Biological oceanography

OLR (1990) 37 (5) 459

E. BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY

EIO. Apparatus and methods

90:2957 Bennett, W.N. and M.E. Boraas, 1989. An exper-

imental test of the egg-ratio method with instantaneous birth rate as an independent variable. LimnoL Oceanogr~ 34(6): 1120-1125.

The accuracy of three mathematical models used to calculate instantaneous birth rate (b) from the ratio of eggs to females (E) in a population was determined with steady state populations of the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus. We were able to choose b as an independent variable, with the physical characteristics of our culture device, which also satisfied the major assumptions of the models. We then measured E and calculated b from E with the three models. The model of Paloheimo gave the best fit when the calculated b and observed b were compared. Dept. of Biol. Sci., Univ. of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53204, USA.

90:2958 Downing, J.A., 1989. Precision of the mean and the

design of benthos sampling programmes: caution revised. Mar. Biol, 103(2):231-234.

General formulae are presented that allow calcu- lation of boundary constraints on levels of sampling precision, which would only have a significant influence on sampling design where populations are so sparse that samples consist mainly of presence- absence data. A previously published equation for prediction of requisite sample number for estimation of a freshwater benthic population correctly shows that using a small sampler can result in up to 50-fold reduction in the amount of sediment processed, regardless of .these constraints. A previously published equation for sampling variance, based on >3000 sets of replicate marine benthic samples, suggests that the use of small samplers over large ones requires processing of one-half to one-twentieth of the sediment for the same level of precision. It is concluded that discussions of sampling optimization should be based on knowledge of real sampling costs. Dept. de Sci. Biol., Univ. de Montreal, C.P. 6128, Succursale 'A', Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada.

90:2959 Galkin, S.V., 1988. Use of a towed submersible to

identify hydrothermai [vents] from biological

anomalies and for investigation of bottom fauna. Oceanology (a translation of Okeanologiia), 28(5):661-663.

Towed submersibles are being used increasingly in biooceanolgy. During a recent Soviet cruise in the northeastern Pacific, a submersible was used to find hydrothermal anomalies from biological indicators and to study the structure of bottom communities of adjoining areas. Experience with the submersibles in various types of biological investigations is analyzed, and the main approaches to improving the technique in connection with biological problems are identified. Shirshov Inst. of Oceanol., Acad. of Sci., Moscow, USSR.

90:2960 Grecay, P.A., 1989. An apparatus for monitoring and

controlling turbidity in biological experiments. Mar. Biol, 103(3):421-426.

A computer controlled, recirculating aquarium system is described which constantly monitors the turbidity in several treatment levels and responds appropriately to maintain treatments at the desired level. This system allows long-term turbidity experiments to be performed while continuously recording all turbidity measurements collected for each treatment during the course of the experiment. Univ. of Delaware, Coll. of Mar. Studies, Lewes, DE 19958, USA.

90:2961 Lui, Roger, 1989. Asymptotic behavior of solutions to

an evolutionary ecology model with diffusion. SIAM J. appL Math~ 49(5):1447-1461. Dept. of Math., Univ. of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.

90:2962 Petersen, H.T., 1989. Determination of an lsochrysis

galbana algal bloom by L-tryptophan fluorescence. Mar. Pollut. Bull~ 20(9):447-451.

A method for the determination of an I. galbana bloom based on the fluorescence of L-tryptophan has been developed. With excitation at 270 nm the resulting fluorescence at 330 nm and 650 nm showed a good linear response to number o-f c ells.-Tl~e ratio of the fluorescence signal at 330 nm and 650 nm was used to separate the L-tryptophan signal from contaminants such as oil and yellow substance. Dept. of Phys. Oceanogr., Univ. of Copenhagen, Haraldsgade 6, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.

460 E. Biological Oceanography OLR (1990) 37 (5)

90:2963 Riddle, M.J., 1989. Bite profiles of some benthic grab

samplers. Estuar. coast. Shelf Sci, 29(3):285-292. Australian Inst. of Mar. Sci., P.M.B. No. 3, Townsville, M.C., 4810 Qld, Australia.

90:2964 Riddle, M.J., 1989. Precision of the mean and the

design of benthos sampling programmes: caution advised. Mar. Biol, 103(2):225-230.

Downing (1979, 1980) calculated a regression equation to predict sample variance from sampler size and population density and concluded that massive savings (1300-50(K~) of total surface area sampled may be achieved by using small surface area sample limits. These conclusions are misleading. The data set used for the regression does not adequately cover the combination of a low-density population sampled by a device of small surface area. In studies of the benthos of Belhaven Bay (East Lothian) and Loch Creran (Argyll), Scotland, a sampler of small surface area provided a saving of ~20% of total area sampled. Whether such a small saving is justifiable will depend on the extra field expenses incurred by taking many small samples. Australian Inst. of Mar. Sci., P.M.B. No.3, Townsville M.C., Qld. 4810, Australia.

90:2965 Wilson, R.P. et al., 1989. An inexpensive depth gauge

for marine animals. Mar. Biol, 103(2):275-283.

Current models of time-at-depth gauges are so expensive that few can be deployed and only limited data obtained. We describe an inexpensive depth gauge for use on marine animals, which we tested on diving birds. The device was constructed from components costing <$2 (U.S.), and had a mass of 6 g. The gauge employs photographic film to record the depth-dependent position of a light emitting diode. The total time that the animal spends at each depth underwater can be determined. Inst. fur Meeresk. an der Univ. Kiel, Dusternbrooker Weg 20, D-2300 Kiel 1, FRG.

FA0. Area studies, surveys (baselines, ecology, etc.)

90:2966 Baird, Daniel and Robert E. Ulanowicz, 1989. The

seasonal dynamics of the Chesapeake Bay ecosystem. EcoL Monogr, 59(4):329-364.

Quantitative analysis techniques are used to elu- cidate the seasonal energy flow and trophic dynamics of the Chesapeake Bay ecosystem. Although each

subcommunity showed a distinct seasonal pattern, the overall ecosystem structure remained fairly stable throughout the year. Summer zooplankton grazing is controlled by ctenophore and sea nettle predation, leaving ungrazed phytoplankton to supply energy to the pelagic microbial community and to the benthic community. Detritivorous exceeds herbivorous grazing by about ten-fold, and 70% of the detritus comes from internal recycling. Despite significant recycling, the number of cycles is small, suggesting that the system may be stressed. Dept. of Zool., Univ. of Port Elizabeth, P.O. Box 1600, Port Elizabeth 6000, Republic of South Africa. (gsb)

E50. General biology, ecology, biogeography, etc.

90:2967 Vermeij, G.J., 1989. Review. Interoceanic differences

in adaptation: effects of history and productivity. Mar. EcoL-Prog. Ser, 57(3):293-305.

Tropical shallow-water marine biotas fall into four biologically distinct regions differing in species diversity and such attributes as size and architecture of individual organisms and habitat specialization patterns. These regions are the Indo-West Pacific, the eastern Pacific, and the western and eastern Atlantic. Previous work suggested that many of the observed differences reflect contrasting geological and biological histories as well as interoceanic productivity patterns, which together have resulted in interoceanic differences in the evolutionary impact of competition, predation, and symbiosis. The purpose of this paper is to assess this picture in light of new data on predation of shell-breaking gastropods and other recent work. Dept. of Zool., Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.

90:2968 Weinberg, J.R. and V.R. Starczak, 1989. Morpho-

logical divergence of eastern Pacific and Car- ibhean isopods: effects of a land barrier and the Panama Canal. Mar. Biol, 103(2):143-152.

Populations that were split by the Isthmus of Panama ~ 3 myBP and have evolved in allopatry since that time are known as geminates. Three morphs of Excirolana braziliensis, one in the Car- ibbean and two in the eastern Pacific, were discov- ered using numerical taxonomic methods that adjust for body size. The presumed geminates (one Pacific morph and one Caribbean morph) differ primarily with respect to the rostrum, antennae and one male reproductive structure. Divergence between geminates is greater than divergence between local

OLR (1990) 37 (5) E. Biological Oceanography 461

populations of any morph along a coastline. Biol. Dept., WHOI, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.

90:2969 Yamada, S.B., 1989. Are direct developers more

locally adapted than planktonic developers? Mar. Biol, 103(3):403-411.

The hypothesis that populations of direct developers exhibit greater geographic differentiation in life history features than populations of planktonic developers was tested with two species of grazing snails from 1986 to 1987. Littorina sitkana (direct developer) and L. scutulata (planktonic developer) coexist on sun- and wave-sheltered beaches from Alaska to Oregon. Seasonal patterns in growth, survival and reproduction were monitored for samples from four geographically separated populations of each species. Environmental and population effects on growth in the two species were determined in a four-way reciprocal transplant experiment with the same populations. Differenti- ation in the direct developer occurred over distances shorter than 30 km, while differentiation in the planktonic developer occurred over the 500 km distance examined. Zool. Dept., Cordley Hall 3029, Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR 97331-2914, USA.

ES0. Plankton (also pr imary productivity, seston and detritus)

90:2970 Auras-Schudnagies, Anabelle et al., 1989. Distri-

butional pattern of planktonic foraminifers and pteropods in surface waters and top core sediments of the Red Sea, and adjacent areas controlled by the monsoonal reglme and other ecological factors. Deep-Sea Res~ 36(IOA): 1515- 1533.

Summer distribution patterns of living planktonic foraminifers and pteropod in the western Arabian Sea, Gulf of Aden and Red Sea reflect a hydrographic system mainly controlled by monsoonal winds and evaporation rates. Trends in surface water foraminiferal distribution compare well with those of the sea floor for specimens >250 /tm. The living pteropod distribution pattern in the Red Sea is closely related to distinct water masses and corre- sponds to the distribution in top core sediments. Pteropods are absent in Gulf of Aden and western Arabian Sea sediments due to dissolution. Abun- dance data indicate local upwelling processes in the Bab el Mandeb area. Inst. fur Geol. and Palaontol., Univ. Hannover, Callinstr. 30, D-3000 Hannover, FRG.

90:2971 Barthel, K.-G. et al., 1989. Concentration of live pico-

and nanoplankton by means of tangential flow filtration. J. Plankt. Res~ 11(6):1213-1221.

A tangential flow filtration system for concentrating live pico- and nanoplankton was tested on natural seawater from Kiel Bight. Twenty- to thirty-fold concentration of samples ranging from 79 to 152 dm 3 was easily achieved, the time necessary depending on sample volume, pumping pressure and ill- trate/retentate ratio. Losses of different kinds of cells in relation to the concentration factor were quantified. Recovery rates were negatively correlated with the frequency of sample recirculation through the filtration unit. Univ. of Tromso, Mar. Biol. Sta., PO Box 2550, N-9001 Tromso, Norway.

90:2972 Bidigare, R.R., 1989. Potential effects of UV-B

radiation on marine organisms of the Southern Ocean: distributions of phytoplankton and krill during austral spring. Photochem. Photobiol., 50(4):469-477.

A preliminary assessment of the available literature suggests that Antarctic phytoplankton and krilI receive very low doses of UV-B during austral spring. The high spectral attenuation coefficients associated with the environments in which most plankton are found during springtime precludes the possibility of UV damage. Future research directions are described which should provide a better under- standing of the ecological consequences of the 'ozone hole' which resides over the Antarctic continent during austral spring. Dept. of Oceanogr., Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX 77843, USA.

90:2973 Bityukov, E.P., Yu.I. Ol'shanskiy and I.M. Serikova,

1988. Fine structure of the bioluminescence field and its correlation with the distributions of hydrobioiogical characteristics. Oceanology (a translation of Okeanologiia), 28(5):p.584. Inst. of Biol. of the Southern Seas, Ukrainian Acad. of Sci., Sevastopol, USSR.

90:2974 Bloesch, Jtlrg and H.-R. Btlrgi, 1989. Changes in

phytoplankton and zooplankton biomass and composition reflected by sedimentation. LimnoL Oceanogr, 34(6): 1048-1061.

Eight 2-week limnocorral (LC) experiments were performed in Lake Lucerne, Switzerland, during 1982-1984 to study the effects of biomanipulation. The large zooplankton were removed in some LCs and different phosphorus fertilization regimes were


applied. Chl a and sestonic POC and PP concentrations decreased significantly in the presence of crustacean zooplankton, whereas algal biomass was less affected. The significant shift from nanoplankton to net plankton in both filtered and control LCs could not be attributed solely to selective zooplankton grazing but was also induced by different algal nutrient strategies. In the control LCs, herbivorous crustaceans increased POC and PP sedimentation by 14-50 and 25-57% due to fecal pellet production. Inst. of Aquatic Sci., Swiss Fed. Inst. of Tech., Ueberlandstr. 133, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzer- land.

90:2975 Brown, R.G.B. and D.E. Gasldn, 1989. Summer

zooplankton distributions at the surface of the outer Bay of Fundy, eastern Canada. Can. J. Zool, 67(11):2725-2730. Canadian Wildlife Serv., Bedford Inst. of Oceanogr., P.O. Box 1006, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada.

90:2976 Bryan, C.F., R.D. Hartman and J.W. Korth, 1989.

An adjustable macroplankton gear for shallow water sampling. NE Gulf Sci~ 10(2):159-161. Louisiana Coop. Fish and Wildlife Res. Unit, Agrie. Exp. Sta., Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.

90:2977 Checkley, D.M. Jr. and C.A. Miller, 1989. Nitrogen

isotope fractionation by oceanic zooplankton. Deep-Sea Res~ 36(10A): 1449-1456.

