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Biometrics
(Authentication & Security)
Umesh Sharma
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Lets Define !
A biometric is a physiological or behavioral
characteristic of a human being that can distinguish
one person from another and that theoretically can be
used for identification orverification of identity.Authentication depends on
What you have
What you know
What you ARE !
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Why Biometrics?
Identity thefts
Something you know can be stolen
Predicted or hacked
Reliability on manual verification
Biometric applications available today arecategorized into 2 sectors
Psychological: Iris, Fingerprints, Hand, Retinal andFace recognition
Behavioral: Voice, Typing pattern, Signature
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The metrics of Biometrics
FTE Failure To Enroll
FTA Failure To Accept
FAR False Acceptance Rates
FRR False Reject Rates
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BIOMETRIC PROCESS
Capture
Process
Capture
Process
COMPARE
STORE
ENROLLMENT
VERIFICATION
NO MATCH
MATCH
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Fingerprint recognition
Divides print into loops, whorls and arch
Calculates minutiae points (ridge endings)
Comparisons
Authentication
Disadvantages
Racial issues
Dirt , grime and wounds
Placement of finger Too big a database to process
Can be spoofed liveness important!
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Retinal Scanning
Scans retina into database
User looks straight into retinal reader
Scan using low intensity light
Very efficient cant be spoofed!
Disadvantages
User has to look directly
FTE ratio high in this biometric Acceptability concerns
Light exposure
Hygiene
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Face recognition User faces camera
Neutral expression required
Apt lighting and position
Algorithms for processing
Decision
Issues
Identification across expression
FRR or FAR fluctuate Easily spoofed
Tougher usability
High Environmental impact
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Voice Recognition Speech input
Frequency Duration Cadence
Neutral tone User friendly
Disadvantages Local acoustics Background noise
Device quality Illness , emotional behavior Time consuming enrollment Large processing template
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Signature Recognition Signature measures (dynamic)
Speed
Velocity
Pressure
Captures images (static)
High user acceptance
Issues
Signature variable with Age, illness, emotions
Requires high quality hardware
High FRR as signatures are very dynamic
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Typing Patterns
User typing pattern Speed
Press and Release Rate
Unique patterns are generated
Comparisons
Issues
Not very scalable
FRR is high
Can be spoofed by simple technology(recorders)
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Reference
Wikipedia
Biometrics by(Jacob)
Biometrics- Authentication by(Miller)
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Thank You!!
