Biological oceanography

E. Biological Oceanography 203

tivity and tropospheric signal strength at Bombay. IndianJ. Met. Hydrol. Geophys., 28(3): 400-401.

Weather changes produce similar variations in signal strength and surface refractivity; the latter, at Bombay, is much higher in summer due to the sea breeze. Regional Meteorological Centre, Bombay, India. (izs)

E. Biological Oceanography

I. Apparatus and methods

79:1530 Bourdillon, A., C. Castelbon et C. Macquart-Moulin,

1978. Un systeme d'ouverture-fermeture pour filets a plancton train6s horizontalement ou obliquement et dispos6s en s6rie. ]An opening- closing system for plankton nets towed horizon- tally or obliquely and connected in series.] Annls Inst. oc~anogr., Paris, 54(1): 75-84.

A plankton net opening-closing system, controlled by messengers and requiring no special on-board equipment, can be used for simultaneous, multi-depth catches as well as for single-wire horizontal or oblique tows utilizing ordinary nets of any size. A success rate of 90% and a significant savings in time are realized. Laboratoire d'Hydrobiologie marine, Centre Universitaire de Luminy, route L6on-Lachamp, F 13009 Marseille Cedex 2, France. (rio)

79:1531 Clayton, J. R. Jr. and S. P. Pavlou, 1978. A plankton

net designed to exclude air-sea interface phenomena. Bull. environ. Contamin. Toxicol., 20(3): 369-377.

To avoid exposure of plankton samples to surfacc films and debris in trace pollutant studies, a protected closed plankton net is employed; the net may be extremely useful in highly polluted surface waters. College of Fisheries, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, U.S.A. (smm)

79:1532 Larsson, U., L. Norling, S. Carlberg, S. koof,

A. Tolstoy, K. yon Brockel, V. Elizarjeva, W. Kaiser, J. Lassig, T. Melvasalo and I. Makinen, 1978. lntercalibration of methods for chlorophyll measurements applied in the Baltic Sea. Merentutkimuslait. Julk.. 243: 63-76.

Of the chlorophyll measurement methods examined, the only analyses yielding values of acceptable

precision were those made for chlorophyll a according to Strickland and Parsons (1968) and SCOR- UNESCO (1966). Careful and standardized handling of samples is essential for obtaining comparable and reproducible data. Department of Zoology and the Ask6 Laboratory, University of Stockholm, P.O. Box 6801, S-113 86 Stockholm, Sweden. (djh)

79:1533 Omori, Makoto, 1978. Some factors affecting on

dry weight, organic weight and concentrations of carbon and nitrogen in freshly prepared and in preserved zooplankton. Int. Revue ges. Hydro- biol. Hydrogr., 63(2): 261-269.

Experiments were designed to test the effects of rinses and various preservation techniques on zooplankton dry weight, organic weight, and chemical composition. Volume of distilled water used for rinsing should be less than 0.3 mL/mg dry weight of sample to avoid significant body substance loss. Institute of Marine Resources, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, U.S.A. (izs)

79:1534 Oseid, D. M., 1978. A comparison of the variability of

Asellus communis (Crustacea: lsopoda) and Gammarus pseudolimnaeus tCrustacea: Amphi- podal and suitability for joint bioassays. Bull. environ. Contamin. Toxicol., 20(4): 461-469.

A. communis exhibits lower variability in response and a seemingly shorter time to complete a generation; both species, however, produce viable populations under identical conditions. The successful generation of different test organisms under the same experimental conditions permits more precise and more reliable interaction studies (e.g., competition, predator-prey relations). Department of Entomology, Fisheries, and Wildlife, 1980 Folwell Avenue, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, U.S.A. (izs)

79:1535 Saks, N. M., 1978. The preservation of salt marsh

algae by controlled liquid nitrogen freezing. Cryobiology, 15(5): 563-568.

Five species of benthic marine algae have been preserved for periods of up to one year by controlled liquid nitrogen freezing and storage in liquid nitrogen at - 196°C. Proper procedures and use of a suitable cryoprotectant can preclude morphological and physiological changes. Freezing methods and procedures for individual species are discussed. Department of Biology, The City College, City University of New York, Convent Avenue at 138th Street, New York, NY 10031, U.S.A. (rio)

204 E. Biological Oceanography

79:1536 Somville, Martine, 1978. A method for the measure-

ment of nitrification rates in water. Wat. Res., 12(10): 843-848.

Billen's (1976) method of measuring nitrifying activity in sediments is adapted for water column measurements. Based on the incorporation of [I~C]- bicarbonate that is inhibited by N-serve (a nitrification inhibitor), the procedure can be carried out in all aquatic media, is very sensitive and has relatively short incubation times (3-6 hr). The only special precaution required is to ensure that physico- chemical conditions are not favorable to sulfate- reducing bacteria which are active only in conditions where nitrification is impossible. Laboratoire d'Oc~anographie, Universit~ Libre de Bruxelles, Avenue F.-D. Roosevelt, 50, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium. (rio)

79:1537 Yocum, W. L., M. S. Evans and B. E. Hawkins,

1978. A comparison of pump sampling systems for live zooplankton collection. Hydrobiologia, 60(3): 199-202.

Zooplankton sampling mortality at a nuclear power plant cooling water intake was dependent upon sampling method used. An in-line filter trap on the suction side of the pump provided the lowest sampling mortality. Great Lakes Research Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, U.S.A. (izs)

Tisbe holothuriae (Copepoda, Harpacticoida).] Arch. Zool. exp. g~n., 119(2): 251-264.

Electrophoresis of nineteen enzymatic loci of T. holothuriae reveals genetic variability and confirms previous inbreeding results. Influence of rearing conditions on genetic variability is discussed. Istituto di Biologia Animale, Universita di Padova, Via Loredan 10, 35100 Padova, Italy. (izs)

79:1540 Belousova, S. P., 1977. Some data on the fecundity of

Oithona similis and Pseudocalanus elongatus (Crustacea, Copepoda) in the western part of the Bering Sea. (In Russian.) lzv. tikhookean. nauchno.-issled. Inst. rvb. Khoz. Okeanogr. (TINRO), 101: 29-30.

A relation between female body size and number of eggs is established for the Copepoda. Regression equations are given to calculate fecundity without direct counts of egg numbers.

79:1541 Brunetti, Riccardo and Fabrizio Menin, 1977.

Ascidians of the Laguna Veneta [Italy]. 11. Distribution and ecological observations. Boll. Zool., 44(4): 337-352.

Setting and spawning periods, and spatial and temporal distributions are reported from observations made in the lower Laguna Veneta basin from 1971 to 1975. Istituto di Biologia Animale and Stazione Idrobiologica di Chioggia, Universita di Padova, Italy. (smf)

2. Invertebrates (systematics, life cycles, anatomy, physiology, etc.)

79:1538 Albani, A. D., 1978. Recent foraminifera of an

estuarine environment in Broken Bay, New South Wales. Aust. J. mar. Freshwat. Res., 29(3): 355-398.

A study of Recent foraminifera shows that a large and varied benthonic fauna primarily inhabits the portion of Broken Bay not subject to large changes in salinity. Figures include ca. 50 micrographs. School of Applied Geology, University of New South Wales, P.O. Box 1, Kensington, N.S.W. 2033. (dme)

79:1539 Battaglia, Bruno, P. M. Bisol et Vittorio Varotto,

1978. Variabilit~ g~nC, tique darts des populations marines et lagunaires de Tisbe holothuriae (Copepoda, Harpacticoida). [Genetic variability in marine and brackish populations of

79:1542 Caine, E. A., 1978. Habitat adaptations of North

American caprellid Amphipoda (Crustacea). Biol. Bull. mar. biol. Lab., Woods Hole, 155(2): 288-296.

North American caprellid amphipods are investigated for morphological variations, especially in crawling appendages, that are related to differing substrata. Substrata preferences and related morphological adaptations, limited swimming capabilities and dispersal mechanisms (including rafting) are discussed. Ten drawings. Department of Biology, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Madison, New Jersey 07940, U.S.A. (rio)

79:1543 Day, Jennifer, 1978. Southern African Cumacea.

!!!. Families Lampropidae and Ceratocumatidae. Ann, S. Aft. Mus., 76(3): 137-189.

Lampropidae appear bipolar in distribution being psychrophilic and avoiding the tropics; no member of the family has been found at depths less than 188 m in


southern African waters. Ceratocumatidae appear to be deep-water (depths greater than 196 m), essentially Atlantic forms. The only southern African ceratocumatid, Ceratocuma horridum is redescribed and re figured. Ca. 130 drawings. Zoology Department, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. (izs)

79:1544 Dunham, P. J. and Diane Skinner-Jacobs, 1978.

lntermolt mating in the lobster (Homarus americanus). Mar. Behav. Physiol., 5(3): 209-214.

Male-female pairs of lobsters are observed for mating behavior after 18-day isolation periods. Data are presented which question previously reported suggestions that mating occurs only within the 24- hour period after molting. Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. (smm)

79:1545 EI-Hawawi, A. S. N. and P. E. King, 1978.

Salinity and temperature tolerance by Nymphon gracile (Leach) and Achelia echinata (Hedge) (Pycnogonida). J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., 33(3): 213-221.

N. gracile lives higher in the littoral zone than A. echinata and was found to be more resistant to stresses caused by desiccation and temperature or salinity fluctuations. Department of Zoology, University College of Swansea, Swansea, Wales. (izs)

79:!546 Forbes, A. T., 1978. Maintenance of non-breeding

populations of the estuarine prawn Callianassa kraussi (Crustacea, Anomura, Thalassinidea). Zoologica Afr., 13(1 ): 33-40.

Although populations of C. kraussi Stebbing occur in salinities as low as 1% o, investigation shows that a minimum salinity of 25-30%0 is required for successful development of eggs and larvae. Dispersal into low salinity areas and maintenance of these non- breeding populations are accomplished by migration of the early post-larval stages from higher salinity areas. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Natal, King George V Avenue, Durban, 4001. (smf)

79:1547 Fry, W. G., ed., 1978. Sea spiders (Pycnogonida):

proceedings of a meeting held in bonour of Joel W. Hedgpeth on 7 October 1976 in London. Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 63(1/2): 238 pp.; 12 papers. Luton College, Park Square, Luton, Bedford- shire, England.

79:1548 Fry, W. G., 1978. A classification within the pycno-

gonids. Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 63(1/2): 35-58.

?¢lorphological similarities within the published descriptions of seventy-three genera of living pycnogonids suggest that the genera may be classified into five orders containing thirty families. Forty-five characters were chosen for the intercomparison, and similarity values were produced with a restricted version of Gower's Generalized Coefficient (S~). Principle coordinate analysis and single nearest- neighbor analysis (at 0.5% So) resulted in the classification hypothesis. New taxonomic names are offered and descriptions of suprageneric groups are given. Department of Science, Luton College, Park Square, Luton, Bedfordshire, England. (rio)

79:!549 Fry, W. G. and J. H. Stock, 1978. A pycnogonid

bibliography. Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 63(I/2): 197-238. Includes index of joint authors, editors, translators and alternative name forms. Depart- ment of Science, Luton College, Park Square, Luton, Bedfordshire, England.

79:1550 Fusaro, Craig, 1978. Food availability and egg

production: a field experiment with Hippa pacifica Dana (Decapoda: Hippidae). Pacif. Sci., 32(1): 17-23.

To test the relationship between food availability and egg production of the Pacific mole crab, a field experiment was conducted on Enewetak Atoll (Marshall Islands) in which one group of crabs was fed cubed shark meat. After the eighteen-day feeding program the percentage of ovigerous females had nearly doubled while a control group showed no significant change. Environmental temperature could be assumed to have no effect on this result. University of California, Santa Barbara, Marine Science Institute, Santa Barbara, California 93106, U.S.A. (rio)

79:1551 Ghidalia, Walter, 1978. L'apport des techniques

immunochimiques a la connaissance des Crustac~s D~capodes. [The contribution of immunochemical technique to the knowledge of Crustacea Decapoda.] Arch. Zool. exp. g~n., 119(2): 335-351.