The ratio of 15N:t4N for particulate matter suspended in oceanic, surface waters is high after recent nitrate depletion and low in the stable, oligotrophic ocean. We hypothesize that zooplankters and other pelagic heterotrophs produce ZSN-depleted ammonium and ~SN-enriched particulate matter that are, respectively, recycled in and exported from the euphotic zone and thus cause the low values of tSN:14N in oligotrophie seas. Heretofore, this pattern was attributed to N-fixation by phytoplankton. We measured the ratio of t~N:14N in the bodies and excreted ammonium of zooplankters from the northwest Pacific Ocean and compared these values to the ratio of ISN:14N for subeuphotic ~dissolved nitrate. Oceanic zooplankton excrete ammonium that is isotopically light relative to their bodies and subeuphotic nitrate, consistent with our hypothesis and the view that the phytoplankton of oligotrophic seas is nourished primarily by N recycled within the euphotic zone. Nitrate injected into the euphotic zone may be manifest and hence detected by an increase of the ratio ~SN:t4N for the particulate

matter suspended therein. Dept. of Mar., Earth, and Atmos. Sci., Box 8208, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695-8208, USA.

90:2978 Chepurnova, E.A. and L.G. Gutveyb, 1988. Distri-

bution and size structure of phototrophie bacterioplankton (eyanobacteria) in the Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean. Oceanology (a translation of Okeanologiia), 28(5):643-647.

The distribution of cyanobacteria as compared with total bacterioplankton was studied in the Mediter- ranean Sea and off the west coast of Africa from November 1985-January 1986. Fluorescence mi- croscopy indicated that the abundance of chroococ- coid cyanobacteria was two to three orders of magnitude smaller than that of nonfluorescing bacteria. The cyanobacteria cells were larger than other bacterial cells, with an average of four times the volume. The biomass of cyanobaeteria was a significant percentage of total bacterioplankton biomass only in the surface interval. Inst. of Biol. of the Southern Seas, Acad. of Sci., Sevastopol, USSR.

90:2979 Durbin, E.G. and A.G. Durbin, 1989. Secondary

production by zooplankton in Narragansett Bay. Maritimes, 33(4):8-11.

Seasonal trends in phyto- and zooplankton populations were examined at seven stations along a transect from the upper bay (where phytoplankton growth is highest) to the less productive lower bay. Both seasonal and spatial patterns were discerned for the phytoplankton and studies of the two dominant zooplankton, Acartia hudsonica and A. tonsa indicated that different factors influenced growth and egg production in the two species. Despite the high phytoplankton concentrations in the bay, A. tonsa appears to be limited by food supply, while A. hudsonica is most influenced by temperature. Grad. School of Oceanogr., Univ. of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA. (gsb)

90:2980 Eilertsen, H.C., J.P. Taasen and J.M. Weslawski,

1989. Phytoplankton studies in the fjords of west Spitzbergen: physical environment and production in spring and summer. J. Plankt. Res~ i 1 (6): 1245-1260.

The phytoplankton in the fjords of west Spitzbergen was investigated from 1978 to 1985. The spring bloom lasted longer than at the Norwegian coast: from mid-March to early June. There is no delay in the onset of the spring bloom in Spitzbergen fjords relative to fjords of northern Norway. This is

OLR (I 990) 37 (5) E. Biological Oceanography 463

probably related to the rapid daylength increase at high latitudes. The phytoplankton species composition during spring was comparable to that along the coast of northern Norway. Annual primary production in the investigated area was calculated to be 150 g C m -2 y-t. Norwegian Coil. of Fish. Sci., Univ. of Tromso, PO Box 3083, Guleng, 9001, Tromso, Norway.

90:2981 Flint, M.V. and Ye.V. Yakushev, 1988. Spatial

structure of mesoplankton and distribution of dissolved ammonia in the vicinity of Pulkovskaya Seamount [South Pacific Rise]. Oceanology (a translation of Okeanologiia), 28(5):655-660. Shir- shov Inst. of Oceanol., Acad. of Sci., Moscow, USSR.

90:2982 GonzAlez, Humberto et al., 1989. Winter-spring

variabRity of size-fractioned autotrophic biomass in Concepci6n Bay, Chile. J. Plankt. Res., 11(6): 1157-1167.

A clear vertical biomass gradient was found in all profiles, with maximum values in the surface layer. Chlorophyll values were on average 6.2 times higher at 1 m than at 25 m, and 7.4 times more at 8 m than at 25 m. Total biomass increased from winter to late spring. During the sampling period (June-Novem- ber), the nanno- and net-plankton were more abundant near the surface than close to the bottom; however, the picoplankton showed an inverse relationship. The highest absolute biomass was concentrated in the net-plankton fraction, and the relative importance of picoplankton decreased from winter to spring. Alfred Wegener Inst. fur Polar and Meeresforsehung, Bremerhaven, FRG.

90:2983 Holliday, D.V., R.E. Pieper and G.S. Kleppel, 1989.

Determination of zooplankton size and distribution will/muitifrequency acoustic technology. J. Cons. int. Explor. Met, 46(1):52-61.

The theoretical basis for using multiple acoustic frequencies in the assessment of small zooplankton distribution is discussed. Acoustic data collected with the Multifrequeney Acoustic Profiling System, which uses 21 discrete frequencies in the band between 100 kHz and 10 MHz, are transformed to plots of zooplankton abundance versus size and depth for individual casts. Acoustic estimates of abundance versus size for individual casts are combined to illustrate 2-D spatial distribution and temporal variations. These patterns are compared with data collected at the same time for T, S, and chlorophyll fluorescence. Illustrations from several

contrasting environments are included. Tracor Appl, Sci., 9150 Chesapeake Dr., San Diego, CA 92123, USA.

90:2984 Hudson, R.J.M. and F.M.M. Morel, 1989. Distin-

gulshlng between extra- and intracellular iron in marine phytoplankton. LimnoL Oceanogr, 34(6): 1113-1120.

We demonstrate the utility of the inorganic reductant titanium (III) complexed by citrate and EDTA as a reagent for rapidly dissolving extracellular Fe at pH 8 without causing cell breakage or toxicity. The method allows an experimental distinction tO be made between extra- and intracellular Fe, even in the presence of large quantitites of precipitated Fe hydroxides. Our results confirm previous work showing that such a distinction is essential for the study of transplasmalemma Fe transport by these and other aquatic organisms. R.M. Parsons Lab., Bldg. 48-425, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

90:2985 James, A.G., T. Probyn and L. Hutchings, 1989.

Laheratory-derived carbon and nitrogen budgets for the omnivorous planktivore Engrau//s eapens/s Giichrist. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol~ 131(2): 125-145. Sea Fish. Res. Inst., Private Bag X2, Rogge Bay, Cape Town 8012, South Africa.

90:2986 Jochem, F. and B. Babenerd, 1989. Naked Dictyocha

specu/um--a new type of phytoplankton bloom in the western Baltic. Mar. Biol, 103(3):373-379.

We report on the bloom incidence of the naked form of the silicoflagellate D. speculum. This special form does not develop the siliceous skeletons which normally characterize the genus Dictyocha; its growth is apparently independent of the availability of dissolved silicate. The lirst massive bloom of this organism was observed in the Kiel Bight area, in May 1983. Since then, late-spring blooms of this flagellate have become a common phenomenon in the western Baltic. We suggest that this new type of bloom is related to changes in nutrient conditions due to increased eutrophication. Inst. for Meeresk. an dcr Univ. Kid.; Dusternbrooker Weg 20, D-2300 Kid, FRG.

90:2987 Murdoch, R.C., 1989. The effects of a headland eddy

on surface macro-zooplankton assemblages north of Otago Penin~lfla, New Zealand. Estuar. coast. ShelfSci, 29(4):361-383. DSIR, NZOI, Pvt. Bag, Kilbirnie, Wellington, New Zealand.

464 E. Biological Oceanography OLR (1990)37 (5)

90:2988 Murray, J.W. et al., 1989. Nutrient assimilation,

export production and Z34Th scavenging in the eastern equatorial Pacific. Deep-Sea Res~ 36(10A): 1471-1489.

Primary productivity, nitrogen uptake, and the distribution and vertical fluxes of POC, PON, chlorophyll, phaeopigments and 234Th were analyzed at four stations--two north and two south of the equatorial front. Most analyses show little variation across the front, which is a boundary between cold, nutrient-rich and warm, nutrient-poor surface waters. New production and f-ratio were calculated using several approaches. At three stations these independent estimates agreed to within a factor of two. All estimates are lower than expected from published f vs. N O r concentrations or f vs. primary production curves. The residence time of z34Th is about a factor of three less than that of C, but agrees well with total suspended matter; residence time of N is N50% longer than that of C. School of Oceanogr., Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.

90:2989 Oviatt, Candace et al., 1989. Phytoplankton species

and abundance in response to eutrophication in coastal marine mesocosms. J. Plankt. Res., 11(6):1223-1244.

In a mesocosm nutrient enrichment experiment the species and abundances of diatoms, dinoflagellates, flagellates, monads and ciliates were identified and counted over a 16-too period. Diatoms and ciliates increased with increasing nutrient treatment while monads and flagellates, <10 lam in size, did not. By contrast, in the field diatoms sometimes appeared to decrease while small phytoplankton < I 0 /tm appeared to increase under eutrophic conditions. In some instances, grazing controlled abundances to low levels in nutrient-enriched treatments. Self- shading by phytoplankton limited upper levels of abundance when nutrients were excessive. Gener- ally, species did not appear to change with nutrient treatment. Grad. School of Oceanogr., Univ. of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI 02882-1197, USA.

90:2990 Parslow, J.S. and A.J. Gabric, 1989. Advection,

dispersal and plankton patchiness on the Great Barrier Reef. Aust. J. mar. Freshwat. Rest 40(4):403-419.

The relative dispersal of a patch of planktonic larvae subject to advection through a complex reef matrix is considered. Garrett's (1983) theory for dispersal of tracer in the open ocean is applied to the Great

Barrier Reef. A simplified numerical model of flow through a reef matrix suggests that a point release of tracer will expand to a patch N20 km in radius after 15-20 d. The predicted tracer domain is not "streaky,' but does exhibit fluctuations in concentration, with a coefficient of variation of 1-2 on 2-3 km length scales. Div. of Fish., CSIRO, G.P.O. Box 1538, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia.

90:2991 Sabatrs, A., J.M. Gili and F. Pages, 1989. Rela-

tionship between zooplankton distribution, geographic characteristics and hydrographic patterns off the Catalan coast (western Mediterranean). Mar. Biol~ 103(2):153-159.

We studied the distribution patterns of ten zooplankton taxa of the Catalan coast using data collected along the continental shelf from April to July and September to October 1983. Zooplankton biomass ranged from 0.2-0.4 mg m -3 to 48-60 mg m -3, the greatest values being recorded between April and May. We identified the main factors contributing to the observed pattern of zooplankton distribution as the high degree of environmental fluctuation close to the coast, the structural het- erogeneity inherent to the continental shelf, and the persistence of a hydrographical front along the margin of the shelf. Inst. de Ciene. del Mar, Paseo Nacl. s/n, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain.

90:2992 Sahlsten, Elisabeth and Fred SOrensson, 1989.

Planktonic nitrogen transformations during a declining cyanobacteda bloom in the Baltic Sea. J. Plankt. Res, 11(6):1117-1128.

Ammonium regeneration was substantial, but production of urea and nitrate was slow in tSN-labelled nitrogen nutrient uptake experiments. The integrated daily uptake for O-15 m was 6-21 mmol N m -2 d -~, of which regenerated ammonium and urea constituted 71-93%. Nitrate was of minor importance; highest nitrate uptake rates were found close to the ther- moeline and in the southern Baltic. Contrary to earlier findings, the concentration of DON increased with increasing salinity. This was correlated with bloom decline and is suggested to be a result of a gradual release of less easily utilized DON from cyanobaeteria degradation. Dept. of Mar. Micro- biol., Univ. of Goteborg, Carl Skottsbergs Gata 22, S-413-19 Goteborg, Sweden.

90:2993 Savenko, V.S., 1989. Elemental composition of ocean

plankton. Geochem. int. (a translation of Geo- khimiya), 26(3):9-15.


Data on the compositions of oceanic phytoplankton, zooplankton, and total plankton are surveyed. Mean levels are given for 71 elements. The composition is related to that of the suspensate, which confirms that the latter is mainly biogenie. Moscow Univ., Mos- cow, USSR.

90:2994 Shapiro, L.P., Lisa Campbell and E.M. Haugen,

1989. Immunochemlcal recognition of phytoplankton species. Mar. EcoL-Prog. Ser~ 57(3): 219-224.

We have developed polyclonal antisera to phytoplankton species from most major groups of ultraplankton taxa. Surface antigens were provided by 7 clonal cultures of cells from 6 major algal groups. For each antigen we obtained an antiserum that was at least genus-specific; most were species-specific. Within species, clones isolated from widely different geographic and ecological origins all cross reacted. In the one species where life history stages were tested (Emiliania huxley 0 both the flagellated and non-motile stages reacted. The immunofluorescence assay approach allows identification of very small species and quantification of specific components in the natural community, permitting studies of spatial and temporal changes in dominance and diversity within the ultraplankton community. Bigelow Lab. for Ocean Sci., McKown Point, West Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575, USA.

90:2995 Siokou-Frangou, I. and E. Papathanassiou, 1989.

Aspects of coastal zooplankton of the Rhodes Island (Aegean Sea, Greece). Vie Milieu, 39(2): 77-85. (In French, English abstract.) Cre. Natl. de Recherehes Mar., Ag. Kosmas, GR-166 04, Hellinikon, Athens, Greece.

90:2996 Sommer, Ulrich, 1989. Maximal growth rates of

Antarctic phytoplankton: only weak dependence on cell size. LimnoL Oceanogr~ 34(6): 1109-1112.

Maximal growth rates of 15 Antarctic phytoplankton species at 0~ ranged from 0.32 to 0.72 d -~, showing only a weak dependence on cell size. Comparisons were made with two models for size dependence of temperature-corrected rates of maximal growth. Sehlesinger's general phytoplankton model predicts a strong size dependence of growth rates and grossly underestimates the maximal growth rates of the larger species, but gives reasonable estimates for the smallest ones. Banse's marine diatom model assumes a weak size dependence of growth rates and gives generally better predictions. Max Planck Inst. fur Limnol., P.O. Box 165, D~ Plon, FRG.

90:2997 Strunin, D.V., 1988. Stationary distributions of

nutrients and phytoplankton in the ocean. Ocean- ology (a translation of Okeanologiia), 28(5):648- 651.

