Date post: | 14-Apr-2017 |
Category: |
Environment |
Upload: | mohtishim-ch |
View: | 394 times |
Download: | 0 times |
What is Biosafety? Safety from exposure to
Infectious Agents
e.g Smallpox
What is Biosafety?
Sunday, Sep. 20, 2009Did the Plague Kill Illinois Scientist?
By AP(AP / CHICAGO) — The University of Chicago Medical Center says the infection that killed a
scientist may be connected to bacteria he researched that causes the plague. The university said Saturday that its researcher studied the genetics of harmful bacteria including
Yersinia pestis, which causes the illness. He died Sept. 13. His name and age haven't been released
The medical center says the bacteria he worked with was a weakened strain that isn't known to cause illness in healthy adults. The strain was approved by the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention for laboratory studies. An autopsy found no obvious cause of death but did find the presence of the bacteria. More tests are
planned. No other illnesses have been reported.
Biosafety in Various DisciplinesBiosafety is related to several fields
AGRICULTURE: reducing the risk of food bacterial contamination
MEDICINE: referring to organs or tissues from biological origin, or genetic therapy products, virus; levels of lab containment protocols BSL-1, 2, 3, 4 in rising order of danger
CHEMISTRY: i.e., nitrates in water, PCB levels affecting fertility
EXOBIOLOGY: i.e., NASA's policy for containing alien microbes that may exist on space samples - sometimes called "biosafety level 5"
Biosafety in Academic Research Research Universities: Promoting safe laboratory
practices, and procedures; proper use of containment equipment and facilities; provides advice on laboratory design and risk assesment of experiments involving infectious agents, rDNA in-vitro and in-vivo.
Bottom Line: Risk & Containment
Biosafety Issues Laboratory Safety Bloodborne pathogens (BBP) Recombinant DNA (rDNA) Biological waste disposal Infectious substance and diagnostic specimen shipping
Biosafety Issues (con’t.)
Respiratory Protection Bioterrorism and Select agents Mold and indoor air quality Occupational safety and health in the use
of research animals Biohazards used in animal models
Biohazardous Materials Viruses Bacteria Fungi Chlamydiae/Rickettsiae Prions Recombinant DNA
Biohazardous materials Transgenic Plants, Animals and Insects
Biohazardous Materials
Human Cells, Tissues, and Body Fluids Brain Tissue from Demented Patients Viral Vectors
The New BMBL Early print
edition…. Emphasis on “Risk
& Containment”
Biosafety Concepts from the BMBL
Principles of Biosafety Practice and Procedures
Standard Practices Special Practices & Considerations
Safety Equipment Facility Design and Construction Increasing levels of protection
Principles of Biosafety
Biosafety Levels 1-4 (BSL) Increasing levels of employee and environmental protection Guidelines for working safely in research & medical
laboratory facilities
Animal Biosafety Levels 1- 4 (ABSL)
Laboratory animal facilities Animal models that support research Guidelines for working safely in animal research facilities
Biosafety ConceptsThe BMBL
(1) Standard Microbiological Practices Most important concept / Strict adherence Aware of potential hazard Trained & proficient in techniques Supervisors responsible for:
Appropriate Laboratory facilities Personnel & Training
Special practices & precautions Occupational Health Programs
Biosafety IssuesThe BMBL
(2) Safety Equipment Primary Containment Barrier Minimize exposure to hazard
Prevent contact / Contain aerosols Engineering controls/ equipment Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Gloves, gowns, Respirator, Face shield, Booties Biological Safety Cabinets Covered or ventilated animal cage systems
Biosafety ConceptsThe BMBL
(3) Facility Design and Construction
Secondary Barrier/ Engineering controls
Contributes to worker protection Protects outside the laboratory
Environment & Neighborhood Ex. Building & Lab design,
Ventilation, Autoclaves, Cage wash facilities, etc.
Laboratory Design
“Warehouse Type Lab”
Discussion
What are some of the negatives and positives of this open lab concept?
Biosafety Level-1 Concepts of Biosafety
Biosafety Level-1 (BSL-1 or ABSL-1) Well characterized agents Agents not known to cause disease (in healthy human
adults; now healthy immunocompetent adults) Prophylactic treatment available Open bench procedures Animals in open cage system or open environment
(outdoors) Good laboratory practices
Risk Group 1 Agents E.coli K-12 Transgenic Plants Plasmids Fungi Mold Yeast
BSL-1 Practices Bench-top work allowed Daily Decontamination Manual pipetting Required Handwashing Red bag waste Bio cabinet not required
(unless creating aerosols) 2˚ containment
Risk Group 2 Agents Human or Primate
Cells Herpes Simplex Virus Replication
Incompetent Attenuated Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Patient specimens
BSL-2 Practices Concepts of Biosafety
Practices & Procedures Agents associated w/ human disease Treatment for disease available Agent poses moderate hazard to personnel and
environment Direct contact or exposure Percutaneous exposure
Scratch, Puncture, Needle stick Mucus membrane exposure
Eyes, Mouth, open cut
BSL-2 Practices Limited access to lab
when work in progress Daily decontamination Mechanical pipetting Labcoat, safety glasses
and gloves required Red bag & sharps
containers required
BSL-2 Practices (con’t)
Biohaz. Sign posted at entrance to lab
Label all equipment (incubators, freezers, etc.)