Biological and systematic data concerning the decapod Crustacea, obtained by various immunochemical techniques, are analyzed and possible experimental causes of error reviewed. Equipe "Immunochimie et Srrologie des Arthropodes", Laboratoire de Zoologic, Universit6


Paris VI, 7, quai Saint-Bernard, 75230 Paris Cedex 05, France.

79:1552 Gros, Ph. et J.-CI. Cochard, 1978. Biologic de

Nyctiphanes couchii (Crustacea: Euphausiacea) dans le secteur nord du Golfe de Gascogne. [On the biology of Nyctiphanes couchii, Crus- tacea: Euphausiacea, in the northern Bay of Biscay.[ Annls Inst. oceanogr., Paris, 54(1): 25-46.

N. couchii specimens were collected close to the muddy bottom at depths of 80 to 100 m. Breeding cycles, developmental time scales and life-span are discussed. Figures include 2 drawings. Laboratoire d'Oc6anographie Biologique, Facult~ des Sciences et Techniques, F 29283 Brest Cedex, France. (rio)

79: ! 553 Guitart, Beatriz y Mario Formoso, 1976. Las pes-

querias de camar6n en el Atl~intico Centro occidental. [Shrimp fisheries in the central western Atlantic.] Revta lnvestnes, Cuba, 2(2): 133-198. Ca. 90 references.

79:1554 Haefner, P. A. Jr., 1978. Seasonal aspects of the

biology, distribution and relative abundance of the deep-sea red crab Geryon quinquedens Smith, in the vicinity of the Norfolk Canyon, western North Atlantic. Proc. natn. Shellfish. Ass., 68: 49-62.

Biological observations of the deep-sea red crab (a potentially marketable species) have so far been superficial; this three-year study of about 2500 crabs collected by demersal trawl provides seasonal data on distribution, relative abundance and reproductive biology. Department of Biology, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, U.S.A. (smf)

79:1555 Hayashi, Ken-Ichi and Toshio Sakamoto, 1978.

Taxonomy and biology of Metapenaeopsis palmensis (Haswell) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Pen- aeidae) collected from the Kii Strait, central Japan. Bull. japan. Soc. scient. Fish., 44(7): 709-714.

M. palmensis, a commercially important prawn accounting for 16-19% of small trawl fisheries in 1972- 1975, is abundant in Tanabe Bay but only in waters less than 30 m depth. Four drawings. Shimonoseki University of Fisheries, Yoshimi, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi-ken, Japan. (smm)

79:!556 Hayward, B. W., 1978. Foraminifera of the genera

Cycloloculina Heron-Allen and Earland 1908,

and Sherbornina Chapman 1922. J. foram. Res., 8(3): 225-240.

Thirteen species previously described are reduced to 2 species of Cycloloculina and 5 species of Sherbornina. The shallow, warm-water foraminiferans are distributed worldwide and range in form from simple to complex. Ca. 50 micrographs. New Zealand Geological Survey, P.O. Box 30 368, Lower Hurt, New Zealand. (smm)

79:1557 Hidu, Herbert, W. G. Valleau and F. P. Veitch, 1978.

Gregarious setting in European and American oysters: response to surface chemistry vs. waterborne pheromones. Proc. natn. Shellfish Ass., 68: 11-16.

A waterborne pheromone (extrapallial fluid) is shown to stimulate an increased setting response in the European oyster. This indicates that "gregarious setting" (Cole and Knight-Jones, 1949) is at least partially caused by chemicals released into the water column from postmetamorphic oysters rather than being solely caused by a surficial contact phenomenon. Cross-reactivity of the pheromone between European and American oysters is indicated and this suggests the possibility of linking the establishment of benthic communities to interspecies setting responses. Department of Oceanography, Ira C. Darling Center, University of Maine at Orono, Walpole, Maine 04573, U.S.A. (rio)

79:1558 lverson, E. W., 1978. Status of Exosphaeroma

inornata Dow and E. media George and Strom- berg (lsopoda: Sphaeromatidae) with ecological notes. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can., 35(10): 1381-1384.

Strong resemblances between the sphaeromatid isopods E. media from Puget Sound and E. inornata from California indicate synonymy. Differences between the original descriptions of both species are attributed to author errors or variations in the phenotype. Morphological and distributional variations are discussed. Eight drawings. Allan Hancock Foundation, University of Southern California, University Park, Los Angeles, California 90007, U.S.A. (rio)

79:1559 Kudinova-Pasternak, R. K., 1978. Gigantapseudidae

fam.n. (Crustacea, Tanaidacea) and composition of the suborder Monokonophora. (In Russian.) Zoo/. Zh., 57(8): 1150-I 161.

Based on samples from 6290-7880 m depth in the Philippine Trench, Gigantapseudidae fam.n, with the monotypic genus Gigantapseudes gen.n, and species Gigantapseudes adactylus sp.n. is established; subfam. Whitelegginae, transferred to the rank of


independent family Whiteleggidae; subfam. Leiopinae Gutu, 1972, rejected: and genera Leiopus Beddard, 1786 and Carpoapseudes Lang, 1968, reduced to the rank of subgenera of Apseudes Leach, 1914. A key to the monokonophoran families and subfamilies is provided. Includes twenty drawings and one photo. State University of Moscow, Moscow, USSR. (izs)

79: ! 560 Manton, S. M., 1978. Habits, functional morphology

and the evolution of pycnogonids. Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 63(1/2): 1-21.

The evolution of pycnogonids is investigated through their morphology, general habits and the functioning of their appendages. The morphology of pycnogonids can be viewed as modified arachnid morphology. This interpretation combined with recent fossil evidence suggests that there were more than one line of aquatic arachnids, that they were involved in more than one aquatic-terrestrial transition and that pycnogonids have descended from a line of aquatic arachnids that never became terrestrial. Ca. 40 drawings. Zoology Department, British Museum (Natural History), London, England. (rio)

79:1561 McKinney, L. D., R. D. Kalke and J. S. Holland,

1978. New species of amphipods from the western Gulf of Mexico. Contr. mar. Sci. Univ. Texas. 21: 133-159.

Four new species of gammaridean amphipods (Photis macromanus n.sp., Parametopella texensis n.sp., Eripisa incisa n.sp., Netamelita barnardi n.sp.) are described and compared providing evidence for the importance of Pacific stock to the Atlantic amphipod population. Ca. 90 drawings. Biology Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, U.S.A. (smm)

79:1562 McLachlan, Anton and C. G. Moore, 1978. Three

new species of Harpacticoida (Crustacea, Cope- podal from sandy beaches in Algoa Bay, South Africa, with keys to the genera Arenosetella, Hastigerella, Leptastacus and Psammastacus. Ann. S. Afr. Mus., 76(4): 191-211. Ca. fifty drawings. Department of Marine Biology, University of Liverpool, Port Erin, Isle of Man.

79:1563 McLaren, I. A., 1978. Generation lengths of some

temperate marine copepods: estimation, pre- diction, and implications. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can., 35(10): 1330-1342.

Extensive published data from Loch Striven, Scotland, and from various laboratory experiments are reanalyzed to suggest more efficient methods of

studying synchronous copepod life cycles, to generate better estimates of demographic and production parameters from laboratory data, to contend that in certain circumstances generation lengths are independent of food supply, and to reconsider certain approaches in plankton research. Biology Department, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4J1. (rio)

79:1564 McLaren, I. A. and C. J. Corkett, 1978. Unusual

genetic variation in body size, development times, oil storage, and survivorship in the marine copepod Pseudocalanus. Biol. Bull mar. biol. Lab.. Woods Hole, 155(2): 347-359.

Measurements of body size, copepodid development times, and relative amounts of oil in offspring of Pseudocalanus reared in the laboratory at 10°C suggest that underlying maternal and common- environment effects are expressed only early in life. The possible existence of cryptic or sibling species in this genetically complex population poses systematic and nomenclatural problems. Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4J l, Canada. (izs)

79:!565 Messana, G., R. Argano and F. Baldari, 1978.

Microcerberus (Crustacea, lsopoda, Micro- cerberidea) from the Indian Ocean. Monitore zool. ital., (N.S.)Suppl. 10(3): 69-79. Figures include 31 drawings. Centro di Studio per la Faunistica ed Ecologia Tropicali del C.N.R., Via Romana 17, 50125 Firenze, Italy.

79:1566 Millar, R. H., 1978. Ascidians from the Guyana

shelf. Neth. J. Sea Res., 12(1): 99-106.

Fourteen species of ascidians (two of which are new) were found on the Guyana shelf and one was collected from deeper water during cruises in 1966, 1969 and 1970. A comparison with the thirty-five species (Millar, 1977) identified on the Brazilian shelf indicates six species common to both areas and suggests that substratum differences are the major factors in determining the richness of ascidian fauna. Includes 18 drawings. Dunstaffnage Marine Research Laboratory, Oban, Scotland. (rlo)

79:1567 Morgan, Elfed, 1978. The energy cost of off-shore

migration in Nymphon gracile (Pycnogonida). Zool. J. Linn. Soc.. 63(1/2): 171-179.

N. gracile, normally a benthic littoral pycnogonid, is a weak swimmer that depends on tidal or off-shore currents for its seasonal migrations. Energy budget of an adult male specimen is estimated and related to


swimming patterns under constant conditions and in response to tidal pressure cycles. Department of Zoology and Comparative Physiology, University of Birmingham. (izs)

79:1568 Rassoulzadegan, Fereidoun, 1978. Dimensions et

taux d'ingestion des particules consomm~es par un tintinnide: Favella ehrenbergii (Clap. et Lachm.) Jfrg., cili~ p61agique marin. [Size and grazing rate of suspended particles by a tintinnid: Favella ehrenbergii (Clap. and Lachm.) J6rg., a pelagic marine ciliate.] Annls Inst. oc~anogr., Paris, 54(1): 17-23.

The ingestion of naturally occurring particles by the tintinnid F. ehrenbergii was measured under both light and dark conditions. Light appeared to influence feeding activity, captured particles ranged from 4-30 um and predation seemed dependent on particle size. Station Zoologique, Station Marine, F 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France. (smm)

79:1569 Robertson, P. B., 1978. A new species of asellote

marine isopod, Munna (Uromunna) hayesi (Crustacea: lsopoda) from Texas. Contr. mar. Sci. Univ. Texas, 21: 39-46.

Munna ( Uromunna) hayesi n.sp. from algal-covered rocks at Port Aransas, Texas, is described and represents the first record of the genus in the Gulf of Mexico and the second species of the subgenus in the western Atlantic. Twenty-one drawings. Biology Department, Lamar University, Beaumont, Texas 77710, U.S.A. (izs)

photographs. Department of Zoology, National Science Museum, Tokyo, Japan. (smm)

79:1572 Takeda, Masatsune, 1978. A new spider crab

[Grypachaeus tenuicollis sp.nov.] from off lriomote Island, the Ryukyu Islands. Bull. natn. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, (A, Zool.)4(2): 117-121.

During examination of crab specimens off Unarizaki, lriomote Island, a new species of spider crab related to Glypachaeus hyalinus was observed. It is described noting a subchellate last leg, an unusual characteristic in the Majidae. Ten drawings, one photograph. Department of Zoology, National Science Museum, Tokyo, Japan. (smm)

79:1573 Thompson, L. B., 1978. Distribution of living benthic

Foraminifera, lsla de los Estados, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina. J.foram. Res., 8(3): 241-257.

Sanders's rarefaction method is used to analyze benthic foraminiferal data from 54 stations between 0 and 903 m near Isla de los Estados. Four categories observed are associated with depth or exposure (protected or exposed to open ocean). Results are similar to previous findings. Twenty-nine micrographs; species list. Mobil Oil Corporation, Box 900, Dallas, Texas 75221, U.S.A. (smm)

79:!574 Van Soest, R. W. M., 1978. Marine sponges from

Curacao and other Caribbean localities. I. Kera- tosa. Stud. Fauna Cura¢ao Carib. Isl., , 56(179): 94 pp. Ca. 60 photos; 35 drawings. Institute of Taxonomic Zoology, University of Amsterdam.

79:1570 Robertson, P. B. and C. R. Shelton, 1978.