A two-layered model of the evolution of horizontal distributions of nutrients and phytoplankton in the ocean in the presence of a local nutrient source is investigated. There exist two stable steady-state distributions, one of which has a maximum in the phytoplankton concentration, and the other an infinite series of maxima. A finite expression for the total steady-state abundance of phytoplankton re- suiting from the nutrient source is derived. Shirshov Inst. of Oceanol., Acad. of Sci., Moscow, USSR.

90:2998 Taguchi, Satoru and E.A. Laws, 1989. Biomass and

compositional characteristics of Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, Hawaii, phyloplankton inferred from regression analysis. Pacif. Sci~ 43(4):316-331.

Regression analysis of chl a and particulate C and N data from size-fractionated Kaneohe Bay phytoplankton samples obtained weekly during 1986--1988 is presented. The results are compared with earlier data generated before (1970-1977) and immediately after (1978-1979) diversion of a sewage outfall. During the 1986-88 study, PC and PN concentrations were highly variable within and between years, and high concentrations were associated with heavy precipitation. A bloom event in January 1988 following heavy rains and spring tides, during which chl a levels reached four times the highest concentrations measured during sewage discharge, is attributed to nutrients from land run-off and decomposition of salinity stress casualties. Phytoplankton C:N ratios apparently have not been affected by the diversion, but C'chl and N:chl ratios increased. Dept. of Oceanogr., Univ. of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA. (gsb)

90:2999 Thompson, P.A., M.E. Levasseur and P.J. Harrison,

1989. Light-limited growth on ammonhun vs. nitrate: what is the advantage for marine phytoplankton? Limnol. Oceanogr. 34(6): 1014-1024.

Thalassiosira pseudonana was grown in semieon- tinuous culture on either NO3- or NH4 + at nine different photon flux densities (PFDs). At high PFDs NO3--grown cells had 21% lower carbon quotas than NH4+-grown cells. At high PFDs the possibility exists that competition for reductant may reduce growth rates and carbon quotas for NO3-- grown cells. At light-limited growth rates (low PFDs) NO3--grown cells used more reductant overall and

466 E. Biological Oceanography OLR (I 990) 37 (5)

up to 51% more reductant per unit chl a than NH4§ cells to store C and N. These results suggest that use of NO3- rather than NH4 § is of little energetic importance in terms of growth rate at low PFDs. Dept. of Oceanogr., Univ. of British Colum- bia, Vancouver, BC V6T IW5, USA.

90:3000 Vernet, M., A. Neori and F.T. Haxo, 1989. Spectral

properties and photosynthetic action in rod-tide populations of Proroomtrum mlcans and Con. yaulax polyedra. Mar. Biol. 103(3):365-371.

In the near UV, high attenuance and diminished photosynthetic effectiveness were observed in both dinoflagellates. In the visible region, photosynthetic action spectra displayed the characteristic shapes expected from efficient Photosystem II light harvesting by peridinin and chlorophylls a and c v In P. micans a high content of diadinoxanthin was found, and the possible role of this yellow xanthophyll as a photoprotective pigment is discussed. However, enhancement spectra suggest that some portion of the diadinoxanthin pool functions as a Photosystem I antenna in this species. The data on P. micans and G. po~,edra support the hypothesis that UV-ab- sorbing compounds and diadinoxanthin play pro- tective roles in screening harmful radiation in red-tide dinoflagellates exposed to high-light conditions. Polar Res. Prog., A-002, Scripps Inst. of Oceanogr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.

90:3001 Vincent, Michel, 1988. [Role and transformation of

carotenoid pigments in marine troplfie webs.] Mer, Tokyo, 26(4):139-147. (In French, English abstract.) Lab. de Biochim. et Ecol. des In- vertebres Marins, Ctr. d'Oceanol, de Marseille, Station mar. d'Endoume, 13007 Marseille, France.

90:3002 Vinogradov, M.Y~e. and E.A. Shushkina, 1988.

Measurement of the pelagic population of the Pacific Ocean. Productivity regions and photosynthetic primary production. Oceanology (a translation of Okeanologiia), 28(5):636-642.

Analysis of all available published data on the Pacific Ocean identifies three productivity regions (rich, poor, intermediate), subdivided into 12 productivity regions with epipelagic communities having common or similar characteristics. Averaging of data on the communities of these regions obtained at >200 stations gives mean values of the elements for each region, including primary production values. Using the areas of these regions, the annual primary production for the entire Pacific Ocean is 48 x 109

tons C, so that the value for the oceans as a whole approaches (90-100) • 109 tons C/yr. Shirshov Inst. of Oceanol., Acad. of Sci., Moscow, USSR.

90:3003 Witek, Zbigniew and Alina Krajewska-Soltys, 1989.

Some examples of the epipelagic plankton size structure in high latitude oceans. J. Plankt. Res. 11(6):1143-1155.

Plankton from the North Atlantic and Antarctic in the size range of several micrometers to several centimeters were collected and analysed for composition and concentration in log 2 individual body volume classes. Open-ocean North Atlantic plankton size spectra indicated a generally equal biomass level over the whole size range. Their moderate irregularities suggest the existence of some constraints specific to size. Plankton size spectra from the Antarctic Peninsula region and from shallow, coastal waters show greater irregularities, which probably result from strong external influences. Sea Fish. Inst., A1 Zjednoczenia 1, 81-345 Gdynia, Poland.

90:3004 Yamamoto, Tamiji, 1989. Study on heterogeneous

distribution of plankters at oceanic fronts. [1989 Okada Prize lecture.] d. oceanogr. Soc. Japan, 45(3):233-241. (In Japanese, English abstract.)

The study focuses on the formation and retention mechanisms of phytoplankton peak abundance at the Kuroshio Front; and comparisons are made to the Oyashio Front, Antarctic Polar Front, and the Subtropical Convergence. The primary objective is to study the role of oceanic fronts in fish ecology. The concentrated phyto- and zooplankton communities at oceanic fronts support migrating fish and post-hatching juveniles which are transported from coastal areas. Aiehi Prefectural Fish. Exp. Sta., 97 Wakamiya, Miyacho, Gamagori, Aichi 443, Japan.

90:3005 Youngbluth, M.J. et al., 1989. Fecal pellet production

and diel migratory behavior by the euphausiid Meganyctiphanes norvegica effect benthic--pelagic coupling. Deep-Sea Res. 36(10A): 1491-1501.

Observations made during submersible dives revealed that high densities of fecal pellets accumu- lated at night in 5-24 m thick layers coincident with the pycnocline within the Gulf of Maine and canyons south of Georges Bank. These large, cylindrical particles sank rapidly and could transport substantial amounts of organic matter to the bottom. Vertically migrating euphausiids, M. norvegica, produced the pellets. These individuals represented only part of enormous aggregations of adults that


remained within I0 m of the seabed day and night and appeared to forage in the benthic boundary region. These discoveries reveal that environmental factors and zooplankton behaviors can influence the rate and amount of particle flux. Furthermore, the unexpected observations of prodigious, epibenthic stocks of krill disclosed the distribution of major food resources that have supported the centuries-old fisheries in this region. Harbor Br. Oceanogr. Inst., Fort Pierce, FL 34946, USA.

90:3006 Zubkov, M.V., 1988. Methods of determining the rate

of protein synthesis by mlcroplankton. Ocean- ology (a translation of Okeanologiia), 28(5):652- 654.

Investigations of a natural community of microplankton and of microorganisms in a marine aquarium indicate that t4C-leucine is taken up by pro- karyotic and unicellular eukaryotic organisms. The rate of protein synthesis, an integral characteristic of microplankton communities, can be evaluated from the rate of this process. Shirshov Inst. of Oceanol., Acad. of Sci., Moscow, USSR.

E l 0 0 . N e k t o n (communit ies; also fish, rep- tiles, mammals)

90:3007 Eckert, S.A. et al., 1989. Diving and foraging behavior

of leatherback sea turtles (Dermochelys coriacea). Can. J. Zool, 67(11):2834-2840. Dept. of Zool., Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.

90:3008 Felley, J.D. et al., 1989. Habitat selection by demersal

nekton: analysis of videotape data. NE Gulf Sci~ 10(2):69-84.

Data on major nekton species (fish and invertebrates) and environmental variables (bottom type, algal coverage, three-dimensional structure) were obtained for a 60 m deep sandy-bottom shelf area in the Gulf of Mexico off Pensacola, Florida using a remote-controlled videotaping system. Habitat pref- erence patterns for commonly occurring nekton species revealed that three-dimensional structure was the most important determinant followed by algal coverage, and infaunal organism composition. The epifaunal composition was only important for one species. Off. of Information Resour. Mgt., Smith- sonian Inst., 900 Jefferson Dr. SW, Washington, DC 20560, USA. (gsb)

90:3009 Gartner, J.V. Jr. and J.A. Musick, 1989. Feeding

habits of the deep-sea fish, Scopelogadus bea~i (Pisces: Melamphaldae), in the western North Atlantic. Deep-Sea Res, 36(10A):1457-1469.

Stomach contents were examined from 106 specimens (75 containing food) of the melamphaid S. beanii from slope waters of the western North Atlantic. Gelatinous zooplankton (mainly salps) and associated obligate and facultative symbiotic hyperiid amphipods were the predominant food items, although calanoid copepods were important in offshore midwater trawl specimens. Representatives from three benthic groups were recovered from stomachs of bottom trawl specimens. Limited seasonal data from bottom trawls indicate that consumption of amphipods was highest in spring while that of gelatinous zooplankton was highest in summer and autumn. There were no apparent ontogenetic shifts in diet composition. Florida Mar. Res. Inst., Dept. of Nat. Resour., 100 8th Ave. S.E., St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA.

90:3010 Kingsley, Michael, 1989. Population dynamics of the

narwhal Monodon m o n o c e r o s : an initial assess- meht (Odontoceti: Monodontidae). J. Zool, Proc. zool. Soe. Lond, 219(2):201-208.

A simplified population equation for M.monoceros shows that current estimates of the values of the life history variables are inconsistent with the hypothesis of a stationary population. Instantaneous adult mortality must be <10%/yr, not the published estimate of 12-13%/yr, for accepted values of the other variables to be consistent with stationarity. For sustainable harvest, permissible exploitation rates are no larger than 3-4%/yr, and instantaneous natural mortality must then be well below 10%/yr. Present uncertainty in the values of survival rates, both of adults and young, contributes twice as much to uncertainty in population growth rate as does uncertainty in reproductive rates. Arctic Mgmt. Res., Dept. of Fish. and Oceans, 501 Univ. Crescent, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6 Canada.

90:3011 Rails, Katherine et al., 1989. An intraperitoneal radio

transmitter for sea offers. Mar. mature. Sci~ 5(4):376-381.

A 120 g implantable radio transmitter equipped with an internal antenna and 'extremely reliable batteries' was tested over a three-year period. The design and operation of the transmitter are described along with results of 35 implantations with an average location of 526 d. The transmitter did not appear to adversely


affect sea otter reproduction or increase mortality. Major advantages of the system are long life and reliability. Dept. of Zool. Res., Natl. Zool. Park, Smithsonian Inst., Washington, DC 20008, USA. (gsb)

90:3012 Stewart, B.S. et al., 1989. llarbor seal tracking and

telemetry by satellite. Mar. mamm. Sci~ 5(4): 361-375.

A satellite Platform Transmitter Terminal (P'VI') was tested in the laboratory and in the field (Southern California Bight) on harbor seals, and compared with time-depth records (TDR) data. One uplink was obtained for the free-ranging seal in 70% (at sea) to 82% (ashore) of the satellite passes, and TDR data indicated that 20 of 62 satellite locations were at sea, suggesting a range of up to 48 km from the haul-out location. Monitoring of activity at sea was limited to gross movements, due to greatly reduced positioning accuracy as compared to onshore locations, l r lT data also did not accurately record diving activity. Improved transmission rates are necessary before satellite tracking can be useful for mapping seal foraging areas and at-sea movements. Sea World Res. Inst., llubbs Mar. Res. Ctr., 1700 South Shores Rd., San Diego, CA 92109, USA. (gsb)

E l l 0 . Bottom communities

90:3013 Alongi, D.M., 1989. Ecology of tropical soft-bottom

benthos: a review with emphasis on emerging concepts. Revta Biol. trop, 37(1):85-100.

A review of the tropical soft-bottom literature reveals that several general benthic ecology concepts, formulated mainly from temperate work, are either in need of modification or are not readily applicable to tropical benthic systems. The emerging concepts suggest that in comparison with temperate communities: (1) species diversity and faunal densities are not necessarily greater in the tropics, (2) environmental stress (excluding anthropogenic input) is generally more severe, (3) infaunal communities are composed of proportionately more small opportunistic species, (4) predation by demersal fishes and crustaceans is more intense, (5) microbes may be a C sink in some cases, (6) production is generally high, but reproduction is frequently not continuous, and (7) faunal distribution and abundances reflect temporal and spatial mosaics of major regulatory factors. Australian Inst. of Mar. Sci., P.M.B. No. 3, Townsville M.C., Qld. 4810, Australia.

90:3014 Barnett, P.R.O., J. Watson (comment), P.A. Rut-

ledge and J.W. Fleeger (reply), 1989. [Discussion of] 'Laboratory studies on core sampling with application to subtldal melobenthos collection.' Limnol. Oceanogr., 34(6): 1142-1144.

Barnett and Watson comment on two aspects of Rutledge and Fleeger~ work on meiobenthie sam- piing using three different diameter core tubes: the unexplained higher mean bead densities in the smallest diameter corers and the notion that SMBA (Scottish Mar. Biol. Assoc.) corers cannot be used under rough sea conditions. Rutledge and Fleeger reply that they made no comment on the high densities in the small tube for two reasons: lack of evidence of a real effect and no apparent physical explanation. They welcome Barnett and Watson's information regarding successful use of the SMBA multiple corer to obtain undisturbed cores under adverse weather conditions. (gsb)

90:3015 Battershill, C.N., 1989. Distribution and abundance of

benthic marine species at Cape Armitage, Ross Island, Antarctica---inltial results. N.Z. Antarct. Rec, 9(2):35-52.

