunov (MSU) Biogeography. Lecture 15 March 21, 2016 32 / 50

Taxonomy Birds

Piciformes: Woodpeckers

Shipunov (MSU) Biogeography. Lecture 15 March 21, 2016 33 / 50

Taxonomy Birds

Passeriformes: Sparrows

Shipunov (MSU) Biogeography. Lecture 15 March 21, 2016 34 / 50

Reptiles and amphibians Overview

Reptiles and amphibiansOverview

Shipunov (MSU) Biogeography. Lecture 15 March 21, 2016 35 / 50

Reptiles and amphibians Overview

Amphibians: very short overview

I AmphibiaI Gymnophiona: caecilians, legless amphibiansI Caudata: salamandersI Anura

I Archaeobatrachia, e.g., tailed frogI Mesobatrachia, e.g., clawed frogs like African XenopusI Hyloidea, e.g., Puerto Rican tree frog, coqui (Eleutherodactylus)I Ranoidea, e.g., common frogs

Shipunov (MSU) Biogeography. Lecture 15 March 21, 2016 36 / 50

Reptiles and amphibians Overview

American tailed frog (Ascaphus)

Shipunov (MSU) Biogeography. Lecture 15 March 21, 2016 37 / 50

Reptiles and amphibians Overview

Puerto Rican tree frog, coqui (Eleutherodactylus)

Shipunov (MSU) Biogeography. Lecture 15 March 21, 2016 38 / 50

Reptiles and amphibians Overview

Reptiles: very short overview

I ReptiliaI Testudines, turtlesI Crocodilia, alligators etc.I Sphenodontia, New Zealand tuataraI Squamata, lizards and snakes

I Gekkota: geckos like Puerto Rican SphaerodactylusI Scincoidea: skinks like Puerto Rican MabuyaI Lacertoidea: common lizards like Puerto Rican ameiva (Ameiva) and

“legless lizards” (Amphisbaena)I Anguimorpha: anguids like Puerto Rican DiploglossusI Iguania: true iguanas like Puerto Rican Anolis or IguanaI Serpentes: snakes like blind snakes (Typhlops) and Puerto Rican

boa (Epicrates)

Shipunov (MSU) Biogeography. Lecture 15 March 21, 2016 39 / 50

Reptiles and amphibians Overview

New Zealand tuatara (Sphenodon)

Shipunov (MSU) Biogeography. Lecture 15 March 21, 2016 40 / 50

Reptiles and amphibians Overview

Gekkota: Puerto Rican gecko (Sphaerodactylus) inhotel

Shipunov (MSU) Biogeography. Lecture 15 March 21, 2016 41 / 50

Reptiles and amphibians Overview

Scincoidea: Mabuya

Shipunov (MSU) Biogeography. Lecture 15 March 21, 2016 42 / 50

Reptiles and amphibians Overview

Lacertoidea: Ameiva exsul

Shipunov (MSU) Biogeography. Lecture 15 March 21, 2016 43 / 50

Reptiles and amphibians Overview

Lacertoidea: Amphisbaena

Shipunov (MSU) Biogeography. Lecture 15 March 21, 2016 44 / 50

Reptiles and amphibians Overview

Anguimorpha: Diploglossus

Shipunov (MSU) Biogeography. Lecture 15 March 21, 2016 45 / 50

Reptiles and amphibians Overview

Iguania: Anolis

Shipunov (MSU) Biogeography. Lecture 15 March 21, 2016 46 / 50

Reptiles and amphibians Overview

Iguania: Iguana

Shipunov (MSU) Biogeography. Lecture 15 March 21, 2016 47 / 50

Reptiles and amphibians Overview

Serpentes: Typhlops

Shipunov (MSU) Biogeography. Lecture 15 March 21, 2016 48 / 50

Reptiles and amphibians Overview

Serpentes: Epicrates

Shipunov (MSU) Biogeography. Lecture 15 March 21, 2016 49 / 50

Reptiles and amphibians Overview

For Further ReadingA. Shipunov.Biogeography [Electronic resource].2014—onwards.Mode of access:http://ashipunov.info/shipunov/school/biol_330

Biological classification.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_classification

Birds.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird

Amphibianshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphibian

Reptileshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reptile

Shipunov (MSU) Biogeography. Lecture 15 March 21, 2016 50 / 50