Two new species of haustoriid amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from the north- western Gulf of Mexico. Contr. mar. Sci. Univ. Texas, 21: 47-62.

Protohaustorius bousfieldi n.sp. and Parahaustorius obliquus n.sp. (sand-burrowing amphipods of the family Haustoriidae) are described. Their habitats are reported as well as distinguishing features. Ca. 35 drawings. Biology Department, Lamar University, Beaumont, Texas 77710, U.S.A. (smm)

79:1571 Takeda, Masatsune, 1978. Soldier crabs [Mictyrisl

from Australia and Japan. Bull. natn. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, (A, Zool.)4( 1): 31-38.

Three Australian species of soldier crabs are compared with Japanese M. longicarpus. Geographical distributions are provided. Seven

3. Algae (systematics, life cycles, morphology, physiology, etc. )

79:1575 Ganesan, E. K., 1976. Studies on the marine algal

flora of Venezuela. Vii. Some [7] new additions. Boln Inst. Oceanogr. Univ. Oriente, 15(1)" 73-82.

Seven species of marine red algae new to the Venezuelan flora are described. These observations will bc included in the forthcoming "Catalogue, bibliography and distribution of the marine benthic algae recorded for Venezuela." Figures include 21 drawings and 13 micrographs. Instituto Oceanogrdfico, Universidad de Oriente, Cuman~, Venezuela. (izs)

79:1576 Hoyle, M. D., 1978. Gracilaria abbottiana sp.nov.

Rhodophyta, Gigartinales): a second intertidal


species of Gracilaria from the island of Oahu, Hawaii. Phycologia, 17(3): 299-303.

The first compressed and second truly intertidal species of algae has been discovered off Oahu, Hawaii. The erect, maroon alga is differentiated from similar species by its smaller habit, morphology, anatomy or habitat. Six drawings. Department of Botany, University of Hawaii, 3190 Maile Way, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, U.S.A. (rio)

on growth, motility and survival. J. Phycol., 14(3): 309-313.

As part of an autecological study of O. luteus, the combined effects of temperature and salinity on growth, motility and survival are investigated to further elucidate Narragansett Bay (Rhode Island) population dynamics. Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, U.S.A. (izs)

79:1577 Lawson, G. W., 1978. The distribution of seaweed

floras in the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Ocean: a quantitative approach. Bot. J. Linn. Soc., 76(3): 177-193.

Ordination using reciprocal averaging proved most satisfactory for phytogeographical analysis of nearly 1500 tropical and subtropical Atlantic marine algae species. Two clearly defined groupings exist: eastern Atlantic and western Atlantic, with members of the latter group being more closely related. Figures include a foidout chart of phytogeographical indicator species. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria. (izs)

79:!578 Ramus, J., 1978. Seaweed anatomy and photo-

synthetic performance: the ecological significance of light guides, heterogeneous absorption and multiple scatter. J. Phycol., 14(3): 352-362.

A relationship among seaweed thallus anatomy, absorptance (fraction of incident light absorbed), and photosynthesis in extreme natural light environments is hypothesized. Relative species abundances along a monotonic gradient of light intensity are predicted. Figures include 3 micrographs. Duke University Marine Laboratory, Pivers Island, Beaufort, North Carolina 28516, U.S.A. (izs)

79:1579 Thomas, W. H., A. N. Dodson and F. M. H. Reid,

1978. Diatom productivity compared to other algae in natural marine phytoplankton assemblages.J. Phycol., 14(3): 250-253.

Comparing total productivity with diatom productivity shows that diatoms can outcompete other algae to an extent greater than their biomass would suggest. This finding increases the "paradox of the plankton" (the mystery of such high diversity among coexisting microalgae). Institute of Marine Resources, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, U.S.A. (izs)

79: i 580 Tomas, C. R., 1978. Olisthodiscus luteus lChryso-

phyceael. !. Effects of salinity and temperature

79:1581 Tomas, C. R., 1978. Olisthodiscus luteus {Chryso-

phyceael. I!. Formation and survival of a benthic stage. J. Phycol., 14(3): 314-319.

Growth studies of the unicellular motile alga O. luteus were conducted with salinity and temperature as the variable parameters. Aggregation into an agglutinated, encapsulated and non-motile benthic stage occurred over a wide range of salinities (10 to 50 ppt) and temperature (15-30°C). Temperature was found to be the crucial parameter with optimum growth at 20°C and loss of motility at decreasing temperatures. Cell morphology of the motile and benthic stages is compared with other Olisthodiscus species and the ecological implications of the benthic stage are considered. Fourteen micrographs. Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, U.S.A. (rio)

79:1582 Van Den Hock, C., 1978. Marine algae from the

coral reef of Curacao, Netherlands Antilles. I. Three new and one rarely observed species from the steep fore-reef slope. Aquat. Bot., 5(1): 47-61.

Ecological investigations of the deeper parts of the fringing coral reef have led to the discovery of three new species of marine algae (one of which represents a new genus) and the observation of one rare species. Respectively, these are: Diplothamnionjolyi nov.spec. (Rhodophyceae, Ceramiales); Udotea reticulata nov.spec. (Chlorophyceae, Caulerpales); Bakotham- nion curassavicum nov.gen., nov.spec. (Rhodo- phyceae, Ceramiales); and Rhododictyon ber- mudense Taylor (1961) (Rhodophyceae, Cera- miales). Nine drawings. Department of Systematic Botany, Biological Centre, State University of Groningen, P.O. Box 14, Haren, Groningen, The Netherlands. (rio)

4. Chemistry of marine organisms and bio- chemistry

79:1583 Haines, K. C. and P. A. Wheeler, 1978. Ammonium

and nitrate uptake by the marine macrophytes


Hypnea musciformis (Rhodophytat and Macro- cystis pyrifera (Phaeophytal. J. Phycol., 14(3): 319-324.

Continuous sampling with an autoanalyzer revealed reduction of nitrate uptake by one-half in the presence of ammonium, but no effect on ammonium uptake in the presence of nitrate for H. musciformis; and simultaneous uptake of the two ions in M. pyrifera. Such knowledge of nitrogen uptake kinetics is essential to realize optimal production in mariculture systems. The University of Texas Marine Science Institute, St. Croix Marine Station, Box Z, Kingshill, St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands 00850. (izs)

79:!584 Johnson, D. L. and R. M. Burke, 1978. Biological

mediation of chemical speciation. II. Arsenate reduction during marine phytoplankton blooms. Chemosphere, 7(8): 645-648.

Water column chemical speciation of arsenic is followed during a winter-spring diatom bloom. A temporal steady state model incorporating chemical, biological and physical parameters is invoked to explain the presence of the unfavorable arsenite form, As (Ii i) , in seawater to en extent much greater than can be accounted for by thermodynamic equilibrium. Department of Chemistry, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York 13210, U.S.A. (izs)

79:i585 Lenel, R., G. Negre-Sadargues et R. Castillo, 1978.

Les pigments carotenoides chez les Crustaces. (Revue.) [Carotenoid pigments in Crustacea. Review.I Arch. Zool. exp. grin., 119(2): 297-334.

Examination of previous research on crustacean carotenoids yields a pigment inventory. Further investigations on the physiological and ecological aspects of crustacean carotenoids are warranted. Ca. 150 references. Centre de Physiologie des Invert6br6s, Groupe d'Etude du m6tabolisme des pigments carot6noides, Universit6 des Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 34060 Montpellier Cedex, France. (izs)

79:1586 Murphy, L. S., 1978. Biochemical taxonomy of

marine phytoplankton by electrophoresis of enzymes. !!. Loss of heterozygosity in clonal cultures of the centric diatoms Skeletonema costatum and Thalassiosira pseudonana. J. Phv- col., 14(3): 247-250.

New isolates of S. costatum and T. pseudonana, heterozygous at two enzyme loci, were cultured for six months and reassayed; they exhibited considerable loss of heterozygosity. Implications of this loss for ecological correlations are considered. Woods Hole

Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachu- setts 02543, U.S.A. (izs)

79:1587 Topinka, J. A., 1978. Nitrogen uptake by Fucus

spiralis (Phaeophyceae). J. Phycol., 14(3): 241-247.

In the marine macroalga F..spiralis, ammonium, nitrate and nitrite uptake kinetics are compared; effects of temperature and light on nutrient uptake investigated; differential uptake by frond and stipe described; and effects of high ammonium concentrations on nitrate uptake determined. Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, West Boothba~ Harbor, Maine 04575, U.S.A. (izs)

5. Plankton (zooplankton, phytoplankton, nannoplankton, primary productivity, seston and detritus)

79:1588 Andreev, V. L. and V. V. Andreeva, 1977.

Correlation analysis of abundance of the mass copepod species in the northern part of the Sea of Japan. (In Russian.) Izv. tikhookean. nauchno.-issled. Inst. ryb. Khoz. Okeanogr. (TINRO), 101: 42-47.

79:1589 Cassin, J. M., 1978. Phytoplankton floristics of a

Long Island embayment. Bull. Torrev bot. Club. 105(3): 205-213.

Phytoplankton studies were conducted in South Oyster and Great South bays and adjacent New York Bight providing baseline data with which to assess the effects of sewage outfall construction. Results indicate that diversity indices alone are insufficient for judging estuarine water quality. Adelphi University, Department of Biology and Institute of Marine Science, Garden City, New York 11530, U.S.A. (rio)

79: ! 590 Cote, Raynald et Guy kacroix, 1978. Capacite

photosynthetique du phytoplancton de la couche aphotique dans le fjord du Saguenay. [Photo- synthetic capacity of deep phytoplankton in the Saguenay Fjord.J Int. Revue ges. Hydro- bioL ltydrogr., 63(2): 233-246.

Abnormally high chlorophyll values have been observed in the deep layer of the Saguenay Fjord, Quebec, Canada. Capability of this dark-adapted phytoplankton to photosynthesize upon reiilumina- tion was investigated. Photosynthetic capacity is retained well as shown by relatively high production rates, a low tidal variability of these rates and very high P:B ratios. Departement des Sciences pures


UniversitE du Quebec a Chicoutimi 930est, rue Jacques Cartier, Chicoutimi, QuEbec, G7H 2BI, Canada.

advection-diffusion model. The Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, McKown Point, West Boothbay Harbor, Maine 04575, U.S.A. (izs)

79:!591 Drenner, R. W., J. R. Strickler and W. J. O'Brien,

1978. Capture probability: the role of zooplankter escape in the selective feeding of planktivorous fish. J. Fish. Res. BdCan., 35(10): 1370-1373.

The conditional probabilities of being captured by a simulated fish-suction intake ranged from 0.76 to 0.96 for cladocerans and from 0.07 to 0.28 for copepods. Gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianurn) feeding experiments confirmed that these differential capture probabilities can result in an apparent planktivore feeding selectivity for cladoceran zooplankters. Department of Biology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, U.S.A.

79:1592 Eng-Wilmot, D. L. and D. F. Martin, 1977. Growth

response of the marine blue-green alga, Gompho- sphaeria aponina, to inorganic nutrients and significance to management of Florida red tide. Microbios, 19(77/78): 167-179.

Gomphosphaeria aponina produces a surfactant which is ~ cytolytic at above 60 ug/L towards Gyrnnodinium breve, the problematic "red tide" dinoflagellate. The bioactive surfactant has a thermal stability and rate of degradation that make it an economically and environmentally acceptable bio- control agent. Nutrient requirements of both species are compared. Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, U.S.A. (rio)

79:1593 Goswami, S. C. and M. J. George, 1978. Diel vari-

ations in occurrence of penaeid larvae in estuarine and nearshore waters of Goa [India]. Indian J. mar. Sci., 7(1): 33-38.

Relative abundance of commercially important penaeid prawns is examined to determine a suitable time for collection. Diel rhythm, tidal oscillations, and season all influence distribution of the different developmental stages. National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa 403004, India. (smm)

79:1594 King, F. D., A. H. Devol and T. T. Packard, 1978.

Plankton metabolic activity in the eastern tropical North Pacific. Deep-Sea Res., 25(8): 689-704.