The structure of the encrusting community and associated mobile predators on a shallow reef at Cape Armitage Point, Antarctica was similar to that found on New Zealand temperate reefs, but the species composition was uniquely Antarctic. In contrast to earlier reports, uninhabited substrate was observed and predator pressure was not extreme. Biotic and abiotie factors that influence the abundance and distribution of encrusting species were examined, with particular attention to sponge reproduction, and hypotheses are proposed to explain the observed community structure. Chem. Dept., Univ. of Canterbury, New Zealand. (gsb)

90:3016 Dexter, D.M., 1989. The sandy beach fauna of Egypt.

Estuar. coast. Shelf Sci, 29(3):261-271. Dept. of Biol., San Diego State Univ., San Diego, CA 92182, USA.

90:3017 Fleeger, J.W., T.C. Shirley and D.A. Ziemann, 1989.

Meiofaunal responses to sedimentation from an Alaskan spring bloom. I. Major taxa. Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser~ 57(2): 137-145.

Metazoan meiofaunal community dynamics and spring phytoplankton bloom sedimentation rates were measured concurrently in Auke Bay, Alaska, from 1985 to 1988. We test the null hypothesis that


recruitment and density maxima are unrelated to sedimentation events. Springtime chl a sedimentation was predictable and episodic; carbon sedimentation was continuous through the spring. Cumulative sedimentation varied from year to year by a factor two. At a 30 m station, seasonal variation in major taxon density was not identifiable; however, interannual variations in meiofaunal densities did occur. No consistent relationship between meiofaunal abundances and spring chl a or carbon sedimentation was found. Dept. of Zool. and Physiol., Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.

90:3018 Frid, C.L.J. and C.R. Townsend, 1989. An appraisal

of the patch dynamics concept in stream and marine benthic communities whose members are highly mobile. Oikos, 56(1):137-141.

The usefulness of disturbance and patch dynamics concepts for describing stream and marine intertidal communities was assessed. Patch dynamics models were found to be less applicable to these systems than to the forest and rocky shore communities for which they were developed. The major reasons for this are the less-well-defined resources, the lesser impact of disturbances, and the greater mobility of the fauna in the stream and intertidal communities relative to the classical patch dynamics systems. Field Studies Council Res. Ctr., Fort Popton, Angle, Pembroke, Dyfed SA71 5AD, UK. (gsb)

90:3019 Loo, L.-O. and Rutger Rosenberg, 1989. Bivalve

suspension-feeding dynamics and benthic-pelagic coupling in an eutrophicated marine bay. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol, 130(3):253-276.

The benthic macrofauna of Laholm Bay (Kattegat) down to 10-m depth is dominated by the suspension-feeding l~ivalves Cardiunz edule and Mya arenaria. To estimate seasonal and annual seston consumption by suspension-feeders, macrofaunal abundance and biomass were assessed; secondary production of the two bivalves was estimated; and the filtration rate of C. edule was experimentally determined. The bivalves filtered only approximately half of their potential feeding capacity, perhaps because of low food availability due to low turnover or physical disturbance. In autumn, the bivalves consumed >90% of the seston in comparison with net-zooplankton consumption. An energy-flow dia- gram is presented including estimates of N excretion and biodeposition. Dept. of Zool., Univ. of Gore- borg, Kristineberg Mar. Biol. Sta., 45034, Fiskeback- skil, Sweden.

90:3020 Ojeda, F.P. and J.H. Dearborn, 1989. Community

structure of macrolnvertebrates inhabiting the rocky subtidal zone in the Gulf of Maine: seasonal and bath)metric distribution. Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Set , 57(2): 147-161.

Sixty species of macroinvertebrates representing 9 phyla were found in 133 disruptive benthic sam- plings from Pemaquid Point, Maine. Crustaceans, mollusks, and polychaetes accounted for ~77% of the species identified. Green sea urchin Strongylo- centrotus droebachiensis and horse mussel Modiohts modiolus were the most important assemblage components in biomass and density. The invertebrate fauna within Modiolus beds is significantly more abundant, dense, and diverse than that outside. No significant temporal changes were observed in community biomass and density, but number of species showed marked seasonal variations. Dept. de Ecol., Pontifica Univ. Catolica de Chile, Casilla l I4-D, Santiago, Chile.

90:3021 Reidenauer, J.A., 1989. Sand-dollar l~fellita quin-

quiesperforata (Leske) burrow trails: sites of harpacticoid disturbance and nematode attraction. d. expl mar. Biol. Ecol~ 130(3):223-235. BCM Converse Inc., 108 St. Anthony St., Mobile, AL 36633, USA.

90:3022 Ritz, D.A., M.E. Lewis and Ma Shen, 1989. Re-

sponse to organic enrichment of infaunai mac- robenthlc communities under saimonld seacages. Mar. Biol., 103(2):21 !-214.

The response of infaunal macrobenthic communities beneath salmonid seacages to solid organic wastes was tested by means of the ABC-method (abundance, biomass comparison method: Warwick 1986) on samples collected from the seafarm at Badger Cove, southeast Tasmania, February-July 1988. The intermittent nature of the addition of organic waste allowed us to monitor decline and recovery of the macrofauna, i.e., harvesting of a cage permitted a period of recovery whilst restocking precipitated a decline. No such changes occurred under a cage which contained fish continuously over the same period.

90:3023 Sudara, Suraphol et al., 1988. Change in coral

community structure along the west coast of the Gulf of Thailand. Galaxea, 7(2):233-239.

A survey of the coral communities of the islands along the west coast of the Gulf of Thailand showed


a remarkable development of coral community structures. On the innermost islands, no coral community exists. Further south at Prachuab Khiri Khan a very simple coral community is found, with a very few Acropora species covering >95% of the area. Moving southward, the coral community becomes progressively more complex, with complex reef structure observed toward the central west coast. Dept. of Mar. Sci., Chulalongkorn Univ., Bangkok 10500, Thailand.

El20. Estuarine, marsh and mangrove communities

90:3026 Earle, J.C. and K.A. Kershaw, 1989. Vegetation

patterns in James Bay coastal marshes. III. Salinity and elevation as factors influencing plant zonations. Can. J. Bot. 67(10):2967-2974. Dept. of Biol., McMaster Univ., Hamilton, ON L8S 4KI, Canada.

90:3024 Tietjen, J.H. et al., 1989. Meiobenthos of the Hatteras

Abyssal Plain and Puerto Rico Trench: abundance, biomass and associations with bacteria and particulate fluxes. Deep-Sea Res, 36(10A): 1567- 1577.

An abyssal station on the Hatteras Abyssal Plain (5411 m) and two hadal stations in the Puerto Rico Trench (7460 and 8189 m) were sampled. Average meiofanna abundance was lowest at the 7460 m site and highest at the 8189 m and Hatteras sites. Analysis of meiofaunal and bacterial abundances obtained at the three sites revealed no significant associations between the two groups, though abundances of both groups decreased with sediment depth at each station. Associations between particulate flux rates and meiofauna biomass were highly significant, suggesting that flux rates measured in near-bottom traps may be useful indicators of general resources available to the meiobenthos. Dept. of Biol., City Coll. of New York, Convent Ave. at 138th St., New York, NY 10031, USA.

90:3025 Tietjen, J.H., 1989. Ecology of deep-sea nematodes

from the Puerto Rico Trench area and Hatteras Abyssal Plain. Deep-Sea Res, 36(10A):1579- 1594.

Nematode assemblages from a bathyal silty-sand and three had~tl silty-clays from the Puerto Rico Trench were compared with that from a silty-clay from the Hatteras Abyssal Plain. Five sediments at each site were dominated by species from three major genera: Theristus, Acantholaimus and Hala- laimus. At the bathyal sand site the relative abundances of these genera were reduced. Average body weight of nematodes in sand was ---,20-50% that of nematodes in the silty-clays. Deposit-feeding species dominated, but epistrate feeders were numerous in bathyal sands. Wide distribution of families and genera, and narrow distribution of species suggest that current radiation of deep-sea nematodes probably occurs at the species level. Dept. of Biol., City Coll. of New York, Convent Ave. at 138th St., New York, NY 10031, USA.

90:3027 Hutchings, M.J. and P.J. Russell, 1989. The seed

regeneration dynamics of an emergent salt marsh. J. Ecol, 77(3):615-637. School of Biol. Sei., Univ. of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex BN 1 9QG, UK.

90:3028 Lee, S.Y., 1989. The importance of Sesarminae crabs

C/dromanthes spp. and inundation frequency on mangrove (Kandelia candei (L.) Druce) leaf litter turnover in a Hong Kong tidal shrimp pond. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol, 131(1):23-43. Dept. of Zool., Univ. of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Rd., Hong Kong.

90:3029 Schalles, J.F. and D.J. Shure, 1989. Hydrology,

community structure, and productivity patterns of a dystrophic Carolina hay wetland. Ecol. Monogr. 59(4):365-385.

The hydrology, productivity, depth-associated community patterns, and seasonality of a small, shallow Carolina bay wetland are described and the dystrophic classification concept is discussed. The wetland was studied over a five-year period, and both primary and secondary production were low. Surface hydrology was dependent on seasonal and annual precipitation patterns, and distinct community zonation occurred along a depth gradient from shore to the center of the wetland depression. Biol. Dept., Creighton Univ., Omaha, NE 68178, USA. (gsb)

El40. Birds

90:3030 Adams, N.J. and C.R. Brown, 1989. Dietary differ-

entiation and trophic relationships in the sub- Zntarctic penguin community at Marion Island. Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser~ 57(3):249-258. Percy Fitz- Patrick Inst. of African Ornithol., Univ. of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa.

OLR (1990)37 (5) E. Biological Oceanography 471

90:3031 Howell, S.N.G., 1989. Additional information on the

birds of the Campeche Bank, Mexico. J. FId Orn, 60(4):504-509.

The four main islands of the Campeche Bank, Mexico, were censused, 9-18 Oct. 1984. Feral cats and petroleum development were noted as recently arrived hazards to the breeding seabirds. Eighty- three species of North American migrants were recorded, 39 of which are new to the bank and bring the total known from the islands to 106 species. Most notable were 140 individuals of six species of raptors, the majority being sharp-shinned hawks (Aecipiter striatus). Point Reyes Bird Observ., 4990 Shoreline Hwy., Stinson Beach, CA 94970, USA.

90:3032 Schwaller, M.R. et al., 1989. A remote sensing

analysis of Ad~iie penguin rookeries. Remote Sens. Environ, 28:199-206. SAIC, 400 Virginia Ave., S.W., Washington, DC 20024, USA.

90:3033 Wilson, R.P., K.A. Nagy and B.S. Obst, 1989.

Foraging ranges of penguins. Polar Rec, 25(155):303-307.

Speed/distance meters were deployed on adrlie, geutoo and chinstrap penguins Pygoscelis adeliae, P. papua and P. antarctica, breeding near Anvers Island, Antarctica. Underwater speeds and distances trav- elled were interspecifieally very similar (means of ca. 7-8 km h -t and 15-45 km, respectively). These results are compared with published data on penguin behaviour at sea obtained by using identical meth- odology. Derived range limits from a simple model based on penguin activity at sea data, are.substan- tially lower than previous estimates but accord well with distributional data obtained by transects. Percy Fitzpatrick Inst. of African Ornithology, Univ. of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7700 South Africa.

El50. Microbiology (communities, processes; also bacteria, fungi, yeasts, viruses, etc.)

90:3034 Bazylinski, D.A., C.O. Wirsen and H.W. Jannasch,

1989. Microbial utilization of naturally occurring hydrocarbons at the Guaymas Basin hydrothermal vent site. Appl. environ. Microbiol, 55(11):2832- 2836.

We investigated certain components of naturally occurring hydrocarbons as potential C sources for a

specific microflora at Guaymas Basin deep-sea vent sites. Respiratory conversion of [IJ*C]hexadecane and [l(4,5,8)-'4C]naphthalene to I*CO, was observed at 40C and 25"C, and some was observed at 55~ but none was observed at 80~ All isolates were aerobic and mesophilie with respect to growth on hydrocarbons but also grew at low temperatures. These results correlate well with previous geochem- ical analyses, indicating microbial hydrocarbon degradation, and show that some of the thermally produced hydrocarbons at Guaymas Basin are significant C sources to vent microbiota. Biol. Dept., WHOI, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.

90:3035 Buck, J.D. and R.H. Pierce, 1989. Bacteriological

aspects of Florida red tides: a revisit and newer observations. Estuar. coast. Shelf Sci. 29(4):317- 326.

A brief review is presented of the literature on bacterial occurrence in red tides caused by the dinoflagellat~ PO, chodiscus brevis. Quantitative and qualitative studies were made on Florida Gulf coast outbreaks in 1982 and 1987 and a 1987 North Carolina bloom. Non-bloom waters in both areas were sampled in 1988. Bacterial numbers were always higher than reported for a 1971 outbreak but did not routinely correlate directly with P. brevis numbers. Members of the genera Aeromonas, Altero- monas/Pseudomonas, and Vibrio were frequently isolated from the three blooms studied as well as from non-bloom waters. Several bacteria killed fish experimentally. It was concluded that a given dinoflagellate bloom is an individual event from a bacteriological standpoint. Recent reports of tetro- dotoxin production by the bacterial genera isolated above suggests a further consideration of bacteria in toxic dinoIlagellate blooms. Dept. of Mar. Sci., Univ. of Connecticut, Groton, CT 06340, USA.

90:3036 D'Croz, Luis, Juan Del Rosario and Ricardo

Holness, 1989. Degradation of red mangrove (RMzophora mangle L.) leaves in the Bay of Panama. Revta Biol. trop, 37(1):!01-104. Centro de Cien. del Mar y Limnol., Univ. de Panama, F.stafeta Univ., Panama.