TC room – negative air flow Documented training Baseline serology or pre-
vaccination may be required
Risk Group 3 Agents Human
Immunodeficiency Virus
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Coxiella burnetii
Biosafety Level 3Working in High Containment
Biosafety Level-3 (BSL-3 or ABSL-3)
Indigenous or exotic agents Aerosol transmission Serious health effects Treatment may or may not exist
BSL-3 Practices Public access NOT permitted Daily decontamination after spill and
upon completion of experiment Autoclave required and waste is
disposed at the end of day Required foot activated handwashing
sink and controls No sharps unless absolutely necessary
BSL-3 Practices (con’t)
Aerosol minimization procedures required Wrap around disposable clothing is
required. Specialized equipment may be required depending upon procedures
Biohaz. Signs and labels posted Air flow from low hazard to high hazard
“Pressure Mapping”
BSL-3 Practices (con’t) Bench top work not permitted Documented training and personnel competency
certification (for BSL-3 procedures) Baseline serology Spills – report immediately and treat accordingly Vaccinations/post exposure protocols and SOP’s,
Biosafety Manual, Biosafety Officer
UCSD’s BSL-3
Biosafety Level-4Working in High Containment
Biosafety Level-4 Builds on BSL-3/ ABSL-3 practices Maximum containment facilities Pressurized Containment Suite
BSL-3 + Class III Biosafety Cabinet Chemical decontamination showers Liquid effluent collection / decontamination No BSL-4 labs exist at UCSD
Biosafety Level 4 Lassa Fever Virus Ebola Hemmorrhagic
Fever Virus Marburg Virus Herpes B Virus
Biosafety ConceptsWorking in High Containment
Biosafety Level-4 (BSL-4 or ABSL-4) Dangerous/exotic agents Life threatening disease Aerosol transmission Agents of unknown risk of transmission or health affects No known treatment
Animal Biosafety Level-4Working in High Containment
General Good Lab Technique
Hygienic Practices No Smoking, Eating, Applying cosmetics, lip
balm, contacts Wash hands after procedures Decontaminate lab bench before and after
work
General Operational Practices Proper attire
Minimum – lab coat, safety glasses, gloves Plan your work
Know in advance what you are working with Read available resources (MSDS)
Risk Assessment
In-Vitro In-Vivo Human ClinicalTrial
Addressing Risk Assessments What is the organism? Is it Wild-type, attenuated, irradiated, or
chemically treated? Look at kill data or kill curves.
What is the max. concentration, volume, infectious dose?
What is the work space like? Aerosolizing procedures? How do they contain
their aerosols?
Risk Assessment, con’t Are personnel trained? Do
personnel understand the organism, infectious dose and symptoms?
What are their experimental procedures?
Will they be transporting the material? Shipping intra, inter-state or international?
Are they doing tissue culture? Do they have adequate
containment equipment?
Tom Pugh
Risk Assessment, Con’t Are they doing this
work in-vivo? Have you consulted and discussed this with the Vets and IACUC to determine special needs and housing?
Waste issues addressed? Pregnancy issues with
the organisms?
Risk Assessment, con’t Do they share their
Tissue Culture room? Do they have more than
1 Biosafety Cabinet? Occupational Health
informed and set up to receive patient or offer counseling?
Accidental Spills
Evacuate area, alert personnel and cordon off so that aerosols may settle Don PPE; Cover with paper towels and apply bleach (1 part bleach : 9 parts water Allow 15 – 20 min contact time Wipe up working towards center Use tongs if broken glass is involvedIs Recombinant DNA involved?
First Aid Measures
Splash to Eye or Needlestick Injury Rinse thoroughly for 15 minutes at the eyewash or
sink Call Occupational Medicine 619 471-9210 Call EH&S to report exposure – 858 534-5366
What Helps?
Resources UCSD Biosafety:
http://blink.ucsd.edu/safety/research-lab/biosafety/
Biological Safety MSDS: http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/msds-ftss/index-eng.php
NIH BMBL:http://www.cdc.gov/od/ohs/biosfty/bmbl5/bmbl5toc.htm
See Handout for additional resources..
Thanks Any questions