Horizontal and vertical distributions of plankton respiration are determined from electron transport system (ETS) activity measurements. A vertical carbon balance based on ETS activity data is presented. ETS-derived respiration rates in the deep sea (I-3 km) agree with rates calculated by a vertical

79:1595 Kwak, Hi-Sang and Kyung-Ro Lee, 1977. Distribu-

tion of phytoplankton pigments in Yeongil Bay water of Korea, late October. (In Korean.) J. oceanol. Soc. Korea, 12(2): 57-66.

Chlorophyll concentrations, as measured by vertical phytoplankton sampling in Yeongil Bay in late October 1973, are used to identify different water masses in the bay. Chlorophyll concentrations decreased with horizontal distance from the interior of the bay to the harbor entrance, and were vertically layered (the interior had two layers while the middle and outer bays had three layers). This results from the presence of two different water masses. A positive relationship exists between chlorophyll a and chlorophyll c and the c/a ratio is about 4. Korea Research Institute of Ship and Ocean. (rio)

79:1596 Newbury, T. K., 1978. Consumption and growth rates

of chaetognaths and copepods in subtropical oceanic waters. Pacif Sci., 32(I): 61-78.

The rates of food consumption and the growth rates of the chaetognath Pterosagitta draco and the copepod Scolecithrix danae in the Pacific Ocean near Hawaii were found to be lower than those indicated in laboratory experiments. Consumption rates for the chaetognath were derived from a comparison of stomach contents and digestion times while growth rates were calculated with temporal patterns of variations in the size compositions of the spring populations. United States Department of the Interior, Alaska-Outer Continental Shelf Office, Box I 159, Anchorage, Alaska 99510, U.S.A. (rio)

79:1597 Niemi, Ake, 1978. Ecology of phytoplankton in

the Tv~irminne area, SW coast of Finland. II!. Environmental conditions and primary production in Pojo~iken in the 1970s. Acta bot. fenn., 106: 1-28.

Hydrographic, nutrient, chlorophyll a and in-situ phytoplankton primary production data were collected and compared with previous data. From 1972 to 1974 the oxygen content of Pojoviken (a highly stratified and shallow-silled estuary) deep waters decreased; possibly autumn-winter water exchange over the sill was hindered by the unusually mild meteorological conditions during this period. Department of Botany, University of Helsinki, Unioninkatu 44, SF-00170 Helsinki 17, Finland. (rio)

79:1598 Porter, K. G., J. W. Porter and S. L. Ohlhorst, 1978.

I)SR(Iq 26 4 I)


Resident reef plankton. Monogr. oceanogr. Methodol., U.N., 5:499-514.

This synthesis of sampling techniques, literature and original data was written to suggest how endemic reef plankton might be studied and to explain their importance in the coral reef ecosystem. Department of Zoology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, U.S.A. (smf)

79:1599 Radhakrishna, K., 1978. Primary productivity of

the Bay of Bengal during March-April 1975. lndian J. mar. Sci., 7(1): 58-60.

Bay of Bengal primary productivity is higher in surface than in subsurface waters. Daily productivity at the surface ranges from 1.56 to 110.26 mg C/ma/d; in the euphoric zone, 0.063 to 0.25 g C/m~/d. Phytoplankton and zooplankton standing crop, phosphate, and nitrate data are discussed. National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula 403004, Goa, India. (smm)

79: i 600 Slawyk, G., Y. Collos, M. Minas and J.-R. Grail,

1978. On the relationship between carbon-to- nitrogen [C:NI composition ratios of the particulate matter and growth rate of marine phytoplankton from the northwest African up- welling area. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol.. 33(2): 119-131.

In an attempt to predict phytoplankton growth from the easily determined C : N ratio of particulate matter, it was found that the correlation between the high ratios of cold, nutrient-rich waters and the low ratios of warmer, more oligotrophic waters mimics the relationship found in steady-state chemostat cultures of various species. Thus, even though particulate matter cannot be considered characteristic of phytoplankton only, the C : N ratio can serve as an indicator of biological activity. Station Marine d'Endoume, Laboratoire d'Oceanographie, Centre Universitaire de Luminy, Marseille, France. (bwt)

79:1601 Volkov, A. F. and 1. F. Moroz, 1977. Zooplankton

distribution and water dynamics peculiarities in the eastern tropical Pacific. (In Russian.) Izv. tikhookean, nauchno.-issled, Inst. rvb. Khoz. Okeanogr. (TINRO), 101: 25-28.

Connection of plankton distribution with surface circulation and the quasistationary character, for many years, of the distribution of hydrologic and biological indices are discussed.

79:1602 Wafar, M. V. M., 1977. Phytoplankton production

of two atolls of the Indian Ocean. Mahasagar, 10(3/4): 117-121.

Primary productivity studies in the Lakshadweep Archipelago indicate a negligible contribution of the larger phytoplankton to reef production; nannoplankton (<64u) , however, contribute 65-75% of total production. Zooplankton biomass was higher outside the reef. National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula 403004, Goa, India. (smm)

6. Microbiology (bacteria, fungi, etc, l

79:1604 Baross, J. A., John Liston and R. Y, Morita, 1978.

Incidence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus bacteriophages and other Vibrio bacteriophages in marine samples. Appl. environ. Microbiol., 36(3): 492-499.

Vibrio bacteriophages that lyze a variety of bacteria indigenous to the marine environment were isolated (in 177 of 643 samples) by enrichment of organic and inorganic samples. Frequencies and specificities of different bacteriophages were investigated. Numbers of V. parahaemolyticus bacteriophages (the predominant type that was isolated) are found to rise with increasing seasonal water temperature, occasionally exceeding 106 per gram of oyster in the summer. The fact that V. parahaemolyticus bacteriophages were unexpectedly isolated in cold environment samples indicates that this bacteriophage may originate from other Vibrio spp. School of Oceanography and Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis. Oregon 97331, U.S.A. (rio)

79:1605 Bertru, Georges, 1978. Anaerobiose au niveau des

sediments et repartition des bacteries au sein de la colonne d'eau. [Anaerobic conditions at the mud level and the distribution of bacteria in the water column.I Int. Revue ges. llvdro- biol. ttydrogr.. 63(2): 205-212.

Influence of anaerobic conditions on bacterial distribution is studied. Bacteria using organic compounds of small molar weights are present at the mud-water interface. Release of organic matter by mud into the water column promotes the development of mixotrophic algae. Universite de Rennes, lnstitut Compartement et Environnement, Laboratoire de Physiologie Vegetale et Hydrobiologie, Avenue de General Leclerc B.P, 25A, 35031 Rennes, Cedex, France.


79:1606 Carey, A. E. and G. R. Harvey, 1978. Metabolism

of polychlorinated biphenyls by marine bacteria. Bull. environ. Contamin. Toxicol., 20(4): 527-534.

Biological uptake and subsequent conversion of PCB's to their polar metabolites may partially account for the diminishing concentrations in ocean water. It was found that mixed aerobic cultures of nearshore marine bacteria are capable of metabolizing PCB's; acid lactone metabolite was isolated and partially characterized. The lack of metabolism in anaerobic marine muds indicates that these environments may serve as long-term sinks for PCB's. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, U.S.A. (bwt)

79:1607 Chang, Dong-Suck and Seong Jun Kim, 1978.

Distribution and physiological characteristics of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in coastal sea of Korea. (In Korean; English summary.) Bull. Fish. Res. Dev. Ag., Busan, 19: 7-52.

Ecological, biochemical and serological characteristics of V. parahaernolyticus were studied with samples of sea water, sediments and organisms from coastal regions of Korea. The density of the bacterium was determined by the most-probable-number method; detection ratios were measured for different samples, locations and seasons; and the variation of bacterial numbers as a function of temperature, water depth and off-shore distance was investigated. Ca. 130 references. Department of Food Science and Technology, National Fisheries University of Busan, Busan, Korea. (rio)

79:1608 Gilbert, P. D. and I. J. Higgins, 1978. The microbial

degradation of crude mineral oils at sea. J. gen. Microbiol., 108( I): 63-70.

Bacterial degradation of three crude oils was studied in-situ during winter and spring in a highly saline estuary. The development of apparatus suitable for this long-term field experiment and the results of the degradation are discussed. Biological Laboratory, The University, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7N J, England. (bwt)

79:1609 Grell, K. G. und Gertrud Benwitz, 1978. Ultra-

struktur mariner Amoben. IV. Corallomyxa chattoni n.sp. II'ltrastructure of marine amebas. IV. Corallomyxa chattoni n.sp.I Arch. Protis- tenk., 120(3): 287-300.

Corallomyxa chattoni n.sp. from the Mediterranean Sea is described. Its relationships with C. mutabilis. Stereomvxa ramosa and S. angulosa, as well as the

possibility of its identity with Cinetidomyxa chattoni Cachon et Cachon-Enjumet, are discussed. Twenty- eight micrographs. (smf)

79:1610 Griffiths, R. P., S. S. Hayasaka, T. M. McNamara

and R. Y. Morita, 1978. Relative microbial actidty and bacterial concentrations in water and sediment samples taken in the Beaufort Sea. Can. J. Microbiol., 24( 10): 1217-1226.

Analysis of water, ice and sediment samples from the relatively pristine Beaufort Sea showed: lower relative microbial activity and bacterial cell concentrations in winter; higher percentage of respiration of glutamic acid in winter and in water samples; an average maximum potential rate of glutamic acid uptake as high or higher than in more temperate waters; and similar levels of relative microbial activity in melted sea ice and associated seawater. Department of Microbiology and School of Oceanography, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, U.S.A. (izs)

79:1611 Hoppe, H.-G., 1978. Relations between active

bacteria and heterotrophic potential in the sea. Neth. J. Sea Res., 12(1): 78-98.

ln-situ microbiological methodology is discussed with emphasis on autoradiography. Results of some autoradiographic studies on heterotrophic potential in the western Baltic are presented. Figures include 6 bacteria micrographs. Institut fiir Meereskunde, Kiel, F.R.G. (izs)

79:1612 Imagawa, Toshiaki and Takao Nakamura, 1978.

Properties and kinetics of salt activation of a membrane-bound NADH dehydrogenase from a marine bacterium Photobacterium phosphoreum. J. Biochem., Tokyo, 84(3): 547-557.

Kinetic analysis of NADH dehydrogenase showed activation of the enzyme by monovalent cations (Na ~, K +) and deactivation by high concentrations of monovalent anions (SCN , NOa , C1 but not phosphate ions). NADH-cytochrome c reductase activity was strongly inhibited by Na + and K +. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560, Japan. (izs)

79:1613 lnai, Michiko and Daiichi Kakimoto, 1978.

Studies on malate dehydrogenase of marine bacteria. II. Effect of the salts on malate dehydrogenase extraction from bacterial cells. Bull. japan. Soc. scient. Fish., 44(7): 771-774.

Malate dehydrogenase exhibited high stability and was effectively extracted from one species of marine


Pseudomonas by 0.05 xn Tris-HCI buffer solutions (pH7.8) containing one of these I xf salts: (NH,)~SO,, NH~CI, NaC/, KCI, MgSOa, MgCI~ and CaCI2. No difference in extraction effect was observed among these salts and no similar effect of salts was ascertained for terrestrial counterparts. Kogoshima Junshin Junior College, Kagoshima, Japan. (izs)

79:1614 Jentsch, Friedrich und Horst Gartner, 1978.

Chemische Parameter in IOstseel Ktistenge- w/issern in Korrelation zu mikrobiologischen Parametern. Whemical parameters in Baltic coastal waters in correlation with microbiological parameters. J Zentbl. Bakt. ParasitKde, (B)167(1/2): 115-119.

Nearly 4600 samples of Baltic Sea coastal water were characterized by microbiological parameters as well as by pH, ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, and oxidizability by permanganate. Correlation of E, coil with chemical parameters varies strongly according to parameter, region, and season. Sanitary assessments can only be based on microbiological findings.

79:1615 Nair, Shanta, P. A. Loka Bharathi and C. T.

Achuthankutty, 1978. Distribution of hetero- trophie bacteria in marine sediments lalong the west and southeast coasts of India[. Indian J. mar. Sci., 7(1 ): 18-22.