90:3037 DeLaune, R.D. and C.W. Lindau, 1989. Nitrification

and nitrate reduction in bottom sediment of Louisiana's Barataria Basin. NE Gulf Sci. 10(2): 163-167. Center for Wetland Resour., Nuclear Sei. Center, Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.


90:3038 Findlay, R.H., G.M. King and Les Watling, 1989.

Efficacy of phosphelipid analysis in determining microbial biomass in sediments. Appl. environ. Microbiol, 55(11):2888-2893.

Improvements in analysis of lipid-bound phosphates resulted in a simplified method for determining microbial biomass in sediments. Sensitivity was enhanced over previous methods by use of malachite green. The use of a persulfate oxidation technique to liberate phosphate from lipids increased the sim- plicity and safety of the method relative to tradi- tional perchloric acid digestions. Comparison with an epiflurorescence technique indicated that the analysis was more rapid and could be successfully applied to a wider variety of sediment types. An estimate of the lipid-bound phosphate-to-carbon conversion factor based on a diverse enrichment culture from sediments suggested that previous factors for pure cultures may have been too low. Darling Mar. Ctr., Univ. of Maine, Walpole, ME 04573, USA.

90:3039 Fuhrman, J.A. et al., 1989. Dominance of bacterial

biomass in the Sargasso Sea and its ecological implications. Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser, 57(3):207- 217.

Depth profiles of planktonic nonphotosynthetic bacteria (BACT), cyanobacteria, and both photosynthetic and heterotrophic nanoplankton to 2600 m in the Sargasso Sea in summer and fall (least productive times) indicate that BACT biomass dominates at all depths. BACT contain > 7 0 of the microbial C and >80% of the microbial N in the euphotic zone, and ~90% of the biological surface area. Conventional measurements of POC and PON collected on glass fiber filters may be missing most of the biomass. Results imply a fundamental dif- ference between oligotrophic and eutrophic waters with respect to b/iomass distribution, and that BACT are major particulate C and N reservoirs in the sea. Dept. of Biol. Sci., Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0371, USA.

90:3040 Mayer, L.M., 1989. Extracellular proteolytic enzyme

activity [EPAI in sediments of an intertidal mudflat. Limnol. Oceanogr, 34(6):973-981.

EPA was examined over a 2-yr period, with focus on characteristics of enzyme systems and the controlling influences on enzyme activity levels. EPA was primarily associated with the particulate rather than the pore-water phase. Temperature optima increased with depth in the sediment. The hypothesis of

progressive humification of enzyme activity with depth was discarded on the basis of results from thermal denaturation experiments. EPA levels decreased with depth and hence correlated with substrate concentration and bacterial populations, but not tightly. Seasonal variations in EPA varied with the temperature cycle consistent with, though somewhat damped relative to, the temperature dependence of the enzymes themselves and showed no response to variations in substrate concentrations or bacterial numbers. Dept. of Oceanogr., Darling Mar. Ctr., Univ. of Maine, Walpole, ME 04573, USA.

90:3041 Moran, M.A. and R.E. Hodson, 1989. Formation and

bacterial utilization of dissolved organic carbon derived from detrital iignocellulose. Limnol. Oceanogr, 34(6): 1034-1047. Inst. of Ecol., Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.

90:3042 Nelson, D.C., C.O. Wirsen and H.W. Jannasch,

1989. Characterization of large, autotrophic Beg- giatoa spp. abundant at hydrothermal vents of the Guaymas Basin. Appl. environ. MicrobioL, 55(11):2909-2917. Dept. of Mierobiol., Univ. of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.

90:3043 Perales, Ildefonso and Ana Audicana, 1989. Semi-

solid media for isolation of Salmonella spp. from coastal waters. Appl. environ. Microbiol, 55(11): 3032-3033. Lab. de Salud Publica, Dir. de Salud de Vizcaya, Apdo. de Correos 6080, 48071 Bilbao, Spain.

90:3044 Repeta, D.J. et al., 1989. Evidence for anoxygenic

photosynthesis from the distribution of bacter- iochlorophylls in the Black Sea. Nature, Lond~ 342(6245):69-72.

Analyses of photosynthetic pigments in samples of suspended particulate matter from two stations in the western basin of the Black Sea yielded data which demonstrate high concentrations of a bac- teriochlorophyll at the chemocline, and thus the potential for anoxygenic photosynthesis as a com- ponent of primary production in the carbon cycle of the Black Sea. The distribution of pigments is characteristic of the obligate phototrophs Chloro- bium phaeobacteroides and C. phaeovibriodes. We suggest that anoxygenic photosynthesis is a relatively recent phenomenon in the Black Sea initiated by shallowing of the chemocline over the past decade and development of an anoxic layer devoid of 02


and H2S. Dept. of Chem., WHOI, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.

90:3045 Shieh, W.Y., Usio Simidu and Yoshiharu

Maruyama, 1989. Enumeration and characterization of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in an eelgrass ( Zostera marina) bed [Kanagawa, Japan]. Microb. Ecol, 18(3):249-259. Inst. of Oceanogr., Natl. Taiwan Univ., P.O. Box 23-13, Taipei, Taiwan.

90:3046 Wheeler, P.A. et al., 1989. Diel periodicity in

ammonium uptake and regeneration in the oceanic subarctic Pacific: implications for interac- tions in microbial food webs. Limnol. Oceanogr, 34(6): 1025-1033.

Surface water was incubated in large shipboard microcosms that allowed repeated sampling of the planktonic community for NH4 § cycling rates, bacterial production rates, and population densities of the dominant autotrophs and heterotrophs. Changes in NH4 + concentrations and isotopic enrichments indicated that regeneration took place exclusively at night. Nitrogen uptake rates and bacterial production were maximal during the day. Contrasting diel patterns suggest short-term, cyclic disequilibrium in production and grazing, and indicate that analysis of relationships within microbial populations in this type of environment will require sampling on much shorter time scales than those of previous studies. Coil. of Oceanogr., Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.

El80. Biochemistry

90:3047 Nishijima, Toshitaka and Yoshihiko Hata, 1989.

Kinetic stm[y of vitamin Biz production and consumption in natural seawater. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi (Bull.japan. Soc. scient. Fish.), 55(7): 1253-1257. Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi Univ., Nankoku, Kochi 783, Japan.

90:3048 Paull, C.K. et al., 1989. Old carbon in living

organisms and young CaCO 3 cements from abyssal brine seeps. Nature, Lond, 342(6246): 166-168.

Here we report that fossil methane is the dominant source of carbon found in living tissues and recent authigenie carbonate minerals associated with abyssal brine seeps at the base of the Florida Escarpment. Most organic carbon and authigenic carbonates

adjacent to the seeps contain progressively less modern carbon as their ~3C contents approach that of methane carried in the brine. Incorporation of fossil methane (,<< 1.3% modern carbon) into living tissues and carbonate cements results in recently formed materials which are depleted in ~4C. There- fore, t4C cannot be used to indicate the age of authigenic materials produced at the pore-water- seepage environments that speckle the continental margins of the world. Univ. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.

E220. Invertebrates (except E230-Crusta- cea, E240-Protozoa)

90:3049 Bingham, B.L. and L.J. Waiters, 1989. Solitary

ascidians as predators of invertebrate larvae: evidence from gut analyses and plankton samples. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol, 131(2):147-159. Harbor Branch Oceanogr. Inst., 5600 Old Dixie Hwy., Fort Pierce, FL 34946, USA.

90:3050 Daguzan, Jacques (and organizing committee), 1988.

]Seventh Congress of the Malacoiogy Society of France.] Rennes, 31 August-2 September, 1987. Haliotis, 18:313pp; 24 papers plus poster abstracts. (In French, English abstracts.)

General malaeology papers are presented along with reports on individual species. Topic areas include ecology, physiology, reproduction and development, nutrition and growth, ecotoxicology, and parasi- tology of terrestrial, freshwater, and marine mollusks. (gsb)

90:3051 de Weerdt, W.H., 1989. Phylogeny and vicariance

biogeography of North Atlantic Chalinidae (Hapiosclerida, Demospongiae). Beaufortia, 39(3):55-88. Inst. of Taxonomic Zool., Univ. of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 4766, 1009 AT Amster- dam, Netherlands.

90:3052 Fang, L.-s., Y.-w.J. Chen and C.-s. Chen, 1989. Why

does the white tip of stony coral grow so fast without zooxantheilae? Mar. Biol~ 103(3):359- 363. Dept. of Mar. Resour., Natl. Sun Yat-sen Univ., Kaohsiung, 80424 Taiwan.

90:3053 Ferrari, F.D. and J.H. Dearborn, 1989. A second

examination of predation on pelagic copepods by the brittle star Astrotoma agassizii. J. Plankt.

474 E. Biological Oceanography OLR (I 990) 37 (5)

Rest 11(6):1315-1320. Smithsonian Oceanogr. Sorting Ctr., Mus. of Nat. Hist., Washington, D.C. 20560, USA.

90:3054 Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove and G.J. Smith, 1989. Influ-

ence of the population density of zooxanthellae and supply of ammonium on the blomass and metabolic characteristics of the reef corals Serla- topora hystrlx and Stflophora pistillata. Mar. EcoL-Prog. Ser, 57(2):173-186. Dept. of Biol. Sci., Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0371, USA.

E230. Crustacea

90:3055 Bacescu, Mihai, 1987. Abyssal Apseudomorpha

(Crnstacea, Tanaidacea) of NW Madagascar. Tray. Mus. Hist. nat. Gr. An@a, 29:19-33.

90:3056 Bell, S.S., G.R.F. Hicks and Keith Waiters, 1989.

Experimental investigations of benthic reentry by migrating meiobenthic copepods. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol, 130(3):291-303.

The resettlement behavior of meiobenthic copepods which actively migrated from seagrass bed sediments was investigated in Tampa Bay, Florida. Settlement patterns of total eopepods and three dominant eopepods, Zausodes arenicolus, Halicyclops sp., and Robertsonia hamata, departed from those expected by change. The populations of R. hamata and Halicyclops sp. which settled were generally skewed toward males, and a close matching of males and copepodites within treatments (sediment, seagrass blade, or water) was evident. Timing and magnitude of postmigration reentry differ among taxa and may be linked to reproductive events. Dept. of Biol., Univ. of South "Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.

90:3057 Bird, G.J. and D.M. Holdich, 1989. Tanaidacca

(Crnstacea) of the northeast Atlantic: the sub- family Pseudotanainae (Psehdotanaldae) and the family Nototanaldae. ZooL J. Linn. Soc, 97(3): 233-298.

Sixteen species of Pseudotanainae and three of the family Nototanaidae have been recorded from shallow and deep waters in the northeast Atlantic. Six new species of Pseudotanais and the new genera Mystriocentrus, Parapseudotanais and Bathytanaissus are described. The species Pseudotanais affinis is redescribed, and a cl~distic analysis of the "affinis'

species-group is presented. Pseudotanais is a eury- bathic genus and individuals of this taxon are common in the region. The Nototanaidae is poorly represented in the deep-sea, and the present record is the first for the Northern Hemisphere. Dept. of Zool., Univ. of Nottingham, Univ. Park, Notting- ham NG7 2RD, UK.

90:3058 Bruce, A.J., 1988. Capture of a female living-fossil

lobster Neogl)]~hea inopinata in the Arafura Sea. Search, 19(4):217-218.

A number of male specimens of the glypheid lobster Neoglyphea inopinata were collected in the 1970s in the waters around the Philippines. Description of this species, previously thought to be extinct, was hampered by the lack of female specimens. A female N. inopinata and another male, captured in the western Arafura Sea, are described here. These new specimens shed light not only on female morphology and larval development, but also extend the known distribution and depth range of the species. Div. of Nat. Sci., Northern Territory Mus., PO Box 4646, Darwin, NT 5794, Australia. (gsb)

90:3059 Campos, Ernesto, 1989. Tumldotheres, a new genus

for Pinnotheres margarita Smith, 1869, and Pinnotheres maculatus Say, 1818 0lrachyura: Pinnotheridae). J. crustacean Biol., 9(4):672-679. Escuela Sup. de Cienc., Univ. Auton. de Baja California, Aptdo. 2300, Ensenada, BC, Mexico.

90:3060 Carvacho, Alberto and Ram6n Bonfil, 1989. IThe

genus Cancer L. on the Pacific coast of Mexico (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura).] Revta Biol. trop, 37(1):37-48. (In Spanish, English abstract.) IPO, Casilla 933, Osorno, Chile.

90:3061 Chess, J.R., 1989. Aciconula acanthusoma, new

species, a caprellid amphipod from southern California, with notes on its ecology. J. crustacean Biol~ 9(4):662=665. SWFC, Tiburon Lab., NMFS, NOAA, 3150 Paradise Dr., Tiburon, CA 94920, USA.

90:3062 Christy, J.H., 1989. Rapid development of megalopae

of the fiddler crab Uca pugilator reared over sediment: implications for models of larval recruitment. Mar. EcoL-Prog. Ser, 57(3):259-265. Smithsonian Tropical Res. Inst., Apartado 2072, Balboa, Republic of Panama.


90:3063 Conlan, K.E., 1989. Delayed reproduction and adult

dimorphlsm in males of the amphipod genus Jassa (Corophioidea: Ischyroceridae): an explanation for systematic confusion. J. crustacean Biol, 9(4):601-625. Natl. Mus. of Nat. Sci., P.O. Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, ON KIP 6P4, Canada.

90:3064 Crosnier, Alain, 1988. Shrimps of the genus Eupasi-

p/me (Crnstacea Decapoda Paslphaeidae) from the southwestern Indian Ocean with description of E. paucldentata sp.nov. Bull. Mus. natn. Hist. nat., Paris, (4)10(A, Zool., 4):785-797. (In French, English abstract.) ORSTOM, Lab. de Zool.(Arthropodes) du Mns. Natl. d'Hist. Nat., 61 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France.

90:3065 Dagg, M.J., B.W. Frost and W.E. Walser Jr., 1989.

Copepod diel migration, feeding, and the vertical flux of pheopigments. Limnol. Oceanogr~ 34(6): 1062-1071. Louisiana Univ. Mar. Consortium, Chauvin, LA 70344, USA.