Studies of heterotrophic bacteria and dehydrogenase activity in nearshore bottom sediments showed the presence of both marine and terrestrial bacteria, higher numbers of cellulolytes than starch and fat hydrolyzers, overall low proteolytic activity, low numbers of urea hydrolyzers, and higher bacterial population numbers in clay-type sediments. National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula 403004, Goa, India. (izs)

79:1616 Olson, B. H., 1978. Enhanced accuracy of coliform

testing in seawater by a modification of the most-probable-number method. Appl. environ. Microbiol., 36(3): 438-444.

Tests that can accurately indicate the presence and numbers of bacterial organisms are important in assessing water quality. A year-long study of marine water samples taken from six beach locations in California indicates that the most-probable-number method is deficient in the recovery of the full coliform population of a sample. A modification of this method (involving the inclusion of false-negative tubes) revealed regularly higher coliform counts and violation of health standards in 20% of the samples. Program in Social Ecology, University of California, Irvine, California 92717, U.S.A. (rio)

79:1617 Roper, M. M. and K. C. Marshall, 1978. Biological

control agents of sewage bacteria in marine habitats. Aust. J. mar. Freshwat. Res., 29(3): 335-343.

The input of sewage containing Escheria coil into natural seawater is correlated with increased numbers of natural microbial parasites and predators. The direct proportion between the numbers of fecal bacteria and their antagonists is evidence for a predictable successional sequence. Closer to the sewage outlet, where host availability is at a maximum, the rate of predation is highest. Detailed studies of two predators, a fruiting myxobacter (Polyangium) and a small amoeba (Vexill(fera), are presented. Figures include 7 micrographs. School of Microbiology, University of New South Wales, P.O. Box 1, Kensington, N.S.W. 2033. (rio)

79:1618 Sorokin, Yu. ]., 1978. Microbial production in the

coral-reef community. Arch. Hydrobiol., 83(3): 281-323,

Microbial production was studied at Fanning Atoll, Majuro Atoll and the Hawaiian Reef utilizing direct microscopic examination and the radiocarbon method., Reef microbial biomass approximates that of eutrophic neritic biotopes, exceeds phytoplankton biomass, and constitutes an important nutrient source for benthic filter-, sediment: and suspension-feeders and planktonic filter-feeders. Trophic dynamics and the energy budget of reef communities are discussed. Gelendzhik/UdSSR. (izs)

79:1619 Stanev, Tz., 1978. Some data on seasonal fluctu-

ations of the heterotrophic bacteria at atmospheric microlevel of the Black Sea. (In Russian.) lzv. naucknoizled. Inst. Okeanogr. Ribno Stopan.. Varna, 16: 137-140.

From samples taken at three shore stations in the Tulenovo-Varna area, information is given on heterotrophic bacterial density and seasonal fluctuations.

79:1620 Yimoney, J. F., Jennifer Port, Janis Giles and

J. Spanier, 1978, Hea~y-metal and antibiotic resistance in the bacterial flora of sediments of New York Bight. Appl. environ. Microbiol., 36(3): 465-472.

Evidence suggests that heavy-metal contamination of an exosystem exerts a selective pressure for heavy- metal and antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Department of Microbiology, New York State College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, U.S.A. (izs)


79:1621 Wong-Chong, G. M. and R. C. Loehr, 1978.

Kinetics of microbial nitrification: nitrite-nitrogen oxidation. Wat. Res., 12(8): 605-609.

Nitrite-nitrogen oxidation kinetics by enriched Nitrobacter cultures were examined under various temperatures (9°-35°C), pH(6.0-8.5), and microbial concentrations. For substrate concentrations 100- 1100 mg N/L, the reaction was zero order. Inhibition by free ammonia and nitrous acid is discussed. Water Resources Fellowship, Carnegie-Mellon Institute of Research, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, U.S.A.

7. Bottom fauna and flora (including attached coastal forms)

79:1622 Beukema, J. J., W. De Bruin and J. J. M. Jansen,

1978. Biomass and species richness of the macrobenthic animals living on the tidal rials of the Dutch Wadden Sea: long-term changes during a period with mild winters. Neth. J. Sea Res., 12(l): 58-77.

Quantitative sampling of macrobenthic fauna on the tidal flats in the Dutch Wadden Sea during 1977 is compared with a similar sampling program conducted in 1971 and 1972. Total biomass remained about the same but its composition was markedly different. The data suggest that a series of mild winters caused some species to decline because of inadequate recruitment and caused increases in some species due to enhanced survivability. Species density increased as a result of both greater diversity of species and increased frequencies of several species. Netherlands Institute of Sea Research, Texel, The Netherlands. (rlo)

79:1623 Carbonel, Pierre, 1978. Densites fauniques d'ostra-

codes en milieu intertidal euryhalin: role de I'emersion. [Ostracod faunal densities in a euryhaline intertidal milieu: the role of immersion.] Bull. Inst. Gdol. Bassin Aquitaine. 23: 165-171.

A quantiatitive study of Ostracoda from the Eyre delta (Arcachon Basin, southwestern France) has demonstrated the importance of immersion time in the quantitative distribution of intertidal Ostracoda.

79:1624 de Haro, A., 1978. Ecological distribution of pycno-

gonids on the Catalan coast. Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 63(1/2): 181-196.

Specific abundance, frequency, diversity, bathymetric distribution, reproductive periodicity and pycnogonid composition in relation to substrate type are

determined with data collected between Cadaques and Casas d'Alcanar on the Catalan coast. The sampling yielded twenty species; Achelia echinata and Ammothella longipes were dominant. Highest diversities (Shannon-Weaver Index) were associated with a more stable substratum such as Posidonia oceanica. The data suggest several reproductive cycles per year, but neither the cycle duration nor whether single populations undergo multiple cycles is clear. Departamento do Zoologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain. (rio)

79:1625 Dye, A. H., 1978. Epibenthic algal production in the

Swartkops Estuary [South Africa l. Zoologica Afr., 13(1): 157-158.

Primary production was measured at two locations: a sandy beach near the mouth and a muddy beach in the upper reaches during spring and autumn 1976. In addition to sediment type and seasonal change, differing tidal levels were studied in relation to benthic metabolism. Production in the muddy areas (116.5 gC/m2/yr) compared well with published data and averaged twice that of sandy areas (53 gC/m2/yr), yet the latter value was nearly ten times that of a Scottish beach (6.5 gC/m2/yr, Steele and Baird, 1968), De- partment of Zoology, University of Port Elizabeth. (rlo)

79:!626 Dye, A. H. and J. P. Furstenberg, 1978. An eco-

physiological study of the meiofauna of the Swartkops Estuary [South Africa]. I. The sam- piing sites: physical and chemical features. I!. The meiofauna: composition, distribution, seasonal fluctuation and biomass. Zoologica Aft., 13(I): 1-32; 2 papers.

Results from a fourteen-month ecological study of the meiofauna of two beaches are presented. The interstitial environment was greatly influenced by the sand prawn (Callianassa kraussi); meiofaunal population densities were directly related to sand particle size; oxygen and dessication were important factors in intertidal faunal distributions; food was not a limiting factor; nematodes constituted the dominant taxon. Standing crop biomass was 0.40 g/m s in sandy areas, 0.07 g/m s in muddy areas. Zoology Department, University of Port Elizabeth. (izs)

79:1627 Golshall, D. W., 1978. Catch-per-unit-of-effort

studies of northern California (Dungeness crabs, Cancer magister). Calif. Fish Game, 64(3): 189-199.

interviews of commercial crab fishermen were used to estimate the abundance of legal-sized Dungeness crabs, their mortality rates and expected season


landings. California Department of Fish and Game, P.O. Box 90, Avila Beach, California 93424, U.S.A. (rio)

79:1628 Kirkman, Hugh, 1978. Decline of seagrass in northern

areas of Moreton Bay, Queensland [Australial. ,4quat. Bot,, 5(1): 63-76.

The declining viability of seagrass beds poses a threat to penaeid prawns that inhabit the beds. A study conducted between June 1974 and December 1975 indicated that sand movement was the primary factor while cropping was of secondary importance and disease was a negligible factor. Aerial photography and ground measurements were utilized to measure changes in sand deposition. The visual grading of seagrass correlates with measures of total biomass and is a convenient tool. CSIRO Division of Fisheries and Oceanography, P.O. Box 21, Cronulla, N.S.W. 2230, Australia. (rio)

79: i 629 Lowe, G. C. Jr. and E. R. Cox, 1978. Species

composition and seasonal periodicity of the marine benthic algae of Galveston Island, Texas. Contr. mar. Sci. Univ. Texas, 21: 9-24. Includes species lists. Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, U.S.A.

79:1630 Marinov, T., 1978. Qualitative composition and

quantitative distribution of the meiobenthos of the Bulgarian Black Sea waters. (In Russian; English abstract.) lzv. nauchnoizled. Inst. Okeanogr. Ribno Stopan., Varna, 16: 35-49.

Nematodes, harpacticoid copepods and polychaetes dominated the 63 Black Sea cores qualitatively. Meiobenthic density was greatest in silty sands from 16-20 m depth, diminishing rapidly below 35 m. Includes a species tabulation. (izs)

79:1631 McLachlan, Anton, 1978. A quantitative analysis of

the meiofauna and the chemistry of the redox potential discontinuity zone in a sheltered sandy beach. Estuar. coast, mar. Sci., 7(3): 275-290.

This detailed investigation of the relationships between composition and abundance of metazoan meiofauna and the chemical changes occurring in the redox potential discontinuity (RPD) zone quantified the effects of a series of oxygen tensions on meiofauna and interstitial water chemistry. Meiofaunal vertical distribution was strongly correlated with chemical gradients, which appeared to be determined by oxygen availability; in summer RPDs moved up 5-10 cm, chemical factors became more limiting and meiofauna were more randomly dispersed;

harpacticoids were the most sensitive to the effects of decreasing oxygen tensions in winter. Zoology Department, University of Port Elizabeth, P.O. Box 1600, Port Elizabeth 6000, Republic of South Africa. (izs)

79:1632 Moore, D. M., 1978. Seasonal changes in distribution

of intertidal macrofauna in the lower Mersey Estuary, U.K. Estuar. coast, mar. Sci., 7: 117-125.

Seasonal variation in the fine sand and mud content of the sediments of the east shore are found to regulate the distribution of intertidal macrofauna. Down-shore gradients are observed year-round whereas long-shore gradients appear in the autumn and continue only until spring. The effects of heavy organic pollution and the physical properties of the estuary are discussed in relation to turbidity and sedimentation. Marine Sciences Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. (rio)

79: ! 633 Polderman, P. J. G., 1978. Algae of saltmarshes

on the south and southwest coasts of England. Br. phycol. J., 13(3): 235-240.

Algal vegetation along the Bristol Channel is typically estuarine; southern English marshes are rich in algal species and communities. Cladophora globulina (K/itz.) is reported as new to the British marine fauna. ICL Nederland, P.O. Box 2060, The Hague, The Netherlands. (smf)

79: ! 634 Segerstrale, S. G., 1978. The negative correlation

between the abundances of the amphipod Ponto- poreia and the bivalve Macoma in Baltic waters, and the factors invohred. Annls zool. Fenn., ~ 5(2): 143-145.

A negative correlation has repeatedly been observed between the abundances of Pontoporeia (P. a/finis and P.femorata) and Macoma baltica in the northern Baltic, Various views on the factors involved are discussed; predation on young Macoma by Pontoporeia, doubted in a recent paper by Ankar, is considered to offer the most likely explanation. Biological Laboratory of the Institute of Marine Research, Box 136, SF-00121, I-lelsinki 12, Finland.

79:1635 Shillaker, R. O. and P. G. Moore, 1978. Tube building

by the amphipods Lembos websteri Bate and Corophium bonnellii Milne Edwards. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., 33(2): 169-185.

Ecology of the tube-building amphipods L. websteri and C. bonnellii is described. Tubes collected from different locations as well as burrowing capabilities


are compared. Figures include 4 underwater tube photos. Health and Safety Laboratories, Health and Safety Executive, Red Hill, Sheffield, England. (smm)

79: ! 636 Sokolova, M. N., 1978. Trophic classification of

the types of deep-sea macrobenthos spread. (In Russian.) Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 241 (2): 471-474.

79:1637 Squires, H. J. and G. Riveros, 1978. Fishery biology

of spiny lobster [ Panulirus argusl of the Guajira Peninsula of Colombia, South America, 1969- 1970. Proc. hath. Shellfish. Ass., 68: 63-74.

The potential yield of P. argus in this region is projected at 1000 tons/yr if the available 2000 km 2 productive area is fully utilized. Reproduction, growth and feeding habits were investigated and a minimum size limit of 76 mm (carapace length) is recommended to insure a sustainable yield. 122 University Avenue, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada. (rio)

79:1638 Underwood, A. J., 1978. A refutation of critical tidal

levels as determinants of the structure of intertidal communities on British shores. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., 33(3): 261-276.

This first quantitative test of zonation pattern determinants, based on transects from various coastal sites in Britain, provides no support for the hypothesis that there are critical tidal levels regulating British intertidal community structure. As species appear to be distributed along a continuously varying gradient from low to high tidal levels, factors controlling upper and lower distribution limits must be determined for each species individually. Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, N.S.W., Australia. (izs)

79: ! 639 Van Den Hoek, C., A. M. Breeman, R. P. M. Bak

and G. Van Buurt, 1978. The distribution of algae, corals and gorgonians in relation to depth, light attenuation, water movement and grazing pressure in the fringing coral reef of Curacao. Netherlands Antilles. A quat. Bot., 5( 1): 1-46.

Seven zonal communities were distinguished along two transects perpendicular to the coast down to 65 m using cluster analysis and reef physiognomy; zonation patterns in both transects were remarkably similar despite widely different water movement strengths. A conspicuous algal turf existed at about 27-50 m possibly reflecting low grazing pressure. Biological Centre, Department of Systematic Botany, Haren, Groningen, The Netherlands. (izs)

79:1640 Verhoeven, J. T. A. and W. Van Vierssen, 1978.

Structure of macrophyte dominated communities in two brackish lagoons on the island of Corsica, France. Aquat. Bot., 5( 1): 77-86.

The species composition and spatial organization of aquatic vegetation and associated macrofauna in brackish lagoons on Corsica were determined nearly ten years after a 1967 investigation. Changes in vegetational patterns are discussed in terms of water depth and substrate. Changes in the dominant macroflora and macrofauna are found to reflect a large decrease in the salinity of one of the lagoons. Brackish areas where Ruppia species dominated were given special attention and a comparison with brackish lagoons on Camargue was made. Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Catholic University of Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. (rio)

79:1641 Warwick, R. M., C. k. George and J. R. Davies,

1978. Annual macrofauna production in a Venus communit.~. Estuar. coast, mar. Sci., 7(3): 215-241.

Total annual production of the Venus community in Carmarthen Bay, S. Wales, is estimated to be 25.815 gm 2yr 1. Cohort growth analysis enabled annual production estimations of samples collected over a one-year period. Includes a species list. Institute for Marine Environmental Research, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth PL1 3DH, United Kingdom. (smm)

8. Ecology and control of marine fouling organisms and borers

79:1642 Karande, A. A., 1978. Marine fouling and timber

deterioration in sub-oceanic islands of Andamans. IndianJ. mar. Sci., 7(1): 39-43.

Test panels at five offshore and nearshore sites near Port Blair, Andaman Islands, are examined for fouling and wood-boring organisms. Teredo, Martesia. and Limnoria occur throughout the year and cause extensive damage. Naval Chemical & Metallurgical Laboratory, Tiger Gate, Bombay 400023, India. (smm)

9. Sargassum and other floating seaweeds and their symbionts

79:1643 Cowper, S. W., 1978. The drift algae community of


seagrass beds in Redfish Bay, Texas. Contr. mar. Sci. Univ. Texas, 21: 125-132.

Drifting masses of algae form thick (almost knee- deep) communities overlying seagrass beds. The biomass and primary production of this unusual algal feature are investigated in order to define its role in the seagrass ecosystem. The algae masses significantly reduced the light flux over the seagrass beds, served as resources for animals, accounted for a relatively small biomass and showed net productivity. Port Aransas Marine Laboratory, The University of Texas Marine Science Laboratory, Port Aransas, Texas 78373, U.S.A. (rio)

I0. Nekton (molluscs , fish and fisheries, rep- tiles and mammals )

79:1644 Aldred, R. G., M. Nixon and J. Z. Young, 1978.

The blind octopus, Cirrothauma. Nature, Lond., 275(5680): 547-549.

Cirrothaurna murrayi, a rare deep-sea octopod, belongs to the poorly known family Cirroteuthidae whose members differ from all other octopods and resemble decapods in that they have fins; C. murrayi has a system of giant nerve fibers usually only associated with decapods. Photoreceptor and nervous systems, body structure, probable systematic affinities and cirroteuthid behavior are discussed. Institute of Oceanographic Sciences, Wormley, Surrey, United Kingdom. (izs)

79:!645 Billard, R. and Jacqueline Marcel, organizers,

1977/78. International symposium on reproductive physiology of fish Iheld atl Paimpont IFrance), 19-21 September 1977. Annls Biol. Anita. Biochim. Biophys., 18(4): 1114 pp.; 52 papers, lnstitut national de la Recherche agron- omique, 78350 3ouy-en-Josas, France.

79:1646 Haedrich, R. L. and Gerhard Krefft, 1978.

Distribution of bottom fishes in the Denmark Strait and irminger Sea. Deep-Sea Res.. 25(8): 705-720. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, U.S.A.

79:1647 Harrison, C. S. and J. D. Hall, 1978. Alaskan distri-

bution of the beluga whale, Delpbinapterus leucas. Can. Fld Nat.. 92(3): 235-241.

Results of a state-wide aerial survey over a two-year period probably account for all major Alaskan beluga

populations: beluga appear to be absent from many coastal and most offshore waters, but important populations (including a migratory one wintering in the Bering Sea and summering in the eastern Beaufort Sea) are found in the Gulf of Alaska, Bering Sea and Beaufort Sea. Hawaiian Islands National Wildlife Refuge, 300 Ala Moana Blvd., Honolulu, Hawaii 96850, U.S.A. (smf)

79:1648 lvanova, G., 1978. Statistical review of catches of

fish and other aquatic organisms in the World Ocean and the inland waters. (In Russian.) lzv. nauchnoizled. Inst. Okeanogr. Ribno Stopan., Varna, 16: 147-182.

The data are treated geographically, by fishing country and by groups of organisms caught.

79:!649 Ohata, C. A., L. K. Miller and Hiroshi Kajimura,

1977. Northern fur seal thermoregulation: thermal responses to pelagic conditions. J. therm. Biol., 2(3): 141-143.

Reduced rectal and sub-blubber temperatures of seals reflected a decrease in peripheral temperature during long-term exposure to 7.7 4-0.3oC sea water. Hindflippers were uniformly cool suggesting the operation of a physiological heat conserving mechanism (vasoconstriction). Marine Biomedical Institute, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77550, U.S.A.

79: ! 650 Purves, P. E., W. H. Dudok van Heel and A. Jonk,

1975. Locomotion in dolphins. I. Hydrodynamic experiments on a model of the bottle-nosed dolphin, Tursiops truncatus, IMont.). Aquat. Mature.. 3(I): 5-31.

Using a full-scale wooden model of a female bottle- nosed dolphin, hydrodynamic resistance characteristics were evaluated: water flows parallel to the dermal ridges only for the anterior portion of the body during gliding and it is postulated that tail action helps to prevent boundary layer separation for the posterior portion. Figures include photos, illustrations, and a foldout of the body plan of T. truncatu,~. British Museum (Nat. Hist.), London, Great Britain. (rio)

79:1651 Ray, G. C., E. D. Mitchell, D. Wartzok, V. M.

Kozicki and R. Maiefski, 1978. Radio tracking of a fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus). Science, 202(4367): 521-524.

Radio tagging of whales enables precise measurements of life history parameters. A fin whale was tracked for 27.8 hours over a distance of 145 kin.


Breathing and movement data were collected. Department of Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, M D 21205, U.S.A. (smm)

79:1652 Redfield, J. A., J. C. Holmes and R. D. Holmes,

1978. Sea snakes of the eastern Gulf of Carpen- taria [northern Australia[. Aust. J. mar. Freshwat. Res., 29(3): 325-334.

Several major distribution and species' differences between this and earlier studies cannot be accounted for, but might be explained by either sampling bias or real distribution and abundance changes due to fishing. Further study and discussion are planned. Division of Fisheries and Oceanography, CSIRO, P.O. Box 120, Cleveland, Q|d 4163. (smf)

79:1653 Shcherbachev, Y. N. et al., 1978. Taxonomy and

ecology of the deep-sea fishes. (In Russian; English abstracts.) Trudy Inst. Okeanol., I I1: 270 pp.; 14 papers.

This collection of fourteen papers considers deep-sea fishes from the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans, Arabian Sea and Gulf of Guinea. G. A. Golovan's review of the ichthyofauna of the northwest African continental slope contains some 200 references. Several new species are recorded. (izs)

79:1654 Stein, D. L., 1978. Bassogigas profundissimus

I Roule) 1913 I Pisces: Brotulidael from the North Pacific Ocean. Deep-Sea Res., 25(8): 745-747.

Two specimens of B. profundissim~, from Tufts Abyssal Plain, are the first from the Pacific, largest known (302 mm SL and ca. 230 mm SL), and shallowest (5180 m) captured. Allometric growth in head length; horizontal eye diameter; and dorsal, anal and pectoral fin lengths is evident. The swimbladder of each fish is contained in a tough, inelastic capsule. School of Oceanography, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 9733 I, U.S.A.

79: ! 655 Threlfall, William, 1978. First record of the

Atlantic leatherback turtle I Dermochelys coriacea) from Labrador. Can. Fld Na t , 92(3): p. 287.

The northerly summer range of this sea turtle is extended 1050 km NNW of the previous record into an area where water temperature does not exceed 6°C. Thermal regulation and parasitism are briefly discussed. Department of Biology, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland AIB 3X9. (smf)

11. Birds

79:1656 Burger, Joanna and Joseph Shisler, 1978. The effects

of ditching a salt marsh on colony and nest site selection by herring gulls ILarus argentatust. Am. Mid/. Naturalist, 100(1 ): 54-63.

Nesting behavior of an established colony of herring gulls changed following vegetation changes caused by ditching of the colony's salt marsh island. Vegetation changes, shifts in colony location and site selection are described: nest, egg, and clutch sizes at various locations are compared. Department of Biology, Livingston College, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, U.S.A. (smf)

79: ! 657 Erasmus, T., 1978. The handling of constant volumes

of various concentrations of seawater by the jackass penguin Spheniscus demersus. Zoologica Afr., 13(1): 71-80.

in oral-loading of penguins with a fluid dosage kept at 10% of body mass, S. demersa;'s salt gland secreted only when the seawater dosed was hypertonic to the plasma. The cloacal system, stimulated to excrete by the same stimuli which induce secretion by the salt gland, decreased excretion with a decreasing osmotic load. Department of Zoology, University of Port Elizabeth. (izs)

79:1658 McClintock, C. P., T. C. Williams and J. M. Teal,

1978. Autumnal bird migration observed from ships in the western North Atlantic Ocean. Bird-Banding, 49(3): 262-277. Includes species lists.

12. General biological and ecological studies and surveys

79: i 659 Badenkov, Yu. P. and Yu. G. Puzachenko, 1978.

A study of the ecosystems of the islands of the southwest Pacific: preliminary results of the sixth marine expedition of the research vessel Kallisto. (In Russian.) Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Set. Geogr., 1978(4):15-24.

79:1661 Green, R. H. and G. L. Vascotto, 1978. A method for

the analysis of environmental factors controlling patterns of species composition in aquatic communities. War. Res.. 12(8): 583-590.

Classification (or cluster) analysis of biological data followed by multiple discriminant analysis is

I~SR{HI 2 6 4 I


recommended. Analysis methods (ordination, classification and diversity index) which reduce biological data to a more useable form are reviewed. Pollution study applications are discussed. Department of Zoology, University of Western Ontario, London N6A 5B7, Canada. (izs)

79:1662 Morel, Andre, 1978. Available, usable, and stored

radiant energy in relation to marine photosynthesis. Deep-Sea Res., 25(8): 673-688.