90:3066 Depledge, M.H., 1989. Re-evaluation of metabolic

requirements for copper and zinc in deeaped crustaceans. Mar. environ. Res~ 27(2):115-126. Inst. of Biol., Odense Univ., DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark.

90:3067 Depledge, M.H., 1989. Studies on copper and iron

concentrations, distributions and uptake in the brachyuran Carchaus maenas (L.) following star- vation. Ophelia, 30(3):187-197. Inst. of Biol., Odense Univ., DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark.

90:3068 Ellis, S.G. and L.F. Small, 1989. Comparison of

gut-evacuation rates of feeding and non-feeding Calanus marsha//ae. Mar. Biol, 103(2):175-181. Coll. of Oceanogr., Oregon State Univ., Corval- lis, OR 97331, USA.

90:3069 Felder, D.L. and D.L. Lovett, 1989. Relative growth

and sexual maturation in the estuarine ghost shrimp Ca///anassa louislanensis Schmitt, 1935. J. crustacean Biol, 9(4):540-553. Dept. of Biol., Univ. of Southwestern Louisiana, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA.

90:3070 Fiefs, Frank, 1987. latercletodes intedta n.gen., n.sp.,

and Orthopsyllus coralliophilus n.sp., two new

copepods from the northern coast of Papua New Guinea (Copepoda, Harpacticolda). Bull. Inst. r. Sci. nat. Belg, 57:123-I32. Recent Invertebrates See., Koninklijk Belgisch Inst. voor Natuur- wetenschappen, Vautierstraat 29, B-1040, Brus- sels, Belgium.

90:3071 Forest, Jacques, 1988. IOn the genus Bathynarins

gen.nov. (Deeapoda, Diogeuidae).] Bull. Mus. hath. Hist. nat, Paris, (4)I0(A, Zool., 4):759-784. (In French, English abstract.)

Clibanarius anomalus and C. albicinctus are distinct from all other representatives of the genus Clibanarius in their deep water, not intertidal, habitat. Examination of new specimens shows that noticeable morphological characters separate these two taxa (differences in the shape and lines of the carapace, the relative size of the abdominal terga, shape of the telson, distance between ocular pedun- cles and scales, and the structure of mouth parts and pleopods) and a new genus Bathynarius is erected for them. The new genus appears isolated amongst the other members of the family Diogenidae; its simi- larity with the genus Clibanarius is superficial, and affinities between the two genera are probably remote. However, several significant morphological features could suggest a link with Paguristes. As far as known, the geographical distribution of Bathy- narius (NW Atlantic and Indian Ocean) is widely disjunct. Lab. de Zool. (Arthropodes), Mus. natl. d'Hist, nat., Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, 61 rue de Buffon, 75005, Paris, France.

90:3072 Forward, R.B. Jr., C.A. Wellins and C.U. Buswell,

1989. Behavioral responses of larvae of the crab Neopanope sayi to hydrostatic pressure. Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser, 57(3):267-277. Duke Univ. Mar. Lab., Beaufort, NC 28516, USA.

90:3073 Fust6, Xavier, 1988. Decapoda Crustacea from the

Alfacs Bay (Ebro Delta). lnvestigaci6n pesq, Barcelona, 52(4):617-623. (In Spanish, English abstract.) Inst. de Cienc. del Mar. Paseo Nae., s/n 08003 Barcelona, Spain.

90:3074 Goodrich, D.M., Jacques van Montfrans and R.J.

Orth, 1989. Blue crab megalopal influx to Ches- apeake Bay: evidence for a wind-driven mecha- nism. Estuar. coast. Shelf Sci. 29(3):247-260. R/Car, NOAA, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.


90:3075 Guinot, Dani61e and Enrique Macpherson, 1988.

Observations on the genus Monodaeus Guinot, 1967, with description of two new species (Crus- tacea Decapoda Brachynra). Bull. Mus. natn. Hist. nat~ Paris, (4)I0(A, Zool., 4):731-757. (In French, English abstract.) Mus. Natl. d'Hist. Nat., Lab. de Zool. (Arthropodes), 61 rue Buffon, 75231 Paris cedex 05, France.

90:3076 Gutu, Modest, 1987. Apseudomorpha Iontalnei, a new

species of Tanaldacea (Crustacea) from the Red Sea. Trav. Mus. Hist. nat. Gr. An@a, 29:35-41.

90:3077 Hankin, D.G. et al., 1989. Growth and reproductive

dynamics of adult female Dungeness crabs (Can- cer magister) in northern California. J. Cons. int. Explor. Met, 46(1):94-108. Dept. of Fish., Hum- boldt State Univ., Arcata, CA, USA.

90:3078 Hendrickx, M.E. and F.D. Estrada-Navarrete, 1989.

Processa plppinae Wicksten and Mtndez, 1985: a pelagic processid shrimp from the Gulf of Cali- fornia, Mtxico. Revta Biol. trop, 37(1):109-112. Inst. de Cienc. del Mar y Limnol., UNAM, Estacion Mazatlan, A.P. 811, Mazatlan, Sinaloa, 82000, Mexico.

90:3079 Hessler, R.R. and J.W. Martin, 1989. Anstinograea

williamsi, new genus, new species, a hydrothermal vent crab (Decapoda: Bythograeidae) from the Mariana back-arc basin, western Pacific. J. crustacean Biol, 9(4):645-(~1. Scripps Inst. of Oceanogr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.

' 90:3080 Hirche, H.-J., 1989. Egg production of the Arctic

copepod Calanus glacialis:, laboratory experiments. Mar. Biol, 103(3):311-318. Alfred Wegener Inst. fur Polar- und Meeresforsehung, Columbusstr., D-2850 Bremerhaven, FRG.

90:3081 Huys, Rony, 1987. Some morphological observations

on the Neobradyidae Olofosson, 1917 (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) including the redescription of Antarcticobradya tenuis (Brady, 1910) comb. nov. Bull. Inst. r. Sci. nat. Belg, 57:133-148. Zool. Inst., State Univ. of Gent, K.L. Lcdeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.

90:3082 Jormalainen, Veijo and Juha Tuomi, 1989. Repro-

ductive ecology of the isopod ldotea baltica (Pallas) in the northern Baltic. Ophelia, 30(3): 213-223. Dept. of Biol., Univ. of Turku, SF- 20500 Turku, Finland.

90:3083 Kaartvedt, Stein, 1989. Retention of vertically mi-

grating suprahenthic mysids in fjords. Mar. EcoL-Prog. Ser, 57(2):119-128. Dept. of Mar. Biol., Univ. of Bergen, N-5065 Blomsterdalen, Norway.

90:3084 Lopez, Glenn and Ragnar Elmgren, 1989. Feeding

depths and organic absorption for the deposit- feeding benthic amphipods Pontoporeia Mfinls and Pontoporeia Iemorat& LimnoL Oceanogr~ 34(6):982-991. Mar. Sci. Res. Ctr., SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.

90:3085 Lovett, D.L. and D.L. Felder, 1989. Application of

regression techniques to studies of relative growth in crustaceans. J. crustacean Biol, 9(4):529-539.

We propose that analysis of untransformed data with a Model II regression technique such as the reduced major axis is appropriate for description of relative growth in crustacean linear morphometric features, and that data for broad size-class samples should be examined as iteratively divided subsets, rather than assuming a priori that the entire sample is adequately represented by a single continuous function. A statistical test for evaluation of regression functions on the basis of randomness of residuals is provided. Dept. of Biol. and Ctr. for Crustacean Res., Univ. of Southwestern Louisiana, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA.

90:3086 MacDiarmid, A.B., 1989. Moulting and reproduction

of the spiny lobster Jasus edwards//(Decapoda: Palinuridae) in northern New Zealand. Mar. Biol, 103(3):303-310. Fish. Res. Lab., Greta Point, P.O. Box 297, Wellington, New Zealand.

90:3087 MeLaughlin, P.A., R.H. Gore and W.R. Buce, 1989.

Studies on the Provenzanoi and other pagurid groups. IH. The larval and early juvenile stages of Pagurns kennedyi (Stimpson) (Decapoda: Anomura: Paguridae) reared in the laboratory. J. crustacean Biol~ 9(4):626-644. Shannon Point Mar. Ctr., 1900 Shannon Point Rd., Anacortes, WA 98221, USA.


90:3088 Modlin, R.F. and P.A. Harris, 1989. Observations on

the natural history and experiments on the reproductive strategy of Hargeda rapax (Tanai- dacea). J. crustacean Biol.., 9(4):578-586. Dept. of Biol. Sci., Univ. of Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA.

90:3089 Nugegoda, Dayanthi and P.S. Rainbow, 1989. Zinc

uptake rate and regulation breakdown in the decapod crustacean Palaemon elegans Rathke. Ophelia, 30(3): 199-212. Ctr. for Res. in Aquatic Biol., Queen Mary Coll., Mile End Rd., London El 4NS, UK

90:3090 Ovaere, A.A., 1987. The fur-bearing species of the

genus Leucosla from northern Papua New Guin- ea, with a description of two new species (Crus- tacea, Brachyura). Bull. Inst. r. Sci. nat. Belg, 57:185-204. Koninldijk Belgisch Inst. voor Natuurwetenschappen, Recent Invertebrates Section, Vautierstr. 29, B-1040 Brussels, Bel- gium.

90:3091 Paffenh0fer, G.-A. and K.D. Lewis, 1989. Feeding

behavior of nauplii of the genus Eucalanus (Copepoda, Calanoida). Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser, 57(2):129-136. Skidaway Inst. of Oceanogr., PO Box 13687, Savannah, GA 31416, USA.

90:3092 Panampunnayil, S.U., 1989. A new species of Gastro-

saecus (Crnstacea: Mysidacca) from the south west coast of Australia. J. Plankt. Res, 11(6): 1307-1314. Natl. Inst. of Oceanogr., Regional Ctr., Cochin 682 018, India.

90:3093 Phillips, B.F. and P.S. MeWilliam, 1989. Phyllosoma

larvae and the ocean currents off the Hawaiian Islands. Paeif. Sci, 43(4):352-361. Div. of Fish., CSIRO Mar. Lab., P.O. Box 20, North Beach, WA 6020, Australia.

90:3094 Taiti, S. and F. Ferrara, 1989. New species and

records of Armadillonlscus Uljanin 1875 (Crus- tacea Isopoda Oniscidea) from the coasts of the Indian and Pacific oceans. Tropical Zool, 2(1): 59-88. Cir. di Studio per la Faunistica ed Ecol. Tropicali del C.N.R., Via Romana 17, 50125 Firenze, Italy.

90:3095 Thessalou-Legaki, Mafia et al., 1989. Depth zonation

in a Parapandalus uarval (Crustacea, Decapoda, Pandalidae) population from Rhodos Island, Greece. Estuar. coast. Shelf Sci, 29(3):273-284. Zool. Lab., Univ. of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, 157 84 Athens, Greece.

90:3096 Thessalou-Legaki, Mafia, 1989. Allometrie growlh of

male secondary sexual characters and dioecy in Parapandalus narvM (Decapoda: Pandalidae). J. crustacean Biol, 9(4):595-600. Zool. Lab., Univ. of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, 157 84 Athens, Greece.

90:3097 Wagele, J.-W., 1989. [Evolution and phylogenetics of

the Isopoda.] Zoologica, 47(140):262pp. (In Ger- man, English summary.)

90:3098 Wassenberg, T.J. and B.J. Hill, 1989. Diets of four

decapod crustaceans ( Linuparus trlgonus, Metanephrops andamanicus, M. austrah'ensls and M. boschmai) from the continental shelf around Australia. Mar. Biol~ 103(2):161-167. CSIRO Div. of Fish., Mar. Lab., P.O. Box 120, Cleve- land, Qld. 4163, Australia.

90:3099 Wenner, E.L., 1989. Incidence of insemination in

female blue crabs, Cailinectes sapldus. J. crustacean Biol, 9(4):587-594. Mar. Resour. Res. Inst., P.O. Box 12559, Charleston, SC 29412, USA.

90:3100 Wicksten, M.K., 1989. Encantnda spinoculata, a new

genus and species of shrimp from the Galapagos Islands (Caridca: Bresiliidae). J. crustacean Biol. 9(4):667-671. Dept. of Biol., Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX 77843, USA.

90:3101 Wouters, Karel, 1987. Commontocypds gen. nov., a

marine interstitial new genus of the family Pontocyprididae (Crustacea: Ostracoda). Bull. Inst. r. Sci. nat. Belg, 57:163-169. Koninklijk Belgisch Inst. voor Natuurwetenschappen, Re- cent Invertebrates See., Vautierstraat 29, B-1040 Brussels, Belgium.

90:3102 Wouters, Karel, 1987. The genus Mungara Harding,

1962 (Crustacea; Osh'acoda) from Indo-Pacific brackish waters, with the description of two new


species. Bull. Inst. r. Sci. nat. Belg, 57:171-184. Koninklijk Belgisch Inst. voor Natuurwetens- chappen, Recent Invertebrates See., Vautier- straat 29, B-1040 Brussels, Belgium.

E250. Foraminifera, Radiolaria, Tintin- nida, etc. (see also D-SUBMARINE GEOL- OGY AND GEOPHYSICS)

90:3103 Albani, A.D. and I. Yassini, 1989. Taxonomy and

distribution of shallow-water lagenid Foramlnlf- erida from the southeastern coast of Australia. Aust. J. mar. Freshwat. Res, 40(4):369-401. Dept. of Appl. Geol., Ctr. for Mar. Sci., Univ. of New South Wales, P.O. Box 1, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia.

90:3104 Bernhard, J.M., 1989. The distribution of benthic

Foraminifera with respect to oxygen concentration and organic carbon levels in shallow-water Antarctic sediments. LimnoL Oceanogr~ 34(6): 1131-1141.