In the euphotic layer, variations of PAR, PUR and PSR (photosynthetically available, usable and stored radiation) are studied with respect to algal biomass and production under different oceanic regimes. Efficiency and quantum yield for natural phytoplankton populations are estimated. Phytoplanktonic chromatic adaptation is examined in relation to spectral density of the submarine light field, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Marines, Station Marine de Villefranche-sur-Mer, 06230 Villefranche sur Mer, France. (izs)

79:1663 Morris, Byron, John Barnes, Foster Brown and

John Markham, 1977. The Bermuda marine environment: a report of the Bermuda Inshore Waters Investigations 1976-1977. Spec. Pubis Bermuda biol. Sm Res., 15:120 pp.

This first annual report of the Bermuda Inshore Waters Investigations presents baseline data on water quality parameters. Copiously illustrated, this multidisciplinary study covers geology, human impact, sediments, biota, water chemistry and physics, etc. Bermuda Biological Station, St. Georges West, Bermuda. (izs)

79:1664 Powell, J. R., 1978. The founder-flush speciation

theory: an experimental approach. Evolution, 32(3): 465-474. Department of Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, U.S.A.

79:1665 Rabinowitz, Deborah, 1978. Early growth of

mangrove seedlings in Panam~i and an hypothesis concerning the relationship of dispersal and zonation.J. Biogeogr., 5(2): 113-133.

It is proposed that mangrove zonation may be controlled by tidal sorting of propagules according to size and by differential ability of propagules to establish in deep water. Division of Biological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, U.S.A. (izs)

79:1666 Turelli, Michael, 1978 . Does environmental

variability limit niche overlap? Proc. hath. Acad. Sci.. U.S.A., 75(10): 5085-5089.

Weak to moderate stochastic variation does not appear to limit significantly the similarity of competing species, a result in sharp contrast to that of May and MacArthur (1972). Department of Genetics, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A. (izs)

13. Biological effects of pollution, uptake and accumulation of elements, etc.

79: ! 667 Andersen, S. H. and A. Rebsdorff, 1978. Poly-

chlorinated hydrocarbons and hea~y metals in harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoenal and whitebeaked dolphin ( Lagenorhynchus albirostris) from Danish waters. Aquat. Mature., 4(1): 14-20.

Levels of chlorinated hydrocarbons and heavy metals were measured in different tissues of several individuals; results are compared with similar analyses performed in other regions and an attempt is made to explain the recent change in geographical distribution of the harbour porpoise in the North Sea. Institute of Physiology, Department of Marine Bio- acoustic, University of Odense, 5000 Odense, Denmark. (bwt)

79:1668 Aoyama, Isao, Yoshinobu Inoue and Yoriteru lnoue,

1978. Experimental study on the concentration process of trace element through a food chain from the viewpoint of nutrition ecology. Wat. Res., 12(10): 831-836.

Using the minnow Oryzias latipes as prey, the fish ,4stronotus ocellatus as predator, and Cs-137 as tracer, the effects of ration size on biological concentration (increases with ration size), feeding interval on ration size and therefore concentration (not significant), and fish growth on metal concentration (reduces apparent relative concentration) were investigated. Institute for Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Okayama University, 2-20-1 Chyu-o, Kurashiki, 710 Japan. (rio)

79:1669 Bengtsson, B.-E., 1978. Use of a harpacticoid

copepod in toxicity tests. Mar. Pollut. Bull.. 9(9): 238-241.

Nitocra spinipes was found to be a suitable toxicity test organism in a study of twelve metal chlorides in brackish water. Results agree with other investigations in both fresh and sea water. The


National Environment Protection Board, Brackish Water Toxicology Laboratory, Studsvik, S-611 01 Nyk6ping, Sweden. (smm)

79:1670 Blackman, R. A. A., F. L. Franklin, M. G. Norton

and K. W. Wilson, 1978. New procedures for the toxicity testing of oil slick dispersants in the United Kingdom. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 9(9): 234-238.

In an effort to overcome the deficiencies of the standard static bioassay (48 h LC 50) used to assess the toxicity of oil spill dispersants, two testing procedures for dispersants on beaches or at sea have been developed. Rationale behind the development of the two tests is discussed. North West Water Authority, P.O. Box 12, New Town House, Buttermarket Street, Warrington, United Kingdom. (bwt)

79:1671 Blundo, R., 1978. The toxic effects of the water

soluble fractions of No. 2 fuel oil and of three aromatic hydrocarbons on the behavior and survival of barnacle larvae. Contr. mar. Sci. Univ. Texas, 21: 25-37.

Sublethal effects of petroleum and petroleum components were studied using the water-soluble fraction of No. 2 fuel oil and saturated solutions of three aromatic hydrocarbons. The phototactic response of barnacle nauplii was measured at a series of dilutions and it was concluded that the volatile aromatics are in large part responsible for the deleterious effects on activity and survival of barnacle larvae. Department of Marine Biology, Centro Sub Capri, Marina Grande, 80070 Capri, Italy. (bwt)

79:1672 Bottino, N. R., R. D. Newman, E. R. Cox,

R. Stockton, M. Hoban, R. A. Zingaro and K. J. Irgolic, 1978. The effects of arsenate and arsenite on the growth and morphology of the marine unicellular algae Tetraselmis chui (Chlorophyta) and Hymenomonas carterae (Chrysophyta). J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., 33(2): 153-168.

The possibility that sublethal amounts of arsenic could hinder normal algae growth or motility and thereby upset the overall balance of the marine ecosystem was investigated via laboratory uptake studies with T. chui and H. carterae. These experiments investigated the dynamics of arsenic uptake and assessed the effects of arsenate and arsenite on the growth and motility of algae. The effects varied with oxidation state, concentration, and degree of illumination. Both arsenite and arsenate affect cell morphology and the latter also has a significant effect on algal growth. The exchange of arsenate between the medium and cells varied with the

degree of illumination and suggested that arsenate undergoes a chemical change within algal cells. Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, U.S.A. (rio)

79:1673 Canton, J. H., R. C. C. Wegman, T. J. A. Vulto,

C. H. Verhoef and G. J. van Esch, 1978. Toxicity-, accumulation- and elimination studies of a-hexachlorocyclohexane (a-HCH) with saltv~ater organisms of different trophic levels. War. Res.. 12(9): 687-690.

Short-term studies on the uptake and toxicity of c~- HCH were performed on three organisms: an alga, a crustacean, and a fish. The results of these studies are described and possible mechanisms to account for them are discussed. Laboratory of Toxicology, National Institute of Public Health, Bilthoven, The Netherlands. (bwt)

79:1674 Dillon, T. M., J. M. Neff and J. S. Warner, 1978.

Toxicity and sublethal effects of No. 2 fuel oil on the supralittoral isopod Lygia exotica. Bull. environ. Contarnin. Toxicol., 20(3): 320-327.

As high mortality of L. exotica was observed following an oil spill, an experiment to determine toxicity and sublethal effects of No. 2 fuel oil on this species was performed. Relatively low toxicity, unaltered respiration, and high concentrations of dibenzothiophenes in the whole organism were found. Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, U.S.A. (bwt)

79:1676 Fales, R. R., 1978. The influence of temperature

and salinity on the toxicity of hexavalent chromium to the grass shrimp Palaemonetes pugio I Holthuis). Bull. environ. Contamin. Toxicol., 20(4): 447-450.

Toxicological response of P. pugio to acute hexavalent chromium (potassium chromate) concentrations varies as a function of temperature and salinity and demonstrates that single-value chromium exposure standards for estuarine organisms are inadequate unless they are based on the most deleterious combination of environmental parameters. Physiological damage was enhanced by increased temperatures and decreased salinity. The experiments used higher concentrations of chromate than are expected to occur, but sublethal effects would probably also reflect the same dependences. 271 Old Post Road, Edison, New Jersey 08817, U.S.A. (rio)

79:!677 Fowler, S. W. and M. Y. Unlu, 1978. Factors

affecting bioaccumulation and elimination of


arsenic in the shrimp Lysmata seticaudata. Chemosphere, 7(9): 711-720.

The influence of factors such as temperature, salinity, arsenic concentration and molt stage on the kinetics of arsenic uptake and elimination in shrimp were evaluated via radiotracer experiments. Arsenic levels depend to some extent on the individual's intermolt stage; the body burden appears to be situated in the internal portion of the exoskeleton which is not lost at molt. International Laboratory of Marine Radioactivity, Mus6e Oc6anographique, Principality of Monaco. (bwt)

79:1678 Gorman, M. L. and C. E. Simms, 1978. Lack of

effect of ingested Forties Field crude oil on avian growth. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 9(10): 273-276.

The reported cessation of growth in young herring gulls dosed with Kuwait and Louisiana crude oil was not observed when chicks of herring gulls and other birds were dosed with Forties crude oil from the North Sea. One reason for this discrepancy might be that the former birds may already have completed their growth at the time of the experiments. Department of Zoology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland.

79:1681 Kumagai, Hiroshi and Kiyoko Saeki, 1978. Utiliza-

tion of the steam distillation procedure for the determination of methyl mercury in fish and shells by gas-liquid chromatography. (In Japanese; English abstract.) Bull. japan. Soc. scient. Fish., 44(7): 803-805.

In this procedure for the analysis of methyl mercury in fish and shellfish, volatile mercuric chlorides are steam distilled, solvent extracted and analyzed by electron capture gas chromatography using ,~- chloronaphthalene as an internal standard. Yamaguchi Prefectural Research Institute of Health, Aoi, Yamaguchi City 753, Japan. (bwt)

79:1682 Kumagai, Hiroshi and Kiyoko Saeki, 1978. Contents

of total mercury, alkyl mercury, and methyl mercury in some coastal fish and shells. (In Japanese; English abstract.) Bull. japan. Soc. scient. Fish., 44(7): 807-811.

Using a newly developed analytical procedure, results of a survey of alkyl and methyl mercury in fish and shellfish caught in uncontaminated coastal waters at Yamaguchi are presented. Yamaguchi Prefectural Research Institute of Health, Aoi, Yamaguchi City 753, Japan.

79:1679 Greig, R. A. and D. R. Wenzloff, 1978. Metal accu-

mulation and depuration by the American oyster, Crassostrea virginica. Buff. environ. Contarnin. Toxicol., 20(4): 499-504.

Accumulation and depuration of silver, cadmium, zinc, and copper by C. virginica are studied in natural systems. Uptake of the metals from sediment, food, and seawater is considered. National Marine F'isheries Service, Northeast Fisheries Center, Milford Laboratory, Milford, CT 06460, U.S.A. (izs)

79:1680 Hsiao, S. I. C., 1978. Effects of crude oils on the

growth of Arctic marine phytoplankton. Environ. Pollut., 17(2): 93-107.

Growth responses of three Arctic marine diatom species and a green flagellate were studied under controlled exposure to several crude oils. Greater inhibition generally occurred with longer exposure or higher temperature (0°C, 5°C, 10°C) and the diatoms were less tolerant than the flagellate. Possible ecological consequences of such species sensitivity and differential growth are discussed. Arctic Biological Station, Department of Fisheries and the Environment, Fisheries and Marine Service, P.O. Box 400, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, PQ, H9X 3L6, Canada. (bwt)

79:1683 Kureishy, T. W., M. D. George and R. Sen Gupta,

1978. DDT concentration in zooplankton from the Arabian Sea. lndianJ, mar. Sci.. 7(I): 54-55.

Five zooplankton samples from the west coast of India have been analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography for total DDT. Although the technique does not separate DDT and its metabolites from PCB and BHC, the results may be useful in establishing a baseline for insecticide pollution. Concentrations were found to vary from 0.05 to 3.21 ppm (wet weight). National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula 403004, Goa, India. (rio)

79:1684 Littler, M. M. and S. N. Murray, 1978. Influence of

domestic wastes on energetic pathways in rocky intertidal communities. J. appl. Ecol., 15(2): 583-595.

The calorific content of 18 macroinvertebrates and 36 macrophytes in polluted and unpolluted rocky intertidal habitats was surveyed. Algae that characterized the unpolluted community contained fewer calories per unit weight, had relatively more structural tissue, and hence allocated less energy to rapid growth and reproduction. Macroinvertebrate populations exposed to domestic sewage had higher energy content than did the corresponding population in the unpolluted habitat. It is hypothesized that


domestic waste alters the energetic pathways by encouraging the increase of suspension feeder populations and by providing stress from deleterious material that maintains a successional subclimax community. Includes species lists. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, lrvine, CA, U.S.A. (bwt)

79:1685 Lonning, Sunniva and B. E. Hagstrom, 1978.

A toxicological evaluation of a plastic oil absorbant. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 9(10): 276-278.

Effects of a plastic oil absorbant were tested on organisms of different taxa. Results indicate that, under the experimental conditions described, the Oil Killer acts as an almost inert nontoxic substance. Although it dissolves in the presence of methylene chloride, no negative effects were recorded. In combination with crude oil the Oil Killer seems to reduce the serious ill effects exerted by oil alone. Institute of Biology and Geology, University of Troms6, N-9001 Troms6, Norway.

79:1686 Matsunaga, Katsuhiko, 1978. Concentration of

mercury in marine animals. Bull. Fac. Fish. Hokkaido Univ., 29(I): 70-74.

About 200 marine animals were divided on the basis of food habits. Mercury concentrations were measured; the mechanism of mercury accumulation was examined. It is likely that mercury accumulation in marine animals depends on food chain amplification. Laboratory of Marine Chemistry, Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan.

79:1687 Moraitou-Apostolopoulou, M., 1978. Acute toxicity

of copper to a copepod [Acartiaclausil . Mar. Pollut. Bull., 9(10): 278-280.

The acute toxicity of copper to A. clausi was determined with static bioassays of natural copepod assemblages from a polluted area and a relatively uncontaminated area. Metal toxicity test results expressed as 48 h LCs0 values indicate a significant difference in copper tolerance between the two populations, with the LCs0 of the pollution-adapted population higher than that of the uncontaminmated area population. Zoological Laboratory, University of Athens, Greece.

79:1688 Park, Joo-Suck and Hak-Gyoon Kim, 1978.

Bioassays on marine organisms: acute toxicity

test of mercury, cadmium and copper to arkshell, Anadara broughtonii from Jin-Dong Bay, and to oyster, Crassostrea gigas, from Kwang-Do Bay, south coast of Korea. J. oceanol. Soc. Korea, 13(1): 35-43.

The toxic effects of mercury, copper, and cadmium were measured for two species of shellfish collected along the southern coast of Korea. Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine short-term lethal times, concentrations and thresholds of the three heavy metal pollutants. National Fisheries Research and Development Agency. (rio)

79:1689 Rossi, S. S. and J. W. Anderson, 1978. Petroleum

hydrocarbon resistance in the marine worm Neanthes arenaceodentata (Polychaeta: Anne- lida), induced by chronic exposure to No. 2 fuel oil. Bull. environ. Contamin. Toxicol., 20(4): 513-521.

Changes in detoxification metabolic processes induced in a marine worm by chronic exposure to the water-soluble fraction of No. 2 fuel oil were examined, including naphthalene uptake, release and metabolism kinetics. Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California 92093, U.S.A. (bwt)

79:i690 Russell, D. J. and B. A. Carlson, 1978. Edible-oil

pollution on Fanning Island. Pacif. Sci., 32(1): 1-15.

The biological effects of a spill of I 0,000 tons of edible oils on a coral reef were investigated and recovery was followed for eleven months; effects were similar to those occurring after a petroleum oil spill. Department of Botany, University of Hawaii, 3190 Maile Way, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, U.S.A. (bwt)

79:1691 Sosnowski, S. L. and J. H. Gentile, 1978. Toxico-

logical comparison of natural and cultured populations of Acartia tonsa to cadmium, copper, and mercury. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can., 35(10): 1366-1369.

Reproducible toxicological responses were found throughout six cultured generations. Response patterns in field and cultured populations were for the most part not statistically different although the response variability was greater for field populations. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environ- mental Research Laboratory, South Ferry Road, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882, U.S.A. (rio)


79:1692 Soulsby, P. G., D. kowthion and M. Houston, 1978.

Observations on the effects of sewage discharged into a tidal harbour. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 9(9): 242-245.

Surveys over three years involving the measurement of nutrients, dissolved oxygen, heavy metals in sediments, salinity, and faunal distributions have identified the extent of sewage contamination in Portsmouth (United Kingdom) harbour. Ecological effect of this increased nutrient load is discussed. Southern Water Authority, Eastleigh House, 2 Market Street, Eastleigh, Hampshire, United Kingdom. (bwt)

79:1693 Vauk, Gottfried, 1978. Seevogel als Indikatoren fur

zeitlich und 6rtlich begrenzte Meeres- verschmutzung im Gebiet yon Helgo- land (Deutsche Bucht). [Sea birds as indicators of accidental marine pollution in the Helgoland area, German Bight. I Ver6ff. Inst. Meeres- forsch. Bremerh., 17(1): 95-100.

Between January and April 1978, 116 dead or moribund sea birds were collected at Helgoland beaches. Fifty-six birds, mostly guillemots and kittiwakes, died from oil pollution of unknown origin and extent. The majority of 60 non-oiled birds, mostly kittiwakes and herring gulls, exhibited symptoms of poisoning. Methyl parathion was identified in one of the dead herring gulls, lnselstation Helgoland des Instituts fiir Vogelforschung "Vogelwarte Helgo- land", Postfach 1220, D-2192 Helgoland, F.R.G.

79:1694 Viale, Denise, 1978. Evidence of metal pollution

in Cetacea of the western Mediterranean. Annls Inst. oc~anogr., Paris, 54(I): 5-16.

Very high concentrations of Fe, Ti, Cr, V, Cd, Pb and Hg were found in Cetacea beached along Mediterranean shores. The increase in beachings each year could be due to this metal pollution. Station Zoologique, F 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France. (smm)

types and concentrations of antibiotics, and therapeutic pretreatment of the live food, Artemia salina. University of California, Bodega Marine Laboratory, Bodega Bay, CA 94923, U.S.A. (izs)

79:1696 Kawamoto, Nobuyuki, 1978. Progress report of

the stud~ of Nautilus macromphalus in captivity. Proc. Japan Acad., 54(B)(3): 87-91. The Nihon University, Japan.

79:1697 Lipschultz, Fredric and George Krantz, 1978.

An analysis of oyster hatchery production of cultched and cultchless oysters utilizing linear programming techniques. Proc. natn. Shell- fish. Ass.. 68: 5-10.

Linear programming techniques were used in economic analyses of oyster hatchery production. Data came from the University of Maryland small- scale hatchery and from Dupuy (1973). Results indicate that labor is the major cost component, that a large-scale operation run periodically rather than continuously is most efficient, and that the cultched method represents a 45% savings over the cultchless method. The linear programming model precludes introduction of important economics of scale and exponential cost curves and therefore a reformulated model is planned. Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, U.S.A. (rio)

79:1698 Ogle, John, S. M. Ray and W. J. Wardle, 1978.

The feasibility of suspension culture of oysters (Crassostrea virginical at a petroleum platform off the Texas coast. Contr. mar. Sci. Univ. Texas, 2 I: 63-76.

Off-bottom oyster culturing experiments at a petroleum platform off High Island, Texas, establish the feasibility of oyster mariculture for such platforms. Problems of containing oysters and spat and maintaining disease-free populations remain to be solved. Figures include equipment drawings. Gulf Coast Research Lab, P.O. Box AG, Ocean Springs, Mississippi 39564, U.S.A. (smm)

14. Cultures, rearing experiments and aquaculture

79:!695 Fisher, W. S. and R. T. Nelson, 1978. Application of

antibiotics in the cultivation of Dungeness crab, Cancer magister. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can., 35(10): 1343-1349.

C. magisterzoeae survival was measured in relation to varying durations of antibiotic treatment, different

79:1699 Schroeder, G. L., 1978. Autotrophic and hetero-

trophic production of microorganisms in intensely-manured fish ponds, and related fish yields. Aquaculture, 14(4): 303-325.

Heterotrophic production promises the possibility of considerable production increases; autotrophic production, only marginal increases because of its dependence upon incident solar energy. Intensely- manured fish ponds produce 15-30 kg fish ha -~ day- with the fish apparently harvesting microorganisms at

F. General 225

the bacterial and protozoan levels. Figures include 6 micrographs. Fish and Aquaculture Research Station, Dor, Israel. (izs)

15. Miscellaneous

79:1700 Cato, D. H., 1978. Marine biological choruses

observed in tropical waters near Australia. J. acoust. Soc. Am., 64(3): 736-743.

Four hundred hours of biological chorus recordings were analyzed primarily for their acoustical characteristics and significance in terms of ambient noise levels. Regular evening and transitory choruses were noted in the Timor Sea, west Pacific and east Indian oceans. Possible sources are discusssed. Royal Australian Navy Research Laboratory, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, 2010 Australia. (fcs)

79:1701 Duguay, L. E. and D. L. Taylor, 1978. Primary

production and calcification by the soritid foraminifer Archais angulatus IFichtel & Moll). J. Protozool., 25(3)(2): 356-36 I.

Laboratory studies indicate that the calcification of A. angulatus is due to the photosynthesis of its algal symbiote, Chlamydomonas hedleyi. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, Florida 33149, U.S.A. (rio)

79:1702 Potts, M. J., 1978. Deposition of air-borne salt

on Pinus radiata and the underlying soil. J. appl. Ecol., 15(2): 543-550.

Sodium deposition on coastal conifers was greater on the windward side of the trees and closely correlated with on-shore run-of-wind. Agronomy Department, The West of Scotland Agricultural College, Auchincruive, Ayr, Scotland. (izs)

F. General

3. Interdisciplinary apparatus, methods, mathematical and statistical techniques

79:i703 Brower, J. C. and Julia Veinus, 1978. Multivariate

analysis of allometry using point coordinates. J. Paleont., 52(5): 1037-1053.

Multivariate analysis of point coordinates, which directly measures changes in size and shape of

homologous points or points that are constant topographically with respect to a consistent set of reference axes, is proposed as a more direct approach than linear dimensions for measuring size and shape. Multivariate allometry can be used to treat an entire series of animals simultaneously; works best on complicated sizes and shapes; is quick, objective, inexpensive and versatile having been successfully applied to various organisms including foraminiferans, brachiopods, arthropods and vertebrates as well as to non-biological entities such as hang gliders and vintage aircraft. Applications to geological structures such as folds, deltas and Martian landscapes are also possible. Heroy Geological Laboratory, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13210, U.S.A. (izs)

79: ! 704 Finkelstein, L. and R. D. Watts, 1978. Mathematical

models of instruments--fundamental principles. J. Phys. scient. Instrums, E, 11(9): 841-855. Instrument Systems Centre, Department of Systems Science, The City University, St. John Street, London EC1V 4PB, United Kingdom.

79:1705 Heard, W. R. and F. H. Salter, 1978. Simple venturi

device for mixing freshwater and seawater in an estuarine culture system. Progve Fish Cult., 40(3): 101-103.

When installed in a gravity-fed freshwater delivery system, a venturi device made from standard sizes of polyvinyl plumbing and rod-stock material injected seawater into the discharge water to produce a stable water flow of intermediate salinity. Interchangeable components with different-sized openings permit salinity regulation of the discharge water. Northwest and Alaska Fisheries Center Auke Bay Laboratory, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Auke Bay, Alaska 99821, U.S.A.

79:1706 Holyer, R. J., 1978. Toward universal multispectral

suspended sediment algorithms. Rein. Sens. Environ., 7(4): 323-338.

Volume spectral reflectance can be quantitatively related to suspended nonfilterable residue and nephelometric turbidity using multispectral algorithms. Spectrometer data from Lake Mead are statistically analyzed and reduced according to a model presented in this paper. Naval Ocean Research and Development Activity NSTL Station, Mississippi 39529, U.S.A. (dme)

79:1707 Horne, R. W., 1978. Special specimen preparation

methods for image processing in transmission

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