The vertical distribution of living benthic Forami- nifera from 12 sediment cores collected in Explorers Cove and Winter Quarter's Bay, McMurdo Sound, was determined and compared with pore-water oxygen, sedimentary organic carbon, and grain size. No distinct species segregation was observed with respect to sediment depth. Individuals of both calcareous and arenaeeous species were found living in anoxic sediment layers. Relative to ATP, Rose Bengal staining grossly overestimated and Sudan Black B underestimated living stocks. Scripps Inst. of Oceanogr., A-002, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.

90:3105 Gilron, G.L. anti D.H. Lynn, 1989. Assuming a 50%

cell occupancy of the Iorica overestimates tlntin- nine ciliate biGmass. Mar. Biol, 103(3):413-416. Lynn: Dept. of Zool., Univ. of Guelph, ON NIG 2Wl, Canada.

90:3106 Gratiano, Clemente, 1989. On the ecology of tintin-

nids (Ciliophora: Oligotrichida) in the north Irish Sea. Estuar. coast. Shelf Sci, 29(3):233-245. Port Erin Mar. Lab., Univ. of Liverpool, Port Erin, Isle of Man, UK.

90:3107 Lukashina, N.P., 1988. Benthic Foraminifera com-

munities and water masses of the North Atlantic

and the Norway-Greenland basin. Oceanology (a translation of Okeanologiia), 28(5):612-617.

Communities of present-day benthic Foraminifera in various geomorphologic bottom elements of the North Atlantic and Norway-Greenland Basin are studied. Their ranges and the dependence of their distributions on ocean-bottom water masses are described. Atlantic Div., Shirshov Inst. of Oceanol., Acad. of Sci., Kaliningrad, USSR.

90:3108 Putt, Mary and D.K. Stoecker, 1989. An experi-

mentally determined carbon:volume ratio for marine 'oligotdchous' ciliates from estuarine and coastal waters. LimnoL Oceanogr, 34(6):1097- 1103. Biol. Dept., WHOI, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.

ter 90:3109

Kuile, B., J. Erez and E. Padan, 1989. Mecha- nisms for the uptake of inorganic carbon by two species of symbiont-bearing Foraminifera. Mar. Biol, 103(2):241-251. Intl. Inst. for Cellular and Molecular Path., Unit for Trop. Diseases, Ave. Hippocrate 74.39, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.

ter 90:3110

Kuile, B., J. Erez and E. Padan, 1989. Compe- tition for inorganic carbon between photosynthesis and calcification in the symblont-bearing foraminifer Amphistegina Iobifera. Mar. Biol., 103(2):253-259. Intl. Inst. for Cellular and Molecular Path., Unit for Trop. Diseases, Ave. Hippocrate 74.39, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.

E260. M a c r o p h y t e s (algae, grasses, etc.)

90:3111 Bologa, A.S., 1989. Present state of seaweed produc-

tion along the Romanian Black Sea shore. Vie Milieu, 39(2):I05-109. Romanian Mar. Res. Inst., RO-8700 Constantza 3, Romania.

90:3112 Harrold, Christopher and Susan Lisin, 1989. Radio-

tracking rafts of giant kelp: local production and regional transport. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., 130(3):237-25 I.

Naturally occurring and artificially created Macro- cystis pyrifera rafts were tagged with radiotrans- mitters near their point of origin along the shores of the Monterey Peninsula, California, on each of four seasonal tracking experiments. Their movements were followed by aircraft for 5-7 days; 39 tagged


kelp rafts were recovered within Monterey Bay, one transmitter was lost at sea and most were recovered ashore. While surface currents in Monterey Bay flow north much of the year, the kelp rafts drifted before the prevailing northwest winds (southeast) in spring, summer and autumn. Rafts tagged during winter moved primarily north. The regional deposition pattern suggests that this material may be delivered to offshore benthic communities as large parcels which may play an important role as food and/or habitat. Res. Div., Monterey Bay Aquarium, 886 Cannery Row, Monterey, CA 93940, USA.

90:3113 Klumpp, D.W. and A.D. McKinnon, 1989. Tem-

poral and spatial patterns in primary production of a coral-reef epillthic algal community. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol~ 131(1):1-22.

P-I relationships of the epilithic algal community (EAC) on Davies Reef (Great Barrier Reef), Aus- tralia, altered with season and depth in a manner that minimized the effect of reduced irradiance on winter productivity. When compared with reef-flat algae, the community on reef slopes had a higher photosynthetic efficiency, equal biomass-speeific productivity, and half the biomass and areal productivity. EAC productivity and biomass did not vary between different habitats at the same depth; productivity was 1.6 times higher in summer than in winter, and was highest per unit reef area around the shallow-reef margins. Comparisons with total reef- flat data indicate that the EAC is responsible for one-third of the gross production and most of the net production. Australian Inst. of Mar. Sci., Townsville M.C., Qld. 4810, Australia.

90:3114 Llining, K. and I. tom Dieck, 1989. Environmental

triggers in algal seasonality. Botaniea mar., 32(5):389-397.

Evidence for erlvironmental controls on the seasonal behavior (i.e., reproduction and vegetative growth) of algae, in particular recent research on large perennial forms is discussed. Regulation of seasonality by primary ecological factors and environmental signals has been demonstrated, and pho- toperiod has been implicated as an environmental trigger. Temperature is important in some species as well. Biol. Anstalt Helgoland, Zentrale Hamburg, Notkestr. 31, D-2000 Hamburg 52, FRG. (gsb)

90:3115 Mathieson, A.C., 1989. Phenologlcal patterns of

northern New England seaweeds. Botanica mar, 32(5):419-438. Dept. of Botany and Plant Pa-

thology, Univ. of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA.

90:3116 Nelson, W.A. and N.M. Adams, 1987. Marine algae

of the Bay of Islands area least coast, northern North Island, New Zealand]: a list of species. Natn. Mus. N.Z. misc. Ser, 16:47pp. Natl. Mus. of New Zealand, Private Bag, Wellington, New Zealand.

90:3117 Price, I.R., 1989. Seaweed phenology in a tropical

Australian locality (Townsville, North Queens- land). Botanica mar., 32(5):399-406. Botany Dept., James Cook Univ., Townsville, Qld 481 !, Australia.

90:3118 Whittick, A., R.G. Hooper and G.R. South, 1989.

Latitude, distribution and phenology: reproductive strategies in some Newfoundland seaweeds. Botanica mar~ 32(5):407-417. Dept. of Biol., Memorial Univ. of Newfoundland, St. John's, NF AIB 3X9, Canada.

E270. Microphytes (coccolithophores, diatoms, flagellates, etc.)

90:3119 Agusti, Susana and Jacob Kalff, 1989. The influence

of growth conditions on the size dependence of maximal algal density and biomuss. LimnoL Oceanogr~ 34(6):1104-1108. Dept. de Ecol., Univ. Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.

90:3120 Imai, I., 1989. Cyst formation of the noxious red tide

flagellate Chattonella marina (Raphidophyceae) in culture. Mar. Biol~ 103(2):235-239. Nansei Regional Fish. Res. Lab., Ohno-cho, Saeki-gun, Hiroshima-ken 739-04, Japan.

90:3121 Kamiyama, Kokichi et al., 1989. Seasonal variations

in diatom abundance and provenance in Green- land ice. J. Glaciol, 35(120):290-294.

Seasonal variations in insoluble particle concentrations (large spring peaks) have been observed in Greenland ice cores, and the phenomenon has been used for ice-core dating. The origin of the dust in the peaks however, is still unknown. Gayley and Ram (1984) have found diatoms, mainly of fresh-water


origin, in a section of ice core from central Greenland. We have measured the variation of the diatom concentration in a 2-yr section of this ice and found that diatom abundances also exhibit a spring maximum that coincides with the dust maximum. We suggest the possibility that diatoms could be used as tracers for the source of dust in ice cores. Geophys. Res. Sta., Kyoto Univ., Beppu 874, Japan.

90:3122 McLaughlin, R.B., 1989. Diatoms: Frenkel-pairs.

Microscope, 37(2): 177-186.

Irregularities found in the valves of certain diatoms having a regular packed chamber structure are discussed. The chamber walls generally form hex- agonal patterns, but irregularities in size and shape can occur. As valve precipitation proceeds, the pattern may be corrected by complementary irregularities in the neighboring chambers. A Frenkel pair is composed of a too large, seven-sided chamber adjacent to a too small, five-sided chamber. The pair is surrounded by eight six-sided chambers. The nature of such defects is described and thoughts on how they might arise are presented. 211 Sereno Dr., Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA. (gsb)

90:3123 Riaux-Gobin, C. and P. Lassus, 1989. Itydruclimatic

conditions for a red tide caused by Gonyaulax splnltera (dinoflagellate), in an estuary of north Brittany. Botanica mar~ 32(5):491-498. (In French, English abstract.) CNRS, Stat. Biol., 29211 Rosocoff, France

E300. Effects of pollution (also uptake, trace accumulations, etc.; see also B350- Atmospheric pollution, C210-Chemical pollution, F250-Waste disposal)

90:3124 Baez, B.P.F. and M.S.G. Beet, 1989. DDT in Mytilus

edulis: statistical considerations and inherent variability. Mar. Pollut. Bull, 20(10):496-499. Inst. de Invest. Oceanol., Univ. Auton. de Baja California, Apdo. Postal 453, Ensenada, B.C., Mexico.

90:3125 Bihari, Nevenka et al., 1989. Sediment toxicity

assessment using bacterial bioluminescence: effect of an unusual phytoplankton bloom. Mar. EcoL-Prog. Ser, 57(3):307-310.

The toxicity of selected sediments in the Adriatic Sea and the effect of phytoplankton bloom on sediments

in the vicinity of Rovinj, Yugoslavia, using bacterial bioluminescence toxicity assay, have been investigated. Sediments under the influence of urban and industrial wastes tend to be more contaminated than those in the open sea. The toxic effect of decayed material derived from sinking mucus aggregates was higher at locations influenced by local pollution. The time course study at one station suggested that increases in toxicity of sediment extracts are mainly due to changes in organic matter derived from decayed products of mucus aggregates. Inst. Ruder Boskivie, Ctr. for Mar. Res., 52210 Rovinj, Yugo- slavia.

90:3126 Birkeland, Charles, 1988. Second-order ecological

effects of nutrient input into coral communities. Galaxea, 7(2):91-100.

Nutrient input and eutrophication can bring about an increase in productivity and rate of biomass accumulation as direct effects. Second-order effects such as fundamental changes in trophic structure and species composition, the qualitative nature of community processes such as competition and predation, and the life history characteristics of the predominant organisms are outlined in the paper. These qualitative differences in communities brought about by nutrient input are of importance for the basic design of rational resource management plans. Mar. Lab., Univ. of Guam, UOG Station, Mangilao 96923, Guam.

90:3127 Boyle, Michael, 1989. Reviews and analyses. The

environmental microbiology of chlorinated aromatic decomposition. J. environ. Qual~ 18(4): 395-402.

Chlorinated aromatic compounds are naturally rare, but human activity over the past several decades has resulted in their introduction into a variety of environments. The pathways of microbial breakdown of these recalcitrant compounds and the processes involved in adaptation of a natural microbial assemblage to chlorinated aromatic degradation (and in some cases utilization) are reviewed. Some known degraders of chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons are listed along with their substrates, environment, and references. The processes of cometabofism, gene transfer, and adaptation to xenobiotic stress are discussed. Microbial Ecol. Lab., 40 Oxford St., Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. (gsb)

90:3128 Claisse, D., 1989. Baseline. Chemical contamination

of French coasts.-" the results of a ten years mussel


watch. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 20(10):523-528. IFREMER, Ctr. de Nantes, BP 1049, F44037 Nantes Cedex 01, France.

90:3129 Degobbis, Danilo, 1989. Increased eutrophication 6f-

the northern Adriatic Sea: second act. Mar. Pollut. Bull, 20(9):452-457.

Very calm and warm weather in late spring and early summer 1988 supported intense non-seasonal nan- noplankton-dominated blooms in the western part of the north Adriatic. Large 'organic' aggregates were formed in the water column with dimensions (up to 2 m long) and quantities never previously observed. Extremely low horizontal advection primarily fa- vored an accumulation and high aggregation of detritus, and greatly reduced oxygen concentration in the bottom layer. 'Rudjer Boskovic' Inst., Cir. for Mar. Res., 52210 Rovinj, Yugoslavia.

90:3130 Duinker, J.C. et al., 1989. Individual chlorinated

biphenyis and pesticides in tissues of some cetacean species from the North Sea and the Atlantic Ocean: tissue distribution and blotrans- formation. Aquat. Marnrn, 15(3):95-124. Inst. for Mar. Sci., Univ. of Kiel, Duesternbrookerweg 20, 2300 Kiel, FRG.

90:3131 Harger, J.R.E., 1988. Community displacement in

stressed coral reef systems and the implication for a comprehensive management strategy for coastal and offshore productivity enrichment. Galaxea, 7(2):185-196.

The coral reef communities in Jakarta Bay are characterized by a degradation clearly discernible up to 25 km from the mainland. The recovery of reef structure is progressive, starting from an absence of corals within 3-4 km of the port facilities and building in exponential fashion for the next 25-30 kin. The trend in coral representation is accompa- nied by increasing water transparency and depth. A counter trend in planktonic density (plant cells, crustacean and other larval forms, and small plankton-eating fish) is also found in Jakarta Bay. The area represents an example of a dramatic ecological shift from the productivity of a natural macrobenthic coral reef community to a micro-pelagic community. UNESCO-ROSTSEA JI. M.H. Thamrin 14, Jakarta, Indonesia.

90:3132 Jenssen, B.M. and Morten Ekker, 1989. Rehabili-

tation of oiled bkds: a physiological evaluation of

four cleaning agents. Mar. Pollut. Bull, 20(10): 509-512.

We tested the properties of four different cleaning agents to remove oil from the plumage and restore the water repellent and insulative properties of the feathers of Anas platyrhynchos and Somateria mollis- sima. By using more efficient detergents, cleaning time was reduced by approximately 50%. Our results also show that these detergents are efficient in restoring the insulative properties of the cleaned plumage, that the water repellent properties of the plumage were not re-established before the plumage was dry, and that cleaning oiled birds using cold water resulted in hypothermia. Dept. of Zool., Univ. of Trondheim, N-7055 Dragvoll, Norway.

90:3133 Kannan, Narayanan and Shinsuke Tanabe et al.,

1989. Critical evaluation of polychlorinated bi- phenyl toxicity in terrestrial and marine mammals: increasing impact of non-ortho and mono- ortho coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls from land to ocean. Archs environ. Contamin. Toxicol, 18(6):850-857.

Analyses of non-ortho, mono-ortho, and di-ortho coplanar PCB residues in terrestrial (human, dog, cat) and marine (finless and Dali's porpoises, Baird's beaked and killer whales) mammals indicate that while di-ortho congeners are the most prevalent and non-ortho congeners the least, all three coplanar PCB groups were present at much greater concentrations than toxic PCDDs or PCDFs. The toxic threat of PCBs, based on relative bioconcentration and metabolism, is greatest in marine mammals, but PCDDs and PCDFs are potentially more dangerous to land mammals. Tanabe: Dept. of Environ. Conserv., Ehime Univ., Tarumi 3-5-7, Matsuyama 790, Japan. (gsb)

90:3134 Kimura, Bon, Masatada Murakami and Hiroaki

Fujisawa, 1989. Characterization and oil-degrading activity of heavy oil-degrading bacteria isolated from the seawater of oil-polluted Bisan Seto and oil-unpolluted Hibiki Nada. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi (BulL japan. Soc. scient. Fish.), 55(6): 1091-1095. Dept. of Food Sci. and Tech., Shimonoseki Univ. of Fish., Shimonoseki 759- 65, Japan.

90:3135 Kingston, P.F. and M.J. Riddle, 1989. Viewpoint.

Cost effectiveness of benthic faunal monitoring. Mar. Pollut. Bull~ 20(10):490-496.

Obtaining and analyzing offshore benthic samples


for the purpose of monitoring the impact of pollution on fauna is both expensive and time-consuming, and relies chiefly on methods developed for descrip- tive ecological surveys. A cost-effectiveness analysis suggests that alternative sampling may be preferable to standard monitoring procedures. The advantages and disadvantages of single-grab vs. multiple core sampling are discussed. Inst. of Offshore Engng, Heriot-Watt Univ., Edinburgh, UK. (gsb)

9O:3136 Kinsey, D.W., 1988. Coral reef system response to

some natural and anthropogenic stresses. Galaxea, 7(2): 113-128.

Typically, reefs are highly diverse with only low level biological and chemical forcing functions. They tend to be controlled by physical influences. Reefs normally recover rapidly from acute stress (violent storms, freshwater inundation, and crown-of-thorns infestation) and are quite resistant to chronic stresses over extended time. However, chronic stresses have a marked influence in preventing proper recovery from the damage caused by an acute stress. All these effects are considered, with examples from the Great Barrier Reef region. Detailed consideration is given to (1) the effects of nutrient input (experimental) as a sole stress, and (2) the complex effects of the multiple stresses: sewage, sediment, and freshwater in Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii. Great Barrier Reef Mar. Park Authority, Townsville, Australia.

90:3137 Knickmeyer, Rainer and Hans Steinhart, 1989.

Cyclic organochiorines in the whelks Bucclnum undatnm and Neptunea antiqua from the North Sea and the Irish Sea. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 20(9):433-437. Inst. fur Bioehem. und Lebens- mittelchemie, Univ. Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 2000 Hamburg 13, FRG.

90:3138 Lee, R.F., A.O. ,Valkirs and P.F. Seligman, 1989.

Importance of microalgae in the blodegradation of tributyitin in estuarine waters. Environ. Sci. Technol, 23(12):1515-1518. Skidaway Inst. of Oceanogr., P.O. Box 13687, Savannah, GA 31416, USA.

9O:3139 Misra, R.K., J.F. Uthe and W. Vynke, 1989.

Monitoring of time Rends in contaminant levels using a multispecies approach: contaminant trends in Atlantic cod (Gadus mo~ua) and European flounder (Platiehthys flesus) on the Belgian coast, 1978-1985. Mar. Pollut. Bully 20(10):500-502.

In this study temporal variations in contaminants in G. morhua and P. flesus from the Belgian coast are examined at the multispecies level rather than the single species level. The ICES univariate procedure has been extended to the analysis of combined data for the two (or more) species and is supplemented by the multivariate analysis of covariance procedure. Not only did the two species respond differently to variations in contaminant levels with time but even within a species contaminant levels did not vary in the same direction. Mar. Chem. Div., Dept. of Fish. and Oceans, P.O. Box 550, Halifax, NS B3J 2S7, Canada.

90:3140 Morris, R.J. and R.J. Law et al., 1989. Metals and

organoclflorines in dolphins and porpoises of Cardigan Bay, west Wales. Mar. Pollut. Bull, 20(10):512-523. Law: MAFF, Dir. of Fish. Res., Fish. Lab., Burnham-on-Crouch, Essex CM0 8HA, UK.

90:3141 Neff, J.M. et al., 1989. Impacts of exploratory drilling

for oil and gas on the benthic environment of Georges Bank. Mar. environ. Res, 27(2):77-114.

A 3-yr monitoring program assessed the effects of exploratory drilling on the benthic environment of Georges Bank. Suffieial sediments were sampled for chemical and benthic infaunal analysis and bottom still photographs were taken in surveys performed quarterly from just before drilling began, during drilling, and for nearly two years after completion of drilling. Of 12 elements analyzed in bulk sediments, only barium increased in concentration during drilling. Benthic fauna were abundant and diverse throughout the study area. Excellent replication and uniformity of the benthic infaunal community at a station over time made it possible to detect very subtle changes in community parameters that might be related to drilling. Nevertheless, no changes were detected that could be attributed to drilling activ- ities. Battelle Ocean Sci., 397 Washington St., Duxbury, MA 02332, USA.

90:3142 Olson, B.H. et al., 1989. Distribution of mercury

resistance determinants in bacterial communities of river sediments. War. Res, 23(10):1209-1217. Environ. Health and Planning, Univ. of Cali- fornia, Irvine, CA 92717, USA.

90:3143 Phelps, H.L., 1989. Clam burrowing bioassay for

estuarine sediment. Bull. environ. Contamin. Toxicol~ 43(6):838-845.


The principal objective of this research was to develop a rapid sediment bioassay for east coast estuaries based on the burrowing speed of a native euryhaline clam species (Mya arenaria). The bioassay can be conducted in a small space with H I liter of sediment at any time of day, and at water temperatures of 13-27~ The bioassay was shown to be responsive to sediment-sorbed copper. Biol. Dept., Univ. of the District of Columbia, Wash- ington, DC 20008, USA.

90:3144 Pijnenburg, A.M.C.M. et al., 1989. A method to

determine the adenylate energy charge of the Mytilus edulis by reversed-phase high perform- ance liquid chromatography. Mar. environ. Res~ 27(2):147-157. Tidal Waters Div., Ministry of Transport and Public Works, Grenadierweg 31, Middelburg, Netherlands.

90:3145 Rice, S.D., J.W. Short and W.B. Stickle, 1989.

Uptake and catabolism of tributyltin by blue crabs fed TBT contaminated prey. Mar. environ. Res. 27(2): 137-145. NMFS, Auke Bay Lab., P.O. Box 210155, Auke Bay, AK 99821, USA.

90:3146 Sanders, J.G., R.W. Osman and G.F. Riedel, 1989.

Pathways of arsenic uptake and incorporation in estuarine phytoplankton and the filter-feeding invertebrates Eur)~tcmora affinis, Balanus impro- vlsus and Crassostrea tqrginica. Mar. Biol., 103(3):319-325. Aead. of Nat. Sci., Benedict Estuarine Res. Lab., Benedict, MD 20612, USA.

90:3147 Scherrer, P. and G. Mille, 1989. Biodegradation of

crude oil in an experimentally polluted peaty mangrove soil. Mar. Pollut. Bully 20(9):430-432.

Biodegradation of oil hydrocarbons trapped in a peaty mangrove substratum is a very slow process. In spite of periodical soil oxygenation, aerobic microorganism activity seems to be limited. This may be accounted for by a nutrient deficiency related to a slow organic matter mineralization. This hypothesis was confirmed by stimulating normal alkanes biodegradation with an oleophilic fertilizer. Using such a product may compensate for the slowness of oil biodegradation in mangrove soils. Inst. de la Carte Intl. de la Vegetation, Univ. Paul Sabatier, 39 allees J. Guesde, 31062 Toulouse Cedex, France.

90:3148 Spies, R.B., 1989. Editorial. Sediment bioassays,

chemical contaminants and benthic ecology: new insights or just muddy water? Mar. environ. Res~ 27(2):73-75.

Sediment bioassays involve placing organisms on test sediments or in sediment suspensions for a prescribed period and determining mortality or sublethal effect. Sediment bioassay results are being compared to concentrations of chemicals in sediments and the indigenous fauna to draw conclusions about population and community-level effects of anthropogenic chemicals. In coastal waters that are not experiencing chemical toxicity, sampling a variety of sediment types will provide data that will show increases in contaminants that correlate with decreases in some species, and possibly increased mortality in some sediment bioassays. Therefore, the principles underlying these methods are not con- vincingly established, leading to a high probability of false positives. Under such circumstances the triad and apparent effects threshold do not seem suited for use in regulatory decision-making regarding disposal, treatment, or disposition of sediments carrying measurable amounts of contaminants.

90:3149 Stay, F.S. et al., 1989. The effects of atrazine on

microcosms developed from four natural plankton communities. Archs environ. Contamin. Toxicol, 18(6):866-875.

Similar results were obtained upon exposure of Leffler microcosms developed from four different natural plankton communities to varying concentrations of the herbicide atrazine (0, 20, 100, 200, 500, 1000 and 5000 pg/L). In all microcosms, net primary productivity, pH, and net productivity/res- piration ratios were reduced. Effects were first observed at 100 #g/L in three of the communities and at 200 /tg/L in the fourth. The results were compared with those obtained with single species bioassays, other types of microcosms, and experimental ponds, and the results suggest 'that the Leffler microcosms accurately reflected concentrations causing ecosystem level changes in the experimental ponds.' U.S. EPA, Environ. Res. Lab., 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA. (gsb)

90:3150 Taylor, D.L., Scott Schliebe and Howard Metsker,

1989. Baseline. Contaminants in blubber, liver and kidney tissue of Pacific walruses. Mar. Pollut. Bully 20(9):465-468. Natl. Park Serv., 2525 Gambell St., Anchorage, AK 99503, USA.

484 OLR 0990) 37 (5)

E370. Theoretical biology and ecology

90:3151 Wyss, A.R., 1989. Flippers and plnnlped phylogeny:

has the problem of convergence been overrated? Mar. mature. Sci~ 5(4):343-360.

Morphological similarities among the pinnipeds "have been traditionally attributed to a great deal of convergence driven by a highly constraining environment. According to this view, pinnipeds arose from two distinct lineages of terrestrial mammals. This paper argues that the necessary phylogenetie evidence to support these conclusions is lacking, and the group should therefore be considered mono- phyletie. Dept. of Geol. Sci., Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA. (gsb)

FA10. Miscellaneous

90:3152 Murata, Hisashi et al., 1989. Screening of removal

agents of a red tide plankton Clmttoneila marina with special reference to the ability of the free radicals derived from the hydrogen peroxide and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi (Bull. japan. Sor scient. Fish.), 55(6): 1075-1082. (In J, English abstract.) Dept. of Fish., Miyazaki Univ., Miyazaki 889-21, Japan.

90:3153 Shaub, Yu.B. et aI., 1989. Change in electrical

conductivity of marine and fresh-water organisms of arbitrary form. Dokl. Earth Sci. Sect. (a translation of Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR), 298(I- 6):228-230. Pacific Oceanol. Inst., Far Eastern Dept., Acad. of Sci., Vladivostok, USSR.

F. GENERAL

F10. Apparatus, methods, mathematics (multidisciplinary)

90:3154 Abraham, D.W., C.C. Williams and H.K.

Wickramasinghe, 1988. Scanning tunnelling mi- croscopy. J. Microsc~ 152(3):599-887; 35 papers.

90:3155 Bettinelli, M., U. Baroni and N. Pastorelli, 1989.

Microwave oven sample dissolution for the analysis of environmental and biological materials. Analytica chim. Acta, 225(1): 159-174.

An HCI/HNOa,/HF PTFE bomb dissolution technique using microwave heating was tested on several environmental and biological materials. Nearly 25 elements in the dissolved samples were determined mainly by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emis- sion spectrometry or graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Results of the analysis of several hundred samples are discussed. Central Lab., ENEL-DCO, Via N. Bixio 39, 29100 Piacenza, Italy.

90:3156 Bevis, Michael and J.-L. Chatelain, 1989. Locating a

point on a spherical surface relative to a spherical polygon of arbitrary shape. Mathl Geol. 21(8): 811-828. Dept. of Mar., Earth and Atmos. Sci.,

North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695-8208, USA.

90:3157 Dargahi-Noubary, G.R., 1989. On tail estimation: an

improved method. Mathl Geol, 21(8):829-852. Dept. of Math. and Computer Sci., Bloomsburg Univ., Bloomsburg, PA 17815, USA.

90:3158 Cressie, Noel, 1989. Geostatisties. Am. Statistn,

43(4): 197-202.

Most data have a space and time label associated with them; data that are close together are usually more correlated than those that are far apart. Prediction (or forecasting) of a value at a particular label where there is no datum, from observed nearby data, is the subject of this article. One approach, known as geostatistics, is featured, from which finear methods of spatial prediction (krigiug) will be considered. Brief reference is made to other linear/nonlinear, stochastic/deterministic predictors. The (linear) geostatistical method is applied to groundwater pressure-head data around a potential nuclear-waste repository site. References steer the reader to more comprehensive descriptions of the methods. Dept. of Statistics, Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA 50011, USA.

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